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OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 300, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26026-0 · www.unido.org · [email protected] lu/Mû, H0J2Z ID/47 T> Ce Zi3 REPOHT OF THE EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY INDUSTRY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Vienna. IB 22 AugUHt 19«9 UNITED NATIONS l-NITKI) NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DKVKIX)PMENT ORGANIZATION. VIKNNA REPORT OF THEEXPKRTiillon'MKKTINC ON AORK ILIl RAI. MACHINERY ¡NIHTSTRY IN DEVELOPING COI NTRIES Vienna. \H l'2 August UMM) * i UNITED NATIONS Now York. 1970 The views and opinions ^pressed in signed articles are those of the authors and do noi necessarily relied the views of the secretariat of UN1IX). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression ot any opinion whatsoever on the part ol the Secretariat oi the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of ils authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. ID/47 (ID/WG.40/23) 3 - CONTENTS Page Letter of transmittal 7 Introduction g Part I RECOMMENDATIONS \\ Introduction \\ Recommendations 12 APPENDIX 1 REPORTS REQUIRED TO BE UNDERTAKEN 18 APPENDIX 2 AREAS OF EXPIX)RATORY ACTIVITIES RECOMMENDED 20 Part II THE CONSENSUS OF THE MEETING - RAPPORTEUR's ADDRESS 21 National planning 21 The agricultural constraints 22 Dynamics of an agricultural machinery and implement industry 23 Design, development, adaptation and testing 25 Service, repair and maintenance 26 Education 27 Guide-line for UNIDO activities 27 Part III AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY INDUSTRY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 29 I. The role of agricultural machinery and its usage 29 II. Classification, demand and trends in designs 42 III. Manufacture and indigenous production 64 IV. Programme towards manufacture 75 V. Design, development and testing 94 VI. Marketing service, maintenance and repair 115 VII. Developmentofagricultur.il machinery industry 124 APPENDIX 1 I. PRINCIPLES <>F CODIFICATION 128 IL APPLICATION OK IHK CODIFICATION SYSTEM TO THE CKMA CLASSIFICATION 130 - 4 - Annexes Pagj ANNEX 1 INAUGURAL ADDRESS by Mr. N. Grigoriev, Director, Industrial Technology Division, on behalf of Executive Director of UNIDO 141 PRESENTATION OK THE EXPERT GROEP MEETING ON ACRKTI FURA!, MACHINERY INDUSTRY by Mr. O. V . Soskut\ 143 OPENING ST\TEMENT by the Chairman, Mr. F. R. Moasser 145 CIJOSING STATEMENTS: Mr. O.V. Soskuty 147 Mr. F. R. Moasser 148 ANNEX 2 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 149 ANNEX 3 AGENDA 155 ANNEX 4 LIST OF DOCUMENTS PRESENTED TO THE MEETING 165 ANNEX 5 SUMMARIES OF BACKGROUND PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE MEETING 169 ANNEX 6 COUNTRY STUDY REPORTS PRESENTED AT THE MEETING 203 5 - EXPLANATORY NOTES "Dollars" refers to United States dollars (US$) unless otherwise indicated. "Tons" refers to metric tons unless otherwise indicated. AHRREVTATIONS United Nations Organizations ECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa ECAFE United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East ECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ILO International Labour Organisation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Other organi za ti on s AIDC Asian Industrial Development Council ISO International Standards Organization CEMA European Committee of Associations for Agricultural Machinery Manufacturers BIRPI International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property JCRR Joint Commission for Rural Reconstruction, China (Taiwan) PDAF Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry, China (Taiwan) Letter of transmittal to the Executive Director of UNIDO We have the honour of presenting to you the Heport on the Expert Croup Meeting on Agricultural Machinery Industry in Developing Countries organ- ized by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (I'MDO) and held in Vienna from 1ÍÍ to 22 August 10(59. It lias been recognized by ali the developing countries that agricultural machinery and implements - integrated with other allied inputs - are among the mos* important means for increasing production, and there has been an emphasis on the importance of self-reliance in agricultural machinery manu- facture integrated with indigenous engineering industries. We are happy to note that UNIDO proposes to provide technical assistance to those countries which express a desir- to establish their own industry capable of producing agricultural machinery am. implements. The Heport is dividevi into three pt. rts, Put I consisting of recommen- dations, Part II dealing with the consensus of the meeting towards formula- tion of recommendations and Part III consisting of the report on agricultural machinery industry in developing countries, based on the background docu- ments, discussions at the meeting and various notes submitted by the participants. We sincerely hope that our recommendations will provide you with a sound basis for your future work programme. In order to implement this programme, we recommend that UNIDO concentrate on field action-oriented projects in the manufacturing of agricultural machinery, and we strongly urge the developing countries to assess their needs and to assist you in establishing an order of priority. We wish to express our deep appreciation to the UNIDO Secretariat for organizing this meeting so effectively, and for all its assistance and hospitality. Yours truly, F.R. Moasser (Chairman) M.J. Wanjigi (Vice Chairman) J.H. O'Callaghan (Happorteur) 9 - Introduction 1. An Expert Group Meeting on Agricultural Machinery Industry in the Developing Countries was organized by the United Nations Industrial Develop- ment Organization (UNII)O) in fulfilment of its mandate to help member countries by identifying industries which might usefully be developed. The meeting was held in Vienna from 18 to 22 August lDRH. Forty-six participants representing international organizations as well as government agencies, private industry and research institut ions in thirty-one developed and develop- ing countries discussed how developing countries can both ine ¡'ease their agricultural production and stimulate the transfer of technology by manu- facturing their own agricultural machinery and implements. 2. Background papers dealing with such subjects as the use of tractors in developing countries, design of tillage, plant protection and harvesting equip- ment, manufacturing, marketing, service and maintenance, had been pre- pared by experts and distributed to the participants before the meeting. 3. The meeting agreed that the time is ripe to expand rapidly the facilities for the manufacture, distribution, repair and maintenance of agricultural machinery and implements in the developing countries. An indigenous agri- cultural machinery industry can help in the mechanization of agriculture, provide a nucleus of industrialization and assist in the creation of techno- logical and business skills through the countryside. 4. It is urgent that UNIDO prepare guide-lines to assist developing countries in formulating long-term plans for the development and utilization of agri- cultural machinerv. UNIDO should be prepared to assist at all stages in the setting up and operation of an agricultural machinerv and implement industry. Immediate field action-oriented projects are recommended. 11 Part I RECOMMENDATIONS Introduction ."). The- Expert (¡roup Mi «iLiiii un \gi '¡cultural Machinery Industry recognized that tilt- developing countries should step up their activities in the field of agricultural machinery- and implements1 directed towards the "Total Manu- facturing Sector", including adaptation, design, development, manufacture, quality control, cost control, testing, research, marketing, repaii' and maintenance etc. It is urgent that l'NIDO prepare guide-lines to assist developing countries in formulating long-term plans for the development and utilization of agricultural machinery. I NIDO should he prepared to assist at all stages in the setting up and operation of an agricultural machinery and implement industry in order to ensure the success of the industry as a growth point for industrialization