DOCSLIB.ORG

Teresehart-Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Teresehart-Dissertation INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a manuscript sent to us for publication and microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pages in any manuscript may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note appears to indicate this. 3.Oversize materials (maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or in black and white paper format.* 4.Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, all photographs are available in black and white standard 35mm slide format.* *For more information about black and white slides or enlarged paper reproductions, please contact the Dissertations Customer Services Department. Hart, Terese Butler THE ECOLOGY OF A SINGLE-SPECIES-DOMINANT FOREST AND OF A MIXED FOREST IN ZAIRE, AFRICA Michigan State University PH.D. 1985 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages _____ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print 3. Photographs with dark background 4. Illustrations are poor copy ______ 5. Pa ges with black marks, not original copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine ______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print ______ 11. Page(s) ___________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) ___________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered _______ . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages ______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received _________ 16. Other ____________________________________________ University Microfilm s International THE ECOLOGY OF A SINGLE-SPECIES-DOMINANT FOREST AND OF A MIXED FOREST IN ZAIRE, AFRICA By Terese Bulter Hart A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Botany and Plant Pathology ABSTRACT THE ECOLOGY OF A SINGLE-SPECIES-DOMINANT FOREST AND OF A MIXED FOREST IN ZAIRE, AFRICA. By Terese Butler Hart Low species diversity and pronounced dominance have been considered atypical for tropical humid forests. In the Ituri Forest of Zaire, however, a principal forest type is dominated by a single species. In mbau forest, Gilbertiodendron dewevrei accounts for approximately 90* of the canopy-level trees. A second forest type, the more species-rich mixed forest, is found at similar altitudes and on similar topography as mbau forest. The co-occurrence of these two communities suggests that some factor other than climate determines the diversity difference between the two forest types. Four general hypotheses to account for the differences in diversity were tested. Each hypothesis offered contrasting predictions for the two forest types and was tested as follows: 1. Monodominance is symptomatic of early secondary growth. Forest maturity was inferred from the representation of shade-tolerant species in the canopy and understory. 2. Low tree species diversity is found on very poor soils. Soils types were compared for differences in texture and chemical composition. 3. Frequent and/or large natural disturbances interfere with the ability of any single species to attain dominance. Treefall size and frequency was determined. 4. Heavy seed predation under parent trees prevents dominance by any single species. Seeds of canopy trees were monitored for survival both near and distant from adult conspecifics. The results failed to show that any of the proposed hypotheses account in a major way for the maintenance of the two patterns of diversity and dominance in the Ituri Forest. Both forest types have the structure and composition of mature communities and the mbau forest is not restricted to soils too poor for mixed forest. As predicted, there were more frequent treefalls in mixed forest than mbau forest; however, there was great variance in size and frequency of gaps in both forest types. Finally, the dominance of G. dewevrei cannot be attributed to a larger proportion of its seeds escaping predators. It is suggested that natural disturbance of a larger scale and more ancient than measured by this study may been a determinant of present forest distributions. This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of CHUKIZA, son of ANJIANI, nephew of KENGE, who enthusiastically shared his knowledge of the forest and to the memory of PH. GERARD whose enjoyment of mbau forest is alive in his writing. AKNOWLEDGMENTS The research project in the Ituri Forest of Zaire was made financially possible by a grant from the United States Man and the Biosphere Program (federal grant number 4789-6). The project was facilitated by the cooperation of the Institut Zairois pour la Conservation de la Nature (IZCN). Financial support during the period of data analysis and redaction was provided by the African Studies Center and the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology at Michigan State University. Dr. Peter Murphy's confidence and support were the catalyst for the research proposal and essential to its realization. John A. Hart has shared in, and contributed substantially to, all phases of this project. His field assistance, stimulating discussions, and companionship provided direction and the ability to persevere, as needed. Work in the forest would have been many times more difficult without the enthusiastic assistance of the Mbuti Pygmies of the Epulu area, notably, Chukiza, Kenge, Atoka, Mayalimingi, Avion, and Amanjau. Dr. H. Breyne, curator of the national herbarium in Kinshasa, deserves a special thanks for his logistical support and the identifications of plant specimens. Many additional identifications were provided by L. Liben of the National Botanical gardens in Meise, Belgium. The dissertation has been greatly improved by the editorial 10 comments and constructive criticism of Dr. Peter Murphy and my committee members, Dr. John Beaman, Dr. George Petrides, and Dr. Jean Stout. The questions and observations of colleagues have been incorporated into the conception, realization, and analysis of this study. In particular I wish to thank Dr. N. Brokaw, Dr. J. Connell, Dr. D. Kibbs, Dr. D. Livingstone, the ecology group at Kellogg Biological Station, especially, M. Leibold, Dr. T. Miller, and Dr. A. Winn, and my fellow students in the laboratory, especially, V. Dunevitz and Dr. G. Donnelly. In completing this study, as has been the case for all my projects, large and small, I feel deep gratitude toward my family. The encouragment of my parents and parents-in-law has been a constant source of strength. I owe a very special thanks to my husband, John, for his unfaltering good humour and his lavish praise, and, also, to our daughters, Sarah and Rebekah, who never doubted and always provided welcome distraction. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................. x Introduction ..................................................... 1 Chapter one: The Mbau Forest in Zaire: Edaphic and Successional Gradients in Relation to Single-Species-Dominance in an African Tropical Forest ..................................... 7 Introduction ................................................ 7 Background .................................................. 12 Variation of tropical forest composition with soil factors and successional stages ....................... 12 Single-species dominant forests in tropical Africa and other tropical areas .............................. 16 Objectives .................................................. 18 Study site .................................................. 21 Methods .................................................... 27 Results ..................................................... 30 Forest description .................................... 30 Major species ......................................... 37 Distribution of shade-tolerant species ................ 40 Soils ................................................. 42 Forest islands ........................................ 45 Discussion .................................................. 49 The mbau forest in the Ituri study area ............... 49 Mbau forest in other parts of Gilbertiodendron dewevrei's range ..................... 51 A comparison of other single-dominant tropical forests with the mbau forest of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pakaraimaea Dipterocarpacea
    The Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community in a Neotropical Forest Dominated by the Endemic Dipterocarp Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea Matthew E. Smith1*, Terry W. Henkel2, Jessie K. Uehling2, Alexander K. Fremier3, H. David Clarke4, Rytas Vilgalys5 1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California, United States of America, 3 Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America, 4 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, North Carolina, United States of America, 5 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America Abstract Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants and fungi can be diverse and abundant in certain tropical ecosystems. For example, the primarily paleotropical ECM plant family Dipterocarpaceae is one of the most speciose and ecologically important tree families in Southeast Asia. Pakaraimaea dipterocarpacea is one of two species of dipterocarp known from the Neotropics, and is also the only known member of the monotypic Dipterocarpaceae subfamily Pakaraimoideae. This Guiana Shield endemic is only known from the sandstone highlands of Guyana and Venezuela. Despite its unique phylogenetic position and unusual geographical distribution, the ECM fungal associations of P. dipterocarpacea are understudied throughout the tree’s range. In December 2010 we sampled ECM fungi on roots of P. dipterocarpacea and the co-occurring ECM tree Dicymbe jenmanii (Fabaceae subfamily Caesalpinioideae) in the Upper Mazaruni River Basin of Guyana. Based on ITS rDNA sequencing we documented 52 ECM species from 11 independent fungal lineages. Due to the phylogenetic distance between the two host tree species, we hypothesized that P.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Global Climate Change on the Phenology of African Tropical Ecosystems
    IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE PHENOLOGY OF AFRICAN TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS GABRIELA S. ADAMESCU MSc by Research UNIVERSITY OF YORK Biology October 2016 1 Abstract The climate has been changing at an unprecedented rate, affecting natural systems around the globe. Its impact has been mostly reflected through changes in species’ phenology, which has received extensive attention in the current global-change research, mainly in temperate regions. However, little is known about phenology in African tropical forests. Africa is known to be vulnerable to climate change and filling the gaps is an urgent matter. In this study we assess plant phenology at the individual, site and continental level. We first compare flowering and fruiting events of species shared between multiple sites, accounting for three quantitative indicators, such as frequency, fidelity for conserving a certain frequency and seasonal phase. We complement this analysis by assessing interannual trends of flowering and fruiting frequency and fidelity to their dominant frequency at 11 sites. We complete the bigger picture by analysing flowering and fruiting frequency of African tropical trees at the site and community level. Next, we correlate three climatic indices (ENSO, IOD and NAO) with flowering and fruiting events at the canopy level, at 16 sites. Our results suggest that 30 % of the studied species show plasticity or adaptability to different environments and will most likely be resilient to moderate future climate change. At both site and continental level, we found that annual flowering cycles are dominant, indicating strong seasonality in the case of more than 50% of African tropical species under investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Species Selection for Buffer Zone Agroforestry: the Case of Budongo Forest in Uganda
    52 International Forestry Review Vol.10(1), 2008 Tree species selection for buffer zone agroforestry: the case of Budongo Forest in Uganda W. K. KASOLO and A. B. TEMU Nyabyeya Forest College, Private Bag Masindi Uganda and World, Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) P.O Box 30677 Nairobi, Kenya Emails: [email protected] and [email protected] SUMMARY This paper highlights the importance of careful selection of tree species for use in buffer zone agroforestry, as a conservation strategy for threatened forest resources. A case study from the Budongo Forest buffer zone in Uganda is used to elaborate the process, where local communities applied a pair-wise ranking system to establish priority tree species and technologies for agroforestry. Maesopsis eminii, Vernonia amygdalina and Lasiodiscus mildbraedii were the top three species selected for integration into the buffer zone farms. Their selection refl ects the many good attributes experienced by farmers in the area, such as provision of timber, construction poles, and fi rewood. The most popular technologies were woodlots, boundary planting and shade trees (multistrata tree planting), in that order of priority. Areas for further research include an evaluation of the economic aspects of the species and technologies, on farm propagation and management protocols and markets for the tree products. Keywords: Buffer zone, Budongo forest, local communities, Agroforestry technologies, species selection Sélection d’arbres pour l’agroforesterie des zones-tampon: le cas de la forêt Budongo en Ouganda W. K. KASOLO et A. B. TEMU Cet article souligne l’importance d’une sélection précise d’espèces d’arbres en vue de leur utilisation dans l’agroforesterie des zones- tampons.
    [Show full text]
  • Etude Florisitique D'une Végétation Naturelle En Anthropise: Cas De La
    UNIVERSITE DE KISANGANI CENTRE UNIVERSITAIRE EXTENSION DE BUKAVU C.U.B B.P. 570 BUKAVU FACULTE DES SCIENCES ETUDE FLORISTIQUE D’UNE VEGETATION NATURELLE EN MILIEU ANTHROPISE : CAS DE LA FORMATION ARBUSTIVE XEROPHILE DE CIBINDA, AU NORD DE BUKAVU Par Chantal KABOYI Nzabandora Mémoire présenté et défendu en vue de L’obtention du grade de Licence en Sciences Option : Biologie Orientation : Phytosociologie et Taxonomie végétale Directeur : Prof. Dr Jean-Baptiste Dhetchuvi Matchu-Mandje Année académique 2003-2004 II DEDICACE A nos très chers parents, Joseph NZABANDORA et Florence KOFIMOJA, pour tant d’amour et de sacrifice consentis dans notre parcours terrestre et dont l’aboutissement de nos études universitaires demeure un des témoignages les plus éloquents que nous n’ayons jamais eu dans la vie ; A notre charmante sœur jumelle Julienne BASEKE avec qui, de par notre existence, nous avons été faites pour partager une vie inséparable et chaleureuse ; A nos petits frères et sœurs, pour tant d’amour et de respect qu’ils n’on cessé de témoigner à notre égard, que ce travail soit pour vous un exemple à suivre ; A notre futur époux et nos futurs enfants pour l’amour, l’attente et la compréhension qui nous caractériseront toujours. III AVANT-PROPOS Au terme de notre parcours universitaire, il nous est un agréable devoir de formuler nos vifs remerciements à tous ceux qui, de près ou de loin, ont contribué à notre formation tant morale qu'intellectuelle. Nos sincères remerciements s'adressent, tout d'abord, aux autorités académiques, administratives ainsi qu'aux professeurs, chefs de travaux et assistants du Centre Universitaire Extension de Bukavu (CUB), pour toutes les théories apprises tout au long de notre séjour en son sein.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Tree Persistence, Elephants, and Stem Scars1
    BIOTROPICA 36(4): 505±521 2004 Forest Tree Persistence, Elephants, and Stem Scars1 Douglas Sheil and Agus Salim Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 6596 JKPWB, Jakarta 10065, Indonesia ABSTRACT Sixteen percent of tree stems 10 cm diameter or greater recorded in seven 1 ha plots in Rabongo Forest, Uganda had stem damage attributable to elephants (Loxodonta africana). We propose four strategies that may help tree species persist under these conditions: repellence, resistance, tolerance and avoidance. We sought and found evidence for each strategy. Large, shade-tolerant Cynometra alexandri dominated basal area (often .50%) and showed severe scarring. Nearly 80 percent of stems were small pioneer species. Scarring frequency and intensity increased with stem size. Stem-size distributions declined steeply, implying a high mortality to growth rate ratio. Tree species with spiny stems or with known toxic bark defenses were unscarred. Epiphytic ®gs escaped damage while at small sizes. Mid-successional tree species were scarce and appeared sensitive to elephants. Savanna species were seldom scarred. Taking stem size- effects into account by using a per-stem logistic modeling approach, scarring became more probable with slower growth and with increasing species abundance, and also varied with location. Pioneer and shade-bearer guilds showed a de®cit of intermediate-sized stems. Evidence that selective elephant damage is responsible for monodominant C. alexandri forests remains equivocal; however, elephants do in¯uence tree diversity, forest structure, and the wider landscape. Key words: African semi-deciduous rain forest; bark damage; Cynometra alexandri; herbivory; Loxodonta africana; monodominant; species richness; succession; tolerance; Uganda. TREE DAMAGE CAUSED BY ELEPHANTS (LOXODONTA AF- size, is long-lived (Sheil et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa's Gulf of Guinea Forests: Biodiversity Patterns and Conservation Priorities
    Advances in Applied Biodiversity Science, no. 6 AABSAdvances in Applied Biodiversity Science Number 6 Africa’s Gulf of Guinea Forests: Africa’s Gulf of Guinea Forests:Biodiversity Patterns and Conservation Africa’s Biodiversity Patterns and Conservation Priorities John F. Oates, Richard A. Bergl, and Joshua M. Linder Priorities C Conservation International ONSERVATION 1919 M Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20036 TEL: 202-912-1000 FAX: 202-912-0772 I NTERNATIONAL ISBN 1-881173-82-8 WEB: www.conservation.org 9 0 0 0 0> www.biodiversityscience.org 9781881173823 About the Authors John F. Oates is a CABS Research Fellow, Professor of Anthropology at Hunter College, City University of New York (CUNY), and a Senior Conservation Advisor to the Africa program of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). He is cur- rently advising WCS on biodiversity conservation projects in eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. Dr. Oates has conducted research on the ecology of forest primates in Africa and Asia since 1966, and has assisted with the development of rainforest protected areas in South India and West Africa. He has published extensively on primate biology and conservation and, as an active member of the IUCN-SSC Primate Specialist Group, has compiled conservation action plans for African primates. He holds a PhD from the University of London. Richard A. Bergl is a doctoral student in anthropology at the CUNY Graduate Center, in the graduate training program of the New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP). He is currently conducting research into the population and habitat viability of the Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) in Nigeria and Cameroon.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae
    Blumea 61, 2016: 51–58 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916X691402 Didelotia korupensis and Tessmannia korupensis (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), two new tree species from Korup National Park in Cameroon X.M. van der Burgt1 Key words Abstract Two new tree species, Didelotia korupensis and Tessmannia korupensis (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioi­ deae), are described and illustrated. Didelotia korupensis is the 12th species in the genus. It is an understory tree Africa to 15 m tall with an often leaning stem to 30(–53) cm diam. Didelotia korupensis is only known from an area of Detarieae c. 4 km2 in and near the permanent plots along the P transect in the southern part of Korup National Park in Cam- endangered eroon, where 51 trees have been recorded so far. Didelotia korupensis is assessed according to IUCN criteria as Fabaceae Endangered. Tessmannia korupensis is the 13th species in the genus. It is a canopy tree to 39 m tall with a stem IUCN to 105 cm diam. Tessmannia korupensis is known from seven groups of trees of 9 to 43 trees each, in and near rain forest the permanent plots along the P transect in the southern part of Korup National Park and from a single collection taxonomy made in the lowland rain forest near Mt Cameroon. Tessmannia korupensis is assessed according to IUCN criteria as Endangered. Published on 29 March 2016 INTRODUCTION in the Legume family. Alpine-style tree climbing techniques were applied to collect the higher trees. These collecting efforts Korup National Park in Cameroon is completely covered in tro- further increased in 2003, when a second large permanent plot pical evergreen rain forest; predominantly lowland rain forest, was established to the NW of the P plot, the 56.25 ha ‘NW plot’ with small patches of sub-montane rain forest on the summits of (Newbery et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution to the Biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with Special Emphasis on the African Species
    Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian I Promotor: Prof. Dr. Ir. L.J.G. van der Maesen Hoogleraar Plantentaxonomie Wageningen Universiteit Co-promotor Dr. F.T. Bakker Universitair Docent, leerstoelgroep Biosystematiek Wageningen Universiteit Overige leden: Prof. Dr. E. Robbrecht, Universiteit van Antwerpen en Nationale Plantentuin, Meise, België Prof. Dr. E. Smets Universiteit Leiden Prof. Dr. L.H.W. van der Plas Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. A.M. Cleef Wageningen Universiteit Dr. Ir. R.H.M.J. Lemmens Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, WUR Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen de onderzoekschool Biodiversiteit. II Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. M.J. Kropff in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 26 juni 2006 des namiddags te 16.00 uur in de Aula III Sattarian, A. (2006) PhD thesis Wageningen University, Wageningen ISBN 90-8504-445-6 Key words: Taxonomy of Celti s, morphology, micromorphology, phylogeny, molecular systematics, Ulmaceae and Celtidaceae, revision of African Celtis This study was carried out at the NHN-Wageningen, Biosystematics Group, (Generaal Foulkesweg 37, 6700 ED Wageningen), Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. IV To my parents my wife (Forogh) and my children (Mohammad Reza, Mobina) V VI Contents ——————————— Chapter 1 - General Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 - Evolutionary Relationships of Celtidaceae ..................................................................... 7 R. VAN VELZEN; F.T. BAKKER; A. SATTARIAN & L.J.G. VAN DER MAESEN Chapter 3 - Phylogenetic Relationships of African Celtis (Celtidaceae) ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • View Full Text-PDF
    Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. 4(10), 1-30 (2017) International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology Volume 4 ● Number 10 (October-2017) ● ISSN: 2349-8080 (Online) Journal homepage: www.ijcrbp.com Original Research Article doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2017.410.001 Plant Woody Diversity of the Highest Summit Forest (1156 m), in the Kala Massif, Western Yaoundé Stéphane Nazaire Madiapevo1*, Junelle Makemteu2 and Emmanuel Noumi3 1The University of Bangui, Centrafrique Republic 2Doctor, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé 3Plant Laboratory, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P. O. Box, 47, Yaoundé *Corresponding author. A bs t r ac t Article Info The purpose of this study was to evaluate the floristic affinities and the Accepted: 02 September 2017 phytogeographical spread of the woody vegetation on the Kala summit in the Kala Available Online: 06 October 2017 massif and to establish their qualitative and quantitative differences by comparing with other forested areas of the tropical regions of the world. Different analysis were based on a comparison of lists of tree species with dbh ≥10cm, inventoried in 1.5-ha K e yw or ds rectangular plots established in the submontane forest at altitudes >1000m. Woody Cameroon plants of diameter lower than 10cm were maintained to be used later for comparison. Flora diversity The floristic list for Kala summit used for this analysis contained 4411 individuals dbh Kala massif ≥1cm belonging to 210 species and regrouped into 46 families. Among this 1843 trees Kala summit dbh ≥10cm belonging to 194 species and 44 families.
    [Show full text]
  • Vital but Vulnerable: Climate Change Vulnerability and Human Use of Wildlife in Africa’S Albertine Rift
    Vital but vulnerable: Climate change vulnerability and human use of wildlife in Africa’s Albertine Rift J.A. Carr, W.E. Outhwaite, G.L. Goodman, T.E.E. Oldfield and W.B. Foden Occasional Paper for the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 48 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the compilers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organizations. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2013 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Carr, J.A., Outhwaite, W.E., Goodman, G.L., Oldfield, T.E.E. and Foden, W.B. 2013. Vital but vulnerable: Climate change vulnerability and human use of wildlife in Africa’s Albertine Rift. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 48. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xii + 224pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1591-9 Front cover: A Burundian fisherman makes a good catch. © R. Allgayer and A. Sapoli. Back cover: © T. Knowles Available from: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Publications Services Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel +41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0020 [email protected] www.iucn.org/publications Also available at http://www.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/SSC-OP-048.pdf About IUCN IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Kamalebo Etal 2019 Africanjo
    Received: 7 December 2017 | Revised: 15 October 2018 | Accepted: 17 January 2019 DOI: 10.1111/aje.12595 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Host plants and edaphic factors influence the distribution and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal fruiting bodies within rainforests from Tshopo, Democratic Republic of the Congo Héritier Milenge Kamalebo1,2 | Hippolyte Nshimba Seya Wa Malale1 | Cephas Masumbuko Ndabaga3 | Léon Nsharwasi Nabahungu4 | Jérôme Degreef5,6 | André De KeseL5 1Faculté des sciences, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, D R Congo Abstract 2Centre de Recherches Universitaires du Ectomycorrhizal fungi constitute an important component of forest ecosystems that Kivu (CERUKI)/ISP, Bukavu, D R Congo enhances plant nutrition and resistance against stresses. Diversity of ectomycorrhi‐ 3Faculté des sciences, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, D R Congo zal (EcM) fungi is, however, affected by host plant diversity and soil heterogeneity. 4International Institute of Tropical This study provides information about the influence of host plants and soil resources Agriculture, IITA‐Kalambo, Bukavu, D R on the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal fruiting bodies from rainforests of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo. Based on the presence of fungal fruiting bodies, 5Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgique 6Fédération Wallonie‐Bruxelles, Service significant differences in the number of ectomycorrhizal fungi species existed be‐ Général de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de tween forest stand types (p < 0.001). The most ectomycorrhizal species‐rich forest la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium was the Gilbertiodendron dewevrei‐dominated forest (61 species). Of all 93 species of Correspondence ectomycorrhizal fungi, 19 demonstrated a significant indicator value for particular Héritier Milenge Kamalebo, Faculté des sciences, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, forest stand types.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of the Budongo Forest Redtail: Patterns of Habitat Use and Population Density in Primary and Regenerating Forest Sites
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Legacy Theses 2000 Ecology of the Budongo forest redtail: patterns of habitat use and population density in primary and regenerating forest sites Sheppard, Donna J. Sheppard, D. J. (2000). Ecology of the Budongo forest redtail: patterns of habitat use and population density in primary and regenerating forest sites (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/17806 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/40595 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Ecology of the Budongo Forest Redtail: Patterns of Habitat Use and Population Density in Primary and Regenerating Forest Sites. Donna J Sheppard A THESIS SUBMITTED TO TIEFACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHFtOPOLOGY CALGARY, ALBERTA AUGUST, 2000 O Donna J Sheppard 2000 National Library Bibliothbque nationale 161 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, preter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats.
    [Show full text]