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Multi?Host Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Are Predominant in a Guinean Tropical
Environmental Microbiology (2010) 12(8), 2219–2232 doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02183.x Multi-host ectomycorrhizal fungi are predominant in a Guinean tropical rainforest and shared between canopy trees and seedlingsemi_2183 2219..2232 Abdala Gamby Diédhiou,1,2*† Marc-André Selosse,3 lings harboured a similar fungal community. These Antoine Galiana,1 Moussa Diabaté,1,4 findings suggest that there was a potential for the Bernard Dreyfus,1 Amadou Moustapha Bâ,1,5 formation of common mycorrhizal networks in close Sergio Miana de Faria6 and Gilles Béna1 vicinity. However, no significant difference was 1Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et detected for the d13C and d15N values between seed- Méditerranéennes, UMR113 – INRA/AGRO- lings and adults of each ECM plant, and no ECM M/CIRAD/IRD/UM2 – TA10/J, Campus International de species exhibited signatures of mixotrophy. Our Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. results revealed (i) variation in ECM fungal diversity 2Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, according to the seedling versus adult development IRD/UCAD/ISRA, BP 1386 Dakar, Sénégal. stage of trees and (ii) low host specificity of ECM 3Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS, fungi, and indicated that multi-host fungi are more UMR 5175), Equipe Interactions Biotiques, 1919 Route abundant than single-host fungi in this forest stand. de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. 4Institut de Recherche Agronomique de Guinée, Division Introduction des Cultures Pérennes, Programme Recherche Forestière, BP 1523, Conakry, République de Guinée. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis involves soil fungi and 5Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétales, tree roots. It provides mineral nutrients, water and protec- Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université tion against pathogens to the plant which, as a reward, des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 592, 97159 provides carbon to its fungal partner (Smith and Read, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France. -
Africa's Gulf of Guinea Forests: Biodiversity Patterns and Conservation Priorities
Advances in Applied Biodiversity Science, no. 6 AABSAdvances in Applied Biodiversity Science Number 6 Africa’s Gulf of Guinea Forests: Africa’s Gulf of Guinea Forests:Biodiversity Patterns and Conservation Africa’s Biodiversity Patterns and Conservation Priorities John F. Oates, Richard A. Bergl, and Joshua M. Linder Priorities C Conservation International ONSERVATION 1919 M Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20036 TEL: 202-912-1000 FAX: 202-912-0772 I NTERNATIONAL ISBN 1-881173-82-8 WEB: www.conservation.org 9 0 0 0 0> www.biodiversityscience.org 9781881173823 About the Authors John F. Oates is a CABS Research Fellow, Professor of Anthropology at Hunter College, City University of New York (CUNY), and a Senior Conservation Advisor to the Africa program of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). He is cur- rently advising WCS on biodiversity conservation projects in eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. Dr. Oates has conducted research on the ecology of forest primates in Africa and Asia since 1966, and has assisted with the development of rainforest protected areas in South India and West Africa. He has published extensively on primate biology and conservation and, as an active member of the IUCN-SSC Primate Specialist Group, has compiled conservation action plans for African primates. He holds a PhD from the University of London. Richard A. Bergl is a doctoral student in anthropology at the CUNY Graduate Center, in the graduate training program of the New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP). He is currently conducting research into the population and habitat viability of the Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) in Nigeria and Cameroon. -
Flora 4.34MB
Baseline Vegetation and Flora Assessment, Yaligimba Concession, Feronia, DRC. Prepared by Leigh-Ann de Wet (M.Sc., Pri. Sci. Nat) For Digby Wells and Associates (International) Limited (Subsidiary of Digby Wells & Associates (Pty) Ltd) November 2015 LD Biodiversity Consulting Biodiversity Assessments, Baseline surveys and Impact Assessments and Integrated Management Solutions. www.ldbiodiversity.co.za [email protected] 083 352 1936 LD Biodiversity Consulting i Yaligimba Concession, Feronia This report should be cited as: L. de Wet (2014). Baseline Vegetation and Flora Assessment, Yaligimba Concession, Feronia, DRC. LD Biodiversity Consulting. Appointment of Specialist Leigh-Ann de Wet (LD Biodiversity Consulting) was commissioned by Digby Wells and Associates (International) Limited (Subsidiary of Digby Wells & Associates (Pty) Ltd) to undertake a vegetation and flora assessment along High Conservation Value Assessment goals (HCVRN 2014). Terms of reference were to review all information available on vegetation and flora of the region, as well as applying knowledge gained from a further brief site visit. Determinations of possible impacts associated with the existing plantation as well comments on High Conservation Value were also required. Details of Specialist Leigh-Ann de Wet LD Biodiversity Consulting Telephone: 083 352 1936 e-mail: [email protected] Expertise of the specialist M.Sc. in Botany from Rhodes University. Registered Professional Natural Scientist with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professionals (Ecological Science). Registered with RSPO as a certified High Conservation Value Assessor (Plants), since 2011. Founded LD Biodiversity Consulting in 2014. Ecological Consultant since 2009. Conducted, or have been involved in over 100 Ecological Impact Assessments, Baseline surveys, Biodiversity Action Plans and Offset Plans throughout Africa. -
Tropical Legume Trees and Their Soil-Mineral Microbiome: Biogeochemistry and Routes to Enhanced Mineral Access
Tropical legume trees and their soil-mineral microbiome: biogeochemistry and routes to enhanced mineral access A thesis submitted by Dimitar Zdravkov Epihov in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield October 29th, 2018 1 © Copyright by Dimitar Zdravkov Epihov, 2018. All rights reserved. 2 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my academic superivising team including Professor David J. Beerling and Professor Jonathan R. Leake for their guidance and support throughout my PhD studies as well as the European Research Council (ERC) for funding my project. Secondly, I would like to thank my girlfriend, Gabriela, my parents, Zdravko and Mariyana, and my grandmother Gina, for always believing in me. My biggest gratitude goes for my girlfriend for always putting up with working ridiculous hours and for helping me during field work even if it meant getting stuck in the Australian jungle at night and stumbling across a well-grown python. I would also want to express my thanks to my first ever Biology teacher Mrs Moskova for inspiring and nurturing the interest that grew to be a life-lasting passion, curiousity and love towards all things living. Lastly, I would like to thank Irene Johnson, our laboratory manager and senior technician for always been there for advice, help and general cheering up as well as all other great scientists and collaborators I have had the chance to talk to and work with during my PhD project. I devote this work to a future with more green in it. -
Co-Dominant Detarioideae (Leguminosae) Tree Species in the Rain Forests of Korup National Park, Cameroon
Critical Appraisal Co-dominant Detarioideae (Leguminosae) tree species in the rain forests of Korup National Park, Cameroon Xander M. van der Burgt June 2018 This work is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Oxford Brookes University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy on the basis of published work. Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 3 Preface ............................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. The Leguminosae subfamily Detarioideae ............................................................ 5 1.2. Dominance of tree species in African tropical rain forests ................................... 5 1.3. The research programme ....................................................................................... 7 2. Korup National Park in Cameroon .............................................................................. 11 2.1. The rain forests of Korup National Park ............................................................. 11 2.2. Influences by past climate change and prehistoric inhabitants ........................... 11 2.3. Low levels of disturbance of rain forest in Korup National Park ....................... 13 3. The Detarioideae tree species in Korup National Park .............................................. -
Ectomycorrhizal Associations in the Tropics – Biogeography, Diversity Patterns and Ecosystem Roles
Review Tansley review Ectomycorrhizal associations in the tropics – biogeography, diversity patterns and ecosystem roles Author for correspondence: Adriana Corrales1, Terry W. Henkel2 and Matthew E. Smith1 Adriana Corrales 1 2 Tel: +57 3022885147 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt Email: [email protected] State University, Arcata, CA 95521, USA Received: 1 December 2017 Accepted: 20 February 2018 Contents Summary 1076 VI. Beta diversity patterns in tropical ECM fungal communities 1082 I. Introduction 1076 VII. Conclusions and future research 1086 II. Historical overview 1077 Acknowledgements 1087 III. Identities and distributions of tropical ectomycorrhizal plants 1077 References 1087 IV. Dominance of tropical forests by ECM trees 1078 V. Biogeography of tropical ECM fungi 1081 Summary New Phytologist (2018) 220: 1076–1091 Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations were historically considered rare or absent from tropical doi: 10.1111/nph.15151 ecosystems. Although most tropical forests are dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees, ECM associations are widespread and found in all tropical regions. Here, we highlight emerging Key words: altitudinal gradients, patterns of ECM biogeography, diversity and ecosystem functions, identify knowledge gaps, Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae, fungal diversity, and offer direction for future research. At the continental and regional scales, tropical ECM monodominance, nitrogen cycling, tropical systems are highly diverse and vary widely in ECM plant and fungal abundance, diversity, forest. composition and phylogenetic affinities. We found strong regional differences among the dominant host plant families, suggesting that biogeographical factors strongly influence tropical ECM symbioses. Both ECM plants and fungi also exhibit strong turnover along altitudinal and soil fertility gradients, suggesting niche differentiation among taxa. -
The Ecology of Trees in the Tropical Rain Forest
This page intentionally left blank The Ecology of Trees in the Tropical Rain Forest Current knowledge of the ecology of tropical rain-forest trees is limited, with detailed information available for perhaps only a few hundred of the many thousands of species that occur. Yet a good understanding of the trees is essential to unravelling the workings of the forest itself. This book aims to summarise contemporary understanding of the ecology of tropical rain-forest trees. The emphasis is on comparative ecology, an approach that can help to identify possible adaptive trends and evolutionary constraints and which may also lead to a workable ecological classification for tree species, conceptually simplifying the rain-forest community and making it more amenable to analysis. The organisation of the book follows the life cycle of a tree, starting with the mature tree, moving on to reproduction and then considering seed germi- nation and growth to maturity. Topics covered therefore include structure and physiology, population biology, reproductive biology and regeneration. The book concludes with a critical analysis of ecological classification systems for tree species in the tropical rain forest. IAN TURNERhas considerable first-hand experience of the tropical rain forests of South-East Asia, having lived and worked in the region for more than a decade. After graduating from Oxford University, he took up a lecturing post at the National University of Singapore and is currently Assistant Director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens. He has also spent time at Harvard University as Bullard Fellow, and at Kyoto University as Guest Professor in the Center for Ecological Research. -
Legume Phylogeny and Classification in the 21St Century: Progress, Prospects and Lessons for Other Species-Rich Clades
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades Legume Phylogeny Working Group ; Bruneau, Anne ; Doyle, Jeff J ; Herendeen, Patrick ; Hughes, Colin E ; Kenicer, Greg ; Lewis, Gwilym ; Mackinder, Barbara ; Pennington, R Toby ; Sanderson, Michael J ; Wojciechowski, Martin F ; Koenen, Erik Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-78167 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Legume Phylogeny Working Group; Bruneau, Anne; Doyle, Jeff J; Herendeen, Patrick; Hughes, Colin E; Kenicer, Greg; Lewis, Gwilym; Mackinder, Barbara; Pennington, R Toby; Sanderson, Michael J; Wojciechowski, Martin F; Koenen, Erik (2013). Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades. Taxon, 62(2):217-248. TAXON 62 (2) • April 2013: 217–248 LPWG • Legume phylogeny and classification REVIEWS Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: Progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades The Legume Phylogeny Working Group1 This paper was compiled by Anne Bruneau,2 Jeff J. Doyle,3 Patrick Herendeen,4 Colin Hughes,5 Greg Kenicer,6 Gwilym Lewis,7 Barbara Mackinder,6,7 R. Toby Pennington,6 Michael J. Sanderson8 and Martin F. Wojciechowski9 who were equally responsible and listed here in alphabetical order only, with contributions from Stephen Boatwright,10 Gillian Brown,11 Domingos Cardoso,12 Michael Crisp,13 Ashley Egan,14 Renée H. Fortunato,15 Julie Hawkins,16 Tadashi Kajita,17 Bente Klitgaard,7 Erik Koenen,5 Matt Lavin18, Melissa Luckow,3 Brigitte Marazzi,8 Michelle M. -
Phylogenetic Distribution and Evolution of Mycorrhizas in Land Plants
Mycorrhiza (2006) 16: 299–363 DOI 10.1007/s00572-005-0033-6 REVIEW B. Wang . Y.-L. Qiu Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants Received: 22 June 2005 / Accepted: 15 December 2005 / Published online: 6 May 2006 # Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract A survey of 659 papers mostly published since plants (Pirozynski and Malloch 1975; Malloch et al. 1980; 1987 was conducted to compile a checklist of mycorrhizal Harley and Harley 1987; Trappe 1987; Selosse and Le Tacon occurrence among 3,617 species (263 families) of land 1998;Readetal.2000; Brundrett 2002). Since Nägeli first plants. A plant phylogeny was then used to map the my- described them in 1842 (see Koide and Mosse 2004), only a corrhizal information to examine evolutionary patterns. Sev- few major surveys have been conducted on their phyloge- eral findings from this survey enhance our understanding of netic distribution in various groups of land plants either by the roles of mycorrhizas in the origin and subsequent diver- retrieving information from literature or through direct ob- sification of land plants. First, 80 and 92% of surveyed land servation (Trappe 1987; Harley and Harley 1987;Newman plant species and families are mycorrhizal. Second, arbus- and Reddell 1987). Trappe (1987) gathered information on cular mycorrhiza (AM) is the predominant and ancestral type the presence and absence of mycorrhizas in 6,507 species of of mycorrhiza in land plants. Its occurrence in a vast majority angiosperms investigated in previous studies and mapped the of land plants and early-diverging lineages of liverworts phylogenetic distribution of mycorrhizas using the classifi- suggests that the origin of AM probably coincided with the cation system by Cronquist (1981). -
Fossil Legume Woods of the Prioria-Clade
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 246 (2017) 44–61 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Fossil legume woods of the Prioria-clade (subfamily Detarioideae) from the lower Miocene (early to mid-Burdigalian) part of the Cucaracha Formation of Panama (Central America) and their systematic and palaeoecological implications Oris Rodríguez-Reyes a,b,d,⁎, Peter Gasson c,HowardJ.Falcon-Langd, Margaret E. Collinson d a Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama b Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Panamá, Panama c Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK d Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK article info abstract Article history: Three fossil wood specimens are described from the Miocene (early to mid-Burdigalian) part of the Cucaracha Received 26 August 2016 Formation of Panama, Central America. The calcareously-permineralised fossils, which contain Teredolites bor- Received in revised form 9 June 2017 ings, occur in erosive-based pebbly conglomerate lenses, interpreted as tidally-influenced fluvial channel de- Accepted 15 June 2017 posits. Detailed investigation of fossil wood anatomy reveals features characteristic of the Prioria-clade, a Available online 19 June 2017 supergenus of the legume subfamily, Detarioideae. Based on quantitative comparison with extant material in the micromorphology slide collection at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the fossil material is referred to two Keywords: South America new species, Prioria hodgesii sp. nov. and Prioria canalensis sp. nov. Facies data imply that these new taxa may Panama isthmus have occupied a similar ecological niche to the extant Prioria copaifera, a saline-tolerant tropical genus that Inside Wood forms wetland gallery forests along tidal estuaries in Panama today. -
Patterns of Distribution and Endemism of Plants in the Cameroon Mountains
Patterns of Distribution and Endemism of Plants in the Cameroon Mountains TroPEG Cameroon TroPEG Cameroon TroPEG Cameroon TroPEG Cameroon TroPEG Cameroon TroPEG Cameroon Patterns of Distribution and Endemism of Plants in the Cameroon Mountains-TroPEG 2016 Page i TroPEG Cameroon TroPEG Cameroon TroPEG Cameroon TroPEG Cameroon TroPEG Cameroon TroPEG Cameroon Patterns of Distribution and Endemism of Plants in the Cameroon Mountains-TroPEG 2016 Page ii Patterns of Distribution and Endemism of Plants in the Cameroon Mountains A case study of Protected Areas in Cameroon: Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve (RHFR) and the Kimbi Fungom National Park (KFNP). Technical Report Submitted to the Rufford Small Grant Foundation, UK By Sainge Nsanyi Moses Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG) Cameroon P.O. Box 18 Mundemba, South West Region, Cameroon January 2016 Patterns of Distribution and Endemism of Plants in the Cameroon Mountains-TroPEG 2016 Page iii To cite this work: M. N. Sainge, 2016. Patterns of distribution and Endemism of Plants in the Cameroon Mountains: A case study of Protected Areas in Cameroon: Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve (RHFR) and the Kimbi Fungom National Park (KFNP). Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG) Cameroon. Author: M. N. Sainge Title: Patterns of distribution and Endemism of Plants in the Cameroon Mountains Subtitle: A case study of Protected Areas in Cameroon: Rumpi Hills Forest Reserve (RHFR) and the Kimbi Fungom National Park (KFNP). Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG) Cameroon P.O. Box 18 Mundemba, Ndian, Southwest Region [email protected], [email protected] (+237) 677513599 Edited by: Ngoh Michael Lyonga and Benedicta Jailughe Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG) Cameroon Patterns of Distribution and Endemism of Plants in the Cameroon Mountains-TroPEG 2016 Page iv Acknowledgement We recognize the sponsorship of the Rufford Small Grant Foundation (RSG), UK; this piece of work would not have been realised without this funding (RSG reference 16712-B). -
Phylogenomics Within the Anthonotha Clade (Detarioideae
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/511949; this version posted January 4, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Phylogenomics within the Anthonotha clade (Detarioideae, Leguminosae) reveals a high 2 diversity in floral trait shifts and a general trend towards organ number reduction 3 4 Dario I. Ojeda1,2,6*, Erik Koenen3, Sandra Cervantes1, Manuel de la Estrella4,5, Eulalia Banguera- 5 Hinestroza6, Steven B. Janssens7, Jeremy Migliore6, Boris Demenou6, Anne Bruneau8, Félix Forest4 6 and Olivier J. Hardy6 7 8 1Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 9 Oulu FIN-90014, Finland 10 2Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1430 Ås, Norway 11 3Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland 12 4Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Richmond, 13 TW9 3DS, UK 14 5Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de 15 Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain 16 6Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, CP 160/12, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de 17 Bruxelles, Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 18 7Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, BE-1860 Meise, Belgium 19 8Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de 20 Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 * Corresponding author: [email protected], Tel: +47 47633227 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/511949; this version posted January 4, 2019.