Trace Elements in Atmospheric Precipitation at Northern Jordan Measured by ICP-MS: Acidity and Possible Sources." Atmospheric Environment 37: 4507-4515

REFERENCES

Al-Momani, I. F. (2003). "Trace elements in atmospheric precipitation at Northern Jordan measured by ICP-MS: acidity and possible sources." Atmospheric Environment 37: 4507-4515.

Bhuie, A. K., O. A. Ogunseitan, et al. (2005). "Modeling the environmental fate of manganese from methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in urban landscapes." Science of the Total Environment 339: 167-178.

Brandt, C. and L. Elding (1998). "Role of Chromium and Vanadium in the Atmospheric Oxidation of Sulfur(IV)." Atmospheric Environment 32: 797-800.

Broecker, W. S. and T. H. Peng (1982). Tracers in the Sea. Palisades, NY, Eldigio Press.

Bruland, K. W. (1980). "Oceanographic distributions of cadmium, zinc, nickel and copper in the North Pacific." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 47: 176-198.

Bruland, K. W., R. P. Franks, et al. (1979). "Sampling and analytical methods for the determination of copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel at the nanogram per liter level in seawater." Analytical Chimica Acta 105: 223-245.

Church, T. M., J. M. Tramontano, et al. (1984). "The Wet Deposition of Trace Metals to the Western Atlantic Ocean at the Mid-Atlantic Coast and on Bermuda." Atmospheric Environment 18(12): 2657-2664.

Church, T. M., A. Veron, et al. (1990). "Trace Elements in the North Atlantic Troposphere: Shipboard Results of Precipitation and Aerosols." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 4(4): 431-443.

Deutsch, F., P. Hoffmann, et al. (1997). "Analytical characterization of manganese in rainwater and snow samples." Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry 357: 105-111.

Elliott, W. P. and R. K. Reed (1984). "A Climatological Estimate of Precipitation for the World Ocean." Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 23: 434-439.

Emsley, J. (2001). Nature’s Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. New York, Oxford Univ. Press Inc.

Gorlach, U. and C. F. Boutron (1990). "Preconcentration of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc in water at the pg/g level by non-boiling evaporation." Analytical Chimica Acta 236: 391- 398.

Halstead, M., R. Cunninghame, et al. (2000). "Wet deposition of trace metals to a remote site in Fiordland, New Zealand." Atmospheric Environment 34: 665-676.

50 Helmers, E. and O. Schrems (1995). "Wet Deposition of Metals to the Tropical North and the South Atlantic Ocean." Atmospheric Environment 29(18): 2475-2484.

Hou, H., T. Takamatsu, et al. (2005). "Trace metals in bulk precipitation and throughfall in a suburban area of Japan." Atmospheric Environment 39: 3583-3595.

Kieber, R. J., S. Skrabal, et al. (2005). "Organic Complexation of Fe(II) and Its Impact on the Redox Cycling of Iron in Rain." Environmental Science and Technology 39: 1576-1583.

Kieber, R. J., S. Skrabal, et al. (2004). "Redox Speciation of Copper in Rainwater: Temporal Variability and Atmospheric Deposition." Environmental Science and Technology 38: 3587-3594.

Kieber, R. J., J. D. Willey, et al. (2002). "Chromium Speciation in Rainwater: Temporal Variability and Atmospheric Deposition." Environmental Science and Technology 36: 5321-5327.

Kieber, R. J., K. Williams, et al. (2001). "Iron speciation in coastal rainwater: concentration and deposition to seawater." Marine Chemistry 73: 83-95.

Kim, G., J. R. Scudlark, et al. (2000). "Atmospheric wet deposition of trace elements to Chesapeake and Delaware Bays." Atmospheric Environment 34: 3437-3444.

Lim, B. and T. D. Jickells (1990). "Dissolved, Particulate and Acid-Leachable Trace Metal Concentrations in North Atlantic Precipitation Collected on the Global Change Expedition." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 4(4): 445-458.

Long, M. S. (2003). Atmospheric Deposition in Southeastern North Carolina and Its Impact on the Cape Fear River Estuary. Chemistry. Wilmington, University of North Carolina Wilmington. Masters: 100.

Manoj, S. V., C. D. Mishra, et al. (2000). "Iron, manganese and copper concentrations in wet precipitations and kinetics of the oxidation of SO2 in rain water at two urban sites, Jaipur and Kota, in Western India." Atmospheric Environment 34: 4479-4486.

Nriagu, J. (1989). "A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals." Nature 338: 47-49.

Nriagu, J. and J. Pacyna (1988). "Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals." Nature 333: 134-139.

NRTEE. (1999). "Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) Case Study." Retrieved April 18, 2005, from http://www.nrtee- trnee.ca/eng/programs/ArchivedPrograms/Health/mmt-12-99.pdf.

51 Pacyna, J. (1986). Atmospheric trace elements from natural and anthropogenic sources. Toxic Metals in the Atmosphere. J. Nriagu. New York, Wiley: 33-52.

Pacyna, J., J. Munch, et al. (1991). European Inventory of Trace Metal Emissions to the Atmosphere. Heavy Metals in the Environment. J. P. Vernet. Amsterdam, Elsevier: 1-20.

Pacyna, J. and E. Pacyna (2001). “An assessment of global and regional emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources worldwide.” Environmental Reviews 9: 269-298.

Parler, N. (2005). Mercury Concentration and Speciation in Wilmington Coastal Rainwater. Chemistry. Wilmington, University of North Carolina Wilmington. Masters: 80.

Pfeifer, G. D., R. M. Harrison, et al. (1999). "Personal exposures to airborne metals in London taxi drivers and office workers in 1995 and 1996." The Science of the Total Environment 235: 253-260.

Planchon, F., C. Boutron, et al. (2001). "Ultrasensitive determination of heavy metals at the sub- picogram per gram level in ultraclean Antarctic snow samples by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry." Analytica Chimica Acta 450: 193-205.

Ressler, T., J. Wong, et al. (2000). "Quantitative Speciation of Mn-Bearing Particulates Emitted from Autos Burning (Methylcyclopentadienyl)manganese Tricarbonly-Added Gasolines Using XANES Spectroscopy." Environmental Science and Technology 34: 950-958.

Siefert, R., J. Ann, et al. (1998). "Measurements of Trace Metal (Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr) Oxidation States in Fog and Stratus Clouds." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 48: 128-143.

Spokes, L., T. D. Jickells, et al. (2001). "Atmospheric inputs of trace metals to the northeast Atlantic Ocean: the importance of southeasterly flow." Marine Chemistry 76: 319-330.

Stumm, W. and J. Morgan (1996). Aquatic Chemistry. New York, John Wiley & Sons, INC.

Takeda, K., K. Marumoto, et al. (2000). "Three-year determination of trace metals and the lead isotope ratio in rain and snow depositions collected in Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan." Atmospheric Environment 34: 4525-4535.

Tramontano, J. M., J. R. Scudlark, et al. (1987). "A method for the collection, handling, and analysis of trace metals in precipitation." Environmental Science and Technology 21: 749-753.

Willey, J. D. and R. J. Kieber (2000). "Rainwater dissolved organic carbon: Concentrations and global flux." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 14(1): 139-148.

52 Willey, J. D., R. J. Kieber, et al. (2000). "Temporal Variability of Iron Speciation in Coastal Rainwater." Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 37: 185-205.

Williams, K. H. (1998). Temporal variation in iron speciation in rainwater. Chemistry. Wilmington, University of North Carolina Wilmington. Masters: 57.

Zayed, J., A. Guessous, et al. (2003). "Estimation of annual Mn emissions from MMT source in the Canadian environment and the Mn pollution index in each province." The Science of the Total Environment 312: 147-154.

Zayed, J., B. Hong, et al. (1999). "Characterization of Manganese-Containing Particles Collected from the Exhaust Emissions of Automobiles Running with MMT Additive." Environmental Science and Technology 33: 3341-3346.

Zhang, H. (2000). "Light and Iron(III)-induced oxidation of chromium(III) in the presence of organic acids and manganese(II) in simulated atmospheric water." Atmospheric Environment 34: 1633-1640.

Zheng, M., G. Zhigang, et al. (2005). "Dry and wet deposition of elements in Hong Kong." Marine Chemistry 97: 124-139.