Write About NURJAHAN JUNTA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Write about NURJAHAN JUNTA Ans: The original name of Nur Jahan was Mehrunnisa. Nur Jahan was daughter of Mirza Ghias Beg, a native of Tehran. Her father came to India and sought employment at the court of Akbar. Mehrunnisa was a charming, beautiful and intelligent girl. She was married to an Iranian called Ali Quli Khan who was given title of Sher-i- Afghan by Jahangir on account of his courage and bravery. In 1607 Ali Quli was murdered in a quarrel with Qutubuddin khan the governor of Bengal. In 1611, Jahangir married Mehrunisa and named her Nur Mahal and later Nur Jahan. Jahangir was so much in love with her that he granted all her wishes. Soon she got her father and brother Asaf Khan appointed to very high posts. Mirza Ghiyas Beg was given the title of Itmad-ud-Daulah (Piller of the State) by Jahangir in 1605. Asaf Khan was appointed grand Wazir (minister) to Jahangir. Nur Jahan formed a group of her family members known as ‘JUNTA’ . This group included Nur Jahan, her father Mirza Gayas Beigh, her brother Asaf Khan and prince Khurram. The Junta managed Jahangir, all the powers and administration was controlled by this group. Because all the powes were vested in the hands of Nurjahan and her Junta, She signed Royal Farmans (Orders). For many years, she effectively wielded imperial power and was recognized as the real force behind the Mughal throne. She even gave audiences at her palace and the ministers consulted with her on most matters. Jahangir even permitted coinage to be struck in her name, something that traditionally defined sovereignty. Nur jhan was responsible to some extent for the moral degeneration of Jahangir. He lost interest in administration. He spent most of his time drinking wine. She is known as one of the most powerful women who ruled India with an iron fist. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Mughal Paintings of Hunt with Their Aristocracy
Arts and Humanities Open Access Journal Research Article Open Access Mughal paintings of hunt with their aristocracy Abstract Volume 3 Issue 1 - 2019 Mughal emperor from Babur to Dara Shikoh there was a long period of animal hunting. Ashraful Kabir The founder of Mughal dynasty emperor Babur (1526-1530) killed one-horned Department of Biology, Saidpur Cantonment Public College, rhinoceros and wild ass. Then Akbar (1556-1605) in his period, he hunted wild ass Nilphamari, Bangladesh and tiger. He trained not less than 1000 Cheetah for other animal hunting especially bovid animals. Emperor Jahangir (1606-1627) killed total 17167 animals in his period. Correspondence: Ashraful Kabir, Department of Biology, He killed 1672 Antelope-Deer-Mountain Goats, 889 Bluebulls, 86 Lions, 64 Rhinos, Saidpur Cantonment Public College, Nilphamari, Bangladesh, 10348 Pigeons, 3473 Crows, and 10 Crocodiles. Shahjahan (1627-1658) who lived 74 Email years and Dara Shikoh (1657-1658) only killed Bluebull and Nur Jahan killed a tiger only. After study, the Mughal paintings there were Butterfly, Fish, Bird, and Mammal. Received: December 30, 2018 | Published: February 22, 2019 Out of 34 animal paintings, birds and mammals were each 16. In Mughal pastime there were some renowned artists who involved with these paintings. Abdus Samad, Mir Sayid Ali, Basawan, Lal, Miskin, Kesu Das, Daswanth, Govardhan, Mushfiq, Kamal, Fazl, Dalchand, Hindu community and some Mughal females all were habituated to draw paintings. In observed animals, 12 were found in hunting section (Rhino, Wild Ass, Tiger, Cheetah, Antelope, Spotted Deer, Mountain Goat, Bluebull, Lion, Pigeon, Crow, Crocodile), 35 in paintings (Butterfly, Fish, Falcon, Pigeon, Crane, Peacock, Fowl, Dodo, Duck, Bustard, Turkey, Parrot, Kingfisher, Finch, Oriole, Hornbill, Partridge, Vulture, Elephant, Lion, Cow, Horse, Squirrel, Jackal, Cheetah, Spotted Deer, Zebra, Buffalo, Bengal Tiger, Camel, Goat, Sheep, Antelope, Rabbit, Oryx) and 6 in aristocracy (Elephant, Horse, Cheetah, Falcon, Peacock, Parrot.
[Show full text]
Module 3 Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb Who Was the Successor of Jahangir
Module 3 Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb Who was the successor of Jahangir? Who was the last most power full ruler in the Mughal dynasty? What was the administrative policy of Aurangzeb? The main causes of Downfall of Mughal Empire. Shah Jahan was the successor of Jahangir and became emperor of Delhi in 1627. He followed the policy of his ancestor and campaigns continued in the Deccan under his supervision. The Afghan noble Khan Jahan Lodi rebelled and was defeated. The campaigns were launched against Ahmadnagar, The Bundelas were defeated and Orchha seized. He also launched campaigns to seize Balkh from the Uzbegs was successful and Qandhar was lost to the Safavids. In 1632Ahmadnagar was finally annexed and the Bijapur forces sued for peace. Shah Jahan commissioned the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal marks the apex of the Mughal Empire; it symbolizes stability, power and confidence. The building is a mausoleum built by Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz and it has come to symbolize the love between two people. Jahan's selection of white marble and the overall concept and design of the mausoleum give the building great power and majesty. Shah Jahan brought together fresh ideas in the creation of the Taj. Many of the skilled craftsmen involved in the construction were drawn from the empire. Many also came from other parts of the Islamic world - calligraphers from Shiraz, finial makers from Samrkand, and stone and flower cutters from Bukhara. By Jahan's period the capital had moved to the Red Fort in Delhi. Shah Jahan had these lines inscribed there: "If there is Paradise on earth, it is here, it is here." Paradise it may have been, but it was a pricey paradise.
[Show full text]
History Notes Sources of Ancient History
History Notes Sources of Ancient History Literary Archaeological Accounts of foreign Sources Sources travellers and writers Greek Painting & Idols Authors Religious Secular Sangam Articles from excavations Chinese literature literature literature Coins travellers Monuments and Inscriptions writers Brahman Buddhist Jain and Vedic Lit. Literature Literature Mohammadan Indigenous Foreign writers •Vedas •Brahman •Tripitak • Angas Non-Historical Historical •Arnyak •Vedang •Jatak •Upangas Literature Literature •Upanishad •Sutra •Pali •Prakirna •Smriti •Puranas •Sanskrit •Chhed Sutra •Arthashastra • Rajta rangini •Mahakavya(Epic) lit. and others •Astadhyayee • Ramcharit and others •M ahabhashya • Arthashastra: It is the analysis of political and economic conditions of the Mauryas, composed by Kautilya • Inscriptions either on stone or on metal plates are old (Chanakya). records of Ancient India. The study of inscriptions is called • Mudrarakshasa: It tells about the establishment of the epigraphy. Maurya dynasty, the fall of Nanda, Ramgupta, etc. • Coins: The study of coins is called numismatics. • Rajtarangini: It was written by Kalhana in 12th century A.D. It – The Punch Mark Coins (silver & copper) are the earliest is about the rulers of Kashmir. It is considered the, “first coins of India. historical book of India.” • Monuments: Monuments reflect the material prosperity • Foreign travellers: wrote about the information of India. For and development of culture e.g. Taxshila monuments about examples – Kushans and Stupas, Chaityas and Vihars about Maurya. Megasthenes: He wrote book, “INDICA” about the dynasty • Vedas: Vedas point out features and development of of Maurya. different dynasties, e.g. Rigveda deals about Archery and Fahien: He wrote about the Gupta Emperor. known as “The first testament of mankind.” Hieun-Tsang: He wrote about the Buddhist record of the western world during period of Harshavardhan.
[Show full text]
Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings
An example of this last category could be “Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaikh to Kings” (fig. 10).7 At the center is Jahangir enthroned, his physiognomy in the strict profile known from many paintings and even — quite unusually — from gold coins. His head is the only one to be surrounded by a halo, and he is slight- ly larger than the other figures, a phenomenon that is called hierarchical or significance perspective. He is extending a book to Shaykh Husayn of the Chishti order, which played an essential role in the life of the imperial family. Below is an imaginary depiction of an Ottoman sultan, presumably inspired by a Euro- pean model, and in front is a portrait of King James I, copied directly from a contemporary painting brought to India by the English ambassador, Thom- as Roe. At the lower left-hand corner, Bichitr placed a portrait of himself, a custom that became common in the ensuing years, though often with these artist portraits more modestly included in the imperial of the same event from the time of Bahadur Shah (r. made at the Muslim courts could be harrowing in albums as margin decorations.8 A painting like this 1707–1712).10 their realism if the patron wished, and similar hor- one can be viewed as a kind of sophisticated propa- Jahangir, whose character is also familiar from rifying depictions from battlefields are also found in ganda, and this was true to an even greater extent in his autobiography, Jahangirnama or Tuzuk-i Jahangiri, some of the historical manuscripts of the period (e.g.
[Show full text]
The Great Mughal Empire (1526-1707)
THE GREAT MUGHAL EMPIRE (152 6-1707) THE GREAT MUGHAL EMPERORS EMPEROR REIGN START REIGN END BABUR 1526 1530 HUMAYUN 1530 1556 AKBAR 1556 1605 JAHANGIR 1605 1627 SHAH JAHAN 1627 1658 AURANGZEB 1658 1707 BABUR Birth name:Zāhir ud-Dīn Maham Begum Mohammad Masumeh Begum Family name:Timurid Nargul Agacheh Title:Emperor of Mughal Sayyida Afaq Empire Zainab Sultan Begum Birth:February 14, 1483 Death:December 26, 1530 Children: Succeeded by:Humayun Humayun, son Marriage: Kamran Mirza, son Ayisheh Sultan Begum Askari Mirza, son Bibi Mubarika Yusufzay Hindal Mirza, son Dildar Begum Gulbadan Begum, daughter Gulnar Agacheh Fakhr-un-nisa, daughter Gulrukh Begum HUMANYUN Birth name: Nasiruddin Children: Akbar, son Humayun Muhammad Hakim, son Family name: Timurid Title: Emperor of Mughal Empire Birth: March 6, 1508 Place of birth: Kabul, Afghanistan Death: February 22, 1556 Succeeded by: Akbar Marriage: Hamida Banu Begum AKBAR Birth name: Jalaluddin Ruqayya Sultan Begum Muhammad Akbar Sakina Banu Begum Family name: Timurid Salima Sultan Begum Title: Emperor of Mughal Empire Children: Jahangir, son Shah Murad, son Birth: October 15, 1542 Danyal, son Place of birth: Umarkot, Shahzada Khanim, Sindh daughter Death: October 27, 1605 Shakarunnisa Begum, Succeeded by: Jahangir daughter Marriage: Jodhabai (?) or Aram Banu Begum, Jodhi Bibi daughter Mariam-uz-Zamani Ximini Begum, daughter JAHANGIR Birth name: Nuruddin Children: Nisar Begum, Jahangir daughter Family name: Timurid Khurasw, son Title: Emperor
[Show full text]
Power, Presents, and Persuasion: Early English Diplomacy with Mughal India
Power, Presents, and Persuasion: Early English Diplomacy with Mughal India ETHAN CARLSON It was the first of September in 1617 in the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire, consisting roughly of modern day India, Bengal, Pakistan, and much of Afghanistan, was ruled by the Mughal Dynasty, a powerful Muslim dynasty that ruled India for centuries. The first of September in 1617 was the celebration of the birthday of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Sir Thomas Roe, English Ambassador to the Mughal Court at the time, was in attendance. He entered a beautiful garden filled with flowers and trees with a pond in the center, a part of the palace where the ceremony was being held. All around the garden were beams, scales, and massive chains of gold, as well as countless rubies, turquoise, and other valuable stones. Into this scene entered Jahangir, covered from head to toe in diamonds, rubies, pearls, and other precious things. Sir Thomas Roe could only stand and marvel.1 After entering, Jahangir climbed onto one side of a giant set of scales. This was the ceremonial “weighing” of the Emperor. It occurred on every birthday and displayed the wealth of the Mughal Empire. On the other side of the scales various bags were heaped. First gold and jewels, then cloth of gold and silks, then spices, and so on in that fashion, until the bags had been changed a total of six times. As Jahangir, with garments, weighed roughly 250 lbs., the amount of wealth weighed at this time was immense. In fact, the amount of wealth displayed was so immense that even Roe doubted what he saw, and wondered if all the containers of the wares were truly filled with those items only and not augmented with rocks.2 This story serves to illustrate the complexity early European ambassadors faced in Asia.
[Show full text]
Sparavigna, A. (2015). Observations on the Orientation of Some Mughal Gardens. PHILICA.COM Article Number 455
Observations on the Orientation of Some Mughal Gardens Amelia Carolina Sparavigna (Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino) Published in enviro.philica.com Abstract The Mughal gardens are a typical form of landscape architecture developed by the Mughal Dynasty. These gardens had a style heavily influenced by the Persian gardens of charbagh structure, with a use of rectilinear layouts within walled enclosures. Here we propose some observations on the typical layout of these gardens and on the orientations and alignments of a few of them. Title: Observations on the Orientation of Some Mughal Gardens; Author: A.C. Sparavigna, DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Italy; Keywords: Landscape Architecture, Solar Orientation, Solstices, Urban Planning, Satellite Images, Google Earth. Introduction Respect and reverence for water and trees which, as told in a recent paper [1], were so strong in many ancient civilizations, assumed in Persia the architectural form of beautiful gardens, the Persian gardens. Their design influenced the layout of other gardens in the world, from those of Al-Andalus to the magnificent gardens of the Mughal Dynasty [2]. The oldest Persian garden that has been discovered dated to the Achaemenid Era (500-300 BC) [1]. It is that of Pasargadae, built around 500 BC, the outline of which is still visible today in satellite images. Under the influence of Zoroastrianism, the religion of Achaemenid, Parthian and Sasanian empires, the emphasis on the role of water constantly increased and the gardens were enriched with fountains and ponds [3]. During the Sasanian Era (AD 226-641), the Mandala design of the garden appeared [4].
[Show full text]
Role of Persians at the Mughal Court: a Historical
ROLE OF PERSIANS AT THE MUGHAL COURT: A HISTORICAL STUDY, DURING 1526 A.D. TO 1707 A.D. PH.D THESIS SUBMITTED BY, MUHAMMAD ZIAUDDIN SUPERVISOR: PROF. DR. MUNIR AHMED BALOCH IN THE AREA STUDY CENTRE FOR MIDDLE EAST & ARAB COUNTRIES UNIVERSITY OF BALOCHISTAN QUETTA, PAKISTAN. FOR THE FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY 2005 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE I, Muhammad Ziauddin, do solemnly declare that the Research Work Titled “Role of Persians at the Mughal Court: A Historical Study During 1526 A.D to 1707 A.D” is hereby submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy and it has not been submitted elsewhere for any Degree. The said research work was carried out by the undersigned under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Munir Ahmed Baloch, Director, Area Study Centre for Middle East & Arab Countries, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan. Muhammad Ziauddin CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Muhammad Ziauddin has worked under my supervision for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. His research work is original. He fulfills all the requirements to submit the accompanying thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Munir Ahmed Research Supervisor & Director Area Study Centre For Middle East & Arab Countries University of Balochistan Quetta, Pakistan. Prof. Dr. Mansur Akbar Kundi Dean Faculty of State Sciences University of Balochistan Quetta, Pakistan. d DEDICATED TO THE UNFORGETABLE MEMORIES OF LATE PROF. MUHAMMAD ASLAM BALOCH OF HISTORY DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF BALOCHISTAN, QUETTA PAKISTAN e ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all I must thank to Almighty Allah, who is so merciful and beneficent to all of us, and without His will we can not do anything; it is He who guide us to the right path, and give us sufficient knowledge and strength to perform our assigned duties.
[Show full text]
The Mughal Kings
Click Here For Integrated Guidance Programme http://upscportal.com/civilservices/online-course/integrated-free-guidance-programme CHAPTER - 4 THE MUGHAL KINGS Babur (1526-30) 15.In 1581 introduced Dah- sala system 1.Belonged to Cheghati section of the Turkish (important role of Todar Mal) race 16.Akbar’s empire was divided into 12 subas 2.Originally from Farghana (Trans – ociana). Born (1575). Later the number rose upto 15 (1605) in 1483 in the family of Taimur Jehangir (1605-27) 3.Was invited by mahmud Khan Lodi AND 1.Popular known as ‘Salim’ born at Lahore Ranasanga. in1569. • Founded a new capital city Fatehpur Sikri 2.Promulgated twelve edicts / ordinances for the (1572-80) which contains edifices of high general welfare and better government to mark quality like Buland Darwaja, Diwani-i- his coronation. Capital city was at Agra Khas, Turkish Sultan’s Palace, Panch Mahal etc. Agra and also Lahore served as 3.Lost the province if Kandhar to Persia. his capital cities. 4.Married Mehrunnisa (daughter of Mirza Ghiya • Akbar designed his mausoleum himself Beg) later known as Nuramahal& Nurjahan. which was constructed by Jahangir at 5.Formation of Junta( Clique) comprising Sikandara Nurjehan , her father Mirza Ghiyas Beg 4.A skilled musician and player of (Itimaud- Daula) her brother Asaf Khan ‘Naqqara’(Kettled drum) Jehangir’s eldest son and son-in-law of Asaf 5.Some of the great musicians like Tansen, Khan Khurram which practically played a Baba Ramdas and Baba Haridas adorned his decisive role in running the government for court many years. 6.The mode of calligraphy favourite to Akbar was 6.Coup of Mohabat Khan Took place that captured ‘ Nastaliq’.
[Show full text]
Dr. Rukhsana Iftikhar,; Cultural Contribution of Mughal Ladies, South Asian Studies
South Asian Studies A Research Journal of South Asian Studies Vol. 25, No. 2, July-December 2010, pp. 323-339 Cultural Contribution of Mughal Ladies Rukhsana Iftikhar University of the Punjab, Lahore ABSTRACT Hindustan was considered one of the regions which attained political and cultural strength during 16th and 17th centuries. Mughal dynasty had a lash green Central Asian cultural background enhanced the beauty of various cultural areans just like architecture, painting, dance and music etc. even Mughal women were the patrons of various cultural activites. This notion is very controversial that Mughal women who were very seculded how they could be the active participants of cultural ativities? First, Mughal ladies like Noor Jahan Jahanara, Zab-un-Nisa were educated women of age having their own libraries. Second, they consciously contributed in cultural life of that period. This paper identifies various cultural fields which were originated, financed and Iooked after by the Mughal women. KEY WORDS: Culture, Mughals, Sub-Continent, Ladies Introduction The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were witnessed by a flurry of cultural activities in India as the land had not seen in over a thousand years. The clan of the fabulously talented Mughal dynasty catalyzed much of this. There were also substantial achievements in many fields outside royal patronage. Though there were two different religious identities i.e. Hindus and Muslims, but both these communities influenced each other and there was great cultural interaction between them. But the royal and elite cultural effervescence was primarily a royal spectacle (Early, 1997: 854). The Mughals came from a lush cultural background (Central Asia) and they valued intellectual, literary and artistic achievements.
[Show full text]
Delhi * Agra * Jaipur * Udaipur * Mumbai
Delhi * Agra * Jaipur * Udaipur * Mumbai DAY 01 ARRIVE DELHI BY: INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT You will arrive at New Delhi's International Airport. Following customs, immigration formalities and baggage collection, a representative will meet you as you EXIT the ARRIVALS TERMINAL building after which you would be transferred to your hotel. Upon arrival at the hotel, proceed for check-in at the hotel. India's capital and a major gateway to the country, contemporary Delhi is a bustling metropolis, which successfully combines in its folds - the ancient with the modern. Amidst the fast spiraling skyscrapers the remnants of a bygone time in the form of its many monuments stand as silent reminders to the region's ancient legacy. The first impressions for any visitor traveling in from the airport are of a specious, garden city, tree-lined with a number of beautiful parks. Overnight at the hotel DAY 02 DELHI After buffet breakfast at the hotel, you will proceed for full day city tour of Old & New Delhi. You will first visit the Laxmi Narayan Temple ± a Modern Hindu Temple, which is popularly known as the Birla Temple enshrines Lord Vishnu ± the preserver of the Hindu Trinity. The Temple is one of the major attractions of the capital city - Delhi. The divine tranquillity of the temple is interrupted only by the melodious kirtans that echoes in the sanctum sanctorum. The temple enshrines almost all the deities of the Hindu Pantheon. After visiting the temple you will proceed for the visit to the famous places of Old Delhi. The tour will begin with a visit to Raj Ghat & Shanti Vana, a simple memorial to Mahatma Gandhi; drive past the Red Fort continuing to the Jama Masjid by bicycle rickshaw ride, it is the largest mosque in India, accommodating up to 25,000 worshippers at one time.
[Show full text]
Mughals at War: Babur, Akbar and the Indian Military Revolution, 1500 - 1605
Mughals at War: Babur, Akbar and the Indian Military Revolution, 1500 - 1605 A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Andrew de la Garza Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: John F. Guilmartin, Advisor; Stephen Dale; Jennifer Siegel Copyright by Andrew de la Garza 2010 Abstract This doctoral dissertation, Mughals at War: Babur, Akbar and the Indian Military Revolution, examines the transformation of warfare in South Asia during the foundation and consolidation of the Mughal Empire. It emphasizes the practical specifics of how the Imperial army waged war and prepared for war—technology, tactics, operations, training and logistics. These are topics poorly covered in the existing Mughal historiography, which primarily addresses military affairs through their background and context— cultural, political and economic. I argue that events in India during this period in many ways paralleled the early stages of the ongoing “Military Revolution” in early modern Europe. The Mughals effectively combined the martial implements and practices of Europe, Central Asia and India into a model that was well suited for the unique demands and challenges of their setting. ii Dedication This document is dedicated to John Nira. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor, Professor John F. Guilmartin and the other members of my committee, Professors Stephen Dale and Jennifer Siegel, for their invaluable advice and assistance. I am also grateful to the many other colleagues, both faculty and graduate students, who helped me in so many ways during this long, challenging process.
[Show full text]