WHO’S CARING: The state of school-based mental health care in NYC schools

Gale A. Brewer Borough President 1 Dear Manhattanite: Students do better when their schools have available mental health services. Yet when public school students return to class this fall, many will be heading to campuses with no school- based mental health providers. Across Manhattan, there is roughly one social worker for every 800 students, and dozens of schools have not a single social worker on staff. Those schools are covered by a patchwork of consultants and mobile response teams, none of which can offer the same level of care as a school-based provider. The following report—based on interviews with school leaders and mental health professionals and data from the Department of Education and the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene—examines the current landscape of mental health services and the challenges that schools face when it comes to providing on-site care.

Sincerely,

Gale A. Brewer, Manhattan Borough President

2 Introduction The availability of mental health services in schools has been linked to better educational outcomes, and reduced suspensions and absenteeism.1 School leaders and health care providers agree that school-based mental health services have tangible, positive impacts on a school’s climate. It leads to a school-wide culture where students feel safe and comfortable asking for both academic and socio-emotional help. Educators should be equipped with the tools to help students in crisis, knowing they too can turn to mental health experts and that they are not expected to be educators, social workers, and disciplinarians all at the same time. “All signs point All signs point toward better outcomes for students and teachers when there is greater access to mental health care providers on-site toward better at schools, but the services currently offered in City’s public outcomes for schools are falling short. students and Nearly 40% of the young people in the U.S. who need mental teachers when health services do not receive the treatment they need.2 The numbers there is greater are even more dire along racial and socio-economic lines, with 45% of students in poverty, 55% of Black students, and 46% of Latino students access to mental never receiving necessary mental health services. These unaddressed health care mental health needs pose serious consequences, placing young people providers at a higher risk of academic underperformance, substance abuse, on-site…” unhealthy relationships, isolation, and suicide. In , nearly 237,000 children under 18 have a diag- nosable mental health condition according to the Citizen’s Committee for Children in New York. It is our duty to do all we can to facilitate mental health crisis care within a public school setting. School is often where symptoms for mental health disorders first become apparent. Increasing school-based mental health services will help normalize mental health treatment and allow children to connect with treatment in a setting in which they are already familiar. New York City public school students come from over 182 countries, 42% of them speak a language other than English at home, and over 500,000 New Yorkers are undocumented and uninsured. Throughout our study, school leaders explained that they lack adequate training on how to address legal concerns of undocumented students and parents. Additionally, many school leaders shared they lack the staff needed to communicate with students who need services and

1 Child Mind Institute. “2016 Child Mind Institute Children’s Mental Health Report.” 2016 Child Mind Institute Children’s Mental Health Report (2016): n. pag. https://childmind.org/report/2016-childrens-mental-health-report/ 2 Children’s Defense Fund. “The State of America’s Children.” Children’s Defense Fund. N.p., 2014. http://www.childrensdefense.org/library/state-of-americas-children/

3 information in languages other than English. Further, many school leaders say they lack clarity on what to do in case of a mental health emergency, or what even constitutes such an emergency. There is little guidance or training on crisis-based interventions, or a comprehensive referral process. Since the 2016 presidential election, educators across the country have reported that incidents of harassment in schools have skyrocketed. With a Trump presidency, as we gear up for another 3 1/2 years of hard questions on some of the most pressing issues from immigration to police reform to reproductive rights, it is more important than ever that our schools are safe havens for our students and that teachers and other staff have the resources they need to respond when students are in emotional crises. As a city we must renew our commitment to making sure every child has access to culturally appropriate school-based mental health services. This report examines the landscape of Manhattan’s school- based mental health services as of 2016. We spoke to mental health providers and school officials and gathered data from the Department of Education and the Department of Mental Health and Hygiene to get the full picture of mental health services available at schools across Manhattan. We identified challenges that schools and service providers face and developed recommended actions for city and state agencies to fill gaps and ensure mental health services are permanently accessible in all New York City public schools. The Landscape: In New York City, school-based mental health services are licensed and put into place by multiple agencies, including the Department of Education (DOE), the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH), the Office of School Health (OSH) and New York State’s Office of Mental Health (OMH). In October 2015, First Lady Chirlane McCray announced a plan called “ThriveNYC: A Mental Health Roadmap for All,” comprised of 54 initiatives aimed at reducing stigma for mental health issues and closing treatment gaps. As part of ThriveNYC, mental health resources were added to schools with low graduation rates, student achievement, and attendance, which are called Community and Renewal Schools. Eighteen of the 133 Community and Renewal Schools are in Manhattan. Mental health services at public schools include:

School Social Workers: There are 164 Manhattan public schools that have in-house social workers, which they primarily pay for through

4 their students’ individualized education plans (IEPs). These plans are to provide mandated services to special needs students, not to fund services for the general population. Some funding also comes through specific City Council or DOE initiatives focused on providing students with socio-emotional support. In Manhattan, we have over 177,000 students, yet only 221 school- based social workers in just 164 schools. That breaks down to roughly one social worker for every 800 students. Citywide, the DOE employs 1,183 social workers in New York City public schools, or approximately one for every 900 students.

School-based clinics, which fall into two categories: “Out of Article 28 clinics: There are 103 Manhattan public schools with Article New York City’s 28 clinics, which are regulated by OSH and are a collaborative effort 1.79 million between the DOE and DOHMH. Article 28 clinics are primarily located in under-served neighborhoods and provide on-site primary children, care to students.3 nearly 237,000 Article 28 clinics require a fully operational medical room with have a internal constructions, plumbing, and electricity, and a staff with diagnosable multi-disciplinary teams. Teams can include nurse practitioners, mental health physician assistants, and physicians. Many Article 28 clinics also have full-time or part-time licensed social workers who provide mental condition…” health services. Since 2012, New York State has implemented a “carve out” for Article 28 clinics. This allows Article 28 clinic providers to bill New York State directly for mental health services provided, and allows the state to more efficiently process reimbursements. In October 2017, the State will transition Article 28 clinics into managed care. A recent study by the Children’s Defense Fund found that in New York State, Medicaid reimbursements comprise more than 89% of Article 28 clinics’ third-party revenue in New York.4 The study compared current Medicaid reimbursement rates for primary care services to rates that will be set under a managed care payment structure and found that state-wide this could lead to a loss of $16.2 million in revenue.5 New York State’s intent for Medicaid redesign

3 New York City Department of Education. “School-Based Health Centers.” School-Based Health Center - School-Based Health Centers - New York City Department of Education. NYC Department of Education, n.d. 2016. http://schools.nyc.gov/Offices/Health/SBHC/ SBHC.htm 4, 5 Children’s Defense Fund. “School-Based Health Centers in New York State: Ensuring Sustainability and Establishing Opportunities for Growth.” (n.d.): n. pag. NYS Health Foundation. NYS Health Foundation, 2016. http://nyshealthfoundation.org/uploads/ resources/school-based-health-centers.pdf

5 is to expand access to high-quality care for all New Yorkers, so it is imperative that the transition to managed care for Article 28 clinics is done in a way that does not threaten the financial sustainability of these clinics.

Article 31 clinics: There are 62 Manhattan public schools that currently have Article 31 clinics, which are licensed and regulated by OMH. These clinics are satellites of “primary” Article 31 clinics and by definition they host counseling sessions, are staffed by licensed social workers, and operate in a confidential space with floor to ceiling walls. They offer assessments of mental health needs, interventions, consultations with families, and training services for school staff. “With only one These clinics are at a disadvantage because they did not receive the provider per carve-out or additional state funding that Article 28 clinics received. 8,000 students, Mental Health Consultants: There are 114 Manhattan public young people schools that have mental health consultants. These mental health aren’t getting consultants are managed by OSH, though they are funded by the the individual Mayor’s Fund to Advance NYC. The consultants are part of a attention ThriveNYC initiative. Over the past two years, the DOE and DOHMH they need...” have hired 100 mental health consultants for public schools.6 Each consultant is a licensed social worker who provides mental health consulting services for 10 school campuses, provides schools support for clinical assessments and interventions, co-designs and co- implements training and outreach for school staff, and helps schools develop referral networks for students who need continuing care. Schools without their own mental health clinics rely on consult- ants, but this isn’t a satisfactory solution. Over 55,000 students, one- third of Manhattan’s school population, only have access to consultants. But each consultant is tasked with serving 10 campuses, so that some- times a single consultant is responsible for serving up to 8,000 students. With only one provider per 8,000 students, are our young people getting the individual attention they need?

Mobile Response Teams (MRT): Seven Manhattan public schools currently have another variation of consultants–MRTs–which are managed by OSH and funded by the State Office of Mental Health. They are mobile teams which schools can call during crisis situations. They offer assessments, consultations, professional development for

6 ThriveNYC. “ThriveNYC - 150 Day Update.” ThriveNYC. N.p., June 2016. https://thrivenyc.cityofnewyork.us/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Thrive150_report_fnl_ singlepages.pdf.

6 ALL 307 THE 114 SCHOOLS MANHATTAN SERVED ONLY BY PUBLIC SCHOOLS MENTAL HEALTH CONSULTANTS

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7 teachers, parent trainings, and referrals for treatment elsewhere in the community.7 To get a better picture of the impact that mental health consultants have in Manhattan public schools, we conducted a few interviews with school leaders, some from schools which have had their mental health consultants for a longer period of time than others. Out of the 118 schools with consultants, we randomly selected 15 to survey. We spoke with varied staff, including guidance counselors, school psychologists, principals, and assistant principals. Some takeaways included:

• Many guidance counselors and some assistant principals were not aware that their school had been assigned a mental health consultant. • Staff in multiple schools expressed that the mental health consultant’s impact was minimal and that the resources they provided could have easily been found online. • One assistant principal from a K-8 school shared that a majority of the staff felt that arranging for meetings with the consultant was bureaucratic and took a long time. Once a meeting was set up with the consultant, school staff described the training as a waste of time. That school ended up having to supplement the training provided with training from their full-time guidance counselors. • Several schools said that the training they received was rudimentary and formatted like an information session, rather than a more constructive brainstorming session. • The majority of the schools we spoke to shared that their mental health consultant had only been to campus a handful of times and had not done any training with the staff. • None of the schools we spoke to mentioned consultants helping create a school-wide metal health plan, or identifying specific priority areas within the school.

All of the schools we spoke to mentioned that on-site support is desperately needed during moments of crisis. While mental health consultants are meant to connect school staff and administrators to mental health resources, there are too few being tasked with too much. In order to change school culture and develop emergency protocols, it is vital that these services become ingrained in the school—with licensed social workers having direct access to students, teachers, and administrators. By design, consultants cannot do all of those things while not being a part of school staff or being on-site full time.

7 NYC Department of Health. “Crisis Services/Mental Health: Mobile Crisis Teams.” Department of Health. N.p., n.d. https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/crisis- emergency-services-mobile-crisis-teams.page

8 The Challenges: No steady stream of funding exists for schools that are not Community or Renewal Schools. School principals who are interested in hiring school-based social workers or starting Article 31 clinics have to pay for the services out of their own school budget, and so are required to make programmatic trade-offs if they want to make providing school- based mental health services a priority. If we are serious about focusing on our students’ socio-emotional development, we must address the barriers school leaders and healthcare providers face at the school, city, and state levels that prevent them from providing services to every student in need. School-based health and mental health clinics operate under independent healthcare providers that directly enter into an agreement on terms of services with schools and provide services through satellite clinics. These mental health providers include hospital centers, community health providers, mental health agencies, and youth serving community-based organizations. Clinics are primarily funded through reimbursements from students’ health insurance, which is usually Medicaid. Medicaid reimbursement rates on average only cover about 60% of the actual cost of rendering services. Providers have repeatedly expressed concerns that relying on Medicaid reimbursements as the primary source of funding is not sustainable. In order to truly integrate school-based clinics into the fabric of the school, it is essential that providers engage in outreach and training work every day, meeting with parents and teachers, facilitating school- wide mental health trainings, doing in-class presentations, holding group sessions for students, and becoming a visible presence in the school. Unfortunately none of these activities essential to bringing about change in school culture are reimbursable by Medicaid or other health insurance. With most schools only open ten out of twelve months, providers only bill hours during the time school is in session. While school based mental health providers come up with various ways to maintain student connection during breaks, the discontinuity—inherent in school calendars—adds to the need for institutional support structures. On average, school-based clinics generate between 50-70% of the revenue necessary to sustain their operations. In 2011 Governor Cuomo issued an executive order to create the “Medicaid Redesign Team,” aimed at restructuring Medicaid to create a more efficient and effective way to deliver essential services at lower costs. One part of the redesign includes managed care, which “provides for the delivery of Medicaid health benefits and additional services through contracted arrangements between state Medicaid agencies

9 and managed care organizations (MCOs).” In practice this means that the rates of reimbursement for services and scheduling of payments will be determined by MCOs, which have set lower payment rates than those that providers receive via the fee-for-service payment model. This causes providers to further fear for their financial sustainability. Recommendations: Understanding the inherent challenges and balancing them with the ultimate pay-off for student well-being, we have a series of recommendations that we hope will lead to greater access to the mental health care that our students need and deserve.

The Department of Education should… n Create funding structures to pay for school-based mental health services for all schools that are not designated as Community or Renewal schools. School leaders should not be asked to make trade-offs between providing emotional supports and academic programming for students. n Commit to providing school staff with bystander intervention and anti-racism training. In order to address both heightened and new types of bullying, discrimination and harassment in schools, it is essential that school staff, including educators, guidance counselors and social workers all have the necessary tools to talk about race and use necessary intervention tactics in a nuanced way. n Help schools develop a targeted resource list and referral plan so there is a clear path in moments of crisis. These must go beyond generic phone numbers for a nearby mental health facility. Schools should develop working relationships with a range of culturally appropriate organizations and professionals who are readily available. n Provide professional development for school staff on mental health issues. n Help schools develop communications plans, bringing together teachers, administrators, and guidance counselors to create a safe culture in school for students who may be dealing with trauma. School staff should be in contact with relevant agencies that students and their families come in contact with, including the Administration for Children’s Services and the Department of Corrections, to ensure that school staff are getting all relevant information to address students’ needs. n Waive the permit fee imposed on school-based clinics for operating outside of regular school hours. With schools in session only 40 out of 52 weeks of the year, providers face challenges in building up large enough caseloads to financially sustain their operations. Allowing school-based clinics to operate year-round will also allow providers to

10 hire year-round clinicians rather than school-year clinicians, who have a higher turnover rate. This will also ensure services are available to students year round. n Conduct a pilot study into the impact, effectiveness, and outcomes of school-based mental health centers with DOHMH and the Mental Health Council established by ThriveNYC. Such a study could examine suspension, graduation, and attendance rates among comparable student populations in schools without school-based mental health services. n Create a mechanism for off-site supervision of social work interns for schools without a school-based social worker, so interns can provide mental health services during their field placements. n Ensure that all schools have identified space for private counseling.

The State should… n Keep Medicaid reimbursement rates constant for Article 28 clinics for a two-year period so providers can adapt to the new billing structure under managed care. n Create permanent avenues for operational funding to finance essential preventative and administrative services, such as classroom- based outreach and teacher training. n Create a centralized billing system that enables school based mental health centers to bill insurers in an efficient manner.

City agencies that work with at-risk populations should... n Make funding available for special needs therapy services in public schools. Agencies including the Department of Corrections and the Department of Probation should ensure funding for public school children who are affected by parental incarceration, foster care placement, homelessness, or bullying.

11 12 Manhattan schools with mobile response teams

District School Name District School Name 2 Clinton School for Writers and Artists 5 New Design Middle School 3 Dual Language Middle School 6 21st Century Academy 3 Community Action School 6 Amistad Dual Language School 5 Columbia Secondary School for Math, Science, and Engineering

Manhattan schools with mental health consultants

District School Name District School Name 1 Lower East Side Preparatory High 2 Stephen T. Mather Building Arts & School Craftsmanship High School 1 Collaborative Academy of Science, 2 Business Of Sports School Technology, & Language-Arts 2 Urban Assembly Gateway School for Education Technology 1 The East 2 High School of Graphic 1 The Children’s Workshop School Communication Arts 1 School for Global Leaders 2 N.Y.C. Museum School 1 Marta Valle High School 2 Life Sciences Secondary School 1 University Neighborhood Middle 2 School of the Future High School School 2 Independence High School 1 Bard High School Early College 2 High School for Dual Language and 1 P.S. 110 Florence Nightingale Asian Studies 1 P.S. 184m Shuang Wen 2 47 The American Sign Language and 1 Forsyth Satellite Academy English Secondary School 1 Cascades High School 2 Liberty High School Academy for 1 Technology, Arts, and Sciences Studio Newcomers 1 New Explorations into Science, 2 NYC iSchool Technology and Math High School 2 Chelsea Career and Technical 1 University Neighborhood High School Education High School 1 P.S. 019 Asher Levy 2 Millennium High School 2 The 47 American Sign Language & 2 Eleanor Roosevelt High School English Lower School 2 Urban Assembly New York Harbor 2 Repertory Company High School for School Theatre Arts 2 Harvest Collegiate High School 2 Yorkville Community School 2 Baruch College Campus High School 2 Yorkville East Middle School 2 Beacon High School 2 J.H.S. 167 Robert F. Wagner 2 New York City Lab Middle School for 2 P.S. 527 - East Side School for Social Collaborative Studies Action 2 N.Y.C. Lab School for Collaborative 2 P.S. 158 Bayard Taylor Studies 2 P.S. 183 Robert L. Stevenson 2 Pace High School 2 P.S. 001 Alfred E. Smith 2 Emma Lazarus High School 2 P.S. 002 Meyer London

13 2 The Urban Assembly School for 2 P.S. 234 Independence School Emergency Management 2 P.S. 003 Charrette School 2 Manhattan Early College School for 2 P.S. 033 Chelsea Prep Advertising 2 P.S. 290 Manhattan New School 2 Urban Assembly Maker Academy 2 P.S./I.S. 217 2 East Side Middle School 2 Battery Park City School 2 P.S. 150 2 P.S. 77 Lower Lab School 3 P.S. 009 Sarah Anderson 2 P.S. 198 Isador E. Ida Straus 3 M.S. 243 Center School 2 Sixth Avenue Elementary School 3 M.S. M245 The Computer School 2 Ballet Tech, NYC Public School for 3 P.S. 087 William Sherman Dance 3 P.S. 166 The Richard Rodgers School 2 City Knoll Middle School of The Arts and Technology 2 J.H.S. 104 Simon Baruch 3 P.S. 199 Jessie Isador Straus 2 P.S. 212 Midtown West 3 West End Secondary School 2 Professional Performing Arts High 3 School 3 The Anderson School 2 P.S. 042 Benjamin Altman 3 P.S. 452 2 P.S. 89 3 Frederick Douglass Academy II 2 P.S. 124 Yung Wing Secondary School 2 P.S. 130 Hernando De Soto 3 P.S. 075 Emily Dickinson 2 Urban Assembly School of Business 3 M.S. 250 West Side Collaborative for Young Women, the Middle School 2 Richard R. Green High School of 3 P.S. 084 Lillian Weber Teaching 3 M.S. M247 Dual Language Middle 2 Lower Manhattan Community Middle School School 3 STEM Institute of Manhattan 2 The Peck Slip School 3 M.S. 256 Academic & Athletic 2 Manhattan Comprehensive Night and Excellence Day High School 3 P.S. 242 - The Young Diplomats 2 M.S. 255 Salk School of Science Magnet Academy 2 Institute for Collaborative Education 3 P.S. 163 Alfred E. Smith 2 High School for Health Professions 3 P.S. 180 Hugo Newman and Human Services 3 P.S. 333 Manhattan School for 2 I.S. 289 Children 2 High School of Economics and 3 P.S. 165 Robert E. Simon Finance 3 Mott Hall II 2 Spruce Street School 2 P.S. 040 Augustus Saint-Gaudens 75 P.S. M721 - Manhattan Occupational 2 P.S. 006 Lillie D. Blake Training Center 2 East Side Elementary School, PS 267 75 P.S. M226 2 The River School 2 P.S. 059 Beekman Hill International 2 Highschool of Art and Design

14 Manhattan schools with on-site social workers

District School Name District School Name 1 P.S. 019 Asher Levy 2 P.S. 183 Robert L. Stevenson 1 P.S. 020 Anna Silver 2 P.S. 198 Isador E. Ida 1 P.S. 63 The STAR Academy 2 P.S. 212 Midtown West 1 P.S. 064 Robert Simon 2 P.S. 234 Independence School 1 P.S. 134 Henrietta Szold 2 High School for Environmental 1 P.S. 140 Nathan Straus Studies 1 P.S. 142 Amalia Castro 2 Battery Park City School 1 P.S. 188 The Island School 2 Urban Assembly Maker Academy 1 The East Village Community School 2 Murry Bergtraum High School for 1 The Children’s Workshop School Business Careers 1 Collaborative Academy of Science 2 I.S. 289 Technology & LA 2 P.S. Manhattan New School 1 University Neighborhood Middle 2 Essex Street Academy School 2 Lower Manhattan Arts Academy 1 East Side Side Community School 2 Urban Assembly Academy of 1 Forsyth Satellite Academy Government and Law 2 New Design High School 2 P.S. 002 Meyer London 2 Facing History High School 2 P.S. 003 Charrette School 2 High School of Hospitality 2 P.S. 006 Lillie D. Blake Management 2 P.S. 011 William T. Harris 2 Urban Assembly School of Design and 2 P.S. 033 Chelsea Prep Construction 2 P.S. 040 Augustus Saint-Gaudens 2 Pace High School 2 P.S. 041 2 M.S. 131 2 P.S. 042 Benjamin Altman 2 James Baldwin School 2 American Sign Language and English 2 Manhattan Business Academy Secondary School 2 2 The 47 American Sign Language & 2 Hudson High School of Learning English Lower School Technologies 2 Art and Design High School 2 Humanities Preparatory Academy 2 P.S. 059 Beekman Hill International 2 High School for Environmental 2 East Side Middle School Studies 2 P.S. 116 Mary Lindley Murray 2 International High School at Union 2 P.S. 124 Yung Wing Square 2 P.S. 126 Jacob August Riis 2 Union Square Academy for Health 2 P.S. 130 Hernando de Soto Sciences 2 Business of Sports School 2 Academy for Software Engineering 2 Urban Assembly Gateway School for 2 Vanguard High School Technology 2 Urban Academy High School 2 Stephen T. Mather Building Arts and 2 Leadership and Public Service High Craftsmanship School 2 Bayard Taylor 2 High School for Health Professions 2 Yorkville East Middle School and Human Services 2 Robert F. Wagner Middle School 2 Institute for Collaborative Education

15 2 Murray Hill Academy 4 P.S. 50 Vito Marcantonio 2 High School of Economics and 4 James Weldon Johnson Finance 4 The Lexington Academy 2 4 P.S. 96 Joseph Lanzetta 2 Harvest Collegiate High School 4 P.S. 102 Jacques Cartier 2 Liberty High School Academy for 4 P.S. 102 Assemblyman Angelo Del Newcomers Toro Educational Complex 2 Urban Assembly New York Harbor 4 P.S. 112 Jose Celso Barbosa School 4 P.S. 146 Ann M. Short 2 Satellite Academy High School 4 P.S. 171 Patrick Henry 2 4 The Bilingual Bicultural School 2 High School of Fashion Industries 4 P.S. 206 Jose Celso Barbosa 2 High School M560--City as School 4 Mosaic Preparatory Academy 2 Chelsea Career and Technical 4 Manhattan Center for Science and Education High School Mathematics 2 City Knoll Middle School 4 Isaac Newton Middle School for Math and Science 3 P.S. 9 Sarah Anderson 4 Central Park East I 3 M.S. 243 Center School 4 Central Park East High School 3 P.S. 075 Emily Dickinson 3 P.S. 087 William Sherman 5 P.S. 30 Hernandez/Hughes 3 P.S. 145 The Bloomingdale School 5 P.S. 46 Arthur Tappan 3 P.S. 149 Sojourner Truth 5 P.S. 92 Mary Mcleod Bethune 3 P.S. 163 Alfred E. Smith 5 P.S. 125 Ralph Bunche 3 P.S. 165 Robert E. Simon 5 P.S. 133 Fred R. Moore 3 P.S. 191 Amsterdam 5 Eagle Academy for Young Men of 3 P.S. 199 Jessie Isador Straus Harlem 3 STEM Institute of Manhattan 5 Mott Hall High School 3 P.S. 333 Manhattan School for 5 Bread & Roses Integrated Arts High Children School 3 The Global Learning Collaborative 5 P.S. 154 Harriet Tubman 3 Innovation Diploma Plus 5 P.S. 161 Pedro Albizu Campos 3 P.S. 452 5 P.S. 175 Henry H. Garnet 3 Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of 5 P.S. 200-- The James Mccune Smith Music & Art and Performing Arts School 3 High School of Arts and Technology 5 Frederick Douglass Academy 3 Manhattan/Hunter Science High 5 Harlem Renaissance High School School 5 Urban Assembly School for the 3 The School for Arts, Imagination, and Performing Arts Inquiry 5 Academy for Social Action: A College 3 High School for Law, Advocacy and Board School Community Justice 5 New Design Middle School 3 Edward A. Reynolds West Side High 5 Teachers College Community School School 5 High School for Mathematics, Science and Engineering 4 P.S. 007 Samuel Stern 6 P.S. 004 Duke Ellington 4 P.S. 38 Roberto Clemente 6 P.S. 005 Ellen Lurie

16 6 P.S. 008 Luis Belliard 6 P.S. 153 Adam Clayton Powell 6 P.S. 018 Park Terrace 6 P.S. 173 6 P.S. 028 Wright Brothers 6 Professor Juan Bosch Public School 6 P.S. Michael J. Buczek 178 6 J.H.S. 052 Inwood 6 P.S. 192 Jacob H. Schiff 6 Inwood Early College for Health & 6 P.S. 325 Information Technologies 6 M.S. 319 Maria Teresa 6 P.S. 098 Shorac Kappock 6 Community Health Academy of the 6 Dos Puentes Elementary School Heights 6 P.S. 115 Alexander Humboldt 6 Washington Heights Expeditionary 6 P.S. 128 Audubon Learning School 6 Castle Bridge School 6 The College Academy 6 P.S. 152 Dyckman Valley

Manhattan schools with Article 31 clinics

District School Name District School Name 1 PS 020 Anna Silver 2 P.S. 126 Jacob August Riis 1 PS 134 Henrietta Szold 2 High School for Environmental 1 PS 137 John L Bernstein Studies 1 STAR Academy 2 Manhattan Village Academy 1 Neighborhood School 2 Stuyvesant High School 1 East Side Community School 2 Satellite Academy High School 1 PS 34, Franklin D. Roosevelt 1 Henry Street School for International 3 PS 145, The Bloomingdale School Studies 3 West Preparatory Academy 1 PS 15 Roberto Clemente 3 Early Childhood Discovery and Design 1 The School For Arts, Imagination, and Magnet School Inquiry 3 P.S. 191 Amsterdam 1 The Urban Assembly School For Media Studies 4 Lexington Academy 1 High School for Law, Advocacy and 4 Joseph Lanzetta Community Justice 4 P.S. 102 Jacques Cartier 1 High School for Arts and Technology 4 P.S. 146 Ann M. Short 1 Manhattan/Hunter Science High 4 Central Park East I Elementary School School 4 Central Park East High School 1 PS 064 Robert Simon 1 Earth School 5 PS 046 Arthur Tappan 1 Tompkins Square MS Extension 5 PS 161 Pedro Albizu Campos 1 PS 140 Nathan Straus 5 PS 194 Countee Cullen 1 PS 142 Amalia Castro 5 P.S. 123 Mahalia Jackson 5 KIPP Infinity 2 PS 041 Greenwich Village 2 PS 126 Jacob August Riis 6 IS 218 Salome Urena 2 James Baldwin School 6 City College Academy Of The Arts 2 P.S. 111 Adolph S. Ochs 6 MS 322 2 P.S. 116 Mary Lindley Murray 6 MS 324, Patria Mirabal

17 6 MS 319, Maria Teresa 6 Juan Pablo Duarte 6 PS 325 6 P.S. 152 Dyckman Valley 6 PS 192 Jacob H Schiff 6 P.S. 173 6 Hamilton Grange Middle School 6 P.S. 187, Hudson Cliffs 6 P.S. 004 Duke Ellington 6 P.S. 189 6 P.S. 048 Michael J Buczek 6 High School for Math, Science, and 6 P.S. 128 Aubudon Engineering at City College 6 Castle Bridge High School Manhattan schools with Article 28 clinics

Campus School School Name District PS 64 Campus 1 PS 064 Robert Simon 1 Earth School 1 Tompkins Square MS Extension The Island School Campus 1 PS 188 The Island School 84 Girls Prep Charter School 75 P.S. M094 2 PS 051 Elias Howe

Norman Thomas Campus 2 Murray Hill Academy 2 Manhattan Academy for Arts and Language 2 Unity Center for Urban Technologies Seward Park 2 Essex Street Academy 2 HS For Dual Language 2 Lower Manhattan Arts Academy 2 New Design H.S. 2 Urban Assembly Academy of Government and Law, The 2 The High School for Language and Diplomacy 2 Gramercy Arts High School 2 International High School at Union Square 2 Union Square Academy for Health Sciences 84 Success Academy Union Square-Manhattan 1 2 Academy for Software Engineering 2 The High School of Fashion Industries Bayard Rustin Campus 2 James Baldwin School 2 Humanities Preparatory Academy 2 Manhattan Business Academy 2 Landmark High School 2 Quest to Learn 2 Hudson High School of Learning Technologies

18 Julia Richman Campus 2 Ella Baker (Emergency services only) 2 Vanguard High School 2 Manhattan International High School 2 Talent Unlimited 2 PS 011 William T Harris

Martin Luther King Jr. 3 The School For Arts, Imagination, and Inquiry Campus 3 The Urban Assembly School For Media Studies 3 High School for Law, Advocacy and Community Justice 3 High School for Arts and Technology 3 Manhattan/Hunter Science High School Louis Brandeis Campus 3 The Urban Assembly School for Green Careers 3 The Global Learning Collaborative 3 Innovation Diploma Plus 3 Frank McCourt High School 3 Success Academy Charter School -Upper West 2 Urban Academy Lab High School 3 JHS 054 Booker T. Washington 3 Edward A.Reynolds West Side High School 3 Hugo Newman PS/IS 180 4 PS 112 Jose Celso Barbosa

PS 007 Samuel Stern 4 PS 007 Samuel Stern Campus 4 Global Technology Preparatory 4 PS 155 William Paca 4 James Weldon Johnson 4 Renaissance School of Arts IS 117 Campus 4 TAG Young Scholars 4 Esperanza Preparatory Academy Manhattan Center Campus 4 Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics 4 Isaac Newton Middle School for Math and Science PS 83/BBMS Campus 4 PS 083 Luis Munoz Rivera 4 The Bilingual Bicultural School PS 38 Roberto Clemente 4 PS 38 Roberto Clemente Campus 84 Harlem Prep Charter School 84 Dream Charter School 4 PS 108 Assemblyman Angelo Del Toro

19 Percy Ellis Sutton 5 Kappa IV Educational Complex (IS 136 Campus) 5 Mott Hall High School 5 Eagle Academy for Young Men of Harlem 5 Thurgood Marshall Academy Adam Clayton Powell 5 The Urban Assembly Institute for New Technologies Campus 5 Renaissance Health Care Network Military Leadership 5 Academy for Social Action: A College Board School 5 Urban Assembly School for the Performing Arts 5 PS 030 Hernandez/Hughes 5 PS 046 Arthur Tappan 5 PS 161 Pedro Albizu Campos PS 194 Campus 5 PS 194 Countee Cullen 84 Harlem Village Academy Charter School PS 197 Russwurm Campus 5 PS 197 John B Russwurm 84 Democracy Prep Charter School Annex 5 PS 200 James M Smith 5 Frederick Douglas Secondary Academy 5 Bread & Roses Integrated High School

PS 192 Campus 6 PS 192 Jacob H Schiff 6 PS 325 George Washington 6 The College Academy Campus 6 High School for Media & Communications 6 High School for Law & Public Service 6 High School for Health Careers & Science IS 143 Campus 6 JHS 143 Eleanor Roosevelt 6 Washington Heights Expeditionary Learning School Edward W. Stitt Campus 6 Writers Today & Leaders Tomorrow (formally IS 164 Campus) 6 Manhattan Middle School For Scientific Inquiry JHS 52 Inwood Campus 6 JHS 052 Inwood 6 High School for Excellence and Innovation 6 A Philip Randolph Campus IS 218 Campus 6 I S 218 Salome Urena 6 City College Academy Of The Arts 6 Middle School 322

20 IS 90 Mirabal Sisters 6 MS 319 - Maria Teresa Mirabal Campus 6 MS 324 - Patria Mirabal 6 KIPP Washington Heights Middle School 6 PS 005 Ellen Lurie 6 PS 008 Luis Belliard Mental health providers in Manhattan schools

Mental Health Provider: Provider Address: Jewish Board for Family and Children’s Services* 135 West 50th Street New York, NY 10020 New York Presbyterian Hospital 525 East 68th Street New York, NY 10065 Henry Street Settlement 265 Henry Street New York, NY 10002 New York Foundling 590 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10011 Graham Windham 144 East 128th Street New York, NY 10035 University Settlement 184 Eldridge Street New York, NY 10002 Hudson Guild 459 W 26th Street New York, NY 10001 IPTAR Clinical Center 1111 Amsterdam Ave New York, NY 10025 St.Luke’s/Roosevelt Hospital 1111 Amsterdam Ave New York, NY 10025 Northside 1301 5th Avenue New York, NY 10029 Union Settlement Association 237 E 104th St New York, NY 10029 Harlem Family Institute 2 Riverside Drive #5D New York, NY 10023 Children’s Aid Society 885 Columbus Avenue New York, NY 10025

21 MANHATTAN 177,000 of the city’s 1.1 million students PUBLIC SCHOOLS attend one of the 307 schools (located in BY THE NUMBERS 206 campuses) in Manhattan.

Borough wide ethnicity White Black Hispanic Asian Other 15.8% 23.9% 45.4% 12% 2.8%

DISTRICT Inwood and Washington Heights 48 schools White Black Hispanic Asian Other 6 4.5% 7.4% 86.1% 1.2% .8% DISTRICT Central Harlem 31 schools White Black Hispanic Asian Other 5 4.3% 49.9% 40% 3.6% 2.1% DISTRICT East Harlem 31 schools White Black Hispanic Asian Other 4 4.3% 25.5% 61% 7.1% 2.1% DISTRICT Upper West Side and parts of Harlem 46 schools White Black Hispanic Asian Other 3 30.9% 23.3% 33.9% 7.7% 4.3% DISTRICT Chelsea, Hell’s Kitchen and the 121 schools White Black Hispanic Asian Other 2 24.3% 15.8% 33% 23.2% 3.8%

DISTRICT Lower East Side 30 schools White Black Hispanic Asian Other 1 17.2% 16.9% 41.8% 21.4% 2.7%

Due to missing demographic information at the time of the enrollment snapshot, demographic categories do not always add up to 100%. SOURCE: NYC Department of Education demographic snapshot: http://schools.nyc.gov/AboutUs/schools/data/default.htm

22 Due to missing demographic information at the time of the enrollment snapshot, demographic categories do not always add up to 100%. SOURCE: NYC Department of Education demographic snapshot: http://schools.nyc.gov/AboutUs/schools/data/default.htm Gale A. Brewer MANHATTAN BOROUGH PRESIDENT

1 Centre Street, 19th Floor South New York, NY 10007 (212) 669-8300

431 West 125th Street New York, NY 10027 (212) 531-1609

www.manhattanbp.nyc.gov   galeabrewer Many thanks to those who contributed to this report, especially staff members Ayisha Irfan, Shulamit Warren Puder, and Jessica Mates and interns Dina Al Ajmi and Hanna Zaretsky. Thanks, also, to the many advocates who helped August 2017 advise us, including Henry Street Settlement, University Settlement, Hudson Guild, and the Children’s Aid Society.