DOCSLIB.ORG

Appendix Ii – Select Bibliography of Stonehenge and Its Landscape

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Appendix Ii – Select Bibliography of Stonehenge and Its Landscape 159-166 appendix 2.qxd 6/21/05 4:33 PM Page 145 APPENDIX II – SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF STONEHENGE AND ITS LANDSCAPE INTERNET SITES www.stonehengelaserscan.org [information and images of the laser-scans made of the surfaces of selected stone at www.britarch.ac.uk/stonehenge/index.html [chronological Stonehenge in order to help identify and study the rock art account of ‘The Stonehenge Saga’ from the early 1960s at the site] through to present day, focusing on visitor experiences, plans for changing the visitor centre, and proposals for the up- www.great-britain.co.uk/regions/southern-england/ grading of the A303. Many links to other relevant websites] stonehen.html [selection of pictures of Stonehenge] www.english-heritage.org.uk/stonehenge [home page for www.arch-ant.bham.ac.uk/research/computing/ English Heritage’s interests in Stonehenge including shbarrows/ [information about the Stonehenge Barrows information about visiting the site, exploring the Project with interactive samples] Stonehenge landscape, the World Heritage Site, the history of Stonehenge, the whereabouts of artefacts found at http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/projArch/pigs_durham_ Stonehenge, and the Stonehenge Project] 2004 [a database of metrical data for a large sample of well- preserved pig bones (including teeth) from the late Neolithic www.english-heritage.org.uk/stonehenge site of Durrington Walls] interactivemap/ [an interactive map of the Stonehenge World Heritage Site with virtual tours including views and www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/research/stonehenge/index. video clips of selected sites] html [information about the Stonehenge Riverside Project: new approaches to Durrington Walls] http://homepages.tcp.co.uk/~ait/masterplan.html [details of the Master Plan for Stonehenge launched in April 1999. The Plan deals with the relocation of the visitor centre and GUIDES AND GENERAL the upgrading of the A303] POPULIST ACCOUNTS www.thestonehengeproject.org [overview and latest news on the implementation of the Stonehenge Master Plan through Atkinson, R J C, 1979, Stonehenge (revised edition). the execution of what has become known as the Stonehenge Harmondsworth: Penguin Project. Links to many facets of the broader project] Atkinson, R J C, 1995, Stonehenge and neighbouring www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/news/stonehenge.html monuments (second edition). London: English Heritage [home page for the National Trust’s interests in Stonehenge, including its responsibilities for the Stonehenge Estate and Bergström, T, 1977, Stonehenge (revised and enlarged its participation in the Stonehenge Project] edition). London and New York: Boyle Books www.wessexarch.co.uk/projects/wiltshire/boscombe/ Burl, A, 1987, The Stonehenge people. London: J M Dent bowmen/index/html [information about the discovery and study of the multiple Beaker burial at Boscombe] Castleden, R, 1987, The Stonehenge people. London: Routledge www.wessexarch.co.uk/projects/amesbury/archer.html [information about the discovery and study of the richly Castleden, R, 1993, The making of Stonehenge. furnished Beaker grave found near Amesbury] London: Routledge http://apollo5.bournemouth.ac.uk/stonehenge Chippindale, C, 2004, Stonehenge complete (new and [background to the development of the Stonehenge expanded edition). London: Thames and Hudson World Heritage Site Research Framework and early consultation drafts] Cunnington, R H, 1935, Stonehenge and its date. London: Methuen www.planning-inspectorate.gov.uk/stonehenge [information about the A303 Stonehenge improvement North, J D, 1997, Stonehenge: Neolithic man and the scheme, copies of the published orders, and details of the cosmos. London: HarperCollins Public Inquiry held in the spring of 2004. Inspector’s report published September 2004] Pitts, M, 1994, Avebury and Stonehenge: the greatest stone circles in the world. Avebury: Stones Print 145 159-166 appendix 2.qxd 6/21/05 4:33 PM Page 146 Pitts, M, 2001, Hengeworld (revised edition). London: Arrow Saxon decapitation and burial at Stonehenge. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 95, 131–46 Richards, J, 1991, Beyond Stonehenge (second edition). Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology Scarre, C, 1997, Misleading images: Stonehenge and Brittany. Antiquity, 71, 1016–20 Richards, J, 1991, Stonehenge. London: Batsford and English Heritage Stone, E H, 1923, The age of Stonehenge. Antiquaries Journal, 3, 130–4 Richards, J, 2004, Stonehenge: a history in photographs. London: English Heritage Stone, E H, 1924, The stones of Stonehenge. London: Robert Scott Souden, D, 1997, Stonehenge: mysteries of the stones and landscape. London: Collins and Brown in association with English Heritage BUILDING STONEHENGE Stevens, F, 1916, Stonehenge, today and yesterday. Garfitt, J E, 1979, Moving the stones to Stonehenge. London: HMSO Antiquity, 53, 190–4 Wheatley, D, 1998, A new view of Stonehenge. Garfitt, J E, 1980, Raising the lintels at Stonehenge. Swindon: Braden Antiquity, 54, 142–4 Hogg, A H A, 1981, Another way to lift the Stonehenge STONEHENGE lintels. Antiquity, 55, 131–2 Ashbee, P, 1998, Stonehenge: its possible non-completion, Pavel, P, 1992, Raising the Stonehenge lintels in slighting and dilapidation. Wiltshire Archaeological and Czechoslovakia. Antiquity, 66, 389–91 Natural History Magazine, 91, 139–42 Richards, J, and Witby, M, 1997, The engineering of Burl, A, 1991, The Heel Stone, Stonehenge: a study in Stonehenge. Proceedings of the British Academy, misfortunes. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History 92, 231–56 Magazine, 84, 1–10 Smith, A C, 1866, Methods of moving colossal stones, as Burl, A, 1994, Stonehenge: slaughter, sacrifice and practised by some of the more advanced nations in sunshine. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History antiquity. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 87, 85–95 Magazine, 10, 52–60 Burl, A, 1997, The sarsen horseshoe inside Stonehenge: Stone, E H, 1924, The method of erecting the stones of a rider. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Stonehenge. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 90, 1–12 Magazine, 42, 446–56 Burl, A, 2001, The Altar Stone at Stonehenge: prone to doubt. 3rd Stone, 40, 48–55 STONEHENGE AND ITS Clay, R C C, 1927, Stonehenge Avenue. Antiquity, 1, 342–4 PREHISTORIC LANDSCAPE Cleal, R M J, Walker, K E, and Montague, R, 1995, Cunliffe, B, and Renfrew, C (eds), Science and Stonehenge Stonehenge in its landscape: twentieth-century excavation (Proceedings of the British Academy 92). London: The (English Heritage Archaeological Report 10). London: British Academy English Heritage Grinsell, L V, 1978,The Stonehenge Barrow Groups. Crawford, O G S, 1924, The Stonehenge Avenue. Antiquaries Salisbury: Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Journal, 4, 57–8 RCHM [Royal Commission on Historical Monuments Crawford, O G S, 1954, The symbols carved on Stonehenge. (England)], 1979, Stonehenge and its environs. Edinburgh: Antiquity, 28, 25–31 Edinburgh University Press Piggott, S, 1951, Stonehenge reviewed. In W F Grimes (ed), Richards, J, 1990, The Stonehenge Environs Project (HBMCE Aspects of archaeology in Britain and beyond. London: Archaeological Report 16). London: English Heritage H W Edwards. 274–92 Woodward, A B, and Woodward, P J, 1996, The topography Pitts, M, 1981, Stones, pits, and Stonehenge. Nature, of some barrow cemeteries in Bronze Age Wessex. 290, 46–7 Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 62, 275–92 Pitts, M, Bayliss, A, McKinley, J, Boylston, A, Budd, P, Evans, J, Chenery, C, Reynolds, A, and Semple, S, 2002, An Anglo- 146 159-166 appendix 2.qxd 6/21/05 4:33 PM Page 147 STONEHENGE IN ITS Ashbee, P, Bell, M, and Proudfoot, E, 1989, Wilsford Shaft Excavations, 1960–62 (HBMCE Archaeological Report 11). HISTORIC LANDSCAPE London: English Heritage Aston, M, and Lewis, C (eds), 1994, The medieval landscape Atkinson, R J C, Piggott, S, and Stone, J F S, 1952, The of Wessex. Oxford: Oxbow Books excavations of two additional holes at Stonehenge, and new evidence for the date of the monument. Antiquaries Chandler, J (ed), 1979, The Amesbury millennium lectures. Journal, 32, 14–20 Amesbury: The Amesbury Society Bond, D, 1983, An excavation at Stonehenge, 1981. Chippindale, C, 1976, The enclosure of Stonehenge. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 77, 39–43 70/71 (1975–6), 109–23 Bradley, R, Entwistle, R, and Raymond, F, 1994, Prehistoric Hinton, D A, 1977, Alfred’s kingdom: Wessex and the South, land divisions on Salisbury Plain (English Heritage 800–1500. London: Dent Archaeological Report 2). London: English Heritage Christie, C M, 1963, The Stonehenge Cursus. Wiltshire ANTIQUARIAN ACCOUNTS Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 58, 370–82 Barclay, E, 1895, Stonehenge and its earth-works. Christie, P M, 1964, A Bronze Age round barrow on Earl’s London: D Nutt Farm Down, Amesbury. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 59, 30–45 Colt Hoare, Sir R, 1821, The ancient history of Wiltshire. Volume II. London: Lackington [reprinted 1975 by EP Christie, P M, 1970, A round barrow on Greenland Farm, Publishing of Wakefield] Winterbourne Stoke. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 65, 64–73 Harrison, W J, 1902, Bibliography of Stonehenge and Avebury. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Cleal, R C, and Allen, M, 1994, Investigation of tree-damaged Magazine, 32, 1–169 barrows on King Barrow Ridge and Luxenborough Plantation, Amesbury. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural Jones, I, 1655, The most
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Using Scale Modelling to Assess the Prehistoric Acoustics of Stonehenge Cox, TJ, Fazenda, BM and Greaney, SE
    Using scale modelling to assess the prehistoric acoustics of stonehenge Cox, TJ, Fazenda, BM and Greaney, SE http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2020.105218 Title Using scale modelling to assess the prehistoric acoustics of stonehenge Authors Cox, TJ, Fazenda, BM and Greaney, SE Type Article URL This version is available at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/58059/ Published Date 2020 USIR is a digital collection of the research output of the University of Salford. Where copyright permits, full text material held in the repository is made freely available online and can be read, downloaded and copied for non-commercial private study or research purposes. Please check the manuscript for any further copyright restrictions. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. Journal of Archaeological Science 122 (2020) 105218 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Using scale modelling to assess the prehistoric acoustics of stonehenge Trevor J. Cox a,*, Bruno M. Fazenda a, Susan E. Greaney b a Acoustics Research Centre, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK b English Heritage, 29 Queen Square, Bristol, BS1 4ND, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: With social rituals usually involving sound, an archaeological understanding of a site requires the acoustics to be Acoustics assessed. This paper demonstrates how this can be done with acoustic scale models. Scale modelling is an Stonehenge established method in architectural acoustics, but it has not previously been applied to prehistoric monuments. Prehistoric The Stonehenge model described here allows the acoustics in the Late Neolithic and early Bronze Age to be Scale modelling quantified and the effects on musical sounds and speech to be inferred.
    [Show full text]
  • Stonehenge and Ancient Astronomy Tonehenge Is One of the Most Impressive and Best Known Prehistoric Stone Monuments in the World
    Stonehenge and Ancient Astronomy tonehenge is one of the most impressive and best known prehistoric stone monuments in the world. Ever since antiquarians’ accounts began to bring the site to wider attention inS the 17th century, there has been endless speculation about its likely purpose and meaning, and a recurring theme has been its possible connections with astronomy and the skies. was it a Neolithic calendar? A solar temple? A lunar observatory? A calculating device for predicting eclipses? Or perhaps a combination of more than one of these? In recent years Stonehenge has become the very icon of ancient astronomy, featuring in nearly every discussion on the subject. And yet there are those who persist in believing that it actually had little or no connection with astronomy at all. A more informed picture has been obtained in recent years by combining evidence from archaeology and astronomy within the new interdiscipline of archaeoastronomy – the study of beliefs and practices concerning the sky in the past and the uses to which people’s knowledge of the skies were put. This leaflet attempts to summarize the evidence that the Stonehenge monument was constructed by communities with a clear interest in the sky above them. Photograph: Stonehenge in the snow. (Skyscan/english heritagE) This leaflet is one of a series produced by the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS). An electronic version is available for download at www.ras.org.uk. It has been written by the following members of the RAS Astronomical Heritage Committee: Clive Ruggles, Bill Burton, David Hughes, Andrew lawson and Derek McNally.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SINCEREST FORM of FLATTERY: an ANALYSIS of FULL-SCALE, EX SITU REPLICAS of WORLD HERITAGE SITES by REBECCA LEIGH MCMANUS
    THE SINCEREST FORM OF FLATTERY: AN ANALYSIS OF FULL-SCALE, EX SITU REPLICAS OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES by REBECCA LEIGH MCMANUS (Under the Direction of WAYDE BROWN) ABSTRACT Full-scale, ex situ replicas of UNESCO World Heritage Sites can be found in five countries and their constructions predate even the World Heritage Convention itself. Clearly, the desire of humans to copy the architectural wonders of the world has a long and enduring history. This thesis will attempt to answer three related questions. First, what is the intent behind constructing these replicas? Second, how do the public and cultural heritage professionals receive these replicas? And third, how do these replicas fit into the ongoing discussions on authenticity and interpretation in historic preservation? INDEX WORDS: Replica, Full-Scale, Ex Situ, World Heritage Convention, World Heritage Sites, Stonehenge, Maryhill Stonehenge, Foamhenge, Parthenon, Nashville Parthenon, Hallstatt Village, Luoyang Hallstatt, Great Sphinx at Giza, Chuzhou Sphinx, Duplitecture, Nara Document, Venice Charter, Postmodernism, Forgeries, Umberto Eco, Jean Baudrillard, Richard Handler, Albert Lessing, Biana Bosker. THE SINCEREST FORM OF FLATTERY: AN ANALYSIS OF FULL-SCALE, EX SITU REPLICAS OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES by REBECCA LEIGH MCMANUS BA, Emory University, 2013 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION ATHENS, GEORGIA 2016 © 2016 Rebecca Leigh McManus All Rights Reserved THE SINCEREST FORM OF FLATTERY: AN ANALYSIS OF FULL-SCALE, EX SITU REPLICAS OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES by REBECCA LEIGH MCMANUS Major Professor: Wayde Brown Committee: Scott Nesbit Akela Reason Taylor Davis Electronic Version Approved: Suzanne Barbour Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2016 iv DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my parents, who encouraged me to keep pursuing knowledge, and to Alex Green, Sophia Latz, and Lesa Miller for their support and editorial advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Ever Increasing Circles: the Sacred Geographies of Stonehenge and Its Landscape
    Proceedings of the British Academy, 92, 167-202 Ever Increasing Circles: The Sacred Geographies of Stonehenge and its Landscape TIMOTHY DARVILL Introduction THE GREAT STONE CIRCLE standing on the rolling chalk downland of Salisbury Plain that we know today as Stonehenge, has, in the twentieth century AD, become a potent icon for the ancient world, and the focus of power struggles and contested authority in our own. Its reputation and stature as an archaeological monument are enormous, and sometimes almost threaten to overshadow both its physical proportions and our accumu- lated collective understanding of its construction and use. While considerable attention has recently been directed to the relevance, meaning and use of the site in the twentieth century AD (Chippindale 1983; 1986a; Chippindale et al. 1990; Bender 1992), the matter of its purpose, significance, and operation during Neolithic and Bronze Age times remains obscure. The late Professor Richard Atkinson was characteristically straightforward when he said that for questions about Stonehenge which begin with the word ‘why’: ‘there is one short, simple and perfectly correct answer: We do not know’ (1979, 168). Two of the most widely recognised and enduring interpretations of Stonehenge are, first, that it was a temple of some kind; and, second, that its orientation on the midsummer sunrise gave it some sort of astronomical role in the lives of its builders. Both interpre- tations, which are not mutually exclusive, have of course been taken to absurd lengths on occasion. During the eighteenth century, for example, William Stukeley became obses- sive about the role of the Druids at Stonehenge (Stukeley 1740).
    [Show full text]
  • The Bronze Age: Stonehenge
    The Bronze Age: Stonehenge Stonehenge is a very famous stone circle in the south of England that was started in the Stone Age and continued into the Bronze Age. They started by digging a circular ditch that was 100 metres across using picks made from antlers. There were two entrances to the circle. There were 56 pits dug around it which were one metre deep, with flat bottoms. They could have held timber posts, or stones, or might have been a part of a religious ceremony. The second stage saw 82 stones added in a double circle pattern. These stones came all the way from South Wales, 240 miles away! They were called bluestones because they looked blue if they were broken or wet. The stones were around two metres tall and over one metre wide. About 500 years later, more stones were added. The Sarsen stones were enormous, over four metres high, two metres wide and weighing up to 30 tonnes! An outer circle was created, with stones laid horizontally across the top. In the middle, more stones were arranged in a horseshoe shape. At the centre was a stone called the Altar Stone. During the final changes, the original bluestones were rearranged into the horseshoe and circle shape that can be seen today. The stones were lined up so you can see the sunrise at midsummer and the sunset at midwinter at opposite ends of the circle. To make the stones fit together well, they carved bumps and holes to make them fit together, a bit like building bricks! There is one stone that looks red when it gets wet because there is iron in the rock.
    [Show full text]
  • A Sermon in Stone
    A Sermon in stone “Sweet are the uses of adversity, Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous, Wears yet a precious jewel in his head; And this our life, exempt from human haunt, Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, Sermons in stones, and good in everything. I would not change it.” William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) From ‘As You Like It’ At the same time the fellahin were toiling to erect the Pharaohs’ pyramids, people were erecting the stones of Stonehenge, about 5,500 years ago. This was only 3,000 years since man domesticated wheat! Stonehenge is built on Salisbury Plain which is an undulating tract of chalky downland covering an area some twenty miles long and sixteen miles wide in the south-east corner of Wiltshire between Salisbury and Devizes. It is a country of limey soil spread thinly over a thousand feet of pure soft white limestone consisting almost entirely of the fossils of minute animals and sea-plants, which lived between seventy and one hundred million years ago when the Plain formed the bed of a comparatively shallow sea. To the archaeologist, it is the country of Stonehenge, a country of barrow, tumuli, earthworks, hill forts and field systems through which can be traced man’s progress and achievements in pre-historic and early historic times, a country which is probably the finest open-air museum in the British Isles. When we visited the site I was struck by two things: It is a Cathedral! But why build it here? DESIGN The stones are aligned almost perfectly with the sunrise on the summer solstice, and it is almost unquestioned that Stonehenge was built as a spectacular place of worship.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture and Meaning in the Structure of Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK Timothy Darvill
    Houses of the Holy: architecture and meaning in the structure of Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK Timothy Darvill Timothy Darvill is Professor of Archaeology in the Department of Archaeology, Anthropology and Forensic Science, Bournemouth University, UK. His research interests lie in the Neolithic of Northwest Europe and in archaeological resource management, and he has carried out fieldwork in Germany, Russia, Malta, England, Wales, and the Isle of Man. In 2008, together with Geoff Wainwright, he undertook excavations inside the stone circles at Stonehenge as part of ongoing research into the links between Stonehenge and the sources of the Bluestones in the Preseli Hills of southwest Wales. He is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Time & Mind. [email protected]. Abstract Stonehenge in central southern England is internationally known. Recent re-evaluations of its date and construction sequence provides an opportunity to review the meaning and purpose of key structural components. Here it is argued that the central stone structures did not have a single purpose but rather embody a series of symbolic representations. During the early third millennium this included a square-in- circle motif representing a sacred house or ‘big house’ edged by the five Sarsen Trilithons. During the late third millennium BC, as house styles changed, some of the stones were re-arranged to form a central oval setting that perpetuated the idea of the a sacred dwelling. The Sarsen Circle may have embodied a time- reckoning system based on the lunar month. From about 2500 BC more than 80 bluestones were brought to the site from sources in the Preseli Hills of west Wales about 220km distant.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochemistry, Sources and Transport of the Stonehenge Bluestones
    Proceedings of the British Academy, 11, 133-161 Geochemistry, Sources and Transport of the Stonehenge Bluestones 0. WILLIAMS-THORPE & R. S. THORPE* Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. Summary. Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain, UK, is famous for its construction from large lintelled sarsen stones, and also because it has been proposed that some of its stones-the bluestones which are foreign to the solid geology of Salisbury Plain-were brought to the site by humans from a distant source in Preseli, South Wales. The bluestones include hard dolerites (mostly ‘spotted’) and rhyolites, and softer structurally unsuitable sandstones and basic tuffs. Chemical analysis of eleven dolerites and four rhyolite bluestones indicated that the dolerites originated at three sources in Preseli within a small area (ca. 2 km*), while the rhyolite monoliths are from four different sources including localities in northern Preseli and perhaps on the north Pembrokeshire coast, between 10 and 30 km apart. Opaque mineralogy of the dolerites supports the conclusion of a Preseli source, while modal analysis of a sandstone fragment excavated at Stonehenge shows that it is not from the Cosheston or Senni Beds of South Wales, as has been suggested. This variety of source implies selection of material from a mixed (glacial) source, not at a carefully human-chosen outcrop. Glacial erratic material from south-west Wales has been identified as far east as Cardiff, and early (Anglian) glaciation of the Bristol/Bath area is indicated by an erratic find and glacial landforms. The apparent lack of glacial erratics between Bristol and Stonehenge (except perhaps for the Boles Barrow boulder) and in rivers draining Salisbury Plain, is consistent with the irregular deposition of ‘free’ boulders at the edge Read 13 February 1991.
    [Show full text]
  • Stonehenge and Ancient Astronomy Tonehenge Is One of the Most Impressive and Best Known Prehistoric Stone Monuments in the World
    Stonehenge and Ancient Astronomy tonehenge is one of the most impressive and best known prehistoric stone monuments in the world. Ever since antiquarians’ accounts began to bring the site to wider attention inS the 17th century, there has been endless speculation about its likely purpose and meaning, and a recurring theme has been its possible connections with astronomy and the skies. was it a Neolithic calendar? A solar temple? A lunar observatory? A calculating device for predicting eclipses? Or perhaps a combination of more than one of these? In recent years Stonehenge has become the very icon of ancient astronomy, featuring in nearly every discussion on the subject. And yet there are those who persist in believing that it actually had little or no connection with astronomy at all. A more informed picture has been obtained in recent years by combining evidence from archaeology and astronomy within the new interdiscipline of archaeoastronomy – the study of beliefs and practices concerning the sky in the past and the uses to which people’s knowledge of the skies were put. This leaflet attempts to summarize the evidence that the Stonehenge monument was constructed by communities with a clear interest in the sky above them. Photograph: Stonehenge in the snow. (Skyscan/english heritagE) This leaflet is one of a series produced by the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS). An electronic version is available for download at www.ras.org.uk. It has been written by the following members of the RAS Astronomical Heritage Committee: Clive Ruggles, Bill Burton, David Hughes, Andrew lawson and Derek McNally.
    [Show full text]
  • Stonehenge Ppt
    Wednesday 13th January 2021 L.O. To research Stonehenge http://www.english- heritage.org.uk/visit/places/stonehenge/history/stoneheng e360/ Click on the above link for a virtual tour or Stonehenge. Spend some time exploring. How did it make you feel? Why? Some people think that Stonehenge was used as a special place for worship, a meeting place or for healing. Do any of your comments evoke the sense that Stonehenge is special? What is Stonehenge? Stonehenge is a very famous prehistoric monument in the South of England, in Wiltshire. It was started 5000 years ago during the Stone Age, around 3100 – 3000BC. Up to 150 people were buried there when it was just an earthwork. The stones that we see today were added later. How Was Stonehenge Made? The earthwork was a circular ditch dug using antler picks with a bank both inside and out. Bones of oxen and deer were found in the bottom of the ditch, along with flint tools. The central area was about 100 metres in diameter and there were two entrances. There were 56 pits dug around the circle (called the ‘Aubrey holes’ after John Aubrey, who was thought to have first identified them in the 17th century) which were 1 metre wide and 1 metre deep, with flat bottoms. The purpose of these holes is unclear. Different people think they could have held timber posts, or stones, or were part of a religious ceremony. The Second Stage It is unclear when the second stage started, it could have been between 4000 and 5000 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Stonehenge-Research-Framework.Pdf
    000 cover.qxd 6/21/05 4:41 PM Page 1 STONEHENGE WORLD HERITAGE SITE STONEHENGE WORLD HERITAGE SITE ANRESEARCH ARCHAEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FRAMEWORK Stonehenge is one of Europe’s most eminent prehistoric monuments, a fact recognized in 1986 when the site and its surrounding landscape was inscribed on the World Heritage List. Since that time, much effort has been given to improving the conservation, management, and presentation of Stonehenge and its environs. Research has also played an important role with several extensive surveys and selective excavations helping to improve understandings of the site and its setting. But how does all the archaeological work carried out over the last century or so fit together? And what should we do next? This volume sets out to provide an overview of achievements and a framework for future research at and around Stonehenge. stonehenge world heritage site an archaeological research framework Timothy DarvillTimothy 001-014 prelims.qxd 6/21/05 4:13 PM Page 1 STONEHENGE WORLD HERITAGE SITE: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FRAMEWORK 001-014 prelims.qxd 6/21/05 4:13 PM Page 2 001-014 prelims.qxd 6/21/05 4:13 PM Page 3 STONEHENGE WORLD HERITAGE SITE: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH FRAMEWORK Compiled and edited by Timothy Darvill with assistance from Vanessa Constant and Ehren Milner and contributions from Barbara Bender, Ben Chan, John Chandler, Simon Crutchley, Andrew David, David Field, Mike Parker Pearson, Clive Ruggles and Ann Woodward London and Bournemouth English Heritage and Bournemouth University 2005 001-014 prelims.qxd 6/21/05 4:13 PM Page 4 The researching, compiling, and production of this report was commissioned and funded by English Heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • Megaliths and Geology: a Journey Through Monuments, Landscapes and Peoples
    Megaliths and Geology Edited by Rui Boaventura, Rui Mataloto and André Pereira Access Archaeology aeopr ch es r s A A y c g c e o l s o s e A a r c Ah About Access Archaeology Access Archaeology offers a different publishing model for specialist academic material that might traditionally prove commercially unviable, perhaps due to its sheer extent or volume of colour content, or simply due to its relatively niche field of interest. This could apply, for example, to a PhD dissertation or a catalogue of archaeological data. All Access Archaeology publications are available in open-access e-pdf format and in print format. The open-access model supports dissemination in areas of the world where budgets are more severely limited, and also allows individual academics from all over the world the opportunity to access the material privately, rather than relying solely on their university or public library. Print copies, nevertheless, remain available to individuals and institutions who need or prefer them. The material is refereed and/or peer reviewed. Copy-editing takes place prior to submission of the work for publication and is the responsibility of the author. Academics who are able to supply print-ready material are not charged any fee to publish (including making the material available in open-access). In some instances the material is type-set in-house and in these cases a small charge is passed on for layout work. Our principal effort goes into promoting the material, both in open-access and print, where Access Archaeology books get the same level of attention as all of our publications which are marketed through e-alerts, print catalogues, displays at academic conferences, and are supported by professional distribution worldwide.
    [Show full text]