Drinking Water--Resources

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OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

December 2005 OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE DRINKING WATER RESOURCES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 OVERVIEW 1.1 RELEVANT LAWS & AGREEMENTS 1.2 GROUNDWATER POLLUTION 101 1.3 DRINKING WATER 101 2.0 SOLE SOURCE AQUIFERS 2.1 REVIEW OF PROJECTS INVOLVING A SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER 2.2 SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER MOU (FHWAIUSEPA) 3.0 RESIDENTIAL DRINKING WATER WELLS 3.1 REVIEW OF PROJECTS INVOLVING RESIDENTIAL DRINKING WATER WELLS 4.0 PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS AND DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS 4.1 PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN OHIO 4.2 WELLHEAD PROTECTION PROGRAM 4.3 SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT AND PROTECTION (SWAP) PROGRAM 4.4 ESTABLISHMENT OF DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS 4.4.1 SOURCE WATER PROTECTION AREAS INVOLVING GROUND WATER RESOURCES 4.4.2 SOURCE WATER PROTECTION AREAS INVOLVING SURFACE WATER RESOURCES 4.4.2.1 DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS INVOLVING THE OHIO RIVER 4.4.2.2 DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS INVOLVING LAKE ERIE 4.4.3 DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREA INVOLVING THE "BELLEVUE CASTALIA KARST PLAIN" IN NORTHWEST OHIO 4.5 REVIEW OF PROJECTS INVOLVING A DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREA 4.5.1 REVIEW OF PROJECTS INVOLVING UNIQUE DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS 4.6 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION AREA ROAD SIGNS 5.0 DISCUSSING DRINKING WATER RESOURCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTS 5.1 CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION (CE) DOCUMENTS 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS (EA) AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS (EIS) 6.0 THE STATE COORDINATING COMMITTEE ON GROUNDWATER

APPENDIX I GLOSSARY

APPENDIX II POLLUTANTS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHWAY RUNOFF

APPENDIX III SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER MAPS & DESCRIPTIONS

APPENDIX IV SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER MOU

APPENDIXV WELL LOGS AND DRILLING REPORTS

APPENDIX VI OHIO EPA'S PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS

APPENDIX VII ODOT GUIDANCE IOCS ON DRINKING WATER RESOURCES

APPENDIX VIII EXAMPLE LETTERS COORDINATION LETTERS ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 DRINKING WATER RESOURCES SOP

1.0 OVERVIEW

The Office of Environmental Services (OES) is responsible for reviewing and providing oversight for projects with impacts to drinking water resources. For the purpose of this document, "drinking water resources" refers to residential wells, public water systems (from ground water and surface water sources), drinking water source protection areas, former wellhead protection areas, and sole source aquifers. The primary responsibility for identification of these resources and associated coordination lies with the District with oversight by OES. OES also monitors new rule making and legislation pertaining to drinking water resources, serves as a liaison with regulatory agencies, and provides training and assistance to Districts and consultants regarding these issues.

The primary purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the role of OES staff with ODOT projects that involve drinking water resources. The intended audience is OES staff. Table 1 is an overview of ODOT/OES procedures regarding drinking water resources. The individual procedures and resources in Table 1 are explained in more detail in the appropriate section of this document. Sections 2.0 (Sole Source Aquifers), 3.0 (Residential Drinking Water Wells), and 4.0 (Public Water Systems and Drinking Water Source Water Protection Areas) each begin with some background on the particular resource/procedure and then provide a summary table and the necessary steps for ODOT project review. Section 5.0 involves the discussion of drinking water resources in CE documents. ODOT's function in the State Coordinating Committee on Groundwater is the topic of Section 6.0.

Avoidance of potential impacts to drinking water resources in ODOT projects is simply good risk management. ODOT and its contractors should employ basic protective measures, such as avoiding refueling and maintenance activities in environmentally sensitive areas, because the potential risk of contaminating a water supply and the subsequent costly, long-term cleanup and public relations nightmare is simply not worth it.

The overall scope of the project and the type of drinking water resource involved must be considered when evaluating impacts. For most but not all projects, potential long term impacts to drinking water resources are closely related to the proposed drainage system, which could affect ground water recharge or act as a pathway for pollutants. During construction, plan notes can bring attention to the presence of a drinking water resource in the project area and such notes are often used in sensitive areas to minimize the potential for a release from refueling and maintenance activities.

Appendix I contains a list of acronyms and a glossary of ground water terms. A table of pollutants associated with highway runoff water quality can be found in Appendix II. Typically, the greatest water quality concerns involving ground water and roads are from vehicle accidents resulting in spills of hazardous materials that infiltrate the soil and reach an aquifer.

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Table 1. GENERAL PROJECT REVIEW PROCEDURES FOR DRINKING WATER RESOURCES. Section 2.0: SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER IN THE PROJECT AREA

Plan note and environmental commitment required for all projects: restrictions on refueling/maintenance activities. MOU with USEPA applies for an EA/EIS. Section 3.0: ~ RESIDENTIAL WELL IN THE PROJECT AREA

Plan note and environmental commitment required: proper well closure and landowner compensation. Section 4.0: ~ DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREA IN THE PROJECT AREA

Type of Public Community Water System Non-community Water System Water System: Ground Surface Surface Ground Surface Surface Source Water: Water Water Water Water Water Water Within Boundary of: DWSPA EMZ CMZ DWSPA EMZ CMZ

Coordination?: Yes Yes No No* No* No Plan Note and Environmental Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Commitment?:

*Coordinate with non-community systems with particular significance to the project and/or the local community. Plan note and environmental commitment involve restrictions on refueling/maintenance activities and results of coordination, if any.

1.1 RELEVANT LAWS AND AGREEMENTS

• Clean Water Act (33 USC 26 and particularly Section 1424(e) of the original PL 93-523) • 40 CFR Part 149 - Sole Source Aquifers • FHWA/USEP A MOU on project review for Sole Source Aquifers (May 15, 1989) • ODOT policy letter on procedures for implementing coordination per MOU (May 25, 1989) • Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 [P.L. 104-182 Sections 1453 and 1428(b)] • Ohio EPA Source Water Assessment and Protection Programs Guidance • Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986 (Sec. 1428) 2 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 DRINKING WATER RESOURCES SOP

• Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 [P.L. 104-182 Sections 1453 and 1428(b)] • Ohio EPA Source Water Assessment and Protection Programs Guidance • Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986 (Sec. 1428) • Ohio EPA Wellhead Protection Program, est. May 1992 • Ohio EPA Source Water Assessment and Protection Program, est. May, 1999 • ODOT guidance letter of March 8, 1996 Considering Impacts On Public Water Supply Wellfields During Project Planning as modified in the March 13, 1998 letter Updated Wellhead Protection Maps. • ODOT Inter-Office Communication, dated October 23, 2003, subject "Project Planning Involving Public Water Systems and Source Water Protection Areas". NOTE: Use of this guidance was suspended on January 30, 2004 (email to District Environmental Coordinators).

1.2 GROUNDWATER POLLUTION 101

The following information was taken from a fact sheet titled Ground Water in Ohio by Ohio EPA, Division ofDrinking and Ground Waters, 2001.

In the most general case, ground water is simply water that exists below the land surface and which fills the HVDROUIGIC spaces between soils and sand grains or the cracks and crevices in rocks. If the earth material is capable of yielding usable quantities of ground water to a well or spring, it is called an aquifer. In most areas, ground water moves slowly (sometimes only a few feet per year) because it takes a long time for water to seep through the tight spaces between the sand grains or other openings within the aquifer.

Rain and melted snow infiltrating down through the soil are the main sources of ground water. Much of the water entering the soil is consumed by plants or collected in Figure 1. The Hydrologic Cycle lakes and streams. A small amount is held by the soil, and (Source: A WWA). the rest moves slowly downward to an aquifer. The hydrologic cycle is illustrated in Figure 1.

The water table is the uppermost surface of an aquifer. Between rainfall events, the groundwater discharges to streams to keep them flowing. Streams and lakes occur where the water table is at or above the ground surface.

Activities that occur on the land surface can have a negative effect on your drinking water supply. Even if activities are well managed, accidents and spills can still happen. Some of the direct and indirect costs of groundwater contamination to a community are provided in Figure 2.

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Urban areas have many activities occurring that COSTS OF GROUND WATER can potentially contaminate an aquifer. Potential CONTAMINATION TO A COMMUNITY pollution sources are industry, fertilizers from Direct Costs: lawns and gardens, construction sites, and street o Investigation, clean up and remediation costs runoff of oil, gas and road salt. [Note: Regarding o Cost of purchasing a temporary water supply ODOT, most concerns with road salt are from from another community or bottled water (often at higher rates) exposed storage areas or maintenance yards o New wellfield development if the affected where an excessive amount of salt is dissolved wells must be abandoned by precipitation over a relatively small area and Indirect Costs: it infiltrates into the soil reaching the ground o Increased ground water monitoring expense water. ODOT good housekeeping BMPs should o Real estate devaluation o Decline in consumer confidence in water act to prevent this worse case scenario from quality occurring.] Vegetation, which normally slows o Potential lawsuits from the consumption of the rate at which contaminants travel, is scarce in contaminated water urban areas, allowing contaminants to more oLostjobs easily enter the soil and travel faster over land. Figure 2. Costs of groundwater contamination to a community. 1.3 DRINKING WATER 101

The following information was copied from the web site of Ohio EPA's, Source Water Assessment and Protection Program in February 2003.

Drinking water comes from both surface water and ground water. Surface water sources include rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Ground water is pumped from wells that are drilled into aquifers. Aquifers are geologic formations that contain water. Both surface water and ground water sources are replenished by rain or melted snow that has either filled up a surface water body or seeped into the ground.

In a typical community public water system, water is transported under pressure through a distribution network of buried pipes. Smaller pipes, called house service lines, are attached to the main water lines to bring water from the distribution network to your house. In many community water systems, water pressure is provided by pumping water up into storage tanks that store water at higher elevations than the houses they serve. The force of gravity then "pushes" the water into your horne when you tum on your tap.

Some water suppliers use treatment processes if it's necessary to remove contaminants from the drinking water. The most commonly used processes include filtration, flocculation and sedimentation, and disinfection. A typical public water system using a surface water source is described in Figure 3. Drinking water from a ground water source typically requires less treatment than water from a surface water source.

Figure 4 illustrates various drinking water sources, threats, and protection barriers which are partly the result of the Safe Drinking Water Act.

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Water Treatment Plant Follow a drop of water from the source through the treatment process. Water may be treated differently in different communities depending on the quality of the water which enters the plant. Groundwater is located underground and typically requires less.treatment than water from lakes, rivers, and streams.

Coagulation removes dirt and other particles suspended in water. Alum and other chemicals are added to water to form tiny sticky particles called "floc" which attract the dirt particles. The combined weight of the dirt and the alum (floc) become heavy enough to sink to the bottom during sedimentation.

Sedimentation: The heavy particles (floc) settle to the Storage: bottom and the Water is placed in clear water moves a closed tank or to filtration. reservoir for disinfection to take place. The water then flows through pipes to homes and businesses in the community.

Filtration: The water passes through filters, some made of Source: AWWA Dnnklng Water Week Blue Thumb Kit layers of sand, gravel, and charcoal that help remove even smaller particles.

Figure 3. Typical public water system with surface water source.

5 Safe Drinking Water Act - Protecting America's Public Health

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2.0 SOLE SOURCE AQUIFERS

The Sole Source Aquifer Protection Program is a federal program administered by USEPA as authorized by the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974. Any person may petition USEPA to designate an area as a sole source aquifer (SSA). A "person" is any individual, corporation, company, association, partnership, state, municipality, or federal agency. Most petitioners work closely with USEP A in development of a SSA petition. A petitioner is responsible for providing USEP A with hydrogeologic and drinking water usage data, and other technical and administrative information required for assessing designation criteria.

A SSA is defined as an aquifer that supplies at least 50 percent of the drinking water consumed in the area overlying the aquifer. These areas can have no alternative drinking water source(s), which could physically, legally, and economically supply all those who depend upon the aquifer for drinking water. There are 72 designated SSAs in the U.S. and Ohio has four of them: Catawba Island, Allen County, Pleasant City (Guernsey Co.), and the Buried Valley Aquifer System (Great Miami Valley). These SSAs are located in Districts 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8. Detailed maps of each SSA are located at district offices and available using GeoMedia. Maps and detailed descriptions of individual SSAs are available in Appendix III. A state map displaying the location of SSAs is below in Figure 5. Table 2 contains US and State routes over SSAs.

Sole Source Aquifers in Ohio

c::::JCounties -SoleS ource Aquifers (SSA)

Figure 5. Map of Sole Source Aquifers in Ohio.

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Table 2. US & STATE ROUTES OVER SOLE SOURCE AQUIFERS (1/27/97).

Coon~ District Aguifer US & State Routes Allen 1 ACAS US 30, SR 66, SR 81, SR 117, SR 190, Auglaize 7 ACAS US 33, SR 66, SR 116, SR 197, Butler 8 BVAS *See below Champaign 7 BVAS *See below Clark 7 BVAS *See below Clermont 8 BVAS *See below Clinton 8 BVAS *See below Darke 7 BVAS *See below Greene 8 BVAS *See below Guernsey 5 Pleasant City SR 146, SR821 Hamilton 8 BVAS *See below Logan 7 BVAS *See below Mercer 7 ACAS US 33, SR 117, US 127, SR 197, Miami 7 BVAS *See below Montgomery 7 BVAS *See below Ottawa 2 Catawba Island SR53 Preble 8 BVAS *See below Putnam 1 ACAS SR 66, SR 189, SR 190, US 224, Shelby 7 BVAS *See below Van Wert 1 ACAS SR 66, SR 81, SR 116, SR 117,

Warren 8 BVAS *See below

ACAS =Allen County Area Combined Aquifer System SSA. BVAS =Buried Valley Aquifer System (a.k.a. Great Miami Valley SSA). * The BVAS is located over 14 Ohio counties. All roads may need reviewed for impact.

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2.1 REVIEW OF PROJECTS INVOLVING A SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER

Generally, OES staff become involved with a project over a SSA by reviewing an environmental document for drinking water resources. District staff and consultants are usually aware of the procedures necessary for these projects. OES provides oversight, regulatory expertise, and assistance with coordination. Table 3 provides a basic overview of a sole source aquifer.

Table 3. SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER OVERVIEW. Water Resource: Groundwater

Protected Area: Entire aquifer

Boundary of Protection Area: Aquifer boundary

Coordination Required: Yes, if EA/EIS

Plan Note Required: Yes

The following is a generic procedure for OES staff that review projects involving SSAs:

1. Determine if the project is located over a SSA by using Figure 5 or Table 2. If greater detail is required, use the maps located in Appendix III or, for the greatest detail, use GeoMedia for GIS mapping. If the project is not located over a SSA, then the environmental document should include a statement that mapping provided by USEP A does not indicate the presence of a SSA in the project area. Otherwise, go to Step 2.

2. For all projects involving a SSA, at a minimum, the plan note in Figure 6 should be inserted into the plans. Staff of Districts 1,2,5,7 and 8 are responsible for using the plan note when appropriate. The use of this plan note should be an environmental commitment for all document levels.

PLAN NOTE FOR PROJECTS OVER A SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER This project is located over a portion of the (insert aquifer name here) Sole Source Aquifer. In order to minimize the potential for a release in this sensitive area, project related refueling and maintenance activities shall not be performed from STA to ST A . Spills of fuels, oils, chemicals or other materials which could pose a threat to groundwater shall be cleaned up immediately by the Contractor. If the spill is a reportable amount, the Contractor should contract (insert name and number oflocal hazardous material response team) for clean up of the spill. Figure 6. Plan note for projects over a sole source aquifer.

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3. The level of environmental document will determine the next step. a. For CE documents, refer to Section 6.0 for details on how SSAs should be discussed in these documents. Projects that qualify as a CE do not normally require coordination or special analysis. b. For EIS or EA documents, the SSA MOU may apply. These procedures are detailed in Section 2.2.

4. All correspondence and relevant information should be copied to the OES project file. The Drinking Water Resources screen of NMS (Figure 7) contains a section for SSA information that should be updated accordingly.

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Fieure 7. NMS Drinkine Water Resources Screen.

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2.2 SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER MOU (FHWA/USEPA)

The sole source aquifer MOU between FHWA and USEPA was signed on May 15, 1989. It creates a policy for implementing the SSA project review provisions of the Safe Drinking Water Act [Section 1424(e)] and delegates FHWA project review to ODOT/OES. OES is responsible for review of documentation submitted for coordination by the Districts and initiation of coordination with USEP A. All coordination including that for local projects should be submitted through the Districts. Districts are responsible for review of submissions for accuracy and completeness. The MOU can be found in Appendix IV.

The goal of the MOU is to ensure that Federal-aid highway projects located in designated SSAs are designed, constructed, and maintained in a manner that will prevent the introduction of contaminants into the aquifer in quantities that may create a significant hazard to public health.

The MOU only applies to federally funded projects that require an EIS or EA (no CEs) and lie within a designated SSA. In addition, one or more of the following must apply: 1. Construction of additional through-traffic lanes or interchanges, on existing roadways. 2. Construction of a two or more lane highway on new alignment. 3. Construction of rest areas or scenic overlooks with on-site sewerage disposal facilities. 4. Any project involving a new or existing well within a designated SSA area. 5. Any other project that FHWA, in consultation with EPA, believes may have a potential to affect the designated aquifer through its recharge zone so as to create a significant hazard to public health.

A screening is completed by the District and sent to OES, who reviews it and forwards the screening to USEP A. USEP A either sends back its approval, a request for more information, or requires a more detailed Groundwater Impact Assessment (GWIA). Attachment 4 of the MOU contains guidelines for completing a GWIA.

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3.0 RESIDENTIAL DRINKING WATER WELLS

Generally, when a residential drinking water well is affected by a project, the well is associated with a parcel of property that is also affected by the project. For example, it is not unusual for a parcel acquired by ODOT for right of way to contain a well that provides drinking water to the landowner. Also, when the widening of a roadway is planned and small strips of ROW are acquired, the widened road may infringe upon an existing well on the property.

OAC 3701-28-10(G) requires that a water source (well) be located at least 25 feet from the normal driving surface of any roadway, or 15 feet from the road right of way, whichever is greater. The purpose of this rule is so that wells will not be damaged by vehicular traffic, which may lead to a possible contamination of the aquifer.

Mapping of residential drinking water wells is limited or nonexistent. Searching ODNR well logs (see Appendix V) or contacting the ODNR-Division of Water or the local county health department can be useful. If a public water system is present in the area, residential drinking water wells may still exist and be in use.

3.1 REVIEW OF PROJECTS INVOLVING RESIDENTIAL DRINKING WATER WELLS

A summary of project review procedures is provided in Table 4. For discussing residential drinking water wells in CE documents, see Section 5.0.

Table 4. SUMMARY OF PROJECT REVIEW PROCEDURES FOR RESIDENTIAL DRINKING WATER WELLS.

WILL THE PROJECT IMPACT ANY RESIDENTIAL WELL(S)?

Yes No

Environmental commitment required. No further action.

Coordination with the owner of a residential drinking water well is not required. When it has been determined that a well will be impacted, an environmental commitment should be included in the NEPA document that states the property owner(s) may have a new well drilled or be connected to the local public water supply. If this is not feasible, the property and/or dwelling may be acquired. Any impacted wells must be properly abandoned in accordance with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources' Technical Guidelines For Sealing Unused Wells. The plan note in Figure 8 may be used to describe the proper closure of drinking water wells.

All correspondence and relevant information should be copied to the OES project file. The Drinking Water Resources screen ofNMS (Figure 7) should be updated accordingly.

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PLAN NOTE FOR ABANDONMENT OF DRINKING WATER WELLS

This project involves a total of_ drinking water well(s) located at _____ All wells shall be removed and properly abandoned in accordance with the Ohio Department ofNatural Resources' (ODNR) Technical Guidelines For Sealing Unused Wells. Payment for this work shall be as per Item Special - Drinking Water Well Abandonment.

Basis of Payment: The Contractor shall furnish all the labor, equipment and materials necessary to perform the aforementioned work. The following estimated quantities have been included in the General Summary for the work noted above:

Item Special- Drinking Water Well Abandonment ---each

Figure 8. Plan Note for Projects Involving the Abandonment of Drinking Water Wells.

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4.0 PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS AND DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS

The federal Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 set minimum standards on the construction and operation of public water systems, as well as on the quality of water they provide. Amendments to this legislation have caused Ohio EPA's efforts to protect drinking water supplies from future contamination to evolve from the Wellhead Protection Program in 1992 to the current, much broader Source Water Assessment and Protection Program. Parallel to these programs, environmentally sensitive areas were previously delineated as wellhead protection areas and now as drinking water source protection areas. This section is an overview of how drinking water source protection areas protect public water systems, how these areas are created, and how they affect ODOT.

4.1 PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN OHIO

A public water system (PWS) is defined in the Safe Drinking Water Act as a provision that serves piped water to at least 25 persons or 15 service connections for at least 60 days per year. There are approximately 6,200 PWSs in Ohio and over 95% of these systems use a ground water source. There are three types of public water systems in Ohio: ~ Community Water Systems- Must have at least 15 service connections or provide water to at least 25 year round residents. Ex: Cities, mobile horne parks, and nursing homes. ~ Transient Non-community Water Systems- Provides water to at least 25 different people for at least 60 days of the year. Ex: Rest areas, campgrounds, restaurants, and churches. ~ Non-Transient Non-community Water Systems- Serve at least 25 ofthe same people for at least six months of the year. Ex: Schools, businesses, and industries.

4.2 WELLHEAD PROTECTION PROGRAM

The 1986 amendments to the federal Safe Drinking Water Act required each state to develop and implement a program to prevent contamination of public water supplies. Ohio's Wellhead Protection Program was approved by USEP A in 1992. Wellhead protection plans were typically developed and implemented by local owners and operators of large community public water systems utilizing ground water. Wellhead protection areas were designed to safeguard public drinking water supplies by preventing, detecting, and rernediating ground water contamination in a zone around public water supply wells or wellfields. Wellhead protection plans were intended to work in concert with contaminant source control and pollution prevention efforts at all levels of government.

4.3 SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENT AND PROTECTION (SWAP) PROGRAM

The 1996 amendments of the Safe Drinking Water Act required all states to complete a source water assessment for every public water system by 2003. Ohio EPA's Source Water Assessment and Protection (SWAP) Program, along with public water suppliers, identifies drinking water

14 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 Drinking Water Resources SOP source protection areas and provide information on how to reduce the potential for contaminating the waters within those areas. The SWAP program acts as an extension (and expansion) of the Wellhead Protection Program because it requires assessments for all of Ohio's approximately 6,200 public water systems, including small transient systems and those using surface water.

The SWAP program results in the delineation of a drinking water source protection area. Previously established wellhead protection areas are now known as drinking water source protection areas.

The program document for SWAP has identified ODOT as a "key player". The following is an excerpt from this document: The Ohio Department of Transportation manages, constructs and maintains public transportation facilities, including developing plans and state policies concerning such facilities (ORC Section 121.02 and ORC Chapter 5501). Departmental efforts can affect source waters through construction of suiface water drainage projects (road construction); operation of sewage disposal and water supply systems at roadside rests; and removal ofsnow and ice from state highways. In removing snow and de-icing roads, Ohio Department of Transportation stores, transports, and applies nearly one million tons of salt per year. A portion of this salt, together with that used by the public and other governmental units may reach and contaminate source waters. The Division of Highways administers a program to minimize the effect ofroad salt on source waters.

4.4 ESTABLISHMENT OF DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS

A drinking water source protection area (DWSP A) is established through what is usually a years long process by Ohio EPA-DDAGW's Drinking and Groundwater Protection Unit, or sometimes the local public water supplier, which involves five steps: 1) Resource characterization/collection of hydrogeologic information. 2) Delineation and mapping of drinking water source protection area. 3) Inventory potential significant contaminant sources. 4) Complete a susceptibility analysis, which examines the likelihood that the source water for a drinking water system will be contaminated at significant concentrations. Note: A major factor in this analysis is the number of roads and bridges in the subject area. 5) Protective actions, such as local ordinances.

It is helpful to understand this process since new drinking water source protection areas may be developed, especially those involving smaller public water systems such as subdivisions, hotels, and schools. The SWAP process is explained in more detail in Appendix VI and in the SWAP program document available on Ohio EPA's web site.

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Every drinking water source protection area - with one exception - is directly related to a public water system. The exception is a karst area designated as a DWSP A, which is discussed in Section 4.4.3

Public water systems may obtain their drinking water from a ground water source (aquifer) or surface water source (ex: reservoir). Each of these sources has (or will have) a drinking water source protection area, but each is protected differently. These differences are discussed below in Sections 4.4.1 (ground water sources) and 4.4.2 (surface water sources).

4.4.1 DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS INVOLVING GROUND WATER RESOURCES

Many drinking water source protection areas with ground water sources were originally known as wellhead protection areas. These areas were delineated in the 1990s under the Wellhead Protection Program. The delineation requirements are the same for a drinking water source protection area and a former wellhead protection area.

The delineation and mapping of a drinking water source protection area for a PWS with a ground water source produces a one-year time

"'229 of travel (TOT) zone and a five-year TOT zone around the wellhead (Figure 9). "Time of travel" is the distance that a contaminant or dissolved species will move thorough the saturated zone and/or surface water body in a specified time (one or five years). The TOT zones vary in size because they are site Figure 9. Example Mapping of a Drinking Water Source specific and primarily based on hydrogeologic Protection Area (near Mt. Vernon) for a well. The inner modeling. The delineation and mapping may ring is the one-year time of travel zone. The outer ring is the be performed by the PWS, although OEP A five-year time of travel zone. Note that most of the PWS wells on this map (dots) dated 2003 do not have DWSPAs DDAGW-Drinking and Groundwater yet. Protection Unit usually does this work

4.4.2 DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS INVOLVING SURFACE WATER RESOURCES

Since the SWAP program was a natural extension and expansion of the Wellhead Protection Program, much of the focus of establishing drinking water source protection areas has involved PWSs with ground water sources. Creating drinking water source protection areas for PWSs that use surface water is an effort that Ohio EPA has only started very recently and it is still evolving. Examining these surface water resources and the associated delineation and mapping of the drinking water source protection area is the responsibility of Ohio EPA's Division of Surface 16 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 Drinking Water Resources SOP

Water (DSW). DDAGW has a limited role in this process because it involves a drinking water supply and PWS.

DWSPAs for public water systems that have intakes in Lake Erie or the Ohio River are unique compared to other such PWSs. See Section 4.4.2.1 for a discussion of DWSPAs for Ohio River PWSs and Section 4.4.2.2 for Lake Erie PWSs.

The DWSPA for a public water system with a surface water source is the entire watershed upstream of the intake; however, there are other protection zones (subunits) within these DWSPAs. Like the time of travel zones that encircle a wellhead, two zones of protection are delineated and mapped around a PWS surface water intake (Figure 10): e Emergency Management Zone (EMZ) = the area in the immediate vicinity of the surface water supply intake in which the PWS owner-operator has little or no time to respond to a spill. EMZs vary in size and they are based on a site-specific delineation for a particular PWS. For example, an EMZ may be small if the intake is located below a dam since the dam itself acts as a barrier by which a spill or contaminated plume could be contained. For areas - Wlftl!htdiloondaly where delineation has yet to occur or if the SWAP Arco &undaJy delineation criteria do not apply to the site, then the • PublicWHS)'itlm Ellll:I!CO

Corridor Management Zone (CMZ) = the area Figure 10. Drinking Water Source adjacent to streams within a drinking water source Protection Area for a public water system protection area that extends upstream from the surface that uses a surface water source. The "SWAP Area Boundary" is the DWSP A water supply intake for a distance of 10 miles and has boundary. (Source: Ohio EPA) a width of 1,000 feet on each bank of the principal stream and 500 feet on each bank of major tributaries draining into the principal stream. Accidental spills, releases, and sudden precipitation events that result in overland runoff or storm sewer discharges can allow pollutants to readily enter the source water and potentially contaminate the drinking water at the intake. Once a CMZ is delineated by Ohio EPA-DSW, time of travel through the CMZ over a variety of flow regimes will be generated so that in the event of a spill the owner-operator of the PWS can determine the amount of time needed to respond to such an event.

17 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 Drinking Water Resources SOP

4.4.2.1 DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS INVOLVING THE OHIO RIVER

The size and complex nature of the Ohio River led to the development of a tiered delineation system consisting of three protection zones for each Ohio River surface water intake:

• The Source Water Area (Zone 3) is the entire portion of the Ohio River drainage basin upstream from the public water supply intake. The Source Water Area contains the Zone of High Concern (Zone 2) and the Zone of Critical Concern (Zone 3).

• The Zone of High Concern (Zone 2) consists of all subwatersheds (14 digit hydrologic units) adjacent to the Ohio River from a distance of 114 mile downstream of the intake up to a distance of 114 mile below the next upstream intake and all subwatersheds (14 digit hydrologic units) adjacent to the major Ohio River tributaries a distance of25 miles upstream or to the next upstream intake. The 25-mile distance is based upon a 5-hour time-of-travel estimate by ORSANCO using maximum Ohio River velocities near surface water intakes from February 1995 to February 1998.

• The Zone of Critical Concern (Zone 1) is a subset of Zone 2 and extends one-quarter mile below the intake to 25 miles upstream of the intake and the major tributaries. It is one quarter mile wide on either bank of the Ohio River and the major tributaries. In this area, a contamination event could quickly affect the water supply, so the area warrants a careful inventory (including visual inspection) and specific planning for the kinds of spills and other emergencies that could potentially occur at the sites located in this area.

The DWSPA for a public water system with an Ohio River intake is analogous to the Zone of High Concern (Zone 2) and the Zone of Critical Concern (Zone 3) as described above.

4.4.2.2 DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS INVOLVING LAKE ERIE

To provide some continuity for assessing the Great Lakes intakes, the concept of a Critical Assessment Zone (CAZ) around each intake was developed by the Great Lakes States Workgroup and adopted by Ohio EPA. The CAZ is a circular area around the intake that warrants protection from potential contaminant sources.

The size ofthe CAZ is related to the "sensitivity" of the intake. Sensitivity (S) is calculated according to the formulaS= L x D, where Lis the length of the intake pipeline in feet, and Dis the depth below water surface of the intake (in feet). The shallower, near shore intakes are more sensitive to shoreline influences than the offshore, deep intakes. Generally, S values less than 25,000 represent highly sensitive intakes whileS values greater than 125,000 indicate lower sensitivities.

18 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 Drinking Water Resources SOP

The Great Lakes States Workgroup agreed on the following relationship between calculated sensitivity and the radius of the CAZ:

Sensitivity S value Radius ofCAZ (feet) Low >125,000 1,000 Moderate 25,000 - 125,000 2,000 High <25,000 3,000

A Potential Influence Zone (PIZ) is generally defined as the area along the lake shore and along contributing tributaries within which certain land uses or activities could potentially impact water quality at the intake due to proximity and other factors such as currents, type of activity, etc. This is an important consideration for the PWS when determining what pollutant runoff or influence from land might impact the intake.

4.4.3 DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREA INVOLVING THE "BELLEVUE CASTALIA KARST PLAIN" IN NORTHWEST OHIO

In 2003, Ohio EPA designated a karst region known as the Bellevue-Castalia Karst Plain as a drinking Karst Area in Northwest Ohio February 1, 2001 water source protection area. The karst region is located in parts of Sandusky (D-2), Seneca (D-2), Erie (D-3), and Huron (D-3) counties. It is the only DWSPA that is not directly related to a public water system and it encompasses 13 public water systems "' that use the karst area as a drinking water source.

This karst region has a high groundwater flow rate, a high susceptibility to contamination, and a history of contamination. More information on this DWSPA can be found at Ohio EPA-DDAGW's web site: 0 10 20 Miles http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/pdu/swap karst.h ~iiiiiiiil"""~liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil tml D Cities D County Boundaries Figure 11 is a basic map of the karst area. More D Karst Area - Karst Buffer Area detailed mapping is available through the GeoMedia workspace for drinking water resources. Figure 11. Map of Karst Region Designated as a DWSPA.

19 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 Drinking Water Resources SOP

4.5 REVIEW OF PROJECTS INVOLVING A DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREA

Generally, OES staff reviews projects that involve a drinking water source protection area by reviewing an environmental document for drinking water resources. District staff and consultants are usually aware of the procedures necessary for these projects. However, the expertise of OES and its contacts with the SWAP program are often relied on for identifying these resources and plotting the correct course of action. OES staff usually provides oversight, regulatory expertise, and assistance with coordination for projects involving drinking water source protection areas.

Previous guidance for ODOT projects involving wellhead protection areas and community water supplies is explained in a March 8, 1996 IOC titled "Considering Impacts on Public Water Supply Wellfields During Project Planning". This IOC was modified in the March 13, 1998 IOC regarding "Updated Wellhead Protection Maps". Because of the evolution of the SWAP program, updated guidance was produced in an IOC, dated October 23, 2003, with the subject "Project Planning Involving Public Water Systems and Source Water Protection Areas". NOTE: Use of this guidance was suspended on January 30, 2004 (email to District Environmental Coordinators), however the procedures below are based on this guidance since it reflects the current Ohio EPA program. Copies of all guidance IOCs can be found in Appendix VIII.

ODOT is not required by regulation to coordinate with a public water system, other than efforts to satisfy NEPA. However, coordination should be done because ODOT typically seeks local input for its projects and avoidance of potential impacts to drinking water resources is simply good risk management. Coordinating with a PWS has never been a project-stopping activity, since the owner of the PWS is usually the local municipality that benefits from the project. Often, transportation improvements serve to reduce the potential for harm to the PWS by creating a safer facility with less potential for accidents and thus spills. Keep in mind that drinking water source protection areas, coordination with a PWS, and impacts to residential wells are separate issues from projects involving a sole source aquifer, where a MOU is in place and the federal Safe Drinking Water Act applies (see Section 2.0).

The procedures in this section do not apply to exempt projects unless the project has the potential to contaminate a public water supply. Tables 5 and 6 and the procedures that follow do not pertain to projects with Ohio River (Section 4.4.2.1) or Lake Erie (Section 4.4.2.2) intakes or projects in the karst area designated as a DWSPA (Section 4.4.3); review of projects involving these unique DWSPAs is discussed in Section 4.5.1.

It is important to recognize that a public water system may obtain their drinking water from a ground water source (aquifer) or a surface water source (ex: reservoir). Each of these sources has (or will have) a drinking water source protection area, but each is protected differently. Table 5 provides a general overview of drinking water source protection areas. 20 ODOT -OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 Drinking Water Resources SOP

Table 5. DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREA OVERVIEW.

Protected Area: DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREA

Public Water System Groundwater Surface Water Resource:

Protection Area Wellhead at aquifer Intake at reservoir, lake, or stream Epicenter:

Boundary of 1-year time of 5-year time of Watershed upstream of intake Protected Area: travel zone travel zone Emergency Corridor management zone management zone

A summary of results of project reviews for public water systems and drinking water source protection areas can be found in Table 6. A more detailed, step-by-step procedure follows Table 6.

Table 6. SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF PROJECT REVIEWS FOR PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS AND DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS.

DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREA IN THE PROJECT AREA

Type of Public Water Community Water System Non-community Water System System: Ground Surface Surface Ground Surface Surface Source Water: Water Water Water Water Water Water Within Boundary of: DWSPA EMZ CMZ DWSPA EMZ CMZ Coordination?: Yes Yes No No1 No1 No Plan Note and Environmental Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Commitment? :

1Coordinate with non-community systems with particular significance to the project and/or the local community. 2Plan notes and environmental commitments involve restrictions on refueling/maintenance activities and results of coordination, if any.

21 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 Drinking Water Resources SOP

The following are review procedures for projects involving public water systems and/or drinking water source protection areas:

General filing/tracking for all project reviews: 1. All correspondence and relevant information should be copied to the OES project file. 2. The Drinking Water Resources screen of NMS (see Figure 7) should be updated accordingly. 3. OES Major New Project Coordinators should be kept informed of all drinking water resource issues in major new projects.

Step 1: Open the GeoMedia workspace for drinking water resources. Is there a public water system (PWS) well or intake and/or drinking water source protection area within the project area? a) No. It should be noted that, based on a review of mapping provided by Ohio EPA, the project area does not contain a PWS or drinking water source protection area and the project should not affect these resources. No further action is necessary regarding these issues. b) Yes. Proceed to Step 2 if the drinking water source protection area is related to a community water system or go to Step 3 if a non-community water system is involved.

Step 2: Based on the drinking water source of the community water system and the DWSP A subunit, choose from (a) or (b) below. a) For those systems with a ground water source or surface water source within an emergency management zone (EMZ): 1. Coordination should be completed with the community water system. Appendix IX contains example coordination letters. • Be aware the community water system may request design changes or other significant modifications to the project. Such requests should be considered on a case by case basis. 2. The plan note in Figure 12 should be included the plans. 3. In the environmental document, include any special requirements resulting from coordination and a statement noting the use of the plan note in Figure 12 as an environmental commitment. Also, note if the project is within the one or five-year time of travel zone for systems with ground water sources. • If the plan note in Figure 12 is not included in the environmental document, send the plan note by email to the DEC advising them to include the note in the plans. • If the project involves the closure of a well, the plan note in Figure 8 should be used and included in the environmental document as an environmental commitment. 4. NOTE: General condition 16 of the Section 404 Nationwide Permits prohibits discharges of dredged or fill material in the proximity of public water supply intakes, except for specific activities. 22 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 Drinking Water Resources SOP

b) For those systems with a surface water source within a corridor management zone (CMZ): 1. The plan note in Figure 12 should be included in the plans. 2. In the environmental document, include a statement noting the use of the plan note in Figure 11 as an environmental commitment. • If the plan note in Figure 12 is not included in the environmental document, send the plan note by email to the DEC advising them to include the note in the plans. 3. NOTE: ODOT Construction and Material Specifications, Supplemental Specification 832.10(D) states that, in a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan, the following must be located a minimum of 100 ft. from the waters edge of any stream, ephemeral stream, wetland, or body of water: 1) Concrete or asphalt plant areas; 2) Material and equipment staging or storage areas; 3) Dewatering areas; 4) Concrete truck wash out areas; 5) Construction access locations; and 6) Vehicle fueling and refueling locations.

Step 3: Based on the drinking water source of the non-community water systems and the DWSPA subunit, choose from (a) or (b) below. a) For those non-community water systems that have a particular significance to the project and/or the local community with a ground water source or surface water source within anEMZ: 1. Coordination should be completed with the non-community water system. Appendix IX contains example coordination letters. • Be aware the non-community water system may request design changes or other significant modifications to the project. Such requests should be considered on a case by case basis. 2. The plan note in Figure 12 should be included in the plans. 3. In the environmental document, include any special requirements resulting from coordination and a statement noting the use of the plan note in Figure 11 as an environmental commitment. Also, note if the project is within the one or five-year time of travel zone for systems with ground water sources. • If the plan note in Figure 12 is not included in the environmental document, send the plan note by email to the DEC advising them to include the note in the plans. • If the project involves the closure of a well, the plan note in Figure 8 should be used and included in the environmental document as an environmental commitment.

23 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 Drinking Water Resources SOP

b) For all other non-community water systems: 1. The plan note in Figure 12 should be included in the plans. 2. In the environmental document, include a statement noting the use of the plan note in Figure 11 as an environmental commitment. • If the plan note in Figure 12 is not included in the environmental document, send the plan note by email to the DEC advising them to include the note in the plans. • If the project involves the closure of a well, the plan note in Figure 8 should be used and included in the environmental document as an environmental commitment.

PLAN NOTE FOR PROJECTS IN OR NEAR A DRINKING WATER SOURCE This project is located in or near the source of a public drinking water supply. In order to minimize the potential to contaminate this water supply, project related refueling and maintenance activities shall not be performed from STA to STA . The Contractor shall immediately take steps to mitigate any event, such as a spill of fuels, oils, or chemicals, that could threaten to contaminate the drinking water supply. Any such spill or event shall be reported immediately to [emergency contact person] of [public water system] at [phone number]. If the spill is a reportable amount, the Contractor should contract (insert name and number oflocal hazardous material response team) for clean up of the spill.

Figure 12. Plan Note for Projects within a Drinking Water Source Protection Area.

4.5.1 REVIEW OF PROJECTS INVOLVING UNIQUE DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS

The review procedures in Section 4.5 involve typical drinking water source protection areas. Review procedures for projects concerning DWSP As with Ohio River (Section 4.4.2.1) or Lake Erie (Section 4.4.2.2) intakes or projects in the karst area designated as a DWSP A (Section 4.4.3) are unique. All of these unique DWSP As can be identified using the GeoMedia workspace for drinking water resources.

The DWSPA for a public water system with an Ohio River intake is analogous to the Zone of High Concern (Zone 2) and the Zone of Critical Concern (Zone 3). Projects in these Zones should follow the procedures described in Section 4.5 and begin at Step 2a for community water systems and Step 3a for non-community water systems.

The DWSP A for a public water system with a Lake Erie intake could be comparable to the area of the Critical Assessment Zone and Potential Influence Zone. However, due to nature of ODOT projects and the probability of a project affecting the water at an intake, the Lake Erie protection zones are generally viewed as supplementary drinking water resource information only. The environmental document should mention the existence of the intake and Zone(s) and that the project is highly unlikely to affect this drinking water resource.

24 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 Drinking Water Resources SOP

For all projects located in the karst area designated as a DWSP A, the plan note in Figure 13 should be included in the plans. In the environmental document, include a statement noting the use of the plan note in Figure 13 as an environmental commitment. If the plan note in Figure 13 is not included in the environmental document, send the plan note by email to the DEC advising them to include the note in the plans. If the project area includes one of the 13 public water systems in the DWSP A, follow the procedures described in Section 4.5 and begin at Step 2a for community water systems and Step 3a for non-community water systems, but use the plan note in Figure 13 instead of the note in Figure 12. Keep in mind that plan notes can be modified and customize to specific project issues.

PLAN NOTE FOR PROJECTS OVER THE KARST REGION OF NORTHWEST OHIO The underlying geology of the project area is a karst region, which is highly susceptible to ground water contamination. Ohio EPA has established this entire karst region as a drinking water source protection area to protect the 15 public water systems which use ground water in the region as their drinking water source. In order to minimize the potential to contaminate ground water in this sensitive area, all project related refueling and maintenance activities shall be performed in an environmentally responsible manner. Spills of fuels, oils, chemicals or other materials which could pose a threat to ground water shall be cleaned up immediately by the Contractor. If the spill is a reportable amount, the Contractor should contract (insert name and number oflocal hazardous material response team) for clean up of the spill.

Figure 13. Plan Note For Projects within the Karst Region Designated as a Drinking Water Source Protection Area.

4.6 DRINKING WATER PROTECTION AREA ROAD SIGNS

At the request of Ohio EPA, ODOT has agreed to erect and maintain signs marking a drinking water protection area. A picture of one of these signs is on the cover of this document. These signs are placed on state highways that intersect the five-year time of travel boundary for community public water systems serving populations greater than 500 at no cost to the system. ODOT has created a standard design for these signs and strongly suggests that signs be consistent across the state to avoid confusing motorists. Ohio EPA has a web page devoted to these signs: http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/pdu/odotsign.html

These signs were intended only for a PWS with a ground water source. ODOT wanted to avoid the scenario of erecting and maintaining signs by every tributary of a surface water system. If a PWS requested a sign for a surface water system, OEP A maintains that it is reasonable for signs to only be located on the main stem of the source water. OEP A recognizes that the signs are a minor part ofthe SWAP program and serve as a lower level protection measure.

OEP A has recently considered revising the statement on the signs. This is partly in response to terrorism fears, which have caused many to question whether the signs could aid a terrorist in targeting an attack on a drinking water supply.

25 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 DRINKING WATER RESOURCES SOP

5.0 DISCUSSING DRINKING WATER RESOURCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTS

The disclosure of environmental impacts from the NEP A process includes determining potential impacts to drinking water resources. Drinking water resources must be identified in project planning to avoid, minimize, or mitigate any impacts in accordance with regulatory requirements and the Department's risk management efforts. Impacts to drinking water resources can have negative human health effects, involve a costly, long term cleanup, and deteriorate public confidence in the safety of ODOT projects.

This section focuses on the information gathered through the methods described earlier in this document and how this information should be presented in environmental document to meet NEP A requirements. OES generally serves in an oversight role by reviewing documents prepared by either District Offices and/or consultants. Reviews are expected to be completed within three weeks.

General filing/tracking for all project reviews: 1. All correspondence and relevant information should be copied to the OES project file. 2. The Drinking Water Resources screen ofNMS (see Figure 7) should be updated accordingly. 3. OES Major New Project Coordinators should be kept informed of all drinking water resource issues in major new projects.

5.1 CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION (CE) DOCUMENTS

When reviewing CE documents for drinking water resource issues, refer to Section B Other Resources on page 8 (Figure 14):

II SECTION B-OTHER RESOURCES

Presence Impacts y N* y N Drinking Water Resources Sole Source Aquifer Source Water Protection Area(s) Public Water System(s) Ground Water Source Surface Water Source Residential Well(s)

Remarks:

Figure 14. Drinking Water Resources Section of CE Document.

26 ODQT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 DRINKING WATER RESOURCES SOP

The portion of the document involving drinking water resources should be verified using the GeoMedia workspace and evaluated in light of the methods described earlier in this document. If coordination is necessary, the relevant correspondence should be referenced in the Remarks box and attached to the document.

The CE Confirmation Handbook, dated May 21, 2002, contains the following guidance for discussing drinking water resource issues in CE documents:

Note the presence of community drinking water resources within the construction impact area or in close proximity to the project. Indicate the potential for impacts based on the proposed construction (i.e., installation of open drainage) and the location of the source water protection areas. Note residential well only if they are directly impacted by the proposed construction or within close proximity. Mapping showing the location of drinking water resources can be obtained from the district or Ohio EPA.

For public water supplies, note if a source water protection plan has been developed and if the project is within the established protection zone (within the 1 and/or 5 year time of travel zones for wells and the isolation zone for surface water intakes). If the project is within a source water protection area, coordination with the local operator/owner is required. Any impacts or required measures should be discussed in the remarks section and placed as an environmental commitment.

For sole source aquifers, note if the project occurs over a class 1 or class 2 portion of the aquifer. Be aware that for projects qualifying as a categorical exclusion, no coordination or special analysis is normally required for sole source aquifer issues. However, if the project involves activities which could impact the aquifer a discussion should be provided. Sole source aquifers are located in Districts 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8. Mapping showing the aquifer locations are available from these districts.

If no drinking water resources are present within the project area, the "no" box should be marked for the presence of drinking water resources. No other boxes in this section should be checked for presence or impact. The remarks box should contain a statement explaining how the absence of drinking water resources was verified. Below is an example of such a statement where the project does not affect any drinking water resources and the area is served by a municipal water supply (water lines): "A review of mapping provided by Ohio EPA did not indicate the presence of any public drinking water supply or source water (wellhead) protection area in the project area. In addition, mapping from USEP A indicates there is no sole source aquifer within the project area. Since this project area is served by a public water system, residential drinking water wells are not expected in this project."

27 ODOT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 12/05 DRINKING WATER RESOURCES SOP

As the regulation of drinking water resources evolves, the CE form and handbook should reflect the current regulations and requirements. OES staff should develop and suggest modifications as necessary.

5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS (EA) AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS (EIS)

The review of an EA/EIS should focus on the portion of the document involving drinking water resources. Information should be verified using the GeoMedia workspace and evaluated in light of the methods described earlier in this document. If coordination is necessary, the relevant correspondence should be referenced and attached to the document.

If a sole source aquifer is within the project area, then the project is subject to the sole source aquifer MOU between FHWA and USEP A (See Section 2.0).

28 ODQT-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Revised 7/03 DRINKING WATER RESOURCES SOP

6.0 THE STATE COORDINATING COMMITTEE ON GROUNDWATER

ODOT is a member of the State Coordinating Committee on Groundwater (SCCOG). SCCOG is made up of various government agencies whose goal is to promote and guide the implementation of a coordinated, comprehensive and effective groundwater protection and management program for the State of Ohio.

In addition to ODOT, SCCOG members include: Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Ohio Department of Natural Resources Ohio Department of Health Ohio Department of Commerce-State Fire Marshal (BUSTR) Public Utilities Commission of Ohio Ohio Department of Agriculture Ohio Department of Development

Other agencies that regularly contribute to SCCOG are: The Ohio State University Extension Natural Resources Conservation Service US Geological Survey

SCCOG holds monthly meetings in the Columbus area and one staff member of the EcologicaVPermits Section of OES has been designated to regularly attend these meetings. Meetings are usually the third Thursday of each month and generally consist of agency updates and announcements, special topics, and a presentation from an outside group. Meeting agendas and notes are transmitted by email.

Unlike most SCCOG members, ODOT is not a regulatory agency, so it plays a unique role on the committee. However, SCCOG discusses upcoming legislation, rules, and policies that may affect ODOT. Any information relevant to ODOT will be relayed to appropriate ODOT staff by the meeting attendee.

29 APPENDIX I

GLOSSARY Ohio EPA DDAGW Definitions Page 1 of2

Division of Drinking Definitions and Ground \Afaters

This page contains definitions of terms used throughout the division. Additional definitions will be added periodically since this list, by no means, encompasses all of the sometimes confusing technical jargon and abundant acronyms that we vocalize.

Community A public water system which serves at least fifteen service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least twenty-five year-round residents.

DERR DiYisiQn of_Emerge_ncy_®d Rem_e_dial Response

DHWM Division of Hazardous Waste Management

DSIWM Division of Solid and Infectious Waste Management

DSW Division of Surface Water

Non-Transient Non-Community A public water system that is not a community water system and that regularly serves at least twenty-five of the same persons over six months per year.

OFFO Office ofFede_ral Facilities Oy~rsight

Transient Non-Community A public water system that is not a community water system and that regularly serves at least twenty-five different (transient) persons over sixty days per year. (formerly called Non Community systems)

Wellfield An area containing two or more wells supplying a public water supply system.

Wellhead Protection Area A portion of the area contributing ground water to public water supply wells that has been designated as a special protection area, to reduce the likelihood of pollutants entering the public water supply.

htto://www.eoa.state.oh.us/ddagw/define.html 4117/02 GLOSSARY

Abandoned Well - A well whose use has been permanently discontinued or that is in a state of disrepair such that it cannot be used for its intended purpose.

Air Stripping - A treatment system that removes volatile organic compounds from contaminated ground water or surface water by forcing an airstream through the water and causing the compounds to evaporate.

Ambient Water Chemistry - The chemical characteristics of water in a surface water body (stream, river, lake) or ground water aquifer.

Anderson Land Use Classification - A land use classification with broad categories which are: Urban, Agricultural, Range Land, Forest Land, Water, Wetlands, and Barren Lands.

Anthropogenic - The impacts of humans on nature.

Aquifer - A rock or sediment formation which is saturated and sufficiently permeable to transmit quantities of water to wells or springs.

Aquifer Media - The geologic material that makes up the aquifer, e.g., sand and gravel, sandstone, limestone.

Baseline Maps - Maps of current water resource and other geographic information which will be used for comparisons with future observations and activities.

Bedrock - A general term for the rock type that underlies soil and other unconsolidated materials.

Brine - A subsurface water containing a high content of dissolved salts, and once separated from crude oil is regulated as a hazardous waste.

Brine Injection- Process of disposing of brine into geologic formations below underground sources of drinking water.

Bureau of Underground Storage Tank Regulations (BUSTR) - The Bureau of Underground Storage Tank Regulation (BUSTR) regulates Ohio's underground storage tank program.

Capacity Development Program - The 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act requires each state to implement a Capacity Development Program to ensure that each community and non-transient non-community public water system has the technical, managerial, and fmancial capacity to ensure long term compliance with all drinking water regulations.

Carbonate Aquifer - An aquifer consisting chiefly of carbonate rocks, such as limestone and dolomite.

G-1 State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program February 1999

Chemical Monitoring Reform - The U. S. EPA is considering requiring states to screen their public water systems to identify those systems at risk of contamination and establish sampling during the period(s) of greatest vulnerability.

Clean Water Act - The Clean Water Act is a 1977 amendment to the federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, which set the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants to waters ofthe United States. The law gave Ohio EPA the authority to set effluent standards on an industry basis (technology-based) and continued the requirements to set water quality standards for all contaminants in surface waters. The Clean Water Act makes it unlawful for any person to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters unless a permit (National Pollution Discharge Elimination System) is obtained under the Act.

Combined Sewer Overflow - Discharge of a mixture of storm water and domestic waste into ditches, rivers, streams or other water bodies when the flow capacity of a sewer system is exceeded during rainstorms.

Community Public Water Systems - A water system that provides water for human consumption to at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents. Examples of community systems are municipalities, mobile home parks, home owner associations and nursing homes.

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System (CERCLIS)- U.S. EPA's computerized database of information about potential and actual uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. It serves as an informational tool to identify sites that appear to warrant further investigation and possible remediation.

Cone of Depression - A depression in the ground water table or potentiometric surface that has the shape of an inverted cone and develops around a well from which water is being withdrawn. Its trace (perimeter) on the land surface defmes the zone of influence of a well. Also called pumping cone and cone ofdrawdown.

Confmed Aquifer - An aquifer confined by an upper and lower confining layer in which the potentiometric surface of the aquifer lies above the base of the upper confming layer.

Confining Unit- Geological material through which significant quantities of water can not move; located below unconfmed aquifers, above and below confmed aquifers. Also known as a confming bed or confming layer. Typical confming units include clay or shale layers, and till deposits.

Contaminant Candidate List - A list of contaminants which, at the time of publication, are not subject to any proposed or promulgated National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, that are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and which may require regulations under the Safe Drinking Water Act (Section 1412 (b) (1)). The Safe Drinking Water Act, as amended, specifies that the U.S. EPA must publish the frrst list of contaminants by February 1998, and every five years thereafter. The Contaminant Candidate List must be published after consultation with the scientific community, and after notice and opportunity for public comment.

G-2 State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program February 1999

Contaminant - Any physical, chemical, biological or radiological substance or matter in water.

Corridor Management Zone - The area adjacent to streams and tributaries within the delineated SWAP area that extends upstream for a distance of 10 miles from a surface water supply intake. It has a width of 1,000 feet on each bank of the principal stream, and 500 feet on each bank of major tributaries draining into the principal stream.

Delineate- To determine and draw the outline or boundary of the SWAP area. This is the five year time of travel zone for ground water based public water systems and the entire watershed upstream of the surface water intake for public water systems using surface water.

Digital Elevation Models - A digital representation of terrain relief produced from elevation data by map sheets acquired from the National Mapping Division of the United States Geological Survey.

Digital Line Graphs- A specialized geographic information system (GIS) file structure normally termed ".DLG." This is a digital format standard published by United States Geological Survey for use in exchanging cartographic data files in vector format.

Digitize - Manual tracing of map features to digitally record the coordinates of each point.

DRASTIC Index- An index developed by the National Water Well Association for the U.S. EPA to evaluate hydrogeologic characteristics of an aquifer to characterize its sensitivity to contamination. The seven characteristics evaluated are Depth to Water, Net Recharge, Aquifer Media, Soil Media, Topography, Impact of the Vadose Zone Media, and Hydraulic Conductivity of the aquifer. The DRASTIC indices are graphically represented on Ground Water Pollution Potential Maps, developed by the Ohio Department ofNatural Resources.

Drawdown - A lowering of the water table of an unconfmed aquifer or the potentiometric surface of a confmed aquifer, caused by pumping ground water from wells.

Ecosystem - A community of abiotic and biotic features such as plants, animals, and soil, functioning as a whole in nature.

Effluent - Wastewater, treated or untreated, that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters.

Eight Digit Hydrologic Cataloging Units -See Hydrologic Unit.

Emergency Management Zone - The area in the immediate vicinity of the surface water supply intake in which the public water supplier has little or no time to respond to a spill.

Flow Boundaries - Physical or hydraulic boundaries of ground water flow systems that control the direction of ground water flow. Typical physical boundaries are relativity impermeable units of rock or sediment. Hydraulic boundaries refer to divides in ground water flow that may be

G-3 State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program February 1999 natural (related to the topography) or artificial (created by pumping water out of, or injecting water into, an aquifer).

Formation- a body ofrock characterized by a degree of lithologic homogeneity and prevailing characteristics. A formation is typically tabular in shape and is mappable on the earth's surface or traceable in the subsurface.

Fracture - A general term for any break in a rock, which includes cracks, joints, and faults.

Geographic Information System (GIS) - A computer system that stores and uses locations and information describing natural or man-made features on the earth.

Geologic Sensitivity - The relative ease with which a contaminant applied at or near the surface can migrate to the aquifer of interest. The characteristics of the geologic materials present control the sensitivity.

Global Positioning System (GPS) - A collection of 24 satellites that are orbiting the earth which are used to pinpoint positions anywhere on earth.

Gradient (Hydraulic Gradient) -The change in total hydraulic head (static water level) over a change in distance in a given direction. The direction is that which yields a maximum rate of decrease in head.

Ground Water- The water contained in inter-connected pores located below the water table in an unconfmed aquifer or located in a confmed aquifer.

Ground Water Quality- See Water Quality.

Ground Water Pollution Potential Maps -Ohio county maps produced by the Ohio Department ofNatural Resources, Division ofWater, using the DRASTIC mapping process. The system consists of two major elements: 1. The designation of mappable units, termed hydrogeologic settings, and; 2. The superposition of a relative rating system to determine the pollution potential. See DRASTIC Index.

Heterogeneous - Characteristic of a medium in which material properties vary from point to point.

Homogeneous - Characteristic of a medium in which material properties are identical throughout.

Hydraulic Conductivity- A measure of the relative ease with which water can move through a permeable medium (aquifer).

Hydraulic Head - Height of the water column at a given point in a ground water system, usually given as feet above mean sea level.

G-4 State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program February 1999

Hydrogeologic Data - Data that helps to characterize the hydrogeology of an area, such as porosity, aquifer material, and hydraulic conductivity.

Hydrogeologic Setting - Description of the physical setting or location on the basis of geologic and hydrologic considerations and characteristics.

Hydrogeology - The study of the interrelationships of geologic materials and processes with water, especially ground water.

Hydrologic Setting - Geographic information related to the drainage patterns or use of water in a given area.

Hydrologic Cycle - Movement or exchange of water between the atmosphere and earth.

Hydrologic Unit- The basic unit of an ordered grouping ofwatersheds and sub-watersheds that make up the entire drainage network of the United States. This drainage network was developed by the United States Geological Survey. Each watershed is assigned a unique identification code based on its location and relationship with surrounding watersheds. The hydrologic unit identification code is a number consisting ofbetween 2 to 17 digits depending on factors specific to each watershed. In Ohio, most major river basins have been assigned one or more 8-digit hydrologic unit codes. Each of these 8-digit hydrologic units has been further divided into smaller watersheds identified by 11, 14, and 17 -digit hydrologic unit codes.

Inner Management Zone - The one or two year time of travel boundary that identifies the area closest to a well or wellfield.

Inorganic Contaminants - Mineral-based compounds SQch as metals, nitrates, and asbestos. These contaminants are naturally-occurring in some water, but can also get into water through farming, chemical manufacturing, and other human activities.

Isotropic - The condition in which hydraulic properties of the aquifer are equal in all directions.

Karst Aquifer- An aquifer (typically consisting of carbonate materials) in which dissolution of the rock enlarges fractures and may create caverns. Ground water moves rapidly through karst aquifers and is typically very susceptible to contamination.

Landsat Thematic Mapper Data - Data collected in seven bands of the electromagnetic spectrum (including visual, infrared, and thermal portions) by landsat satellites. The collected data are used to create satellite images that are used within a geographic information system to identify various land uses and other geopolitical features.

Large Quantity Generator- One of three categories U.S. EPA uses to defme hazardous waste generators based upon the quantity of hazardous waste they generate per month. Large quantity generators generate more than 2,200 lbs (1 000 kg) per month.

Lithology - The description of rocks on the basis of their physical and chemical characteristics.

G-5 State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program February 1999

Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) -The maximum amount of a compound allowed in drinking water under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Maximum Contaminant Levels are set by considering both health effects of the compound and technical feasibility of removing the compound from the water supply.

Microbiology -A branch of biology dealing with microscopic forms of life.

Model (Ground Water Flow Model) -A mathematical model that simulates ground water flow indirectly by means of a governing equation thought to represent the physical processes that occur in the system, together with equations that describe heads or flows along the boundaries of the model (boundary conditions).

National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) -Anyone wishing to discharge wastewater from a point source (such as a pipe) into a body of water first must obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit from Ohio EPA. The NPDES permit states how much of any pollutant can be discharged.

Nitrate (N03) - The most highly oxidized nitrogen phase in the nitrogen cycle which is an important plant nutrient and fertilizer. Nitrate can be toxic to infants, the elderly, and livestock, and the major sources of nitrates in water are septic tanks, feed lots/animal waste, and fertilizers.

Non-Transient Non-community Water Systems -Public water systems which serve at least 25 of the same non-resident persons per day for more than six months of the year. Non-Transient Non-Community systems are typically schools, offices, hospitals, and factories.

Ohio River Valley Sanitation Water Commission (ORSANCO)- An interstate water pollution control agency that was established as a provision of and to implement the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Compact, signed in 1948 by the governors of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia.

On-Stream Impoundment - A reservoir that is filled by the river or stream flowing through it.

Open Interval - The portion of a bedrock well that is not cased. This is the zone that contributes ground water to the well. Well screens are generally not used in bedrock wells.

Organic Constituents - Carbon-based chemicals, such as solvents and pesticides, which can migrate into water through runoff from cropland or discharge from factories.

Outfall - The place where effluent is discharged into receiving waters. Frequently a facility may have more than one discharge pipe, in which case each pipe is referred to by its associated outfall number.

Partially Penetrating Wells - A well constructed in such a way that it draws water from only part of the total thickness of the aquifer.

G-6 State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program February 1999

Partially Confining Aquifers - An aquifer that consists of an upper low-permeability layer that can provide some recharge to the aquifer.

Particle Tracker - A ground water flow model that calculates the flow path of water to a well or other discharge point.

Pathogen- Micro-organisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, or parasites) that can cause disease in humans, animals, and plants.

Permeability - The ease with which water, or other fluid, passes through a substance.

Pilot Study - A trial study used to serve as a guide or test case for proceeding studies.

Plume - A concentration of contaminants in air, soil, or water usually extending from a distinct source.

Point Source - A stationary location or fixed facility such as an industry or a municipal sewage treatment plant that discharges pollutants into the air or surface water through pipes, ditches, lagoons, wells, or stacks.

2 Pollution Prevention- U.S. EPA defmes Pollution Prevention (P ) as source reduction and other practices that reduce or eliminate the creation of pollutants through the increased efficiency in the use of raw materials, energy, water or other resources, or the protection of natural resources by conservation.

Porosity - The ratio of the volume of void spaces in a rock or sediment to the total volume of the rock or sediment.

Potential Significant Contaminant Source - A facility or activity that stores, uses, or produces chemicals or elements, and has the potential to release contaminants in an amount that could significantly impact the source waters used by the public water supply.

Potentiometric Map - A contour map of the static water elevations of a particular hydrogeologic unit. Potentiometric maps can be used to determine ground water flow direction and gradient.

Potentiometric Surface - A surface that represents the level to which water will rise in tightly cased wells. If the head varies significantly with depth in the aquifer, then there may be more than one potentiometric surface. The water table is a particular potentiometric surface for an unconfmed aquifer.

Public Water System- A system for the provision to the public of piped water for human consumption. Public water systems are identified as community, non-transient non-community, or transient public water system.

Pumping Rates - That rate at which water is pumped from a well or other raw water source.

G-7 State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program February 1999

Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index - A multi-metric evaluation tool used by Ohio EPA as a screening tool to assist in assigning the appropriate aquatic life use designation for a river or stream.

Quarries - Surface mines from which building stone such as marble, granite, slate or limestone is extracted.

Radiological - Radioactive substances and high-energy radiation.

Raw Water- Untreated water.

Recharge - The addition of water to ground water or surface water by processes of the hydrologic cycle (precipitation or infiltration from the base of a stream into the aquifer) or human activity (injection wells).

Regional Source Water Assessment and Protection (SWAP) Area - Refers to a SWAP area for ground water systems that is regional in scope. The boundaries are based on regional ground water flow boundaries or aquifer boundaries, and the SWAP area may incorporate the five-year capture areas of numerous public water systems. For example, a regional SWAP area will be delineated where large regions of surface karst exist.

Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System (RCRIS) - A national management and inventory system ofhazardous waste handlers defmed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Handlers can be characterized as fitting one or more of the following categories: treatment, storage and disposal facilities, large quantity generators, small quantity generators, or Transporters. RCRIS captures identification, location and other data for all handlers regarding permit/closure status, compliance with federal and state regulations, and cleanup activities.

Sanitary Survey- An on-site review of the water source, facilities, equipment, operation and maintenance of a public water system for the purpose of evaluating the adequacy of such source, facilities, equipment, operation and maintenance for producing and distributing safe drinking water.

Screened Interval- See Well Screen.

Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level - The advisable maximum level of a contaminant in water which is delivered to the free-flowing outlet of the ultimate user of a public water system. Contaminants added to the water under circumstances controlled by the user, except those resulting from corrosion of piping and plumbing caused by water quality, are excluded from this defmition.

Sensitivity - See Geologic Sensitivity.

Separate Sewer Overflow - Discharge of domestic waste when the flow capacity of a sewer system is exceeded.

G-8 State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program February 1999

Sinkholes - A circular depression in a karst area resulting from the dissolution and/or collapse of underlying materials.

Small Quantity Generator - Persons or facilities that produce 220 - 2,200 pounds per month of hazardous waste. Small quantity generators are required to keep more records than conditionally exempt generators. Small quantity generators may include automotive shops, dry cleaners, photographic developers, and a host of other small enterprises, and comprise by far the vast majority of hazardous waste generators.

Solvent - A liquid substance capable of dissolving or dispersing one or more other substances.

Source Waters - The aquifer or watershed that is contributing water to the public water system.

Source Water Assessments -The process of delineating a SWAP area, inventorying the area for potentially significant sources, and completing the susceptibility analysis for a wellfield or surface water intake for a public water system.

Specific Yield - The ratio of the volume of water the rock or sediment will yield by gravity drainage to the volume of the rock or soil.

Stakeholders - People with a vested interest in the outcome or result of a program or project. Stakeholders within Ohio's Source Water Assessment and Protection Program include anyone who lives in the SWAP area or has land management responsibilities in it. Stakeholders include (among others) government agencies, businesses, private individuals and special interest groups.

Standard Industrial Codes (SIC)- A method of grouping industries with similar products or services and assigning codes to these groups.

Sub-Watersheds - A drainage area such as a creek, that is part of a larger drainage area or watershed.

Surface Water- All water which is open to the atmosphere and subject to surface water runoff (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, impoundments, seas, estuaries, etc.).

Susceptibility - The likelihood for the source water( s) of a public water system to be contaminated at concentrations that would pose a concern.

Synthetic Organic Compounds (SOCs)- Laboratory-derived organic compounds, such as pesticides and herbicides.

Time of Travel - The distance that a contaminant or dissolved species will move through the saturated zone and/or surface water body in a specified time.

Topographic Maps - Maps representing the surface features of a region, including the relief and position of natural features like hills, valleys, rivers, and lakes, and man-made structures such as roads and buildings.

G-9 State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program February 1999

Toxic Release Inventory - An annual report of toxic chemical pollution released into the environment by businesses throughout the country. It is available to U.S. EPA, other levels of government and the public in order to analyze industries' progress toward reducing pollution.

Transient Non-Community- Public water systems, which serve at least 25 different (transient) persons over sixty days per year. Transient non-community systems typically are restaurants, hotels, rest areas, golf courses, churches or stores.

Transmissivity - The rate at which water of a prevailing density and viscosity is transmitted through a unit width of an aquifer or confining bed under a unit hydraulic gradient. It is a function of properties of the liquid, the porous media, and the thickness of the porous media.

Treated Water- Water that has been subjected to one or more physical, chemical, or biological processes to reduce its potential of being a health hazard.

Tributaries - A stream that feeds into a larger sized stream or lake.

Trihalomethane (THM)- are disinfection byproducts formed when chlorine reacts with naturally occurring organic matter in the source water used by a water treatment plant.

U.S. EPA Region 5- The U.S. EPA has divided the United States into 10 regions. Ohio, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana are that states that make up Region 5.

Unconfined Aquifer- An aquifer over which there is no confining layer.

Unsaturated Zone - The zone between the land surface and the watertable.

Underground Injection Well- A dug hole or a bored, drilled, or driven well whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension and that is used to direct fluids into the subsurface. Class V injection wells are the most common and range in complexity from simple cess pools, through storm drains and septic systems, to sophisticated geothermal reinjection wells.

Upground Reservoir - An off-steam water storage facility that is filled with water pumped from a river or stream.

Use Attainment Assessments -Scientific analysis of the chemical, biological and physical conditions ofthesurface water resource to determine its ecological health and ability to meet its designated uses.

Vadose Zone- See Unsaturated Zone.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) - An organic compound that is characterized by being highly mobile in ground water and which is readily volatilized into the atmosphere (chemicals identified in paragraph (C) of rule 3745-81-12 and paragraph (C) of rule 3745-81-24 of the Administrative Code).

G-10 State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program February 1999

Water Quality - Values for dissolved substances in water based upon their toxicological and ecological impacts. Water quality values are monitored annually throughout Ohio (for both surface waters and ground waters) in order to monitor the ambient water quality conditions throughout the state. This monitoring network helps the State of Ohio stay informed ofwater quality trends that may be occurring within the different regions of the state.

Watershed - A watershed is an area of land from which surface water drains into a common outlet, such as a river, lake, or wetland.

Water Supply Revolving Loan Account Program -A program that will provide assistance for the planning, design, and construction of improvements to community water systems, and nonprofit noncommunity public water systems for planning, design, and construction through below rate loans to eliminate public health threats and ensure compliance with federal and state drinking water laws and regulations.

Well Log - A record of the lithology of the soil, unconsolidated material, and rock types encountered in a borehole from the surface to the bottom. Also known as a lithologic log.

Well Screen- A tubular device with either slots, holes, gauze, or continuous-wire wrap; used at the end or between sections of well casing to complete a well. Water enters a well through its well screen, which serves as a filtering device to sediments.

Wellfield - An area containing two or more wells that are supplying water to a public water system.

Wellhead - The physical structure, facility, or device at the land surface from or through which ground water flows or is pumped from subsurface, water-bearing formations.

G-11 APPENDIX II

POLLUTANTS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHWAY RUNOFF WATER QUALITY Table 1. Sources of pollutant constituents (Kobringer, 1.984). Constituent Primary Sources Particulates P!ivement wear, vehicles, atmosphere, maintenance, snow/ice abrasives, sediment disturbance. • Nitrogen, Phosphorous Atmosphere, roadside fertilizer use, sediments. Lead Leaded gasoline, tire wear, lubrieating oil and grease, bearing wear, atmospheric fallout. Zinc Tire wear, motor oil, grease. Iron Auto body rust, steel highway structures, engine parts.

Copper !Vfetalp~ating, bearing wear, engine parts, brake lining wear, fungicides and msectic1des use. Cadmium Tire wear, insecticide application. Chromium Metal plating, engine parts, brake lining wear.

Nickel Die~el fuel and gasoline, lubricating oil, metal plating, brake lining wear, asphalt pavmg. Manganese Engine parts. Bromide Exhaust. Cyanide Anticake compound used to keep deicing salt gtanular.

Sodium~ Calcium Deicing salts, grease. Chloride Deicing salts. Sulphate Roadway beds, fuel, deicing salts. Petroleum Spills, leaks,. blow-by motor lubricants, antifreeze, hydraulic fluids, asphalt surface leacnate.

PCBs, pesticides Spra_y~g qfhighway right of ways, atmospheric deposition, PCB catalyst in syntfiet1c trres. Pathogenic bacteria Soil litter, bird droppings, trucks hauling livestock/stockyard waste. Rubber Tire wear. Asbestos* Clutch and brake linin wear. *No mineral asbestos has been identified in runoff, however some break-down products of asbestos have been measured. ·

From Evaluation and Management of Highway Runoff Water Quality, by G. Kenneth Young, Stuart Stein, Pamela Cole, Traci Kammer, Frank Bank (Publication No. FHWA-PD- 96-032, June 1996). APPENDIX III

SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER MAPS & DESCRIPTIONS Sole Source Aquifers in Ohio

N 0 A

ocounties -SoleS ource Aquifers (SSA) QMR.\ GREAT MIAMI/LITTLE MIAMI RIVER BASINS BURIED VALLEY AQUIFER SYSTEM SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER OESIGNAT£0 ANO PROJECT REVIEW AREA

Designated and Project Review Area Boundary

High to high-intermediate Potential productivity based on aquifer char rill acteristics and proximity to recharge Low-inte[mediate to low potential productivity based an aquifer char acteristics and proximity to recharge •·········

...... '!· .. ····This map illustrates the Sole Source •• Aquifer. boundaries as designated by U.S.EPA. It is not to be used to infer hydrogeologic· conditions related to specific siting or development considerations. October, 1988 SOURCE: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, County Groundwater Resource Maps. "The ground-water characteristics have been mapped regionally, based upon in terpretations of water well records and 4miles 2 0 2 4 Smiles the area's geology and hydrology." 1-tJ u lo;;;;;Jo--ol Aquifer boundaries are approximate. Prepared by: Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission in cooperation with Ohio • K"entucky·lndidna Regional Council of Governments () c 0 '-..,_/ •

.)•

i?O I?

lj z I \ . - / '< \:.~~- . .. . .-.._,_ ·, •_, ,:::-:-.: : .. J ·: ~- •· .. ·~-.

··'-:-;;:-:." r·

'"O• ,/'' {' ... _ .\!; d d ,, Ha ,-!,,,,. .·/· .·-/ . ~ '/ .;;-. :<). .... 'l. :. • 3:. :=: ./. ~; · .... R .\ S T '~-TI A R R 0 it .. ' . . . HT .\ T Jo: P .-\ R I\ .. ·... ,, Harb11r ~~r: L. __ . . •··. . rauo:~L'"9 ~·''''.'

"'o( ~ CATAWBA ISLAND Lr:: --'-~r----'~/._...,. SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER .. -:-- ~/~Jf ---~. -Coincident Bound~ries of ~quifer, _;r-- -.,...- / i •.....--- Recharge, and ProJect Rev1ew .k. Cl Southern Boundary of Aquifer, :!' ~ Recharge and Project Review ~ .$.' . D - .,.. .=J4' - U.S.G.S. Gypsum Quadr::mgie Location .A N J ...,._"-· ,_, ..· "t: ..~~,- ---- . I· ...; .: . t.. '-.o!l'>l 7 -ff1; • -. , Ql"' -· . . .. : :--.: ('~ ...... ' ~'~~ r.' '--'-.. ,, ('·· ~;~{@ -: _ ... ·_. ::: . ' --- Mit• ).____ ,,· gnO - ,, :~). ~-, (_ l j" ..\ \ , .J ( , >~;-.-:--' { \~)·' \ \· \ . '--. \ .---···""" \ .... f ~- ...... )' \ I 0 ' , . I.· ~-. : .:. -~ '~ ·.·'~\>·. ( ~ . ) . /\: ! . 0 5 . : .. :. ~ .: -· i,,~~ " i n /( . ··, , .... f ~-- ··- - •. - ~ e l. e o o I • -~~ \ 6 -~ .," I _...... -~-=-: / ./ r. / 1.'· I ·--' .. ~·o I ' •• ·.: :;.·.1: I 1 --9,)< '·· ' . -\ I 1 -~.·.:.. -...... · '· I t.:_HL- -- ( ' : ... 0 l' ~ ' ·; I .. -·t ~----• .-·.-. \, >-- --.o J:"cc LJ\. .. -\ ·'<· ' l ~~--~--) ~~~;-.:.-- ...... c: -II 1--t.~s -< '/v);,J ·v··/'1) \''· ( _, 'f" - ,ry//' _I ID , -- - fr, 1r,..~_ ~~-~ -; . s,~"4.- ~--' .. ·j .,..,,.... \ - -_.jJ .

PII ~ ..JH.~~···i:\~r-:~· , , -~,r -r.; ' ,_f '"t.-1. "'JI'lg -l , -J\2 J.!- t, . PLEASANT CITY ~ ' SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER _,; Legend ·v., . - Pr~~osed Aquifer Boundary •' I; ---· Aquifer Service Area l ... I.· cs· ,, • Municipal Well Field OHIO 1 . ( '"-·:; U.S.G.S. Byesville ..· · Nt · Quadrangle Location . l '-"";. 0 () \

USGS 1° X 2 ° Quadrangle: Muncie, Indiana-Ohio SCALE 1:250,000 . 5~3::::::E:::::3::=::JE::::::3:::o======i5======~10 Statu te M 11 e s 5E3::::::E3::=E::::I:o======5~=====~10=====::515 K II om e te. r s N J CONTOUR INTERVAL 50 FEET DESCRIPTIONS OF OHIO'S SOLE SOURCE AQUIFERS ...

25670 Federal Register I Vol. 53, No. 131 I Friday, July 8, 1988 I Notices

[FRL-341D-7] Burled Valley Aquifer System, Ohio (Southern Portion) Sole Source Aqulf"' Petition: Anal Detennlnatlon

AGENCY: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION: Notice of final determination.

SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that, under section 1424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region V Administrator has determined that the petitioned southern portion of the Buried Valley Aquifer System of the Great Miami/Little Miami River Basins of Southwestern Ohio, hereafter called the Buried Valley Aquifer System (BV AS-South), is the sole or principal source of drinking water iri the petitioned area. and that this aquifer, if contaminated, would create a significant hazard to public health. As a result of this action, all Federal financially assisted projects conatructed in the BVAS area and its principal recharge zone will be subject to EPA's review to insure that these projects are designed and constructed so that they do not create a significant hazard to public health. DATES: Because the economic and regulatory impact of this action will be minimal, this determination will be effective as of the date it is signed by .the Regional Administrator. ADDRESSES: The data OD which these findings are baaed are available to the public and may be inspected during normal business bOW'S at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Ground Water SWG-TUBS, 230 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60604. FOR FURTH£R INFORMATION CONTACT: Wm. Turpin Ballard. Office of Ground Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V, at 312-353-1435. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background Section 1424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C., 300f', 300h-3(e), Pub. L 93-523) states: .-

Federal Register I Vol. 53, No. 131 / Friday, July 8, 1988 I Notices 25671

the Administrator determines on his individuals that presently rely on the · water bodies to be the primary recharge own ___ .,iative or upon petition, that an area aquifer. to the wellfield. However, according to a has an aquifer which is the sole or principal 3. The Buried Valley Aquifer System USGS report on the aquifer system, "The . drinking water source for the area and which, South is an unconfined to semiconfined flow [in the rivers] that is equaled or if contaminated, would create a significant hazard to public health. he shall publish aquifer system that transmits water exceeded 90 percent of the notice of that determination in the Federal through unconsolidated glacial time * •- * is generally considered to Register. After the publication of any such sediments. The high porosity and come primarily from ground water." In notice, no commitment for Federal financial permeability of these deposits, coupled other words, ground water contributes assistance [through a grant, contract, loan with thin overlying soils and shallow the bulk of water to rivers in the area. guarantee, or otherwise) may be entered into depth of water, make the BV AS-South So the primary recharge mechanism for any project which the Administrator very vulnerable to contamination. ultimately remains the infiltration of determines may contaminate such aquifer Contamination has already occurred, in precipitation over the aquifer, and the . through a recharge zone so as to create a Hamilton, Butler, Warren, and Clermont recharge area boundaries are coincident significant hazard to public health, but a Counties. Sources for contamination commitment for Federal financial assistance with the aquifer system boundaries. may, if authorized under another provision of include, but are not limited to: (A)· · The project review area consists of law. be entered into to plan or design the Leaking underground sto~:age tanks, (B) · the area over the Class I and II aquifers project to assure that it will not so stormwater drains that discharge to south a hydrodynamic boundary which contaminate the aquifer." grourid water, (C) accidental release of occurs just south of the City of Franklin hazardous materials, (D) use and in Warren County, to the southern Effective March 9, 1981, authority to improper storage of agricultural boundary of the Great Miami Basin and make a Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) chemicals, (E) salting of roads for ice Designation Determination was · including that portion of the BV AS in the control, and (F) poorly functioning on Little Miami Basin in Warren. Clermont. delegated to the U.S. EPA Regional site waste water disposal systems. Administrators. and Clinton Counties. Included are two Should any of the above sources of small "fingers" of aquifer in western On March 10, 1988, EPA received a contamination enter the public water Preble County that connect with the complete SSA petition from the Ohio supply, there could be a significant main aquifer in the BV AS-South area. Kentucky-Indiana Regional Council of negative effect on drinking water The designated area does not include Governments of Cincinnati, Ohio~ which quality, with a consequent adverse the Mill Creek Basin in Butler and petitioned EPA to designate the BVAS effect on public health. Hamilton Counties. This basin contains South as a Sole Source Aquifer. III. Description of the Buried Valley a Class I aquifer, but the population in On April 20, 1988. EPA published Aquifer System: Hydrogeology; Use; the drainage basin depends primarily on n \to announce a public comment Recharge; Boundaries surface water for their drinking water pt:. .:.i regarding the petition. The public The entire BV AS of the Great Miami/ supply. Although the communities of was invited to submit comments and Wyoming, Lockland, Glendale, and information on the petition until June 3, Little Miami River Basins was formed when successive glacial events Reading do use ground water as their 1988. A public meeting was held on May water source, they can connect to the 18, 1988, at the EPA Research facility in · discharged sediment-choked meltwater& through pre-existing bedrock valleys. Cincinnati water system if the aquifer Cincinnati. Comments were accepted for becomes contaminated beyond levels 16 days following the meeting. These meltwaters left behind heterogeneous deposits of gravel, sand, commensurate with public health. When II. Basis for Determination silt, and clay. The gravel and sand considered as a separate hydrologic deposits form the principal aquifers of system. the Mill Creek Basin does not Among the factors to be considered meet the criteria established by EPA for by the U.S. EPA in connection with the the BV AS, and range in thickness from · 20 to 400 feet, and in width from Ytoth to sole source eligibility. Also excluded is designation of an area under Section a portion of the Ohio River in southwest 1424(e) are: (1} Whether the BVAS-South 3 miles. The Ohio Department of Natural Resources subdivides the BV AS into Butler County, just upstream from the is the area's sole or principal source of confluence of the Ohio with the Great drinking water, and (2) whether Class I and Class II aquifers, based on hydrogeologic characteristics. Miami River. This designation includes contamination of the aquifer would Ground water withdrawal from public no part of the Ohio River Aquifer. create a significant hazard Jo public and private water supply wells in the IV. Alternative Sources health. On the· basis of technical BVAS-South averages approximately 74 information available to this Agency, million gallons per day (mg/d) within The Petitioner.considered two the Regional Administrator has made the proposed area. This resource is so alternatives to the BVAS-South to the following findings, which are the readily available and prolific that few supply drinking water; existing surface bases for the determination noted communities and individuals within water systems and bedrock aquifers. above: reach- of it have developed alternative Bedrock aquifers do not have the 1. The BV AS-South currently serves sources, with the exception of much of characteristics necessary to enable them as the "sole source" of drinking water the Cincinnati Metropolitan Area, which to transmit sufficient water to replace for approximately 650,000 residents, of relies on water from the Ohio River. In the amount currently supplied by the Butler, Warren, Hamilton. Clermont and fact, 73 percent of the public water and aquifer. In addition, the water is highly Clinton Counties. 100 percent of the private water in the mineralized, requiring additional 2. There is no existing alternative proposed designated area is drawn from treatment to bring it up to the quality of drinking water souri:e or combination of the BV AS-South. the current supply. Thousands of new Fes which provides 50 percent or The BV AS-South is recharged wells would have to be drilled, and J of the drinking water to the · primarily by precipitation, with a IJlinor< additional piping installed for public designated area, nor is there any amount contributed as inflow from the water supplies. Private users would available, cost-effective potential source upland areas. Some of the public supply have the expense either of hooking up to capable of replacing the drinking water wellfields produce sufflt:hmt drawdown· public water, deepening their existing needs of the communities and to cause induced recharge from surface wells, or redrilling. ,•

25672 Federal Register I Vol. 53, No. 131 I Friday, July 8, 1988 I Notices

The City of Cincinnati public water· plan or design the project to assure that absence of data to support the system draws heavily on Ohio River it will not contaminate the aquifer. Chamber's position, EPA is accepting water, using over 27 million gallons per Although the project review process the demographic and water use data of day. Additional river water, as well as cannot be delegated, the U.S. the petition. water from two reservoirs in Warren Environmental Protection Agency will Cincinnati Gas and Electric Company and Clermont Counties, could be rely to the maximum extent possible on requested that a portion of the proposed supplied to nearby. ground water existing or future State and local control designated area that includes the Ohio dependent systems. However, many mechanisms in protecting the ground River Aquifer in southwest Butler water systems, are not within a distance water quality of the EIVAS.Included in County be excluded from the final that is normal for the area to transport the review of any Federal financially designation. Analysis of geologic data water. Under the EPA Sole Source assisted project will be coordination suggests that the area in question is Aquifer Guidance, for a potential source with State and local agencies. Their separate and upgradient from the Great to be considered as viable, it must be comments will be given full Miami aquifer and, therefore, will not be "near" in terms of what is normal for the consideration, and the Federal review part of the final designated area. area. Also, in many cases where th·e process will attempt to complement and potential source is near, the support State and local ground water VII. Economic and Regulatory Impact infrastructure necessary to transfer to protection mechanisms. Under the provisions of the that source must be constructed, which VI. Summary of Public Comments Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), 5 would send annual costs to users over U.S.C. 605(b), I hereby certify that the the economic thresholds of the gti~dance. The City of Oxford, Ohio, requested attached rule will not have a significant The potential alternative water that a portion of Class ll Aquifer within impact on a substantial number of small sources considered in the petition could its boundaries be excluded because entities. For purposes of this not replace the increment supplied by there are no wells in it that could be Certification; the "small entity" shall impacted by contamination. Because the BV AS-South if it should become have the same meaning as given in there is no hydrogeologic reason to widely contaminated. Therefore, from section 601 of the RFA. This action is exclude this portion, EPA will include it the standpoint of use, the BV AS-South, only applicable to the designated area of excluding the Mill Creek Basin Aquifer, in the designated area. However, the absence of drinking water wells will be the Buried Valley Aquifer System-South. meets the criteria of a sole or principal Th·e only affected entities will be those source aquifer. a factor to consider in future reviews when determining whether ·area-based businesses, organizations, or IV. Information Utilized in contamination from a project would governmental jurisdictions that request Determination create a hazard to public health. Federal financial assistance for projects · The information utilized in this During a public meeting on May 18, which have the potential to contaminate determination includes the petition, 1988, the question arose as to whether. the aquifer so as to create a significant published State and Federal reports on the Mill Creek Ba-sin (MCB) Aquifer hazard to public health. EPA does not the area, and various technical should be included in the designated expect to be reviewing small isolated publications. The petition file is area. When considered as a separate commitments of financial assistance on available to the public and may be hydrologic system, the MCB aquifer an individual basis,. unless a cumulative inspected during normal business hours supplies only about 20 percent of the impact on the aquifer is anticipated; at the U.S. Environmental Protection drinking water, with the majority of the accordingly, the number of affected Agency, Region V, Office of Ground population on surface water from the sma11 entities will be minimal. Water, 111 W. Jackson, lOth Floor, Cincinnati System. The area is highly For those sma11 entities which are Chicago, Illinois 60604. industrialized, and a substantial portion subject to review, the impact of today's action will not be significant. Most V. Project Review of the recharge area is already occluded by development. The Mill Creek itself is projects subject to this review will be EPA Region Vis working with the heavily channelized and, in many preceded by a ground water impact Federal agencies that may in the future stretches, enclosed in a cement channel assessment required under other Federal provide financial assistance to projects which prevents it from gaining flow in laws, such as the National ' in the area of concern. Interagency those stretches from ground water. Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) as procedures and Memoranda of Proponents for inclusion of the MCB amended, 42 U.S.C. 4321, et seq. Understanding will be developed Aquifer maintained that to exclude it Integration of those related review through which EPA will be notified of from the designated area would disrupt procedures with Sole Source Aquifer proposed commitments of funding by the integrity of the BVAS Sole Source review will allow EPA and other Federal Federal agencies for projects which Aquifer and have adverse impacts on agencies to avoid delay or duplication of could contaminate the designated area the water supply of those communities effort in approving financial assistance, of the Buried Valley Aquift:r System. that do use the MCB Aquifer for their thus minimizing any adverse-effect on EPA will evaluate such projects and, water supply. those &man entities which are affected. where necessary, conduct an in-depth In a written comment, the Greater Finally, today's action does not prevent review, including solicitation of public Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce grants of Federal financial assistance comments where appropriate. Should

. . ~ ...

Federal Register I Vol. 53. No. 131 I Friday, July 8, 1988 I Notices- 25673 of$~ million or more on the economy, will not cause any major increase in costs or prices. and will not have significant adverse effects on competition, employmeRt. iDvestment, productivity, innovation, or the ability of United States enterprises to compete in domestic or export markets. Today's action only provides for an in-depth review of ground water protection measures, incorporating State and local measures whenever possible, for only these projects which request Federal financial assistance. Dated: June 17, 1988. Valdaa V. Adamkua, Regional Administrator: [FR Doc. 11&-15344 Filed 7-7~ 8:45 amJ BIUJHG CODE~

t ... Federal Register I Vol. 52. No. 191 I Friday, October 2. 1987 I Notices 37009

assisted projects constructed in the Bass Island Aquifer area and its principal recharge zone will be subject to EPA's review to Insure that these projects are designed and constructed such that they do not create a significant hazard to public health. DATU: This determination shall be promulgated for purpose• or judicial review at 1:00 p.m. East em time on October 16, 1987. ADDIIUIU: The data on which these finding• are based are available to the public and may be i~c:ted during nonnal business houri'~t1be U.S. Environmental Proteciion Agency, Office of Ground Water SWG-TUB8. 230 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago. IUinois 60604. FOR IIURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Wm. Turpin Ballard, Office of Ground Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V, at 312-353-1435. 8UPPUIIENTARY INFOMUlTIOII: I. Background Section 1424{e} of the Safe Drin..IOI'.g Water Act (42 U.S.C .• 300f. 300h-3(e). Pub. L. 93-523} states: "(e) If the Administrator determines on his own initiative or upon petition. that an area has an aquifer which ia the sole or principal drinking water source for the area and which. if contaminated. would create a significant hazard to public health. he shall publish notice of that detenninalion in the Federal Rezister. After the publication of any such notice. no commitment for Federal financial assistance (throush a grant. contract. loan guarantee. or otherwise) may be entered into for any project which the Administrator determines may contaminate such aquifer through a (FRL-3271·21 recharse zone so as to create a significant hazard to public health, but a Sole Source Aquifer Petition; Final commitment for Federal financial Determination; Catawba Island, OH assistance may. iC authorized under AGENCY: U.S. Environmental Protection another provision of taw. be entered into Agency. plan or design the project to assure that it will not so contaminate the aquifer ... ACTION: Notice of final detennination. Effective March 9. 19117. authority to SUMMARY: Notice ia hereby given that. make a Sole Sou~ Aquifer Designation pursuant to section l.ut(e) of the Safe Determination was delegated to the U.S. Drinkint Water Act. the U.S. EPA Regional Administrators. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA} On March 17,1986. EPA received a Region V Administrator has determined petition from the Catawba Island that the Bass Islands Dolomite Aquifer, Residents AssoCiation and the Fairway which underlies Catawba Island Association, both of Port Clinton. Ohio, Town~hip in Ottawa County, Ohio. which petitioned EPA to designate the hereafter called the Bass Islands Bass Islands Aquifer as a Sole Source Aquifer. is the IOh! or principal smrrce of Aquifer. On May IS. 1987, EPA drinking water for Catawba bland published to announ~e a public Township and that this aquifer. if comment period regarding the petition. contaminated, would create a siBftificant The public was permitted to submit hazard to public health. As a result of comments and infonnation on the this r~ction. all Federal finaAciaJty petition until Juty 19. 1987. During this 37010 Federal Register I Vol. 52, No. 191 I Friday. October 2. 1987 I Notices

period a request for a publk: meeting sources of contamination enter the Federal agencies for projects which was received and a notice announcing public water supply. there could be a could contaminate the Bass Islands the meeting was published in the same significant negative effect on drinking Aquifer. upon which Catawba Island newspaper. The meeting was held July 6. water quality with a consequent adverse Township depends for its sole or 1987, and the public comment period effect on public health. principal source water supply. EPA will was extended to july 19. 1987. to allow evaluate such projects and. where for additional written comments Ill. Description of the Bass Islands necessary. conduct an in-depth review. Aquifer, Along With ita Recharge Zone tmbsequent to the meeting. including soliciting public comments The Bass Islands Aquifer is a bedrock where appropriate. Should the Regional 11. Basis for Detennination · aquifer consisting of jointed and Administrator determine that a project Among the factors to be considered brecciated dolomite (a calcium may contaminate the aquifer through its by the U.S. EPA in connection with the magnesium carbonate rock) which also recharge zone so as to create a designation of an area under section contains many solution cavities. The significant hazard to public health. no 1424(e) are: (1) Whether the Bass Island . joints and cavities provide the conduits commitment for Federal financial Aquifer is the area's sole or principal . along which ground water is transmitted - assistance may .M·msde. However, a source of drinking water, and (2) to any wells that intersect them. The commitment for f"'ederal financial whether contamination of the aquifer dolomite formation is approximately assistance may, if auttiorized uridcr would create a significant hazard to lOQ-120 feet thick, and is underlain by another provision of law, be made to public health. On the basis of technical the anhydrite-rich Salina Group. Water plan or design the project to assure thut information available to this Agency, wells which penetrate as deep as the it will not .so contaminate the aquifer. the Regional-Administrator has made · Salina Group encounter sulfur-rich .Although the project review process the following findings, which are the water due to the calcium sulfate cannot be delegated. the U.S. bases for the determination noted composition of anhydrite. Environmental Protection Agency will above: Principal recharge of the aquifer is rely to the maximum extent possible on 1. The Bass Island Aquifer currently due mainly to infiltration of precipition existing or future State and local control sen·es as the "sole source" of drinking through soils and unsaturated bedrock. mechanisms in protecting the ground water for approximately 4,600 Therefore. the entire surface of the water quality of the Bass Islands permanent residents, 7,100 seasonal designated area is the effective recharge Aquifer. Included in the review of any residents, and up to 20.000 transient zone. However. because of the · Federal financially assisted project will users. undeveloped nature of the center of the be the coordination with the State and 2. Catawba Island Township is a area, and because of the presence of peninsula Y.·hich extends ii'ito Lake Erie. local agencies. Their comments will be karst sinkholes, ponds and collapse given full consideration. and the Federal However: due to the absence on the features. this portion of the recharge re\iew process will attempt to peninsula of a central water distribution area not only contributes a larger system, Lake Erie water is not available complement and support State and local volume to recharge, it is potentially a ground water protection mechanisms. for use as a source of drinking water. . more vulnerable location for There is no existing alternati\"e drinking contaminants to-enter the aquifer. VI. Summary and Discussion of Public water lioui'ce or combination of sources The review area for Federal Comments which provides 50 percent or more of the financially assisted projects will be the The primary issues that came out of drinking water to the designated area. entire peninsula north of the 580 foot nor is there any available. cost effective the public comment period revolve contour (which marks the contact around a pending sewer project which is potential source capable of replacing the between the Bass Islands Dolomite and drinking water needs of for the Catawba being planned for Catawba Island the Salina Group) on the U.S.G.S. 7112 Township by the Ottawa County Township community that are presently . minute topographic map called the Commissioners. Catawba Island is · supplied by the aquifer. · Gypsum Quadrangle, Ohio. 3. The Bass Islands Aquifer is an · number one on the Ohio EPA priority unconfined to semi-confined aquifer that IV. Information Utilized in list for funds to unsewered areas. transmits water along joints and · Detennination Federal funds have been set aside for. solution cavities, which are common The information utilized in this but not yet committed to the projt:cl. The features in the dolomite bedrock. The determination includes the petition, county is concerned that Sole Source majority of the area residents draw their written and verbal comments submitted designation would delay appro\·al of drinking water from private wells which by the public. and various technical funding and/or necessitate costly are typically 30 to 60 feet deep. Because publications. The above data are modifications to the construction plans. of the ease by which water is available to the public and may be EPA response was that this is a transmitted through the relatively large inspected during normal business hours possibility, but that the fact of a pending conduits in the bedrock, downward at the U.S. Environmental Protection sewer project was not germaine to a migration of surface or near-surface Agency, Region V, Office of Ground finding as to the eligibility of the aquifer contaminants to the saturated zone Water; 230 S. Dearborn (5WG-TU88). for designation. could occur hi a relatively short time. Chicago. lliinois 60604. The petitioners are concerned about with little .opportunity for attenuation of the possible effects that trench blasting the eontaminants. Sources for such v. Project Review for the sewer could have on the quality ·contamination· include. but are not EPA Region V is working with the quantity of their water. EPA response limited to: (A) Effluent from residential Federal agencies that may in the future wail that this concern, again, was · · or commercial sewage disposal sites, (B) -provide financial assistance to projects something to be addressed i~ a project . use and improper storage of agricultural in the are• of concern. Interagency review, and did not impact on a ! chemicals, (C) leaking underground · · procedures and Memoranda of designation decision. iltorage tanks. (D) leachment of Understanding will be developed Neither the County. the public, nor fertilizers associated with golf .course · through which EPA will be notifted of any other entity submitted comments maintenance. Should any of the above proposed commitments of funding by which substantially refuted the data ' . , . Fed~ral Register I Vol. 52, No. 191 I f"riday. October 2. 1987 I ~vtkes 37utt provided in the petition. Based on this Uni~ed States enterprises to compete in ~~ta. and verified thru technical review. domestic or export markets. Today's area proposed for designation was action only affects the Bass Islands "'-'~rmined to be dependent upon one Aquifer and the Catawba Island aquifer for its sole or principal drinking Township, Ohio, area. It provides an water source and which aquifer. if additional review of ground water co:~!aminated, would pose a serious protection measures. incorporating State threi:ll to the health of the residents of and local measures, whenever possible, Catawba Island Township. for only those projects which request VII. Economic and Regulatory Impact Federal financial assistance. P..:rsuant to the provisions of the Da!P.d: September 21. 1987 Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA). 5 Frank M. Covington, U.S.C. 605(b), l hereby certify that the Acting Regional Administrator. attached rule will not have a significant [FR Doc. 87-22791 field t~t-a7; 8:-15 amJ impact on a substantial number of small IILUNG COOE II4MHIHI entities. For purposes o£ this Certification. the "small entity" shall have the same meaning as given in section 601 of the RFA. This action is only applicable to the Catawba Island Township area. The only affected entities will be those area-based businesses. organizations or go\·emmental jurisdiction that request federal financial assitance for projects which have the potential to contaminate the aquifer so as to create a significant hazard to pub:ic health. EPA does not expect to be reviewing small isolated commitments of financial assistance on i:ln i.'1dividual basis. unless a cumulative impact on the aquifer is anticipated: -:;ordingly. the number oi affected iii entities "''111 be minimal. ior those small entities which are subject to review. the impact to today's dctioa will not be significant. Most projects subject to this review will be preceded by a ground water impact assessment required pursuant to other Federal laws. such as the National Envimnmental Policy Act (:-\EPA) as amended 42 U.S.C. 431. et seq. Integration of those related review procedures with Sole Source Aquifer review will a !low EPA and other Federal agencies to avoid delay or dpulication of effort in approving financial assistance thus minimizing any adverse effect on those small entities which are affected. Fir.dily. today's action does not prevent grants of Federal financial assistance which may be available to any affected small entity in order to pay for the redesign of the project to assure protection of the aquifet;,. Under Executive Order i2..~. EPA must judge whether a regulation is "major" and, therefore. subject to the requirement of a Regulatory Impact Analysis. This regulation is not major because it will not have an annual effect of 5100 million or more on the economy, will not cause any major increase in 'sts or prices. and will not have ,hificant adverse effects on competition. employment. investment, productivity. innovation. or thP. ability of Federal Register I Vol. 52. No. 166 I Thursday, August 27, 1967 I Notices

[FRL-3251-4]

Flnil Determination; Unconsolidated Valley-Fill Underlying Pleaunt City In Guernaey County, OH AGENCY: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. · ACTION: Notice.

8UIIIIARY: Notice is hereby given that, pursuant to section f424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water At:t; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region V Administrator has determined that the Unconsolidated Valley-Fill · Aquifer underlying Pleasant City in Guernsey County, Ohio, hereafter called the Pleasant City Aquifer, is -the sole or principal source of drinking water for ...

Federal Rqister I Vol. 52, No.186 I Thursday, August 27, 1987 I Notices 32343

1asant City and that this aquifer, if information on the petition until clay layers. The unconsolidated contaminated, would create a significant February 5, 1987. sediments are of glacial or alluvial hazard to public health. & a result of D. Basis for Determinadon origin and reach a total thickness of up this action, all Federal financially to 60 feet. Estimated areal extent of the assisted projects constructed in the Among the facton to be coaaidered aquifer is approximately 1.5 to 1.75 Pleasant City Aquifer area and its by the U.S. EPA in connection with the square miles. principal recharge zone will be subject deaipation of an area under section Principal recharze of the aquifer is to EPA's review to ensure that these 1424{e) are: (1) whether the Pleasant due mainly to precipitation and projects are designed and constructed City Aquifer ia the area'a aole or infiltration downward through the such that they do not create a significant principal. aource of drinkins water, and unconsolidated aquifer materiala. hazard to public health. (2) whether contamination of the aquifer Secondary sources of recbarse may would create a aignificant hazard to include infiltration of intermittent DATES: This determination shall be public health. On the basil of technical promu]gated for purposes of judicial fioodwaters and~ water information available to this Asency, underflow from upstream alluvial review at 1:00 P.M. Eaatern time on the Region V Adminiatrator hu made September 10. 1987. deposita. Due to the average amount of .L'te following findings. which are the annual rainfall of 30-32 inches, the ADDRESSEES: The data on which these bases for the determination noted streams can be classified as gainina findings are based are available to the above: streams. Therefore, they do not public and may be inspected during 1. The Pleasant City Aquifer currently contribute appreciably to aquifer normal business houn at the U.S. serves as the "sole source" of drinking recharge. Environmental Protection Agency, water for approximately 990 persona in Office of Ground Water SWG-TUBS, 230 the Pleasant City areL The review area for Federal S. Dearborn Street. Chicago, Illinois 2. There is no existing alternative financially auiated projects will .be the 60604. drinking water source or combination of alluvial valley occupied by Pleasant - sources which provides 50 percent or City from S.R. 313 south and weat to end FOR FURTIER INFORIIATIOII CONTACT: at the SW ~ of Section 7, TaN, R9W Wm. Turpin Ballard. Office of Ground more of the drinking water to the designated area, nor ia there any Byesville, Ohio (USGS 714 minute Water, U.S. Environmental Protection quadransJe). The aquifer recharge area Agency, Region V, at 312-886-2501. available cost-effective future source capable of supplying the drinking water ia coincident with the aquifer boundary SUPPLEMENTARY INFORIIATIOIC demands for the Pleasant City to a line &C1'081 the valley 14 mile northeast of and downflow from the t. Bac:kgrouad community. 3. The Pleasant City Aquifer is an Pleasant City wellfield; .'Section 1424(e) of the Safe DrinJdng unconfined aquifer consisting of water dater Act (42 U.S.C. 300f, 300b-3{e), IV. lnformatlOD Utilized In bearing layers of sand and gravel DetermiaatioD Pub. L 93-523) states: interbedded with leaa permeable layl!l'l · (e) If the Administrator determines on hia of silt and clay. The upper limits of tbe The information utilized in this own initiative or upon petition. that an ares screened interval of Pleasant City's determination includes the petition. has an aqulfer which is the sole or principal wells are within 25 to 36 feet of the written and verbal comments submitted drinking water source for the area and which. ground surface. At such deptha, by the public and varioua technical if contaminated. would create alignifiamt downward migration of surface or near publicationa. The above data are hazard to public health. be lhall publish surface contaminants into the upper available to the public and may be notice of that determination in the Federal water producing zone could occur in a inspected during normal businesa hours Register. After the publicatioa of aJI)' ncb at the U.S. Environmental Protection notice, no commitment far Federal financial relatively short time, with little asaiatance (through a IJ'IlDt. contract. loan opportunity for attenuation of the Agency, Reston V, Office of Ground guarantee, or otherwise) may be entered into contaminanL Sources for such Water, 230 S. Dearborn (5WG-11JB9), for any project which the Administrator contamination include, but are not Chicago, Dlinois 808CM. determines may contaminate such aquifer limited to: (1) residential or commercial V. Project Review through a recharge zone 80 •• to create a sewage disposal sites, (2) use and significant hazard to public health. bat a improper storage of agricultural EPA Regioa Via workfns with the commitment for Federal financ:ialauiltance chemicals, (S) chemical spilla aaaociated Federal qenciea that may in the future may, If authorized under another provisiOD of with rail and highway tranaport. (4) provide financial auistance to projects law, be entered into to plan or deaign tha in the area of concem.Interagency project to enure thatlt will not 80 leaking underpound storase tanka. (5) contaminate the aquifer. leachment of apoil and gob pilei procedure~ and Memoranda of asaociated with proposed 8Dd existing Understanclins will be developed Effective March 9. 18§7, authority to coal minins operatio111. (8) leacbment throusb which EPA will be notified or make a Sole Source .AqUifer Deaignation · from improperly constructed landfilla. · - propoaed commitmenta by Federal Determination waa delegated to EPA Should any of the above sources of agencies for projecta which could Regional Administraton. contamination enter the public water contaminate the Pleasant City Aquifer, On August 27, 1984. EPA received a supply, there could be a significant upon wbich Pleasant City dependa for petition from the Pleasant City CoUDCil negative eff(!Ct on drinking water quality its sole 1ource water aupply. EPA will and the Honorable Clayton Short. with a consequent adverse effect on evaluate such projects and. where Mayor, which petitioned EPA to public health. necessary, conduct an in-depth review, designate the Pleasant City Aquifer aa a including soliciting public comments · : 1le Source Aquifer. On January 5, 1987, m. Delatplioa of tbe PleuaDt aty where appropriate. Should tbe Regional ~)A published a notice in the Daily Aquifer, Along With Ita Rec:barp Zoae Admini1trator determine that a project Jeffersonian. a local newspaper, which The Pleuant City Aquifer is an may contaminate the aquifer throuah Ita served to reprint the petition. to unconfined ahaUow aquifer compoaed of recharge zone ao as to create a announce a public commeaL The public permeable sanda and gravela significant hazard to public health. no was permitted to submit commenta and interbedded with lea permeable lilt and commitment for Federal financ:ial Federal Register I Vol. 52. No. 166 I Thur&day, August 27, 1987 I Notices assistance may be made. However, a Integration of those related review commitment for Federal financial procedures with sole aource aquifer assistance may, if authorized under review will allow EPA and other Federal another provision of law, be made to agencies to avoid delay or duplication of plan or design the project to ensure that effort in approving financial assistance, it will not so contaminate the aquifer. thus minimizing any adverse effect on Althoqgh the project review process those small entities which are affected. cannot be delegated. the U.S. Finally, today's action does not prevent Environmental Protection Agency will grants of Federal financial assistance rely to the maximum extent possible on which may be available to any affected existing or future State and local control amall entity in order to pay for the mechanisms in protecting the ground redesign of the project to assure water quality of the Pleasant City · protection of the aquifer. Aquifer. Included in the review. of any Under Executive Order 12291, EPA Federal fmancially assisted project will must jucfse whether a regulation is be the coordination with the State and "major" and. therefore, subject to the local agencies. Their comments will be requirement of a Regulatory Impact given full consideration. and the Federal Analysis. This regulation is not major review process will attempt to because it will not have an annual effect complement and support State and local of $100 million or more on the economy, ground water protection mechanisms. will not have significant adverse effects VI. Summary and Discuaaion of Public on competition, employment, Comments investment, productivity, innovation, or the ability of United States enterprises None of the comments received from to compete in domestic or export the public were opposed to designation. markets. Today's action only affects the The area considered for designation was Pleasant City Aquifer of the Pleasant determined to meet the criteria of an City, Ohio, area. It proVides an area which depends upon an aquifer for additional review of ground water its sole or principal drinking water protection measures, incorporating State source and which. if contaminated, and local measures, whenever possible, would pose a serious threat to the health for only those projects which request of the residents of Pleasant City. - Federal financial assistance. Vll. Economic and Regulatory Impact Dated: August 17, 1987. Pursuant to the provisions of the Fruit M. Coviagtroa., Regulatory Flexibility Act (RF A), 5 Acting Regional Administrator. U.S.C. 605(b), I hereby certify that the (FR Doc. 87-19858 Filed &-26-87; 8:45 am] attached rule will not have a significant 81WNGCOOIIIIO-IO-II impact on a substantial number of small entities. For purposes of this Certification, the "small entity" shall have the same meaning as given in section 601. of the RF A. This action is only applicable to the Pleasant City area.· The only affected entities will be those area-based businesses, organizations or governmental jurisdictions that request Federal fmancial assistance for projects which have the potential to contaminate the aquifer so. aa to create a significant hazard to public health. EPA doea not expect to be. reviewing small isolated commitments of financial assistance on an i11dividual basis, unless a cumulative impact on the aquifer is anticipated: accordingly, the number of affected small entities will be minimal. For those small entities which are subject to review, the impact to today'a action will not be aignificanL Moat projects subject to this review will be preceded by a ground water Impact assessment required pursuant to other Federal laws. such as the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) as amended 42 U.S.C. 431, et seq. United States Region 5 Illinois, Indiana, Environmental Protection 77 West Jackson Blvd. Michigan, Minnesota, September 1992 Agency Chicago, Illinois 60604 Ohio, Wisconsin Allen County Area &EPA FACT Combined Aquifer System SHEET Sole Source Aquifer

The Allen County Area Combined Aquifer System. was designated a Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) in September 1992 as the result of a petition from Dumpbusters, Inc., of Spencerville, OH. Under Section 1424(e) of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act, individuals or organizations may petition EPA to designate aquifers as the "sole source or principal source" of drinking water for a. given service area. That is, an aquifer which is need~ to supply SO percent or more of the drinking water for an area and for which there are no reasonable alternative sources.

Aquifer Setting and Characteristics: .,. The Allen County Area Combined Aquifer System is located in western Ohio. It encompasses portions of Allen, Auglaize, Mercer, Putnam, and Van Wert Counties. (See the attached map.) .,. The aquifer system consists of carbonate bedrock of Silurian geologic age (the bedrock aquifer) and up to 50 feet or more of overlying unconsolidated glacial deposits, primarily till and sand and gravel (the shallow aquifer) . .,. The principal source of recharge to the aquifer is precipitation. Recharge of the aquifer is greater where the drift material is more permeable and/or thinner . .,. The aquifer boundary is comprised of subsurface bedrock features and surface drainage features . .,. The aquifer boundary, recharge area, and project review boundary are coincident.

Aquifer Usage: .,. Over 90 percent of the area's approximately 30,000 residents rely on public or private wells to supply their domestic water needs. In addition, ground water is used for livestock watering . .,. There are no cost-effective alternative sources of drinking water available to the area (alternative source cost is in excess of 0.4-0.6percent of average household income).

Project review: Designation as a Sole Source Aquifer provides for review by EPA of projects receiving Federal financial assistance that are proposed in the project review area to assess their inherent potential to contaminate ground water. Should such a potential exist, which cannot be mitigated by modification of the project design, no commitment of Federal funds by grant, contract, or loan guarantee may be made. !f ~~i~·;;,'~,:·.. f,:: -~~ ,. For More Information Contact: Sole Source Aquifer Coordinator Ground Water Protection Branch "JAN 2 51993 j U.S. EPA RegionS ~ .~JJl ~ 77 West Jackson Boulevard, WG-16J Chicago, IL 60604 ~\:.rib tJ (312) 886-1490 JLC·D APPENDIX IV

SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER MOU . ------See Below* date: May 25, 1989 · from: Wayne H. Kauble, Assistant Director

subject: Sole Source Aquifer FHWA/USEPA Memorandum of Understanding

*Randolf L. Germann, District 2 Deputy Director Harold W. Hitchens, District 5 Deputy Director G. Kenneth Copella, District 7 Deputy Director Lloyd Wallace, District 8 Deputy Director

The attached letter and enclosures from the Ohio Division of the Federal Highway Administration sets forth the policy for implementa tio~~oLthe Sole Source Aquifer (SSA) project review provisions of the Clean Wat~ Act (PL 93-523 [Section 1424(e)]). It is imperative that members of your Planning and Environmental Staffs read and understand both the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and the Federal Highway Administrations instructions for implementing the MOU. The following discussion highlights the most important of FHWA's instructions and the MOU.

Coordination, as pointed in the Ohio Division's transmittal, will be initiated by ODOT. The Bureau of Environmental Services will be responsible for review of documentation submitted for coordination by the Districts and initiation of coordination with the US Environ mental Protection Agenc:y (USEPA). :1\11 coordination including that for local projects should be submitted through the Districts. The Districts will be responsible for review of submissions for accuracy and completeness.

Coordination is required for all projects affecting the designated coordination portions of the SSAs which require an Environmental Assessment or Environmental Impact Statement. Projects processed as Categorical Exclusions do not require coordination. FHWA' s letter indicates that projects not yet authorized for construction which were processed with either an EA/FONSI or an EIS and which fall within the coordination requirements of the MOU will require coordination. To minimize delays the affected Districts should initiate an immediate review of projects which will be affected by this requirement and forward the information required for prelimi nary screening to the Bureau of Environmental Services in an expeditious manner.

GEN 1001 ( 3/84 l ®~4 See Below* May 25, 1989 Page 2

Attachment 3 to the MOU establishes the information needed for a preliminary screening. Additional guidance regarding Item 3, contaminants, in the information needed for a preliminary screening will be provided by the Bureau of Environmental Services. Until this additional guidance is available the Districts should complete this section based on data available in their environmental files. Attachment 4 provides guidance for the more formal Ground Water Impact Assessment.

Lastly for Districts 7 and 8 where the SSA encompasses most of the districts, the coordination requirements are for projects which affect the Class 1 and Class 2 portions of the SSA. Determination of this portion of the SSA should be based on the detailed county maps of the SSA available from the respective regional planning commissions. It should be noted that the OKI Regional Planning Commission mapping made available to the Bureau of Environmental Services incorrectly identified the portions of the SSA requiring coordination but did include correct mapping of the Class 1 and Class 2 boundaries.

Questions rega~d ing the MOU or SSAs should be addressed to Tom Linkpus in the Bureau of Environmental Services (614) 466-5975. 1/(Pj?t-IH~ WHK:bm5

cc: Mr. Kauble - Mr. Stitt - Mr. Schaefer - Mr. McClure, District 2 - Mr. Ligabel, District 2, w/atts. - Mr. Nerland, District 5 - Mr. Dupler, District 5, w/atts. - Mr. Charles, District 5, w/atts. - Mr. Rudy, District 7 - Mr. Bowers, District 7, w/atts. - Mr. Newhouse, District 8 - Mr. Jindal, District 8 - Mr. Patton, District 8, w/atts. - Mr. DeHart, District 8, w/atts. - File - Reading File ...... ,. ~ u.s. Deportment ASSISTANT DIRECTOR'S' 200 North High Street. Room 328 c:A Transportation OFFICE Columbus. Ohio 43215 Federal Highway Administration MAY161989 May 15, 1989 ORIG. TO .:·l\~1J$rt wli't;i;. 1111 HEC-OH COPIES TO ~- Stitt ,..,.. ~If ! ~· ------R/F File - '\S;,~. . .. \ .-:';>/ ~"-<., I~ j l \ ()'" .. / Mr. Bernard B. Hurst, Director ~"·~·-· Ohio Department of Transportation Columbus, Ohio

Subject: Sole Source Aquifer FHWA Memorandum of Understanding with US EPA (Bureau of Environmental Services)

Dear Mr. Hurst:

The Regional offices of FHWA and EPA have finalized the attached Memorandum of Understanding ( MOU) which details the review of Federal-aid projects that may affect a designated sole source aquifer (SSA). The goal of the MOU js to ensure ~hat Federal-aid highway projects located in designated SSAs are designed, constructed, and maintained in a manner that will prevent the introduction of contaminants into the aquifer in quantities that may create a significant hazard to public health.

The MOU has four attachments that are explained in the MOU. The first attachment includes the maps and descriptive text for each of the designated SSAs. At the present time, there are four designated SSAs located in Ohio. As new areas are designated, EPA will furnish FHWA with copies of the maps and descriptive text to be included in Attachment 1.

We are also attaching a copy of 40 CFR Part 149 and a ground water bibliography for your information. The regulation covers EPA procedures for reviewing Federal-assisted projects located within a designated SSA. While subpart B of the regulation refers to the Edwards Underground Reservoir in Texas, the regulation is used by EPA for all designated SSA reviews. The ground water bibliography provides a list of publications available as reference material for the assessment and protection of ground water resources.

While the MOU outlines procedures that need to be followed, it will take time and experience to gain total understanding and agreement with US EPA. As you will note, the April 26 comment letter from US EPA on the MOT-49 projects is not consistent with the MOA in that EPA is requesting further review of the project. After discussion with our Regional office, it appears that, with better and more direct discussion of EPA's concerns in our submissions, this step should not be needed in the future. 2

In summary, the MOA is in effect and all pro,jects that will require an EIS or EA should be process~d in accordance with its requirements. In implementing this procedure, ODOT should also review any project that lies within a designated SSA and was processed with an EIS or EA/FONSI that has not yet been authorized for construction. If there are such projects, they should be coordinated with EPA.

While the MOA identifies only FHWA in the coordination effort, it is understood by US EPA that the individual State Transportation agencies will be the prime contact. If problems do develop, FHWA will become involved to assist in resolving the issue. All submissions to US EPA should be in accordance with Attachment 3 (Preliminary Screening) and Attachment 4 (Ground Water Impact Assessment) . Please refer any questions on this subject to Jim Steele of our office, 469-6896.

Sincerely yours,

.Jl

Attached are two copies of the subject MOU between the Regional Office of the Environmental Protection Agency and this office concerning the review of projects for which Federal assistance is sought and that may affect a sole source.aquifer (SSA) designated under Section 1424(e) (copy attached) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (P. L. 93-523). The goal of the MOU is to ensure that Federal aid highway projects located in designated SSA 1 s are designed, constructed, and maintained in a manner that will prevent the introduction of contaminants into the aquifer in quantities that may create a significant hazard to public health. The MOU has four attachments that are explained in the MOU. The first attachment is to include the maps and descriptive text for 1 0 each of the designated SSA s. At the present time, there are only '- -~ designated SSA' s loca-t;ed in Ohio. and one is located in 0 Ind1ana. For those states w1thout a des1gnated SSA, Attachment 1 wi,l.).. be blan~. . As new areas are .designated, EPA will furnish us with copies of the maps and descriptive text to be included in Attachment 1. We are also attaching to this memorandum two copies of 40 CFR Part 149 and a ground water bibliography for your information. The regulation covers EPA procedures for reviewing Federal assisted projects located within a designated SSA. While subpart B of the regulation refers to the Edwards Underground Reservoir in Texas, the regulation used by EPA for all designated SSA reviews. The .ground water bibliography provides a list of publications available as reference material for the assessment and protection of ground water resources.

-more- 2 since the State highway agency will be performing the necessary studies and coordination with EPA, one copy of the MOU and attachments to this memorandum should be furnished to them for their use.

If you should have any questions on the MOU, please contact Mr. Paul Quinn at FTS 370-9148.

Herbert R. Teets

By: /~~it~ Director Ofc. of Planning & Program Development Attachment MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND! NG Between FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, REGION 5 and the U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, REGION V

This memorandum represents an agreement between the Regional Offices of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) concerning the review of projects for which Federal financial assistance is sought and that may affect a sole source aquifer (SSA) designated under Section 1424 (e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (P.L. 93-523). This memorandum serves two primary purposes: ( 1) to set forth the types of projects that will require review, and (2) to describe the notification and review procedures that will be employed.

Under section 1424(e), EPA has determined that the aquifer systems listed on Attachment 1 are the principal sources of drinking water for their residents. Notice of these determinations was published in 52 FR 32342, 8/27/87, 52 FR 37009, 10/2/87, 53 FR 15876, 5/4/88, 53 FR 23682, 6/23/88, and 53 FR 25670, 8/7/88. AGREEMENT

FHWA agrees not to comm~t Federal financial assistance to any project which EPA determines m~y contaminate a sole source aquifer through its recharge zone so as to create a significant hazard to public health. SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER DESI GNAT! ON

EPA will furnish the FHWA Regional Office with three copies of maps and descriptive text for all existing Section 1424(e) sole _source aquifers in Region v. This information, and additional coordination with EPA as necessary, will permit FHWA and the State Highway Agency to determine whether or not a proposed project is within a sole source aquifer designated area.

The EPA will furnish the FHWA Region V Office with three copies of similar material for future sole source aquifer areas within 30 days after they are designated.

GOALS AND DEFINITIONS The goal of this memorandum is to ensure that projects in the designated area that receive Federal financial assistance are designed in a manner that will prevent the introduction of contaminants into the aquifer in quantities that may create a significant hazard to public health including, but not limited to, those contaminants listed in A~tachment 2. 0

A significant hazard to public health could occur if the level of contaminants in_an aquifer were to:

(a) exceed any maximum contaminant level set forth in any promulgated National Primary Drinking Water Standard at any point where the water may be used for drinking purposes; or

(b) exceed public health advisory levels for currently unregulated contaminants; or

In determining whether a level of contaminant would threaten public health, the following factors at a minimum shall be considered:

(1) the toxicity of the contaminants involved; (2) the volume of contaminants which-may enter the aquifer; and (3) aquifer characteristics, i.e., geochemical, hydrological, geological, etc., and attenuation capability of the aquifer.

APPLICATION

The requirements of this agreement apply to any Federal aid highway project determined to be wholly or in part within a sole source aquifer designated area and to which one or more of the following criteria apply:

(1) Construction of additional through-traffic lanes or interchanges, on existing roadways.

(2) Construction of a two or more lane highway on new alignment.

(3) Construction of rest areas or scenic overlooks with on-site sewerage disposal facilities.

(4) Any project involving a new or existing well within a designated sole source aquif_er area.

( 5 ) Any other pro j e c t that F HWA , i n cons u 1 t a t ion wi t h EPA , believes may have a potential to affect the designated aquifer through its recharge zone so as to create a significant hazard to public health. Under this criterion, FHWA will be guided by material included as Attachment 3.

EXEMPT PROJECTS

EPA will not review projects classified as categorical exclusions under 23 CFR 771.117 unless specifically requested to do so. 3

REVIEW PROCEDURES

For any project in a SSA designated area requiring preparation of an E vi ronmenta 1 Assessment ( EA) or Env i r onmenta 1 Impact Statement (EIS) under NEPA, FHWA and EPA will coordinate at the earliest possible time so that information necessary to make a ground water impact assessment (GWIA) can be acquired, and so that- EPA 1 s 1424 (e) comments can be incorporated into the draft EIS. EPA agrees to provide FmHA a written determination for each proJect. subm1tted.. ·-- FHWA agrees to provide a location map of the project relative to the designated area, and information described in Attachment 3.

EPA may determine that: 1) the project does not require further review; 2) a GWIA is necessary to determine the potential of the project to adversely affect the Aquifer, or; 3) the project has a significant potential to contaminate the Aquifer and requires modification to eliminate that potential before Federal funds can be committed.

EPA agrees to provide a preliminary determination with respect to project eligibility not later than 10 working days after receipt of this information. If EPA determines that a GWIA is necessary, it will so notify FHWA in writing. After notification in writing that a GWIA is necessary, FHWA agrees to provide information responding to the items listed in Attachment 4.

EPA agrees to provide a determination to FHWA with respect to the eligibility of a project for which a GWIA has been submitted no later than 30 calendar days after receipt of such submission.

EPA's determination of the eligibility of a project may be revised under the following conditions:

(1) FHWA receives information (together with substantiating data) indicating adverse impacts from the project on a sole source aquifer. FHWA agrees to provide such information to EPA immediately. EPA agrees to provide a final determination to FHWA no later than 30 days after receipt of such additional information.

(2) EPA receives a citizen's petition, with information not previously considered that indicates a potential to impact ground water, prior to FHWA approval of a project. EPA agrees to immediately notify (by telephone, confirmed in writing) FHWA of such petition. EPA agrees to provide a final determination to FHWA no later than 30 days after receipt of the petition, or any additional information relevant thereto, whichever is later. 4

(3} FHWA submits information to EPA demonstrating the modification of a project which had earlier been determined to be ine.ligible. EPA agrees to provide a final determination to FHWA no later than 30 days after receipt of the information.

Any of the above deadlines may be extended by mutual agreement of EPA and FHWA in writing for reasons which include, but are not limited by, the following: (a} additional review time is necessary; (b) additional information necessary to make a determination is necessary; (c) the public interest in a project requires a public hearing; and (d) the public interest justifies a delay in the final determination.

GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES

Materials furnished to EPA BY FHWA under this Memorandum of Understanding shall be addressed to the attention of:

Environmental Review Branch, 5ME-14, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 230 South Dearborn, Chicago, Illinois 60604

The FHWA and EPA will each assign a representative to act as liaison. The liaison officers are:

FHWA Director, Office of Planning and Program Development Region 5 u.s. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 18209 Dixie Highway, Homewood, IL 6043~ (312} 799-6300 ext. 135 or FTS 370-9135

U.S. EPA Chief, Office of Ground Water, u.s. Environmental Region V Protection Agency, 230 South Dearborn, Chicago, IL 60604 (312) 886-2504 or FTS 886-2504

Representatives will meet as needed to update this memorandum. This memorandum is subject to revision upon agreement of both parties. Either party may terminate this agreement upon giving six months notice to the ·other.

Federal Highway Administration u.s. Environmental Protection Ag~ ~~--~ Reg1ona1 Administrator Reg1onal

Date: L\-'Z.l- 8'1 ATrACHMENl' 1 r.o:::ATICN Ml\PS OF RIDICN V SOLE SOORCE 1-\CUIFERS

! 5ee Appev1d I)( 71/ ~ ~.·s sop Section 1424(e) of the Safe Drinking Water Act,

(P.L. 93-523) s~ates:

"If the Administrator determines, on his own initiative or upon petition, that an area has an aquifer which is the sole or princi?al drinking water source for the area and which, if contaminated, would create a significant hazard to public health, he shall publish notice of that determination in the Federal Recrister. After the publication of any such notice, no commitment for Federal financial assis~ance (through a grant, contract, loan guarantee, or otherwise) may be entered into for any project which the Administrator determines may contaminate such aquifer through a recharge zone so as to create a significant hazard to public health, but a commitment for Federal financial assistance may, if authorized under another provision of law, be entered into to plan or design the project to assure that it will not so contaminate the aquifer." § 149.1 40 CFR Ch. I (7·1-87 Edition) Envlflnmentol Protedlon Agency I 149.101 minlstrator. Notice shall be sent to the Sec. All or part of a major recharge for the San Antonio area and which, if applicant, the person requesting the 149.102 ProJect review authority. area Uf a sole or principal source aqui contaminated, would create a signifi review, appropriate persons on the 149.103 Public lnfonnatlon. fer, designated pursuant to section cant hazard to'public health. 149.104 Submission of petitions. 1424 of the SDWA by June 19, 1988, Osage County malling list and to [42 FR 51574. Sept. 29, 1977. Redesignated newspapers of general circulation In 149.105 Decision to review. for which: 149.106 Notice of review. <1 > The sole source aquifer is par and amended at 52 FR 23986, June 26, 1987) the county. Included In the notice 149.107 Request for Information. ticularly vulnerable to contamination lll.t9.11H Definitions. shall be a briefing schedule for the 149.108 Public hearing. due to the hydrogeologic characteris appeal and a statement that any inter· 149.109 Decision under section 1424. tics of the unsaturated or saturated As used in this subpart and except as ested person may file an amicus;brief. 149.110 Resubmlttal of redesigned zone within the suggested critical aq otherwise specifically provided, the Notice of denial of the review petition projects. term~~: 149.111 Funding to redeslrned proJects. uifer protection area: will be sent only to the person ~~re· <2> The. sole source aquifer is the~~~~ "Act" means the Public Health questing the review. AUTHORITY: Sec. 1424(e), Safe Drinking source of drinking water for at least Service Act, as amended by the Safe <'l> A petition to the Administrator, Water Act <42 U.S.C. 300h-3: sec. 1427 of 75% of the persons in the aquifer serv Drinking Water Act, Pub. L. 93-523. under paragraphs (j) <1> and <2> of the Safe Drinking Water Act, <42 U.S.C. Ice area: and "Contaminant" means any physi this section Is a prerequisite to the 300h-6). <3> The cost of replacing the water cal, ·chemical, biological, or radiologi seeking of judicial review of the final supply from the sole source aquifer cal substance or matter In water. agency action. For purposes of judicial Subpart A-Criteria for Identifying would cause water supply costs to "Recharge zone" means the area review. final agency action occurs Critical Aquifer Protection Areas -exceed O.'l percent of mean annual through which water enters the Ed when a final UIC permit is Issued or household Income. wards Underground Reservoir as de denied by the Regional Administrator SoURcE: 52 FR 23986, June 2C, 1987, unless In addition, although not a minimum fined in the December 16, 1975, Notice and agency review procedures are ex otherwise noted. hausted. A final permit decision shall requirement, evidence that ground of Determination. be issued by the Regional Administra water in the suggested critical aquifer "Administrator" means the Administrator tor: The purpose of this subpart is to containing valuable ecological systems, of the <1> When the Administrator Issues provide criteria for identifying critical ecological areas protected by Federal United States Environmental Protec notice to the parties involved that aquifer protection areas, pursuant to tion Agency. review has been denied; or State laws, which are dependent on section 142'1 of the Safe Drinking ground water, or that there would be "Person" means an Individual,

When the Administrator Issues a Water Act . significant environmental or social corporation, company, association, decision on the merits of the appeal costs, or health risks, if the area were partnership, State, or municipality. and the decision does not include a II U9.2 Definitions. contaminated may be used as a factor remand of the proceedings; or Upon the completion of the ical aquifer protection area; or remand proceedings if the proceedings tion, group of formations, or part of a Federal financial assistance has been formation that Is capable of yielding a All or part of an area designated made. are remanded, unless the Administra as a sole or principal source aquifer, tor's remand order specifically pro significant amount of water to a well (g) "Federal financial assistance" or spring. pursuant to section 1424, by June means any financial benefits provided vides that the appeal of the remand 19, 1986, for which an areawide decision wlll be required to exhaust Aqu(fer Servtce Area means an area directly as aid to a project by a depart above the aquifer and including the ground-water quality protection plan ment, agency, or instrumentality of the administrative remedies. area where the entire population was approved, under section 208 of the the Federal government ·in any form <3> were ap. Recharge means a process, natural or guarantees. Actions or programs car proved by the Office of Management and artificial, by which water is added to Subpart B-Revlew of Proieds Af ried out by the Federal government Budget Under control number 2040-0042> the saturated zone of an aquifer. fecting the Edward• Underground itself such as dredging performed by Recharge Area means an area in Reaervolr, A Designated Sole the Army Corps of Engineers do not PART 149-SOLE SOURCE AQUIFERS which water reaches the zone of satu Source Aquifer In the Son Antonio, involve Federal financial assistance. ration by surface infil Texaa Area Actions performed for the Federal Subpart A-C,rltorla for ldentlfyln1 Critical tration: in addition, a "major recharge government by contractors, such as Aql.iiJor Protodlon Areas area" Is the area where the major part SouRcE: 42 FR 51574, Sept. 29, 1977, construction of roads on Federal lands Sec. ~ of the recharge to an aquifer occurs ·unless otherwise noted. Redesignated at 52 by a contractor under the supervision 149.1 Purpose. through infiltration of precipitation or FR 23986, June 26, 1987. of the Bureau of Land Management, 149.2 Dennnlons. surface water. should be distinguished from contracts 149.3 Critical: aquifer protection areas; Sole or Principal Source Aqu(fer li U9.100 Applicability. entered Into specifically for the pur means an aquifer which is desig This subpart sets forth, pursuant to pose of providing financial assistance, Subport 1-Review of Proleds AHedin1 the nated as an SSA under section 1424 sections 1424 and 1450 of the Public and will not be considered programs or Edwards Under1round Reservoir, A Desig oftheSDWA. . Health Service Act, as amended by the actions receiving Federal financial as nated Solo Saurco Aquifer In the San Anto Safe Drinking Water Act, Pub. L. 93- sistance. Federal financial assistance is nio, Texa1 Area II J.l9.3 Critical aquirer protection areas. 523, regulations relating the Edwards limited to benefits earmarked for a 149.100 Apptfi:ablllty. A critical aquifer protection area Underground Reservoir which is the specific program or action and directly 149.101 DerlnW-'ls. is either: _!iOle or principal drinking water source awarded to the program or_jlction. In- 750 751 ,, § 149.102 40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-87 Edition) Environmental Protedlon Agency § 149.107 direct assistance, e.g., In the fohn of a the proJect review process assigned to establishment of regulatlohs to pre· (f) In determining whether to review loan to a developer by a lending lnstl· the Administrator Under . section vent contamination of the aquifer and a proJect which Is the subject of a tution which In tum receives Federal 1424Ce> of the Act, except the final de• why, in the petitioner's judgment, the public petition, the Regional Adminls· assistance not specificallY related to termination that a proJect may con· action was Inadequate. trator may request such additional in the proJect In question is not Federal tamlnate the aquifer through Its re· Any actions taken under the Na formation from the petitioner as he financial assistance under section . charge zone so as to create a slgnlfl· tional Environmental Policy Act and deems necessary. cant hazard to public health. why, in the petitioner's judgment, 1424. that action was inadequate In regard [42 FR 51574. Sept. 29, 1917. Redesignated "Commitment of Federal flnan• The Regional Administrator may at 52 FR 23988. June 28. 19871 clal assistance" means a written agree review any proJect which he considers to evaluation of potential effect on the ment entered Into by a department, may potentially contaminate the aqui· aquifer. ll.f9.106 Notice of review. agency, or Instrumentality of the Fed· fer through its recharge zone so as to The potential contaminants In· eral Oovenunent to provide financial create a significant hazard to public volved; Notice to Federal agencJI. If the assistance as defined In parall'aPh (g) health. The means by which the con Regional Administrator decides upon of this section. Renewal of a commit· taminant might enter the aquifer; and receipt of a public petition or upon his ment which the Issuing .agency deter· [42 FR 51574, Sept. 29. 1917. Redeshrnated The potential impact of the pro own motion to review a proJect under mines has lapsed shall not constitute a at 52 FR 23988, June 28, 198'Jl posed project.. section 1424, he shall give written notification of the decision to the Fed new commitment unless the Regional 1149.103 Public information. [42 FR 51574, Sept. 29, 1911. Redeslrnated Administrator determines that the at 52 FR 23988, June 28, 1981) eral agency from which financial as proJect's Impact on the aquifer has not After the area is designated under sistance is sought. The notification been previously reviewed under sec· section 1424. Federal agencies, for 111-19.105 Decision to review. shall include a description and Identi tion 1424. The determination of a proJects, located In the recharge zone The Regional Administrator fication of the project. Federal agency that a certain written and streamflow source zones, are re shall review under section 1424 all Notice to public. When the Re agreement constitutes a commitment quired to: projects located in the recharge or gional Administrator undertakes to shall be conclusive with respect to the Maintain a list of projects for streamflow source zone of the aquifer review a project pursuant to § 149.13 existence of such a commitment. which environmental Impact state for which a draft or final EIS is sub above, he shall provide public notice of "Streamflow source zone" means ments will be prepared In accordance mitted which may have an Impact on proJect review by such means as he the upstream headwaters area which with the National Environmental ground water quality and which In deems appropriate. The notice shall drains Into the recharge zone as de· Polley Act ; '· volve Federal financial assistance as set forth the availability for public fined In the December 18, 1975, Notice Revise the list at regular inter defined in these regulations. review of all data and Information of Determination. vals and submit to EPA; and Upon receipt of a public petition, available, and shall solicit comments, "Signiftcant hazard to public Make the list available to the the Regional Administrator shall data and Information with respect to health" means any level of contaml· public upon request. decide whether the project which Is the determination of Impact under nant which causes or may cause the [42 FR 51574, Sept. 29, 1917. Redesl111ated the subject of the petition should be section 1424(e). The period for public aquifer to exceed any maximum con· at 52 FR 23988, June 28, 1987] reviewed· under section 1424. comment shall be 30 days after public tamlnant level set forth In any pro The Regional Administrator may notice unless the Regional Administra mulgated National Primary Drinking 1149.104 Submission or petitions. decide to review a project upon his tor extends the period at his discretion Water Standard at any point where Any person may submit a petition own motion. or a public hearing is held under the water may be used for drinking In determining whether to 1149.18. purposes or which may otherwise ad· requesting the Regional Administrator review a project upon receipt of a versely affect the health of persons, or to review a proJect to determine If public petition or upon his own [42 FR 51574, Sept. 29, 1917. Redesl111ated which may require a public water such project may contaminate the aq. motion, the Regional Administrator at.52 FR 23988, June 28, 1987] system to Install additional treatment ulfer through Its recharge zone so as shall consider whether the proJect is to prevent such adverse effect. to create a significant hazard to public likely to directly or indirectly cause 1149.107 Request for Information. "Aquifer'' means the Edwards health. Any such petition shallldentl· contamination of the aquifer through In reviewing a proJect under section Underground Reservoir. fy: its recharge zone, taking Into account 1424, the Regional Administrator The name, address, and tele may request any additional informa [42 FR 51514, Sept. 29, 1911. RedesiBD&ted phone number of the Individual, orga any factors he deems relevant, Includ and amended at 52 FR 23988, June 28, 19811 Ing: tion from the funding Federal agency nization, or other entity submitting <1 >The location of the project, and which is pertinent to reaching a deci 1149.102 Project review authority. the petition: <2> The nature of the project. sion. If full evaluation of the ground A brief statement of the request Once an area is designated, In determining whether to review water Impact of a proJect has not been Ing person's Interest in the Regional a project upon receipt of a public peti submitted In accordance with the Administrator's determination; tion or upon his own motion, the Re agency's NEPA procedures, the Re The name of the proJect and Fed- gional Administrator may consult gional Administrator may specifically C:lmlnlstrator de eral agency Involved; termines may contaminate the aquifer with, or request Information from, the request that the Federal agency so as to create a significant hazard to In addition, the petitioner Is requested Federal agency to which the project submit a groundwater Impact evalua public health. to submit to EPA available informa application has been made, the appli tion of whether the proposed proJect The Regional Administrator Is tion on: cant seeking Federal assistance, appro may contaminate the aquifer through hereby delegated the authority and as Applicable action already taken priate State and local agencies, and Its recharge zone so as to create a sig· signed responslbWty for carrying out by State and local agencies Including o~_her appropriate persons or entitles. nificant hazard to public health. '152 '153 • § 149.108 40 CFR Ch. I (7·1-87 Edition) Environmental Protedlon Agency § 149.111 [42 FR 51574. Sept. 29. 1977. Redeslsnaled recharge zone so as to create a slgnlfl· format public hearing to consider the [42 FR 51574. Sept. 29. 1977. Redesignated at 52 FR 23988, Junf 28. 1987) cant hazard to public health Is not suf· petition. After review of pertinent In· at 52 FR 23988, June 28. 19871 flclently great so as to prevent com· I U9.108 Publlr hearlnr. formation, the Regional Administrator mltment of Federal funding to the shall l!ither deny the petition or rec I 1-19.111 Funding to redeslped projert11. If there Is significant public Interest, project; or ommend to the Administrator that the After publication of a decision that a the Regional Administrator may hold <2> Forward the Information to the Initial determination that a project proposed proJect may contaminate a a public hearing with respect to any Administrator with his recommenda· may contaminate the aquifer be vacat· sole or principal source aquifer in a project or projects to be reviewed If he tion that the project may contaminate designated area through its recharge finds that such a hearing Is necessary ed. Upon receipt of a recommendation the aquifer through the recharge zone from the Regional Administrator that zone so as to create a significant and would be helpful In clarifying the so as to create a significant hazard to hazard to public health, a commlt Issues. Public hearings held under this a determination be vacated, the Ad· public health. ministrator shall either deny the peti· tnent for Federal financial assistance section should be coordinated, If possl· After receiving the available In· may be entered Into, if authorized ble, with other Federal public hearings formation forwarded by the Regional tion or order that the Initial determi under another provision of law, to held pursuant to applicable laws and Administrator, the Administrator nation be vacated. The final decision plan or redesign such project to assure regulations. Any such hearing shall be shall: regarding a petition shall be published that it will not so contaminate the aq. conducted by the · Regional Adrriinis· <1 > Determine that the risk of con in the FEDERAL REGISTER With an ac• uifer; trator or designee in an informal, or· tamination of the aquifer through the companying statement of reasons. derly and expeditious manner. Where [42 FR 51574, Sept. 29. 1977. Redesignated recharge zone so as to create a slgnlfl· at 52 FR 23986, June 26. 19871 appropriate, limits may be placed cant hazard to public health Is not suf· upon the time allowed for oral state· flciently great so as to prevent com· ments, and statements may be re· mitment of Federal funding to the qulred to be submitted in writing. The project; or record will be held open for further (2) Determine that the project may public comment for seven <7> days fol· contaminate the aquifer through the lowing the close of the public hearing. recharge zone so as to create a slgnlfl· [42 FR 51574. Sept. 29, 1977. Redesl111ated cant hazard to public health. at 52 FR 23988, June 28, 19871 Notice of any decisions by the Regional Administrator under para· I 1-19.109 Derision under sertlon I.J2.J(e). graph (b)(l) of this section or by the As soon as practicable after the Administrator under paragraphs U> submission of public comments under and <2> of this section to prevent a section 1424 and Information re· commitment of Federal funding shall quested by the Environmental Protec· be published In the FEDERAL REGISTER. tlon Agency from the originating Fed· Such notices shall include a descrip eral agency, on the basis of such infor· tion of the propsed project, and a matlon as Is available to him, the Re· statement of decision with an accom· glonal Administrator shall review the panylng statement of facts and rea· pro~t taking all relevant factors into sons. account Including; <1 > The extent of possible public l42 FR 51574. Sept. 29, 1977. Redesl111ated health hazard presented by the at 52 FR 23988, June 28, 19871 proJect: <2> Planning, design, construction, 1149.110 Reaubmlttal of redesigned operation, maintenance and monitor projertl. ing measures Included in the project If a proJect Is redesigned In response which would prevent or mitigate the to EPA's objections, the applicant for possible health hazard; Federal financial assistance or the <3> The extent and effectiveness of grantor agency may file a petition State or local control over possible with the Regional Administrator for contaminant releases to the aquifer; withdrawal of the determination that <4> The cumulative and secondary the project may contaminate the aqui impacts of the proposed project: and fer through the recharge zone so as to <5> The expected environmental ben· create a significant hazard to public eflts of the proposed project. health. Any such petition shall dem After reviewing the available In· onstrate how the project has been re formation, the Regional Administrator designed so as to justify the withdraw shall: al of EPA's objections. If appropriate, <1 > Determine that the risk of con the Regional Administrator may re tamination of the aquifer through the quest public comments or hold an In· 754 755 MTAOIMENI' 2 usr OF 126 c:LE7\N WA'IER 1er
PRIORITY POLLl.JIN\lrS EPA PRIORITY POLLUTANTS COMPOUND NAME *Dichlorobenzenes 1. acenapthene 2. acrolein 24. 1,2-dichlorobenzene 3. acrylonitrile 25. 1,3-dichlorobenzene 4. benzene · 26. 1,4-dichlorobenzene 5. benzidine 27. 3,3-dichlorobenzidine 6. carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane) *Dichloroethylenes (1,1- dichloroethylene and 1,2- *Chlorinated benzenes (other dichloroethylene than dichlorobenzenes) 28. 1.1-dichloroethylene 7. chlorobenzene 29. 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene 8. 1,2,4, trichlorobenzene 3~. 2.4-dichlorophenol 9. hexachlorobenzene *Dichloropropane and *Chlorinated ethanes dichloropropene (including 1,2 dichloroethane, & 31. 1,2-dichloropropane hexachloroethane) 32. 1,2-dichloropropylene (1,3-. dichloropropene) 1~. 1.2-dichloroethane 33. 2,4-dimethylphenol 11. 1.1.1- tricholoroethane 12. hexachloroethane *Dinitrotoluene 13. 1.1-dichloroethane 14. 1.1.2- trichloroethane 34. 2,4-dinitrotoluene 15. 1.1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 35. 2,6-dinitrotoluene 16. chloroethane 36. 1,2-diphenythydrazine 37. ethylbenzene *Chloroalkyl ethers 38. fluoranthene (chloromethyl, chloroethyl and mixed ethers) *Haloethers (others than those listed elsewhere) 17. bis(2-chloroethyl) ether 18. 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether 39. 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether (mixed) 4~. 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether 19. 2-chloronaphthalene 41. bis(2-chloropropyl) ether 42. bis(2-chloroethoxyl) *Chlorinated phenols (other methane than those listed elsewhere, includes trichlorophenols and *Halomethanes (other than those chlorinated cresols) listed elsewhere)
2~. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 43. methylene chloride 21. parachlorometa cresol (dichloromethane) 22. chloroform 44. methyl chloride (trichloromethane) (chloromethane) 23. 2-chlorophenol 45. methyl bromide (b~omomethane) 46. bromoform (tribromo 77. fluorene methane) 78. phenanthrene 47. dichlorobromomethane 48. chlorodibrqmomethane 79. dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene) 49. hexachlorobutadiene 80. indeno (1,2,3-cd)pyrene 50. hexachlorocyclopentadiene (2,3-o~phenylenepyrene) 51. isophorone 81. pyrene 52. npphthalene 82. tetrachloroethylene 53. nitrobenzene 83. toluene 84. trichloroethylene *Niirophenols (including 2,4- 85. vinyl chloride dinitrophenol and (chloroethylene) dinitrocresol) *Pesticides and metabolites 54. 2-nitrophenol 55. 4-nitrophenol 86. aldrin 56. 2,4-dinitrophenol 87. dieldrin 57. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 88. chlordane (technical mixture & metabolites) *Nitrosamines *DDT and metabolites 58. N-nitrosodimethylamine 59. N-nitrosodiphenylamine 89. 4,4'-DDT 60. N-nitrosodi-n~propylamine 90. 4,4'-DDE (pp'-DDX) 91. 4,4'-DDD (pp'-TDE) 61. pentachlorophenol 62. phenol *Endosulfan and metabolites *Phthalate esters 92. a-endosulfan-Alpha 93. b-endosulfan-Beta 63. bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 94. endosulfan sulfate 64. butyl benzyl phthalate 65. di-n-butyl phthalate *Endrin and metabolites 66. di-n-octyl phthalate 67. diethyl phthalate 95. endrin 68. dimethyl phthalate 96. endrin aldehyde *Polynuclear aromatic *Heptachlor and metabolites hydrocarbons 97. heptachlor 69. benzo(a)anthracene (1,2- 98. heptachlor epoxide benzanthracene) 70. benzo(a)pyrene (3,4- *Hexachlorocyclohexane (all benzopyrene) isomers) 71. 3,4-benzofluoranthene 72. benzo(k)fluoranthane 99. a-BHC-Alpha (11,12-benzofluoranthene) 100. b-BHC-Beta 73. chrysene 101. r-BHC (lindane)-Gamma 74. acenaphthylene 102. g-BHC-Delta 75. anthracene 76. benzo(ghi)perylene (1,12-benzoperylene) 3 99. a-BHC-Alpha 100. b-BHC-Beta 101. r-BHC (lindane)-Gamma 102. g-BHC-Del t.a
*Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB'S)
103. PCB-1242 (Arochlor 1242) 104. PCB-1254 (Arochlor 1254) 105. PCB-1221 (Arochlor 1221) 106. PCB-1232 (Arochlor 1232) 107. PCB-1248 (Arochlor 1248) 108. PCB-1016 (Arochlor 1016) 109. PCB-1260 (Arochlor 1260) 110. toxaphene 111. antimony (total) 112. arsenic (total) 113. asbestos (total) 114. beryllium (total) 115. cadmium (total) 116. chromium (total) ·111. copper (total) 118. cyanide (total) 119. lead (total) 120. mercury (total) 121. nickel (total) 122. selenium (total) 123. silver (total) 124. thallium (total) 125. zinc (total)
126. 2,3,7,8 tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
In addition to the contaminants listed above, EPA will review projects that may introduce excessive amounts of the following contaminants into a sole source aquifer:
Chlorides (road salting, salt storage, etc.) Bacteria (septic drainfields, land application, etc.) Nitrates (feedlots, fertilizer storage and application, etc.) Pesticides normally used for landscape maintenance. Table 1. Sources of pollutant constituents (Kobringer, 1984). Constituent Primary Sources Particulates P!ivement wear, vehicles, atmosphere, maintenance, snow/ice abrasives, sediment· distUrbance. _Nitrogen, Phosphorous Atmosphere, roadside fertilizer use, sediments. Lead Leaded gasoline, tire wear, lubricating oil an,d grease, bearing wear, atmospheric fallout. · Zinc Tire wear, motor oil, grease. Iron Auto body rust, steel highway structures, engine parts. Copper !'detalpJating, bearing wear, engine parts, brake lining wear, fungicides and msectic1des use. _ Cadmium Tire wear, insecticide application. Chromium Metal plating, engine parts, brake lining wear.
Nickel Die~l fuel and gasoline, lubricating oil, metal plating; brake lining wear, asphalt pavmg . Manganese . Engine parts. Bromide Exhaust. Cyanide AntiC?ake compound used to keep deicing salt granular. Sodium; Calcium Deicing salts, grease .. Chloride Deicing salts. Sulphate Roadway beds, fuel, deicing salts. Petroleum Spills, leaks blow..cby motor lubricants, antifreeze, hydraulic fluids, asphalt .( sUrface leacnate.1
PCBs, pesticides Sp~in_g ~fhighway right of ways, atmospheric deposition, PCB catalyst in syntliet1c trres, Pathogenic bacteria Soil litter, bird droppings, trucks hauling livestock/stockyard waste, Rubber Tire wear. Asbestos* Clutch-and brake linin wear. *No mineral asbestos has been identified in runoff, however some break-down products of asbestos have been measured. · ·
From Evaluation and -Management of Highway Runoff Water Quality, by G. Kenneth Young, Stuart Stein, Pamela·Cole, Traci Kammer, Frank Bank (Publication No. FHWA-PD- 96-032, June 1996).
_, ATTACHMENT 3 SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER PROGRAM Information Needed for a Preliminary Screening To per form a preliminary screening for the potential impacts a . project may have on ground water, the following information should be included in a detailed project summary.
1. Project description - A summary of the project; its scope, p u r p o s e , cons t r u c t i on de t a i 1 s { i f a v a i 1 a b 1 e } and Feder a 1 funding source with identifying project number. 2. Project location - A map and narrative explaining the location of the project relative to the designated area boundaries, with a brief description of the hydrogeology at the site. 3. Contaminants - A discussion of the potential contaminants that may be used, transported, stored, etc., which could be introduced into the aquifer during construction and/or operation and maintenance. If quantitative data are available, please include them.
4. Secondary impacts ~ A discussion of potential contamination resulting from secondary impacts {e.g., increased industrial, commercial, or residential activities} devolving from the project. 5. Any other available information pertinent to a determination of the potential impacts the project may have on ground - :water. · ATTACHMENT 4
Detailed Guidelines for a 1424(e) Ground Water Impact Assessment
Ground water impact assessments (GWIA) are not required under Section 1424(e), but are an integral part of the responsibilities imposed on federal agencies under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). EPA intends to review an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) with a GWIA, or a separate GWIA, for every potentially significant project.
I. Description of the proposed project
Show the location (map), delineation of project site, type of construction, materials used in construction, influent to and effluent from product storage areas, earth moving (including removal of soils, emplacement of fill and rearrangement of surface drainage), operation and maintenance procedures. Also appropriate detailed plans and specifications. (If design and construction details, as requested herein, are not available during environmental studies, FHWA agrees to provide EPA with a copy of the contract plans and specifications when they are available). II. Delineation of geographic sphere of influence
Delineate the geographic sphere of influence of the proposed project arid the reasons for .the selection of those boundaries. Use USGS topographic or similar map(s) of appropriate scale; overlay associated land use, population d~nsity, public water and sewer service areas, wells, discharge basins; table of population and projected population.
I I I • Data on ground water .characteristics in the sphere of influence
a) Map the elevation of water the table, specify date. The map should be at a reasonable scale and show the location of observation wells for construction of the map. A table of well depths should accompany the map.
b) Describe the surficial and bedrock geology of the area.
c) Estimate the hydraulic conductivity or permeability, thickness, and other hydrogeologic characteristics for each drinking water aquifer and confining bed.
d) Show source of water in each aquifer, the location of all recharge to the aquifers underlying the project site with the estimated annual recharge. For example, precipitation on outcrop areas, flow from other aquifer(s), or artificial recharge. 2
e) Show interconnection of ground and surface waters. For example, rivers, streams and lakes either discharge to, or are augm~nted by, ground water surrounding them.
f) Descr.ibe the ground water flow system(s), showing direction of the natural gradient and influence on the system(s) of any major pumping wells.
g) Sample ground water using one of the following options, as appropriate:
1} Test for contaminants listed in the National Primary Drinking Water Regulation, and as appropriate, other contaminants which may have an adverse health or esthetics effect (to be determined on a case by case basis by local health/environmental agency and EPA). Sampling and analytical techniques are referenced in the "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations", 40 CFR Part 141, Subpart C.
2} Test for all of the above plus ammonia, chloride, carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfate, magnesium, sodium, calcium, potassium, total trihalomethanes, purgeable organic scan (including benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, 1,2, dichloroethane, 1,1,1 trichloroethane, 1,1, dichloroethane, 1,1,2 trichloromethane, 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane, chloromethane, bis (chloromethyl) ether 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, chloroform, 1,1 dichloroethylene 1,2 trans-dichloroethylene, 1,2 dichloropropylene, ethylbenzene, methylene chlorider methyl chloride, 1,2 d i c h 1 o r o p r o p a n e .. , ",.IQ e t h y 1 b r o m i d e , b r om o f o r m , dichlorobromomethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichloro difluoromethane, chlorodibromomethane, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride) •. Sampling and analytical techniques are referenced in 40 CFR Part 141, Subpart c. 3} Test for all of the above plus all other priority pollutants. IV. Descriptions of project impacts to the ground water
a} Discuss all impacts due to direct (construction) or indirect (induced) changes in groundwater chemistry including but not limited to salt-water intrusion, road salt, septic tank effluent, recharge basin effluent,· fertilizers, leakage from effluent and product storage areas, leachates, and the handling and disposal of all residuals.
b) Discuss all impacts due to direct or indirect changes in groundwater biology including but not limited to leachates 3 from septic tanks and all possible sources of pathological bacteria, viruses and protozoa.
c) Discuss .all impacts due to direct or indirect changes in ground water storage including all changes in water levels resulting from an increase or decrease in recharge or storage.
d) Discuss all impacts due to direct or indirect changes in ground water flow including but not limited to flow from one aquifer to another, flow from river to aquifer or from aquifer to river, change in ground water gradient, breaks in confining beds during construction, "piping' of flows due to trenching. v. Description of Mitigative Measures If an impact is identified as serious, describe measures which will be taken to mitigate impact, including any project changes, site or design alternatives. APPENDIXV
WELL LOGS AND DRILLING REPORTS WELL LOGS AND DRILLING REPORTS
Well logs and drilling reports may be useful as a reference in ODOT projects. When a well is constructed, a well log and drilling report is required to be submitted to ODNR Division ofWater. These legal documents contain detailed information on construction of the well, groundwater levels, and the underlying geology of the area. This information is available on ODNR's web site at: http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/water/maptechs/wellogs/app/default.asp ODNR will also perform custom searches for well logs and drilling reports.
Attached is a sample report, an ODNR fact sheet "How to Read Well Log and Drilling Reports", instructions for custom search requests.
Since ODOT submits many well logs and drilling reports from geotechnical work, OES and the Office of Geotechnical Engineering (Kirk Beach) provided funding to ODNR to help create a electronic submission mechanism for these items. Water Well Log and Drilling Report Page 1 of 1
Water Well Log and Drilling Report Ohio Department ofNatural Resources Division of Water Phone:614-265-6740 email: [email protected] Water Home: http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/water
WELL LOG AND DRILLING REPORT Well Log Number: 690884 ORIGINAL OWNER AND LOCATION Original Owner Name: CHEESE HAVEN Lot Number: County: OTTAWA Township: PORTAGE Section Number: Address: ST RT 163/53 City: State: OH Zip Code: Location Number: Location Map Year: Location Area:
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS Borehole Diameter: Total Depth: 70ft. Depth to Bedrock: Casing Diameter: 5. 63 in. Casing Thickness: Casing Length: 54 ft. Well Use: PUBLIC/SEMI-PUB Screen Length: Date of Completion: 02/13/1989 Aquifer Type: LIMESTONE Driller's Name: TIBBOLES WELL DRILLING, INC
WELL TEST DETAILS Static Water Level: 8ft. Test Rate: 80 gpm Associated Reports Drawdown: 40ft. Test Duration: 1.5 hrs. NONE
COMMENTS:
WELL LOG Eormations Enun Th YEL CLAY 0 - 10 BLU CLAY 10 - 50 LIMESTONE 50 - 70
http://www .dnr.state.oh. us/water/maptechs/wellogs/app/well_log_report.asp?cnty=OTTA W 1.. &; 10/28/02 How To Read Well Log and Drilling Reports
our Well Log and Drilling Report is an impor Screen: The screen category provides details on the tant legal document filled with useful informa type, length, diameter, placement and slot size of the Y tion about your water supply. The red number screen, if used. A true well screen is wire mesh with in the upper right hand corner ofthe well log (this number openings (slots) of a pre-determined size. For example, is black on older well log forms) is a reference number a .050 slot screen is a screen with openings fifty thou that is unique to your log. As a result, the information on sandths of an inch in size. The slot size of the screen is selected based on the grain size of the aquifer materials. the log applies only to your well. Although the well log The purpose of a screen is to allow water to flow into a form has evolved over the years to include more detail, well developed in unconsolidated materials, such as sand it is typically divided into 5 sections. Each section and gravel, while preventing these materials from filling contains detailed information about your well that can the bottom of the well, or from entering the pump. In help you understand how your well was constructed and, many cases, drilling contractors cut slots in the bottom 2 consequently, the best way for it to be maintained or to 4 feet of casing to serve as a screen. However, this is serviced. not as effective as a properly sized and installed mesh screen, and is not recommended. Owner/Location The owner/location section contains information on Gravel Pack: Gravel packing a well involves plac the original owner or builder of the home for which the ing gravel of a particular size around the outside of the well was drilled. The street address, a written description screen to filter out the fmer particles of sand, silt and clay ofthe location ofthe property and a sketch map also help that could harm your pump and eventually impede the to verify the well as yours. This information is used to flow of water into the well. This section provides help locate the well on a topographic map. Well logs are information on the gravel pack type, volume used (usu filed primarily by county, township, and location. ally in pounds or gallons), method of installation and depth of placement. The installation of a screen and Construction Details gravel pack should go hand-in-hand in rotary-drilled This section describes the materials used in the con wells. 'struction and development of your well. This informa tion is essential should you ever have problems with your Grout: Grout is the material used to seal the annular well and need to have it serviced. space. Grout can consist of a bentonite product mixed ·with water (bentonite is a clay that swells when it comes Casing: The information contained in the casing in contact with water), neat cement or a mixture of category includes the length and diameter of the casing, bentonite and neat cement. Ideally, this material is pumped the thickness of the casing wall, and the diameter of the into the annular space through a 1 to 1 l/2 inch diameter borehole, which is not necessarily the same as the diam pipe called a tremie tube. The grout is placed in the well eter ofthe casing. In rotary-drilled wells, the borehole is from the bottom up to ensure that no bridging occurs. generally about two to three inches larger than the Grouting is important because it prevents contamination diameter of the casing to be installed. This allows the of the aquifer by surface water travelling through the contractor sufficient annular space (the space between annular space, and it also holds the casing in place. the borehole wall and the outside of the casing) to grout the well properly. There is also information on the type This section also describes the use of the well, i.e. of casing used: steel, galvanized steel or PVC (plastic). whether it was drilled for domestic, irrigation, public Each length ofcasing (most casing is installed in 10 or 20 supply, industrial, monitoring, test or municipal use; the foot sections) is joined together in a particular manner, method used to drill the well (rotary and cable tool are the either threaded or welded, as with steel or galvanized most commonly employed methods), and the type of pitless device installed. steel, or glued (solvent), as with plastic. Continued qn hack! ) Well Test subtracting the drawdown at a given test rate from the Several important items are described in this section: static water level.
• production rate - measured in gallons per minute Well Log This section describes the earth materials encountered • static water level- distance from ground level or the by the drilling contractor when your well was drilled. top of the casing to the top of the water after the Ground water in Ohio can be found in unconsolidated well has been completed geologic formations such as sand and gravel, or in • drawdown - the difference between the static water bedrock (consolidated) formations such as sandstone level and the water level during pumping and limestone. Aquifers are geologic formations that are capable of storing and tranmitting ground water. The After the well is completed, the drilling contractor will geologic log will also indicate the total depth of the well, test the production ability ofthe well by bailing, pumping the thickness ofeach formation and the depth( s) at which or blowing (air lift) the water out of the well for a specific water was encountered. The geologic formation descrip amount of time, usually anywhere from 15 minutes to tions and well construction information can be used to several hours. This test rate, when combined with the identify the aquifer being used for water suppply and to static level and drawdown information, can give an evaluate the source of well problems . indication For further assistance in interpreting the information ofthe long-term yield available from the well. Water presented on your well log and drilling report, feel free to requirements for most homes fall in the 6 to 12 gallons contact: per minute range. Wells producing less than 6 gallons per minute may require the use of larger storage tanks and lower capacity pumps. Ohio Department ofNatural Resources ) Pump: The pump section furnishes information on Division of Water the type of pump installed, either a submersible or jet Water Resources Section pump in domestic wells, the capacity of the pump in 1939 Fountain Square gallons per minute, the depth at which the pump is set and Columbus, OH 43224-1336 the company that installed the pump. The pump setting Voice: (614) 265-6740 Fax: (614) 265-6767 is determined by the static water level and drawdown E-mail: [email protected] data gathered during the well test. The pump must be set Web site: http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/water below the pumping water level, which is calculated by
FeetO'
Basic Well Construction 2o·--¥22D~~~~~
30'
40'
50'
Bob Taft Governor • Samuel W. Speck Director • James R. Morris, P.E. Chief I 12/22/92 How to Request a Custom Off-line Search for Well Logs and Sealing Reports Page 1 of3
Enter Search Term: a ShrCh I
OONR HOME : DIVlSlONS: CONTACT ODNR : STATE OF OHIO
I
Search On-~ How to Request a Custom for Off-line Search for Water Well Logs Well Logs and Sealing Reports
BEFORE YOU CALL, FAX, E-MAIL OR \VRITE; Back To Mapping and Please gather as much of the below information as Technical possible about the well or wells you are interested in. Servjces Main Page 11. County the well is located in. 12. TownshiQ the well is located in Back to Division 13. Street address where well is located :rograms 14. Nearest intersection to the well 5. Original property owners name and/or Name of owner at time well was drilled 16. Approximate year the well was drilled I 7. Name of the drilling contractor for the well Attention consulting firms: If requesting area searches click here for special instructions.
Other information that may help us locate your well log(s).
Names of the previous owners of the property Other names that might occur on the well log Subdivision name and lot number
Once the above data has been collected please submit your request by any method below. Be sure to specify which type(s) of records (well log or sealing report) you are interested in for the locations given.
http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/water/maptechs/wellogs/default.htm 1/21/03 How to Request a Custom Off-line Search for Well Logs and Sealing Reports Page 2 of3
By phone: (614) 265-6740
By Fax: (614) 265-6767
By E-Mail: cleve_.bn)\YD@dnr,state.Qh.us
Ohio Department ofNatural Resources . Division ofWater B 1 ymal: W ater R esources S ect10n . 1939 Fountain Square Drive Columbus, Ohio 43224-1385
If a log is not within our files at the Division of Water it may be present at your local County Health Department office.
Information necessary for consulting firms to obtain well log information for an area.
NOTE: Well log requests from Environmental Consulting Firms are accepted by mail or fax only.
Information necessary for consulting firm area well log searches:
1. County and township containing the site (ex. Franklin County, Marion Township) 2. A portion of a 7.5 minute topographic map with the site clearly labeled 3. Radius of area search (up to one mile) 4. Return Address and Phone Number
Only water well logs that have been field located on our topographic maps and fall within your search area will be sent. The matching records will be sent to the return address you provided. There may be more well logs on file for your search area that have not been located on our maps. Searches of unlocated well logs, or search radii greater than one mile, must be done on-site by the requestor. Our office hours are 7:30A.M. until5:00 P.M. Monday-Friday.
All requests are completed in the order they are received. After the search is completed, you will be notified of the copying charges which must be prepaid before your order will be mailed. We accept the following payment methods: Visa, Mastercard or check.
http://www .dnr .state.oh. us/water/maptechs/wellogs/default.htm 1/21/03 How to Request a Custom Off-line Search for Well Logs and Sealing Reports Page 3 of3
Fax: (614) 265-6767
Ohio Department ofNatural Resources . Division ofWater B 1 ymai: W ater R esources S ectwn. 1939 Fountain Square Drive Columbus, Ohio 43224-1385
[ Home ][ ,t\bonttheJ2ivi::;ion ][ Pmgrams & Services ][ Jnde.K ] [ Publicatiom: ][ ContactlJs ]
http://www .dnr .state.oh. us/water/maptechs/wellogs/default.htm 1/21/03 APPENDIX VI
OHIO EPA's PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION AREAS State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program May 1999
l Resource Characterization ==-======- ~ ~ ~ STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 ~STEP4 STEPS
Development of DRASTIC Hydrogeologic information SWAP area delineation. Verification ofi~tif":aed Susceptibility Analysis Implementation of Maps I Partial DRASTIC for all of Ohio's aquifers Delineation and digital map sources and additional done, by at protective actions inventory of potential looking Maps for Ohio's aquifers pulled together and entered completed by Ohio EPA. sensitivity information in into a database significant contaminant sources in SWAP area by Resource CharacterizatitlJI, + D" . ali00 of visual survey, site visits. ctc. and tbe information on 1 OEPA OEPA + [w~on -l potential significant PWS and local assistance Initial inventory contaminant sources. completed by Ohio Product Internet, direct mailings, etc. OEPA
lntermr.djatc; Product• Electrooically printed maps of I SWAP areas and sources.
AwlWu:J:;.., Public water suppliers, SWAP area stakeholders. Method of Delivecy· Mail, followed by visit from Ohio EPA staff; Rural Water Association staff, rcgionaJ planning agency staff, or other.
Figure 2-8. Source Water Assessment and Protection Process for Ground Water Systems
2-35 State of Ohio Source Water Assessment and Protection Program February 1999
I Resource Characterization & ~ I Delioeatiop - ~ ~ STEPl STEP2 STEP3 STEP4 STEPS I SWAP arelulelineat~l Verify downstream Emergency maoagement Inventory of sub boundary of SWAP area zone inventory I Su:;,ility an~y:- I watersheds
OEPA OEPA OEPA OEf'A PWS/ COMMUNITY + + + STAKEHOLDERS + Standard corridor Emergency management Corridor maoagcmcnt management zone zone delineation zone inventory delineation Site visit inventories on as needed basis OEPA OEPA & Public Water Supplier OEPA & SOURCE WATERSHED + STAKEHOLDERS PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIERS/ Resource characterization ~~=rnERs+ Intermediate Product; GIS Formal Product; Final SWAP. GIS printed map of printed map of SWAP area. and initill potentill SWAP area including emergency and corridor Implementation of OEPA makes site visit to public contaminant source inventory management zone inventory and susceptibility protective actions water suppliers to establish analysis. emergency management zone. OEPA PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIERS/ + Audience• USEPA, public water suppliers, source Alldilml:l:;. OEPA and public watershed stakeholders, sources, etc. ~~~ERS+ water suppliers Dissemination of Method of Delivery· Public notice, press release, and Method of De!ivecy; In person Information Internet~ announcements in water bills, and some on site postings. PUBLCI WATER SUPPLIERS/ COMMUNITY ... STAKEHOLDERS ..;1 lmdru:t:. Clean drinking water. ~ Intennediatc Pro!luct; GIS printed maps of SWAP areas. ~ May aiSD include mapS Df different scales. At least two =Q maps will be provided, one 00. with the first cut resource eharacterizatiDn and oouree ~ inventory of the SWAP; one ~ with the SWAP area, Q emergency and corridor .... lilllilllgelllent ZDne delineations. 0-= ~public water suppliers, oouree watershed stakeholders, etc.
Method of Delivery: Direct mailing and distributioo through public water supplier Figure 3-6. Source Water Assessment and Protection Process for Surface Water Systems
3-29 APPENDIX VII
ODOT GUIDANCE IOCs ON DRINKING WATER RESOURCES Robert To CEN.EnvironmentaiDEC Lang/Environmentai/CEN/OD OT cc Tim Hiii/Environmentai/CEN/ODOT@ODOT, Mike Pettegrew/Environmentai/CEN/ODOT@ODOT, Bill 01/30/2004 11 :57 AM Cody/Environmentai/CEN/ODOT@ODOT, Juliet bee Subject drinking water guidance
Ladies and Gentleman,
At the last DEC meeting, I presented to you some updated procedures (dated 10/23/03) on project planning involving public water systems and source water protection areas. You were expected to begin using these procedures on February 1st. However, as I indicated at the meeting, the February 1st start date was dependent on receiving the necessary mapping from Ohio EPA. I have been in contact with OEPA, but we have not received any mapping yet. OEPA is still compiling SWAP area info from their districts.
For now, you are not expected to use the updated procedures mentioned above. I will let you know when you should begin to use them. Sorry for any inconvenience. Thank you for your cooperation.
Rob
Rob Lang, Environmental Specialist ODOT- Office of Environmental Services 1980 West Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio 43223 phone: 614-387-3058 fax: 614-728-7368 OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION .. INTER-OFFICE COMMUNICATION OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES •OF
TO: All District Environmental Coordinators
DATE: October 23, 2003
FROM:
SUBJECT:
Previous guidance regarding the consideration of public drinking water supplies in project planning was presented to District staff in IOCs dated March 8, 1996 and March 13, 1998. The guidance in these IOCs does not reflect recent efforts by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to protect drinking water supplies with ground water and surface water sources from contamination. Below is an update of Ohio EPA's program and procedures for the Department to use in project planning to avoid or minimize impacts to public water systems.
In response to requests by Ohio EPA, obligations from the National Environmental Policy Act, and risk management efforts by the Department, procedures were created in the late 1990s to consider impacts to drinking water supplies. These procedures focused on projects located in wellhead protection areas established by Ohio EPA. The boundary of a wellhead protection area is delineated by a water supply's five-year time of travel area.
Ohio EPA's Wellhead Protection Program has evolved and expanded into the Source Water Assessment and Protection (SWAP) Program. The SWAP Program requires an assessment for all of Ohio's public water systems, including small transient systems and those using a surface water source. Each of these public water systems will have a delineated source water protection area (SWAP area). Areas previously delineated as wellhead protection areas are essentially SWAP areas; the delineation requirements are the same.
To fully consider impacts to drinking water supplies in light of the SWAP program, the following procedure shall be implemented. Attached to this letter is a summary table of the procedure below, an example of the plan note referenced in the procedure, definitions of SWAP area terms, and a figure that shows an example of a SWAP area of a public water system with a surface water source.
Page I of2 _}
General Procedure for Projects within a Source Water Protection (SWAP) Area:
1) Using mapping from Ohio EPA (hard copy or GeoMedia), determine if a SWAP area is located within the work limits of a project. a) If a SWAP area is present, proceed to step 2. b) If a SWAP area is not present, note your finding in the environmental document. 2) Proceed to step 3 if the SWAP area is related to a community water system or to step 4 if a non community water system is involved. 3) Community water systems: a) For those systems with a ground water source or surface water source within an emergency management zone (EMZ), proceed with coordination with the community water system and include the attached plan note in the plans. Any special requirements resulting from coordination and a statement noting the use of this plan note should be included in the environmental document as an environmental commitment. The community water system may request design changes or other significant modifications to the project. Such requests should be considered on a case by case basis. b) For those systems with a surface water source within an corridor management zone (CMZ), the attached plan note should be added to the plans and a statement noting the use of this plan note should be included in the environmental document as an environmental commitment. 4) Non-community water systems: a) For those non-community water systems with a ground water source or surface water source within an EMZ that have a particular significance to the project and/or the local community, proceed with coordination with the non-community water system and include the attached plan note in the plans. Any special requirements resulting from coordination and a statement noting the use of this plan note should be included to the environmental document as an environmental commitment. The non-community water system may request design changes or other significant modifications to the project. Such requests should be considered on a case by case basis. b) For all other non-community water systems, the attached plan note should be added to the plans and a statement noting the use of this plan note should be included in the environmental document as an environmental commitment.
District staff are expected to use the above procedure in project planning starting February 1, 2004. This procedure does not apply to exempt projects unless the project has the potential to contaminate a public water supply. The above guidance is limited to public water systems and source water protection areas. Project planning involving sole source aquifers or residential drinking water wells are separate issues with different procedures and regulatory requirements. If you have any questions involving drinking water resources, please contact Rob Lang at 614-387-3058.
TMH:rcl c. Bill Cody-OES, Andrea Stevenson-OES, Julie Denniss-OES, reading file
Page 2 of2 ATTACHMENTS
GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR PROJECTS WITHIN A SOURCE WATER PROTECTION (SWAP) AREA:
~l;)'??- -oSource Water Protection (SWAP) Area-o Type of Public Community Water System Non-community Water System Water System: -o -o -o -o -o -o
Source Water: Ground Surface Surface Ground Surface Surface Water Water Water Water Water Water
Within EMZ SWAP SWAP CMZ- EMZ CMZ Boundary of: area area
Coordination?: Yes Yes No No* No* No
Plan Note and Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Environmental Commitment?:
*Coordinate with non-community systems with particular significance to the project and/or the local community.
PLAN NOTE FOR PROJECTS WITHIN A SOURCE WATER PROTECTION (SWAP) AREA:
PLAN NOTE FOR PROJECTS IN OR NEAR A DRINKING WATER SOURCE This project is located in or near the source of a public drinking water supply and within a designated source water protection area. In order to minimize the potential to contaminate this water supply, project related refueling and maintenance activities shall not be performed from STA__ to STA__ . The Contractor shall immediately take steps to mitigate any event, such as a spill of fuels, oils, or chemicals, that could threaten to contaminate the drinking water supply. Any such spill or event shall be reported immediately to [emergency contact person] of[public water system] at [phone number]. If the spill is a reportable amount, the Contractor should contract (insert name and number oflocal hazardous material response team) for clean up of the spill.
SOURCE WATER PROTECTION AREA TERMS:
Community Water System= A public water system that has at least 15 service connections or provides water to at least 25 year round residents. Ex: Cities, mobile home parks, and nursing homes.
Corridor Management Zone (CMZ) =The area adjacent to streams within a source water protection area that extends upstream from the surface water supply intake for a distance of 10 miles and has a width of 1,000 feet on each bank of the principal stream and 500 feet on each bank of major tributaries draining into the principal stream. Accidental spills, releases, and sudden precipitation events that result in overland runoff or storm sewer discharges can allow pollutants to readily enter the source water and potentially contaminate the drinking water at the intake. Once a CMZ is delineated by Ohio EPA, time of travel through the CMZ over a variety of flow regimes will be generated so that in the event of a spill the owner-operator of the public water system can determine the amount of time needed to respond to such an event. (See figure below.)
Emergency Management Zone (EMZ) = The area in the immediate vicinity of the surface water supply intake in which the public water system owner-operator has little or no time to respond to a spill. EMZs vary in size and they are based on a site-specific delineation. For example, an EMZ may be small if the intake is located below a dam since the dam itself acts as a barrier by which a spill or contaminated plume could be contained. For areas where delineation has yet to occur or if the delineation criteria do not apply to the site, then the standard/default boundary for an EMZ is a semi-circle that extends 500 feet upstream of the intake and 100 feet downstream of the intake. (See figure below.)
Non-community Water System= Public water systems that include transient non-community (TNC) water systems and non-transient non-community (NTNC) water systems. Examples ofTNC systems are rest areas, campgrounds, restaurants, and churches. NfNC systems include schools, businesses, and industries.
Public Water System= Defined in the Safe Drinking Water Act as a provision that serves piped water to at least 25 persons or 15 service connections for at least 60 days per year. There are three types of public water systems in Ohio: community water systems, transient non-community water systems, and non-transient non-community water systems.
Source Water Protection Area (SWAP Area) = A delineated drinking water protection area based on criteria established by Ohio EPA and the Safe Drinking Water Act.
SOURCE WATER PROTECTION AREA FOR PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM WITH A SURFACE WATER SOURCE. [NOTE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ZONE (EMZ) AND CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT ZONE (CMZ).]:
Watershed Boundaty SWAP Area Boundary
Public Wata System
Emergency Management Zone q . t:::1 Corridor Management Zooe ~ Subwatersheds OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION INTER-OFFICE COMMUNICATION Office of Environmental Services
.. TO: All District Planning and Program Administrators DATE: March 13, 1998
FROM: Tim~_. Hill, Administrator, Office of Environmental Services .'--~:,.~ ~"-· l~ SUBJECT: Updated Wf;;r;;f;;ad Protection Maps
Attached for your use are the yearly updated maps from Ohio EPA for your district. A set of the entire map collection will be maintained in this office. This office has become aware that some of the environmental personnel have not received the guidance letter Considering Impacts On Public Water Supply Wei/fields During Project Planning dated March 8, 1996. Therefore, this letter and the Ohio EPA Fact Sheet What is Wellhead Protection have been enclosed.
We would like to take this opportunity to modify a portion of the March 8, 1996 guidance letter that stated that the 5 year Time of Travel (TOT) area would not be considered during roadway planning. New location projects should take the 5 year TOT into consideration based on the comments obtained from the water district and/or Ohio EPA Considerations for projects in either the 1 or 5 year TOT areas may Jnclude protective measures such as prohibiting vehicle fueling, fuel storage and vehicle maintenance .~in the 1 or 5 year TOT during construction. Additionally, it may become necessary to modify standard drainage systems in these areas.
If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Juliet Denniss, Environmental Specialist, at (614) 466-7942. . ..
TMH:jdd
attachments
c: Mike Baker, Programs Manager, OEPA-DDAGW (CO) District Environmental Coordinators All Environmental Personnel File Reading file ·!!
INTER-OFFICE COMMUNICATION Ohio Department of Transportation 25 South Front Street Columbus, Ohio
To: All District Planning & Programs Administrators Date: March 8. 1996
From: Gordon D. Proctor. Deputy Director. pivision of Multi-modal Planning
S.ubject: Considering Impacts On Public Water Supply Wellfields During Project Planning
The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency has requested that the Department evaluate potential impacts to community water supplies early in project planning. This is part of a concerted state wide effort by Ohio EPA to establish a Wellhead Protection Program, as mandated by the Safe Drinking \Vater Act. The program is designed to ensure ground-water supplies for small communities are not compromised by poor planning and development through the use of Wellhead Protection Plans tsee attached Wellhead Protection Fac~ Sheet). Wellhead Protection Plans are subsequently implemented through a combination of local planning, zoning and ordinances aimed at maint2ining responsible development in the vicinity of the water supply.
In response to Ohio EPA's request, the Department will now consider roadway projects in relation to community water systems that rely on ground-water supplies and addres:> the possibility of transportation accidents, such as tanker spills, or other design and maintena.'lce factors wruch pose a significant concern to wellfield integrity. Specifically, this will consist of an evaluation of the posslbie impacts that a roadway project may have on an area known as the one-year tilme-oftravef zor~£. The one-year time-of-travel zone is delineated by the local community, identified in the Wellhead Protection Plan, and represents the zone within which ground waxer is captured and moved to a ground water supply well in one year's time or less. Another delineated area knvwn as the five-year time-of-travel zone is similar and also utilized in wellhead prrotection planning but will not need to be considered during roadway planning.
For Class I Projects under the Transportation Development Process (projects with alternatives or new location requiring an EIS), an inventory of public water supply wellfields within the study area should be completed during the Literature Search. If a wellfield is identified, then avoidance and/or protectiw measures of the wellfield's one-year time-of-travel zone should be considered and discussed in the environmental document. Class· III Projects (Environmental Assessmernt required) and Class II Projects (Categorical Exclusions) will also require an inventory and consideration of protective measures.
The significance of impac:rs on a wellfield will, of course, not be known until some design has been completed. Wheo , h-vwever, impacts to the one-year time-of-travel zone appear unavoidabJe from a locaticn or design standpoint, coordination with the local community or Ohio EPA will become necessa:;.-. Many communities are in the process of establishing their Wellhead !Protection Plan but have yet to identify the one-year time-of-travel zone. For these situations. estimated ooe-y~ar time-of-travel zones may be available through the Ohio EPA. (j'
The District or local sponsoring agencies should coordinate their project development with the local water or planning authority when a Wellhead Protection Plan has already been completed. If a Wellhead Protection Plan is under development, coordination with the Division of Drinking and Ground Waters (OEPA) may be required and can be initiated through the Office of Environmental Services (OES). At this point, we recoll1111end District notify OES that a particular project is being planned in the vicinity of an identified community water system and that coordination with Ohi(l EPA will be required. This office will then contact Ohio EPA and determine what action, if any, will be required. The results <;>f the: coordination as well as ~y project related impacts to the community water supply will need to be discussed in the environmental document for the project.
The Ohio EPA has provided county maps which identify community water systems as well as inventories of community water systems which already have a Wellhead Protection Plan under development or in place. A set of these maps is included with this IOC. The Department, local sponsors or consultants can review these inventories to identify community water systems during the Literature Search stage vf Project Development. Personnel from the Office of Environmental Services are available to assist Districts, local sponsors or consultants address this matter. If you have any additional.questi0ns, please contact Marc Racine at (614) 752-8278. ~f GDP 1t!fifft:1lf~-' '1lttachment
c: C. RunYan- G. Procmr- W. Ford- N. Basso- J. Sadzewicz, OEPA- M. Baker, OEPA District En,ironmental P~rsonnel (w/ enclosure)- Reading File'- ~w/ enclosure) APPENDIX VIII
EXAMPLE COORDINATION LETTERS FOR DRINKING WATER RESOURCES July 17, 2003 RECEIVED JUL 1 7 2003 Damon Dye OFRCEOF Del-Co Water Company Inc. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 6773 Olentangy River Road Delaware, Ohio 43015
Re: DEL-36-16. 76 PID-19431 Alum Creek Lake Causeway Project Surface Water Protection Coordination
Dear Mr. Dye:
The Ohio Department of~ransportation is currently planning a project to replace the United States Route 36 causeway that crosses Alum Creek Lake in Delaware County. A general project location map is attached for your reference. We are seeking your support and soliciting your input regarding this project to ensure the safety of the drinking water supply during construction.
This project is to repair a 1,090 foot long United States Route 36 causeway that crosses Alum Creek Reservoir in Delaware County. The project is located between United States Route 23 and Interstate 71 on United States Route 36. The lateral project limits of this project are the east and west ends of the embankment, excluding the bridge on the east end, and including the closure of the parking lots located at both the east and west ends of the causeway.
Construction activities will be those consistent with the removal and replacement of the earthen fill material: The replaced embankment will be strengthened by the use of geogrids and shafts to hold the soil in place. The median will be regraded as part of this project as well. In addition, the stone rock channel protection that is currently located on the embankment slopes will be removed and . replaced during this project. The embankment vertical limits will be to where the current embankment slope enters Alum Creek Reservoir (at the approximate elevation of 884.00). Construction will occur in two stages to accommodate maintenance of traffic. Traffic will be maintained during construction via cross-overs.
There will be some impacts to Alum Creek Lake during construction of this project. The temporary impacts may include any or all of the following: temporary barge parking for embankment construction, dosing of two Alum Creek State Park parking lots to the east and west of the causeway, and limiting pedestrian and equestrian access to the immediate area surrounding the project area . Through marine access will be maintained under the bridge, access to Alum Creek Lake both north and south of the bridge will be maintained by the use of existing boat access sites. Sheet piling and/or cofferdams made of earthen material will be utilized around the perimeter of the project area to help offset flooding. The permanent impact to the lake consists of the replacement of rock channel protection to the slopes of the embankment. There will be no removal or addition of water during this project.
A __ 1"":"---·- ,...... ______T"':"- ·------TO: Damon Dye, Del Co Water Company, Inc. SUBJECT: DEL-36-16.76 DATE: July 17, 2003 Page#2
The following plan note will be inserted into the construction plans to ensure the safety of the drinking water supply.
Plan Note for Projects In or Near a Drinking Water Source This project involves Alum Creek Resen,oir, which is a drinking water supply and source water protection area. In order to minimize the potential for a spill in this sensitive area, project related refueling and maintenance activities shall be performed as far from Alum Creek Lake as possible. The Contractor shall immediately take steps to mitigate any event, such a'l a spill offuels, oils, or chemicals, that could threaten to contaminate the drinking water supply. Any such spill or event shall be reported immediately to (emergency contact penwn) of Del-Co Water Company at (phone number).
Please review the attached plan sheets and prepare a written response containing any comments, · ·> concerns, and support you have for this project. The primary purpose of requesting a written ·.} response from your organization is so any comments can be incorporated into the planning of this project. We request to receive this response by Friday, August 1, 2003. Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me at 740-363-1251, extension 465. s=~ Susan Jaworski Environmental Specialist
SEJ:sh
Attachments *
c: R. Lang (OES) * E.J. Borsos J.L. White S.E. Jaworski Reading File PD File* FD File* P&P0703.015 Name: NEWARK Location: 040° 16' 04.3ft N 082° 57' 15.3" W Date: 7/15/2003 Caption: DEL-36-16.76 (PID-19431) General Location Map Scale: 1 inch equals 1.578 miles Plate 2 of 2 [rhe red at the center of the map is the project location.] Monroe (513) 539-7374 Cincinnati (513) 779-4729 C\1~ OF MONROE Fax (513) 539-6460 P.O.Box 330 Michael P. Morris Monroe, OH 45050 Donald W. Whitman Mayor City Manager
January 14, 2002 R€spoV\Se Leiter Fro W\ Pvbllc We1~' Sy~W\ Mr. David Newhouse LJB Inc. t'O ODcT 3100 Research Boulevard Dayton, Ohio 45420-0246
Re: Impact ofProposed War-63-0.12 Roadway Reconstruction on the City of Monroe Wellhead Area PID # 22027
Dear Mr. Newhouse:
In regards to the proposed reconstruction of State Route 63 and the impact this project will have on the wellfield serving the City of Monroe, we have referenced the Wellhead Protection Plan for the City ofMonroe, July 1997, and provide the following:
State Route 63 passes through the Time of Travel {TOT) zones around the wellfield and produces two types of potential hazards: accidental spills ofhazardous materials; and runoff of petrochemicals, and emissions from brake lining, oil, gas leaks, and de-icing compounds. The greatest concern for contamination comes from the potential of spills along State Route 63. We do not expect the State Route 63 reconstruction project to increase the potential for contamination. In fact, the project may decrease the potential for spills by correcting deficient roadway geometry that could contribute to accidents in or near the TOT zones.
The City of Monroe places no restrictions on the State Route 63 reconstruction project to prevent impact of potential contamination of our wellfield, other than standard storm sewer piping design and erosion control measures during construction. Please contact our office if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
Donald W. Whitman City Manager