Index to Precedent Decisions

Interim Decisions 2526 to 3642

This index covers Interim Decisions 2526 through 3642 distributed in loose-leaf form prior to their publication in bound volumes and supersedes the previous index in Volume 23. See Volume 15 for the cumulative index to Volumes 1 through 15.

A prior acquisition of lawful permanent resident status bars eligibility for; ABANDONMENT OF PERMANENT #3586 RESIDENCE: see Lawful permanent waiver of inadmissibility: see waivers: resident sec. 209(c) ACCOMPANYING OR FOLLOWING sec. 210(a), 1952 Act, as amended: see TO JOIN: Legalization: special agricultural worker accompanying relative, question of; #3005 sec. 214(d), 1952 Act, as amended: see derivative status, eligibility for; #3153 Nonimmigrant: specific classification: nonimmigrant preceded principal alien fiancé to U.S.; #3005 sec. 245, 1952 Act, as amended: ACCREDITATION OF REPRESENTA- accompanying relative preceded princi - TIVES: see Recognition and accreditation pal alien to U.S. as nonimmigrant, ADDRESS REPORTING REQUIRE- eligibility for; #3005 MENTS: “admission” made at time of; #3384 exemption from; #3458 assimilation to position of alien seeking in absentia removal not authorized by admission to U.S.; #2578, 2640, 2845, violation of; #3458 2976, 3153, 3184, 3191, 3213, 3272, noncompliance with; #3205, 3458 3320, 3384 ADJUSTMENT OF STATUS: see also “clear ineligibility” as standard for Exclusion grounds denial of adjournment or reopening; Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992: #2684, 2740, 3173, 3640 in conjunction with sec. 245(i) concurrent application for sec. 212(c) application; #3533 relief; #3213, 3260, 3320, 3505 requirements for eligibility: conditional grant of adjustment inspected and admitted; #3533 improper; #2755 sec. 1, Act of Nov. 2, 1966: conditional permanent resident: see effective date of acquisition of lawful Conditional permanent resident permanent resident status; #3069, conviction: see Conviction of crime; 3092 Crime involving moral turpitude jurisdiction of Immigration Judge to deportable offense not a ground of consider application for; #3450, 3639 exclusion as basis for ineligibility; statute of limitations for rescission #2640, 3191, 3200, 3213 of adjustment of Cuban aliens; #2627 discretion: sec. 13, Act of September 11, 1957: criteria for exercise of; #2530, 2750, immediate family of principal alien 2866, 2928, 3036, 3272, 3640 admitted under sec. 101(a)(15)(G)(i), fifth amendment claim, effect on; eligibility of derivative child; #2877 #2607 sec. 107, Act of October 28, 1977: preconceived intent as factor: see visa petition not required for spouse Adjustment of status: sec. 245, of Indochinese refugee; #2676 1952 Act, as amended: pre- sec. 203(g) and (h), 1952 Act, as conceived intent amended: to grant continuance or motion to period of parole required; #2806 reopen when application filed sec. 209, 1952 Act, as amended: simultaneously with visa petition; asylee; #2857, 2905, 2922, 2958, 3118, #2634, 2684, 3173, 3640 3163, 3499 unauthorized employment, effect of; jurisdiction; #3499 #2530, 2628, 2821

1001 discretionary denial; #2530, 2551, visa availability; #2616, 2619, 2634, 2556, 2607, 2818, 2866, 2928 2697, 2740, 3173, 3184, 3191, discretionary grant; #2628, 2750, 2821 3213, 3272, 3335, 3449, 3527, entry not made at time of; #2976, 3177, 3539, 3551, 3640 3191 rescission of: see Rescission of adjust- exchange visitor: see Nonimmigrant: ment of status specific classification retroactive, authority to grant; #3153 exclusion proceedings, availability in; sec. 245(i); #3235, 3335, 3501, 3524, #2598, 3010, 3279 3531, 3533, 3577, 3590, 3591 fiancé, requirements for eligibility as: Silva aliens found excludable require see Nonimmigrant: specific motion by Service to hold adjustment classification: fiancé application in abeyance; #3010 ineligibility for: simultaneous filing; #2634, 2684, alien in violation of sec. 242B; #3253 2734, 2738, 2740, 3021, 3173 failure to maintain lawful status; special agricultural worker: see #3501 Legalization jurisdiction; #2598, 2616, 2642, 2740, unauthorized employment: 2908, 3279, 3561, 3639 alien within provisions of sec. labor certification: see also Labor 245(c), question of; #2530, 2588, certification 2623, 2628, 2639, 2734, 2738, does not operate as employment 2798, 2808, 2821, 2897, 2915, authorization under sec. 245(c)(2); 2955, 3036 #2639, 2734 effect on discretion: see Adjustment exemption from, question of: see of status: sec. 245, 1952 Act, as Labor certification amended: discretion investor exemption, effect of filing date of application; #2734, amended regulations on application 2738 filed prior to amendment; #2581 immediate relative, question of lawful permanent resident in deporta- viability of marriage; #2798 tion proceedings, eligibility for; management of qualifying investment #2555, 2568, 2845, 3213, 3272, 3568 not employment; #2776 marriage: minister or missionary, duties and entered into while alien in proceed- activities of; #2897, 2915, 2955 ings; #3034, 3173, 3394, 3463 waivers of inadmissibility: see Waivers: viability at time of adjustment, sec. 212(c), sec. 212(e), sec. 212(h) question of; #2798, 2811 sec. 249, 1952 Act, as amended: preconceived intent; #2551, 2556, good moral character; #3156 2750, 2866, 2928, 3036 requirements for eligibility; #3156 refugee; #2563, 2619, 2740, 3414 residence, continuous; #3070 removal proceedings, availability in; ADMINISTRATIVE NOTICE: see Board #3450, 3639 of Immigration Appeals; Immigration Judge renewal of application; #3533, 3639 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE ACT: reopening of proceedings to apply for: immigration proceedings exempt from see Motions: reopening of proceed- hearing requirements; #3105 ings notice of proposed rulemaking require- requirements for eligibility: ment; #2625 admissibility: see also Exclusion ADMISSIBILITY: see Application for grounds; #2619, 2634, 2740, 3123, admission to United States; Exclusion; 3173, 3184, 3191, 3200, 3213, Exclusion grounds; Inadmissibility 3272, 3335, 3424, 3449, 3524, grounds; Returning lawful permanent 3531, 3590, 3591, 3640 resident application made; #3173, 3191, ADMISSION: see also Adjustment of 3213, 3272, 3335, 3449, 3527 status; Application for admission to United approved visa petition; #2555, 2634, States; Entry 2740, 3173, 3191, 3200, 3527, adjustment of status as constituting; 3533, 3640 #3384, 3513, 3531 eligibility through time of adjudi- defined; #2775, 3157, 3333, 3384, 3477, cation; #3153, 3335, 3449, 3527, 3513 3640 seeking, exceptions for certain lawful inspected and admitted; #2634, 2775, permanent residents; #3386 3147, 3184, 3213, 3272, 3335, ADOPTION: see Child: adopted 3533, 3590, 3640 AGGRAVATED FELONY: see Bond, delivery; Cancellation of removal;

1002 Conviction of crime; Persecution; fact-finding; #3478, 3525, 3608, 3609, Suspension of deportation, Voluntary 3630, 3634 departure; Waivers: sec. 212(c) fee waiver request; #2964, 2970 AIDING AND ABETTING: see Convic- frivolous or filed solely for purpose of tion of crime; Crime involving moral tur- delay: see Appeal: summary dismissal pitude; Smuggling aliens for gain from: ALIENAGE: see also Burden of proof automatic revocation of visa petition; presumption of: see Evidence: presump- #2998 tions denial of deferred action status; #2930 proof of: interlocutory order: admission by attorney; #2547 appeal from not required to preserve admission by respondent; #2717 objections to; #3472 immigrant visa; #2559 criteria for consideration by Board; silence of alien; #3143 #2728, 2785, 2892, 2909, 2973, 3063, ALIEN COMING TEMPORARILY TO 3064, 3091, 3133, 3143, 3163, 3168, PERFORM SERVICES: see Nonimmi- 3174, 3259, 3472, 3561 grant: specific classification: worker specific issues: coming temporarily to perform services administrative closing of case; ALIEN OF DISTINGUISHED MERIT #3063, 3064, 3135, 3136, 3259 AND ABILITY: see Nonimmigrant: change of venue; #2728, 2785, 2892, specific classification: worker coming 2909, 3133, 3174 temporarily to perform services: conditional grant of waiver; #3168 distinguished merit and ability continuance to establish rehabilita- ALIEN REGISTRATION: tion; #3168 duty to carry and exhibit to Service eligibility for withholding of deporta- officer upon request; #2647 tion; #3163 ALIEN WITH EXTRAORDINARY jurisdiction on remand for background ABILITY: see Quota preference: checks; #3561 employment-based motion to reconsider; #3259 AMERICAN INDIANS BORN IN motion to reopen; #2973 CANADA: preliminary finding of deportability; deportability and excludability; #2664 #3131, 3143 AMICUS CURIAE: issue not raised below; #3291 role of; #2704 mootness, question of; #3128, 3259, ANNULMENT: see Marriage 3395 APPEAL: notice of; #2638 adequacy of stated reasons for appeal; objections not raised below; #2756, 3134 #2954, 3006, 3128, 3039, 3077, 3128, oral argument, denial of; #3039 3181 proper filing; #3323 affirmance without opinion; #3548 record; #2540, 2541, 2591, 2638, 2804, briefs; #2540, 2541, 2638, 3006, 3077, 2954, 3077, 3257, 3258 3126, 3142, 3510 right to; #2878, 3206, 3448 by: Service appeal of deportation charges not beneficiary of denied visa petition; sustained by Immigration Judge; #3220 #2999 service of decision on withdrawn counsel; Service; #2638 #3135 “clearly erroneous” standard of review; summary dismissal: #3495, 3523, 3563, 3608, 3609, 3628, inappropriate; #3053 3630, 3634, 3638 reasons for: continuances: see Fair hearing: adjourn- conceded fact or law; #3095 ment of hearing failure to specify reasons; #3006, de novo review; #2878, 3134, 3177, 3039, 3059, 3077, 3128, 3181, 3472 3229, 3276, 3336, 3338, 3478, 3488, frivolous or filed for delay; #3015, 3495, 3496, 3563, 3601, 3608, 3609, 3025 3628, 3634 requested relief was granted; #3141 departure from U.S., effect of; #2834, transcript; #2954, 3077 3128, 3259 timeliness of; #2944, 3042, 3169, 3206, determination of conditions of release 3323, 3343, 3448, 3472, 3487, 3540 from custody; #2891, 3301, 3302, 3313 transcript; #2591, 2599, 2638, 2804, dismissal of renders Immigration Judge 2954, 3077, 3143 order final; #3253 voluntary departure, grant of: evidence submitted on: see Evidence effect of appeal on; #2572 effect of frivolous appeal on; #3015

1003 waiver of; #3206, 3429, 3431, 3441, BIRTH CERTIFICATE: see also Visa 3448 petition: evidence withdrawal of; #3105, 3128, 3395, 3626 delayed: see Citizenship; Visa petition: APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION TO evidence: birth records UNITED STATES: use of birth certificate not belonging to abandoned or withdrawn, when deemed; alien’s wife to obtain visa as spouse; #2614, 2984 #2544 admissibility determined on law and facts BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS: existing at time application finally see also Appeal; Motions considered; #2911, 2961, 3184, 3219 administrative notice; #3104, 3182, 3204, authority to adjudicate; #3111 3251, 3303, 3530, 3563 withdrawal of, grant of permission for: affirmance without opinion: see Appeal concurrence of Service; #3283 Attorney General: factors to be considered; #3047 authority delegated by; #3105, 3106, when concurrence of Service may be 3153, 3192, 3199, 3262, 3411, 3488, necessary; #3047 3518 ARMED FORCES OF UNITED decisions of, binding on; #2968, 3192, STATES: see Exclusion grounds 3199, 3243, 3243, 3267, 3291, 3488, ARREST: 3532, 3542, 3611 legality irrelevant if deportability estab- effect on decisions certified to; #3269, lished by evidence unrelated to the 3345, 3488, 3506, 3518, 3605 arrest; #2538, 2547, 2596 policy guidelines for Service, applica- legality of, question of; #2527, 2536, bility to; #3107 2538, 2582, 2596, 2647, 2778, 2784 regulations of, binding on; #3105, ARRIVING ALIEN: 3106, 3176, 3215, 3261, 3262, 3317, adjustment of status; #3450, 3639 3368, 3532, 3626 bond; #3344 standard of review; #3488, 3515, 3535 defined; #3344, 3568, 3571 authority to: ASYLUM: see Pesecution: asylum, perse- apply equitable estoppel; #3153, 3396 cution claim, specific countries engage in fact-finding; #3478, 3525, ATTORNEYS AND REPRESENTA- 3563, 3591, 3608, 3609, 3630 TIVES: see also Recognition and extend time to file an appeal; #3540 accreditation grant equitable exceptions to penalties actions binding on client; #3011, 3059, for failure to voluntarily depart; #3552 3367 grant relief without background checks; attorney fees (EAJA); #3105, 3106 #3526 counsel, right to: see Due process: increase level of attorney discipline; counsel #3496 deficient performance of; #3632 remand for factfinding; #3515 definition of attorney; #3237 sua sponte reopen or reconsider cases; disciplinary proceedings: #3323, 3352, 3409, 3418, 3425, 3626 burden of proof: see Burden of proof waive “material support” bar; #3605 grounds for; #2624, 2722, 3237, 3496, certification: 3521, 3547, 3580, 3583, 3633 by Board to review appeal by benefi- reinstatement after discipline; #3582, ciary of visa petition; #2999 3583 by Board to review Service’s withdrawn frivolous applications, duty not to file; appeal; #3302 #3367 discretion; #3472 ineffective assistance of counsel: see exceptional circumstances; #3540 Due process: counsel “clearly erroneous” standard review: see “limited” appearance of counsel; #3011, Appeal 3312 court review of decisions, limited scope notice of entry of appearance; #3237 of; #2878 notice to serves as notice to client; court ruling, effect on Board: #2992, 3142, 3296, 3312, 3628 circuit court of appeals; #2564, 2819, right to counsel: see Due process: 3105, 3152, 3161, 3176, 3177, 3209, counsel 3220, 3254, 3262, 3297, 3364, 3422, statements by counsel not evidence; 3453, 3468, 3473, 3487, 3537, 3592, #2820, 2951, 3042 3621, 3624, 3637 withdrawal from representation; #3064, district court: 3135, 3162, 3199 cases arising within same district; #2539, 3209, 3542 B

1004 where appeal is pending in circuit director: court; #2539 deportation; #2666, 2820, 2848, in extradition proceedings; #2831, 3400 3152, 3185, 3267, 3268, 3366 Supreme Court remand to circuit court; rescission; #3056 #2819 interlocutory appeal: see Appeal: inter- decisions of as “actions taken”; #3321, locutory order 3412, 3416 motion to reconsider dismissal of de novo review: see Appeal untimely appeal; #3343 DHS memoranda not binding on; #3590 motion to reopen after jurisdiction dismissal of appeal renders Immigration divested by remand; #2670 Judge order final; #3253 motion to reopen or reconsider after excludability, duty to find if evidence alien’s departure; #2747, 3227, 3259, supports allegations of; #3282 3666, 3457, 3626 Executive Office for Immigration Review; naturalization eligibility; #3555 #3142, 3229, 3259, 3488 parole; #2614, 2753, 2847, 2927, independent of Service; #3142, 3229, 3152, 3282 3235, 3259 permission to reapply after deporta- jurisdiction of defined by regulations; tion; #2723, 3268 #2999, 3365, 3366 precertification under Schedule A; jurisdiction, question of authority to #2642 consider: refugee classification; #2571, 2619, abandonment of lawful permanent 2740, 2986, 3118 resident status in visa petition regulations, validity of; #3105, 3106, proceedings; #2655, 3173 3153, 3180 adjustment of status; #2740, 3153, reinstatement of nonimmigrant status; 3279 #2625, 2848 appeal by beneficiary of visa petition; reinstatement of prior order of removal; #2999 #3366, 3557 appeal from exclusion order; #2753 rescission of adjustment of status by appeal from in absentia order; #3198, special agricultural worker; #3419 3392 rescission order of district director; appeal from sec. 242B in absentia #3115 order; #3266 special immigrant status; #2673 applicability of Fleuti doctrine to “successive” asylum applications; #3589 returning legalization applicant; #3282 temporary resident status; #3154, 3282 asylum application; #2571, 2857, 2922, time-barred motion to remand; #3409 2958, 3118 Torture Convention application; #3365 attorney discipline; #3496, 3580 untimely appeal; #2944, 3540 attorney fees request (EAJA); #3105, visa petition; #3173, 3351 3106 voluntary departure: automatic revocation of visa petition; denial of prehearing grant or post- #2998, 3031 hearing extension; #2625, 2834 bond; #2890, 2891, 2910, 3152, 3301, setting of terms and conditions for; 3306, 3387, 3398, 3417, 3451 #2572, 3511 collateral attack on conviction; #3158, waived appeal; #3206, 3429, 3431, 3180 3448 constitutionality of statute; #2571, waiver: 2604, 2929, 3083, 3105, 3106, 3152, sec. 209(c); #3414 3153, 3180, 3297, 3318, 3320, 3322, sec. 212(d)(3)(B); #3114 3364, 3385, 3387, 3400, 3413, 3473 sec. 212(d)(4)(A); #2911, 2961 crewman’s admissibility; #2659 sec. 216(c)(4); #3231 custody status, change of; #2890, 2891, Operations Instructions, not binding on; 2910, 3152, 3427 #2750, 2866, 2892, 3190 deferred action status; #2930, 3078 precedent decisions; #2923, 3345, 3518, extended voluntary departure; #2625, 3542 2930, 3078 role of; #3142, 3246 extension of stay application; #2848 Service Commissioner, opinion of, not fines, imposition of; #2894 binding on; #3372, 3380, 3597 guilt of convicted alien; #2663, 2715, Service General Counsel, opinion of, not 3134, 3158, 3180, 3218 binding on; #3215 implementation of policy matters by standard of review; #3229, 3338, 3478, regulation; #3074 3496, 3523, 3563, 3586, 3590, 3608, institution of proceedings by district 3609

1005 Service memoranda not binding on; #3597 redetermination hearing is separate from unpublished decision, effect of; #2878, deportation proceedings; #2599, 3159, 3138, 3173 3165, 3544 BOND, DELIVERY: redetermination hearing is separate from aggravated felon, eligibility for; #3131, removal proceedings; #3417, 3495 3137, 3155, 3176, 3197, 3221, 3301, stay of release order; #3387, 3398 3313, 3387, 3398, 3417, 3427, 3451 Visa Waiver Program; #3263 authority to: BOND, MAINTENANCE OF STATUS determine or review conditions of re- AND DEPARTURE: see also Voluntary lease; #2661, 2890, 2891, 2910, 2931, Departure 3124, 3139, 3152, 3165, 3301, 3306, appeal of decision to breach bond, proper 3344, 3387, 3398, 3417, 3451, 3488, party to; #2759 3510, 3544, 3620, 3634 breach, question of; #2759, 2863 revoke bond after redetermination hear- BOND, PUBLIC CHARGE: ing; #2851 breach of; #2991 breach for failure to surrender: demand for repayment not required; failure to produce alien upon each de- #2991 mand; #2567, 2972 BROTHER OR SISTER: see Child; petition for writ of habeas corpus; Marriage; Parent effect of alien’s filing; #2972 BURDEN OF PROOF: substantial performance of bond, ques- attorney or representative disciplinary tion of; #2942, 2972 proceedings; #2624, 3237, 3521, 3547, substantial violation of conditions of 3580, 3633 bond; #2567, 2972 bond proceedings; #3155, 3197, 3221, commencement of proceedings; #3139 3304, 3398, 3417, 3427, 3544 condition barring unauthorized employ- deportation proceedings: ment: admissibility of a document; #2536, factors considered in imposing; #2890, 2725, 2778, 2820, 3054 2910 citizenship, U.S., claimed; #2536, 2593, improperly imposed pursuant to regula- 2601, 2748, 3454, 3603 tion no longer in effect; #2977 clear, unequivocal, and convincing injunction against enforcement of con- evidence; #2536, 2544, 2689, 2690, trolling regulation, effect of; #2977 2748, 2813, 2986, 3075, 3099, 3143, custody, question of: 3176, 3184, 3213, 3273, 3274, 3275, conditions on release from detention; 3277, 3293, 3376, 3400, 3416 #3634 conditional permanent resident status, detainer; #3139, 3634 termination of; #3151 discretionary determination; #3488, 3544 fifth amendment claim, effect of; eligibility for release after expiration of #2536, 3143 removal period; #3427 going forward to rebut prima facie factors considered in custody determina- showing by Service; #2544 tion after expiration of removal period; materiality of misrepresentation; #2732 #3427 presumption under sec. 291: see also factors considered in determining bond; Deportation grounds: entry without #2661, 2744, 2851, 2890, 2910, 2931, inspection, excludable at entry 3037, 3165, 3255, 3301, 3302, 3313, applicable to any charge relating to 3417, 3488, 3510, 3544 time, place, or manner of entry; hearing, right to; #3488, 3634 #2979 mandatory detention, question of; #3387, examples of charges to which pre- 3398, 3417, 3438, 3451, 3469, 3510, sumption applies; #2979 3558, 3620 shifts burden to alien once alienage modification not limited; #2910, 3124, established; #2536, 2547, 2559, 3306 2601, 2717, 2725, 2979, 3277, motion to reopen; #3124, 3255 3293, 3397, 3454 notice to obligor to surrender alien, ade- silence insufficient to shift burden; quacy of; #2567 #3143 procedures for determining conditions of discretionary/mandatory relief: release; #2890, 2891, 2910, 2931, 3124, adjustment of status; #2530, 2607, 3165, 3255, 3301, 3302, 3313, 3417 2646, 2775, 2807, 3123, 3191, 3463, reasons for determination must be stated 3527 by district director; #2931

1006 asylum and withholding of deportation removability; #3425, 3562 or removal; #2679, 2695, 2831, 2847, rescission proceedings; #2610, 3056, 2872, 2884, 2905, 2914, 2927, 2958, 3152, 3419 2967, 2974, 2986, 2996, 3028, 3033, standards of proof compared; #3083, 3040, 3041, 3050, 3104, 3107, 3118, 3151 3121, 3122, 3127, 3162, 3170, 3182, Torture Convention relief; #3430, 3464, 3204, 3215, 3251, 3276, 3278, 3287, 3466, 3471, 3472, 3480, 3532, 3579, 3303, 3307, 3308, 3311, 3334, 3336, 3609 3337, 3338, 3339, 3368, 3403, 3433, visa petition proceedings: 3472, 3492, 3515, 3523, 3534, 3569, adoption; #3117, 3129 3575, 3576, 3584, 3599, 3608, 3617, burden on petitioner; #2558, 2566, 3618, 3622 2618, 2620, 2621, 2626, 2629, 2641, burden of production; #3638 2643, 2656, 2657, 2672, 2690, 2698, cancellation of removal: 2712, 2757, 2790, 2799, 2813, 2830, sec. 240A(a); #3460 2864, 2871, 2887, 2895, 2901, 2951, sec. 240A(b); #3447, 3467, 3638 2953, 2966, 3030, 3067, 3076, 3081, filing date of application governs appli- 3083, 3112, 3117, 3129, 3160, 3328, cability of REAL ID Act; #3638 3329, 3347, 3351, 3378, 3606 permission to reapply for admission; citizenship; #2681, 2968, 2983 #3114 common law marriage; #2677 registry; #3156 foreign law; #2620, 2698, 2830, 2864, suspension of deportation; #3004, 2871, 2887, 2895, 2953, 3244, 3606 3230, 3309, 3446 lawful permanent resident status; voluntary departure; #2613, 2832, #2690, 2813, 3083 3151, 3169, 3245 marriage; #2951, 3042, 3081, 3083, waivers: 3086, 3100, 3140, 3173, 3203, 3358, sec. 212(c); #2666, 2703, 2926, 3577 3058, 3069, 3148, 3229, 3272, 3340 relationship previously undisclosed; sec. 212(h); #3272 #3160 sec. 216(c)(4); #3383 revocation of visa petition approval; sec. 241(f)(2); #3075 #3029, 3051, 3130 exclusion proceedings: standard of proof; #3083, 3160, 3328, burden to establish: 3329 admissibility; #2533, 2660, 2716, BUSINESS VISITOR: see Nonimmigrant: 2829, 2861, 2885, 2911, 2958, 3024, specific classification: visitor: business 3079, 3111, 3162, 3219, 3282 impropriety of exclusion proceed- C ings; #2913, 2927, 3208, 3215 going forward to rebut prima facie CANCELLATION OF REMOVAL: see showing by alien; #3111 also Discretionary relief returning resident: sec. 240A(a): burden on Service; #2650, 2741, aggravated felon; #3342, 3386, 3482, 2813, 3079, 3215 3592, 3593 standard of proof; #3079 burden of proof: see Burden of proof expatriation; #2593, 2650, 2983 continuous residence; #3389, 3428, fine proceedings; #3190, 3304 3477, 3491, 3542, 3543, 3572 foreign law; #3118 discretion, factors considered; #3342 frivolous asylum claim; #3563 lawfully admitted for permanent resi- legalization; #3113, 3205 dence; #3342, 3486, 3572 motions; #3425, 3463, 3575, 3578 rehabilitation; #3342 recognition and accreditation proceed- sec. 240A(b): ings; #3210 continuous physical presence; #3389, removal proceedings: 3428, 3447, 3475, 3500, 3516, 3517, alien: 3528, 3565, 3619 :finding of removability shifts burden; convicted of specified offense; #3570, #3425 3613, 3638 presumption under sec. 291 shifts exceptional and extremely unusual hard- burden once alienage established; ship; #3447, 3467, 3479, 3528 #3483 good moral character: see also Crime in- citizenship, U.S., claimed; #3612 volving moral turpitude; Good moral crime involving moral turpitude; #3631 character Service: calculation of period of; 3516, 3528, notice provided; #3483, 3484 3565

1007 qualifying relatives; #3528 natural parent; #2945, 3207 CERTIFICATION OF SEC. OF LABOR: illegitimate child as; #2854 see Adjustment of status: labor certification; illegitimate (born out of wedlock): Labor certification legal differences from legitimate chil- CHILD: see also Minor dren abolished: adopted: specific jurisdictions: abuse of immigration laws as concern; Barbados; #2935 #2899, 3207 Cape Verde; #2952 adoption by power of attorney; #2620 Colombia; #2953 barred from conferring benefits on Cuba; #2941 natural parent; #3207 Dominican Republic; #3294, 3329 jurisdiction of state court where child El Salvador; #3459 resides elsewhere; #2584 Guatemala; #2712 legal custody and/or residence require- Guyana; #3216, 3536 ments; #2577, 2686, 2801, 2971, 3051, Haiti; #2898, 2919, 2956 3117, 3129 Honduras; #2687 legislative history; #3129 Jamaica; #3612 orphan, adoption of by U.S. citizen; People’s Republic of China; #2682 #2764 Peru; #3347 parental control; #3117, 3129 Puerto Rico; #2731 “proxy” adoption, effect of; #2577 Republic of Trinidad and Tobago; sibling of child adopted under 16 years of #3076 age; #3597 Yugoslavia; #2799 sibling relationship, question of; status sought by siblings with common #2737, 3207, 3351 father through relationship to natural specific jurisdictions, adoption in: mother as stepmother; #2645 Burma; #2553 status sought by virtue of relationship China; #2558, 2649, 2887, 2966, to natural father after 1986 amendment: 3051 bona fide parent-child relationship, Colorado; #2764 question of; #3061, 3112, 3328, 3329 Dominica, West Indies; #2901 petition pending on effective date of Haiti; #2686 amendment, effect of; #3023, 3061 Hawaii; #2584 imputation of parent’s lawful permanent India: residence to; #3572, 3619 Hindu law; #2620, 2801 legitimate or legitimated: Moslem law; #2975 beneficiary over 18 at time of legitima- Korea; #2577, 2606 tion; #2586, 2600, 2603, 2645, 2852, Mexico: 2935, 2953, 3329 Chihuahua; #2705 legal custody requirement; #2636, Coahuila; #2580 2730, 2802, 2919, 3378 Tamaulipas; #2630, 2896 legitimate, definition of; #2621, 2626, People’s Republic of China; #2887, 2641, 2712, 2731, 2799, 2822, 2953, 2966 3023 Philippines; #2869, 2971, 3117, legitimated, definition of; #2822, 3328, 3129 3347, 3459 Tonga; #2698, 2899 petition pending at time of legitimation, termination of adoption, effect of; effect of; #2880 #2737, 3244 requirements for legitimation; #2822, validity of, governed by place of adop- 3328, 3329, 3347, 3378, 3459 tion; #2630, 2705, 2975 residence or domicile in jurisdiction age of for classification as immediate rel- prior to child’s 18th birthday; #3020, ative determined by date visa petition was 3329 filed; #3551 rights of legitimated child retroactive definition of, for purposes of establish- to date of birth; #2600, 2603 ing sibling relationship; #2531, 2558, specific jurisdictions: 2560, 2618, 2643, 2645, 2737, 2754, Bolivia; #2824 2882, 3207 California; #2636, 2816, 2874 eligible orphan: Cape Verde; #2952 adopted in U.S. after parole; ineligible China; #2603, 2682 under sec. 101(b)(1)(F); #2764 Colombia; #2953 adoption not completed after entry into Cuba; #2941 the U.S.; #2655, 2945 Curacao, Netherlands Antilles; #2882 barred from conferring benefits on

1008 Dominican Republic; #2641, 2822, by birth in the U.S., “Horcon Tract”; 3061, 3294, 3329 #2748 Ecuador; #2545, 2940 burden of proof: see Burden of proof El Salvador; #2586, 3459 citizenship clause of U.S. Constitution, Guatemala; #2712 meaning of; #2748 Guyana; #3216, 3536 country of, for designation of place of Haiti; #2830, 2898, 2919, 2956 deportation: see Place of deportation Hawaii; #2626 delayed birth certificate, as proof of; Honduras; #2687 #2681 Illinois; #2898 derivative; #3316, 3454, 3536, 3603, 3612, Jamaica; #2643, 2852, 3612 3621, 3642 Korea; #2606 dual nationality: Maryland; #2730 relinquishment of U.S. citizenship, Massachusetts; #2946 question of; #2593 Mexico; #2629, 2871 treaty investor status, effect on; #2947 Michigan; #2603 treaty trader status, effect on; #2774 Netherlands Antilles; #2882 ineligibility for: New Jersey; #2935, 3020 military service evasion; #3424 New York; #2621, 2641, 2953, 2956, loss of citizenship: 3061 effect of crimes committed while lawful Panama; #2683 permanent resident; #3604 Peru; #2574, 2959, 3347 legitimation of child acquiring citizen- Philippines; #2626, 2636 ship through mother; #2548 Puerto Rico; #2731 naturalization in foreign state: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago; accompanied by: #3076 oath of allegiance; #2593 Virgin Islands; #2600 State Department affidavit; #2983 Yugoslavia; #2799 renunciation of U.S. citizenship, formal; parents, deportation of, does not deprive #2650 child of constitutional rights; #2539 retention requirements; #2816 stepchild: voluntariness, question of; #2593, adulterine child, qualification as; #2754 2650, 2983 beneficiary under 18 years of age when proof of, by U.S. passport; #2968 relationship created; #2560, 2844 CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: see Evi- criteria for determining existence dence: admissibility; Visa petition: evidence of step-relationship; #2720, 2754, COLLATERAL ESTOPPEL: see Estop- 2792, 2844, 2882, 3056 pel: collateral derivative citizenship; #3642 COMMERCIAL OR AGRICULTURAL illegitimacy of child; #2618, 2645, ENTERPRISE: see Labor certification 2720, 2754, 2792, 2840, 2844 COMMUTER: marriage creating relationship: applicability of Fleuti doctrine; #2576 nonviable; #2846 loss of lawful permanent resident status, not recognized by state law; #2672 question of: sham; #3056, 3129 abandonment of domicile in U.S.; terminated; #2846 #2579, 2751, 2926 requirement for stepparent-stepchild employment, part-time; #2652 relationship: CONDITIONAL PERMANENT RESI- active parental interest; #2720, 2749, DENT: see also Deportation grounds; 2754, 2792 Waivers: sec. 216(c)(4) close family unit; #2618 adjustment of status; #3150 marriage only; #2840, 2844 deportability of: see Deportation grounds petition for mother no bar to step- hardship waiver: see Waivers: sec. mother petition; #2749 216(c)(4) polygamous marriage, question of; joint petition; #3151, 3224, 3231, 3233, #2656, 2749 3240, 3383 sibling relationship, question of; #2560, notice of termination of status; #3151, 2618, 2645, 2754, 2882 3224, 3238, 3383 widow or widower, classification of child CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS: see also of; #3421 Due process CITIZENSHIP: equal protection not denied by differ- acquisition of: ing rules in different judicial districts; at birth by child born abroad; #2816 #2792 ex post facto laws; #3180, 3242, 3364

1009 right against self-incrimination; #2527, persecution claim: see Persecution: 2536, 2559, 2582, 2585, 2596, 2607, persecution claim: exemptions from 2622, 2647, 2717, 2725, 2820, 2969, eligibility for relief 2979, 3011, 3054, 3143 question whether crime relates to: rights of: alien smuggling; #3376, 3391 aliens who have not made entry; #2571, specific offenses: 2847, 3400 aiding and abetting illegal entry; minor children not affected by deporta- #3391 tion of parents; #2539 attempt; #3181, 3379, 3437 returning lawful permanent resident; bringing illegal alien into U.S.; #3386 #3079 burglary of a vehicle; #3432 CONSTITUTIONALITY OF STATUTES: conspiracy; #3181, 3586, 3600 deportability for criminal offenses; crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. #2929, 3152 § 16: jurisdiction of Board to consider: see definition; #3220, 3223, 3341, Board of Immigration Appeals 3373, 3390, 3410, 3412, 3468, jurisdiction of Immigration Judge to con- 3481, 3497, 3498 sider: see Immigration Judge divisible statute; #3390, 3497, 3498 jurisdiction of Service to consider; #3052 specific offenses: new immigration consequences may aggravated driving under the attach to past conduct; #3364 influence; #3341 sec. 101(b)(1)(C) and (D); #2603 armed robbery; #3223, 3374 sec. 212(c); #3318 arson; #3373 CONTINUANCE: see Fair hearing: ad- assault and battery with a dan- journment of hearing gerous weapon; #3218, 3223 CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE: assault, third degree (intentional see Persecution: persecution claim: Torture physical injury); #3481 Convention criminal contempt; #3410 CONVICTION OF CRIME: criminally negligent child abuse; aggravated felony: #3390 bar to discretionary relief from removal; domestic battery; #3537 #3586 driving while intoxicated; #3412, concurrent sentences as aggregate term 3445, 3453, 3468 of imprisonment; #3410 manslaughter: definition; #3131, 3148, 3152, 3155, first degree; #3497 3163, 3176, 3181, 3200, 3223, 3234, involuntary; #3220 3254, 3261, 3270, 3297, 3317, 3321, second degree; #3472 3341, 3370, 3373, 3376, 3390, 3391, robbery with a deadly weapon 3411, 3412, 3416, 3422, 3437, 3440, (handgun); #3322 3443, 3461, 3468, 3473, 3474, 3476, second degree manslaughter; 3481, 3482 #3472 “described in,” meaning of; #3440, sexual abuse of a minor; #3476 3461 stalking; #3498 detention upon completion of sen- statutory rape; #3270 tence; #3137 terrorism; #3317 divisible statute; #3456, 3498, 3556, 3585, unauthorized use of a vehicle; 3638 #3514 enhanced penalties for violation of drug offenses: see Conviction of immigration laws; #3176 crime: drug offenses inadmissibility, conviction for not a firearms trafficking; #3176 ground of; #3449 forgery; #3410 ineligibility for relief from deportation: fraud; #3379, 3585, 3586, 3596 see Cancellation of removal; murder; #3176, 3218 Persecution; Suspension of deportation; obstruction of justice; #3321, 3398 Voluntary departure; Waivers: sec. perjury; #3456 212(c), sec. 212(h) possession of firearm by a felon; “ineligible to citizenship,” question of; #3440, 3461 #3424 prostitution for commercial advantage, legislative history; #3137, 3146, 3317, transportation to engage in; #3556 3370, 3443, 3481 robbery with a deadly weapon; #3322 misdemeanor offense; #3443, 3474, sexual abuse of a minor; #3411, 3443, 3476, 3481, 3482, 3592, 3593, 3600 3457, 3476, 3523 nonpolitical crime of violence; #3164 theft offense:

1010 possession of stolen property; #3413, aiding and abetting; #3119, 3179 3437 attempt; #3178, 3179, 3321 prison term of at least 1 year; #3455, conspiracy; #3179, 3321 3522 facilitation; #3119, 3179, 3321 unlawful driving and taking of a misprision; #2601, 3179, 3321 vehicle; #3434, 3549, 3638 solicitation; #3179, 3321, 3637 welfare fraud; #3596 use of a controlled substance; trafficking in fraudulent documents; #3055, 3226 #3291 illicit possession or traffic in drugs: transporting illegal alien; #3376, misprision of felony relating to 3391 marijuana; #2601 standard for determining; #3432, 3556, possession of controlled substance; 3585, 3596 #2719 waiver: see Waivers: sec. 212(c), sec. unlawful carrying of firearm during 212(h) illicit possession of narcotic drug; cancellation of removal: see cancellation of #2678 removal use of communication facility to conviction not required to establish: further conspiracy to import deportability for smuggling aliens; cocaine; #2550 #2747 trafficking: excludability for drug trafficking; definition for determining aggravated #2576, 2707, 3181 felony; #3131, 3148, 3152, 3155, crime involving moral turpitude: see 3181, 3234, 3254, 3261, 3422, 3473, Crime involving moral turpitude 3474, 3482, 3592, 3593, 3600 crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 16: excludability absent conviction, see Conviction of crime: aggravated question of; #2576, 2707, 3239 felony: specific offenses enhancement of sentence: see Conviction deportability under: of crime: firearms violation, sentence sec. 241(a)(3)(B)(iii) for conviction; entry, use of any for basis of charge; #3291 #2751 sec. 241(a)(5) for conviction; #2617, expunction of crime involving moral 2640, 2980 turpitude, policy to defer deportation sec. 241(a)(14) for possession of proceedings pending; #2803, 3267 sawed-off shotgun; #2701 felony, definition of; #3181, 3220, 3234, domestic violence or child abuse; #3494, 3254, 3443, 3482, 3592, 3593 3537, 3610 final conviction for immigration pur- drug offenses: poses, question of: aggravated felony; #3131, 3146, 3148, adjudication of guilt or entry of judg- 3152, 3155, 3163, 3176, 3181, 3200, ment; #3044, 3248, 3364, 3507, 3607, 3234, 3254, 3261, 3321, 3422, 3462, 3641 3473, 3474, 3482, 3592, 3593, 3600 adjudication of guilt withheld; #2589, congressional policy; #2689, 2707, 2594, 2689, 2832, 2858, 2995, 3044, 2875, 2936, 2965, 2995, 3044, 3055, 3248, 3364, 3377, 3462, 3507 3102, 3131, 3137, 3152, 3226, 3229, court-martial conviction; #3607 3250, 3330, 3377, 3549 direct appellate review exhausted or conviction for crime involving: waived; #3044, 3177, 3232, 3245, discretionary relief, effect on appli- 3248, 3261, 3364, 3641 cation for; #2561, 2613, 2666, 3058, discretionary appellate review; #3232, 3148, 3176, 3229 3641 expunction of, effect on deporta- expunction of record of conviction; bility; #2537, 2543, 2875, 2936, #2537, 2543, 2875, 2936, 2965, 3044, 2965, 3044, 3267, 3325, 3377, 3462, 3250, 3267, 3325, 3377, 3462, 3507, 3593 3508, 3593 sec. 212(c) relief, effect on applica- Federal Youth Corrections Act; #2707, tion for in Ninth Circuit; #2819, 2875 3377 divisible statute; #2719 first offender statutes; #2589, 2594, guilty knowledge; #2561, 2613, 2706, 2689, 2832, 2858, 2875, 2936, 2965, 2786, 3226 2995, 3102, 3250, 3325, 3377, 3462 possession of minimal amount of mari- imposition of sentence suspended; juana; #2612, 3226, 3549, 3594 #2709, 3317 question whether crime relates to: judicial recommendation against controlled substance: deportation (JRAD): see Recommen- accessory after the fact; #3321 dation against deportation; #3607

1011 juvenile delinquency adjudication; use of firearm during drug-trafficking #3435 crime; #3200 nolo contendere plea; #2791, 3044 waiver of: see also Waivers: sec. post-conviction remedy sought; 212(c) #3177, 3213, 3261, 3377, 3379, 3641 in conjunction with adjustment pretrial intervention program; #3103 application; #3213, 3505 pronouncement of judgment sus- foreign conviction: pended; #2608 admission of foreign crime; #2861 punishment, penalty, or restraint on lib- amnesty; #3325 erty imposed, question of: authentication of foreign record; cost and surcharges; #3601 #2825 restitution; #3601 drug offense; #2561, 2613, 2706, right to consular notification under Vienna 2786, 3181, 3325 Convention, question of, #3607 expungement; #3325 specific jurisdictions: juvenile delinquency, question of; California; #2543, 2608, 2709 #2884, 2885 Colorado; #3248 pardon: Florida; #2858, 3103, 3601 conviction for crime involving moral Georgia; #2832 turpitude; #3043, 3325 Maryland; #3044, 3102 conviction for drug offense; #3325, Michigan; #2594 3493 New Hampshire; #2537 petty offense exception; #2715 New Jersey; #3232 U.S. standards govern; #2663, 2884, New York; #3436, 3641 2885, 3502 Ohio; #3525 guilt or innocence, inquiry into precluded; Oregon; #2936, 3502 #2663, 2715, 2823, 2859, 3068, 3134, Texas; #2965, 2995, 3364, 3462 3148, 3158, 3180, 3218, 3272, 3274, Virginia; #2689 3275, 3317, 3380, 3386, 3400, 3413, Washington; #2875 3641 Wisconsin; #2589 guilty plea: standard for determining: #3044, 3102, as admission of commission of crime 3103, 3364, 3377, 3578, 3607 involving moral turpitude; #2832, vacated conviction; #3377, 3436, 3493, 3638 3507, 3525, 3578, 3593 establishes elements of offense; #2859 “violation” adjudication; #3502 set aside after deportation; #2747 firearms violation: juvenile delinquency, question of; #2884, application of new statute to past con- 2885, 3435 victions; #3199, 3202, 3295 lawful permanent resident status: conviction necessary; #3194, 3273, admission of alien in, precludes later 3274, 3275 deportability under sec. 241(a)(5) for deportation ground only; #3191, 3192, conviction prior to entry; #2617 3202, 3243, 3295 effect of conviction on; #2925 discharge of firearm not required; effect of crimes committed by #3200 denaturalized alien while in; #3604 divisible statute; #3273, 3274, 3275 not terminated by conviction for enhancement of sentence as, question purposes of sec. 212(c) relief; #2703 of; #3189, 3200, 3201, 3202 legislative history; #3178, 3226, 3317, evidence to establish; #3273, 3274, 3364, 3377, 3435, 3549, 3641 3275 pardon: expunction of, effect on deportability; crime involving moral turpitude; #3043, #3267 3325 legality of acquisition irrelevant; domestic violence or child abuse; #3494 #3200 drug offense; #2543, 3325 procedure for determining; #3273, probation as a form of punishment or 3275 restraint; #3364 specific offenses: record of conviction: armed burglary; #3201 admissibility; #2559, 3125, 3273, 3274, attempt; #3178, 3295 3275, 3376, 3585, 3610 murder with a firearm; #3202 authentication of foreign record; #2825 possession; #3273, 3274, 3275 defined; #2685, 2719, 3273, 3274, robbery with a firearm; #3201 3275, 3376, 3416, 3585, 3586, 3631, trafficking: see Conviction of crime: 3638 aggravated felony

1012 transcript of criminal arraignment in- specific offenses: cluded; #2719 accessory; #3125 unnecessary for finding of inadmissi- aggravated driving while intoxicated; bility: #3423 crime involving moral turpitude; aggravated stalking; #3405 #2861 aiding and abetting; #3125, 3538 drug trafficking; #2576, 2707 assault: sentence: causing bodily harm; #3194, 3285, actually imposed; #3073, 3243, 3317 3537 concurrent; #3410, 3434 on police officer; #3068, 3537 confinement for a year or more; #2902, simple; #2791, 3068, 3125, 3194, 3317 3285, 3573, 3574 defined; #3137, 3321 with a deadly weapon; #2791, 3068, enhancement of; #3189, 3200, 3201, 3537 3202, 3592, 3593, 3594 with bodily harm to a spouse; #3491, execution of, suspended; #3073, 3243, 3537 3317 with intent to cause physical injury; imposition of, suspended; #2709, 3073, #3574 3243, 3317 with intent to commit felony; #3125 indeterminate; #3223, 3317 attempt: resentencing by trial court; #2902, generally; #3178, 3179, 3181 3435, 3455, 3522 grand larceny; #2721 waivers: see Waivers: sec. 212(c), battery: see also Conviction of crime: sec. 212(h), sec. 241(f)(2) domestic violence or child abuse; COUNSEL: see Attorneys and represen- Crime involving moral turpitude: tatives; Due process; Evidence; Fair specific offenses: assault, domestic hearing battery, willful infliction of corporal CREWMAN: see Exclusion proceedings: injury propriety of; Fine; Nonimmigrant: specific defined; #3537, 3573 classification; Suspension of deportation; burglary; #2559, 2841, 2885, 2906, Voluntary departure 3022, 3271, 3635 CRIME: see Bond, delivery; Conviction check, insufficient funds; #2721, 2791, of crime; Crime involving moral turpitude; 2823, 2858, 2879, 3166, 3167, 3188 Waivers child abuse; #3271, 3562 CRIME INVOLVING MORAL TURPI- conspiracy: TUDE: generally; #2663, 2752, 2825, 3099, divisible statute; #3125, 3635, 3638 3158, 3181 effect of sec. 212(c) waiver on; #3159, to commit offense against U.S.; 3340 #2752, 3158 excludability established without convic- to defraud investing public; #2663 tion; #2861 to defraud the public of money; expunction of conviction: see Conviction #2825 of crime: final conviction for counterfeit: immigration purposes, question of alien registration documents, uttering guilty plea as admission of commission of of; #2752 crime; #2832, 3638 coins and coin molds, making and juvenile offender exception; #2884, 2885 possession of; #2752 moral turpitude defined; #2663, 2752, U.S. obligations, transfer of; #2611, 3068, 3125, 3158, 3188, 3194, 3228, 3073 3271, 3285, 3330, 3382, 3405, 3423, domestic battery; #3537 3449, 3529, 3537, 3542, 3543, 3553, driving while intoxicated; #3423, 3449 3559, 3562, 3573, 3574, 3631, 3635 drug possession, sale, or importation; necessity as a defense; #2885 #3188, 3330 petty offense exception; #2715, 2833, embezzlement from bank; #2709 3073, 3188, 3340, 3490, 3491, 3543, forgery; #2832 3613, 3638 fraud: political offense exception; #3538 check, insufficient funds; #2791, procedure for determining; #2685, 3125, 2823, 2858, 2879, 3166, 3167, 3188 3188, 3228, 3271, 3285, 3382, 3405, credit card; #3177 3423, 3449, 3537, 3553, 3562, 3573, defraud investing public, Canada; 3574, 3631, 3635, 3638 #2663 single scheme of criminal misconduct; defraud the public of money, Canada; #3317 #2825

1013 mail; #2751, 3184 use of altered immigration document; misapplication of funds; #2709 #3188 money laundering; #3158, 3382, 3553 vehicle theft; #3638 obtaining money by false pretense, willful infliction of corporal injury: Canada; #2833 cohabitant; #3271 obtaining passport by false state- parent of perpetrator’s child; #3271 ment; #3169 spouse; #3271, 3490 trafficking in counterfeit goods; #3559 standard of care: transfer of counterfeit money; #2611 guilty knowledge; #2715, 2721, 2791, uttering counterfeit alien registra- 2858, 3194, 3382, 3423, 3449 tion documents; #2752 intent; #2611, 2685, 2710, 2752, 2823, grand theft; #3559 2825, 2833, 2858, 3099, 3188, 3194, impersonating a federal officer; #2564 3271, 3382, 3574, 3635 indecency with a child; #3631 negligence; #3194 interference with law enforcement recklessness; #2879, 3194, 3228, 3285 officer; #2791 strict liability; #2595 kickbacks on government contracts; voluntary departure, eligibility of alien #3184 convicted of: see Voluntary departure: larceny; #2685, 2721, 2841, 2885, eligibility for 3184, 3543, 3559 waiver: see Waivers: sec. 212(c), sec. mail fraud; #2751, 3184 212(h) malicious trespass; #2685 within 5 years of entry, question of; manslaughter; #2879, 3228, 3472 #3177, 3202 misprision of felony; #3542 within 5/10 years after admission, question murder; #3176, 3202, 3538 of; #3513 obtaining money by false pretense, CUBAN REFUGEE, ADJUSTMENT OF Canada; #2833 STATUS: see Adjustment of Status: Act obtaining passport by false statement; of Nov. 2, 1966 #3169 oral sex perversion; #2559 D petty larceny; #2685, 2885, 3184, 3188 possession of altered immigration DEFECTOR STATUS: see Subversive document; #3188 DEPARTURE FROM UNITED STATES: possession of burglary tools; #3188 see also Suspension of deportation: possession of child pornography; #3529 continuous physical presence possession of concealed sawed-off alien seeking refugee status in Canada; shotgun; #2701 #3571 possession of concealed weapon; during pendency of appeal from exclusion #3188 order; #3128, 3259 possession of counterfeit items; #3188 during pendency of deportation proceed- possession of stolen property; #2715, ings; #3277 3188 during pendency of Service appeal; #3395 possession with intent to commit effect of on alien ordered removed; #3626 crime involving moral turpitude; motion to reconsider mooted by; #3227, #3188 3259 possession with intent to defraud; motion to reopen withdrawn by; #3457 #3188 return during pendency of deportation retail theft; #3543 proceeding, effect of; #2924 robbery; #2735, 2815, 2902, 3007 under threat of deportation; #3475 sex offender, failure to register as; while deportation order outstanding; #3562 #2474, 2834 sexual intercourse with female child; DEPORTATION: see also Deportation #3272 grounds; Deportation proceedings; sexual misconduct with female under Evidence; Fair hearing; Removal 16, Israel; #2595 Canadian Indian, question whether subject smuggling aliens; #3099, 3386 to; #2664 spousal abuse: see Crime involving civil nature of; #2914, 2929, 2996, 3002, moral turpitude: specific offenses: 3152 willful infliction of corporal injury constitutional rights of minor citizen chil- statutory rape; #3562 dren not affected by deportation of unsworn falsification to authorities; parents; #2539 #3543 country of: see Place of deportation

1014 departure from U.S. while under order of; failure of alien to prove time, place, and #2834, 3366, 3475 manner of entry: see Burden of proof: evidence: see Evidence presumption under sec. 291; Deportation exclusion, distinguished from; #3318 grounds: entry without inspection, failure to appear for, consequences of excludable at entry under sec. 242B; #3253, 3356, 3357 firearms violation: see Conviction of hearing: see Deportation proceedings; crime: aggravated felony, firearms Fair hearing violation order, finality of; #2878, 3045, 3152, fraud or misrepresentation: see Fraud 3154, 3184, 3206, 3253, 3297, 3409, narcotics: see Conviction of crime: drug 3441, 3442, 3448 offenses Order to Show Cause: see Deportation Nazi persecution: see Nazi persecution proceedings nonimmigrant: reinstated order of; #3366, 3557 failure to maintain nonimmigrant stay of: status: motion to reopen in absentia order; alien of distinguished merit and #3198, 3266 ability accepted employment before special agricultural worker; #3154 Form I-129B approved; #2590 time of departure decided by Service; student: #3165 transferred school without prior DEPORTATION GROUNDS: (for Service permission; #2848 deportation ground based upon a cause unauthorized employment; #2596, existing at time of entry, see also 2634, 2668 Exclusion grounds; Inadmissibility visitor for pleasure, accepted em- grounds) ployment; #2955 address reporting requirements, noncom- remained longer than permitted; #2797, pliance with: see Address reporting 3119 requirements presence may have serious adverse aggravated felony: see Conviction of foreign policy consequences; #3400 crime public charge: see Public charge certification of Sec. of Labor, no valid; sec. 241(a)(5); #2617, 2980 see Labor certification sec. 241(f) exemption: see Waivers: sec. conditional permanent resident, status 241(f) terminated; #3151, 3224, 3238, 3383 smuggling aliens: see Smuggling aliens conviction: see Conviction of crime; subversive: see Subversive Crime involving moral turpitude visa charge: see Exclusion grounds; Fraud crimes: see Conviction of crime; Crime or misrepresentation involving moral turpitude DEPORTATION PROCEEDINGS: entry without inspection: adjournment of hearing: see Fair hearing escape from carrier detention while administrative closing: see Fair hearing awaiting return flight; #2984 bond determination separate from not eliminated by subsequent departure deportation hearing; #2599, 3159, 3165 and readmission as lawful permanent civil nature of; #2914, 2929, 2996, 3002, resident; #2923, 2925 3054, 3180, 3632 prosecutorial discretion of Service not collateral attack: to charge alien in possession of criminal court judgment; #2663, 3180 documents; #2923 prior order of exclusion or deportation; sec. 291 presumption used to establish #2657, 3095, 3366 unlawful status; #2536, 2547, 2717, commencement of: see Deportation pro- 2725, 3143 ceedings: Order to Show Cause espionage; #3395 consolidation of hearings: see Fair excludable at entry: hearing exclusion grounds: see Exclusion denaturalization judgment, effect of; grounds #2963 proper grounds charged after redesigna- departure and return during pendency of tion of sections in Act; #3186 proceedings, effect of; #2924, 3277 stowaway, use of sec. 291 presumption due process: see Due process; Evidence; to establish; #2979 Fair hearing use of any entry as basis for charge; estoppel, doctrine of: see Estoppel #2751, 2818, 2923 expeditious hearing; #3139, 3152, 3168, 3176, 3185 in absentia hearing: see Fair hearing

1015 lodging of additional charges or allega- admission of adverse evidence after tions; #3143, 3340 concession of deportability; #2818 notice of hearing: see Due process adultery: see Good moral character Order to Show Cause: adverse factors: “charging document” defined; #3133, accruing eligibility through frivolous 3309 appeals; #3225 commencement of deportation pro- bigamous marriage; #2818 ceedings; #2820, 2909, 3034, 3045, circumstances of crime; #3272 3133, 3139, 3140, 3183, 3246, 3309, circumvention of refugee procedures; 3358 #2922, 2967, 3001, 3033 explanation of contents; #3265 conviction lacking sufficient degree of jurisdiction to review decision to issue; finality; #3245 #2666, 2820, 3437 criminal activity; #2832, 3134, 3156, notice to appear, synonymous with; 3158, 3229, 3245, 3247, 3272, 3335, #3309 3472, 3544 proper grounds charged after redesig- disrespect for immigration laws; nation of sections in Act; #3186, #2752, 2992, 3225, 3369, 3406, 3587 3199, 3202 entry with aid of smuggler; #2958 purpose of; #2713 entry with fraudulently obtained U.S. service of: documents; #2922, 2967, 3033 effect on continuous physical pre- false testimony; #3372 sence; #3309, 3385, 3426 fraud or misrepresentation; #3372, means of; #3142, 3144, 3246, 3628 3380, 3587 on a minor; #3293, 3397 preconceived intent; #2551, 2556, sufficiency of; #3136, 3142, 3144, 2750, 2866, 2928, 3036, 3104 3246, 3265, 3293 aggravated felony conviction as bar to; vests jurisdiction over asylum appli- #3586 cation with Immigration Judge; application for does not allow alien to #3314 remain pending decision; #3004 sufficiency of; #2713, 3310 background checks; #3526 superseded; #3142 barred by unlawful reentry after departure validity after alien’s departure and under removal order; #3475 return; #2924 burden of proof: see Burden of proof Privacy Act; improper forum to assert discretionary denial, notwithstanding violation; #2585 statutory eligibility; #2592, 2727, 2818, proceedings are pending until departure 2832, 2922, 3134, 3272, 3472 of alien from U.S.; #3045 discretionary denial without determin- remand, motion to: see Motions: remand ation of eligibility; #3158, 3272 remand of record effective for consid- evidence considered may not be admissi- eration of all matters unless limited by ble to prove deportability; #3273 Board; #2670 favorable factors: reopening of: see Motions: reopening of family ties; #3587 proceedings rehabilitation; #3247, 3272 voluntary departure pursuant to depor- residence of long duration; #3587 tation order precludes subsequent Service’s intentional lack of enforce- challenge to validity of; #2834 ment of lawful order of deportation; DERIVATIVE STATUS: see Accom- #3225 panying or following to join fifth amendment claim, effect of; #2607 DISBARMENT: see Attorneys and repre- filing date of application governs applica- sentatives bility of REAL ID Act; #3638 DISCRETION, ADMINISTRATIVE: see law applicable at time of final administra- Discretionary relief and specific forms of tive order; #3152, 3176 relief Nazi persecution as bar: see Nazi persecu- DISCRETIONARY RELIEF: see also tion Adjustment of status; Cancellation of protective order violation bars eligibility removal; Good moral character; for; #3495 Permission to reapply; Persecution; DISTRICT DIRECTOR: Suspension of deportation; Voluntary assurance not to prosecute, question departure; Waivers whether equal to grant of immunity; abandonment of or failure to prosecute #2717 application for; #2726, 3024, 3053, authority to make nationwide policy; 3116, 3142, 3182 #3283 decisions of:

1016 as precedent; #2955, 3207 DIVORCE: not binding on Board; #3351 bilateral; #2702, 2724 jurisdiction, question of authority to con- collateral attack on; #2724 sider: conditional permanent resident status adjustment of status; #2740, 3153, terminated by; #3151 3279 consular divorce performed in U.S.; applicability of Fleuti doctrine to #2531 returning legalization applicant; customary; #2534, 2542, 2997, 3606 #3282 domicile, question of; #2702, 2724, 3030 asylum; #2571, 2622, 2679, 2726, in absentia; #3030 2857, 2912, 2922, 2927, 2981 recognition of foreign divorce: automatic revocation of visa petition specific jurisdictions: after petitioner’s death; #2998, 3031 California; #3030 bond; #2851, 2890, 2891, 2910, 3124, Connecticut; #2672, 2691, 2702 3306, 3634 Japan; #2895 custody location; #3174 New Jersey; #2692, 2864 custody status, change of; #2890, 2891, New York; #2724, 2939 2910 “relation back” doctrine: see Marriage: deferred action status; #2930 annulment extended voluntary departure; #2930 sham; #2948 extension of nonimmigrant stay; #2848 specific jurisdictions: fines; #2894 Dominican Republic: institution of proceedings: recognized by other jurisdiction; deportation; #2666, 2820, 3185 #2672, 2691, 2702, 2864, 2939 exclusion; #3282 requirements; #2575, 2688, 2867, rescission; #2610, 3056 2893, 2895, 2937 parole; #2614, 2753, 2785, 2847, Egypt, consular; #2531 2927, 3282 Ghana; #2534, 2699, 2997, 3606 precertification under Schedule A; Hungary, in absentia; #3030 #2642 Mexico; #2580 refugee classification; #2571, 2619, Nigeria; #2542 2740 Portugal; #2692 reinstatement of student status; #2848 Puerto Rico; #2724 special agricultural worker application; DOCUMENTARY REQUIREMENTS: #3419 see Exclusion grounds: specific grounds: termination of proceedings; #2908 visa, no valid immigrant; Waivers: sec. third-preference qualifications; #2634 211(b), sec. 212(d)(4)(A), sec. 212(k) venue; #2567, 2728, 2785, 2892, 2909, DOMICILE: see Commuter; Waivers: sec. 3133, 3174 212(c) visa petition; #2555, 2657, 3031, DUAL NATIONAL: see Citizenship: dual 3130, 3173, 3394 nationality voluntary departure, extension of; DUE PROCESS: see also Constitutional #2834 rights; Evidence; Fair hearing waiver: asylum proceedings for crewmen and sec. 212(c); #3151 stowaways; #3257, 3258 sec. 212(d)(4)(A); #2911, 2961 counsel: sec. 212(e); #2562, 2994, 3004 actions of, binding on alien; #3011, sec. 212(h); #3151 3059 sec. 212(i); #3151 deficient performance of: see Attorneys sec. 212(k); #3031, 3151 and representatives sec. 216(c)(4); #3151, 3231 ineffective assistance of; #2927, 3059, prosecutorial discretion; #2666, 2820, 3284, 3296, 3312, 3356, 3357, 3367, 2894, 2908, 2930, 3056, 3152, 3366, 3379, 3487, 3552, 3563, 3632 3437 “limited” appearance of; #3011, 3312 reasons for decision required; #2931, right to; #2571, 2587, 2811, 2815, 3315 2969, 3059, 3105, 3174, 3180, 3200, record of proceedings, responsibility for; 3219, 3274, 3335, 3401, 3487, 3632 #2931, 2941, 2954 deportation based on subsequently set remand of adjustment application by aside conviction; #2747 Immigration Judge, permissibility of; evidence: see Evidence #2908 failure to advise of immigration conse- “standing” in visa petition proceedings, quences of guilty plea; #3180, 3413 question of; #2691 fundamental fairness; #2587, 2597, 2717,

1017 2725, 2778, 2784, 2914, 2969, 3011, status adjusted under sec. 210(a) while 3054, 3215, 3257, 3258, 3397, 3487 in exclusion proceedings; #3211 harmless error doctrine; #2969 relief barred by unlawful reentry after interpreter, right to; #2624, 3032, 3174, departure under removal order; #3475 3180, 3223, 3258 without inspection: see Deportation interrogatories to State Department, right grounds to; #2914 ENTRY RECORD, AMENDMENT OR notice; #2547, 2638, 2756, 2969, 2992, CREATION, TO SHOW ADMISSION 3135, 3136, 3142, 3144, 3198, 3246, FOR PERMANENT RESIDENCE: see 3265, 3296, 3310, 3312, 3315, 3353, Adjustment of Status: sec. 1, Act of 3406, 3458, 3483, 3485 Nov. 2, 1966 prejudice; #2725, 2914, 2969, 3200, EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE ACT: 3215, 3223, 3258, 3265, 3296, 3487, see Attorneys and representatives; Board 3527 of Immigration Appeals; Immigration reasonableness; #2597, 3011 Judge simultaneous translation of entire hearing, EQUAL PROTECTION: see Constitu- right to; #2914, 2920, 2927 tional rights stowaway asylum procedures; #3257, ESTOPPEL: 3258 collateral (res judicata): applicability to: E acquittal in criminal case; #2839 court ruling on waiver eligibility; ENTRY: see also Parole #2819 adjustment of status not an entry; #2976, denaturalization judgment; #2963 3177 extradition proceedings; #2831, 3400 attempted, as TRWOV in order to seek equitable: asylum; #2958 authority to apply; #3153, 3396 defined; #2653, 2751, 2800, 2818, 2900, definition of; #3153 2958, 2976, 3157, 3208, 3211, 3212, delay from initiating exclusion 3215, 3333 proceedings against Fleuti alien; deportation charge, use of any entry as #3416 basis for; #2751, 2818, 2923 delay in adjudicating asylum applica- landing, distinguished from; #2800 tion; #2679 made while in excludable class, effect delay in holding rescission hearing; on lawful status; #2718, 2779, 2926 #2886 nationality, election of at entry as de- failure to follow Operations Instruc- terminative of admissibility as treaty tions regarding applicability of investor; #2947 foreign residence requirement; #3004 parole, distinguished from: see Parole failure to warn carrier of fines; #2894 question whether entry made: refusal to recognize validity of foreign crossing into U.S. territorial limits, divorce; #3030 question of; #3215 transfer of refugees to U.S. without determined in exclusion proceedings; visas; #2614 #3215, 3416 unauthorized approval of foreign resi- evasion of inspection, question of; dence requirement waiver; #2994 #2900, 2913, 2984, 3208, 3215 EVIDENCE: see also Burden of proof; Due freedom from official restraint, ques- process; Persecution; Visa petition tion of; #2653, 2751, 3157, 3208, administrative notice; #2742, 3104, 3111, 3215 3204, 3566, 3567 lawful permanent resident, returning admissibility: from innocent, casual, and brief authentication; #2558, 2559, 2622, excursion: see Fleuti doctrine 2820, 2825, 3011, 3048, 3054 specific circumstances: burden of proof: see Burden of proof apprehended after debarking from challenge to, procedure for; #2536, boat; #2571, 2913, 2927, 3208, 2820, 3054 3215 classified information; #2540, 2541, detention by airport customs officer 3029 after admission by Service; #3157 documents: escaped from detention; #2900, 2984 in Service possession: released from custody without bond; affidavit; #2597, 2622, 2811, #2751 2979, 3151 unconscious at arrival; #2653

1018 conviction records: see Conviction rescission proceedings, evidence in; of crime: record of conviction #2597, 2742 counsel’s concession of deporta- bility; #3011 Crewman’s Landing Permit; #2647 memorandum of interrogation; #2556 police reports; #3075, 3273, 3527 probative, question of; #3397 Record of Deportable Alien; #2527, 2700, 2725, 2778, 2780, 2784, 2820, 3054, 3397 Request for Return to Mexico; #2778, 2780, 2820 transcript of hearing of alien’s brother; #2700 visa petition; #2536 relating to persecution claim: see Persecution: persecution claim: evidence relevant to discretionary determi- nation; #2818, 3075, 3273 foreign documents; #2825 fundamental fairness; #2597, 2778, 2784, 2820, 3011, 3054, 3075 hearsay; #2527, 2597, 2700 illegally obtained: exclusionary rule, applicability of; #2725, 2778, 2784, 2979, 3011, 3277 identity or physical presence of alien as “evidence”; #2527, 2538, 2725, 2820, 3277 illegal arrest, claim of; #2527, 2536, 2538, 2547, 2582, 2596, 2647, 2725, 2778, 2784, 3011 illegal search, claim of; #2725 interrogation without counsel; #2556, 2778, 2811 Miranda warnings violated, ques- tion of; #2556, 2725, 2778, 2780, 2784 Privacy Act violated, question of; #2585 regulatory requirement violated, question of; #2780, 2820, 3054 voluntariness, question of; #2556, 2647, 2725, 2778, 2780, 2784, 2811, 2820, 3054, 3075 materiality; #2582, 2597 objection to, first raised on appeal; #3134 pleadings filed by attorney; #3011 privileged testimony; #2536 probative, question of; #2657, 2784, 2818, 2820, 2920, 3011, 3050, 3054, 3075 proffered testimony; #3011 reasonableness, question of; #2597, 3011, 3223

1019 statements from prior asylum pro- in visa petition proceedings: see Visa ceeding; #3258 petition bond record, evidence relied on from in visa petition revocation proceedings; removal proceedings must be see Visa petition incorporated into; #3417 opportunity to rebut advisory opinion of confidential information; #3419 State Department: see Persecution: corroboration; #3576, 3638 persecution claim: evidence counsel’s statements as evidence; #2820, reliability; #2597, 3160, 3483 2951, 3042, 3215, 3349 right to present and confront; #2536, denaturalization judgment establishes 2538, 2582, 2597, 2700, 2820, 3011, “ultimate facts” in deportation 3032, 3258 proceedings; #2963 rules of evidence: determinations made in prior immigration generally; #2527, 2544, 2559, 2597, proceedings; #2654, 2657 2729, 2742, 2979, 3011, 3054, 3075 discovery: regulatory; #2538, 2540, 2597, 2820, interrogatories; #2914 2914, 3042, 3048, 3050 no right to; #3255 self-incrimination, claim of privilege records maintained about alien; #3101 against; #2527, 2536, 2559, 2582, 2585, request for information; #2729, 2979 2596, 2607, 2622, 2647, 2717, 2725, subpoena; #2536, 2538, 3101 2820, 2969, 2979, 3011, 3054, 3143 false testimony; #3401 Service role in providing evidence of foreign law: see Burden of proof: foreign country conditions; #3303 law, visa petition proceedings; Visa submission on appeal; #3029, 3042, petition: evidence: foreign documents 3049, 3081, 3143, 3172, 3180, 3246, identity, question of; #2536, 2544, 2559, 3469 2725, 2820, 3334 sufficiency of evidence: inference: determined by facts of each case; from evidence; #3145, 3334 #2681, 2938, 2966, 3061, 3112, 3113, from silence; #3143, 3334 3328 materiality; #3273, 3334, 3563, 3575 hearsay statement; #2700 presumptions: to establish: alien is an immigrant; #2533, 2716, alienage; #2547, 2717, 2820, 2979, 2847, 2911 3143, 3397 alien will be employed; #2708 citizenship, U.S.; #2681, 2968 alienage from evidence of birth abroad; conviction; #2825, 2861, 3169, #2536, 2559, 2601, 2979, 3454, 3489, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3638 3603, 3612 danger to persons or property, #3544 attorney discipline; #3633 danger to U.S. security; #3495 detention of aggravated felon; #3155 deportability: fraud in prior marriage; #3083 adverse foreign policy conse- notice following service by certified quences; #3400 mail; #3485, 3628 circumstantial; #3395 notice following service by regular mail; concession of deportability by #3628, 3629 counsel; #3011 persecution in present or future from entry without inspection; #2582, past persecution; #3104, 3204, 3492, 2700, 2717, 3293 3523, 3584, 3622 ineligibility for visa; #2544 presence in U.S. in violation of law; labor certification requirement; #2536, 2547, 2559, 2601, 2717, 2979, #2544 3143 minor alien’s factual admissions; public officers properly discharge du- #3293 ties; #3246 minor alien’s Form I-213 at in reasonableness of counsel’s tactics; absentia hearing; #3397, 3483 #3011 silence of alien; #3143 privileged testimony; #2536 stowaway; #2979 probative, question of; #3151, 3245 unauthorized employment; #2596 proffered evidence; #3011, 3042 familial relationship: see Visa rebuttal of evidence: petition in deportation proceedings: frivolousness of an asylum claim; silence insufficient to rebut evidence; #3563 #3143, 3334 legality of arrest; #2582, 2778 in stowaway asylum proceedings; legalization eligibility; #3113, 3205 #3258

1020 “loss” resulting from criminal labor certification, no valid: see Labor activity; #3585 certification marriage: medical school graduate; #2814 common law; #2677 Nazi persecution: see Nazi persecution fraudulent; #2597, 2657, 2798, permission to reapply: see Permission 2811, 3083, 3086, 3130 to reapply nonviability; #2798, 2811 prostitution; #3613 validity of; #2951, 3203, 3577 psychopathic personality (homosexual); persecution claim: see Persecution: #2873 persecution claim: evidence public charge: see Public charge to warrant: reentry after deportation; #3176, 3290 reopening of proceedings: see Mo- smuggling aliens: see Smuggling aliens tions: reopening of proceedings stowaway; #2981 visa petition revocation: see Visa subversive: see Subversive petition terrorist activities; #3469 visa petition: see Visa petition visa, no valid immigrant: weight assigned; #3245, 3608, 3609 documents, no possession of; #2533, witness: 2650, 2680, 2847, 2883, 2927, 2950 credibility of; #2811, 2861, 3251, nonimmigrant, question whether enti- 3257, 3258, 3278, 3331, 3334, 3336 tled to status as: expert; #2825, 3609 intracompany transferee; #2602 right to cross-examine; #2582, 2597, student; #2716, 2961 2700, 2820, 3151 treaty investor; #2633, 3111 right to subpoena; #2536, 2538 visitor: to authenticate documents; #2622, business; #2739, 2783, 2809, 2784, 2820 3038 EXCHANGE VISITOR: see Foreign resi- pleasure; #2716, 2911 dence requirement; Nonimmigrant: presumption that alien is immigrant specific classification; Suspension of if nonimmigrant status is not deportation; Waivers: sec. 212(e) established; #2716, 2911, 2961, EXCLUSION: see also Entry; Parole 3209 Canadian Indian, question whether subject validity of visa, question of: to; #2664 abandonment of lawful permanent “charging document” defined; #3133 resident status; #2650, 2680, deportation, distinguished from; #3318 2796 execution of order moots motion to after final order of deportation; reconsider; #3227 #3095 place of deportation: see Place of invalidated by entry without inspec- deportation tion; #2925 procedures for; #2847, 3283 preference status, question whether EXCLUSION GROUNDS: see also Inad- entitled to classification specified missibility grounds in visa; #2549, 2690, 2713, 2812, notice of additional grounds; #2716, 2741 2837, 2874 proper grounds charged after redesigna- procured by concealment of facts; tion of sections in Act; #3186 #2544 specific grounds: waiver of: see Waivers armed services duty, departure to avoid; EXCLUSION PROCEEDINGS: #2680 adjustment of status in; #2598, 3010, 3211, Communist party member: see Subver- 3279 sive appeal, propriety of: crimes: see also Conviction of crime; by alien; #2753, 2847 Crime involving moral turpitude by Service; #2638 convicted of two or more offenses; burden of proof: see Burden of proof #3243 civil nature of; #2914 deportability upon entry (futility doc- commencement of; #3193 trine); #3191 continuance of; #2932 drug offenses: detention or parole pending; #3283 conviction: see Conviction of crime in absentia: see Fair hearing trafficker; #2576, 2707, 3181, 3239 notice of additional grounds; #2716, 2741 fraud or misrepresentation of fact: see parole revocation required prior to Fraud institution of; #2614 ineligible to citizenship; #3424 persecution claim in; #2571, 2573, 2815, 2847, 2857, 2912, 2922, 2927, 2958,

1021 2981 motion for; #2993, 3288, 3640 propriety of: see also Entry notice of; #2547 alien involuntarily brought to U.S.; administrative closing of case; #3063, #2533, 3057 3135, 3136, 3142, 3259, 3286, 3640 alien returned on advance parole; affidavits, use of: see Evidence #3010, 3354, 3355 bond redetermination hearing is separate applicant’s status adjusted under sec. from deportation proceedings; #2599 210(a); #3211 briefs; #2778 burden of proof: see Burden of proof consolidation of hearings; #2596 commuter; #2576 counsel, right to: see Due process crewman; #2659, 2704, 2981 cross-examination: see Evidence: right to entry made, question of; see Entry: present and confront question whether entry made decision of Immigration Judge; #2591, lawful permanent resident, returning 3217, 3375, 3413, 3598 from innocent, casual, and brief evidence: see Evidence excursion: see Fleuti doctrine ex parte statements: see Evidence: admis- refugee; #2571, 2573, 2614, 3018 sibility: hearsay recusal of Immigration Judge; #2920 in absentia hearing; #2591, 2993, 3024, reopening of: see Motions 3025, 3053, 3060, 3063, 3072, 3116, standard of proof; #2576 3135, 3136, 3142, 3144, 3182, 3198, suspension of deportation, availability in; 3246, 3266, 3283, 3284, 3288, 3296, #3010 3310, 3312, 3324, 3331, 3348, 3349, venue, change of; #2571, 2785, 2892, 3350, 3353, 3356, 3357, 3369, 3381, 3024 3392, 3397, 3406, 3420, 3458, 3483, withdrawal of application for admission; 3484, 3485, 3628, 3629 #3047, 3283 interpreter, right to: see Due process EXPATRIATION: see Citizenship: loss of interrogatories: see Due process citizenship master calendar hearing; #3408 notice: see Due process F prejudgment of the case: see Immigration Judge: impartiality of FAIR HEARING: see also Deportation pretermission of untimely filed proceedings; Due process; Evidence; application; #3513 Immigration Judge; Removal Proceedings procedural errors; #2969, 3265 adjournment of hearing: protective order; #3495 failure to appear at resumed hearing; recorded verbatim, requirement of; #3091 #2591, 3025, 3063, 3288 recusal of Immigration Judge: see Immi- for purpose of: gration Judge adjudication by district director: service of documents; #2547, 3136, asylum application; #2622, 2679, 3142, 3144, 3246, 3366, 3458, 3485 2726, 2740 simultaneous translation of entire hearing: deferred action status; #2930 see Due process establishing rehabilitation; #3168 subpoena: see Evidence refugee status; #2619, 2740 telephonic; #3310 sec. 216(c)(4) waiver; #3383 venue; #2567, 2728, 2785, 2825, 2909, visa petition; #2634, 2662, 2684, 2920, 3011, 3024, 3072, 3174, 3199 3640 FIANCÉ(E) OF UNITED STATES advisory opinion by State Depart- CITIZEN: see Nonimmigrant: specific ment: see Persecution: persecution classification claim FINE: establishing rehabilitation; #3168 construction of statute; #2554, 2696, expunction of conviction; #3267 2800 preparation of the case; #2559, 2717, specific fine statutes: 2927, 2932 sec. 231 (list of passengers): retention of counsel; #2969 documents required for transit without submission of: visa passengers; #3444 additional evidence; #2927, 2932, liability; #3444 3168 sec. 239 (inspection of aliens arriving application for relief; #3527, 3640 by civil aircraft): brief; #2825 inspection, question of; #2736 good cause required; #2559, 2932, interview requirement; #2736 3025, 3091, 3168, 3267, 3288, 3527, sec. 251 (crewmen: lists and reporting 3640 of illegal landing):

1022 liability; #2648 FLEUTI DOCTRINE: remission, unavailability of; #2648 exclusion proceedings proper forum to sec. 254 (detention or deportation of determine Fleuti applicability; #3416 crewmen): inapplicable to returning lawful permanent mitigation; #2648 residents regarded as seeking admission multiple violations; #2648 under IIRIRA; #3333 sec. 256 (discharge of crewmen): innocent, casual, and brief excursion not additional fine under sec. 254 for meaningfully interruptive of resident same offense not proper; #2637 status, question of: essential element of violation; absence of long duration; #2741, 2796 #2554, 2637 commuter; #2576 liability is in rem; #2637 examples of brief, but not innocent and pay off of crewman defined; #2554 casual absences; #2950 sec. 271 (prevention of unauthorized purpose in contravention of immigra- landing): tion laws: carrier under contract as signatory drug trafficking; #2576, 2718, 2926 line; #3082 obtaining visa through sham marriage; crewmen, applicability to; #2648 #2853 international bridges, applicability to; smuggling aliens; #2859 #2583 lawful permanent resident status required; landing distinguished from entry; #2753, 2950, 3212 #2800 suspension of deportation; applicability to liability; #2583, 2648 question of continuous physical remission; #2583, 2648 presence; #2853, 2962, 3016, 3277, sec. 273 (unlawful bringing of aliens): 3333 passengers: FOREIGN RESIDENCE REQUIRE- authority to impose fine; #2894 MENT: see also Nonimmigrant: specific bringing, question of; #2894, 2903 classification: exchange visitor carrier defined; #2904 applicability of; #2562, 2667, 2814, chartered vessel: 3004, 3098 agency relationship of owner and jurisdiction to determine applicability of; captain; #2903 #2562, 3004, 3098 bareboat charter defined; #2904 waiver of: see Waivers: sec. 212(e) presumption of participation by FRAUD: see also Crime involving moral owner; #2903, 2904 turpitude crewman, question of; #2696 burden of proof: see Burden of proof defense; #3110 concealment of relevant facts: duress; #2862, 2883, 2894 identity; #2544, 2829 estoppel: see Estoppel: equitable marital status; #2549, 2729, 2874, lawful permanent resident status as 3372 defense; #3110, 3388 wartime activities; #3002 liability; #2862, 2883, 2894, 2903, document fraud for violation of sec. 2904, 3110, 3149, 3304, 3315, 274C; #3264 3388, 3396, 3452 excludability for: mitigation, unavailability of; #2862 entry by; #2958, 3162, 3219 notice; #2609, 3304 presentation to government official passenger, question of; #2696 required; #2958, 3162, 3219 remission; #2862, 2883, 2894, procuring entry by; #3219 2903, 3110, 3149, 3304 procuring visa or documents by; #2716, visa, requirement of; #2883, 2894, 2729, 2732, 2811, 2829, 2874, 2958, 3388, 3396, 3452 3002, 3380 waiver of documents; #3396, 3452 finding of, to invalidate: waiver of immigrant visa require- labor certification; #2632, 3017 ment; #3388 visa; #2544 stowaways: fraudulent marriage: burden of proof; #3190 annulment, relation back as cure; evidence to prove liability; #3190 #2711, 2729 liability; #3190 criminal liability for; #2597 mitigation; #3190 deportability under sec. 241(c); #2657, prosecutorial discretion; #3190 2675, 2960 FIREARMS VIOLATION: see Conviction insufficient to confer immigration of crime: aggravated felony, firearms benefits; #2978, 3056 violation

1023 intent at time of marriage, question of; H #2782, 2951, 3081, 3083, 3100, 3203 presumption of; #3083 HEARING: see Deportation proceedings; prior marriage of lawful permanent Exclusion proceedings; Fair hearing; resident petitioner; #3083, 3100 Removal proceedings steprelationship, marriage as basis for; #3056 I visa petition, ineligibility for subse- quent, under sec. 204(c): ILLEGITIMATE: see Child: illegitimate bigamous marriage; #2555 IMMEDIATE RELATIVE: see Adjust- fictitious marriage; #2529, 2568 ment of status; Child; Marriage; Parent; inapplicable to second petition Visa petition involving same parties; #3203 IMMIGRANT: legislative history; #3203 defined; #2847 nonviable marriage; #2654 intending: see Exclusion grounds: visa, no prior collateral proceedings as basis valid immigrant for finding; #2654, 2657, 3130 nonimmigrant classification, question requirements for applicability of bar: whether entitled to: see Nonimmigrant attempt or conspiracy to enter into preference allocation: see Quota prefer- fraudulent marriage; #3086, 3130 ence sought to obtain immigration bene- IMMIGRATION JUDGE: fit; #3086 adjournment of hearing: see Fair hearing visa issuance based on marriage; administrative notice; #3104, 3111, 3204, #2794 3483 knowledge of falsity; #2716, 3580 Attorney General: materiality of misrepresentation; #2732, authority delegated by; #3105, 3106, 2811, 2829, 2958, 3002, 3580 3199, 3262, 3488 waiver of: see Waivers: sec. 212(c), sec. decisions of, binding on; #3199, 3243, 212(d)(3), sec. 212(i), sec. 237(a)(1)(H), 3267, 3291, 3488, 3532 sec. 241(a)(1)(H), sec. 241(f) policy guidelines for Service, applica- willfulness; #2716, 3539 bility to; #3107 FRIVOLOUS APPEAL: see Appeal regulations of, binding on; #3105, 3106, 3215, 3261, 3262, 3532 G authority to: apply equitable estoppel; #3153 GOOD MORAL CHARACTER: conduct bond hearing for Visa Waiver adultery; #2635, 2746 Program alien seeking asylum; #3263 aggravated felony; #3218, 3386 consider background checks; #3526 confinement to penal institution; #2838, defer DHS request for termination of 2858, 2929 asylee status pending decision on sec. crime involving moral turpitude: see also 209 adjustment application; #3499 Crime involving moral turpitude extend appeal time; #3169 admission of crime; #2832, 3169 grant conditional waiver; #3168 conviction not basis of deportability; grant immunity from criminal prosecu- #2613, 3169 tion; #2647 petty offense exception; #3490, 3613 grant stay of deportation; #3169 recommendation against deportation; grant voluntary departure before com- #2564 pletion of proceedings without ex- voluntary departure, eligibility for of press waiver of appeal rights; #3429 alien convicted of; #3059, 3169, 3188 introduce evidence; #3303 drug violation; #2579, 2613, 3103 issue subpoenas; #2538 false claim to U.S. citizenship; #3623 order detention pending voluntary false testimony given under oath; #3054, departure; #3636 3401 question alien at hearing; #2673 final conviction required for statutory ban; set conditions for voluntary departure; #3245 #3636 immigration law violations; #2765, 2766, set time limits for filing applications; 2818 #2726 murder; #3218 take appropriate and necessary action; prostitution; #3613 #2598, 2785, 2911, 2994, 3288, 3499 terminate asylee status; #3499 terminate proceedings; #3366, 3557 waive fees; #3256

1024 waive payment of sum required by sec. constitutionality of statute; #3180, 245(i); #3256 3413 credibility findings; #2544, 2640, 2707, crewman admissibility in exclusion pro- 2811, 2861, 2978, 3033, 3050, 3229, ceedings; #2659, 2704, 2981 3251, 3278, 3303, 3308, 3334, 3336, custody location; #3174 3433, 3515, 3545, 3576 custody status, change of; #2661, 2890, deportability, duty to determine if 2891, 2910, 2931, 3510 evidence supports charge of; #2820, deferred action status; #2930, 3078 2848, 2908, 2930 deportability of alien in Visa Waiver duty to inform alien of eligibility for Program who seeks asylum; #3183 relief; #3375, 3408, 3429, 3532 evidence of “loss” resulting from excludability, duty to find if evidence sup- criminal activity; #3585 ports allegations of; #3282 extended voluntary departure; #2930, Executive Office for Immigration Review; 3078 #2954, 3142, 3229, 3246 extension of stay; #2848 finality of decision; #3206, 3306, 3431, foreign residence requirement applica- 3441, 3442 bility; #2562, 3004 impartiality of; #2717, 2725, 2825, 2920, guilt of convicted alien; #2823, 2859, 3215, 3431, 3495, 3532 3068, 3148, 3158, 3180, 3218, 3380 in absentia hearing: see also Fair hearing institution of proceedings by district absence of parties, notation required on director: record; #2591 deportation; #2820, 2930, 3152, requirements to proceed with; #3283, 3185, 3265, 3267, 3366 3458, 3484, 3485 rescission; #3056 rescission of order; #3198, 3266, naturalization eligibility; #3555 3284, 3288, 3356, 3357, 3369, 3392 parole; #2753, 2785, 2927, 3282 written decision required; #2591 permission to reapply after deporta- independent of Service; #3142, 3229, tion; #2723, 3031, 3151, 3268 3246 precertification under Schedule A; jurisdiction, question of authority to con- #2642 sider: recordation of lawful permanent adjustment of status application: resident status for fiancé under sec. arriving alien; #3450, 3639 214(d); #2694 asylee status as basis for; #3499 refugee: Cuban Adjustment Act of 1966; admissibility in exclusion proceed- #3450, 3639 ings; #3018 exclusion proceedings; #2598, 3279 classification; #2571, 2619, 2740, on remand for background checks; 2986, 3118 #3561 regulations, validity of; #3105, 3106, refugee status as basis for; #2619, 3180 2740, 3499 reinstatement of nonimmigrant status; remand to district director improper; #2848 #2908 reinstatement of prior order of removal; admissibility of alien not detained or #3366, 3557 paroled; #3283 rescission of adjustment of status by admissibility of alien refused admission special agricultural worker; #3419 in Visa Waiver Program who seeks rescission order of district director; asylum; #3193 #3115 applicability of Fleuti doctrine to special immigrant status; #2673 returning legalization applicant; stowaway admissibility in exclusion #3282 proceedings; #2981 asylum application; #2622, 2679, 2726, “successive” asylum applications; #3589 2753, 2857, 2912, 2920, 2922, 2927, temporary protected status; #3554 2958, 2981, 3118, 3164, 3314 temporary resident status; #3154 attorney fees request (EAJA); #3105, third-preference classification; #2634 3106 venue; #2567, 2728, 2785, 2892, 2909, automatic revocation of visa petition; 3072, 3133, 3174 #3031 visa petitions; #3031, 3173, 3394, 3519, bond; #2661, 2890, 2891, 2910, 3124, 3640 3139, 3165, 3301, 3306, 3344, 3387, voluntary departure: 3398, 3417, 3451, 3544, 3620 denial of prehearing grant or post- collateral attack on conviction; #3158, hearing extension; #2834 3180

1025 setting of terms and conditions; detain and interrogate alien without #2572 warrant; #2527, 2582 waiver: reinstate prior order of removal; #3557 sec. 209(c); #3414, 3499 definition of; #3557 sec. 211(b); #3031, 3151 IN ABSENTIA HEARING: see Board of sec. 212(c); #3151 Immigration Appeals: jurisdiction, sec. 212(d)(3)(B); #3114 question of authority to consider; sec. 212(d)(4)(A); #2911, 2961 Deportation: stay of; Fair hearing; sec. 212(e); #2562, 2994 Immigration Judge; Motions: reopening of sec. 212(h); #3151 proceedings: specific claims sec. 212(i); #3151 INADMISSIBILITY GROUNDS: see also sec. 212(k); #3031, 3151 Exclusion grounds sec. 213; #3393 specific grounds: sec. 214(d) recordation application, aggravated felony conviction not a filed with; #2694 ground; #3449 sec. 216(c)(4); #3151, 3231, 3238, fraud or misrepresentation; #3539 3383 no valid entry document; #3539 waiver of appeal, validity of; #3448 prostitution; #3613 withholding of deportation in exclu- reentry without admission after unlawful sion proceedings; #2571, 2622 presence or removal: #3590 jurisdiction, vesting of; #3139, 3246, 3561 seeking admission after removal; #3524 order of: seeking admission after unlawful attachments to; #3598 presence; #3531, 3591 becomes final order of deportation terrorist activities: upon dismissal of appeal; #3253 exceptions; #3534, 3581, 3605 fact findings needed; #3478 material support; #3534, 3581, 3605 notice of sec. 242B consequences in; waiver of; #3534, 3581, 3605 #3253 waiver of: see Permission to reapply removal order required with grant of for admission; Waivers withholding of removal without INDUSTRIAL TRAINEE: see asylum; #3595 Nonimmigrant: specific classification: reasons for decision required; #2973, trainee 3217, 3342, 3375, 3413, 3417 INSPECTION: record of proceedings, responsibility for; defined; #2775 #2541, 2591, 2804, 2954, 3077, 3417, INTENT: see Adjustment of status: sec. 3598 245, 1952 Act, as amended: preconceived recusal, question of; #2825, 2920 intent; Crime involving moral turpitude remand: INTERLOCUTORY APPEAL: see Appeal: adjustment of status application to interlocutory order district director; #2908 INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREE: see background checks; #3561 Nonimmigrant: specific classification effective for consideration of all appro- INVESTOR: see Labor certification: ex- priate matters; #2670, 3561 emption from: investor; Nonimmigrant: reopening of proceedings: see also Mo- specific classification: treaty investor or tions: reopening of proceedings trader; Quota preference: employment- asylum request; #2726, 2974 based clear ineligibility standard for adjust- ment of status application; #2684, J 2740, 3173 reasons for decision required; #2973 JUDICIAL RECOMMENDATION rules of procedure; #3133, 3136, 3142 AGAINST DEPORTATION (JRAD): Service General Counsel, opinion of, not see Recommendation against deportation binding on; #3215 JURISDICTION: see also Board of Immi- summary decision; #3375 gration Appeals; District director; witness, discretion to sequester; #3111 Immigration Judge; and specific types of IMMIGRATION OFFICER: proceedings and forms of relief asylum officer as member of tribunal; state trial court to order new trial; #2995 #3401 JUVENILE DELINQUENCY: authority to: definition; #2884, 2885, 3435 administer oaths, take testimony, and deportation or exclusion ground, question receive evidence; #3401 of; #2884, 2885 cancel Notice to Appear; #3366 resentencing following probation viola- tion, effect of; #3435

1026 standards to determine if foreign offense factors to determine; #2650, 2680, is crime or juvenile delinquency; #2884, 3079 2885 questioned in visa petition proceedings; #2813 L deportability following lawful admission on basis of conduct prior to previous LABOR CERTIFICATION: deportation or departure; #2617, 2923, eligibility for required at time of filing; 2925, 3191 #2570 family reunification policy; #3203 employment authorization for adjustment fiancé status: see Nonimmigrant: specific of status purposes, not equivalent to; classification: fiancé #2639, 2734 “lawful” admission required to obtain exemption from: status as; #3486 beneficiary of valid relative visa peti- meaningful interruption of residence, tion; #2544, 2553, 2874 question of: see Fleuti doctrine investor; #2546, 2551, 2565, 2581, reentry permit: see Reentry permit 2658, 2697, 2776, 2777, 2842, 3009 status of parent imputed to child; #3572, no intention to work; #2588, 2651, 3619 2708, 2773 status required for derivative citizenship precertification (blanket labor certifi- under sec. 321(a); #3621 cation): status retained upon grant of sec. 241(f) exceptional ability in sciences or arts; waiver; #3214 #2763 status subject to scrutiny in visa petition manager or executive; #2836, 2849, proceedings, question of; #2690, 2813 2988, 3052 termination of status as, question of: religious occupation; #2605, 2642, conduct constituting a ground of 3014 excludability; #2718, 2779 special immigrant: conviction; #2703 minister; #2673, 2797, 2810, 3014 entry without inspection; #2925 Western Hemisphere native, parent final administrative order of exclusion, of U.S. citizen; #2662 deportation, or removal; #2878, 2926, under 16 years old; #2714 3095, 3161, 3172, 3371, 3568 filing date of visa petition is date of LEGALIZATION: labor certification application; #2566, advance parole required for readmission 2570, 2734 of legalization applicant; #3282 invalidation of: beginning of temporary resident status; employing partnership no longer in #3262 existence; #2990 burden of proof: see Burden of proof employment on which issued has confidentiality of files and records; terminated; #2578 #3277, 3282 fraud or misrepresentation; #2632, continuous unlawful residence; #3087, 3017 3090, 3205 geographical area of employment conviction defined; #3096 different; #2768 credibility findings; #3113 subsequent finding of ineligibility; evidence to establish eligibility; #3113 #2886 filing period requirement; #3027 unrenewable after abandonment of Fleuti doctrine, applicability to: lawful permanent residence; #3019 legalization applicant seeking suspen- legislative history; #2874 sion of deportation; #3277 qualifications for preference sought not returning legalization applicant in determined by; #2570 exclusion proceedings; #3282 requirement of, applicable to alien intend- temporary residents; #3212 ing to work; #2544 immigrant in unlawful status; #3094 LAWFUL ADMISSION TO U.S. FOR legislative intent; #3080, 3087, 3090, PERMANENT RESIDENCE: see 3096 Lawful permanent resident nonimmigrant: LAWFUL PERMANENT RESIDENT: foreign residence requirement; #3098 see also Conditional permanent resident; fraud: Entry; Exclusion proceedings: propriety in reentry; #3090 of; Waivers: sec. 211(b), sec. 212(c) in reinstatement of status; #3080 abandonment of status as: known to the government; #3090, 3205 acts of parent imputed to minor; #2707, public charge; #3097 2796 reopening of proceedings; #3098

1027 special agricultural worker: Philippines; #2552, 2671, 2714 adjustment of status; #3154, 3211, Texas; #2677 3384, 3419 spouse petition: see Fraud: fraudulent confidentality of information support- marriage; Visa petition: evidence, ing application; #3419 marriage deportability for offense committed validity of: prior to acquisition of status; #3154 evidence to establish; #2951, 3081, stay of execution of deportation or 3083, 3203, 3463, 3577 exclusion order; #3154 governed by law of place where cele- termination of temporary resident brated; #2552, 2671, 2672, 2691, status: 3030, 3512 automatic upon entry of final deporta- viability of; #2654, 2781, 2782, 2798, tion order; #3154 2811, 2846 notice requirements; #3154 MINISTER: see Adjustment of status: sec. procedural requirements; #3154 245, 1952 Act, as amended: unauthorized required prior to deportation pro- employment; Labor certification: ceedings, question if; #3154 exemption from; Special immigrant waiver of; #3154 MINOR: see also Child termination of temporary resident status: abandonment of status: see Lawful perma- required prior to deportation proceed- nent resident ings, question if; #3138, 3154 asylum application untimely filed by; special agricultural worker: see Legali- #3465 zation: special agricultural worker constitutional rights of: see Constitu- waiver of excludability; #3080, 3090, tional rights 3094, 3097, 3262 factual admissions of: see Evidence: LEGITIMATION: see Child: legitimate or sufficiency of evidence legitimated service of Order to Show Cause on: see Deportation proceedings: Order to Show M Cause MISSIONARY: see also Adjustment of MARIJUANA: see Conviction of crime: status: sec. 245, 1952 Act, as amended: drug offenses; Exclusion grounds: specific unauthorized employment; Labor grounds: drug offenses certification: exemption from MARRIAGE: reentry as lawful permanent resident fol- annulment: lowing absence for work as: see Reentry “relation back” doctrine; #2549, 2711, permit 2729 MORAL TURPITUDE: see Conviction of specific jurisdictions: crime; Crime involving moral turpitude California; #2549 MOTIONS: Philippines; #2552, 2714 adjournment of hearing: see Fair hearing Washington; #2711, 2729 continuance: see Fair hearing: bigamous; #2555, 2895 adjournment of hearing common law; #2629, 2677 reconsideration: cousins, between; #2671, 2805 affirmance without opinion; #3548 divorce: see Divorce amicus curiae not party to proceedings; entered into during administrative or judi- #2704 cial proceedings; #3034, 3140, 3173, discretionary factors; #2592, 3418 3272, 3358, 3394, 3463 dismissal of untimely appeal; #3343 fictitious; #2529, 2568 exclusion and deportation render moot; fraud: see Fraud: fraudulent marriage #3227, 3259 legal separation; #2817 following a decision to remand; #3519 polygamous, question of; #2656, 2749 investor regulations amended; #2581 postoperative transsexual to person of limitations of time and number; #3323, opposite sex; #3512 3418, 3442, 3548, 3611 same-sex couples; #3512 purpose of; #3161, 3343, 3468, 3548 sham: see Fraud: fraudulent marriage requirements for; #2704, 3138, 3143, specific jurisdictions: 3145, 3227, 3343, 3542, 3548 Burma; #2526 sua sponte; #3418, 3548 China; #2656, 2749 timeliness; #3323, 3332, 3343, 3418 Colombia; #2710 remand: Mexico; #2629, 2871 background checks; #3561 Michigan; #2805 discretionary determination; #3172 North Carolina; #3512

1028 requirements for; #3172, 3230, 3240, 3288, 3296, 3312, 3324, 3331, 3246, 3327, 3409, 3441, 3561 3348, 3349, 3350, 3353, 3381, reopening of proceedings: 3392, 3420, 3485, 3628, 3629 appeal from decision on; #2973, 3217 ineffective assistance of counsel; authority for; #3172, 3352 #3059, 3284, 3296, 3312, 3356, departure, filed subsequent to; #2747, 3357, 3367, 3420, 3487, 3632 2834, 3626 specific forms of relief, application departure while pending; #3457 for: discretionary determination; #2727, adjustment of status; #2684, 2740, 2907, 2974, 2992, 3004, 3040, 3093, 2776, 3034, 3173, 3253, 3286, 3143, 3172, 3225, 3230, 3253, 3260, 3326, 3394, 3463 3281, 3286, 3369, 3406, 3425, 3463, asylum or withholding of deportation 3575, 3632 or removal; #2726, 2843, 2868, filing of, not permission for alien to 2872, 2974, 2985, 3040, 3093, remain pending decision; #3004, 3290 3182, 3323, 3406, 3430, 3470, filing of, not “exceptional circum- 3530, 3575, 3589, 3611 stances” under sec. 242B; #3290 bond modification; #3124, 3255 following administrative closing of sec. 212(c) waiver; #2557, 2819, case; #3286 3109, 3161, 3172, 3260 jurisdiction; #2670, 2747, 2974, 3105, suspension of deportation; #2670, 3115, 3352 2907, 2973, 3004, 3225, 3230, limitations of time and number; #3323, 3281, 3290 3352, 3353, 3381, 3404, 3406, 3409, voluntary departure; #2592, 2992, 3418, 3420, 3425, 3441, 3442, 3463, 3004 3470, 3575, 3589 stay pending appeal of motion to reopen matters subject to consideration on sec. 242B in absentia hearing; #3266, reopening; #2670 3369 sua sponte; #3418, 3425, 3470 opposed motion requires written deci- sufficiency of decision; #2931, 3217 sion; #2973 timeliness; #3323, 3404, 3420, 3425, purpose of; #3161, 3369 3441, 3442, 3589 requirements for: unopposed, deemed to be, absent timely deficient performance of counsel response to; #3470 claim; #3632 severance of proceedings; #2596, 2670 new evidence; #2726, 2872, 2974, sua sponte motions: see Board of Immi- 3040, 3060, 3093, 3109, 3116, gration Appeals: authority to; Motions: 3143, 3172, 3182, 3230, 3260, reconsideration, reopening of 3286, 3323, 3369, 3406, 3409, proceedings 3430, 3575, 3578, 3587 suppression of evidence: see also Evi- prima facie showing of eligibility; dence #2670, 2684, 2727, 2776, 2872, burden of proof; #2536, 2725, 2778, 2907, 2974, 3004, 3034, 3040, 2820, 3054 3043, 3093, 3116, 3172, 3173, request for; #2527, 2536, 2547, 2582, 3182, 3225, 3230, 3281, 3286, 2596, 2647, 2725, 2778, 2784, 3011, 3430, 3530, 3575, 3587 3054 reasonable explanation for failure venue change: see also Venue; #2567, to timely assert claim; #2726, 2974, 2571, 2728, 2785, 2825, 2892, 2909, 3004, 3093, 3182 2920, 3011, 3024, 3072, 3133, 3174, submission of supporting evidence; 3199 #2726, 2776, 2872, 2907, 2974, 3040, 3060, 3093, 3116, 3143, N 3182, 3230, 3260, 3286, 3323, 3327, 3369, 3406, 3409, 3430, NARCOTICS: see Conviction of crime: 3575, 3587 drug offenses; Exclusion grounds: specific specific claims: grounds: drug offenses conviction pardoned; #3043 NATIONAL: see Noncitizen national of deficient performance of counsel; United States #3632 NATURALIZATION: see also Citizenship eligibility for new relief following acquisition of nationality by taking of oath entry of in absentia order without of allegiance in application for, question oral warnings; #3369 of; #3489 in absentia hearing improper; #3060, good moral character requirement; #3424 3116, 3198, 3246, 3266, 3284,

1029 jurisdiction, question of authority to waiver of; see Waivers: sec. 212(e) consider eligibility for; #3555 reinstatement of status as; #2562, legal custody of child on parent’s date of, 3004 not required to accord derivative Skills List, whether subject to; citizenship; #3603 #2562, 3004 residence requirement; #2769, 2828, suspension of deportation, eligibility 3003, 3084 for; #2667, 2957, 3004 termination of removal proceedings for; fiancé: #3555 labor certification requirement, appli- NAZI PERSECUTION: cability of; #2615 eligibility for relief from deportation; marriage nonviable or terminated; #2949, 2963, 3002 #2615 intent irrelevant; #2949, 2963, 3002 procedural requirements for recorda- legislative history; #2949, 2963 tion of lawful admission for persecution defined; #2949, 2963, 3002 permanent residence; #2694 NONCITIZEN NATIONAL OF UNITED requirements for classification as; STATES: #2805 acquisition of nationality; #3489 intracompany transferee: defined; #2650 affiliate or subsidiary: NONIMMIGRANT: abroad, not required; #2602, 2889 adjustment of status; #2634 intent to establish in U.S.; #2881 classification: qualification by firm that is branch change of; #2762 of foreign government; #2856 question whether entitled to; #2602, question of; #2849, 2917, 3008, 2633, 2716, 2783, 2809, 2911, 2961, 3052 3111 corporation as separate entity from domicile, question of lawfulness; #2878 stockholder; #2826, 2849 extension of stay: employment, continuous for one authority to adjudicate application for; year: #2848 employment as B-1 nonimmigrant effect of approval of Form I-129B; in U.S. as sole qualifying #2590 experience; #2918 extraordinary circumstances required experience required at time of for H-1 extension; #3062 filing; #2758 failure to: extension of stay; #3108 establish status as; #2716 religious personnel, eligibility of for maintain status; #2634, 2753, 2848, classification; #3052 2878 specialized knowledge, question of; preconceived intent at time of entry to #2758, 2865, 2881, 3067 remain permanently: see Adjustment of temporary period of employment, status: sec. 245, Act of 1952, as question of; #2933 amended: preconceived intent; student: Discretionary relief: adverse factors admissibility as visitor for pleasure; specific classification: #2716, 2911 border crossing card holder; #3477 alien seeks entry as student when crewman: returning to full-time employment; exclusion procedures; #2659, 2704, #2753 2981 failure to pay fees where school per- qualifications for; #2878 mits continued attendance, effect standards for granting voluntary de- of; #2788 parture; #2647 Iranian reporting regulations; #2788 summary deportation proceedings passport validity for at least next 6 under sec. 252(b); #2943 months; #2961 suspension of deportation, eligibility school transfer: for; #2943 effect of school transfer without exchange visitor: Service permission; #2848 adjustment of status of; #2562, 2814, transferred before permission 2994 granted; #2848 foreign residence requirement: trainee; #2888, 2921 applicability of: see Foreign resi- transit without visa (TRWOV); #2958, dence requirement 2984, 3162 authority to determine applicability treaty investor or trader: of; #2562, 3004 dual nationality; #2774, 2947

1030 employee of; #2633, 3111 ceedings qualifying investment; #2760, 2762, NUNC PRO TUNC RELIEF: 3111 permission to reapply for admission: visitor: see Permission to reapply for admission business: permission to work: see Adjustment of project specialist; #2739 status: sec. 245, 1952 Act, as amended: railroad clerk; #3038 unauthorized employment truck driver; #2783, 2809 waivers: see Waivers: sec. 211(b), sec. pleasure; #2716, 2911 212(c), sec. 212(d)(3), sec. 212(h), sec. worker coming temporarily to perform 241(f) services: adjustment of status to sixth prefer- O ence; #2807 distinguished merit and ability: OPERATIONS INSTRUCTIONS: classification: not binding on Immigration Judges or as member of professions, ques- Board; #2750, 2866, 2892, 3190 tion of; #2827, 2916, 2982, ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE: see Deporta- 3046, 3085, 3089 tion proceedings based on approval of Form I-129B petition subsequent to P acceptance of employment; #2590 PARDON: experience substituting for educa- conviction: see Conviction of crime tion as qualification as pro- violation of Military Selective Service fessional; #2982, 3085, 3089 Act; #2665, 2680 extension of stay; #3108 PARENT: see also Child; Marriage occupation in transition from non- abandonment of lawful permanent resident professional to professional status imputed to minor child; #2796 status; #3085 deportation of does not deprive child of profession defined; #2982, 3085, constitutional rights; #2539 3089 parent-child relationship: reinstatement of lapsed status not bona fide, between child and natural within jurisdiction of Board; father; #3023, 3061 #2625 “once qualified” rule; #2531, 2558, specific occupations: 2560, 2618, 2643, 2645, 2737, 2754, bank employee; #2982 2882, 3051, 3061, 3207 business executive; #3085 stepparent: see Child: stepchild dentist; #2876 PAROLE: engineer; #2827, 2916, 3089 advance; #2614, 3010, 3282, 3344, 3354, industrial designer; #3046 3355, 3639 research scientist; #3062 authority to grant; #2614, 2753, 2785, technical publications writer; 2847, 2927, 3282, 3396 #2835 deportation proceedings, relationship to; temporary engineering services #2753, 2785, 2900, 3010, 3354, 3355 (“job shop”); #2916 entry, distinguished from; #2573, 2718, effect of approval of Form I-129B; 2779, 2847, 2900, 3211 #2590 prosecution, paroled for purpose of; role of Department of Labor; #2987 #2718, 3057 “temporary services,” question of; refugee; #2573, 2614, 2806, 2883, 3018, #2876, 2916, 2934, 2987 3571 visa, authority to issue; #3111 status at arrival not changed by; #2981, waiver: see Waivers: sec. 212(d)(3), sec. 3283, 3354 212(d)(4)(A), sec. 212(e), sec. 217 termination prior to exclusion proceed- NONQUOTA IMMIGRANT: see Imme- ings; #2614, 2847 diate relative; Special immigrant venue change following; #2785 NOTICE: see Appeal; Attorneys and repre- PASSENGER: see Fine: specific fine stat- sentatives; Bond, delivery; Conditional utes: sec. 273 permanent resident; Due process; PASSPORT: Exclusion proceedings; Fine; proof of U.S. citizenship; #2968 Recommendation against deportation; PERMANENT RESIDENCE: see also Rescission of adjustment of status; Visa Lawful permanent resident; Naturalization petition defined; #3621 NOTICE TO APPEAR: see Removal pro- PERMISSION TO REAPPLY FOR

1031 ADMISSION: persecution claim: advance; #2723, 3524 abandonment of claim; #2726, 3024, arrested and deported, question of; #2943, 3053, 3116 3114 adjournment of hearing for: authority to grant; #3524, 3590 adjudication by district director; conditions of grant; #2723 #2619, 2622, 2679, 2726, 2740 effect of grant of; #3524 advisory opinion by State Depart- exclusion grounds: ment; #2571, 2573, 2870, 2927, after deportation; #2535, 2943, 3095, 3007, 3074 3114, 3176, 3268 advisory opinion of State Department; after exclusion; #2723, 3114 #2567, 2622, 2695, 2870, 2906, 2914, factors considered; #2765, 2766 2920, 2922, 2927, 2958, 3050, 3118, nunc pro tunc; #2723, 3095, 3114, 3031, 3122, 3126, 3127, 3195, 3209, 3368 3151, 3268 burden of proof: see Burden of proof retroactive; #3524 Convention against Torture: see PERSECUTION: Persecution: persecution claim: asylum: Torture Convention adjustment of status; #2857, 2905, country conditions changed, question 2922, 2958, 3118, 3163 of; #3251, 3276, 3287, 3311, 3319, appeal availability; #2571, 2573, 2679 3323, 3338, 3368, 3406, 3433, 3472, considered as withholding of deporta- 3575, 3589, 3599 tion in exclusion or deportation credibility; #3251, 3276, 3278, 3303, proceedings; #2841, 2847, 2857, 3311, 3334, 3336, 3433, 3515, 3545, 2861, 2870, 2872, 2884, 2905, 2914, 3576 2920, 2927, 2974, 2986, 2996, 3001, customary international law; #3078, 3074, 3127 3338 de novo review of renewed application; distinctions between forms of relief; #3164 #2571, 2679, 2815, 2831, 2841, 2847, deportation proceedings, availability 2857, 2922, 2986, 3028, 3033, 3050, in; #2679, 2815, 2857, 2922, 2958 3071, 3074, 3122, 3127, 3170, 3236 discretionary (humanitarian) relief; evidence: #2831, 2857, 2922, 2958, 2967, 2986, admissibility of: 3001, 3007, 3022, 3028, 3033, 3050, advisory opinion of State Depart- 3071, 3092, 3104, 3118, 3122, 3126, ment; #3050, 3307 3127, 3162, 3204, 3252, 3276, 3278, background information; #2872, 3339, 3368, 3433, 3472, 3515, 3564, 2920, 2927, 3007, 3050, 3303 3584, 3599, 3602 findings of fact from court opinion; examination of applicant in person #2927 required; #3053, 3121 statements made in prior asylum exclusion proceedings, availability in; proceedings; #3258 #2571, 2753, 2815, 2847, 2857, 2912, burden of proof and persuasion; 2922, 2927, 2958, 2981 #2986, 2996, 3033, 3041, 3107, filing date of application, question of; 3118, 3122, 3170, 3276, 3307, #3164, 3180, 3511, 3545, 3584, 3630 3308, 3334, 3336, 3337, 3339, filing of application form required; 3368, 3403, 3472, 3534, 3576, #2912 3599, 3608 firm resettlement: see Persecution: corroboration; #3576 refugee country conditions reports; #3307, grant for limited time; #2905 3308, 3338, 3368, 3433, 3495, jurisdiction; #2571, 2619, 2622, 2679, 3566, 3567, 3575 2726, 2740, 2753, 2857, 2912, 2920, governmental statements; #3093 2922, 2927, 2958, 2981, 3314 opportunity to: notification of right to apply for; #3199 inspect, explain, and rebut; #2870, physical presence in U.S.; #2883 2914, 2927 renewal in deportation or exclusion present; #3032 proceedings; #2592, 2622, 2884, roles of Service and Immigration 2912, 2912, 3164 Judge in providing; #3303 status subject to review and termina- sufficiency of: tion; #2905, 3104, 3499 application unsupported by testi- untimely filing for by unaccompanied mony; #3121 minor; #3465 Visa Waiver Program: see Visa Waiver Program

1032 background evidence of a country’s particular social group; #2974, 2986, conditions; #2679, 2695, 2831, 2996, 3050, 3065, 3093, 3107, 2872, 2920, 2996, 3050, 3303, 3187, 3195, 3219, 3222, 3276, 3338, 3530, 3566, 3567, 3569, 3278, 3308, 3403, 3430, 3504, 3575 3535, 3550, 3579, 3584, 3602, circumstantial evidence of motiva- 3617, 3618, 3622, 3624 tion for persecution; #3287, political opinion: 3338, 3569 illegal departure; #2695, 2914, undocumented claims or testimony 2927, 3215, 3541, 3566 of applicant; #2679, 2695, 2847, imputed opinion; #3041, 3074, 2861, 2885, 2914, 2927, 3028, 3215, 3287, 3305, 3307, 3308, 3050, 3065, 3107, 3122, 3251, 3311, 3368, 3403, 3430, 3569, 3278, 3303, 3308, 3311, 3337, 3617, 3618 3339, 3367, 3433, 3569 neutrality; #3041, 3050, 3170 examination of applicant required; political beliefs or activities; #3053, 3066, 3121 #2815, 2831, 2847, 2857, 2872, exemptions from eligibility for relief: 2885, 2905, 2922, 2949, 2967, aggravated felony; #3152, 3163, 2986, 3028, 3033, 3040, 3093, 3164, 3176, 3180, 3200, 3223, 3122, 3126, 3127, 3162, 3187, 3234, 3254, 3270, 3276, 3300, 3195, 3204, 3209, 3251, 3252, 3317, 3322, 3365, 3374, 3386, 3311, 3338, 3472, 3495, 3617, 3430, 3464, 3472, 3588 3618 danger to U.S. security; #3469, 3495, resistance to coercive population 3515 control program; #3107, 3215, participation in persecution; #2829, 3299, 3319, 3352, 3470, 3492, 2857, 2922, 2967, 2986, 3065, 3530, 3541, 3564, 3566, 3567, 3071, 3074, 3088, 3276, 3515 3575, 3611, 3625 particularly serious crime; #2857, race or ethnicity; #3339, 3511 2906, 2985, 3007, 3022, 3066, religious beliefs; #2847, 2996, 3074, 3071, 3092, 3152, 3155, 3163, 3104, 3118, 3195, 3209, 3252, 3164, 3176, 3180, 3201, 3222, 3346, 3368, 3433, 3495, 3501, 3223, 3276, 3300, 3322, 3365, 3511, 3523, 3576 3374, 3386, 3414, 3430, 3464, 3588 specific claims: serious nonpolitical crime; #2815, conscientious objector; #3040, 2831, 2841, 2857, 2861, 2884, 3074 2906, 2967, 2985, 3300 forcible recruitment; #3050, 3074, terrorist activities; #3469, 3534, 3581, 3127, 3170, 3182, 3187, 3195, 3605 3209, 3617, 3618 frivolous claim; #2592, 3563 former guerrilla; #3065, 3088, fundamental change in circumstances; 3170 #3492, 3584, 3622 former policeman; #3065 Geneva Convention; #3078, 3287, former soldier; #3305 3300, 3338, 3368, 3374 perceived gang affiliation; #3618 grounds of persecution: Handbook; #2815, 2906, 2949, 2967, enumerated; #2571, 2831, 2847, 2986, 2996, 3028, 3040, 3041, 3050, 2857, 2884, 2885, 2872, 2905, 3071, 3074, 3104, 3121, 3122, 3195, 2914, 2967, 2986, 2996, 3028, 3300, 3303, 3368, 3374 3033, 3040, 3041, 3050, 3065, legislative history; #2815, 2831, 2906, 3093, 3104, 3107, 3118, 3122, 2986, 2996, 3007, 3018, 3071, 3078, 3126, 3127, 3162, 3170, 3187, 3118, 3300, 3611 3195, 3204, 3215, 3276, 3287, Nazi persecution: see Nazi persecution 3305, 3307, 3308, 3309, 3311, past persecution; #3104, 3162, 3170, 3337, 3338, 3339, 3406, 3430, 3204, 3209, 3219, 3251, 3276, 3287, 3433, 3472, 3495 , 3617 3299, 3308, 3319, 3346, 3433, 3492, mixed motivations; #3287, 3307, 3511, 3541, 3584, 3599, 3602, 3622 3308, 3430, 3569 pattern or practice of persecution; nationality; #3093, 3346, 3569 #3511, 3566, 3567 “on account of,” question of; #3276, persecution: 3278, 3287, 3307, 3308, 3338, arranged marriage; #3584, 3622 3403, 3430, 3504, 3617, 3618, by individual or nongovernmental 3624, 3625 group; #2831, 2857, 2967, 2986, 3028, 3041, 3050, 3065, 3126, 3170, 3187, 3195, 3209, 3219,

1033 3276, 3278, 3305, 3307, 3308, clear probability; #2679, 2831, 2872, 3338, 3346, 3403, 3430, 3433, 2884, 2905, 2927, 2974, 2986, 3617, 3618 2996, 3001, 3028, 3033, 3040, civil strife or general violence; 3041, 3050, 3065, 3074, 3093, #2872, 2986, 2996, 3028, 3040, 3104, 3107, 3118, 3122, 3126, 3041, 3050, 3065, 3088, 3187, 3127, 3162, 3170, 3182, 3195, 3195, 3209, 3276, 3287, 3311, 3204, 3209, 3215, 3219, 3222, 3323, 3430 3251, 3252, 3276, 3305, 3307, confinement; #2847, 3002, 3093, 3308, 3309, 3311, 3334, 3337, 3127, 3162, 3222 3338, 3339, 3430, 3636 constitutional rights, violation of; more likely than not; #3523 #3107 well-founded fear; #2679, 2905, country-wide (relocation, question 2914, 2927, 2974, 2986, 2996, of); #2986, 3065, 3195, 3209, 3276, 3001, 3028, 3040, 3041, 3050, 3278, 3305, 3338, 3579, 3584, 3599 3065, 3074, 3093, 3104, 3107, defined; #2949, 2963, 2967, 2986, 3118, 3122, 3126, 3127, 3162, 2996, 3002, 3041, 3088, 3276, 3319 3170, 3182, 3195, 3204, 3209, deprivation of livelihood; #3162, 3215, 3219, 3251, 3252, 3276, 3204, 3564 3287, 3305, 3307, 3308, 3309, domestic violence; #3403, 3504, 3624 3311, 3334, 3337, 3338, 3339, economic sanctions; #3564, 3566, 3368, 3433, 3472, 3492, 3495, 3567, 3575 3599, 3608 extortion; #3307 stowaway, claim by; #3257, 3258 investigation of terrorism; #3636 Torture Convention: family members threatened or burden of proof: see Burden of proof harmed; #3311, 3338, 3472, 3579, consent or acquiescence of public 3617, 3618 official; #3430, 3464, 3471, 3472, female genital mutilation; #3278, 3579 3511, 3569, 3579 3584, 3602, 3622 evidence, sufficiency of; #3464, fine or tax; #2679, 3307, 3564 3466, 3471, 3480, 3576, 3584, 3636 forced donation of goods or services; jurisdiction; #3365 #3187, 3195, 3209 standard of proof; #3430, 3464, harm incidental to achievement of 3466, 3471, 3480, 3515, 3532, political goal; #3088 3584, 3609 human rights, violation of; #3107, torture: 3187, 3195, 3209, 3276 definition of; #3466, 3471 kidnapping for ransom; #3308 question of what constitutes; population control, enforced; #3107, #3466, 3471, 3532 3215, 3299, 3319, 3352, 3470, refugee: 3492, 3530, 3541, 3564, 3566, adjustment of status; #2563, 2619, 3567, 3575, 3611, 3625 2740, 2806, 3414, 3499 question of what constitutes; #2679, admission as permanent resident under 2872, 2922, 2949, 2963, 2967, sec. 203(g); #2806 2986, 2996, 3002, 3028, 3040, claim of status under Convention and/or 3041, 3088, 3107, 3182, 3187, Protocol; #2571, 2573, 2622, 2679 3195, 3204, 3209, 3215, 3219, definition; #2571, 2614, 2857, 2872, 3252, 3276, 3278, 3299, 3305, 2967, 2986, 2996, 3028, 3033, 3040, 3307, 3308, 3319, 3338, 3346, 3050, 3074, 3093, 3104, 3107, 3118, 3403, 3523, 3564, 3625 3122, 3126, 3127, 3170, 3195, 3204, refusal of country to accept return of 3251, 3252, 3276, 3287, 3299, 3319, nationals; #2974 3338, 3339, 3403, 3470, 3564, 3569, threat against life or freedom; #2831, 3584, 3599, 3611 2857, 3307, 3346 derivative status; #2958, 3611 presumption of future persecution from evacuees from Vietnam; #2614 past persecution: see Evidence: exclusion proceedings: presumptions claim made in; #2571, 2573, 2614, Refugee Act; #2815, 2829, 2831, 3018, 3276, 3278, 3287 2857, 2883, 2922, 2986, 2996, 3007, propriety of; #3018 3018, 3041, 3071, 3074, 3078, 3118, expulsion of; #2571, 2573, 3078 3182, 3276 firm resettlement; #2740, 2829, 2857, reopening of proceedings: see Mo- 2905, 2922, 3118, 3162, 3276, 3560 tions: reopening of proceedings jurisdiction; #2571, 2619, 2622, 2740, standard of proof: 2883, 2986

1034 parole; #2573, 2614, 2806, 2883, 3018, country-specific relief; #2740, 2857, 3571 2922, 2986, 3163, 3222, 3252 refugee travel document; #2573, 3033 mandatory relief; #2831, 2922, 3028, termination of status; #3018, 3520 3126, 3222, 3515 waiver; #2883, 2922, 3018, 3071, notification of right to apply for; 3414, 3472, 3499 #2740, 3199 war refugee or displaced person; #3078 withholding of removal: specific countries: affords no permanent right to remain; Afghanistan; #2922, 2958, 3127, 3251, #3595 3368, 3406 availability to alien with reinstated order Algeria; #3515 of removal; #3557 Burma; #3581, 3605 exemptions from eligibility for: China; #2592, 2857, 3104, 3107, 3215, aggravated felony; #3410, 3430, 3299, 3319, 3470, 3492, 3530, 3541, 3434 3564, 3566, 3567, 3575, 3576, 3611, particularly serious crime; #3410, 3625 3430, 3434 Colombia; #3535 grant of without asylum requires order Cuba; #2815, 2841, 2847, 2861, 2884, of removal; #3595 2885, 2905, 2974, 3007, 3022, 3093, mandatory relief; #3595 3162, 3222 prevents removal only to specified Dominican Republic; #3464, 3532 country of risk; #3595 Egypt; #3523 standard of proof; #3511, 3584 El Salvador; #2872, 2986, 2996, 3040, PETTY OFFENSE: see Crime involving 3041, 3050, 3065, 3074, 3078, 3088, moral turpitude 3126, 3170, 3617 PLACE OF DEPORTATION: Guatemala; #3305, 3403, 3550, 3608, exclusion proceedings; #2614, 2922 3624 procedures for determining; #2693, 2922, Haiti; #2571, 2695, 2914, 2920, 2927, 2958, 3000, 3176, 3400 3219, 3252, 3311, 3464, 3466, 3472 specific countries: Honduras; #3618 Canada; #3176 Hong Kong; #2857 China; #2693, 2787 India; #3122, 3195, 3209 Republic of Estonia; #3000 Indonesia; #3511 withholding of deportation granted Iran; #2843, 2868, 3001, 3028, 3118, without asylum; #3118 3471 PLACE OF DESIGNATION: see Place of Ireland; #2831, 2967 deportation Jamaica; #3464 PREFERENCE: see Quota preference Kenya; #3599 PREJUDICIAL OF U.S. INTERESTS: Korea; #3560 see Subversive Lebanon; #3495 PRESUMPTIONS AND INFERENCES: Liberia; #3323 see Burden of proof: deportation Mali; #3584, 3622 proceedings; Deportation grounds: failure Mauritania; #3334, 3337, 3339 of alien to prove time, place, and manner Morocco; #3433 of entry; Evidence: presumptions; Nicaragua; #3182, 3204, 3309 Exclusion grounds: specific grounds: visa, Nigeria; #3480 no valid immigrant; Fine: sec. 273; Fraud: Peru; #2679, 3338 fraudulent marriage; Visa petition: Philippines; #3307, 3308 evidence Qatar; #3636 PRIOR DETERMINATIONS: see also Rwanda; #3569 Deportation proceedings: collateral attack; Senegal; #3579 Estoppel: collateral Singapore; #3534 U.S. citizenship, proof of; #2968 Somalia; #3276, 3602 PROFESSION: see Nonimmigrant: Sri Lanka; #3187, 3287 specific classification: worker coming Togo; #3278 temporarily to perform services: Ukraine; #3501, 3586, 3609 distinguished merit and ability Yugoslavia; #3033 PUBLIC CHARGE: withholding of deportation: affidavit of support, consideration given; availability in: #2761 deportation proceedings; #2592, factors considered; #2563, 2761, 3097 2679, 2815, 3001, 3365 waiver: see Waivers: sec. 213 exclusion proceedings; #2571, 2815, 3001

1035 Q permanent employment, offer of by qualified petitioner; #2860, 3013 QUOTA PREFERENCE: employment-based (post-1990 Act): R advanced degree professional; #3363 alien entrepreneur (investor); #3359, RECOGNITION AND ACCREDITATION: 3360, 3361, 3362 see also Attorneys and representatives alien of exceptional ability; #3363 accreditation of alien refugee law gradu- alien with extraordinary ability; #3241 ate; #2743 professional or exceptional ability in application, proper filing of; #3132, 3196, sciences or arts (third): 3614, 3615 filing date as date of labor certification nominal charges; #3012, 3132, 3196, application; #2570, 2734 3210, 3292, 3614 requirements: nonprofit status; #3210 baccalaureate degree or equivalent; requirements for; #3132, 3196, 3210, #2757, 2835, 2988 3292, 3614, 3615 intent to engage in profession; #2757 withdrawal of recognition; #3210 precertification for labor certifica- RECOMMENDATION AGAINST tion: see Labor certification: DEPORTATION: exemption from bars use of conviction for deportability; prospects for employment in fore- #3159 seeable future; #2757 discretionary relief, consideration of specific professions: conviction; #2564 chemist; #2757 notice to Service; #3120 manager of marketing and sales firm; protection only from conviction for which #2988 granted; #2845 medical school graduate; #2850 repealed by 1990 Act; #3159, 3607 professor of environmental epide- smuggling for gain, ineffective against miology; #2850 charge of; #3099 technical writer; #2835 timeliness; #2608 refugees (seventh): see also Persecution: RECONSIDERATION: see Motions: refugee reconsideration adjustment of status: RECORD OF LAWFUL ADMISSION: admissibility, question of; #2563 see Adjustment of status: sec. 249, 1952 Act, eligibility for as bar to admission as as amended permanent resident under sec. RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS: see Ap- 203(g); #2806 peal; Fair hearing; Immigration Judge jurisdiction; #2619 REENTRY PERMIT: simultaneous filing with adjustment abandonment of residence, question of; application; #2619, 2740 #2828 unauthorized employment; #2806 REFUGEE: see Persecution: refugee eligibility for refugee status; #2740 REFUGEE ACT OF 1980: see Persecu- relative (first, second, fourth, and fifth): tion: persecution claim see Child; Divorce; Marriage; Visa REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS: see petition also Address reporting requirements skilled or unskilled laborers (sixth): duty to register; #3458 corporate petitioner filing for stock- REGISTRY: see Adjustment of status: sec. holder; #2772, 2849 249, 1952 Act, as amended filing date as date of labor certification REGULATIONS: application; #2566, 2734 agency’s interpretation of entitled to nonimmigrant ineligible to offer per- controlling weight; #3626 manent employment; #2860 Attorney General, effect of regulations nonpreference qualification as bar to by; #3105, 3106, 3176, 3261, 3317, 3365, preference status; #2849 3368, 3388, 3407, 3425, 3513, 3626 requirements: ability of petitioner to pay wage of- fered; #2566, 3035 eligibility when labor certification filed; #2566, 2570 job different from prior temporary work as nonimmigrant; #2807 labor certification: see Labor certi- fication

1036 interpretation of; #2788, 3142, 3144, RESCISSION OF ADJUSTMENT OF 3151, 3293, 3310, 3314, 3327, 3353, STATUS: 3368, 3381, 3394, 3413, 3414, 3416, burden of proof: see Burden of proof 3419, 3420, 3425, 3430, 3441, 3442, conditional grant of adjustment of status 3458, 3466, 3485, 3486, 3488, 3492, must be rescinded; #2755 3495, 3496, 3499, 3506, 3510, 3518, deportation proceedings: 3521, 3524, 3526, 3527, 3533, 3580, not barred after 5-year limitation period 3582, 3583, 3587, 3589, 3626, 3630, runs; #2793 3634, 3639 not permitted within 5 years of adjustment jurisdiction to consider challenge to; without prior rescission; #2610 #3105, 3106, 3153, 3180 eligibility for other numerical classifica- Service, effect of regulations by; #3183 tions; #2742 transfer of, pursuant to Homeland Security estoppel; #2886, 2994, 3056, 3153 Act of 2002; #3488, 3492, 3495, 3496, evidence; #2597, 2742, 2811, 3419 3499 jurisdiction to: violation of; #2756, 2780, 2969, 3142, institute proceedings; #2610, 3056 3153, 3183, 3265, 3366, 3397, 3495 rescind status of special agricultural Visa Waiver Program: see Visa Waiver worker; #3419 Program review district director’s order; #3115 RELIEF FROM DEPORTATION: see review Immigration Judge’s decision; Adjustment of status; Cancellation of #3153 removal; Discretionary relief; Permission to terminate proceedings; #3056 reapply; Persecution; Recommendation labor certification invalid; #2632, 2886 against deportation; Suspension of marriage on which adjustment based: deportation; Voluntary departure; Waivers fraudulent; #2597, 2793, 2811, 2978, RELIGIOUS WORKER: see Adjustment 3056 of status; Labor certification; Special nonviable; #2781, 2811 immigrant terminated; #2811 REMAND: see Motions notice of intention to rescind: REMOVAL: sufficiency of; #2610, 2742 aliens are only persons subject to; #3489 tolls time limitation; #2978 departure from U.S. while under order of; time limitation on proceedings; #2610, #3475 2627, 2755, 2793, 2886, 2978 reinstated order of; #3557 waiver: REMOVAL GROUNDS: see Deportation sec. 212(e), invalidity of; #2994 grounds; Inadmissibility grounds sec. 241(f) not available in rescission REMOVAL PROCEEDINGS: proceedings; #2978 civil nature of; #3632 RESIDENCE: see Commuter; Lawful per- expedited: manent resident; Reentry permit; Waivers: credible fear determination; #3510 sec. 212(c) jurisdiction to determine custody status; RES JUDICATA: see Estoppel: collateral #3510 RETURNING LAWFUL PERMANENT finality of; #3626, 3634 RESIDENT ALIEN: Notice to Appear: see also Deportation abandonment of status: see Lawful perma- proceedings: Order to Show Cause nent resident contents of; #3458, 3484 burden of proof when colorable claim to service of: status made: see Burden of proof: means of; #3458, 3484, 3485, 3628, exclusion proceedings 3629 deportability following entry without in- on a minor; #3483, 3484 spection; #2923, 2925 sufficiency of; #3458, 3484, 3485, entry: see Fleuti doctrine 3628, 3629 exclusion proceedings, propriety of: see terminates continuous residence or Fleuti doctrine physical presence; #3475, 3477, reentry permit: see Reentry permit 3500, 3516, 3517, 3528 returning resident immigrant defined; termination of refugee status as precondition #2796 to; #3520 seeking admission: REOPENING OF PROCEEDINGS: see applicability of Fleuti doctrine; #3333 Motions committed criminal offense; #3333, 3568 REPRESENTATIVES: see Attorneys temporary absence, question of; #2741, and representatives; Recognition and 2796, 2828 accreditation termination of status: see Lawful perma- nent resident

1037 visa, validity of after entry without inspec- motion to reopen filed during voluntary tion; #2925 departure period; #3290 waiver of documents: see Waivers: sec. failure to appear for: 211(b) deportation; #3253 waiver of grounds of excludability: see hearing; #3288, 3348, 3349, 3350, Waivers: sec. 212(c) 3369 REVOCATION OF APPROVAL OF VISA failure to file sec. 242B(c)(3)(A) motion PETITION: see Visa petition: revocation of to rescind within 180 days; #3356, 3357 failure to timely depart voluntarily; S #3290, 3332 notice; #3253, 3265, 3288, 3296, 3310, SEAMAN: see Fine; Nonimmigrant: speci- 3349, 3369 fic classification: crewman prejudice, showing of not required; SEC. 101(a)(48): see Conviction of crime #3284, 3296 SEC. 201(f)(1): see Child rescission of in absentia order; #3369 SEC. 204(c): see Fraud: fraudulent mar- stay pending adjudication of motion to riage reopen; #3266, 3369 SEC. 204(h): see Visa petition: marriage: SEC. 243(h): see Persecution: persecution, spouse petition withholding of deportation SEC. 209(c): see Waivers SEC. 244(a): see Suspension of deportation SEC. 211(b): see Waivers SEC. 244(e): see Voluntary departure SEC. 212(a)(14): see Labor certification SEC. 245: see Adjustment of status SEC. 212(a)(28)(I): see Subversives SEC. 245(e)(1) and (2): see Fraud: fraudu- SEC. 212(c): see Waivers lent marriage SEC. 212(d)(5): see Parole SEC. 249: see Adjustment of status: sec. SEC. 212(d)(11): see Smuggling aliens 249, 1952 Act, as amended SEC. 212(e): see Waivers SEC. 265: see Address reporting require- SEC. 212(i) [formerly sec. 212(h)]: see ments; Legalization: continuous unlawful Waivers residence SEC. 212(k): see Waivers SEC. 266: see Address reporting requirements SEC. 216(b): see Conditional permanent SEC. 274C: see Fraud; Voluntary departure: resident eligibility for SEC. 216(c)(4): see Waivers SENTENCED TO CONFINEMENT: see SEC. 217: see Visa Waiver Program Conviction of crime: sentence SEC. 240A: see Cancellation of removal SEVENTH PROVISO: see Waivers: sec. SEC. 240B: see Voluntary departure 212(c) SEC. 241(a)(1)(E)(iii): see Smuggling SILVA v. LEVI: see also Adjustment of aliens status; Suspension of deportation; Volun-tary SEC. 241(a)(1)(H): see Waivers departure SEC. 241(b)(3)(B): see Persecution: injunction in; #2745, 2775, 2818, 3010 persecution claim: exemptions from SMUGGLING ALIENS: eligibility for relief conviction unnecessary; #2747 SEC. 241(f): see Waivers crime involving moral turpitude, question SEC. 242(i): see Deportation proceedings: of: see Crime involving moral turpitude expeditious handling of family members; #3269 SEC. 242B: see also Adjustment of status; “for gain” requirement; #2660, 2859, Board of Immigration Appeals: jurisdiction, 3099, 3145, 3249, 3269 question of authority to consider; legislative history; #3269 Deportation; Fair hearing: in absentia waiver of; #3249, 3269 hearing; Immigration Judge: order of; SON OR DAUGHTER: see Child; Mar- Motions: reopening of proceedings: specific riage; Parent claims: in absentia hearing improper; SPECIAL AGRICULTURAL WORKER: Suspension of deportation; Voluntary see Legalization departure SPECIAL IMMIGRANT: exceptional circumstances, question of: jurisdiction to determine status; #2673 counsel error; #3253, 3284, 3296 labor certification: see Labor certifi- employment; #3288 cation: exemption from illegibility of notice, claim of; #3349 minister: illness of family member; #3324, 3332 qualification as; #2673, 2797, 2810, illness or injury of alien; #3332, 3348, 3014 3350 unauthorized employment; #2915, 2955 suspension of deportation, eligibility for; #2569

1038 Western Hemisphere native; #2662, 2794 presumption that Congress: SPECIAL INQUIRY OFFICER: see Im- acts intentionally in disparate migration Judge inclusion or omission; #3118, STATUS: see Adjustment of Status; 3264, 3289, 3377, 3411, 3494, Conditional permanent resident; Deportation 3551, 3590, 3610 grounds; Lawful permanent resident; expresses intent by ordinary mean- Legalization; Noncitizen national of United ing of words chosen; #3131, States; Nonimmigrant; Persecution: refugee 3151, 3163, 3176, 3178, 3181, STATUTE: 3191, 3207, 3233, 3249, 3256, constitutionality of: see Constitutionality 3288, 3300, 3301, 3356, 3357, of statutes 3364, 3369, 3376, 3391, 3411, construction of: 3414, 3419, 3428, 3435, 3438, fine: see Fine 3447, 3499, 3569, 3589, 3597 deference given to agency’s interpre- intended statute to have meaning- tation; #3111 ful effect; #3155, 3289, 3301, legislative history, consideration of; 3309, 3483, 3590 #3151, 3300, 3309, 3356, 3357, 3364, knows prior construction of statute; 3377, 3385, 3389, 3426, 3443, 3454, #3073, 3163, 3447 3512, 3551, 3569, 3597 repeal by implication disfavored; rules of: #3235, 3300 absurdity principle; #3318 retroactivity disfavored; #3242, apply to regulations; #3136, 3381, 3289, 3297, 3454 3414, 3419, 3450, 3527, 3630 specific provision prevails over gen- constitutional invalidity to be eral one; #3099 avoided; #3318 statutory language prevails over construed to avoid surplusage; #3309, legislative history; #3389, 3443, 3369, 3389, 3414, 3419, 3428, 3450, 3591, 3597 3527 temporary provisions not in perma- construed to be consistent; #3094, nent law; #3385 3235, 3243, 3253, 3300, 3309, 3318, divisible; #2719; 3125, 3273, 3274, 3275, 3369, 3381, 3385, 3414, 3417, 3419, 3390, 3498, 3610 3451, 3454, 3549, 3569 effective date; #3152, 3163, 3176, 3186, ejusdem generis; #2986 3199, 3289, 3297, 3299, 3301, 3309, expressio unius est exclusio alterius; 3321, 3326, 3340, 3364, 3385, 3416, #3179, 3256, 3335, 3369, 3435, 3426, 3551, 3570 3450, 3469 law applicable when Act amended general rule applicable to all but pending hearing or appeal; #3152, 3176, exceptions; #3385 3184, 3297, 3301, 3302, 3313, 3317, permissive (“may”) versus mandatory 3416 (“shall”) language; #3499 retroactive application of; #3002, 3083, plain meaning of language: 3152, 3176, 3199, 3202, 3242, 3289, ambiguous; #3269, 3438, 3443, 3295, 3297, 3301, 3302, 3309, 3317, 3451, 3454, 3551, 3626 3320, 3326, 3364, 3380, 3389, 3413, controls interpretation; #3151, 3416, 3473, 3505, 3531, 3542 3207, 3233, 3235, 3246, 3288, STEPCHILD: see Child: stepchild 3295, 3297, 3301, 3309, 3318, STEPPARENT: see Child: stepchild 3335, 3356, 3357, 3364, 3369, STOWAWAY: 3385, 3389, 3391, 3411, 3414, asylum claim by: see Due process; Perse- 3419, 3428, 3440, 3443, 3447, cution: persecution claim 3450, 3451, 3458, 3461, 3469, exclusion, procedure for; #2981 3494, 3499, 3512, 3543, 3554, fine for bringing to U.S.: see Fine: 3590, 3597 specific fine statutes: sec. 273 given no effect if it frustrates pur- STUDENT: see Nonimmigrant: specific pose; #3178 classification not limited by title or heading; #3591 SUBPOENA: starting point for interpretation; authority to issue subpoena; #2538 #3131, 3137, 3163, 3175, 3176, right to; #2536, 2538 3181, 3191, 3249, 3256, 3290, SUBVERSIVE: 3295, 3300, 3301, 3356, 3357, exclusion ground, exception for nonimmi- 3364, 3376, 3388, 3417, 3438, grants; #3123 3440, 3443, 3447, 3451, 3454, involuntary membership in proscribed 3499, 3512, 3551, 3569, 3589 organization; #2646, 3123 “meaningful association” test; #3123

1039 SUSPENSION FROM PRACTICE: see Adjustment of status Attorneys and representatives SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION: see V also Discretionary relief burden of proof: see Burden of proof VENUE: see also Motions: venue change continuous physical presence; #2853, authority of Immigration Judge to change: 2962, 3016, 3073, 3277, 3309, 3385, see Immigration Judge 3475 custody location not affected by venue discretion; #2818, 3225, 3280, 3281 change; #3174 eligibility for: motion for change of venue: see Motions: aggravated felon; #3218, 3223 venue change alien in exclusion proceedings; #3354 proper place of; #2571, 3072, 3174, alien in violation of sec. 242B; #3290 3199 crewman; #2943 reasons for decision required; #3174 exchange visitor; #2667, 2957, 3004 regulations: native of contiguous country; #2535, bond proceedings excluded; #3133 2569 exclusion proceedings; #3133 Nazi persecution participant; #2949, VIETNAM: 2963, 3002 evacuees from; #2614 Silva alien; #3010 VISA: see Exclusion grounds; Fraud; Non- special immigrant; #2569 immigrant extreme hardship; #2541, 2669, 2679, VISA CHARGE: see Exclusion grounds; 2907, 2973, 3225, 3230, 3236, 3280, Fraud; Nonimmigrant 3281, 3298, 3446 VISA PETITION: see also Child; Divorce; good moral character: see Crime in- Marriage; Parent; Quota preference volving moral turpitude; Good moral appeal only by petitioner; #2699, 2874, character 2999, 3130 persecution claim, extreme hardship not approval of: established by; #3281 required for adjustment of status; reopening of proceedings to apply for: #2555, 2634, 3173, 3551, 3577 see Motions vests no rights; #3051 beneficiary of prima facie approvable T petition, deportation of; #2684, 3640 burden of proof: see Burden of proof TEMPORARY PROTECTED STATUS: eligibility at time of filing; #2566, 2570, authority to adjudicate; #3554 2880, 2901, 3023, 3061, 3100, 3171, availability in removal proceedings; #3554 3577 ineligibility: evidence: convicted of felony; #3163 adoption records; #2620, 2698, 2887, TEMPORARY RESIDENT STATUS: 2966, 3026, 3244 see Legalization appeal, submission on; #3029, 3042, TEMPORARY WORKER: see Nonimmi- 3049, 3081 grant: specific classification birth records; #2558, 2674, 2681, TERRORIST ACTIVITIES: see 2682, 2790, 2938, 3048, 3160, 3328 Inadmissibility grounds; Persecution: blood tests; #3378 persecution: exemptions from eligibility Chinese notorial certificates; #3160 for relief citizenship; #2681, 2968 TRAINEE: see Nonimmigrant: specific classified information; #2540, 3029 classification discrepancies; #2674, 2790, 2966, TRANSCRIPT: see also Evidence: admis- 3051 sibility: documents divorce; #2699, 2997, 3606 appeal: see Appeal foreign documents: criminal proceeding, as part of record authenticity of; #2558, 3606 of conviction; #2719 reliability of; #2790, 2938, 2966, TRANSIT WITHOUT VISA (TRWOV): 3160 see Fine: specific fine statutes: sec. 231; sufficiency of; #2558, 2790, 2938, Nonimmigrant: specific classification 2996, 3026, 3160 TREATY INVESTOR OR TRADER: see marriage: Nonimmigrant: specific classification bona fides of; #2657, 2782, 2951, 3081, 3083, 3086, 3140, 3203, U 3463, 3577 common law; #2677 UNAUTHORIZED EMPLOYMENT: see

1040 notice of evidentiary requirements; VISA WAIVER PROGRAM: see also #3081, 3117 Bond, delivery; Immigration Judge: original documents required; #3048 authority to parental control; #3117, 3129 asylum applicant; #3183, 3193, 3263, parent-child relationship; #3061, 3407 3112, 3328, 3329 bond redetermination; #3263 presumption of fraud in prior marriage; commencement of deportation pro- #3083 ceedings; #3183, 3263 right to inspect and rebut; #2540, 2555, commencement of exclusion proceedings; 3042, 3081 #3193, 3263 filing date of; #3171 commencement of removal proceedings; lawful permanent resident: #3407 ability to confer immigration benefits; visa requirement waived; #3183, 3193 #2690, 2813, 3083 waiver of rights; #3183, 3193, 3263 adjustment of status in deportation VISITOR: see Nonimmigrant: specific proceedings; #2555 classification marriage: VOLUNTARY DEPARTURE: see also fraud: see Fraud: fraudulent marriage Discretionary relief legal separation; #2817 appeal: spouse petition: frivolous or filed for purpose of delay; adjudication procedures under Stokes #3015, 3141 v. INS; #3021 from order granting relief requested; marriage entered into while alien in #3141, 3399 proceedings; #3034, 3140, 3173, time granted for reinstatement on; 3358, 3394, 3463 #2572, 3511 prior fraudulent marriage of lawful tolls running of time granted; #2572 permanent resident petitioner; bond; #3399, 3511, 3546, 3636 #3083, 3100 burden of proof: see Burden of proof validity: see Marriage: validity of conditions of; #3636 viability: see Marriage: viability of departure pursuant to grant of precludes notice of intention to deny; #3042 subsequent challenge to deportation priority date, question of; #2566, 2570, order; #2834 2734, 2880, 2901, 3023, 3035, 3100, discretion: 3171 admissibility of evidence relating to resubmission of; #3171 exercise of; #2818 reuse of; #3527 facilitating return as immigrant; #2639 revocation of: factors considered; #2647, 2832, 2930, appeal: 2992, 3107, 3122, 3151, 3188, 3245 from automatic revocation; #2998 removal proceedings; #3399 petitioner, permitted only by; #2999 eligibility for: burden of proof: see Burden of proof aggravated felon; #3131, 3176, 3218, “good and sufficient cause”; #3029, 3223, 3386, 3408 3049, 3130, 3207, 3351 alien previously granted relief under inapplicable in exclusion proceedings; sec. 240B; #3399 #2837 arriving aliens placed in removal pro- jurisdiction to review; #2998, 3031, ceedings; #3399 3351 convicted of crime enumerated in sec. notice of intention to revoke; #2741, 241(a)(5); #3188 2837, 3029, 3049, 3130, 3207 convicted of crime involving moral requirements for; #3029, 3049, 3130, turpitude; #3059 3207 convicted of crime not basis of right to inspect and rebut evidence; deportability; #3188 #3029, 3042, 3049 conviction barring eligibility not final; sufficiency of evidence; #3029, 3049, #3245 3051, 3129, 3130, 3207 crewman; #2647 simultaneous filing with adjustment appli- in violation of sec. 242B; #3290 cation; #2634, 2684, 2734, 2738, 3021, in violation of sec. 274C for document 3173, 3394, 3463, 3640 fraud; #3264 standing of beneficiary; #2699, 2874, Nazi persecution participant; #2949, 2999 3002 widow or widower, child of; #3421 extended or indefinite: withdrawn petition improperly denied; jurisdiction: see Board of Immigration #2528

1041 Appeals; District Director; Immi- refugee of special humanitarian gration Judge concern; #2883, 3018, 3071, 3414 pending availability of visa; #3167 sec. 209(c): pending issuance of visa abroad; #2750 asylee applicant for adjustment of policy of Service; #2625, 3167 status; #3499 termination of; #3167 jurisdiction; #3499 extension of time granted; #2572, 2834, prior acquisition of lawful permanent 3290, 3399, 3442 resident status bars eligibility for; failure to depart: #3586 penalties for: refugee applicant for adjustment of alien who failed to post bond not status; #2922, 2958, 3071, 3414, subject to; #3546 3472, 3499 ineligibility for relief; #3399, 3546, sec. 211(b): 3552 available nunc pro tunc in deportation voluntariness exception; #3552 proceedings; #3031, 3151 failure to post voluntary departure bond, denial of waiver not an adjudication of effect of; #3546 permanent resident status; #2813 good moral character: see also Crime fine liability, effect of waiver on; involving moral turpitude; Good moral #3388 character sec. 212(c): not required under sec. 240B(a); #3408 alien not under proceedings or plan- required for 5 years preceding appli- ning departure; #2795 cation; #2832, 3073, 3169, 3188, availability: 3399, 3408, 3613 in deportation/removal proceedings: required for 10 years following con- in conjunction with: viction for crime involving moral adjustment application; #2557, turpitude; #3059 2631, 2819, 3213, 3260, 3320, jurisdiction: see Board of Immigration 3505 Appeals; District Director; Immigration request for nunc pro tunc permis- Judge sion to reapply; #3268, 3320 limitation on time granted; #2572, 2930, to: 3078, 3290, 3546 aggravated felon; #3146, 3148, motion to reopen does not toll running 3176, 3185, 3192, 3229, 3242, of time granted; #3290 3254, 3261, 3262, 3289, 3340, penalties for failure to depart; #3399 3416, 3439, 3505, 3509, 3514 prehearing grant; #2750, 2834, 3400, alien granted sec. 241(f) waiver; 3475, 3495 #3214 reinstatement: drug offender in Ninth Circuit; on appeal; #2572, 3015, 3511 #2819, 2875 requirements for; #2957, 2992 incarcerated alien; #2703 to facilitate return as immigrant; #2639 nondeparting alien; #2532, 2537, removal proceedings, alien in; #3399, 2557, 2604, 2608, 2701, 2703, 3408, 3429 2795, 3058, 3134, 3147, 3148, reopening of proceedings to apply for: 3172, 3213, 3214, 3261, 3262, see Motions 3291, 3295, 3514 requirements for; #2572, 2832, 3059, specified criminal aliens; #3289, 3078, 3245, 3290, 3399, 3408, 3429 3318, 3320, 3340, 3377, 3416 revocation or vacation of grant; #3167, waive deportation grounds; 3399 #2532, 2557, 2559, 2701, Service grant of prior to removal pro- 2703, 2980, 3101, 3146, 3147, ceedings; #3399 3148, 3159, 3189, 3191, 3192, Silva aliens; #2818 3199, 3200, 3201, 3213, 3243, testimony supporting application unavail- 3274, 3291, 3295, 3340, 3416, able to establish deportability; #2725 3505, 3509, 3514 time period usually granted; #2930 in exclusion proceedings: waiver of appeal rights; #3399, 3408, to specified criminals aliens; 3429 #3318 nunc pro tunc; #2532, 2557, 2604, W 3268 retroactivity of restrictions on; WAIVERS: see also Discretionary relief #3289, 3320, 3413, 3505 sec. 207(c)(3): to alien not a lawful permanent resi- dent; #3268

1042 burden of proof: see Burden of proof sec. 212(h): conditional grant of relief; #2789, availability: 3109, 3168 in deportation or removal pro- constitutionality of; #3318 ceedings nunc pro tunc or in departure and return during deportation conjunction with adjustment proceedings, effect on application; application; #2751, 2845, 3034, #2924 3158, 3167, 3184, 3272, 3297, discretion, factors considered; #2666, 3326, 3335 2703, 2727, 2823, 2926, 3058, 3134, to aggravated felon; #3297, 3326, 3148, 3161, 3168, 3172, 3229, 3236, 3335, 3371, 3386, 3424, 3616 3247, 3260, 3289, 3342 to alien admitted as lawful permanent effect of grant of waiver; #3109, 3159 resident; #3371, 3568, 3616 lawful permanent resident status, termi- to alien not admitted as lawful perma- nation of: see Lawful permanent nent resident; #3335, 3371 resident to alien who “lawfully resided legislative history; #2733, 3146, 3147, continuously” for 7 years; #3616 3318, 3320 burden of proof: see Burden of proof rehabilitation; #3168, 3172, 3229, exclusion grounds waived; #3200, 3247, 3289, 3342 3272, 3371, 3594, 3616 remand, motion to: see Motions extreme hardship; #3272 reopening of proceedings to apply for: factors considered; #2751, 2845, 2989, see Motions 3158, 3272 returning to lawful unrelinquished familial relationship requirement; domicile of 7 years; #2579, 2604, #2595, 2751, 3184, 3272 2631, 2703, 2718, 2733, 2735, 2751, requirements under 1990 Act and 1991 2779, 2878, 2926, 3058, 3069, 3092, Amendments; #3184 3134, 3148, 3161, 3172, 3214, 3261, restrictions under IIRIRA; #3326, 3371, 3262, 3268 3616 termination of eligibility for: see also sec. 212(i): Lawful permanent resident: ter- availability in deportation proceedings; mination of status as, question of #3291 requisite domicile of 7 years ac- eligibility requirements; #2767, 3380 quired prior to final deportation extreme hardship; #3380, 3446 order; #3260 factors considered; #2767, 2770, 2771, sec. 212(d)(3): 3380 availability nunc pro tunc in deportation inapplicable to waive document fraud; proceedings; #3114 #3264 factors considered; #2644 sec. 212(k): sec. 212(d)(3)(B)(i): authority to adjudicate; #3031, 3151 authority to adjudicate; #3605 factors considered; #3031 material support, question of; #3581, sec. 213: 3605 public charge bond; #3393 sec. 212(d)(4)(A): sec. 216(c)(4): authority to adjudicate; #2911, 2961 waiver of joint petition requirement; fine liability, effect of waiver on; #3452 #3151, 3175, 3224, 3231, 3238, 3383, nonimmigrant status required; #2885 3587 sec. 212(d)(11): see Smuggling aliens: sec. 217: see Visa Waiver Program waiver of sec. 237(a)(1)(H): sec. 212(e): see also Foreign residence relationship to a living relative required; requirement; Nonimmigrant: specific #3627 classification: exchange visitor “willful or innocent”; #3539 adjustment of status rescinded due to sec. 241(a)(1)(E)(iii): see Smuggling improper approval of waiver; #2994 aliens: waiver of authority to review district director’s sec. 241(a)(1)(H): decision; #2562, 2994, 3004 discretion, factors considered: #3372 “no objection” letter does not consti- sec. 241(f): tute a waiver; #2814 availability: recommendation of Secretary of State in rescission proceedings; #2978 required; #2994 to: alien claiming eligibility based on sham marriage; #2960

1043 alien deportable due to termination of conditional permanent residence; #3238 alien deportable for entry by fraudulent marriage; #2675 alien entering on false claim to citizenship; #2675 alien excludable at entry for invalid visa; #2675, 2714, 2874 alien excludable at entry on labor certification charge; #2662, 2675, 2960 waive fraud committed during ad- justment of status process; #2976 waive innocent misrepresentation; #2713 discretion, factors considered; #2960 effect of grant of waiver; #3214 familial relationship requirement; #2662, 2675, 2960 legislative history; #2874, 2960 otherwise admissible requirement; #2662, 2714, 2874, 3095 permission to reapply, nunc pro tunc, filed in conjunction with; #3095 repealed; #3291 sec. 241(f)(2): requirements for eligibility; #3075

WITHHOLDING OF DEPORTATION: see Persecution: persecution claim, spe- cific countries, withholding of deportation WITHHOLDING OF REMOVAL: see Persecution: persecution claim, specific countries, withholding of removal

1044