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Investigation of Deterioration Mechanisms of Cellulose Acetate Compounded with Triphenyl Phosphate

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Investigation of Deterioration Mechanisms of Cellulose Acetate Compounded with Triphenyl Phosphate Investigation of Deterioration Mechanisms of Cellulose Acetate Compounded with Triphenyl Phosphate Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors McGath, Molly Kathleen Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 16:36:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265818 INVESTIGATION OF DETERIORATION MECHANISMS OF CELLULOSE ACETATE COMPOUNDED WITH TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATE By Molly Kathleen McGath ________________________ Copyright © Molly Kathleen McGath 2012 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2012 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Molly McGath entitled Investigation of Deterioration Mechanisms of Cellulose Acetate Compounded with Triphenyl Phosphate and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _________________________________________________________________ Date: Nancy Odegaard __________________________________________________________________ Date: Srini Raghavan _________________________________________________________________ Date: Barrett G. Potter ___________________________________________________________________ Date: Richard Glass ___________________________________________________________________ Date: Odile Madden Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. _______________________________________ Date: Dissertation Director: Nancy Odegaard 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Molly McGath 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are so very many people to thank for production of this work. I hope that I can do them justice, but I doubt that my words can convey how truly grateful I am for all of their work, prayers and support. Without the prayers I know I would never have finished. First and foremost I need to thank my family, especially my parents David and Marian for being so very supportive of me throughout my education and work. They have been there to help me make decisions and have provided me with a safe-haven and a place that is always called home, especially for little things like tax receipts as I began to bounce around the country and then the globe during my work with heritage conservation science and materials science and engineering. Thank you Matt and Ally for accompanying me on my trek across country to begin this work at the Smithsonian and for your love and support. Thank you Andrea and Jim for your moral support of and tax guidance for the poor graduate student. And to my grandparents: David H. and Margaret Mary McGath, thank you for believing in this and me; Robert F. and Joan McCauley your lives inspired mine. I want to thank my advisor Nancy Odegaard, for being a mentor and sounding board as I have found my way into the field of conservation science. Thank you Odile Madden, for involving me in such an interesting and fantastic project, and for finding means and ways for me to do this research, The Age of Plastic is now! Thank you to my committee members: Richard Glass, Srini Raghavan and B.G. Potter, for giving me great feedback and for being up to working with me on this project from the opposite side of the country. I have had the opportunity to work with so many inspiring and innovative people. Thank you, Pamela Vandiver for introducing me into the world of conservation science. Thank you 5 Mary Striegel and Jason Church of the National Center for Preservation Technology and Training, I began so much of this path with you. Thank you Blythe McCarthy for bringing me to Washington, DC for the first time, it was a trip that brought many more. I look forward to beginning my post-doctoral work with you this fall. Thank you everyone at the Arizona State Museum, you began my experiences in working with museums. Thank you, Lawrence Marcus and Fenella France for your mentorship at the Library of Congress. Thank you fellow engineers of the Thomas G. Chapman Scholarship and Fellowship Committee, that fellowship allowed me to do so very many things that would never have been possible without it. Your mentorship and the legacy of Thomas Chapman mean so very much to me. I want to thank the staff, fellows and interns of MCI for being there to help me with my research. I especially want to thank Robert Koestler and Paula DePriest for funding my internship and fellowship and for being my academic coaches on the East Coast. I want to thank Ashley Rose Head for her help in editing and coaching me through the writing process, thank God you and Jeff moved to the east coast in February. Thank you, John and Kathy Opitz, the “something removed” cousins who took me into their home over and over again and are truly my family on this coast. And for all my good friends, notably my close friends Michele Wise, Sarah Weigel, Jackie Reed, Sarah Rasmussen Anderson, Spencer Anthony, Becky Jacobson, Emilly Phillips and Joe Ptak for helping me stay sane (yet still geeky) throughout the classes, the research and the writing experience. Thank you, Brunella Santerelli and Christina Bisulca (and Odile again) for every work and wine session, for every research planning session and for your company on the journey through the MSE-HCS graduate program at Arizona. Laura, Joe, Ashling and Liam Whelan, you were my family in Arizona and will be my family ever after. 6 I have been so very lucky in having so many fantastic teachers and mentors that I don’t have room to mention each and every one here. Thank you to the faculty of Mercy High School, the Chemistry, Art History and History Departments of the University of Nebraska, the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department and the Materials Science and Engineering Department of the University of Arizona. Thank you Mrs. Coate for inspiring me to work in the sciences and showing me that you can overcome all odds to do so. Thank you Mrs. Wells for fostering my love of history. Thank you, David Berkowitz for first mentoring me in research at the University of Nebraska. Go Huskers! Thank you, Hamish Christie for fostering my love of organic chemistry and for helping me to find my path to Materials Science and Engineering and easing my transition from Chemistry. Thank you, Steve Brown and Ann Padias for continuing to give me the opportunity to teach even after I transferred from the Chemistry department. Thank you, Joseph Simmons for helping me in my transition into the MSE department. Thank you Lori Boyd and Elsa Morales for a million small and important things, for all the paperwork I wouldn’t have navigated without both of you and for your cheerful smiles every time I see you. Thank you to my fellow faculty and staff at Pima Community College, every day of working with you was a joy. To Jessica Johnson and the entire group working at the Iraqi Institute for the Conservation of Antiquities and Heritage, my first out of country experiences were amazing. Finally, I need to thank all of my students in Lincoln, Nebraska; Tucson, Arizona; and Erbil, Iraq, I’ve learned far more from you than I ever could have taught. 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................7 LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................9 LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... 18 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. 19 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 20 2. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................. 22 Cellulose Acetate “Plastics” ................................................................................................ 22 Degradation of Cellulose Acetate ........................................................................................ 29 Degradation with TPP ......................................................................................................... 29 Triphenyl Phosphate ...........................................................................................................
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