Graduate Program Review

Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering

Spring 2010

FINAL REPORT

ABSTRACT

This document provides an overview of the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University, its graduate programs, and a self- assessment of these programs. For a self-assessment of the department’s undergraduate program, a copy of our ABET self-study will be provided upon request.

Table of Contents

LIST OF FIGURES...... 6

LIST OF TABLES...... 7

FOREWORD BY THE DEPARTMENT HEAD ...... 8

1. OVERVIEW OF THE ARTIE MCFERRIN DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING...... 10

1.1. A BRIEF HISTORY ...... 10

1.2. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE...... 14

1.3. FISCAL INFORMATION ...... 15

1.4. AN OVERVIEW OF THE FACULTY...... 20

1.5. DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEES ...... 24 List of Standing Committees ...... 24

1.6. FACILITIES ...... 24 Laboratories ...... 25 Classrooms ...... 26 Resources and Support...... 26 Computing resources...... 26 Databases...... 29 1.7. LINDSAY LECTURES ...... 29

1.8. ADVISORY COUNCIL AND THEIR ROLE ...... 37

2. GRADUATE PROGRAM ...... 38

2.1. RESEARCH CENTERS...... 38 Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center...... 38 National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing...... 39 2.2. FACULTY RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS ...... 40 Power Harvesting Research Could Bring about Next Generation of Electronics ...... 40 Advancement in Molecular Filters Could Lead to More Efficient Manufacturing ...... 41 Creation of Artificial Vasculatures Could Advance Tissue Engineering ...... 41 Biofuels Technology Could Help Relieve Nation of Dependence on Foreign Oil...... 42 Research Yields New Details on Evolution Process...... 43

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Research Examines How Infections Begin in Human GI Tract...... 43 Natural Gas Refining Process Results in Industry Breakthrough...... 43 Deciphering Bacteria Language Could Lead to Better Methods for Fighting Infection...... 44 Researchers Explore Behavior of LNG-related Fires ...... 45 Elucidating the Organic-Ordered Mesoporous Silica Interface ...... 45 Catalyst Decay Fundamentals: Molecular Modeling...... 45

2.3. OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES...... 46

2.4. ADMISSION PROCESS (UNIVERSITY LEVEL)...... 47 Entrance Requirements for Graduate Students ...... 48

2.5. THE CHEMICAL ENGINEERING GRADUATE PROGRAM...... 48 Recruiting Efforts ...... 48 Admissions ...... 49 General degree requirements ...... 50

2.6. DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY...... 50 Course requirements for completion of the PhD (degree plan)...... 51 Steps for Completing a PhD Degree in Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University ...... 52 Departmental Doctoral Proficiency Examination...... 53 Departmental Publication Criterion ...... 54

2.7. MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) DEGREE: THESIS OPTION...... 54 Course requirements for completion of the MS (thesis option) ...... 55 Steps for Completing an MS Degree in Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University...... 56

2.8. MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) DEGREE: NON-THESIS OPTION...... 57 Course requirements for completion of the MS (Non-thesis option)...... 57

2.9. MASTER OF ENGINEERING (MENG) DEGREE...... 58 Course requirements for completion of the MEng Degree...... 58 MEng with Certificate in Business Option ...... 59 MEng with Technical Course Option ...... 59

2.10. MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN SAFETY ENGINEERING ...... 60

2.11. DOCTORATE OF ENGINEERING (DENG) ...... 60

2.12. DEGREE PLAN...... 61

2.13. CHEN 695 – GRADUATE MENTORING SEMINAR...... 61

2.14. ADVISORY COMMITTEES...... 63

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2.15. FINANCIAL SUPPORT...... 65

3. GRADUATE COURSES...... 67

3.1. GRADUATE COURSE OFFERINGS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ...... 67

4. GRADUATE DEMOGRAPHICS, RANKS, AND PERFORMANCE...... 71

4.1. TARGET SIZE OF GRADUATE PROGRAM ...... 71

4.2. GRADUATE PROGRAM ENROLLMENT ...... 72

4.3. GRADUATE PROGRAM METRICS...... 77

4.4. THESES AND DISSERTATIONS ...... 80 Masters Theses: 2002-2009 ...... 81 Ph.D. dissertations: 2002-2009 ...... 85

4.5. GRADUATE STUDENT PLACEMENT DATA ...... 93

5. STRATEGIC PLAN/PROGRAM ASSESSMENT ...... 96

5.1. VISION ...... 96

5.2. MISSION...... 96

5.3. CORE VALUES...... 96

5.4. STAKEHOLDERS ...... 97

5.5. OUTCOMES...... 97

5.6. MEASURES...... 97

5.7. DATA COLLECTION ...... 98

5.8. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE PROGRAM...... 98 Strengths...... 98 Weaknesses...... 99

5.9. EVOLUTION OF THE GRADUATE PROGRAM OVER THE LAST FIVE YEARS ...... 101

5.10. GOALS FOR THE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN THE COMING FIVE YEARS ...... 101 Short Terms Goals/Actions...... 102 Strategic Research Areas ...... 102 Systems Biology ...... 102 Energy and Sustainability...... 103 Therapeutics ...... 103

APPENDIX A: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY GUIDELINES ...... 105

APPENDIX B: FACULTY BIOSKETCHES...... 146

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APPENDIX C: FACULTY AWARDS...... 203

APPENDIX D: JACK E. BROWN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING BUILDING ...... 206

APPENDIX E: ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBERS...... 214

APPENDIX F: NATIONAL CENTER FOR THERAPEUTICS MANUFACTURING BUILDING CONCEPT PLANS217

APPENDIX G: GRADUATE HANDBOOK ...... 221

APPENDIX H: SYLLABI OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CORE COURSES ...... 244

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List of Figures Figure 1. Academic budget trends for the last five fiscal years...... 17

Figure 2. Research awards by fiscal year...... 17

Figure 3. Research expenditures by fiscal year...... 18

Figure 4. Research funding by source...... 18

Figure 5. Research expenditures by category...... 19

Figure 6. Research expenditures by source...... 19

Figure 8. Comparison of TAMU chemical engineering faculty salaries to the national average based on rank...... 23

Figure 7. Average faculty salary by rank...... 23

Figure 9. Fall graduate enrollment: 2002-2008 (Note: NDS is a non-degree graduate student).72

Figure 10. Gender demographics in the CHEN graduate program...... 73

Figure 11. Fall 2002 Demographics ...... 73

Figure 12. Fall 2003 Demographics ...... 74

Figure 13. Fall 2004 demographics...... 74

Figure 14. Fall 2005 Demographics ...... 74

Figure 15. Fall 2006 Demographics...... 75

Figure 16. Fall 2007 Demographics ...... 75

Figure 17. Fall 2008 Demographics...... 76

Figure 18. Number of graduate degrees awarded by year...... 79

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Figure 19. Peer-review publications 2005-2009...... 79

Figure 20. Domestic Ph.D. student enrollent ...... 100

List of Tables

Table 1. Summary of the academic budget for the last five fiscal years...... 16

Table 2. Chemical engineering department faculty...... 21

Table 3. Endowed Faculty Fellowships, Professorships, & Chairs ...... 22

Table 4. U.S. News & World Report graduate rankings...... 77

Table 5. GRE scores for admitted graduate students...... 77

Table 6. GRE scores for admitted graduate students in the College of Engineering...... 78

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Foreword by the Department Head This foreword provides you with background on the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A& M University, and explains the expectations for our upcoming external review. Chemical Engineering was a division in Industrial Chemistry from 1911 to 1940. Chemical Engineering has been recognized as a separate department at Texas A&M since 1941. The first Bachelor of Science degree was awarded in June 1911, the first Masters of Science degree in 1913, and the first PhD degree in 1950.

This activity is part of a periodic review of all Texas A&M University academic programs, and offers an opportunity to assess the standards of the programs and to learn from review teams members’ experience with similar programs.

I request that the review team examine the graduate and research programs of the Department of Chemical Engineering using the materials that will be provided, information you gain though personal interaction while visiting Texas A&M, and any additional information that you might request. While evaluating the program, please consider the allocation of resources within the department (both human and fiscal) and the absolute level of support the Department receives from the University. Please comment as appropriate on current and potential leveraging of these resources, as well as current and potential interaction with other department and groups, both on campus and off.

Also, please address the issue of learning-based outcomes:

⎯ Does the Department have ongoing and integrated planning and evaluation processes that assess its programs and services, that result in continuous improvement, and that demonstrate that the Department is effectively accomplishing its mission? ⎯ Has the Department identified expected outcomes for its educational programs? ⎯ Does the Department have evidence of improvement based upon analysis of results?

In addition, I ask that you address the impact of the faculty Reinvestment Program, started by Texas A&M University in 2003. The reinvestment program has resulted in the hiring of almost 112 new faculty members dispersed throughout the College of Engineering. The goal is to

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improve the quality of education for Texas A&M students by having more faculty available for mentoring and advising, whether more courses and sections are available, or by track and measure real increases and improvements in the quality of the graduate and undergraduate experiences across all dimensions. We ask that you assess the success of the department in moving their teaching and research agendas forward with these hires. Thus far, the Department has received $5.6 million in reinvestment dollars (inclusive of salaries, start up funds, moving expenses and renovation expenses), and has made 12 new hires since 2003.

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1. Overview of The Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering

1.1. A Brief History The Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering welcomes you to Texas A&M University and thanks you for your service as external reviewers of our graduate programs. We are pleased to have this opportunity to assess our programs as we look for opportunities to continually improve and enhance them. We realize that a strong graduate program is a key part of maintaining an excellent department and improving our academic reputation. Hence, we are grateful for your help in this process. This self-study was prepared for this review and reflects an evaluation of the graduate programs within the department. It includes a brief history of the department, an overview of the department, details on the research and educational activities of the graduate programs, plans for continual assessment and improvement, as well as a strategic vision for the future.

We look forward to your input and eagerly await your recommendations about how we might further improve our programs as we strive for greater excellence. We realize this is a time consuming task and thank you again for your service. We are ready to answer any questions that may arise and would be glad to provide more information should you require it.

The department and its graduates have a proud heritage with many of its graduates having successful careers in the process and allied industries. Others have used a chemical engineering education as a base for further study, and have had successful careers in law, medicine and various areas of business. In nearly all instances our graduates have been leaders, and in some cases leaders of major chemical petroleum, pharmaceutical, food, and allied companies.

The department began as a division of industrial chemistry in the Department of Chemistry and in 1940, became the department of chemical engineering in the College of Engineering. While some research was conducted and a few graduate degrees were awarded, the goal of the

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department was to provide a sound undergraduate program leading to a B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering. This was the dominant goal through the 1950s.

Transition and changes occurred in the decades of the sixties and seventies. Even though only 49 PhD and 229 Master degrees were awarded by the end of the seventies; these graduates became successful leaders in industry. During this period, Dr. Charles Holland, with his students developed and expanded the theta method and other innovations such as the Kb method, the method of handling non-ideal solutions, as well as new innovative computational methods for simulating and modeling multi-component separation systems. Many of these methods are used in process simulators that are routinely used in industry for modeling multi-component separation systems. Other innovations during this period were the back flow cell model developed by Dr. Leo Durbin (early sixties) and his students for modeling chemical reactors with the ultimate objective of using such models in process control. Dr. Eubank (early sixties) and his students began the development of our thermodynamic laboratories, which were recognized world wide for their expertise in measuring thermodynamic properties of gases and liquids. In the mid-sixties (1965, 1966, and 1967) Drs. Ron Darby, Rayford (Ray) Anthony, and Daniel (Dan) Hanson joined the department and began the development of laboratories in rheology, electrochemical engineering, kinetics, catalysis and reaction engineering and biochemical engineering, respectively.

With the explosive growth of Texas A&M in the 1970s and corresponding growth in the department, additional faculty were added and a number of visiting professors joined the department for a year or two to assist in teaching the undergraduates, and because of the growth of the masters program. During the 1970s, Drs. Kenneth R. Hall, Jerry A. Bullin, James (Jim) Holste, Charles Glover and Ted Watson joined the department. In the late seventies and early eighties, the faculty determined it was essential to strengthen the graduate program and increase the number of PhD students relative to the number of Masters and undergraduate students. With the guidance of an Industrial Advisory Committee, the faculty, in 1982 and early 1983, revised the PhD program to be competitive with other PhD programs in the country. An

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intensive effort was also undertaken to recruit students interested in pursuing a PhD degree. These changes began to take effect in the mid to late eighties, and continued with the leadership of Dr. Raymond Flumerfelt. Additional faculty were hired in the eighties and early nineties. These included Drs. Akgerman, Bukur, Gadalla, Holtzapple, Flumerfelt, Slattery, Nikolaou, Liao, Ploehn, Dale, and Honnel. Each of these individuals strengthened existing programs and expanded the department's capability in materials, transport phenomena and polymers. In the mid and last half of the nineties Drs. Archer, Good, Pishko, Ford, Kuo, Sevick and Mannan joined the department. Drs. Flumerfelt, Nikolaou, Liao, Ploehn, Dale and Honnel over a period of several years left to join industry or other departments, and Dr. Gadalla passed away in the spring of 1994. In the period from 1996 to the fall of 2001, several faculty retired including Drs. Davison, Bullin, Darby, and Durbin, and Dr. Gilbert Froment joined our department as a Research Professor.

The last decade has witnessed considerable change in the department. In 2000 and 2001 Drs. Archer, Pishko, Watson and Kazantzis left the University and accepted positions at other Universities. In 2002 Dr. Good left the department to join another department and Dr. Sevick left Texas A&M in 2005. In the 2000-2001 academic year Drs. Bevan, Shantz, and Ugaz were hired to strengthen the areas of colloids, materials, and microfluidics respectively. Drs. Juergen Hahn and Mahmoud El-Halwagi were hired in 2002 to strengthen the process controls/system/safety group in the department. Around this time (2002-2005) the University embarked on a ‘faculty reinvestment’ program with the aim of improving the student to faculty ratio of the departments. Chemical Engineering, then under the leadership of Ken Hall, benefited from the reinvestment program. Numerous hires were made including Dr. Arul Jayaraman (2003-2004, Life Sciences), Dr. Perla Balbuena (2004-2005, Molecular Simulations), Dr. Jorge Seminario (2004-2005, Molecular Simulations), Dr. Tahir Cagin (2004-2005, Molecular Simulations), Dr. Mariah Hahn (2004-4005, Life Sciences), Dr. Zhengdong Cheng (2004-2005, Colloids), Dr. James Silas (2005-2006, Soft Matter/Colloids), and Dr. Thomas Wood (2005-2006, Life Sciences). At the start of the 2007-2008 academic year Dr. Pishko returned from Penn State to serve as Department Head. Drs. Zhilei Chen (Life Sciences) and Katy Kao (Life Sciences)

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were hired in the 2005-2006 academic year and joined the program in the 2008-2009 academic year. In the last academic year Drs. Sreeram Vaddiraju (materials/energy) and Mustafa Akbulut (soft matter) were hired and have joined the program as of fall 2009. In approximately same period Drs. Anthony and Eubanks retired; Drs. Akgerman and Hanson passed away.

Thus the department has undergone a dramatic change in the last ten years. While Drs. Ford and Bevan have left for other departments in the 2006-2007 time frame, several of the hires of the early 2000’s have been promoted to Associate Professor and remained in the department (Shantz 2006, Ugaz 2008, Hahn 2009). The department has historically hired outstanding young faculty although at times has struggled with retention. Successfully integrating all the hires of the last eight years, which were at a variety of ranks, is a theme of ongoing effort in the program. Also noteworthy was the transition of the department to the Jack E. Brown engineering building in the fall of 2004. This state of the art facility provides world-class facilities for teaching and research. In 2006 the department became the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering through the generous donations of Mr. Artie McFerrin. As of fall 2009 the department has 25 tenured/tenure-track faculty.

Texas A&M has committed to the idea of human capital by highlighting faculty in its Vision 2020 strategic plan. A&M reinforced this commitment with the faculty reinvestment program, which called for hiring 447 faculty members during a five-year period. This includes 112 new tenured and tenure-track faculty in the College of Engineering. The university achieved this goal on time and many of these new faculty are now making great contributions to the university. When A&M works to recruit, support and retain internationally recognized faculty, it expands the possibilities for faculty and students, preparing Aggies to make even greater contributions to the world.

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The department has had a rich tradition of excellence over the last 70 years in both the education of undergraduates and the training of graduate students by leaders in both traditional and emerging fields in chemical engineering. The department is in an outstanding position as it moves forward to meet its mission statement: The Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University will be recognized as one of the best programs in the nation, fulfilling its part of TAMU’s mission with scholarship, leadership and innovation in all aspects of research, teaching and service. We will be known for the high quality of our learning environment, the depth of our scholarship, and our commitment to our profession.

The mission of the Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M is to educate and prepare students for national and international leadership roles in industry, government, and academia; to attract top students to chemical engineering; to define and develop new directions in Chemical engineering fundamentals and practices, and in chemical engineering education and curricula; to be a valuable resource and service base to the State and to industry; and to provide leadership in solving problems of social and economic importance.

1.2. Administrative Structure The administrative organization of the department consists of the Department Head, Dr. Michael V. Pishko, the Associate Department Head for Graduate Programs, Dr. Daniel F. Shantz, the Associate Head for Undergraduate Programs, Dr. Mark T. Holtzapple, and the Assistant Head for Upper Division Programs, Dr. Lale Yurttas. The Associate Department Head for Graduate Programs also serves as the Graduate Advisor. All of these positions report directly to the Department Head. There are a number of committees within the department that serve the department administratively. The composition of the committees differs depending on the nature of their tasks; however, there are several that incorporate both staff and student membership. Section 1.4 has a list of the current departmental committees and the process by which committees are formed is shown in Appendix A (Faculty Guidelines).

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The departmental staff, the business office staff, the computer technical staff, the information specialist, and shop staff report through the Academic Business Administrator, Lesley Bell, who reports directly to the Department Head. The Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center’s staff reports directly to the center director; however, the department maintains an oversight umbrella of all staff to assist with Human Resource issues and to disseminate information/policy to all staff members.

1.3. Fiscal Information Every year, the state appropriates funds for the university. These funds are then distributed through the colleges to the individual departments. The department also receives funds though gifts from industry and private sources in the form of endowments and general gifts. The endowments generate income, which is also represented in the pie charts below. Finally, a large portion of the department’s funds comes from individual faculty research. We have summarized the past five years in Table 1 and Figures 1-6.

The department supports faculty depending on their duties (i.e., Center Directors, etc.) on the Academic Budget- state appropriated- for nine months. Departmental staff members also are paid from state funds on a twelve-month basis. The average, full-time equivalent, twelve- month salaries for Fiscal Year 2010 monthly and bi-weekly staff are $50,450 and $32,562, respectively. Research staff members are assigned to specific research groups and are funded through research grants and gift funds to particular groups. The average salary for this group based on a twelve-month full-time equivalent is $48,500. In both Research staff and Office staff categories, most employees are on payroll 100% of the time, however, there are a few part- time members.

The following tables and graphs illustrate our various sources of research and gift funding. These funds are crucial in the support of the Department, specifically our graduate program.

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Table 1. Summary of the academic budget for the last five fiscal years.

FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10

Academic Advising 289433 - - 14,946.00 14,946.00 15,394.00 15,410.00

Academic Allocation 132001 3,170,317.00 3,655,745.00 2,872,054.00 3,129,919.00 3,099,549.00 3,271,871.00

Graduate Assistants 132065 59,408.00 19,412.00 350,000.00 266,297.00 129,612.00 129,612.00

Academic Allocation Ops 241401 107,227.00 107,227.00 107,227.00 107,227.00 107,227.00 107,227.00

FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10

Academic Budget $3,336,952.00 $3,782,384.00 $3,344,227.00 $3,518,389.00 $3,351,782.00 $3,524,120.00

$3,900,000.00

$3,800,000.00

$3,700,000.00

$3,600,000.00

$3,500,000.00

$3,400,000.00

$3,300,000.00

$3,200,000.00

$3,100,000.00 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10

Figure 1. Academic budget trends for the last five fiscal years.

$10,000,000.00 $9,000,000.00 $8,000,000.00 $7,000,000.00 $6,000,000.00 $5,000,000.00 $4,000,000.00 $3,000,000.00 $2,000,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $- FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009

Figure 2. Research awards by fiscal year

$12,000,000.00

$10,000,000.00

$8,000,000.00

$6,000,000.00

$4,000,000.00

$2,000,000.00

$- FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009

Figure 3. Research expenditures by fiscal year.

$4,500,000.00 $4,000,000.00 $3,500,000.00 $3,000,000.00

$2,500,000.00 FY05 $2,000,000.00 FY06 $1,500,000.00 FY07 $1,000,000.00 FY08 $500,000.00 FY09 $- FY10

Figure 4. Research funding by source

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$4,000,000.00

$3,500,000.00

$3,000,000.00

$2,500,000.00 FY05 $2,000,000.00 FY06 $1,500,000.00 FY07

$1,000,000.00 FY08 FY09 $500,000.00 FY10 $-

Figure 5. Research expenditures by category

$4,000,000.00

$3,500,000.00

$3,000,000.00

$2,500,000.00 FY05 $2,000,000.00 FY06 $1,500,000.00 FY07 $1,000,000.00 FY08 $500,000.00 FY09

$- FY10

Figure 6. Research expenditures by source

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1.4. An overview of the faculty The target size for the Chemical Engineering Department is 30 faculty members, including tenured/tenure-track faculty and lecturers but not including visiting and adjunct faculty appointments. As of September 2009 the department has 25 tenure-track faculty, five senior lecturers and lecturers, three research professors, five jointly appointed faculty members, and four emeritus professors (Table 2). There are 13 faculty members who enjoy the rank of Professor, three faculty members who hold the rank of Associate Professor, and there are nine faculty members who hold the rank of Assistant Professor. Of these faculty, three are holders of an endowed chair, eight are holders of endowed professorships, and one holds a faculty fellowship (Table 3). The demographics of the 25 tenured/tenure-track faculty are: 5 females and 20 males, of which, 14 are white (not of the Hispanic descent), 3 Hispanic, and 8 are Asian. The average age of our faculty is 47.5 years with a standard deviation of 12.3 years and a range of approximately 40 years. Brief faculty biosketches are located in Appendix B and a listing of recent faculty awards in Appendix C.

The statistics on our faculty salaries are shown in Figure 7 for the past five years, in addition to a comparison with current national average chemical engineering salaries by rank.1 The charts demonstrate the competitive nature of the department’s average salaries, but if the University and College’s goal is for the department to be ranked in the top 10 chemical engineering department’s on a national basis, faculty salaries have to be competitive with the average high salaries. The department’s average salaries for full and associate professors are competitive with the national average; however, assistant professor salaries are slightly lagging.

1 National average salary data for chemical engineering faculty as compiled by Dr. Geoffrey Price, Chair, University of Tulsa for 125 chemical engineering programs. 20

Table 2. Chemical engineering department faculty Assistant Professors Associate Professors Professors Dr. Mustafa Akbulut Dr. Juergen Hahn Dr. Perla Balbuena Dr. Zhilei Chen Dr. Daniel Shantz Dr. Dragomir Bukur Dr. Zhengdong Cheng Dr. Victor Ugaz Dr. Tahir Cagin Dr. Mariah Hahn Dr. Mahmoud El-Halwagi Dr. Arul Jayaraman Dr. Charles Glover Dr. Hae-Kwon Jeong Dr. Kenneth Hall Dr. Katy Kao Dr. James Holste Dr. Carl Laird Dr. Mark Holtzapple Dr. Sreeram Vaddiraju Dr. Yue Kuo Dr. M. Sam Mannan Dr. Michael Pishko Dr. Jorge Seminario Dr. Thomas Wood

Lecturers Emeritus Professors Research Professors Dr. John Baldwin Dr. Rayford Anthony Dr. Gilbert Froment Mr. Jerry Bradshaw Dr. Jerry Bullin Dr. Brett Giroir Dr. Ray Mentzer Dr. Ron Darby Dr. Hans Passman Dr. William Rogers Dr. Phillip Eubank Dr. Lale Yurttas

Joint Appointments Dr. Maria Barrufet (PETE) Dr. Jamie Grunlan (MEEN) Dr. Zivko Nikolov (BAEN) Dr. K. Rajagopal (MEEN) Dr. Marlan Scully (PHYS) Dr. Karen Wooley (CHEM)

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Table 3. Endowed Faculty Fellowships, Professorships, & Chairs Description Appointed

Dow Chemical Endowed Professorship Kuo

Gas Processors Suppliers Assoc Professorship Balbuena

C. D. Holland Professorship Pishko

Joe M. Nesbitt Professorship Bukur

Ken Hall Endowed Professorship* Ugaz

Lanatter & Herbert Fox Professorship Seminario

McFerrin Endowed Professorship El-Halwagi

Ray Nesbitt Professorship I* Jayaraman

Ray Nesbitt Professorship II* Hahn, J.

Jack E. Brown Chair Hall

T. Michael O'Conner Endowed Chair II Wood

T. Michael O'Conner Endowed Chair Mannan

Neely Faculty Fellowship* Shantz

* Awarded on a career development basis

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$18,000.00

$16,000.00

$14,000.00

$12,000.00

$10,000.00 Professor Associate Professor $8,000.00 Assistant Professor

$6,000.00 Lecturer

$4,000.00

$2,000.00

$- FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09

Figure 7. Average faculty monthly salary by rank

$180,000.00 $160,000.00 $140,000.00 $120,000.00 TAMU $100,000.00 Natl. High $80,000.00 Natl. Low $60,000.00 Natl. Avg $40,000.00 $20,000.00 $- Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor

Figure 8. Comparison of TAMU chemical engineering faculty annual salaries to the national average based on rank.

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1.5. Departmental Committees To facilitate departmental operations there are a number of standing committees, which make recommendations to the faculty and the Department Head. A list of these committees is shown in below, with committees that have a majority of its membership elected by the faculty denoted with an asterisk. Please refer to Appendix A: Chemical Engineering Faculty Guidelines for more detailed information regarding committees, their membership, and management.

List of Standing Committees Graduate Committee*

Recruiting/Admissions Subcommittee Undergraduate Committee*

Curriculum/Advising Subcommittee ABET Subcommittee Student Support Subcommittee AIChE (student chapter advisors)

Other Departmental Committees

Chairs and Professors Strategic Planning Computers Engineering Faculty Advisory Council Faculty Search* EIT Review Promotion and Tenure* Library Post Tenure Review Instrumentation Symposium Safety Texas A&M Qatar Search Committee

1.6. Facilities The Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical engineering is very fortunate to have the new Jack E. Brown Chemical Engineering Building (occupied 2005) with outstanding space available for our undergraduate and graduate programs. The building’s first floor houses six general use

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classrooms, computer laboratories, a student lounge, and a 600 square-foot computer cluster room. Department staff and faculty offices are located on the second floor, along with offices for the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center. Graduate student offices and research labs are located on floors three through seven. Building plans are shown in Appendix D.

Some highlights of this building include: • 205,000 gross ft2 • Super computer: 215 compute nodes with 600 cores, 1,014GB of working memory, Theoretical Maximum Computational Power > 5 Teraflops • 127 offices for students, faculty, and staff • 88 research and teaching facilities • 9 clean rooms (both Class 1000 and 100) • 6 general classrooms • 4 computer labs • 12 conference rooms- two have videoconference capability

• Administrative and staff- 14 offices • Faculty- 34 offices • Graduate students, research associates, post-docs, teaching assistants – 60 offices with the capability of 300 people

Laboratories Most of the research space within the Brown building consists of 56 individual 600 ft2 laboratories (Figure 9) that are assigned to individual faculty or as shared facilities. The

Figure 9. Typical research laboratory (left) and connecting utility corridor (right) in the Jack E. Brown Engineering Building

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furnishings in the laboratories are modular and each laboratory can accommodate up to four 6’ fume hoods. Each laboratory is also connected to a central utility corridor that can house gas cylinders, storage cabinets, and refrigerators/freezers.

Classrooms Classrooms are scheduled by the university and are not part of departmental space, but within the new Jack E. Brown (JEB) chemical engineering building, we have priority and are able to schedule space for almost all of our current classroom needs. During the spring of 2009, nineteen of twenty-two sections of chemical engineering undergraduate lecture classes were taught in the chemical engineering building. CHEN classes not taught in JEB still have the latest in classroom technology. Class sizes typically are from 20 to 45 students. Classrooms in chemical engineering can seat from 47 to 120 and are fully equipped with the latest in classroom technology: • Smart Classroom - Data projector, desktop computer, VHS/DVD player, Classroom Performance System ("Clicker") receiver • Smart Sympodium • Document camera • Automated Control System • Wireless microphone Resources and Support In order to provide a 24/7 educational environment that gives our students the necessary background and experience with computing hardware and software, the department has a unique three-room student computer laboratory/study area totaling 4532 square feet.

Computing resources 1006 sq ft computer lab: 32 - 2.66 GHz Core 2 Duo, 2 GB RAM, 22” TFT Monitors

2108 sq ft computer lab: 42 – 3.6 GHz Pentium 4, 1 GB RAM 19” TFT Monitors; 6 – 3.2 GHz Pentium 4 1 GB RAM 19” TFT Monitors

1418 sq ft study area: 1 – 3.6 GHz Pentium 4, 1 GB RAM 19” TFT Monitors with scanner; 3 – laser printers; 1 – copier/scanner

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Microsoft Terminal Servers (48 concurrent user support, to be expanded to 96): 2 – Dual processor 2.93 GHz quad core Xeon blade servers with 24 GB Ram each.

The two student computer labs have computer screen projection capabilities that allow training on specialized software or teaching of computer concepts. These rooms are also used for the computer portions of the process design, process integration, numerical methods, and process control courses and allow computers to be integrated into the curriculum. Additional computer facilities are available at the university level and can be accessed directly from the departmental facilities through the campus network or from university supported computer labs. This wide array of facilities provides an excellent opportunity for students to become skilled in current computer technology.

Remote access to specialty software used in CHEN courses is being implemented via a Microsoft Terminal Server system. This system will allow up to 48 students to simultaneously use- computing resources from any personal computer connected to the Internet, increasing student productivity.

Other program facilities include a 910 square foot student lounge. The lounge is equipped with vending machines, microwaves, a sink, tables and chairs, and serves as a gathering place for students between classes. Lockers are provided for our students in the secure area outside the departmental computing facilities; our students have 24-hour ID-card access to all facilities.

The entire chemical engineering building provides wireless networking.

Software available to the students includes the following:

• Aspen Engineering Suite (Aspen+, Icarus Process Evaluator, Aspen Properties, and Hysys) • Bryan Research and Engineering’s ProMax • Matlab with Simulink • Labview • Microsoft Office 2007 • Gaussian/Gaussview • Polymath

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For support the computational research groups in the department, a CAT cluster is maintained together with the departments of mechanical and civil engineering. This cluster is located in a dedicated room in 101 JEB and its performance parameters are outlined below. 64 1000 Mbits OS X nodes Dual Processor G5 2 MHz 2 GB RAM (Network) 10.4.7

OS X 112 Dual Processor G5 2.3 4 1000 10.4.7

Dual Processor OS X 16 Dual Core Xeon 2.66 12 1000 10.5.7

Dual Processor OS X 7 Quad Core Xeon 2.8 16 1000 10.5.7

Dual Processor CentOS 16 Quad Core Xeon 3 16 1000 5.2

Two full-time computer support personnel and three computer student workers provide all computer support for the department.

The Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center Library is available to students of Texas A&M University and to the consortia members of the Process Safety Center. The library has over 13,000 titles ranging in categories from Process Safety to Risk Analysis and Case Histories to Manuals and Symposium Proceedings. The library holdings also include a set of Stanford Research Institute Process Economics manuals available for reference only. Corporations, retired experts in the process safety field and former faculty members donated over 75% of the titles located in the library. The material in this library is unique in the fact that many of the references and manuals are not published but specific to company processes or research specific and related to chemical engineering, process safety and many other chemical safety related topics. This library is unique because most of the resources have been donated and are very rare.

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Visitors to the website (http://psc.che.tamu.edu/library) can search for material by category, title, keywords, or author. Many of the faculty members in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering give class assignments or research projects related to specific or unique topics with reference materials only available from the Center library. Because of this, many undergraduate students have been exposed to the facility and sparked them to seek out more information on and an understanding of process safety.

Graduate students utilize the library for their research and historical reference. There is software that has been provided by consortia members that help students with data compilations and risk analysis, which helps them with research and lab experiments. Faculty members within Chemical Engineering assign projects for undergraduates that require them to research material and documentation that is only available in the library. This helps introduce the Center, our safety program, and data collection to the students who may not be aware of the significance the Center has in making safety second nature.

Databases Currently the process safety center has three databases which are available and downloadable from the website.

⎯ OSHA Occupational and Injury Data (trend figures and summary data tables), available to the general public ⎯ Spontaneously Combustible Hazardous Materials, available to the consortia members only ⎯ Preliminary Accident Database, searchable online from the members area website

1.7. Lindsay Lectures The endowed Lindsay Lecture Series honors James Donald Lindsay, founder of the Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University. This lecture series brings in distinguished lecturers, who are experts in their field, from industry and other universities, laboratories and institutions to present their latest work to our students and faculty. In 2008, the department

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created the McFerrin Lecturers, which are designed to have a prominent figure in chemical engineering give a series of lectures and spend additional time with our faculty and students. Below, we have provided a listing of lecturers for the last seven years.

2002 –Fall

10/1 Fernando A. Escobedo Entropy-Driven Partitioning of Polymers and Entropic Cornell University Toughening of Networks: A molecular Simulation Approach 10/11 Timothy M. Wick Bioreactor for Production of Tissue Engineered Cartilage: Georgia Institute of Technology Regulation of Hydrodynamics and Mass Transport to Enhance Cartilage growth 11/1 Eric Simanek Dendrimers Based on Melamine Texas A&M University 11/11 Patrick T. Mathers Modification to Polymer Microstructure Physical Properties University of Connecticut via Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane (Poss)

2003 –Spring

1/24 Ronald Larson DNA in Micro-Flows University of Michigan 1/30 C.F. Zukofski State of Colloidal Aggregation California Institute of Technology 2/7 David Kaplan Educating Cells with Proteins Tufts University 2/21 Frances H. Arnold Breeding Proteins California Institute of Technology 2/28 Robert J. Davis Solid Acids and Bases as Environmentally-Benign Catalytic University of Virginia Materials 3/7 David A. Kofke Understanding Thermodynamics Molecular Simulation University at Buffalo, State (and vice versa) University of New York 3/21 John G. Ekerd Silicon Nanoparticle and Mesoparticle Growth University of Texas at Austin 4/4 Richard M. Crook Dendrimer-Encapsulated Nanoparticles: Synthesis Texas A&M University Characterization, and Applications to Catalysis

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4/11 J. H. David Wu Hematopoiesis (Blood Cell Formation) in an Engineered University of Rochester Bone Marrow Tissue 2003 –Fall

9/12 Annelise Barron Advanced materials and strategies for genetic analysis in Northwestern University microchannel electrophoresis systems 9/19 Surya Mallapragada Synthesis of Novel Self-Assembling pH and Temperature Iowa State University Sensitive Block Copolymers for Drug/Gene Delivery 9/23 Stelios Andreadis Gene Therapy and genomics in tissue engineering SUNY at Buffalo 10/17 Bill Bentley Manipulation of metabolic landscape for biomolecular University of Maryland synthesis: understanding and controlling bacterial cell-to-cell signaling 10/21 Dan Hammer Dynamics of neutrophil adhesion: predictions made by University of Pennsylvania simulation and confirmed by experiment 11/4 Matt Neurock TBA University of Virginia 11/14 Mike Hall Modeling Homogeneous Iridium(III) Catalysts: Carbon- Texas A&M University Hydrogen Bond Activation and Alkane Dehydrogenation

2004 –Spring

2/20 Chris Floudas Structure Prediction in Protein Folding 3/12 Jackie Ying Nanostructure Processing of Advanced Catalysts and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Biomaterials 3/26 Mark Burns TBA University of Michigan 4/23 John Brady Micromechanics of Complex Fluids California Institute of Technology

2004 –Fall

9/3 Surita Bhatia Rheology and large-scale structure of block polyelectrolyte

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University of Massachusetts, Amherst micelles: Analogies to attractive colloids 9/24 Jeremy Edwards The challenges of systems biology: Using engineering tools University of Delaware to further understand biological systems 11/19 Thomas Wood Bioremediation and applied biotechnology University of Connecticut, Storrs 12/3 Susan Roberts Cellular and metabolic engineering University of Massachusetts, Amherst

2005 –Spring

1/21 Frank Doyle Robustness analysis of circadian rhythm gene network in University of California, the fly Santa Barbara 1/28 Martin Yarmush Molecular and cellular approaches for biomedical diagnostics Rutgers University and therapeutics 2/11 Dibakar Bhattacharyya Advanced membrane technology University of Kentucky 2/18 Bamin Khomami Hydrodynamic instabilities and micro-dynamics of Washington University, in St. Louis complex fluids 2/25 Fernando Muzzio Mixing in Multiphase and granular flows Rutgers University 3/4 Panos Pardalos Global and combinatorial optimization University of Florida 3/25 Brian Coppola New directions in teaching and learning in the chemical University of Michigan sciences 4/1 Eric Kaler Polymerization in complex fluids University of Delaware 4/8 Klavs Jensen Microsystems for chemical and biological applications Massachusetts Institute of Technology

2005 –Fall

9/13 Howard Stone Themes in microfluidics: Mixing, colloidal armor, and a Harvard University cellular-scale differential manometer 9/30 Stephen J. Fonash Nanobeads and nanowires: Unique fabrication approaches

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Pennsylvania State University and their applications 10/7 Bernhard L. Trout Molecular Engineering of Chemical Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology 10/21 Christopher W. Jones Isolated Sites vs. Complexes that Cluster – Rationally Georgia Institute of Technology Immobilizing Metal Complexes for Catalytic Applications 11/11 Marianthi Ierapetritou Uncertainty Issues in process design and operations Rutgers University 11/18 Timothy Barbari Affinity Membranes for Specific Protein Capture University of Maryland 12/2 B. Wayne Bequette Biomedical Applications of Control and Estimation Theory Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

2006 –Spring

3/10 Ronald W. Rousseau Crystal Quality and Product Design Georgia Institute of Technology 3/24 Paul Amyotte The Importance of Making Safety Second Nature Dalhousie University 3/31 Michael J. Soloman Colloidal building blocks: Assembling ordered structures University of Michigan from micron-scale particles 4/7 Richard D. Braatz Multiscale Systems Theory with Applications to University of Illinois at Microelectronic Processes Urbana-Champaign 4/14 Victor Zhirnov Fundamentals of Heat Removal: Limits and Opportunities Semiconductor Research Corporation

4/27 Jerry Spivey Metal Foams as catalyst supports: partial oxidation of Louisiana State University methane as an example

2007 –Spring

2/9 Robert S. Parker Model-based Cancer Chemotherapy Design: From University of Pittsburgh Developmental Therapeutics to First-Line Care

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2/16 George Georgiou Discovery of Therapeutic Antibodies and Enzymes University of Texas at Austin 3/2 Raul F. Lobo From Nanoparticles to Crystals: Nucleation in the Age of University of Delaware Complex Materials 3/9 Menachem Elimelech Aggregation Kinetics of Nanoparticles in Aquatic Systems 3/23 David J. Mooney Polymers that instruct cells to control tissue Regeneration Harvard University 3/30 Ronald L. Miller Development and Testing of the Thermal and Transport Colorado School of Mines Concept Inventory

2007–Fall

9/21 B. Montgomery Pettitt DNA Chips: Nanoscale to Gigabucks Dept. of Chemistry University of Houston 10/5 Paul S. Cremer Using supported Bi-layers as a Separation Mix Dept. of Chemistry Texas A&M University 10/12 Jan Miller The Hydrophobic surface state: Water structure, surface Metallurgical Engineering forces and adsorption phenomena The University of Utah 10/19 Darrell Velegol Programming bacteria: From toy systems to applications Dept. Chemical Engineering Pennsylvania State University 11/13 Richard Willson Biomolecular Recognition for Purification and Diagnosis: Chemical Engineering Metal Affinity and Micro Retroteflectars University of Houston 11/16 Stephen P. Beaudoin Adhesion of micron- and nanoscale particles to patterned Chemical Engineering Dept. surfaces Purdue University 11/20 James P. Landers A generic microfluidic platform for ultrafast genetic analysis: Dept. of Chemistry sample in/ answer out capabilities that revolutionize University of Virginia clinical diagnosis 11/30 Perla Balbuena * Applications of Nanotechnology to Catalysis

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Chemical Engineering Texas A&M University * Ethel Ashworth-Tsutsui Memorial Awards Ceremony for the Women in Science and Engineering

2008–Spring

1/11 William B. Russel From Pillars and Rings to Infinite Arrays: Pattern Formation in Dept. of Chemical Engineering Thin Polymer Films due to Electrohydrodynamic Instabilities Princeton university 1/18 Roger T. Bonnecaze Flow, Memory and Aging of Soft Particle Pastes Dept. of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin 2/1 James B. Rawlings Chemical Reaction engineering at the small scale – still Chemical & Biological Eng. plenty of room at the bottom University of Wisconsin-Madison 2/15 Kristi S. Anseth Engineering Hydrogel Niches for Tissue Regeneration Chemical & Biological Eng. University of Colorado at Boulder 3/7 Laura E. Niklason Paths to an Engineered Human Vessel Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Yale University 3/17 Annabella Selloni Theoretical/computational studies of materials and processes Chemistry Dept relevant to solar energy conversion and utilization Princeton University 3/28 Christopher A. Voigt Programming Bacteria Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of California-San Francisco 4/4 Daniel E. Resasco Catalytic Strategies for Upgrading Fuels & Biofuels Chemical Engineering & Materials Science University of Oklahoma 4/11 Andrew J. Putnam Parsing the Chemical and Mecanical Effects of the Chemical & Biomedical Eng. Extracellular Matrix Using Biomimetric Materials University of California-Irvine 4/25 Alex Katz Outer-sphere control of heterogeneous catalysis: Dept. of Chemical Engineering cooperativity and confinement University of California-Berkeley

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5/2 Jennifer Elisseeff Translating Musculoskeletal Regeneration: from biomaterials Biomedical Engineering to stem cells John Hopkins University 5/23 Michael Shuler Body-on-a-chip: A tool for Predictive Pharmacology/ Dept. of Chemical Engineering toxicology Cornell University

2008 –Fall

9/3 Plamen Atanassov Hierarchical Structures in Fuel Cell Electrocatalysis Chemical & Nuclear Eng. -Albuquerque 9/24 Jong-in Hahm Engineering nanomaterial platforms: Toward highly sensitive Dept. of Chemical Engineering and specific biomedical reactions The Pennsylvania State University 10/1 John Yin Pandemic in a Petri Dish: Measure and Models of Virus Chemical & Biological Eng. Growth and Infection Spread University of Wisconsin-Madison 10/22 Yunshan Yan Zeolite Thin Films: From Computer Chips to Space Station Chemical & Environmental Eng. University of California-Riverside 11/5 Suljo Linic Design of heterogeneous (electro) catalysts guided by Chemical Engineering Dept. molecular insights University of Michigan 11/12 Babatunde A. Ogunnaike* Elucidating the control Mechanism for DNA damage repair Chemical Engineering Dept. with the P53-system: single cell data analysis and ensemble University of Delaware modeling 11/13 Babatunde A. Ogunnaike* Design, Development and Implementation of an Alternative Chemical Engineering Dept. Structure for Next Generation Regulating Controls University of Delaware *McFerrin Lecturer

2009 –Spring

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2/6 Wilfred Chen Biomolecular Tools for Sustainable Energy and Improved Chemical and Environmental Engineering Human Health University of California, Riverside 2/25 Enrique Iglesia Nanoclusters and Nanospaces in Catalysis College of Chemistry University of California at Berkeley 3/11 David A. Kofke The “Easy” Phases Can Still Provide Interest, Challenge and Chemical and Biological Engineering Opportunity University at Buffalo, The State University at NY 3/18 Bradley F. Chmelka Guest Host Interactions in Self-Assembling Solutions and Chemical Engineering Solids University of California, Santa Barbara 3/25 Howard Brenner Bi-Velocity Hydrodynamics and Transport Processes Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4/1 Daniel V. Pack (Re)Engineering Gene Delivery: Toward Construction of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering Artificial Viruses University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

1.8. Advisory Council and Their Role A very important body for constituent involvement is the CHEN Advisory Council, which includes 38 active members. The Advisory Board encompasses all key constituency groups: alumni, industry and co-op/intern employers, and corporate and private sponsors (see Appendix E). The Advisory Board members are regularly provided opportunities to interact with the current students and to receive updates on the status of our program. In turn, the Advisory Board provides feedback to the department head and faculty based on those updates and student interviews.

The advisory council consists of individuals who are friends and supporters of the department. Such friends and supporters will be primarily from the industrial sector, but selected members may be asked from the University Community. Since the Chemical Engineering program is an integrated program of graduate/undergraduate education and service, the committee represents a balance of individuals interested in these various programs. The membership shall

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consist of no more than 75% to 80% Former Students and preferably 25-35% of graduates from other universities. The term service shall be for a period of four years and is renewable subject to the discretion of the department head. If a member of the Advisory Council misses more than one called meeting of the Council in a two-year period, the member automatically forfeits his/her membership on the Council.

2. Graduate Program

2.1. Research Centers

Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center Chemicals play a key role in today’s high-tech world. The chemical industry is linked to every technologically advanced industry, and only a handful of the goods and services we enjoy on a daily basis would exist without essential chemical products. Furthermore, chemicals are a big business in Texas; where the state’s chemical complex is the largest in the world. The industry provides jobs for more than 85,000 Texans, and the state’s chemical products are shipped worldwide at a value of $15 billion dollars annually. The use of chemicals is a two-edged sword. Safe use creates a healthier economy and a higher standard of living. Unsafe use threatens our lives, our businesses and ultimately our world. For this reason, working and living safely with chemicals are the ultimate focus of the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center.

The Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center was established and endowed in 1995 in memory of Mary Kay O’Connor, an Operations Superintendent killed in an explosion on October 23, 1989 at the Phillips Petroleum Complex in Pasadena, TX. In 1997, Dr. Sam Mannan, because of his reputation as a world-renowned expert in process safety, was appointed Director of the center. The center’s mission is to promote safety as second nature in industry around the world with goals to prevent future accidents. In addition, the Center develops safer processes, equipment, procedures and management strategies to minimize losses within the processing industry. However, the center realizes that it is necessary to advance process safety technologies in order to keep the industry competitive. Other functions of the center include that it serves all stakeholders, provides a common forum, and develops programs and activities

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that will forever change the paradigm of process safety. The funding for the center comes from a combination of the endowment, consortium funding, and contract projects.

National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing (NCTM) Texas ranks number 2-3 in basic biomedical research expenditures, but ranks number 27-30 in commercialization of biomedical research findings. This means that Texas is missing the economic and jobs benefits from early research and has never been successful in building a large commercial biotechnology or pharmaceutical base. A major reason for failure is that Texas is missing critical core facilities and “know how” to complete the drug development process within Texas.

The recently created NCTM will focus on graduate education and research on a variety of topics related to the manufacturing of therapeutic agents and vaccines. Technological solutions to problems associated with the development of flexible manufacturing processes and facilities will be sought and regulatory issues related to therapeutics manufacturing will be studied. The Center will build upon and expand existing research and academic projects and initiatives in the Dwight Look College of Engineering (primarily in the departments of chemical and industrial engineering). Programs and faculty within the Colleges of Architecture, Science and Agriculture & Life Sciences are also involved in the activities of the Center. NCTM is a joint TEES and TAMU Center because TEES administers the research programs of faculty in the Dwight Look College of Engineering. The mission of the National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing is to work collaboratively with government entities, pharmaceutical companies, and other partners to develop and apply science and technology to develop technologies for rapid and flexible therapeutics manufacturing, and to educate the next generation of leaders in pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The Center will also study regulatory implications related to highly flexible modular manufacturing. The Center is currently supported by a $50 million State of Texas grant, $42 million of which will be used to construct a building to house classroom and pilot scale laboratory facilities to support the Center’s educational programs and a small cGMP manufacturing floor for industrial partners. The NCTM building is currently scheduled for completion in December 2011. Plans for this facility are located in Appendix F.

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The NCTM is the key program that will fill the critical gap in biopharma manufacturing in the State of Texas. The NCTM will enable universities and biotechnology companies to reap full value for their early discoveries, and keep all of their operations in Texas. Flexible manufacturing is the key attribute of the NCTM that will allow it to serve an extremely broad range of Texas researchers. Together with the pre-clinical programs at the College of Veterinary Medicine at TAMU, the NCTM will complete the entire intermediate and advanced development piece of pharmaceutical development. Dr. Michael Pishko is the current director of the NCTM.

2.2. Faculty Research Highlights The department is blessed with a very productive and intellectually diverse faculty. Below are a number of recent research highlights for our faculty in the last few years. These highlights are by no means all inclusive, but they provide one with a flavor for the multidisciplinary work occurring in the department.

Power Harvesting Research Could Bring about Next Generation of Electronics Utilizing materials known in scientific circles as “piezoelectrics,” Tahir Cagin, professor in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering whose research focuses on nanotechnology, has made a significant discovery in the area of power harvesting – a field that aims to develop self-powered devices that do not require replaceable power supplies, such as batteries. Specifically, Cagin and his partners from the University of Houston have found that a certain type of piezoelectric material can covert energy at a 100 percent increase when manufactured at a very small size – in this case, around 21 nanometers in thickness. What’s more, when materials are constructed bigger or smaller than this specific size they show a significant decrease in their energy-converting capacity, he said.

His findings, which are detailed in “Physical Review B,” the scientific journal of the American Physical Society, could have potentially profound effects for low-powered electronic devices such as cell phones, laptops, personal communicators and a host of other computer-related devices used by everyone from the average consumer to law enforcement officers and even soldiers in the battlefield. Many of these high-tech devices contain components that are measured in nanometers – a microscopic unit of measurement representing one-billionth of a

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meter. Cagin’s discovery stands to advance an area of study that has grown increasingly popular due to consumer demand for compact portable and wireless devices with extended lifespans.

Advancement in Molecular Filters Could Lead to More Efficient Manufacturing Working with colleagues from the University of Minnesota, Hae-Kwon Jeong, assistant professor in Texas A&M’s Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, has developed what the team believes to be a commercially viable membrane that achieves separation of molecules with a precision and efficiency never before realized. Their findings, which are published in the July edition of “Science,” could translate into more environmentally friendly and cost-efficient methods for producing everything from petrochemicals to pharmaceuticals. The research involves enhancing the performance of a particular type of molecular sieve, very small filters that help to separate molecules needed for important processes from other unnecessary and even sometimes detrimental molecules. Jeong’s research involved enhancing the application of molecular sieves by making molecular sieve membranes from zeolites. Zeolites are inorganic aluminosilicate structures containing numerous uniform pores, each less than a nanometer in diameter. When fabricated as thin films such as membranes, molecules pass through these minute pores as they are separated.

Creation of Artificial Vasculatures Could Advance Tissue Engineering Utilizing fractal patterns similar to those created by lightning strikes, Victor Ugaz, associate professor in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, has created a network of microchannels that could advance the field of tissue engineering by serving as a three- dimensional vasculature for the support of larger tissue constructs, such as organs. Ugaz’s work, which was undertaken with colleague Arul Jayaraman and appears in “Advanced Materials,” is funded by the National Institutes of Health. The findings detail the construction of an elaborate network of fractal channels that mimic the naturally occurring vasculatures found in trees as well as in the human body. The controlled manufacturing of these networks, which are capable of supporting transport of fluid, is the first step in translating this work to a tissue engineering application where it potentially stands to make a significant impact. So far, Ugaz and his team have found that these fractal pathways can indeed serve as an elaborate vasculature that is capable of sustaining transport in manner suited for tissue engineering

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purposes. What’s more, by adjusting certain variables, Ugaz can reliably reproduce these architectures not only in acrylic blocks but in biodegradable porous materials that allow for cell cultures to be embedded in the area surrounding the vasculature. He has even begun widening the vascular channels to facilitate flow through them and interconnecting separate networks to form larger vasculatures.

Biofuels Technology Could Help Relieve Nation of Dependence on Foreign Oil The MixAlco process, developed by Professor Mark T. Holtzapple and Research Engineer Cesar B. Granda, both in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, is serving as significant step in helping relieve the United States’ dependence on foreign oil, which accounts for 73 percent of the oil used by the nation. The process is capable of producing renewable gasoline from biomass – any feedstock including, trees, grass, manure, sewage sludge, garbage, agricultural residues and energy crops. It does this by converting the biomass into mixed alcohols that can be blended into gasoline. Using additional steps, the alcohols can be converted into gasoline that is nearly identical to that which is derived from crude oil. A key aspect of the MixAlco process that differentiates it from more costly alternatives is its ability to rely on naturally occurring soil organisms to digest the biomass. This means that the MixAlco process doesn’t require the often costly sterile environments needed by other methods that utilize genetically engineered organisms, he explained. In addition, the alcohol-based fuels produced from the crops used by the MixAlco process are more productive in terms of net energy per acre than the well-publicized method that involves utilizing corn to produce ethanol. This means less land is required to grow feedstocks. Per acre, farmers can grow two to 10 times more energy crops than if they were growing corn. Just as important, this process is environmentally friendly. The combustion of biofuels is clean-burning and doesn’t contribute to global warming because no net carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, he explained. Any carbon dioxide that is released is recycled through photosynthesis, unlike what occurs during combustion of fossil fuels. What’s more, there is less potential to damage ground water because less waste is being stored in landfills. In addition, the energy crops that the process uses require less fertilizer, pesticides, and herbicides than do traditional crops such as corn.

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Research Yields New Details on Evolution Process Working with populations of yeast cells, which were color-coded by florescent markers, Katy Kao, assistant professor in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and Stanford University colleague Gavin Sherlock, were able to evolve the cells while maintaining a visual analysis of the entire process. Their research, which appears in “Nature Genetics,” has resulted in the most detailed picture of the evolutionary process to date, revealing the evolutionary process to be much more dynamic than initially thought, with multiple beneficial adaptations arising within a population. These adaptations trigger a competition between these segments, known as “clonal interference.” It’s the first direct experimental evidence of this phenomenon in eukaryotic cells, or cells with nuclei, and it contrasts the widely accepted classical model of evolution, which doesn’t account for simultaneously developing beneficial adaptations. Instead that model adopts a linear approach, theorizing a population acquires such adaptations successively, one after another. Rather than a competition occurring, the model posits a complete replacement of one generation by another better-adapted generation. The knowledge of this process could prove to be very important because it helps paint a complete picture of an organism’s evolution. With that picture intact, scientists stand to gain a better understanding of the way certain highly resistant infections develop and progress.

Research Examines How Infections Begin in Human GI Tract Arul Jayaraman, assistant professor in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, has developed an artificial system that mimics the unique bacteria-laden environment of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The system is detailed in “Lab on a Chip” and represents a significant step in understanding bacterial interactions in the GI tract because it accurately simulates conditions within that area by enabling human epithelial cells to grow in balance with the naturally occurring bacteria (termed “commensal”) that reside in the GI tract. Jayaraman’ system is shedding light on how certain pathogenic bacteria strains such as E. coli cause infection in people begins by unraveling the complex “talk” between the trillions of cells living in the human GI tract.

Natural Gas Refining Process Results in Industry Breakthrough A refining process for converting natural gas into useable fuels conceived by Kenneth R. Hall, a professor in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and the associate director 43

of the Texas Engineering Experiment Station is helping increase access to the roughly five quadrillion standard cubic feet of natural gas remotely located throughout the world. That’s the equivalent of about 500 billion barrels of oil that are currently inaccessible. The technology, which is licensed to Synfuels, focuses on efficient high-temperature natural gas conversion into acetylene, which is then converted into ethylene at moderate pressures and temperatures. After the ethylene passes through a catalytic reactor, it is converted into products such as gasoline and jet fuel. Synfuels representatives state the process yields a significantly higher amount of usable products than traditional industry standards and could mean millions of barrels of new petroleum products – all produced more efficiently and in an environmentally friendly method that helps reduce sources of global warming.

Deciphering Bacteria Language Could Lead to Better Methods for Fighting Infection Examining Escherichia coli bacteria – widely considered a model organism for microbiology studies – Professor Thomas K. Wood of the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering has succeeded in identifying, decoding and even modifying cell-to-cell signals so that biofilm formation is inhibited. This understanding of the way bacterial cells “talk” to each other could lead to more effective methods for fighting the often persistent and serious infections caused by biofilms. Wood’s findings are covered in a series of five published articles, two of which appear in “The International Society for Microbial Ecology Journal” – a member of Nature Publishing Group’s stable of scientific publications. In addition, his progress is detailed in “The Public Library of Science ONE,” “Applied and Environmental Engineering” and in “BMC Microbiology.” Wood’s work is important in addressing the widespread health issues resulting from bacteria in its biofilm form. Put simply, biofilm is a protective and adhesive slime excreted by bacteria that have joined together to form a community. The National Institutes of Health estimate that about 90 percent of infections in humans are caused by biofilm. The Centers for Disease Control estimate biofilm to be present in 65 percent of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections. Biofilms have been linked to everything from gum diseases to cystic fibrosis. They typically are the cause for the fatal infections that develop post surgery. More commonly, biofilm is the chief culprit behind the nagging ear infections so common among children.

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Researchers Explore Behavior of LNG-related Fires Spearheading a collaboration of more than 40 experts from industry, academia and various regulatory agencies, M. Sam Mannan, professor in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, is working to develop models that can help predict the behavior of the intense fires resulting from a potential liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanker spill. Liquefied natural gas is natural gas that has been cooled to the point that it condenses to a liquid. That process reduces its volume by about 600 times, making it more economical to transport. For a fire or hazardous situation to occur, LNG must be ignited after first vaporizing and mixing with air in the proper proportions. That conversion can happen very quickly once a spill occurs. While the United States has federal regulations in place that address potential spills from land-based LNG facilities, regulations do not exist for LNG spills on water, despite the primary mode of transportation being sea-faring vessel. Working to develop a consensus approach in modeling these potential fires, Mannan’s group is examining numerous factors, including the size of the spill, its dispersion in water and the intensity of the heat radiation generated from a fire if the spill is ignited. These are all aspects of a pool-based LNG fire that will vary greatly from one that occurs over land.

Elucidating the Organic-Ordered Mesoporous Silica Interface Prof. Dan Shantz and his group are conducting research that is aimed at improving the pharmaceutical manufacturing process by developing new materials that play key roles in the chemical reactions required to produce drug molecules. These materials, which act as enantioselective catalysts for making drug molecules, could potentially improve the efficiency of the process, as they provide new, more environmentally benign, approaches to the creation of pharmaceuticals.

Catalyst Decay Fundamentals: Molecular Modeling In collaboration with UTC Power, Johnson Matthey and Brookhaven National Laboratory, Prof. Perla Balbuena is determining the optimal alloy nanoparticles to maximize durability and activity of fuel cell electrocatalysts using first-principles computational design. Fuel cells are expected to play a significant role as alternative power sources for a variety of devices ranging from cell phones to cars. The current project has specific goals set by DOE concerning the performance of the new catalytic materials. . 45

2.3. Office of Graduate Studies The Office of Graduate Studies (OGS) is responsible for administering the graduate program for the University. Responsibility directly related to graduate students includes: • Preparing and issuing policies, rules, and scheduling examinations governing the graduate program and graduate assistantships • Reviewing students’ records to determine whether they have complied with all the necessary degree requirements at each stage of their progress • Granting formal admission into the graduate program and approving the removal of students’ probationary status

Additionally, the Office of Graduate Studies is responsible for administering the Graduate Faculty. The Graduate Faculty consists of the President, the Executive Vice President and Provost, the Associate Provost, the Executive Director of the Office of Graduate Studies, the Deans of all colleges, selected Directors, and a properly qualified academic group appointed by degree programs of the University by serving on student advisory committees and teaching graduate courses. Individuals, regardless of rank, who are not members of the Graduate Faculty of Texas A&M University may not teach graduate courses or serve on student advisory committees unless the Office of Graduate Studies grants special approval.

The Department Head initiates nomination for membership on the Graduate Faculty. The Graduate Faculty is composed of Members, Associate Members, and Special Appointments. Members and Associate Members are selected from qualified individuals of the academic staff of Texas A&M University, from staff of other parts of the University, from the Texas A&M University System and from affiliated research organizations located in College Station. The Adjunct Member classification is used for recognized scholars who do not hold a permanent appointment to the faculty of the University, but otherwise meet the basis requirements for the status of Member. Special Appointments are temporary appointments to the Graduate Faculty that allow for the teaching of a single graduate course or for membership on a specific student’s advisory committee. The Special Appointment does not count towards the minimum number of graduate faculty necessary to form the committee. Almost all full-time faculty members in the Department are members of the graduate faculty.

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The Department Graduate Advisor serves as a liaison between the Graduate Studies Office and the Department of Chemical Engineering on graduate matters. The Department Graduate Advisor is also responsible for establishing and maintaining a graduate student database and will normally act for the Department Head in certain graduate matters. Dr. Daniel Shantz serves as the Department Graduate Advisor and Ms. Towanna Arnold is the staff Assistant for Graduate Affairs.

2.4. Admission Process (University Level) The Texas A&M University formal graduate admission process is centralized and is administered by the Office of Admission and Records (OAR). Both paper-based and on-line graduate applications are accepted. In addition to the application, the University requires the Graduate Record Examination; official transcripts from all previously attended institutions, and three letters of recommendation. Applications are held at the OAR until GRE scores and official transcripts have been processed. Letters of recommendation are submitted electronically. The OAR (using the standards in the Handbook on Placement of Foreign Graduate Students by the National Association of Foreign Student Affairs in order to determine the applicant’s equivalent GPA) evaluates international transcripts. GRE scores may be self-reported by the applicant but must be verified by the start of the first semester of enrollment.

When the OAR releases the application to the Department, the graduate office will attach the material that has been previously submitted to the department (letters of reference, statement of purpose, resumes, previous publications, etc.). The application is then routed to the graduate program secretary who insures compliance with the departmental and university admission standards. The Graduate Recruiting Committee then reviews applications and makes recommendations to the department head regarding admissions. If the department head is in agreement with the recommendations, the committee chair notifies OAR about the admissions decisions. In addition to making the preliminary admission decision, the Graduate Recruiting Committee can make recommendations, with regard to prerequisite coursework, financial assistance, and English language requirements. The Office of Admission and Records officially notifies the applicant of the admission decision.

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Entrance Requirements for Graduate Students The University computes the GPR (Grade Point Ratio) on a four-point scale for each applicant. The last 60 credit hours of completed coursework are used in computing the GPR for master’s applicants. For doctoral applicants, the GPR is computed for graduate coursework if a graduate degree has been conferred. Generally, a minimum GPR of 3.0 is required for admission into the graduate program at the master’s level since this minimum is required for graduate course work. The university strives for a graduate student population with GRE scores in the upper fifty percentile.

The Department considers various factors when making graduate admission decisions, such as quality of institutions previously attended, content of past academic work, letters of recommendation, applicant’s statement of purpose, personal interviews, and writing samples.

The University requires all international graduate students whose native language is not English to fulfill an English proficiency requirement. Verification of English proficiency can be achieved by a Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) score of at least 550 (213 computer based) or GRE Verbal score of 400. Those graduate applicants who are not verified must take the English Proficiency Examination (ELPE) prior to registering for courses in their first semester. The ELPE evaluates English skills in the area of grammar, vocabulary, reading, listening, written composition, and oral communication. The English Language Institute (ELI) administers the ELPE, and offers English courses in these areas. The Departmental Graduate Advisor, who then makes recommendations with the help of the ELI for remedial coursework.

2.5. The Chemical Engineering Graduate Program

Recruiting Efforts Graduate recruiting efforts are continuous and take several forms. In September of each year the Staff Assistant for Graduate Affairs mails packets of our graduate program information to various Chemical Engineering departments across the United States. This packet includes a graduate brochure, poster, summary information sheet, as well as a list of our outstanding undergraduates graduating within the year. Other universities in turn mail similar information

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to our department. Students identified by other programs as interested in graduate school are contacted via mail with information including an introduction letter, a chemical engineering fact sheet, and a reply card. When the students respond, an application, and additional information is emailed to those who are interested in our program. The Departmental website is also used as a means to advertise the graduate program and includes information about the program, answers to frequently asked questions, and information about how to apply to the program. The department is also represented at the fall annual AIChE meeting graduate recruiting day. In addition to these efforts, faculty giving seminars at other ChE departments are encouraged to request to meet with seniors interested in graduate school. The department has a standard ‘set’ of power point recruiting slides for this purpose. One of the goals of the program is increase the percentage of high-quality domestic PhD students. In addition to the items mentioned above, the department leverages efforts at the college level through the Engineering Student Services and Programs Office (ESSAP). The department is also planning to initiate a more rigorous effort to recruit undergraduates from schools in the region.

Admissions Admissions decisions are made at the department level by the recruiting and admissions committee, a subcommittee of the graduate committee. Since Fall 2006, advising and admissions duties have been separated in the graduate committee. While all committee members are involved in policy issues, the Associate Head for Graduate Programs handles advising but does not formally participate in admissions. One person on the recruiting and admissions subcommittee is appointed by the Department Head to be ultimately in charge of admissions decisions. Of the seven faculty members on the Graduate Committee, five are on the recruiting and admissions committee.

The deadline for applications is January 1st and prior to this date, the Admissions Committee meets to review applications and recommend students for admission. In general, the department seeks students with a background in chemical engineering or closely related discipline, a GPA of 3.4, verbal GRE of 450 or greater and quantitative GRE of 750 or greater. However, none of these criteria are used solely to reject an application. The department

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typically seeks to admit between 20-25 Ph.D. students and 0-5 M.S. students annually, depending on the needs of the faculty. Admitted domestic students and international students currently located in the US are invited to visit the department on an open house weekend in March. In an effort to increase the number of domestic graduate students in the department, we currently offer one-time “top-up” fellowships ranging from $2000 to $8000 for highly qualified students. The department also admits a few students at the beginning of each spring term to meet any additional faculty needs.

General degree requirements The primary graduate degrees administered by the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering are the Doctor of Philosophy, the Master of Science (thesis and non-thesis options), and the Master of Engineering. In addition, the Dwight Look College of Engineering administers the Doctor of Engineering degree with Chemical Engineering as a subject area. The following sections describe the requirements for each of these degrees in more detail. A Degree Plan formally specifies the exact courses required and the Advisory Committee for each student and is prepared by the student in consultation with the Chair of his/her Advisory Committee. In this document a “term” is defined as a semester (e.g. fall or spring term) or a full summer. Detailed information regarding degree requirements can be found in the Graduate Handbook (Appendix G).

For all of the degree plans listed below, students must demonstrate minimum scholarship standards to remain in the graduate program. All students must maintain an aggregate GPR of 3.0 or higher. In the event a student’s aggregate GPR falls below a 3.0 they have one academic semester to remedy the situation. Failure to do that will result in dismissal from the graduate program. Similarly, a grade below C in any course will result in dismissal from the graduate program.

2.6. Doctor of Philosophy The PhD requires ninety-six hours beyond a baccalaureate degree or sixty four hours beyond a master’s degree. These totals include a significant amount of credit for CHEN 691 (research). Two hours of Departmental Seminar (CHEN 681) and two hours of Graduate Mentoring Seminar

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(CHEN 689/695) must also be completed. The specific course requirements imposed by the Department of Chemical Engineering are that a PhD student must complete a minimum of 25 hours of formal course work beyond the baccalaureate degree. These courses are classified into two categories: required courses and electives.

Course requirements for completion of the PhD (degree plan) The following are the required 13 hours of courses that all PhD students must complete as core courses:

• CHEN 604: Chemical Engineering Process Analysis (3) • CHEN 623: Fundamentals and Applications of Thermodynamics for Chemical Engineers (3) • CHEN 624: Chemical Engineering Kinetics and Reactor Design (3) • CHEN 629: Advanced Transport Phenomena (3) • CHEN 601: Chemical Engineering Laboratory Safety and Health (1)

Total Credits: 13 “core” credits

The remaining 12 credit hours may be taken within the department, or outside the department (subject to the approval of the Graduate Advisor). Some points of note:

• The electives must be formal graduate-level courses and should be approved by the Graduate Advisor. In special cases, up to three credit hours of advanced undergraduate level courses outside chemical engineering may be taken outside the Department of Chemical Engineering. The student must submit a written petition approved by the Committee Chair of the student and the Graduate Advisor. • At least three hours of credit must be for courses taken outside the Department of Chemical Engineering. • Graduate courses completed at peer institutions and passed with a grade of B or better may be used towards satisfying the departmental electives. With approval of the Graduate Advisor, up to nine credit hours may be transferred from other institutions. These courses cannot have been used towards another degree. • Graduate courses cannot be retaken for credit. • In addition to the 12 hours of electives two hours of CHEN 681 (Seminar) and two hours of CHEN 695 (Graduate Mentoring Seminar) must appear on the degree plan

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Thus, based on the above, a typical degree plan will include:

• 13 hours of “core” credits • 12 hours (typically four, three-credit courses) of electives • 2 hours of CHEN 681 (Seminar) • 2 hours of CHEN 695 (Graduate Mentoring Seminar) • Remainder (69 hours) CHEN 691 (Research)

Students who enter the PhD program with a BS must spend a minimum of two academic years in resident study. Students who enter the PhD program with a master degree must spend a minimum of one academic year (2 adjacent terms) in resident study. To satisfy the continuous residence requirement, the student must complete a minimum of 9 credit hours per semester or 6 credit hours for a 10-week summer semester.

Steps for Completing a PhD Degree in Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University 1. Select a research advisor by the end of the student’s first term at Texas A&M. Science majors should see the Graduate Advisor to determine their effective starting dates for this timetable. A “term” is a semester or a full summer. 2. File the degree plan by the end of the first calendar year (three terms) at Texas A&M. This step is necessary to continue receiving financial aid beyond three terms at Texas A&M. 3. Complete the Proficiency exam satisfactorily (details below). 4. Complete the Research Proposal, pass the Preliminary Exam, and submit the Research Proposal to the Office of Graduate Studies, by the end of the sixth semester in residency. If the student fails to meet these time limits, he/she must request permission from the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering to continue receiving financial aid. 5. Students must satisfy the Department presentation criterion by participating in the Departmental Symposia; second year students present in the summer symposium (generally in May), and fourth year students present in the winter symposium (generally in January). 6. Finish the dissertation, pass the final oral examination, and meet the Departmental Publication Criterion (details appear on p 6). File the dissertation and follow the check-out procedure (see the Assistant for Graduate Affairs for a check-out form).

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Departmental Doctoral Proficiency Examination The purpose of the Chemical Engineering Doctoral Proficiency Examination is to determine the student's qualifications for a PhD degree, determined on the basis of the student to demonstrate competency in a common body of knowledge. Two criteria evaluate these skills:

1. Course Criterion: This criterion assesses the student’s performance in the four “core” chemical engineering courses (604, 623, 624, and 629). A minimum GPA of 3.25 in these core classes is necessary for continuation into the PhD program. 2. Written Proficiency Exams. The Department Proficiency exams are used to assess a student’s competency in a common body of knowledge, and are outlined below.

Timing

The written proficiency exams will be administered two times per year, in January and May. All PhD students are expected to sit for these exams at the end of their first semester in residency.

Format

The proficiency will consist of three two-hour exams. One will cover thermodynamics/material balances, one will cover kinetics/reactor design, and one will cover fluid mechanics/transport. These exams are to focus on undergraduate level problems/concepts. More specifically, these problems should be of a level that a student earning a B in the corresponding undergraduate course at TAMU could reasonably be expected to solve. The exams are closed book.

Evaluation

Within two weeks of taking the exams, the students will be notified of their performance. There are three outcomes for each of the three exams. The first is pass, the second is fail (retake), and the third is fail (terminal MS). The pass option means the students has fulfilled this criterion for the exam in question. The fail retake option would be invoked for a student who fails one or two of the three exams the first time they are taken. The student would not have to retake any of the individual exams where a pass grade was made. The fail terminal MS option means that the student’s final degree from Texas A&M will be an MS degree. This

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option would be invoked for a student who has either (1) failed any one of the exams twice, or (2) failed all three exams the first time they were taken.

Process for Handling Students Who Do Not Satisfactorily Meet These Two Criteria:

In the event that a student does not satisfy the requirements, the following courses of action will be pursued:

1. Students failing to meet the Course Criterion cannot proceed to the PhD. The student can pursue a Master of Science or Engineering as the terminal degree from the Chemical Engineering Department. 2. Students who fail one or two of the three written proficiency exams must retake and pass them the following semester. Students who fail all three exams in the first sitting or fail any exam in two consecutive sittings can pursue a Master of Science or Engineering as the terminal degree from Chemical Engineering Department.

Should the student fail to meet either criterion one or two above, the student can petition the Department Head requesting an exemption. The Department Head will consider petitions on a case-by-case basis.

Departmental Publication Criterion As a means to encourage and foster scholarship in the Department has implemented the following minimum Publication Criterion for PhD students:

• At the time of the thesis defense two papers should be accepted/in press/in print.

Students who do not meet this criterion will have to petition the Department Head requesting a waiver.

2.7. Master of Science (MS) Degree: Thesis Option The Master of Science with thesis option requires a minimum of 32 semester credit hours of approved courses and research. Of those hours, a minimum of 25 credit hours must be formal course work. In addition, the student must complete two credit hours of CHEN 681 (seminar) and one hour of CHEN 695 (Graduate Mentoring Seminar) to satisfy the departmental requirements. The remaining credits are for research.

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MS candidates must present the results of their research in a seminar open to the public, as part of their Final Examination. A Final Examination is necessary (departmental policy precludes approval of the waiver discussed in the Graduate Catalog). The specific course requirements of the department appear in this section. Satisfactory completion of an equivalent course at another institution is an acceptable fulfillment of the departmental requirement. Only technical (science or engineering) courses can satisfy these requirements.

Course requirements for completion of the MS (thesis option) The student must complete thirteen hours of core courses:

• CHEN 604: Chemical Engineering Process Analysis (3) • CHEN 623: Fundamentals & Applications of Thermodynamics for Chemical Engineers (3) • CHEN 624: Chemical Engineering Kinetics and Reactor Design (3) • CHEN 629: Advanced Transport Phenomena (3) • CHEN 601: Chemical Engineering Laboratory Safety and Health (1)

Total Credits: 13 “core” credits

The remaining 12 credit hours of formal course work may be taken within the department, or outside the department (subject to the approval of the Graduate Advisor).

• The electives must be formal graduate-level courses and should be approved by the Graduate Advisor. In special cases, up to three hours of advanced undergraduate level courses outside the field of chemical engineering may be taken outside the Department of Chemical Engineering. A written petition by the student must be submitted and approved by the student’s Committee Chair and the Graduate Advisor. • At least three hours of credit must be for courses taken outside the Department of Chemical Engineering. • Graduate courses completed at other institutions and passed with a grade of B or better may be used towards satisfying the departmental electives. With approval of the Graduate Advisor, up to nine credit hours may be transferred from other institutions. These courses cannot have been used towards another degree. • All degree plans must have at least 1 hour of research CHEN 691 included.

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• In addition to the 12 hours of electives two hours of CHEN 681 (Seminar) and one hour of CHEN 695 (Graduate Mentoring Seminar) must appear on the degree plan

The remainder of the 32 hours may be a combination of electives, research (691), and directed studies (685). It is important to note that no more than 12 hours may be used in any combination of the following categories:

• No more than 8 hours of 691 (Research). • No more than 8 hours of 685 (Directed Studies). Note that Directed Studies cannot be taken for a formal letter grade, but rather 685 hours are pass/fail. • In special cases, a maximum of 3 hours of advanced undergraduate courses (300-or 400- level) outside the Department of Chemical Engineering may be used. The student must submit a written petition to be approved by the Committee Chair of the student and the Graduate Advisor.

Thus, based on the above, a typical degree plan will include:

• 13 hours of “core” credits • 12 hours (typically four, three-credit courses) of electives • 2 hours of CHEN 681 (Seminar) • 1 hour of CHEN 695 (Graduate Mentoring Seminar) • Remainder would consist of CHEN 691 or CHEN 685

Steps for Completing an MS Degree in Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University Students must follow these steps for completing an MS Degree:

1. Select a research advisor by the end of the student’s first term at Texas A&M. 2. File the degree plan by the end of the student’s second semester (two terms) at Texas A&M. 3. Complete the Thesis Proposal, finish the thesis, and pass the final examination. File the thesis and follow the department check-out procedure.

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Continuation into the PhD program. If a student who completes a non-terminal thesis-MS wishes to continue into the PhD program, they must as a minimum, meet the following criteria:

1. The student must have at least a 3.25 in the four core graduate courses 2. The student must take and pass the proficiency exams as outlined above

In addition to these criteria the student’s committee must submit a memorandum to the Associate Head for Graduate Programs supporting the student’s request. It is also expected that the student’s advisor will write a letter supporting the student’s application, explaining why (or why not) the student should be allowed into the PhD program provided criteria 1 and 2 above are satisfied. Also, students who complete the MS thesis degree and continue on into the PhD program have to take at least one CHEN graduate elective for credit after switching from the MS to PhD program. This is in order to have an official GPR for their PhD work, per the requirements of OGS.

2.8. Master of Science (MS) Degree: Non-Thesis Option The non-thesis Master of Science option requires a minimum of 32 semester credit hours of approved courses and does not include a thesis.

Course requirements for completion of the MS (Non-thesis option) The student must complete 12 hours of core courses:

• CHEN 604: Chemical Engineering Process Analysis (3) • CHEN 623: Fundamentals and Applications of Thermodynamics for Chemical Engineers (3) • CHEN 624: Chemical Engineering Kinetics and Reactor Design (3) • CHEN 629: Advanced Transport Phenomena (3)

In addition, the student must complete two credit hours of CHEN 681 (seminar). A student pursing the non-thesis option cannot enroll in any 691 (research) for any reason and cannot use any 691 hours for credit towards the non-thesis degree. A maximum of 4 credit hours of 684 (Professional Internship), and/or 8 hours of 685 (Directed Studies) can apply toward the non- thesis option degree. In addition, any combination of 684 and/or 685 cannot exceed 25 percent of the total credit hour requirement shown on the degree plan. Electives may be taken

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within the Department of Chemical Engineering or outside it, subject to the same conditions mentioned earlier in the Master of Science thesis option. A typical degree plan for a MS non- thesis degree will look comparable to the degree plan for a MS thesis option degree with the differences noted above.

2.9. Master of Engineering (MEng) Degree The Master of Engineering option requires a minimum of 32 semester credit hours of approved courses. The degree requires a minimum of 30 credit hours of graduate-level courses. In addition, the student must complete two credit hours of CHEN 681 (seminar) to satisfy the departmental requirements. Graduate students enrolled in this program can select one of the two available options: the MEng degree with Certificate in Business option, or the MEng degree emphasizing technical course work and providing limited exposure to research (CHEN 685). The course requirements for this degree appear below in this section. An equivalent course at another institution may be used to fulfill a department requirement if it has not been used toward another degree. The student must complete 12 hours of core chemical engineering courses as well as two hours of departmental seminars:

Course requirements for completion of the MEng Degree Core CHEN Courses:

• CHEN 604: Chemical Engineering Process Analysis (3) • CHEN 623: Fundamentals & Applications of Thermodynamics for Chemical Engineers (3) • CHEN 624: Chemical Engineering Kinetics and Reactor Design (3) • CHEN 629: Advanced Transport Phenomena (3)

In addition, to the student must complete two hours of CHEN 681 (seminar) to satisfy the departmental requirements:

CHEN 681: Seminar (2)

Total Credits: 14 CHEN hours.

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Additionally, 6 credit hours of electives should be taken within the department (or outside the department subject to the approval of the Graduate Advisor).

• The electives must be formal graduate-level courses approved by the Graduate Advisor. In special cases, up to three hours of advanced undergraduate level courses may be taken outside the Department of Chemical Engineering Department. The student’s Committee Chair and the Graduate Advisor must approve a written petition. • Graduate courses completed at other institutions and passed with a grade of B or better may be used towards satisfying the departmental electives. With approval of the Graduate Advisor, up to nine 3-credit hours courses may be transferred from other institutions. These courses cannot have been used towards another degree.

Total Credits: 20 credit hours.

MEng with Certificate in Business Option In addition to the 20 credit hours specified in the previous section, the following business courses are required:

• ACCT 640 Accounting Concepts and Procedures (3) • FINC 635 Financial Management for Non Business (3) • MGMT 655 Survey of Management (3) • MKTG 621 Survey of Marketing (3) Total 12 credit hours

These courses do not have business course prerequisites. When the student has successfully completed the required courses and notified to the Mays Graduate School of Business, the Mays Graduate School of Business will issue a certificate.

MEng with Technical Course Option Twelve hours of course work beyond the 20 credit hours specified above, are also required. These 12 credit hours may be taken within the department, or outside the department (subject to the approval of the Graduate Advisor). This degree also requires one or two written reports, which are normally submitted to satisfy requirements for CHEN 685 or CHEN 684.

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2.10. Masters of Science in Safety Engineering At the request of the College of Engineering, the chemical engineering department assumed administration of the Safety Engineering (SENG) program from the nuclear engineering department in 2006. As with all Master of Science degrees requiring a thesis, a minimum of 32 semester credit hours of approved courses and research is required. This program consists of 24 hours of courses, 8 hours of 691 research hours (including a thesis). This program includes extensive engineering applications with integration of safety principles, safety practices, and case studies. Of those 24 hours of coursework, 12 hours of SENG core courses are required in the degree plan. The remaining 12 hours of coursework will be electives as determined by the Director of the Safety Engineering program (Prof. M. Sam Mannan) in discussion with the student based on the student’s area of specialization. These courses can come from any graduate level course and 400 level undergraduate courses as outlined in the graduate course catalog for the Master of Science degree. The use of courses from outside the Texas A&M University System to transfer to the degree will be used only on a case-by-case basis and must comply with university requirements

For the Fall 2009 semester according to OISP there are five students enrolled in the program. From Fall 2004 through Fall 2007, the semester enrollment has fluctuated between 1 and 2 students. Since then, we have increased the enrollment and are looking for ways to continue to grow this degree, including offering the degree via distance learning.

2.11. Doctorate of Engineering (DEng) The Doctor of Engineering degree is administered by the College of Engineering. It requires 96 hours beyond the baccalaureate or 64 hours beyond a Master’s degree. Of the 96 hours, a minimum of 80 must be course work, and up to 16 credits can be obtained for professional internships. The internship, which is required and which must be for a minimum of one calendar year, is spent under the supervision of a practicing engineer in industry, business, or government. Responsibility for finding an appropriate internship position is entirely that of the student and must be approved prior to committing to the internship. The course work includes required core courses in accounting, communications, finance, law and policy, management, labor relations and ethics, a professional development seminar, department-oriented

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(technical) graduate courses, engineering design courses, and graduate electives. Additional details about this program may be obtained from the D. Eng. Representative in the department, the Academic Programs Office of the College of Engineering, and the Graduate Catalog.

2.12. Degree Plan Students must file their degree plans by the end of the first calendar year that they have been at Texas A&M University. The procedure for doing so consists of completing a departmental degree plan, signed by the student and his/her advisor that explains in detail how the student is going to meet the course work requirements for his/her degree. With that departmental degree plan, students submit to the Graduate Advisor an unsigned university degree plan form indicating the courses that they have taken at Texas A&M and those they plan to take. Courses used at another university toward a degree cannot be put in the degree plan to satisfy requirements for a degree.

When the Graduate Advisor is satisfied with the departmental and university degree plans, he/she signs both documents. For the university degree plan, the students must obtain signatures from their committee members. The signed departmental and university degree plans are submitted to the Assistant for Graduate Affairs who obtains a signature from the Department Head and files the papers appropriately.

2.13. CHEN 695 – Graduate Mentoring Seminar Another goal of the graduate program is to mentor students. This is primarily achieved through the advisor-student relationship. The department also contributes to this by facilitating student professional development. This not only helps enable the research mission of the Department, but also helps students develop skills as educators. To facilitate this, the Department has developed a graduate mentoring seminar (CHEN 695) that all graduate students seeking thesis degrees (MS thesis, PhD) are expected to take. The Associate Head for the Graduate Program is responsible for coordinating this seminar, along with help from various faculty as appropriate. This seminar course has two components. The first is student participation in the classroom, as all advanced degree holders will find themselves in the role of educator either formally or informally. Specifically the students will be expected to spend approximately 10 hours per week with the course they are assigned to, broken down as follows:

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1. Attend class (~3 hours per week) 2. Hold formal office hours (2-3 hours per week) 3. Coordinate grading of homework (~5 hours per week)

Both the students in the course and the faculty member teaching the course will evaluate the graduate student’s performance. The second component is a formal classroom-mentoring seminar. This seminar will cover a broad range of topics/skills. Possible topics include:

1. Helping graduate students develop/refine skills that will enable them to successfully interact with students a. Center for Teaching Excellence seminar(s) b. Seminars on public speaking c. Seminars run by faculty covering topics relevant to the classroom 2. Augmenting formal training students receive from their advisors a. Lab practices b. Support/assistance in developing technical writing skills c. Support/assistance in developing presentation skills d. Lab / research ethics 3. Broadening student perspectives a. Discussion of current scientific/technical issues in the public eye b. Outlines different career possibilities for graduate students upon leaving Texas A&M 4. Reinforcing concepts learned in the classroom and helping demonstrate their application in research 5. “Refresher” seminars in ChE topics before Department seminars Some other points of note:

• University centers/resources (e.g. Center for Teaching Excellence) would be utilized where appropriate. • PhD students will enroll in this seminar twice. MS (thesis option) students will enroll in this seminar once

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• The fall and spring semester versions would have about 30% of the content in common (that related to classroom assistance/instruction), the rest would approach the same topics from different angles or cover different topics • The course will be graded as pass/fail. Student performance (i.e. whether they get an S or U grade) will be assessed by the course instructor and students enrolled in the CHEN course the student is involved with, and the CHEN 695 instructor. • Associate Head for Graduate Programs is in charge of the CHEN 695 seminar and will involve other faculty as needed or as appropriate.

2.14. Advisory Committees The responsibility for guiding and directing the entire academic program of a graduate student lies with the student's Advisory Committee. Master level committees consist of at least three members of the Graduate Faculty, one of whom must be from outside the Department of Chemical Engineering. Doctoral level committees consist of at least four members of the Graduate Faculty, one of whom must be from outside the Department of Chemical Engineering. Additional details about the Advisory Committee appear in the Graduate Catalog for each graduate degree.

Selection of Research Advisor. Students select advisors during their first semester at TAMU. The procedure for this is outlined in the timeline below for the case of students entering in the Fall academic semester. • Graduate Student Orientation: Associate Head for the Graduate Program gives students a general overview of the advisor selection process. • End of first week of class: students receive packet of abstracts outlining PhD and MS projects available. • Second week of class: students begin attending research seminars. There are two one- hour slots each week for faculty to give 30 minute talks to the students. These generally take place for 4-6 weeks, depending on how many faculty need to present. • Sixth to Eighth week of class: students will be required to submit their choices for advisor selection to the Graduate Advisor.

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It is essential that the students carefully consider all options when picking a faculty advisor. As part of the advisor selection process, all students must speak with at least five faculty members who are recruiting students during that academic year and all students must speak to any junior faculty member seeking to recruit their first two PhD students. Students will be given forms to have the faculty sign verifying that they have spoken. Beyond these specific requirements, the students are encouraged to meet with all faculty. This is a unique opportunity for both the new graduate students and faculty to become acquainted with one another and to help build ties and communication between the students and faculty.

In the week after submission of the student lists, the Associate Head for the Graduate Program, in consultation with the Department Head and the faculty will assign students. In the event that not all students are successfully paired in the first round a second round will be performed with the remaining students wherein they will be asked to submit a second list ranking three projects from those remaining. The remaining students will then be assigned based on consultations between the Associate Head for the Graduate Program, Department Head, and relevant faculty (i.e. those with funded openings not filled in the first round).

The selection of a research advisor is the most important decision a graduate student will make and should not be taken lightly. Changing advisors can not only adversely impact the student, but can hurt the research program of the advisor and other students who may have wanted to join that group but were unable. Once an advisor selection has been made, the Associate Head for Graduate Programs must approve a change of advisor. Unless there is cause, such as misconduct or loss of funding, such requests will not likely be granted.

If a student is having problems with their research, they are required to speak first to their advisor honestly and openly. If they do not feel comfortable doing this, then they may speak to the Associate Head for Graduate Programs about the situation in their research group.

Selection of Committee Members. After the student has a Research Advisor (who also serves as the Committee Chair), the student and the Advisory Committee Chair jointly select the remaining members of the Advisory Committee, subject to the stipulations given in the Graduate Catalog. More than the minimum number of committee members may be appointed.

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The membership of the Advisory Committee is established formally by submitting the degree plan to the Associate Head for Graduate Programs of the Department for verification that departmental requirements are met, and then it is passed to and signed by the Department Head before submission to the Office of Graduate Studies. Degree plans should be submitted no later than one year after first enrollment. Additional information about the degree plan is available in the Graduate Catalog.

2.15. Financial Support Financial support is available to chemical engineering graduate students in various forms from several different sources within the University. The Chemical Engineering Department offers the following financial assistance opportunities: • Graduate Assistant – Teaching (GAT) • Graduate Assistant – Non-Teaching (GANT) • Graduate Assistant – Research (GAR) • Graduate Fellowships

Both the GAT and GANT assistantships are used to assist faculty with course preparation and grading. The GAT designation is used when the normal duties of the graduate student include direct interaction with students. GATs are used by the Department to teach undergraduate courses, as needed. GARs are used by the department faculty to conduct research on various projects. The English language proficiency requirements are higher for GATs than GANTs, as required by the state. All assistantship appointments are for half-time employment (20 hours per week).

For the Fall 2009 semester, the Department employed 2 GATs, 22 GANTs and 45 GARs. Similar numbers are anticipated for the spring semester. Stipends for graduate assistantships are $1800 per month but are scheduled to be raised to $2000 per month in September 2010. The department provides payment of tuition and fees and medical insurance in addition to the stipend. Non-resident graduate students are entitled to in-state tuition rates when holding a half-time assistantship.

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The University or the Department does not provide full tuition waivers on regular basis for those students not supported by assistantships. However, the department has several sources of fellowship gift, and graduate enhancement funds available that can be used to offset tuition and fees (approximately $3000) for more qualified graduate students. The department has approximately four endowed graduate fellowships at various funding levels. Additionally, approximately ten $1000 fellowships are given annually to unfunded graduate students on a competitive basis. While the dollar amount is relatively small, it is large enough to qualify the recipient for in-state tuition and, therefore, it becomes a valuable recruiting tool.

Both the University and the College of Engineering provide funding for graduate fellowships. The University’s Regent’s Fellowship program provides between $10,000 and $12,000 annually to the Department and is typically awarded to the Department’s more qualified graduate student. The College of Engineering provides $10,000 annually to the Department through its Endowed Fellowship program. The Department uses this money in similar fashion as the Regent’s Fellowships. As mentioned previously, the department also offers top-up fellowships designed to increase the number of domestic graduate students.

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3. Graduate Courses

3.1. Graduate course offerings in chemical engineering

The graduate courses offered by the Department reflect the breadth and depth of the discipline. As outlined above there are four core courses that all graduate students takes. Beyond that there are several electives offered to enable students to take courses more geared to their specific areas of research. One issue that the department is attempting to align and develop clusters of electives around the research foci of the department.

Finally, given the numerous hires in the department over the last five years several graduate courses have been taught as CHEN 689 courses (special topics). These courses do not appear in the official course catalog. However a listing of the 689 courses offered in the last several years is included at the end of this section. Syllabi for the graduate core courses are shown in Appendix H.

601. Chemical Engineering Laboratory Safety and Health. (1-0). Credit 1. Control of hazards associated with chemical engineering research laboratories and the chemical process industry; causes and prevention of accidents, emergency procedures, safety codes, health effects of toxic substances and experimental design for safety. Prerequisite: Graduate classification.

604. Chemical Engineering Process Analysis I. (3-0). Credit 3. Development and analysis of chemical process models that involve systems of algebraic equations, ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations. Prerequisite: MATH 308 or approval of instructor.

605. Chemical Engineering Process Analysis II. (3-0). Credit 3. Formulation of mathematical models and solution of resulting mass and energy balance equations by modern computational techniques, applications to separate processes, chemical kinetics, reaction engineering, heat and mass transfer. Prerequisite: CHEN 320 or approval of instructor.

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614. Advanced Transport Phenomena I. (3-0). Credit 3. First of a two-semester sequence covering advanced transport phenomena; emphasis is placed on momentum transfer or fluid mechanics applied to chemical engineering problems. Prerequisite: Approval of instructor.

615. Advanced Transport Phenomena II. (3-0). Credit 3. Advanced energy and mass transfer in chemical engineering processes. Prerequisite: Approval of instructor.

623. Applications of Thermodynamics to Chemical Engineering. (3-0). Credit 3. Application of thermodynamics to chemical engineering operations and processes. Prerequisite: CHEN 354 or approval of instructor. Course description/Chemical Engineering 201

624. Chemical Engineering Kinetics I. (3-0). Credit 3. Rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions. Thermal and catalytic reactions both homogeneous and heterogeneous. Prerequisite: CHEN 464 or approval of instructor.

629. Transport Phenomena. (3-0). Credit 3. Principles of transfer of momentum, energy and mass studied by application to advanced chemical engineering problems. Theoretical analogy of these three modes of transfer. Prerequisite: CHEN 424 or approval of instructor.

631. Process Dynamics I. (3-0). Credit 3. Dynamics, simulation and control of linear models of fluid, thermal and mass transfer processes for chemical industries by means of transient and frequency response analysis and design methods. Prerequisite: CHEN 461 or approval of instructor.

633. Theory of Mixtures. (3-0). Credit 3. Basic relations of statistical thermodynamics, intermolecular forces, liquid state, theory of mixtures, critical state, theory of conformal solutions, orientational effects, theorem of corresponding states and applications to distillation and extraction. Prerequisite: CHEN 623 or CHEM 611 or approval of instructor.

634. Multiphase Reactors. (3-0). Credit 3. Laboratory reactors; mixing phenomena in multiphase reactors; tracer techniques in chemical reactor characterization; trickle bed

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reactors; two phase and three phase fluidized bed reactors; bubble columns; slurry reactors. Prerequisite: CHEN 624 or approval of instructor.

640. Rheology. (3-0). Credit 3. Principles of stress, deformation and flow; vector and tensor equations of fluid mechanics. Behavior of Newtonian, non-Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids. Prerequisite: MATH 601 or approval of instructor.

641. Polymer Engineering. (3-0). Credit 3. Principles and practice of polymer structure, synthesis, reaction mechanisms and kinetics; polymer characterization, chemical and physical properties degradation and recycling, melt and solid mechanical and rheological properties. Technology of production and processing operations. Prerequisite: Graduate classification.

642. Colloidal &Interfacial Systems. (3-0). Credit 3. Fundamental principles related to interaction, dynamic, and structure in colloidal and interfacial systems. Concepts covered include hydrodynamics, Brownian motion, diffusion sedimentation, electrophoresis, colloidal forces, surface forces, polymeric forces, aggregation, deposition, equilibrium phase behavior, rheology, and experimental methods. Prerequisite: None.

643. Applied Statistical Mechanics of Fluids. (3-0). Credit 3. Application of molecular theories and computer simulation techniques to describe the thermodynamics and transport properties of fluids and fluid mixtures. Prerequisite: CHEN 623 or approval of instructor.

650. Introduction to Microfabrication and Microfluidics Technology. (3-0). Credit 3. Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS Technology). To study the fundamentals of fluidics, heat and mass transfer, surface chemistry, and electrochemical interactions. Prerequisite: None.

651. Biochemical Engineering. (3-0). Credit 3. Integration of principles of engineering, biochemistry and microbiology; application to the design, development and improvement of industrial processes that employ biological materials. Engineering discipline directed toward creative application of interdisciplinary information to the economic processing biological and related materials. Prerequisite: Approval of instructor.

655. Process Safety Engineering. (3-0). Credit 3. Applications of engineering principles to process hazards analysis including source and dispersion modeling, emergency relief systems,

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fire and explosion prevention and mitigation, hazard identification, risk assessment, process safety management, etc. Prerequisite: Approval of instructor. Cross-listed with SENG 655.

658. Fundamentals of Environmental Remediation Processes. (3-0). Credit 3. Fundamental approach to various remediation technologies, topics in environmental thermodynamics and mass transfer, adsorption, desorption, ion exchange, air stripping, extraction, chemical oxidation, biodegration. Prerequisite: Graduate classification in engineering.

660. Quantitative Risk Analysis. (3-0). Credit 3. Fundamental concepts, techniques, and applications of risk analysis and risk-informed decision making for engineering students. Practical uses of probabilistic methods are demonstrated in exercises and case studies from diverse engineering areas. Prerequisite: Graduate or Senior status. Cross-listed with SENG 660 and ISEN 660.

661. Optimization of Chemical Engineering Processes. (3-0). Credit 3. Methods of optimization applied for the design and control of chemical engineering processes. Prerequisite: Approval of instructor.

662. Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling for Engineers. (3-0). Credit 3. Applications of computational chemistry and molecular modeling relevant to engineers, especially predictions for thermophysical properties and reactions rates; emphasis on the creative and intelligent use of commercial software to solve practical problems; problems relevant to process safety engineer. Prerequisite: CHEN 623 and 624 or approval of instructor.

675. Microelectronics Process Engineering. (3-0). Credit 3. State-of-art process engineering principles on microelectronics, especially for the fabrication of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSICs); fundamental unit processes, such as thin film deposition, thermal growth, lithography, etching and doping, material structures and properties, and basic device operation principles. Prerequisites: CHEN 623 and 624 or approval of instructor.

681. Seminar. (1-0). Credit 1. Graduate students will be required to attend discussions covering problems of current importance in chemical engineering research. 202 Course Descriptions/Chemistry

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684. Professional Internship. Credit 1 to 4 each semester. Engineering research or design experience in industrial setting away from Texas A&M campus; projects supervised jointly by faculty and industrial representative. Prerequisite: Graduate classification.

685. Directed Studies. Credit 1 to 12. One or more of numerous problems in chemical engineering processes and operations. Prerequisite: Approval of department head.

689. Special Topics in… Credit 1 to 4. Selected topics in particular areas of chemical engineering. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisites: Approval of department head and instructor. Recent topics have included Tissue Engineering & Drug Delivery, CO2 Sequestration, Computational Material Science & Engineering, Bioremediation & Green Chemistry, and Nanotechnology.

691. Research. Credit 1 or more each semester. Problems of unit operations and unit processes. For maximum credit, comprehensive thesis must be prepared of sufficiently high caliber to permit publication in scientific and technical journals. Prerequisite: Approval of department head.

4. Graduate Demographics, Ranks, and Performance

4.1. Target Size of Graduate Program The current enrollment for the College of Engineering is 10,600 students, of whom 25% should be graduate students. Presently, in the Department of Chemical Engineering, approximately 17% of the students are, in fact, graduate students. Over the years the faculty has discussed a variety of ratios for the undergraduate to graduate population, including a possible target ratio of one graduate student to two to three undergraduate students. Presently, our graduate population is fairly stable at roughly 110 students. To meet these target ratios would mean a graduate population of 25% - 40% of the total enrollment in the Department, and the major debate is over how to reach these ratios. While graduate students are admitted after the review by the Graduate Recruiting Committee and department head, the admission of undergraduates rest primarily with the University. The balance between master’s and doctoral student populations varies in each specialty areas, but a reasonable target might be a graduate

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student population consisting of 90% doctoral and 10% masters. We have always focused our attention on the recruitment of highly qualified graduate students and the considerations necessary to place our top doctoral program graduates in the top research universities in the nation. These goals are considered attainable as we acquire a larger full-time faculty and efficiently manage our course offerings, but help from programs now being initiated at the college and university levels are crucial to our success.

4.2. Graduate Program Enrollment Figures 10-18 show a more detailed presentation of the graduate enrollment and demographic data in our degree programs.

160 1 140 2 2 4 3 32 1 120 5 26 22 29 0 16 33 36 0 0 100 1 0 0 0 MEN 80 MS 60 114 101 108 109 NDS Number of Students 99 94 94 40 PhD

20

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Years

Figure 9. Fall graduate enrollment: 2002-2008 (Note: NDS is a non-degree graduate student).

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90

80 83 78 70 75 74 75 72 71 60

50 Male 40 Female 38 30 31 33 20 24 23 22 20 10

0 Fall 02 Fall 03 Fall 04 Fall 05 Fall 06 Fall 07 Fall 08

Figure 10. Gender demographics in the CHEN graduate program.

90 82 80 70 60 50 Internaonal 40 Minority 30 20 13 15 Caucasian 10 4 1 0 1 0 0 3 1 1 0 PhD MS NDS MEN

Figure 11. Fall 2002 Demographics

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90 78 80 70 60 50 Internaonal 40 Minority 30 21 16 20 Caucasian 7 5 10 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 PhD MS NDS MEN

Figure 12. Fall 2003 Demographics

80 70 70 60 50 Internaonal 40 Minority 30 19 20 16 Caucasian 8 10 10 4 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 PhD MS NDS MEN

Figure 13. Fall 2004 demographics

80 72 70 60 50 Internaonal 40 Minority 30 Caucasian 20 16 16 14 10 6 6 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 PhD MS NDS MEN

Figure 14. Fall 2005 Demographics

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100 95 90 80 70 60 Internaonal 50 40 Minority 30 Caucasian 14 16 20 10 5 6 10 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 PhD MS NDS MEN

Figure 15. Fall 2006 Demographics

100 88 90 80 70 60 Internaonal 50 40 Minority 30 Caucasian 16 13 20 9 4 4 10 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 PhD MS NDS MEN

Figure 16. Fall 2007 Demographics

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90 82 80 70 60 50 Internaonal 40 Minority 30 23 Caucasian 20 16 10 4 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 PhD MS NDS MEN

Figure 17. Fall 2008 Demographics

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4.3. Graduate Program Metrics The department assesses the performance if its graduate program by examining the U.S. News & World Report (Table 4, a measure of external perception), GRE scores for incoming graduate students (Tables 5 and 6, a measure of graduate student quality), and the number of degrees awarded (Figure 18). The number of peer-reviewed publications (Figure 19) is also used as a measure of faculty and student productivity.

Table 4. U.S. News & World Report graduate rankings. Programs within the College of Engineering. For 2010, the department is ranked 27 overall, 18 among public institutions.

# of 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Dept Depts Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank All Public All Public All Public All Public All Public AERO 50 15 9 9 5 11 6 9 5 8 5 CHEN 129 27 17 25 16 24 16 30 19 30 20 CVEN 155 14 8 13 8 14 8 13 8 13 8 CPCS 117 14 11 23 14 21 12 25 15 29 15 ELEN 198 19 12 18 11 25 15 21 13 18 11 INEN 87 9 7 10 7 8 6 8 6 9 7 MEEN 189 20 12 23 14 20 13 21 12 20 12 NUEN 29 3* 2* 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 PETE 25 2* 2* 4 2 3 2 3 2 2 2

Table 5. GRE scores for admitted graduate students. Year GPR GRE

2002 3.65 1302 2003 3.54 1220 2004 3.32 1211 2005 3.43 1209

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2006 3.57 1198 2007 3.69 1188 2008 3.73 1270

Table 6. GRE scores for admitted graduate students in the College of Engineering 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Look College 523+752=1275 521+748=1269 498+741=1239 500+738=1238 496+750=1246 503+756=1259 486+755=1241 AERO 548+763=1311 494+763=1257 567+777=1344 548+770=1318 551+780=1331 541+763=1304 499+758=1257 BMEN 660+750=1410 567+753=1320 535+739=1274 506+767=1318 471+767=1238 551+766=1317 522+748=1270 CHEN 534+767=1301 492+728=1220 466+745=1211 468+741=1209 439+759=1198 441+747=1188 507+763=1270 CPSC 550+765=1315 548+753=1301 524+748=1272 540+743=1283 529+769=1298 538+761=1299 526+770=1296 CVEN 517+733=1250 513+741=1254 494+738=1232 471+744=1215 469+730=1199 458+741=1199 454+749=1203 ELEN 560+780=1340 553+776=1329 538+769=1307 555+776=1331 522+775=1297 532+777=1309 509+781=1290 INEN 507+755=1262 487+732=1218 449+732=1181 483+734=1217 468+749=1217 504+761=1265 489+747=1236 MEEN 525+763=1288 530+764=1294 482+740=1222 522+741=1263 497+755=1252 514+767=1281 493+768=1261 NUEN 465+746=1211 466+731=1196 513+707=1220 482+713=1195 520+741=1261 483+747=1230 493+740=1232 PETE 442+693=1135 465+686=1151 450+725=1175 416+710=1126 466+720=1186 462+723=1185 429+717=1146

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45

40

35

30 22 20 27 25 13 19 PhD 20 MS 10 18 MEN 15 10 12 10 17 7 13 13 5 7 7 5 6 0 1 2 1 2 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Figure 18. Number of graduate degrees awarded by year.

200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Figure 19. Peer-review publications 2005-2009.

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4.4. Theses and Dissertations Thesis and dissertations must be submitted in a format acceptable to the Office of Graduate Studies. The Thesis Clerk, located at the Sterling C. Evens Library determines the acceptability of the submitted document. Specific guidelines are available for students on-line, but note in particular the following information:

“Thesis, dissertation and records of study that, because of excessive corrections, and deemed unacceptable by the Thesis Clerk, will be returned to the student’s department head. The manuscript must be submitted as a new document, and the entire process must begin again. All original submission deadlines must be met during the resubmission process in order to graduate that semester.”

Binding services for copies not submitted to the Thesis Clerk are available though the University Printing Center. It is customary to offer a bound copy to the chair of the Advisory Committee and the Fellowship Sponsor if the student had been offered one though the department.

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Masters Theses: 2002-2009 2002

May 2002 Bandar Al-Solami Akgerman, A. Coke Profile and Effect on Methane/Ethylene Conversion Process

May 2002 Rene Elms Good, T.A. Chemical and Gravity Dependent Factors Affecting Escherichia Coli Lag Phase Termination May 2002 Jessica Houston Sevick-Muraca, E.M. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Enhanced Optical Imaging: An Analysis of Penetration Depth August 2002 Gaurav Sharma Mannan, M.S. A Decision Support System For Chemical Incident Information Camilo Velez Optimization of Antiretroviral Therapy For HIV Infected Patients by Simultaneous Analysis of August 2002 Vega Good, T.A. Immune Restoration and Serious Side Effects August 2002 Hung-Wen Yeh Holtzapple, M.T. Pyrolytic Decomposition of Carboxylate Salts Glover, Charles - Co-Chair Nasser Ahmed Davison, Richard - Co- Impact of aging on asphalt pavement performance, ductility & DSR Measurements December 2002 Al-Azri Chair December 2002 Chung, T. Kuo, Y. Modification of low k polyimide dielectric for multilevel interconnection application

2003

May 2003 Li Yang Eubank, P.T. Kinetics Simulation For Natural Gas Conversion To Unsaturated C2 Hydrocarbons Gabriel Santana Accuracy of Truncated Leiden And Berlin Virial Expansions For Pure Gases and Sealing Joints May 2003 Rodriguez Eubank, P.T. Between Silicon Carbide and Stainless Steel

2004

Study of Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Boron-Doped Hydrogenated May 2004 Helinda Nominanda Kuo, Y. Amorphous Silicon Thin Films and the Application to P-Channel Thin Film Transistor Frequency Domain Photon Migration Measurements: A Method to Size Powders and Detect May 2004 Sharnay Torrance Sevick-Muraca, E. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Blending Operations August 2004 Gregory Fernandes Bevan, M. Preliminary Studies of the Influence of Forces and Kinetics on Interfacial Colloidal Assembly 81

August 2004 Hemendra Kakhar Froment, G. Single event kinetics modeling of hydrocracking Confocal Microscopy Studies of Colloidal Assembly on Microfabricated Physically Templated December 2004 Sumit Sharma Bevan Surfaces Development of Dynamic Models of Reactive Distillation columns for Simulation and December 2004 Arnab Chakrabarty Hahn, J. Determination of Control Consequence Analysis of Aqueous Ammonia Spills Using an Improved Liquid Pool Evaporation December 2004 Vijay Raghunathan Mannan, S Model

2005

May 2005 Shilpa Agrawal Ugaz, V. Photo-Initiated Cross-Linked Polyacrylamide Gels for Microdevice Electrophoresis Somsak May 2005 Watanawanavet Holtzapple, M. Optimization of a High-Efficiency Jet Ejector by Computational Fluid Dynamic Software Manohar May 2005 Vishwanathappa Holtzapple, M. Desalination of Seawater Using a High-Efficiency Jet Ejector May 2005 Sumit Anand Mannan, S. Novel Applications of Data Mining Methodologies to Incident Databases August 2005 Madhav Nyapathi Holtzapple, M. Synthesis and Design of Optimal Thermal Membrane Distillation Networks The Integration of Dow's Fire and Explosion Index into Process Design and Optimization to August 2005 Jaffee Suardin Mannnan, S. Achieve an Inherently Safer Design August 2005 Santhosh Palani Jayaraman, A. Increased Fat Oxidation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Through Forced Expression of UCP 1 Single-Event Kinetic Modeling of the Hydrocracking of Hydrogenated Vacuum Gas Oil August 2005 Alper Ertas Froment, G. Hydroxylamine System December 2005 Rocio Sierra Ramirez Holtzapple, M. Long-Term Lime Pretreatment of Poplar Wood December 2005 Benjamin Cormier El-Halwagi, M. Retrofitting Analysis of Integrated Bio-Refineries December 2005 Abdullah BinMahfouz El-Halwagi, M. Process Integration Techniques for Optimizing Seawater Cooling Systems and Biocide discharge An Integrated Approach for Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis of Energy from December 2005 Tanya Mohan El-Halwagi, M. Biomass and Fossil Fuels

2006

May 2006 Andrew Moody Holtzapple, M. Pilot-Scale Fermentation of Office Paper and Chicken Manure to Carboxylic Acids

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May 2006 Jonathan Lunn Shantz, D Synthesis and application of Melamine-based Dendrimer/sba-15 Hybrid Materials May 2006 Michael Wang Seminario, J An Ab-Initio Analysis of Bimetallic Oligoaniline Molecular Junctions May 2006 Chuanji Zhang Mannan, S. Thermal Decomposition Study of Hydroxylamine Nitrate During Storage and Handling May 2006 Susanna Wong Cheng Microdisk Fabrication By Emulsion Evaporation August 2006 Jayming Fang Mannan, S. Making the Business Case for Process Safety Using Value-at-Risk Concepts

December 2006 Jiong Yan Kuo, Y Nano ITO embedded in Zr-doped HfO2for hole-based memories December 2006 ASM Obidulla Mannan, S. Use of incident databases for cause and consequence analysis and national estimates December 2006 Daniyar Zhussupov Barrufet, M Assessing the Potential and Limitations of Heavy Oil Upgrading by Electron Beam Irradiation

2007

May 2007 Pussana Hirunsit Balbuena, P. Effects of confinement on water structure and dynamics and on proton transfer May 2007 Huimin Liao Hahn, M. The impact of mechanical properties of PEG hydrogels on vocal fold fibroblasts’ behavior May 2007 Ali Abedi Hall, K. Economical Analysis of a New Gas to Ethylene Technology May 2007 Myint, Lay El-Halwagi Process analysis and optimization of biodiesel production from vegetable oils May 2007 Narayanan, D. Mannan Engineering for sustainable development for bio-diesel production Effects of confinement on water structure and dynamics and on proton transport: a molecular May 2007 Hirunsit, P. Balbuena simulation study May 2007 Hortua, A. El-Halwagi Chemical process optimization and pollution prevention via mass and property integration Electrokinetic concentration enrichment within a microfluidic device integrated with a hydrogel August 2007 Dhopeshwarkar, R. Crooks microplug August 2007 Pham, Viet El-Halwagi A global optimization approach to pooling problems in refineries Modeling green fluorescent protein transcription, translation and modification as a method to August 2007 Laible, A. Jayaraman obtain NF-kappaB activation profiles December 2007 Coleman, S. Holtzapple Continuous fermentation of food scraps with constant pH control to produce carboxylic acids December 2007 Shelton, Davis Mannan Transportation risk assessment for ethanol transport December 2007 Yun, G.-W. Mannan Bayesian-lopa methodology for risk assessment of an LNG importation terminal December 2007 Gaspard, J. Silas Block copolymers for vesicles: self-assembled behavior for use in biomimicry December 2007 Atilhan, S. Cagin Molecular dynamics simulation of montmorillonite and mechanical and thermodynamic 83

properties calculations

2008

May 2008 Kevin Lamonte Balbuena, P. New materials for hydrogen storage May 2008 Dinh, L. Mannan Reactivity of ethylene oxide in contact with contaminants Experimental measurements and modeling prediction of flammability limits of binary May 2008 Zhao, F. Mannan hydrocarbon mixtures August 2008 Obanifemi Aluko Hahn, J. Dynamic Modeling and Control of Reactive Distillation for Hydrogenation of Benzene August 2008 Ruiz Vasquez, K. Mannan Effect of availability on multi-period planning of subsea oil and gas production systems Reaction mechanism of cumene hydroperoxide decomposition in cumene and evaluation of its August 2008 Lu, Y. Mannan reactivity hazards August 2008 Kamani, S. Cagin Influence of defects on thermal and mechanical properties of metals

December 2008 Justin Dowden Kuo, Y. Nanoline width control using anodized Al2O3 nanopores December 2008 Zachary Kraus Glover, C. The Morphology of Polymer Modified Asphalt and its Relationship to Rheology and Durability December 2008 Xu, Xin Holtzapple, M. Direct Conversion of Carboxylate Salts to Carboxylic Acids Via Reactive Extraction

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Ph.D. dissertations: 2002-2009 2002

Pishko, M.V. May 2002 Alexander Revzin Good, T.A. Development of Nanocomposite and Hydrogel Biosensors Based on then Film Technology

May 2002 Xu Li Holtzapple, M.T. Production of Acetic Acid From Synthesis Gas With Mixed Acetogenic Microorganisms Conversion of Bagasse and Corn Stover to Mixed Carboxylic Acids Using a Mixed Culture of May 2002 Piyarat Thanakoses Holtzapple, M.T. Mesophilic Microorganisms Cateryna Aiello- Conversion of Municipal Solid Waste to Carboxylic Acids by Anaerobic Countercurrent August 2002 Mazzarri Holtzapple, M.T. Fermentation

August 2002 Wen Ning Chan Holtzapple, M.T. Thermophilic Anaerobic Germentation fo Waste Biomass for Producing Acetic Acid Lizbeth Cisneros August 2002 Trevino Mannan, M.S. Adiabatic Calorimetric Studies of Hydroxylamine Compounds August 2002 Alec Klinghoffer Ford, D. Investigation of N-Alkane Aromatization Over Nano-Particle Nickel Supported Catalysts August 2002 Eun-Suok Oh Slattery, J.C. New Theories on Fracture and Metal Oxidation in an Elastic Solid Glover, C.J.- Co-Chair August 2002 Yonghong Ruan Davison, R.R.-Co-Chair Dynamic Linear Viscoeleastic Properties and Extensional Failure of Asphalt Binders August 2002 Sheng-Shih Wang Good, T.A. Using Engineering Tools to Examine The Mechanisms of Alzheimer’s Disease Conversion of Acetylene and Ethylene into Higher Molecular Weight Hydrocarbons Over HZSM- December 2002 Ammar Alkhawaldeh Anthony, R. G. 5 Catalysts Daniel John December 2002 Christopher Lariviere Akgerman, A. Carbon Oxidation in internal wetland sediments Kinetic Simulation and Heat Transfer Coefficient Estimation For Natural Gas Conversion to C2 December 2002 Ehab Mossaad Eubank, P.T. Hydrocarbons December 2002 Javaid, Asad Ford, David M Design of oligomer-modified nanoporous membranes for solubility-based gas separation

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2003

Hot Water Extraction with in Situ Wet Oxidation: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons May 2003 Ali Akbar Dadkhah Akgerman, A. Removal From Soil Roberto Flores Fluoroacrylate Copolymer Grafted Thodium Catalysts For Hydrogenation Reactions in May 2003 Velazquez Akgerman, A. Supercritical Fluids Glover, Charles – Co Chair May 2003 Pramitha Juristyarini Davison, R.-Co-Chair Asphalt Modification and Testing of The Performance-Related Cracking Failure Properties Zulema K. Lopez- May 2003 Castillo Akgerman, A. Polymer Bound Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Fluids Alan Bruce Development of a New Optical Imaging Modality for Detection of Fluorescence-Enhanced May 2003 Thompson Jr. Sevick-Muraca, E. Disease December 2003 Abdulrehman Aldeeb Mannan, S. Systematic Approach for Chemical Reactivity Evaluation

December 2003 Saeed Al Wahabi Anthony/Froment Conversion of Methanol to Light Olefins on SAPO-34: Kinetic Modeling and Reactor Design Fluorescence Enhanced Optical Tomography on Breast Phantoms with Measurements December 2003 Anuradha Godavarty Sevick-Muraca, E Using a Gain Modulated Intensified CCD Imaging System

December 2003 Nir Keren Mannan, S. Models for multi-strata safety performance measurements in the process industries Ion exchange Kinetics of Cesium for Various Reaction Designs Using Crystalline December 2003 Sung Hyun Kim Anthony, R.G. Silicotitanate, UOP IONSIV IE-911 Measurement and Prediction of Aerosol Formation for the Safe Utilization of Industrial December 2003 Kiran Krishna Mannan, S. Fluids December 2003 Sanjeev Saraf Mannan, S. Molecular Characterization of Energetic Materials December 2003 Xianchun Wu Anthony, R.G. Acidity and Catalytic Activity of Zeolite Catalysts Bound with Silica and Alumina

2004

Cancer Diagnostics Using Dynamic Near-Infrared Optical Imaging and Fluorescent Contrast May 2004 Michael Gurfinkel Sevick-Murca, E. Agents May 2004 Dustin Harrell El-Halwagi, M. Resource conservation and Allocation Via Process Integration

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May 2004 Yingqing Huang Sevick-Murca, E. Characterization of Dense Suspensions Using Frequency Domain Photon Migration Novel Cost Allocation Framework for Natural Gas Processes: Methodology and Application May 2004 Wong-Hyouk Jang Hahn, J./Hall, K.R. to Plan Economic Optimization May 2004 SeHoon Kim Holtzapple, M. Lime Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover Measurement and Model Assessment of Fluorescence Lifetime Sensing in Multiply May 2004 Eddy Kuwana Sevick-Murca, E. Scattering Media Recovery and Evalutaion of the Solid Products Produced by Thermocatalytic Decomposition May 2004 Lan Liang Holste, J of Tire Rubber Compounds May 2004 Feng Qin Holste, J Thermocatalytic Decomposition of Vulcanized Rubber May 2004 Xiaonian Wang Eubank, P.T. Computer Simulation of GTL and Various Problems in Thermodynamics August 2004 Yifeng Zhou Hahn, J./Mannan, S Data Driven Process Monitoring Based On Neural Networks and Classification Trees August 2004 Hans Kumar Froment, G. Single Event Kinetic Modeling of the Hydrocracking of Paraffins August 2004 Michela Gentile Mannan, S Development of a Hierarchical Fuzzy Model for the Evaluation of Inherent Safety Development of a Computer-Aided Fault Tree Synthesis Methodology for Quantitative Risk December 2004 Yanjun Wang Mannan, S Analysis in the Chemical Process Industry

December 2004 Cesar Granda Cotlear Holtzapple, M. Sugarcane Juice Extraction and Preservation and Long-Term Lime Pretreatment of Bagasse December 2004 Hyun Ho Lee Kuo A Thin Film Transistor Driven Microchannel Device Single Event Kinetic Modeling of Solid Acid Alkylation of Isobutane with Butenes over December 2004 Jorge Martinis Froment Proton-Exchanged Y-Zeolites Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Self-assembled Monolayers from Molecular December 2004 Turkan Aydogmus Ford, D. Simulations December 2004 Frederico Gabriel El-Halwagi, M Resource Conservation and Optimization via Process Integration December 2004 Jun-Yen Tewg Kuo Zirconium-Doped Tantalum Oxide High-K gate Dielectric Films

December 2004 Cesar Granda Cotlear Holtzapple, M. Sugarcane Juice Extraction and Preservation, and Long-Term Lime Pretreatment of Bagasse

2005

May 2005 Wanida Wattanakaroon Good, T. Development of an Interleukin 2 Receptor Targeted Gene Therapy Vehicle Role of Aggregation Conditions and Presence of Samll Heat Shock Proteins on Abeta May 2005 Sung Mun Lee Good, T. Structure, Stability and Toxicity 87

Application and Modeling Near-Infrared Frequency Domain Photon Migration for August 2005 Tianshu Pan Sevick-Muraca, E. Monitoring Pharmaceutical Powder Blending Operations August 2005 Abdulaziz Almutlaq El-Halwagi, M. Algebraic Approaches to Resource Conservation via Process Integration August 2005 Migvia Vidal Vazquez Mannnan, S. Binary Mixture Flammability Characteristics for Hazard Assessment August 2005 Shane Carr Shantz, D. Design and Control of Hierarchically Structured Nanomaterials Thermal Runaway Reaction Hazard and Decomposition Mechanism of the Hydroxylamine August 2005 Chunyang Wei Mannnan, S. System Fundamental Study of Structural Features Affecting Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic August 2005 Li Zhu Holtzapple, M. Biomass August 2005 Seung Lee Shantz, D. Morphological Control of Silicalite-1 Crystals Using Microemulsion Mediated Growth Developing a Fundamental Understanding of Biomass Structural Features Responsible for August 2005 Jonathan O'Dwyer Holtzapple, M. Enzymatic Digestibility August 2005 Meteab AlOtaibi El-Halwagi, M. Productivity Enhancement Through Process Integration August 2005 James Henry Good, T. Development of Nano-Scale and Biomimetic Surfaces for Biomedical Applications August 2005 Amit Joshi Sevick-Muraca, E. Adaptive Finite Element Methods for Fluorescence Enhanced Optical Tomography December 2005 Rubayat Mahmud El-Halwagi, M. Resource Conservation Through a Heirarchical Approach of Mass and Energy Integration Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Analysis for Determination of Porous Media December 2005 Jinsoo Uh Watson, A. Properties December 2005 Joshua Bush Hall, K.R. Synthesis of Controlled Release Drug Device with Supercritical CO2 and Co-Solvent December 2005 Rogelio Sotelo-Boyas Froment/Anthony Fundamental Kinetic Modeling of the Catalytic Reforming Process December 2005 Jiang Lu Kuo Hafnium-Doped Tantalum Oxide High-K Gate Dielectric Films for Future CMOS Technology December 2005 Jessica Houston Sevick-Muraca, E. Near Infrared Optical Lymphography for Cancer Diagnostics December 2005 Won Jae Lee Anthony/Froment Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation into Styrene: Kinetic Modeling And Reactor Simulation December 2005 Frank Agbogbo Holtzapple, M. Anaerobic Fermentation of Rice Straw and Chicken Manure to Carboxylic Acids December 2005 Chil-Hung Cheng Shantz, D. High-Silica Zeolite Nucleation from Clear Solutions December 2005 Jessica Houston Sevick-Muraca, E. Near Infrared Optical Lymphography for Cancer Diagnostics December 2005 Jiang Lu Hafnium-Doped Tantalum Oxide High-K Gate Dielectric Flims for Future CMOS Technology

2006

May 2006 Yingchun Zhang Balbuena, P. Computational study of the transport mechanisms of molecules and ions in solid materials

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Direct Measurements of Ensemble Particle and Surface Interactions on Homogeneous and May 2006 Hung Wu Bevan, M. Patterned Substrates May 2006 Srinivasan Rajaraman Hahn, J./Mannan, S. Robust Model-based Fault Diagnosis for Chemical Process Systems May 2006 Samartha Anekal Bevan, M. Stokesian Dynamic Simulations and Analyses of Interfacial and Bulk Colloidal Fluids Quantitative Transportation Risk Analysis Based on Available Data/Databases: Decision Support May 2006 Yuanhua Qiao Mannan, S. Tools for Hazardous Materials Transportation August 2006 Abhay Kumar Singh Hahn, J. Sensor network and Soft Sensor Design for Stable Nonlinear Dynamic Systems December 2006 Chuili Sun Hahn, J. Model reduction of systems exhibiting two-time-scales behavior or parametric uncertainty December 2006 Yen-Shan Liu Mannan, S. Development of an Advanced Nanocalorimetry System for Rapid Material Characterization Organic-inorganic nanocomposite membranes from highly ordered mesoporous thin films for December 2006 Sookjun Yoo Shantz, D.; D. Ford solubility based separations December 2006 Jeng-Shiung Jan Shantz, D. Studies of block copolypeptide synthesis, self-assembly and structure-directing ability December 2006 Samartha Anekal Bevan, M Stokesian Dynamic Simulations and Analysis of Interfacial and Bulk Colloidal Fluids December 2006 Wun K. Wong Holste, J. Measurement of Flammability in a Closed Cylindrical vessel With thermal Criteria December 2006 Arjun Sudarsan Ugaz, V. Multivortex Micromixing: Novel Techniques Using Dean Flows for Passive Microfluidic Mixing Kinetic modeling of the hydrotreatment of light cycle oil and heavy gas oil using the structural December 2006 Luis-Carlos Castaneda Froment, G. contributions approach December 2006 Celia Marin-Rosas Froment, G. Middle distillate hydrotreatment zeolite catalysts containing Pt/Pd or Ni December 2006 Hans Kumar Froment, G. Mechanistic kinetic modeling of the hydrocracking of complex feedstocks December 2006 Xiaoyun Qin El-Halwagi, M. Simultaneous Process and Molecular Design/Selection Through Property Integration

December 2006 Vasiliki Kazantzi El-Halwagi, M. Novel Visualization and Algebraic Techniques for Sustainable Development Through Property

2007

Theoretical Studies of Transition Metal Surfaces as Surfaces as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen May 2007 Eduardo Lamas Balbuena, Electroreduction High-Accuracy P-p-T Measurements of Pure Gas and Natural gas Like Mixtures Using a Compact May 2007 Saquib Ejaz Hall, K/Holste, J. Magnetic Suspension Densimeter May 2007 Susan Mitchell Mannan, S Resilient Engineered Systems: The development of an Inherent System Property Theory and simulation of colloids near interfaces: quantitative mapping of interaction August 2007 Lu, M. Bevan/Ford potentials High accuracy p-rho-t measurements up to 200 MPa between 200 K and 500 K using a compact August 2007 Atilhan, M. Hall single sinker magnetic suspension densimeter for pure and natural gas like mixtures 89

August 2007 Woo, Won Jun Glover Development of a long-term durability specification for polymer modified asphalt August 2007 Bo Wang Froment, G. Applications of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation on noble metal catalysts A novel approach to process debottlenecking and intensification: integrated techniques for December 2007 Al Thubaiti, M. El-Halwagi targeting and design

2008

May 2008 N. Rouckout Froment, G. Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethylbenzene sulfonylchloride into phenol

May 2008 Beckham, R. Bevan Confocal microscopy study of colloidal sedimentation and crystallization May 2008 Lo, C.-C. Ugaz Dna electrophoresis in photopolymerized polyacrylamide gels on a microfluidic device May 2008 Wang, J. Ugaz The nanoporous morphology of photopolymerized crosslinked polyacrylamide hydrogels Collection, Focusing, and Metering of DNA in Microchannels using Addressable Electrode Arrays for August 2008 Faisal Shaikh Ugaz, V. Portable Low-Power Bioanalysis August 2008 Zachary Kraus Glover, C The morphology of polymer modified asphalt and its relationship to rheology and durability August 2008 Al-Mutairi, E. El-Halwagi Simultaneous Design, Scheduling and Operation Through Process Integration August 2008 Chen, X. Ugaz An Investigation on Gel Electrophoresis with Quantum Dots End-labeled DNA El-Halwagi August 2008 Cormier, B. Mannan Computational fluid dynamics for LNG vapor dispersion modeling: a key parameters study The application of expansion foam on liquefied natural gas (LNG) to suppress LNG vapor and LNG August 2008 Suardin, J. Mannan pool fire thermal radiation August 2008 Xu, Xin Holtzapple Direct conversion of carboxylate salts to carboxylic acids via reactive extraction August 2008 Wang, T. El-Halwagi Process simulation, integration and optimization of blending of petrodiesel with biodiesel August 2008 Tora, E. El-Halwagi Optimal design and integration of solar systems and fossil fuels for process cogeneration August 2008 Fernandes, G. Bevan Reversible Attraction-Mediated Colloidal Crystallization on Patterned Substrates August 2008 Lovelady, E. El-Halwagi Integrated approaches to the optimal design of multiscale systems August 2008 Nominanda, Helinda Kuo, Y. Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor as Nonvolatile Device August 2008 Xin Xu Glover, C Direct Conversion of Carboxylate salts to carboxylic acids via reactive extraction December 2008 Nasser Al-Azri El-Halwagi, M Integrated Approaches to the Optimization of Process Utility December 2008 Can Attila Cagin, T Identification of pseudomonas Aeruginosa Virulence Factors Via a Poplar Tree Model 90

December 2008 Arwa Rabie El-Halwagi, M Optimal Design and Scheduling of unsteady State Material Recovery Networks December 2008 Jin Zhao Computational study of Catalyzed Growth of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes December 2008 Buping Bao El-Halwagi, M Simulation, Integration, and Economic Analysis of Gas to Liquid Processes The Investigation of Controlled Release microchips, nanoparticles, and sirna for Gene Delivery in December 2008 Christina Chern Hahn, M Tissue Engineering Applications December 2008 Rabie, A. Laird Nonlinear estimation of water network demands form limited measurement information December 2008 Jipeng Dong Holtzapple, M Recovery of Carboxylic Acids From Fermentation Broth Via Acid Springing Balabsubramaniyan December 2008 Holtzapple, M Pretreatment and Fermentation of Sugarcane Trash to Carboxylic Acids Nachiappan December 2008 Gerald Zuniga Mannan, S Layer of Protection Analysis Applied to Ammonia Refrigeration Systems December 2008 Guojun Liu Kuo, Y. Process and reliability assessment of plasma-based copper etch process Francisco Tarazona- December 2008 Balbuena, P. Computational study of the complexation of metal ion precursors in dendritic polymers Vasquez Reactivity and stability of platinum and platinum alloy catalysts toward the oxygen reduction December 2008 Sergio R. Calvo Balbuena, P. reaction December 2008 Zhihui Gu Balbuena, P. Dissolution of oxygen reduction electrocatalysts in acidic environment

2009

May 2009 Jin Zhao Balbuena, P. Computational study of catalyzed growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes May 2009 Srinivasa Pullela Cheng, Z Dynamics of Intelligent Poly (N-Isopropylacylamide) Microgels Separation of Proteins by Ion Exchange and Membrane Chromatography: May 2009 Tamina Imam Nikolov, Z Buffer composition, Interfacing Impurities and Fouling Considerations May 2009 Mirna Lubis Holtzapple, M Desalination using Vapor-Compression Distillation May 2009 Pablo Salazar Seminario, J Analysis of Binding Affinity in Drug Design Based on a Ab-Initio Approach Design of Recycle /Reuse Networks with Thermal Effects and Variable August 2009 Jose Zavala El-Halwagi, M Sources Contributions to an Improved Oxygen and Thermal Transport Model and August 2009 Xin Jin Glover, C Development of Fatigue Analysis Software for Asphalt Pavements

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August 2009 Seung Uk Yeu Shantz, D Nanocomposite Membranes for Complex Separations August 2009 Lijun Liu Mannan, S The Safe Storage of Autocatalytic Reactive Chemical Systematic Investigation of Hydrogel Material properties on Cell Responses August 2009 Allen Bulick Hahn, M for Vocal Fold and Vascular Graft Tissue Engineering Transformation of Acetone and Isopropanol to Hydrocarbons using HZSM-5 December 2009 Sebastian Taco Vasquez Holtzapple, M Catalyst A Process Integration Approach to the Strategic Design and Scheduling of December 2009 Rene Elms El-Halwagi, M Biorefineries December 2009 Derek Englert Jayarman, A Microfludic Systems for Investigation Bacterial Chemotaxis and Colonization December 2009 Jefferey Gaspard Hahn, M Block Copolymer Vesicles: Self-assembled Behavior for Use in Biomimicry December 2009 Nikornpon Prapaitrakul Glover, C Toward and Improved Model of Asphalt Binder Oxidation in Pavements Nonlinear Estimation for Model Based Fault Diagnosis of Nonlinear Chemical December 2009 Chunyan Qu Hahn, J Systems Forced Dispersion of Liquefied Natural Gas Vapor Clouds with Water Spray December 2009 Morshed Rana Mannan, S Curtain Application

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4.5. Graduate student placement data Placement data for M.S. and Ph.D. students, 2003-2009.

students continued not advisor graduated Industry Postdoc Faculty for PhD placed Companies Universities Anthony 9 6 2 1 Bayer, ABB Lumus, PEMEX (PhD) Eastman, SAMSUNG, SABIC Balbuena, 2 1 1 0 Eastman MS Balbuena, 6 4 1 1 2 DNV, MEMC, BR&E, Universidad PhD Baker Engineering Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru Bukur (MS) 1 1 0 TAMU (Mannan) Cagin (MS) 1 1 0 OSI Soft Cagin (PhD) 1 1 0 Baker Engineering & Risk Consultancy Cheng (MS) 1 1 0 Baker Hughes Cheng 1 1 0 Intel (PhD) El-Halwagi 12 5 1 6 0 KBR (2), Shell (2), Air Qatar (MS) Products University El-Halwagi 13 10 3 0 Dow, Baker Risk, King Saud (PhD) Intel(2), Consulting, (2), Sultan Mustang Eng., Qaboos Investa, Weyerhauser, SABIC, Aramco Froment 10 7 3 0 Bayer, Koch, BR&E, IPN Mexico, (PhD) LG Petrochemicals, PEMEX, IMP Sabic, Technip Hahn (J), 2 1 1 0 Rockwell MS

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Hahn (J), 5 4 1 0 Samsung, Applied Univ PhD Materials, DOD, Shell Louisiana Lafayette (postdoc) Hahn (M) 2 2 0 Fisher Wheeler, US MS patent office Hahn (M) 2 1 1 Dow Chemical PhD Hall, PhD 6 4 1 1 0 ABB, Samsung, TAMUQ, UVA Formosa, S&B (Postdoc) Engineering Holtzapple 7 6 1 General Mills, (MS) 'Houston area companies' Holtzapple 9 5 4 0 Albermarle, Fluor TAMU (2 (PhD) Daniel, Conoco Postdoc), Phillips, Mascoma, Florida DNV (postdoc) Jayaraman 2 1 1 UPenn (MS) Kuo (MS) 1 1 0 Kuo (PhD) 5 4 1 0 Applied Materials, Myungin Intel University (Korea) Laird (MS) 1 1 Mannan 22 17 5 Chevron, Aramco, Halliburton, Foster (MS) Wheeler, Exxon Mobil, Shell, DNV, KBR, AMEC paragon, National Starch, ASM Parsons, Celerity, BP-Atlantis Mannan 17 15 2 Siemens, Shell (2), Univ. (PhD) BP (2), WS Atkins, Louisiana Exxon (2), DNV, DOD, Lafayette, Exponent, Advantica, Iowa State BASF, Applied Materials Shantz, MS 2 2 0 Shantz, PhD 6 3 1 2 0 Alberlmarle, Ryerson

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Samsung, LG (Canada), Cheng-Kung (Taiwan), GA tech (postdoc) Ugaz (MS) 2 1 1 0 Ugaz (PhD) 6 2 3 1 0 Mustang Engineering, Qatar Advanced Liquid Logic University, Arizonia State (postdoc), Harvard/Mass Gen (Postdoc), California State @ LA (Postdoc)

totals--> 151 100 10 16 19 6

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5. Strategic Plan/Program Assessment The Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University is recognized for its strong programs and the quality of its graduates. It has maintained close ties with industry, and its graduates have distinguished themselves throughout the breadth of the process industries, which include the traditional refinery and petrochemical processes, but also food, pulp and paper, as well as the electronic, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The Department’s programs are among the strongest in the Nation with extensive industrial recruitment of our graduates. The Department produces slightly less than 3% of the Nation’s chemical engineers at all degree levels.

5.1. Vision The Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University will be recognized as one of the best programs in the nation, fulfilling its part of TAMU’s mission with scholarship, leadership and innovation in all aspects of research, teaching and service. We will be known for the high quality of our learning environment, the depth of our scholarship, and our commitment to our profession.

5.2. Mission The mission of the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University is to foster a community of learning and scholarship, to create new knowledge and technology, and to enable our graduates to identify and achieve their goals.

5.3. Core Values ⎯ Mutual respect for each other and our efforts in scholarship, teaching, and service is essential. ⎯ Collegiality and cooperation are hallmarks of a vibrant and productive faculty. ⎯ Teaching and research are activities that reinforce and enhance each other. ⎯ Respect for all students is vital. ⎯ Diversity in our faculty and amongst our students is a goal we seek. ⎯ We are honored to serve in academia.

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5.4. Stakeholders ⎯ Undergraduate students and their families ⎯ Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows ⎯ Alumni and benefactors ⎯ Employers of chemical engineering graduates ⎯ State and federal agencies ⎯ Faculty and staff

5.5. Outcomes In order to help the department fulfill its mission, the graduate program seeks to achieve the following outcomes:

⎯ Outcome 1: The graduate programs in CHEN should attract quality students. ⎯ Outcome 2: The graduate programs in CHEN should produce graduate students capable of performing quality research. ⎯ Outcome 3: The graduate programs in CHEN should produce students in demand from both industry and academia.

The second outcome would not necessarily apply to our Master of Engineering programs, as those are non-research oriented degree programs. However, many of our MEng students have the necessary tools to participate in research activities, even though they may have not yet had such experiences.

5.6. Measures The extent to which the graduate program is achieving these outcomes will be measured using the following metrics:

⎯ Outcome 1 – Quality of Incoming Students o GRE scores of incoming graduate students o Admission selectivity o Number of students receiving prestigious fellowships (e.g., NSF fellowships, Graduate Merit Fellowships)

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⎯ Outcome 2 – Quality of Student Research o Number of student publications in peer-reviewed archival journals o Number of student research awards (e.g., best paper awards) o Number of patents ⎯ Outcome 3 – Demand of Graduates o Salaries of graduates (as compared to national averages) o Percentage of graduates employed in engineering positions upon or soon after graduation o Number of graduates in faculty positions

5.7. Data Collection Data collection will be coordinated through the Department Graduate Office. Statistics regarding the measures associated with Outcome 1 have been collected for a number of years. Some are presented in this self-study. Statistics regarding the measures associated with Outcomes 2 and 3 will be collected through the use of an exit interview. Starting with the Fall 2008 semester, anytime a graduate student applies for graduation, they will be asked to complete an exit survey, which will provide us with the measures specified. The Graduate Studies Committee will review the data collected and make recommendations for improvements on a yearly basis.

5.8. Strengths and weaknesses of the program

Strengths ⎯ Successful, multidisciplinary faculty: We have a number of excellent faculty that are quite productive both in terms of scholarship and external research funding. In addition, a number of our junior faculty have won the prestigious NSF CAREER award and other faculty have been honors from AIChE. Areas of research excellence include: o Biomolecular/bioprocess engineering o Microfluidics o Molecular computation o Systems engineering o Nanomaterials & catalysis

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⎯ Strong alumni base: The department’s alumni have been very generous, particularly in terms of gifts, endowments, and time donated to the department. Currently our department has over $20 million in endowments, making it one of the most successful departments in the College in terms of development. ⎯ Strong industrial support: The department has an excellent relationship with industry, particularly those in the petrochemical and energy sectors. We currently have research programs funded by BP, Shell, Sabic, Dow, Terrabon, Eastman, and Chevron to name a few. Our graduate students have been readily able to find employment with these and other companies.

Weaknesses ⎯ Departmental climate: The department has been plagued for a number of years by infighting amongst faculty (both between individuals and between ranks) and a general mistrust of departmental administration and each other. This has manifested itself in the form of hostility at faculty and departmental committee meetings, hostile email exchanges copying the entire faculty, a lack of faculty engagement in departmental affairs, and the proliferation of conspiracy theories. This is by far the greatest challenge the department faces and strongly influences the function of the department, faculty retention, and hiring. o Actions: The department has hired an organization psychologist, Dr. Nancy Algert-Watson, to find the root of climate problems, mediate disputes, and help develop a more positive and productive working environment for all faculty. Dr. Algert-Watson is a trained mediator and has many years of experience working with academic departments. ⎯ Perception and lack of visibility: Both past and currently issues with climate have caused a negative external perception of the department, even though the department has a very productive faculty, an extremely generous alumni base, and excellent facilities. o Actions: In addition to pro-actively seeking to improve departmental climate, the department is working to increase departmental visibility and improve perception through an aggressive communications strategy

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⎯ Junior faculty retention: The department has been perceived as a good place to start one’s career but not necessarily a good place to remain in the long term. This has resulted in a number of junior faculty departures over the last 10 years, including to departments of lower rank. o Actions: In addition to pro-actively seeking to improve departmental climate, the department is working to retain junior faculty through the use of developmental professorships and departmental resources to improve facilities and recruit better graduate students. ⎯ Lack of domestic graduate students: As with many engineering programs throughout the country, our graduate program suffers from a noticeable lack of domestic students. The department, college and university administration has put significant effort and resources into improving this situation. We have seen some gradual improvement in this area, but we still have a long way to go in this respect. o In an effort to increase the number of domestic graduate students in the department, we have started to offer top-up fellowships to top U.S. students. In addition, efforts are underway to develop more endowed graduate fellowships in the department. We have some encouraging growth in domestic student enrollment (Figure 20); however, the challenge will be sustaining this trend.

14

12

10

8

6

Students enrolled 4

2

0 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year

Figure 20. Domestic Ph.D. student enrollment

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⎯ Lack of growth in the academic budget: Although the department has grown over the last five years through the reinvestment program, the operational budget of the department has not grown proportionally. This means that the department has very limited funds for new staff, technicians and teaching assistants. Having better support in this area would enable the faculty to be more productive. ⎯ Lack of major federally funded centers: One noticeable weakness in the department is the absence of major, multi-year federally funded research programs/centers that involve multiple faculty.

5.9. Evolution of the Graduate Program over the Last Five Years The Chemical Engineering department has undergone significant transformation since the last doctoral program review. As outlined in the first chapter there have been approximately 12 faculty hires as part of the faculty reinvestment program. The quality of the core infrastructure and resources has improved dramatically via the new building and the endowment of the department respectively. The undergraduate program has undergone substantial growth. The graduate program has also seen many changes as well. Some of the key changes include:

• A more systematic approach to admissions • A PhD qualifying process that allows the PhD student to know if they will be allowed proceed into PhD precandidacy within 12 months of joining the department • The graduate mentoring seminar, which while serving the purpose of supporting the department core teaching efforts, also provides the students with meaningful opportunities to be exposed to the education aspects of teaching. • The department has implemented several policies to call explicit attention of the importance of scholarship. These include the Deisler fellowships and the two- publication rule.

5.10. Goals for the Graduate Program in the Coming Five Years ⎯ Top 20 ranking ⎯ Increase the visibility of the graduate program nationally (i.e. higher percentage of domestic students (> 40%))

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⎯ Increase the number of PhD graduates taking postdoctoral positions in top 10 ChE programs and at flagship national laboratories in the US and abroad ⎯ Increase the number of PhD graduates entering academic positions in US universities ⎯ Increase the number of PhD students in the program to 140 (this would be a 20-25% increase) ⎯ Increase the number of graduate student training grants, i.e. NSF IGERTs and NIH training grants. ⎯ More clearly articulate / define the bounds the level of graduate support the undergraduate program needs via TAs/grading/recitation support

Short Terms Goals/Actions ⎯ Develop a long-term plan for increasing the percentage of high quality domestic students ⎯ Refine and improve the graduate mentoring seminar ⎯ Develop a teaching mentors program to give co-teaching (with faculty) opportunities to promising graduate students ⎯ Develop a plan to identify and generate additional financial resources that can be used to top off domestic student stipends (i.e. top offs for recruiting) ⎯ Develop a plan to procure the financial resources to increase departmental stipends ⎯ Identify groups of faculty that are capable of obtaining training grants

Strategic Research Areas The College of Engineering and the university completed a strategic planning process and as part of that process our department has identified three theme areas we believe align with these plans. These theme areas will provide direction for future hiring though other areas may be considered if outstanding candidates are found.

Systems Biology Systems biology is a relatively new research area that offers tremendous opportunities for Texas A&M as we are in a unique position to take advantage of already existing strengths on campus in various areas. Furthermore, several major collaborative initiatives exist in the area of systems biology (such as the Alliance for Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, and Systems

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Biology (ABCS), the Integrated Undergraduate Research Experiences in Biological and Mathematical Sciences, and the Genomic Signal Processing Laboratory), which distinguishes Texas A&M from other schools where the focus in this field is either heavily tilted towards the computational or the experimental component but where less emphasis is placed on the synergies that can be created by a multidisciplinary research effort. By focusing our capabilities on systems biology and further leveraging the already existing strengths at Texas A&M, it is possible that the university emerges as one of the leading institutions in this new field. Ten faculty members (Profs. Zhilei Chen, Zhengdong Cheng, Juergen Hahn, Mariah Hahn, Arul Jayaraman, Katy Kao, Carl Laird, Michael Pishko, Jorge Seminario, Thomas Wood) of the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering are involved in aspects of systems biology. This group includes seven faculty members whose focus is on experimental aspects and three research groups with an emphasis on computational work. Some members of this group are already involved in multidisciplinary research activities on systems biology at Texas A&M. The challenge for the department will be to coalesce this group and develop large federally funded center together with other investigators on campus.

Energy and Sustainability In support of the College’s strategic plan, the Energy Engineering Institute was recently created to focus on a variety of topics related to energy research, education and policy. Technological solutions to problems associated with the development of sustainable energy sources and advanced storage and distribution technologies will be sought and policy issues related to energy and sustainability will be studied. The department is well positioned to provide leadership within the Institute and develop multidisciplinary programs related to

⎯ Alternative Fuels: Coal to liquids/gases, GTL, biofuels, plant-based oils, conversion processes, fuel cells, solar. ⎯ Energy-related materials: Mesoporous materials, functional materials. ⎯ Catalysis and reaction engineering

⎯ Sustainability: Design for sustainability, benign processing, CO2 as a feedstock.

Therapeutics The National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing and its focus were described earlier in Section 2.1. The department has a number of key faculty in the systems area (El-Halwagi, J.

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Hahn, and Laird) and experimentally oriented faculty in biochemical/biomolecular area. We will be seeking addition hires in the bioprocess area to support the Center’s activities.

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APPENDIX A: Chemical Engineering Faculty Guidelines

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 ͵

108

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—‰—•–ʹͲͲͺ x  Ž—•‹‘‘ˆ‹••‹‘•–ƒ–‡‡– x ††‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡ ‘”†‘ˆŠƒ‰‡• x Žƒ”‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡š‘ˆˆ‹ ‹‘”‘Ž‡‘ˆ  ‹ ‘‹––‡‡• x Šƒ‰‡ˆ”‘ –‘‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‡–‘”‹‰’”‘‰”ƒ x ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘•‘ˆ–›’‡•‘ˆŒ‘‹– ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• x •‡‘ˆ‡š–‡”ƒŽˆƒ —Ž–›‹–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–› •‡ƒ” Š ‘‹––‡‡ x ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘‘ˆ†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒŽ ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’• x ‡‘˜ƒŽ‘ˆˆ—†‹‰”ƒ‹•‹‰ƒ† ’—„Ž‹ ‹–›ƒ• ‘‹––‡‡ˆ— –‹‘• x ††‹–‹‘‘ˆ’’‡†‹š ǣƬ ‘‹––‡‡”‘ ‡†—”‡• x ††‹–‹‘‘ˆ’’‡†‹š ǣ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‡ ”—‹–‹‰ƒ††‹••‹‘• ‘‹––‡‡”‘ ‡†—”‡• 

Ǥ   Š‡ ‹••‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”–‹‡  ‡””‹ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘ˆ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ƒ– ‡šƒ• Ƭ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‹• –‘ ˆ‘•–‡” ƒ ‘—‹–› ‘ˆ Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ ƒ† • Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’ǡ –‘ ”‡ƒ–‡ ‡™ ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ƒ†–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡƒ†–‘‡ƒ„Ž‡‘—”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–‘‹†‡–‹ˆ›ƒ†ƒ Š‹‡˜‡–Š‡‹”‰‘ƒŽ•Ǥ ‹–Š–Š‹•‹••‹‘‹‹†ǡ–Š‹•†‘ —‡–•‡–•ˆ‘”–Š‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•ˆ‘” ‘†— –‹‰–Š‡ƒˆˆƒ‹”•‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘ˆ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ ‡šƒ• Ƭ ‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ  – ‘ˆ‘”• –‘ –Š‡ •—’‡”‹‘” †‘ —‡–• ‘ ‘Ž‹ ‹‡• ƒ† ”‘ ‡†—”‡• ˆ‘” ‡šƒ• Ƭ ‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ  ‘”‡ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ›ǣ ͳǤ Š‡ ‰‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ –Š‹• †‘ —‡– ‹• –‘ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š ƒ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘” ˆ‘” ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‰‘˜‡”ƒ ‡™‹–Š‹–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•–‘‘—–Ž‹‡‰‡‡”ƒŽ‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆˆƒ —Ž–› ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ǡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ ƒ† •‡”˜‹ ‡Ǥ Š‹Ž‡ ‹– ‹• ”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡† •— Š ƒ †‘ —‡– ƒ‘– ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ ƒŽŽ ’‘••‹„Ž‡ ‹” —•–ƒ ‡• ƒ† –Šƒ– ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‡š ‡’–‹‘• ƒ› ‘ ƒ•‹‘ƒŽŽ›ƒ”‹•‡ǡ–Š‡‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ•’‹”‹–‘ˆ–Š‡‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•‰‹˜‡Š‡”‡‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–‘Š‘Ž†–”—‡Ǥ

ʹǤ Š‹•‹•ƒŽ‹˜‹‰†‘ —‡––Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘–‹—ƒŽŽ›”‡˜‹‡™‡†ƒ†‘†‹ˆ‹‡†ƒ•‡‡†‡†Ǥ

͵Ǥ Š‹• †‘ —‡– ‘—–Ž‹‡• ƒ ‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ •–”— –—”‡ ˆ‘” ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ‰‘˜‡”ƒ ‡ ƒ† ™‹ŽŽ ”‡ƒ‹ ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š —‹˜‡”•‹–› ’‘Ž‹ ‹‡• ƒ† ‰‘˜‡”‹‰ •–”— –—”‡• ƒ†‘’–‡† „› ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡•ǤŠ‹•†‘ —‡–™‹ŽŽ„‡—’†ƒ–‡†–‘”‡ˆŽ‡ –ƒ› Šƒ‰‡•ƒ†‡–‘ –Š‡•‡’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•Ǥ

 Ͷ

109

Ǥ    

Ǥ              

ͳǤ ŽŽ’‡”•‘•Š‘Ž†‹‰ŠƒŽˆǦ–‹‡‘”‰”‡ƒ–‡”ƒ ƒ†‡‹ ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• ™Š‘ŽŽ›‘”’”‹ƒ”‹Ž›‹–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–‘ˆŠ‡‹ ƒŽ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ‹ –Š‡ ”ƒ• ‘ˆ ‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡† ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǡ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǡ ••‹•–ƒ– ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǡ ƒ† ‡‹‘” ‡ –—”‡” •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ˜‘–‹‰ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘ˆ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ȋŠ‡”‡‹ƒˆ–‡”ǡ‡’ƒ”–‡–ȌǤˆ—ŽŽǦ–‹‡ƒ’’‘‹–‡– ‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•ͳͲͲΨ†—”‹‰–Š‡‹‡ƒ ƒ†‡‹ ‘–Š•Ǥ

ʹǤ ƒ —Ž–› Š‘Ž†‹‰ —ŽŽ ‘‹– ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ƒ† ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ˜‘–‹‰ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ  ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‘‹–‡„‡”•Š‹’†‘‡•‘–‹ Ž—†‡–Š‡”‹‰Š––‘˜‘–‡Ǥ‹•‹–‹‰ƒ† ‘–Š‡” –‡’‘”ƒ”› ‘” ’ƒ”–Ǧ–‹‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ”‡ ™‡Ž ‘‡ –‘ ƒ––‡† ˆƒ —Ž–›‡‡–‹‰•„—– ƒ‘–˜‘–‡Ǥ‡‡•‡ –‹‘Ǥˆ‘”†‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘•‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ˆƒ —Ž–› Žƒ••‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

Ǥ    

ͳǤ  Ǥ

Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†‹•–Š‡ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†‡š‡ —–‹˜‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ƒ† ‹–• •’‘‡•’‡”•‘ –‘ –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹‘ƒ† ‘—‹–‹‡•‘—–•‹†‡–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ

ƒǤ ‡” ‘ˆ ˆˆ‹ ‡Ǥ  Š‡ –‡” ‘ˆ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ˆ‘—” ›‡ƒ”•ǡ ƒ† ‹• ”‡‡™ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†”‡˜‹‡™•ƒ”‡’‡”ˆ‘”‡†’‡”‘ŽŽ‡‰‡‘ˆ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•ǤŠ‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†•‡”˜‡•ƒ– –Š‡’Ž‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡‘ŽŽ‡‰‡‘ˆ‰‹‡‡”‹‰Ǥ

„Ǥ ”‘ ‡†—”‡•ˆ‘”‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†

‹Ǥ Š‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ ˆ‘” •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡’ƒ”–‡– Š‡ƒ†‹•‘—–Ž‹‡†‹‹˜‡”•‹–›—Ž‡•ƒ†–ƒ†ƒ”† ’‡”ƒ–‹‰”‘ ‡†—”‡•ͳʹǤͻͻǤͻͻǤ͸

Ǥ š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘”–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†!Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǡ–Š”‘—‰Š†‹”‡ –ƒ –‹‘‘”†‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‹‘‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–‘ǣ

‹Ǥ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡ ƒ† ‹’Ž‡‡– ’‘Ž‹ ‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡’ƒ”–‡– ‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ †‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘‹––‡‡•Ǣ

 ͷ

110

‹‹Ǥ ‘•—Ž– ”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž› ™‹–Š †‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ‹”•Ǣ

‹‹‹Ǥ ’”‡•‹†‡ƒ–†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽˆƒ —Ž–›‡‡–‹‰•ǡ‡•—”‡ –Šƒ– ƒ —”ƒ–‡ ‹—–‡• ƒ”‡ ‡’–ǡ ƒ† –Šƒ– ƒ •—ƒ”› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‹—–‡• ƒ”‡ †‹•–”‹„—–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–›™‹–Š‹ˆ‹˜‡™‘”‹‰†ƒ›•‘ˆ–Š‡‡‡–‹‰

‹˜Ǥ ˆ‘”—Žƒ–‡ƒ†ƒƒ‰‡–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ„—†‰‡–Ǣ

˜Ǥ ƒƒ‰‡‘ˆˆ‹ ‡‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•Ǣ

˜‹Ǥ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡ˆƒ —Ž–›ƒ†•–ƒˆˆǢ

˜‹‹Ǥ ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡ˆƒ —Ž–›†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǣ

˜‹‹‹Ǥ ƒ••‹‰ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ Ž‘ƒ†• ƒ† • Š‡†—Ž‡• ‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†•Ǣ

‹šǤ ƒ””›‘†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ ‘””‡•’‘†‡ ‡Ǣ

šǤ ”‡•‘Ž˜‡•–—†‡– ‘’Žƒ‹–•Ǣ

š‹Ǥ ‡†‹ƒ–‡ ‘” ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ƒ ‡•• –‘ ƒ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒ–‘”–‘Š‡Ž’”‡•‘Ž˜‡ˆƒ —Ž–›†‹•’—–‡•Ǣ

š‹‹Ǥ •‡‡ ƒ†˜‹ ‡ ˆ”‘ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”•ǡ ˆ”‘ ‘‹––‡‡•ǡ ƒ† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ• ƒ ™Š‘Ž‡Ǣ

š‹‹‹Ǥ „‡ ƒ ‡š ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹‘ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ †—Ž› ‘•–‹–—–‡† †‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡•ǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡š ‡’–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡—”‡ Ƭ ”‘‘–‹‘ ƒ† –Š‡ Šƒ‹”• Ƭ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’• ‘‹––‡‡•Ǥ

†Ǥ —–Š‘”‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ

‹Ǥ Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ƒ’’‘‹–• ƒŽŽ ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ‹”•Ǥ Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ƒ‡• ‘–Š‡” ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• –‘ ˆ‹ŽŽ —‡š’‹”‡† –‡”• ‘ ‘‹––‡‡•ƒ†–‘ƒ••‹•–‹–Š‡†ƒ‹Ž›‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ –Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ƒ’’‘‹–• ŠƒŽˆ Ž‡•• ‘‡ ȋ‹ Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ‹”•Ȍ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ǡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ǡ ƒ —Ž–› ‡ƒ” Šǡ ƒ† ‡—”‡ ƒ† ”‘‘–‹‘ ‘‹––‡‡•Ǥ  Š‡ ”‡ƒ‹‹‰•’‘–•‘–Š‡•‡ ‘‹––‡‡•ƒ”‡‡Ž‡ –‡† „› ƒŒ‘”‹–› ˜‘–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”•Ǥ  Š‡ ‡šƒ –—„‡”•‘ˆ‡Ž‡ –‡†Ȁƒ’’‘‹–‡†‡„‡”•‘

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–Š‡•‡ ‘‹––‡‡• ƒ”‡ Ž‹•–‡† ‹ –Š‡ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡ ‘‹––‡‡ †‡• ”‹’–‹‘•Ǥ  Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ƒ’’‘‹–•ƒŽŽ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‘–Š‡” ‘‹––‡‡•ǡ‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ† ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ‹”•Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ – ‹• ‡š’‡ –‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ™‹ŽŽ —•—ƒŽŽ› •—’’‘”– –Š‡ †‡ ‹•‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡• ‘” –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ• ƒ ™Š‘Ž‡ ‘” „‘–ŠǤ ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ‹• —ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ •—’’‘”– ƒ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†‡ –Š”‘—‰Š —•—ƒŽ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ǡ Š‡ ‘” •Š‡ •Š‘—Ž†ǡ ™‹–Š‹ ƒ –‹‡Ž› ƒ‡”ǡ‰‹˜‡ƒ™”‹––‡‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘–‘–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–› ‘” –‘ –Š‡ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ  ƒ•‡• ‘ˆ †‹•ƒ‰”‡‡‡–ǡ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† •Š‘—Ž† ‹ Ž—†‡”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–˜‘–‡•‘ˆ ‘‹––‡‡•‘”–Š‡˜‘–‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–›™Š‡”‡’‘”–‹‰–‘–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ƒ† –Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ‡š ‡’–‹‘–‘–Š‹•‹•‹–Š‡ ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡—”‡ ƒ† ”‘‘–‹‘ ‘‹––‡‡ǡ ™Š‡ ‘ˆ‹†‡–‹ƒŽ‹–›‹••—‡•’”‡ Ž—†‡‹–Ǥ

‹˜Ǥ Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǡ •‡”˜‹‰ ƒ• ’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ǡ‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–‘ •—’‡”˜‹•‡ ”‡ ‡‹’– ƒ† ‡š’‡†‹–—”‡ ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ‘‹‡• ƒ† ’”‡’ƒ”‡ ƒ ƒ—ƒŽ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰ „—†‰‡– ƒ† ’”‡˜‹‘—•›‡ƒ”Ǧ‡†ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ”‡’‘”–Ǥ—ƒ”‹‡•‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ †‘ —‡–• •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ• ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ• ‡ƒ”Ž› ‹ –Š‡ ƒ ƒ†‡‹  ›‡ƒ” ƒ• ‹” —•–ƒ ‡• ’‡”‹–ǡ ƒ† ‹ ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡™‹–Š‘ŽŽ‡‰‡‘ˆ‰‹‡‡”‹‰’‘Ž‹ ‹‡•Ǥ

˜Ǥ Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǡ ‹ ‘Œ— –‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ƒ —Ž–› ‡ƒ” Š ‘‹––‡‡ǡ ‹• ‡š’‡ –‡† –‘ •—’‡”˜‹•‡ ƒ† ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ”‡ ”—‹–‹‰ ‘ˆ ‡™ ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”•Ǥ

˜‹Ǥ Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† •ŠƒŽŽ ƒ‡ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” ˆƒ —Ž–› •ƒŽƒ”› ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡• –‘ –Š‡‡ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡‘ŽŽ‡‰‡‘ˆ‰‹‡‡”‹‰Ǥ

˜‹‹Ǥ Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†‹•”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”‹‹–‹ƒ–‹‰ ‡‡–‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡”‘‘–‹‘ƒ†‡—”‡ƒ†‘•–Ǧ ‡—”‡ ‡˜‹‡™ ‘‹––‡‡• ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ‡•—”‡ –‹‡Ž› ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” ’”‘‘–‹‘ ƒ† –‡—”‡ ƒ† ’‘•–Ǧ–‡—”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ †‡ ‹•‹‘• ‹ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒ†ƒ––Š‡‘ŽŽ‡‰‡Ž‡˜‡ŽǤ



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ʹǤ      

Š‡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ˆ‘” ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ –—†‹‡• ȋŠ‡”‡‹ƒˆ–‡”ǡ  Ȍ‘˜‡”•‡‡•–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡”‘‰”ƒǤ

‡Ǥ ‡”‘ˆˆˆ‹ ‡ǤŠ‡••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡ƒ†ˆ‘” ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡–—†‹‡• •‡”˜‡•ƒ––Š‡’Ž‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ

ˆǤ —–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡  ǤŠ‡  ‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–‘

‹Ǥ Žƒ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘—”•‡• ‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡••‘ ‹ƒ–‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ˆ‘” †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ –—†‹‡• ƒ† –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǣ

‹‹Ǥ ‡ –Š‡ ƒ ƒ†‡‹  ƒ†˜‹•‘” ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ •–—†‡–•Ǣ

‹‹‹Ǥ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ƒ†˜‹•‘” •‡Ž‡ –‹‘ ’”‘ ‡•• ȋ•‡‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ƒ†„‘‘Ȍ

‹˜Ǥ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ –Š‡ • Š‡†—Ž‹‰ ƒ† ˜‡”‹ˆ› •–—†‡– ‡Ž‹‰‹„‹Ž‹–› ˆ‘” –Š‡ Š ’”‘ˆ‹ ‹‡ › ‡šƒ ȋ•‡‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ƒ†„‘‘Ȍ

˜Ǥ ’’”‘˜‡†‡‰”‡‡’Žƒ•

˜‹Ǥ ˜‡”•‡‡–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡‡–‘”‹‰’”‘‰”ƒ

˜‹‹Ǥ ‡’”‡•‡––Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒ–‘ŽŽ‡‰‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‡˜‡–• ”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡’”‘‰”ƒ

˜‹‹‹Ǥ Šƒ‹”–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡‘‹––‡‡

‹šǤ ‡”ˆ‘”‘–Š‡”†—–‹‡•ƒ•‹†‹ ƒ–‡†‹–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ –—†‡– ƒ†„‘‘

‰Ǥ ‘”‡ †‡–ƒ‹Ž• ‹ ”‡‰ƒ”†• –‘ –Š‡ †‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘‹––‡‡Ȁ•—„ ‘‹––‡‡• ƒ „‡ ˆ‘—† ‹ ‡ –‹‘   „‡Ž‘™ƒ†–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ƒ†„‘‘Ǥ

ŠǤ 

͵Ǥ       Ǥ

Š‡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ˆ‘” †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ –—†‹‡• ȋŠ‡”‡‹ƒˆ–‡”ǡ Ȍ‘˜‡”•‡‡•–Š‡†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡”‘‰”ƒǤ

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‹Ǥ ‡” ‘ˆ ˆˆ‹ ‡Ǥ  Š‡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡ƒ† ˆ‘” †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ –—†‹‡••‡”˜‡•ƒ––Š‡’Ž‡ƒ•—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ

ŒǤ —–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ǤŠ‡ ‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–‘

‹Ǥ Žƒ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘—”•‡• ‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡••‘ ‹ƒ–‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ˆ‘” ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡–—†‹‡•ƒ†–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†

‹‹Ǥ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ƒ ƒ†‡‹ ƒ†˜‹•‹‰

‹‹‹Ǥ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡–Š‡ ‘Ǧ‘’’”‘‰”ƒ

‹˜Ǥ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•

˜Ǥ ‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ —””‹ —Ž—†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•

˜‹Ǥ Šƒ‹”–Š‡†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡‘‹––‡‡

˜‹‹Ǥ ˜‡”•‡‡ –Š‡ †‹”‡ –‡† •–—†‹‡• ’”‘‰”ƒ ȋ  ͶͺͷȌ

Ǥ ‘”‡ †‡–ƒ‹Ž• ‹ ”‡‰ƒ”†• –‘ –Š‡ †‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ƒ† •—„ ‘‹––‡‡• ƒ „‡ ˆ‘—† ‹ ‡ –‹‘   „‡Ž‘™ ƒ†–Š‡†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ƒ†„‘‘Ǥ

Ǥ      

‹Ǥ Š‡”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•––Š”‡‡”‡‰—Žƒ”‡‡–‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ˆƒ —Ž–› †—”‹‰ ‡ƒ Š ƒ ƒ†‡‹  •‡‡•–‡”Ǥ ‡‰—Žƒ” ‡‡–‹‰• •ŠƒŽŽ „‡Š‡Ž†ƒ–‡˜‡‹–‡”˜ƒŽ•ǡƒ†ƒ• Š‡†—Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‡”‡‰—Žƒ”‡‡–‹‰• •ŠƒŽŽ„‡’—„Ž‹•Š‡†„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ƒ––Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ –Š‡ƒ ƒ†‡‹ ›‡ƒ”ǤŠ‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ’—„Ž‹•Šƒƒ‰‡†ƒ ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š”‡‰—Žƒ”‡‡–‹‰ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•––Š”‡‡†ƒ›•‹ƒ†˜ƒ ‡Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ – ‡‡–‹‰• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ˆƒ —Ž–›ǡ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† •ŠƒŽŽ’”‘˜‹†‡ˆ‘””‡‰—Žƒ””‡’‘”–•ˆ”‘–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡• ƒ† ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ǯ• ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡• –‘ –Š‡ ƒ —Ž–› ‡ƒ–‡ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ”‘‰”ƒ ˆˆ‹ ‡ ‘” ‘–Š‡” ‡šƒ•Ƭ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ•Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ ’‡ ‹ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ˆƒ —Ž–› ˆ‘”•–ƒ–‡†’—”’‘•‡• ƒ›„‡ ƒŽŽ‡†„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǡƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ ƒŽŽ‡†„›–Š‡ ‡ƒ†—’‘–Š‡”‡“—‡•–‘ˆˆ‹ˆ–›’‡” ‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ ‡˜‡†ƒ›•‘–‹ ‡‹•”‡“—‹”‡†Ǥ

‹˜Ǥ Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǡ‘”†‡•‹‰‡‡ǡ•ŠƒŽŽ’”‡•‹†‡ƒ–‡ƒ Š‡‡–‹‰ ‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ

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˜Ǥ ”‹˜‹Ž‡‰‡‘ˆƒ––‡†ƒ ‡ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡ˆŽ‘‘”ƒ–”‡‰—Žƒ”‡‡–‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒŽ•‘ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡‡š–‡†‡†–‘ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”• ™‹–Š Œ‘‹– ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• ‹ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ǡ ‡ –—”‡”•ǡ ‹•‹–‹‰ǡƒ†’ƒ”–Ǧ–‹‡ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”•‹–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ

˜‹Ǥ —‡•–•ƒ›„‡‹˜‹–‡†–‘‡‡–‹‰•‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆƒ —Ž–›„› –Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†‘”„›ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆƒ —Ž–› ™‹–Š ‘ —””‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ–ƒ–‡‘ˆ‡šƒ•ƒ™‘ ‘’‡‡‡–‹‰•ƒŽŽ‘™•–Š‡’”‡•‡ ‡‘ˆ‘Ǧ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‰˜‹•‹–‘”•Ǥ

˜‹‹Ǥ –‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›™‘—Ž†Šƒ˜‡ƒƒ—ƒŽ”‡–”‡ƒ–Ǥ

˜‹‹‹Ǥ ‘„‡”–̵• —Ž‡• ‘ˆ ”†‡”ǡ Žƒ–‡•– ‡†‹–‹‘ǡ •ŠƒŽŽ ‰‘˜‡” ’ƒ”Ž‹ƒ‡–ƒ”› ’”‘ ‡†—”‡• ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡‡–‹‰• ǣ !""#$%%&&&'()*+,-.*/.+'0-1%



Ǥ   

ͳǤ  Ȁ   

‹Ǥ ”‹‘”‹–‹‡• ˆ‘” ‡™ ˆƒ —Ž–› ”‡ ”—‹–‡– •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ †‹• —••‡† ƒ– ƒ ‡‡–‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆƒ —Ž–›ƒ†ƒŽ•‘ƒ––Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽ‡‡–‹‰ ‡ƒ Šƒ ƒ†‡‹ ›‡ƒ”‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ —Ž–›‡ƒ” Š‘‹––‡‡Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ ”‘•’‡ –‹˜‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ’‘•‹–‹‘• ƒ”‡ ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡† ‹ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ Œ‘—”ƒŽ• ‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š‹˜‡”•‹–›‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•Ǥ’’Ž‹ ƒ–••ŠƒŽŽ„‡ ”‡“—‡•–‡†–‘•—’’Ž›ƒ —””‹ —Ž—˜‹–ƒƒ†ƒ•–ƒ–‡‡–‘ˆ–‡ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ† ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‹–‡”‡•–•Ǥ  ŽŽ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘• ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†„›–Š‡‡ƒ” Š‘‹––‡‡ƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ†‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ˆ‘” ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆƒ —Ž–›ǡ—Ž‡••–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ ”‡“—‡•–• ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡Ǥ  Š‡ ‡ƒ” Š ‘‹––‡‡ •ŠƒŽŽ ‘•—Ž– ™‹–Š ‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”•‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ‘’‡–‡––‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–•ǡ •ŠƒŽŽ –Š‡ •‡Ž‡ –ǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘ —””‡ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǡ –Š‘•‡ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–• –‘ „‡ ‹˜‹–‡† –‘ ˜‹•‹– –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ǡ ƒ† •ŠƒŽŽ •‘Ž‹ ‹– ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– –Š”‡‡ Ž‡––‡”•‘ˆ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š•— Š ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘” ƒ ‡™ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ’’‘‹–‡– ‹ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ƒ– –Š‡ ”ƒ ‘ˆ ‡‹‘” ‡ –—”‡”ǡ ••‹•–ƒ– ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǡ‘””‘ˆ‡••‘”•ŠƒŽŽ”‡“—‹”‡ †‹• —••‹‘ ƒ– ƒ ‡‡–‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ˆƒ —Ž–› ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ˆ‹ƒŽ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•ǡƒ•‹†‡–‹ˆ‹‡†„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ƒ†–Š‡‡ƒ” Š ‘‹––‡‡ǡƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ”‡“—‹”‡–Š‡ƒˆˆ‹”ƒ–‹˜‡˜‘–‡ǡ„› Ž‘•‡†„ƒŽŽ‘–ǡ ‘ˆƒƒŒ‘”‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ



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115

ʹǤ   

‡‡™ƒŽ ‘ˆ ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• ‹• Šƒ†Ž‡† ƒ• ‘—–Ž‹‡† ‹ –Š‡ ƒ —Ž–› ƒ†„‘‘ǡ ›•–‡ ‘Ž‹ › ͳʹǤͲͳ ƒ† ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ —‡– ͳʹǤͲͳǤͻͻǤʹ ȋ‹˜‡”•‹–› –ƒ–‡‡– ‘  ƒ†‡‹  ”‡‡†‘ǡ ‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›ǡ‡—”‡ǡƒ†”‘‘–‹‘Ȍ



͵Ǥ   

‹Ǥ Š‡ ‰‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ Œ‘‹– ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• ‹ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘ˆ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰‹•–‘’”‘‘–‡”‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ†–‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘• „‡–™‡‡ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ƒ† ‘–Š‡”• ™‹–Š •–”‘‰ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ†Ȁ‘” –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‹–‡”‡•–• ‹ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰Ǥ — Š ‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘• ™‹ŽŽ •–”‡‰–Š‡ „‘–Š ’”‹ƒ”› ƒ† Œ‘‹– ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• „› ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‹‰ ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘• „‡–™‡‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”•™‹–Š•‹‹Žƒ”‹–‡”‡•–•ƒ ”‘••†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ ”‘ ‡•• ‘ˆ ‘‹– ’’‘‹–‡–Ǥ  ‘‹– ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• ƒ”‡ –‘ „‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ› ‹‹–‹ƒ–‡† „› –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ™Š‘ ™‹ŽŽ „”‹‰ ƒ‡• –‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡—”‡ ƒ† ”‘‘–‹‘ ‘‹––‡‡ ˆ‘” ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ  Š‡ Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‘•‹†‡” –Š‡ ”‡“—‡•– „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ‡”‹–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ ƒ† Š‘™ –Š‡› ™‘—Ž† ‹–‡”ƒ – ™‹–Š –Š‡ †‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ  Š‡ Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ǯ• ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‰‹˜‡ –‘ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ‹ ™”‹–‹‰ƒ†ƒ†‡ ‹•‹‘™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ†‡‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ  —ŽŽ ‘‹–’’‘‹–‡–‹•‘‡‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”Šƒ• ƒͷͲΨƒ’’‘‹–‡–‹–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–„—–‹•ƒ†Ž‘ ‡†–‘ƒ‘–Š‡” †‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‘‹–’’‘‹–‡–ǡ ‘‘Ž›‘™ ƒ•ƒ ‘—”–‡•›ƒ’’‘‹–‡–ǡ‹•‘‡‹™Š‹ Š–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”‹• ‘– ƒ’’‘‹–‡† ‹  ǡ „—– ƒ› ™‹•Š –‘ ‹–‡”ƒ – Ž‘•‡Ž› ™‹–Š  •–—†‡–•ƒ†ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ

‹˜Ǥ ‘‹–ƒ’’‘‹–‡–•™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ–Š”‡‡ȋ͵Ȍ›‡ƒ”• ƒ† •—„Œ‡ – –‘ ”‡˜‹‡™ „› –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǡ ‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›ǡƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆ‡ƒ Š–‡”Ǥ



ͶǤ       

‹Ǥ Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ƒ› ”‡ ‘‡† –Š‡ ƒ’’‘‹–‡– ‘ˆ ˜‹•‹–‹‰ ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”•‹Š‡‹ ƒŽ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ƒ––Š‡”ƒ‘ˆ‹•‹–‹‰ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǡ ‹•‹–‹‰ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǡ ‘” ‹•‹–‹‰ ••‹•–ƒ– ”‘ˆ‡••‘”Ǥ Š‡ ’—”’‘•‡ ‘ˆ •— Š ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ –‘ „”‹‰

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116

‹–‘–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆ‘”„”‹‡ˆ’‡”‹‘†• Š‡‹ ƒŽ‡‰‹‡‡”•™Š‘•‡ ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–›ǡ •–—†‡–•ǡ ƒ† ’”‘‰”ƒ• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ƒ „‡ ‡š’‡ –‡† –‘ „‡‡ˆ‹– •—„•–ƒ–‹ƒŽŽ› –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ ‹•‹–‹‰ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• ‹ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ˆ‘”ƒ’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ‘‘”‡–Šƒ‘‡›‡ƒ”ǡƒ† ƒ„‡”‡‡™‡†ˆ‘”‘ ‘”‡–Šƒ‘‡ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ›‡ƒ”Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ ‹•‹–‹‰ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• ‹ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ •Š‘—Ž† ‘–Ž‡ƒ†–‘–‡—”‡ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

‹˜Ǥ Š‡ –‡”• ‘ˆ ˜‹•‹–‹‰ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• ‹ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ †‡–‡”‹‡† „› –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘ —””‡ ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ



ͷǤ   

Š‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‡“—‡•–• ˆ‘” ƒ† ƒ••‹‰‡–• ‘ˆ ‡”‹–—• ”‘ˆ‡••‘” •–ƒ–—•™‹ŽŽ„‡’‡”ˆ‘”‡†ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›—Ž‡ƒ†–ƒ†ƒ”† ’‡”ƒ–‹‰”‘ ‡†—”‡͵ͳǤͲͺǤͲͳǤͳǤ



͸Ǥ  ȋ   Ȍ

’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” ˆƒ —Ž–› †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– Ž‡ƒ˜‡• •ŠƒŽŽ ‘”†‹ƒ”‹Ž› „‡ •—„‹––‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ƒ† –‘ –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ ‘ˆ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ƒ —Ž–› ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‡ƒ˜‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ‘– Žƒ–‡” –Šƒ ‹‡ ‘–Š• „‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ ’”‘’‘•‡† Ž‡ƒ˜‡Ǥ  Š‡ ‡ƒ ‘ˆ ƒ —Ž–‹‡• ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ •Š‘—Ž†„‡ ‘–ƒ –‡†‹”‡‰ƒ”†•–‘ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ƒ†‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•Ǥ



͹Ǥ 

‹Ǥ ‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘Ȁ ‘’‡ǤŽ‡ –—”‡”‹•ƒ‘Ǧ–‡—”‡–”ƒ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡” ™Š‘•‡ ’”‹ƒ”› ˆ— –‹‘ ‹• –‡ƒ Š‹‰Ǥ ’’‘‹–‡– ƒ• ƒ Ž‡ –—”‡”‹•‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ›”‡•–”‹ –‡†–‘’‡”•‘•™Š‘’‘••‡••ƒŠǤǤ‹ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ‘” ‹–• ‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡– ‡•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ› ‹ –‡”• ‘ˆ ‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ǤŠ‡–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒŽƒ’’‘‹–‡–‹•‘‡ ›‡ƒ”Ǣ •—„•‡“—‡– ‘‡Ǧ›‡ƒ” ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• ƒ› „‡ ‘ˆˆ‡”‡†Ǥ ‡ –—”‡”• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ”‡ ”—‹–‡†ǡ –‘ –Š‡ ‡š–‡– ’‘••‹„Ž‡ǡ „› ƒ ‘’‡ ƒ‘— ‡‡–‘ˆ’‘•‹–‹‘ǤŠ‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–Š‡ƒ†™‹ŽŽ”‡˜‹‡™ƒ† ƒ’’‘‹–Ž‡ –—”‡”•Ǥ

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117

‹‹Ǥ ‘–”ƒ –‡”•

ƒǤ ‘–”ƒ ––‡”•ƒ†”‡‡™ƒŽ‘ˆƒ’’‘‹–‡–•‹•Šƒ†Ž‡† ƒ•‘—–Ž‹‡†‹–Š‡ ƒ —Ž–› ƒ†„‘‘ǡ›•–‡‘Ž‹ ›ͳʹǤͲͳ ƒ† ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ —‡– ͳʹǤͲͳǤͻͻǤʹ ȋ‡ –‹‘ ʹǤ͵ǤʹȌ ȋ‹˜‡”•‹–› –ƒ–‡‡– ‘  ƒ†‡‹  ”‡‡†‘ǡ ‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›ǡ‡—”‡ǡƒ†”‘‘–‹‘Ȍ

‹‹‹Ǥ –ƒ–—•ǡš’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ†”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–

ƒǤ ‡ –—”‡”•™‹ŽŽ„‡‹ Ž—†‡†‹ƒŽŽ‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽƒ ƒ†‡‹  ƒˆˆƒ‹”•‹ Ž—†‹‰ˆƒ —Ž–›‡‡–‹‰•ǡ ‘‹––‡‡•‡”˜‹ ‡ǡƒ† —””‹ —Ž—†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ

„Ǥ ‡ –—”‡”•™‹ŽŽ„‡’”‘˜‹†‡†‘ˆˆ‹ ‡•’ƒ ‡ƒ†–Š‡ ‘’—–‡” ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–‹‡• ‡ ‡••ƒ”› –‘ ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ –Š‡‹” –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•Ǥ

Ǥ ‡ –—”‡”• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡† –‘ ‹‹–‹ƒ–‡ ƒ†Ȁ‘” ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ ‹ • Š‘Žƒ”Ž› ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ƒ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š ƒŽŽ ƒ•’‡ –•‘ˆ Š‡‹ ƒŽ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰‡†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

†Ǥ ‡ –—”‡”• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡† –‘ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡ ‹ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•‘ˆ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡†”‡•‡ƒ” Š‰”‘—’•‹–Š‡ †‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ — Š ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ —•– „‡ ‘’ƒ–‹„Ž‡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡ –—”‡”ǯ• ’”‹ƒ”› –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ˆ— –‹‘Ǥ

‡Ǥ ‡ –—”‡”• ƒ› ƒ’’Ž› ˆ‘” ‡„‡”•Š‹’ ‘ –Š‡ ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ˆƒ —Ž–›‹ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡™‹–Š‹˜‡”•‹–›ˆˆ‹ ‡‘ˆ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ –—†‹‡•‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•ǤŠ‡ƒ‡ –—”‡”•‡”˜‡•‘ƒŠ‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ •–—†‡–ǯ• ƒ†˜‹•‘”› ‘‹––‡‡ǡ –Š‡ •‹œ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ •Š‘—Ž† ‡š ‡‡† –Š‡ ‹‹— ”‡“—‹”‡†Ǥ

‹˜Ǥ —ƒŽ‡˜‹‡™

ƒǤ Š‡’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡‘ˆƒŽŽ‡ –—”‡”•™‹ŽŽ„‡”‡˜‹‡™‡†„›–Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ƒ—ƒŽŽ›Ǥ

„Ǥ ‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ™‹ŽŽ„‡„ƒ•‡†’”‹ƒ”‹Ž›‘–‡ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ† ”‡Žƒ–‡† ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ ™‹–Š ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘ ‰‹˜‡ –‘”‡•‡ƒ” Š’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ǡ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ†•‡”˜‹ ‡Ǥ

ͺǤ   

‡ˆ‹‹–‹‘ ƒ† ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡Ǥ Š‡ ’—”’‘•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡• ‹• –‘ †‡ˆ‹‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡• ƒ† ’”‘ ‡••‡• –Šƒ– ‰‘˜‡” ‡šƒ• Ƭ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ’”‘ˆ‡••‘” ’‘•‹–‹‘•Ǥ ‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡• ‹ –Š‡•‡ ‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•ǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ‹ –Š‡ ––ƒ Š‡–ǡ Dz—‡•–‹‘• ƒ† •™‡”• ‡‰ƒ”†‹‰

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118

‡•‡ƒ” Š”‘ˆ‡••‘”‘•‹–‹‘•ǡdz–‘–Š‡–‡”Dz‡šƒ•Ƭ‡•‡ƒ” Š ”‘ˆ‡••‘”dz ƒ’’Ž› ƒŽ•‘ –‘ –Š‡ –‹–Ž‡• ‘ˆ ‡•‡ƒ” Š ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǡ ‡•‡ƒ” Š••‘ ‹ƒ–‡”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǡƒ†‡•‡ƒ” Š••‹•–ƒ–”‘ˆ‡••‘”Ǥ

‹Ǥ ‘‰ –Š‡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ’‘•‹–‹‘• ‹ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ– ‡šƒ• Ƭ‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ‹–‹•’”‘’‡”–‘ƒ‡’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ”’”‘˜‹•‹‘ ˆ‘” –Š‘•‡ –Šƒ– ‘•– Ž‡ƒ”Ž› ”‡•‡„Ž‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ” ˆƒ —Ž–› ’‘•‹–‹‘• ‹ ”‡‰ƒ”† –‘ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› ˆ‘” †‡•‹‰‹‰ǡ ƒ””›‹‰ ‘—–ǡ ƒ† ƒƒ‰‹‰ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ȋ‹ Ž—†‹‰ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ƒ• ’”‹ ‹’ƒŽ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‘” ™Š‡ ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ȍǡ ’”‡’ƒ”‹‰ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ǡ•—’‡”˜‹•‹‰”‡•‡ƒ” Š•–—†‡–•ǡƒ† ƒ –‹˜‡Ž›’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‰‹–Š‡ ‘–‹—‹‰‡ˆˆ‘”––‘‹’”‘˜‡ †‡’ƒ”–‡–•ǡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡•ǡ ‡–‡”•ǡ ‹•–‹–—–‡•ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ Š‡ƒ‹†‹•–‹ –‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•‡’‘•‹–‹‘•ƒ†–Šƒ–‘ˆ ”‡‰—Žƒ” ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”• ‹• –Šƒ– –Š‡•‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘• †‘ ‘– ƒ””› ‡Ž‹‰‹„‹Ž‹–› ˆ‘” –‡—”‡Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡŠ‘Ž†‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘• ƒ”‡ ‘– ‰‡‡”ƒŽŽ› ‘„Ž‹‰ƒ–‡† –‘ –‡ƒ Š ”‡‰—Žƒ” ‘—”•‡•Ǥ   ‘”‡ ‹–‡•‹˜‡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‡š’‡ –‡† ‘ˆ –Š‡ǡŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ‹–Š‡ƒƒ‰‡‡–‘ˆ”‡•‡ƒ” Š’”‘Œ‡ –•Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ –Š‡” ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ ‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•ǡ Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† ’”‘‘–‹‘ ‘ˆ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”• ‹• ‘—–Ž‹‡†‹–Š‡ ƒ —Ž–› ƒ†„‘‘ƒ†•—’’Ž‡‡–‡†„› –Š‡ †‘ —‡– ‘ Dz‡•‡ƒ” Š ”‘ˆ‡••‘” ‘•‹–‹‘ —‹†‡Ž‹‡•dz ™Š‹ Š ƒ „‡ ˆ‘—† ƒ– Š––’ǣȀȀ†‘ˆǤ–ƒ—Ǥ‡†—Ȁƒ†‹Ȁ”‡•‡ƒ” Š’”‘ˆǤ’Š’



Ǥ        

 •— ‡••ˆ—Ž ƒ ƒ†‡‹  ƒ”‡‡” ‹• „—‹Ž– ‘ –Š”‡‡ ’‹ŽŽƒ”•ǣ  ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ǡ ƒ† •‡”˜‹ ‡Ǥ  Š‡•‡ ƒ”‡ –Š‡ –Š”‡‡ ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• –Šƒ–ǡ ™Š‡ –ƒ‡ ‹ ™Š‘Ž‡ǡ †‡ˆ‹‡ ƒ ƒ†‡‹ ‹ƒ•ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ”‡‹–‡” ‘‡ –‡†•— Š–Šƒ–‹–‹•†‹ˆˆ‹ —Ž––‘†‘‘‡™‡ŽŽƒ† ‘––Š‡‘–Š‡”•Ǥ –‡‰”ƒ–‹‰–Š‡–Š”‡‡’‹ŽŽƒ”•‘ˆƒƒ ƒ†‡‹  ƒ”‡‡”‹•ƒ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ ‹••—‡ǡ ˆ‘” ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ– ƒŽŽ Ž‡˜‡Ž•Ǥ  ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‹• ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ —Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž› ‹’”‘˜‡• –Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†„”‡ƒ†–Š‘ˆ•–—†‡–‡†— ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘„‡Ž‘™‹••–”— –—”‡†‹–‘ –™‘ †‹•–‹ – •‡ –‹‘•ǣ  ‘‡ –‘ „‡ —•‡† ˆ‘” ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰ –‡—”‡Ǧ–”ƒ  ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ —–‡—”‡†Ȍ ˆƒ —Ž–›ǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ˆ‘” –‡—”‡† ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ  Š‡ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ •—„‹––‡† †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ—ƒŽ”‡˜‹‡™’”‘ ‡••™‹ŽŽ„‡—•‡†‹‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰ˆƒ —Ž–›’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ƒ•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘ –Š‡‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•„‡Ž‘™ǤŠ‡‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ–‡†„‡Ž‘™™‡”‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†‹–Š‡ •’‹”‹–‘ˆ–Š‡‹•‹‘ʹͲʹͲ’Žƒ™Š‹ Š•‡‡•ˆ‘”‡šƒ•Ƭ–‘„‡ ‘‡ƒ–‘’ͳͲ’—„Ž‹  ‹•–‹–—–‹‘„›–Š‡›‡ƒ”ʹͲʹͲǤ

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Ǥ   Ȃ 

‹Ǥ Žƒ••”‘‘–‡ƒ Š‹‰‹•–Š‡‘‡ ‘•–ƒ–‘ˆƒ ƒ†‡‹  ƒ”‡‡”•Ǥ• •— Šˆƒ —Ž–›ǡ„ƒ””‹‰——•—ƒŽ ‹” —•–ƒ ‡•ȋ‘‡‡šƒ’Ž‡„‡‹‰ ƒ‘‡Ǧ•‡‡•–‡””‡Ž‡ƒ•‡’‡”‹‘†–›’‹ ƒŽŽ›‰‹˜‡–‘Œ—‹‘”ˆƒ —Ž–›Ȍǡ ƒ”‡‡š’‡ –‡†–‘–‡ƒ Š‡ƒ ŠˆƒŽŽƒ†•’”‹‰•‡‡•–‡”Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ – ‹• ‡š’‡ –‡† –Šƒ– –‡—”‡Ǧ–”ƒ ˆƒ —Ž–›™‹ŽŽ†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ˆ‹”•– ”ƒ–‡ ‹•–”— –‹‘ –‘ „‘–Š ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ƒ† —†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ •–—†‡–•Ǥ  ‡‡†„ƒ  ˆ”‘ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘•ǡ •–—†‡– ‡š‹– ‹–‡”˜‹‡™•ǡ ƒ† ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ˆƒ —Ž–› •‹––‹‰ ‹ ‘ Ž‡ –—”‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡—•‡†–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‹• ”‹–‡”‹‘Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ – ‹• ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡†ǡ ‰‹˜‡ –Š‡ •–”‘‰ —†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ ƒ† –Š‡ ‹••‹‘ ‘ˆ  –‘ •‡”˜‡ –Š‡ •–ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ ‡šƒ•ǡ –Šƒ– –›’‹ ƒŽŽ› ‡ƒ Š ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡” ™‘—Ž† –‡ƒ Š ‘‡ —†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘”‡ —””‹ —Ž— ‘—”•‡‡ƒ Šƒ ƒ†‡‹ ›‡ƒ”ǡ•—„Œ‡ ––‘ ‘•–”ƒ‹–•‘ˆ –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ• ‘’ƒ”‡† –‘ –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ —†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ •‡ –‹‘• –ƒ—‰Š–ǤŠ‹•™‹ŽŽ•–”‡‰–Š‡•–—†‡–Ǧ ˆƒ —Ž–›‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘•Ǥ

‹˜Ǥ Žƒ••”‘‘ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ †‡‡‡† •ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”› ‘” —•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›„ƒ•‡†‘‡–”‹ • —””‡–Ž›—•‡†„›–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–› ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ–‡ƒ Š‹‰‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘•Ȍ‘”†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†„›–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ ƒ‹–‡”ƒŽ–‡ƒ Š‹‰‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”Ȍ

˜Ǥ ƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”•ƒ”‡Š‹‰ŠŽ›‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡†–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡™ ‘—”•‡• ƒ† ‘–‹—ƒŽŽ›‡š’ƒ†‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ȁ’”ƒ –‹ ‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡—•‡†‹ –Š‡ Žƒ••”‘‘ ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ ‡™ –‡ Š‘Ž‘‰›ǡ ‡™ ’‡†ƒ‰‘‰‹ ƒŽ ‡–Š‘†•ǡ ‡– ǤȌ



Ǥ     Ǧ Ǥ

– ‹• ‡š’‡ –‡† –Šƒ– –‡—”‡Ǧ–”ƒ  ˆƒ —Ž–› ™‘—Ž† –‡ƒ Š ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ‘‡ ‘”‡ —†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ Žƒ•• †—”‹‰ –Š‡‹” ’”‘„ƒ–‹‘ƒ”› ’‡”‹‘†Ǥ  —”–Š‡” ‹– ‹• Š‘’‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›™‘—Ž†–‡ƒ Š‹‰‘‡‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘—”•‡ǡƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’ ‘‡ ‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ Žƒ••Ǥ  Š‹• ™‘—Ž† ƒŽŽ‘™ –Š‡ –‘ ˆ‘ —• –Š‡‹” –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‡‡”‰‹‡• ‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ •‘—† –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‡–Š‘†‘Ž‘‰‹‡• ‹ ‘”†‡” –‘ ƒš‹‹œ‡ –Š‡‹” ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ –”ƒ•Žƒ–‡ ‡™ ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ –‘ •–—†‡–•ƒ† ƒ••‡••™Š‡–Š‡”–Š‡›ƒ”‡•— ‡••ˆ—Žƒ––Š‹•ƒ‹Ǥ

ͳǤ     

‹Ǥ Š‡••‘ ‹ƒ–‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ˆ‘”†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡–—†‹‡••ŠƒŽŽ •‘Ž‹ ‹– ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ••‹‰‡–• ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ƒ —Ž–›Ǥ‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ••‹‰‡–••ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ†‡„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–

 ͳͷ

120

‡ƒ† ‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡ƒ†• ƒ† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”• ‘ ‡”‡†Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ ‡ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ••‹‰‡–• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ†‡ ‹ ƒ ƒ‡” –Šƒ– ‹• ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š ˆƒ —Ž–› ”ƒ ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ Ž‡ –—”‡” ˜‡”•—• –‡—”‡Ǧ–”ƒ Ȍ ƒ† ™‹–Š –‡—”‡Ǧ –”ƒ  ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”•ǯ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ‹ ‘–Š‡” ƒ”‡ƒ•ȋ‹Ǥ‡Ǥ”‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ†•‡”˜‹ ‡ȌǤ

‹‹‹Ǥ ‘ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ –Š‡ –”ƒ•ˆ‡” ‘ˆ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ƒ‘‰ ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”•ƒ–™‘›‡ƒ”–‡ƒ Š‹‰’Žƒ•Š‘—Ž†„‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ƒ†‹’Ž‡‡–‡†Ǥ



ʹǤ  

‹Ǥ ”‘•’‡ –‹˜‡•—‡”–‡ƒ Š‹‰’‘•‹–‹‘••ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡†–‘–Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆƒ —Ž–›„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”• •ŠƒŽŽ ƒ’’Ž› ˆ‘” •—‡” –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ’’‘‹–‡–•‹™”‹–‹‰–‘–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǡ‹ƒ ‘”†ƒ ‡ ™‹–Šƒ–‹‡• Š‡†—Ž‡ƒ‘— ‡†„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ —‡” –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ†‡ „› –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ  ”‹‘”‹–› ‹ •—‡” –‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ˆ‹”•– –‘ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ† –Š‡ –‘ ‘—–•‹†‡ ‹•–”— –‘”•Ǥ

‹˜Ǥ Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ƒ› ’”‘˜‹†‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ •—’’‘”– ‘ˆ ‘–Š‡”ƒŒ‘”‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ•—‡”ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•‘ˆ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ — Š ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ƒ› ‹ Ž—†‡ ƒŒ‘” ‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡†—–‹‡•‘” ‘‹––‡‡ƒ••‹‰‡–•Ǥ



Ǥ      

Š‡‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘”–‡—”‡†ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”•ƒ”‡•‹‹Žƒ”–‘–Š‘•‡ ˆ‘” –‡—”‡Ǧ–”ƒ  ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”•ǡ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽ ‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

‹Ǥ –‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–Šƒ––‡—”‡†ˆƒ —Ž–›™‘—Ž†Š‡Ž’’”‘˜‹†‡‰—‹†ƒ ‡ǡ ‡–‘”‹‰ǡƒ†”‡•‘—” ‡•–‘Œ—‹‘”ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ ‡—”‡† ˆƒ —Ž–› ™‘—Ž† ƒŽ•‘ „‡ ‡š’‡ –‡† –‘ –ƒ‡ Ž‡ƒ† ‹ ƒ› †‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ™‹†‡ —””‹ —Ž—‡ˆˆ‘”–•Ǥ



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121

Ǥ  Ǥ

Š‡ „”‡ƒ†–Šǡ “—ƒŽ‹–›ǡ ƒ† ˜‘Ž—‡‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š ‘†— –‡†„› ‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆƒ —Ž–›’Žƒ›•ƒ†‡ ‹•‹˜‡”‘Ž‡‹•Šƒ’‹‰–Š‡’‡” ‡’–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡–‹–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡”Š‡‹ ƒŽ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ƒ ƒ†‡‹  ‘—‹–›Ǥ



ͳǤ    Ǧ  Ǥ

 ‰‡‡”ƒŽ–‡”•‹–‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–Šƒ–ƒ–‡—”‡–”ƒ Ǧˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”ǡ‘˜‡” –Š‡ ’”‘„ƒ–‹‘ƒ”› ’‡”‹‘†ǡ ™‘—Ž† †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ǡ •—’’‘”–ǡ ƒ† ƒ‹–ƒ‹ ƒ ˆ‹”•–Ǧ”ƒ–‡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ’”‘‰”ƒǤ   ‘”‡ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹  –‡”• ‹– ‹• ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡† –Šƒ– †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ’”‘„ƒ–‹‘ƒ”› ’‡”‹‘† ƒ –‡—”‡Ǧ –”ƒ ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”™‘—Ž††‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘‡‡–ƒ†•—”’ƒ•• –Š‡ ‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘• ‘—–Ž‹‡† ‹ •‡ –‹‘  „‡Ž‘™ ˆ‘” –‡—”‡† ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ  Š‡ –‡—”‡Ǧ–”ƒ  ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”• ƒƒŽ•‘‡š’‡ –ˆ‡‡†„ƒ ‹”‡‰ƒ”†• –‘ –Š‡‹” ’”‘‰”‡•• –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ƒ– ƒ—ƒŽ ”‡˜‹‡™•ǡ ƒ† •—ƒ”‹‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ǯ• ƒ—ƒŽ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ͵Ǧ›‡ƒ” ”‡˜‹‡™Ǥ  Š‡ ˆ‡‡†„ƒ  ˆ”‘ –Š‡ Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ‘—‹ ƒ–‡† –Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ



ʹǤ      ȋ Ȁ  Ȍ

‰‡‡”ƒŽ‹–‹•‡š’‡ –‡†–Šƒ–ƒ–‡—”‡†ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”•—’’‘”–• ƒ†ƒ‹–ƒ‹•ƒˆ‹”•–Ǧ”ƒ–‡”‡•‡ƒ” Š’”‘‰”ƒǡ‘‡–Šƒ–‰‡‡”ƒ–‡• ”‡ ‘‰‹–‹‘ƒ†˜‹•‹„‹Ž‹–›ˆ‘”‡šƒ•Ƭ‹–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŠ‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ‘—‹–›Ǥ  Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ ‡šƒ – ˆ—†‹‰ ƒ† ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ —„‡”• ™‹ŽŽ ˜ƒ”› „ƒ•‡† ‘ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ”‡ƒǡ –‡—”‡† ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”• ƒ”‡ƒ•‘ƒ„Ž›‡š’‡ ––Šƒ––Š‡›™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡–‘

‹Ǥ —’’‘”– ƒ ‹‹— ‘ˆ –Š”‡‡ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–•‘—–‘ˆ‹†—•–”‹ƒŽǡˆ‡†‡”ƒŽǡ‘”‘–Š‡”‘Ǧ ’”‘ˆ‹–ˆ—†‹‰•‘—” ‡•–‘‘„–ƒ‹–Š‡ ͸ͻͳ”‡•‡ƒ” Š Š‘—”• –Šƒ– ™‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ’’Ž‹‡† –‘ –Š‡‹” †‡–‡”‹‡ –Š‡‹” Dz”‡•‡ƒ” Š ƒ –‹˜‡dz •–ƒ–—•Ǥ  ’‘•‘”‡† •–—†‡–•ǡ ™Š‡”‡‹ –Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”’Žƒ›‡†ƒƒŒ‘””‘Ž‡‹‘„–ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡ ˆ—†‹‰ ™‹ŽŽ ƒŽ•‘ ‘—– –‘™ƒ”†• –Š‹• –‘–ƒŽǤ  –—†‡–• •—’’‘”–‡† ‘ ‹–‡”ƒŽ ˆ—†• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’•ǡ  ˆ—†•Ȍ™‘—Ž†‘– ‘—–‹–Š‹•–‘–ƒŽǤŠ‹•—„‡”™‘—Ž† „‡ †‡–‡”‹‡† ‘˜‡” ƒ ˆ‹˜‡ ›‡ƒ” ”—‹‰ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ –‘ ƒ ‘—–ˆ‘”ˆ—†‹‰ˆŽ— –—ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

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‹‹Ǥ –‹•ƒ–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡†–Šƒ–‘ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ƒˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”™‘—Ž† ’—„Ž‹•Šƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–ˆ‘—”’ƒ’‡”•ƒ›‡ƒ”‹ˆ‹”•–Ǧ–‹‡”Œ‘—”ƒŽ•‹ –Š‡‹””‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ”‡ƒ•ǤŠ‹•—„‡”™‘—Ž†„‡†‡–‡”‹‡† —•‹‰ ƒ ˆ‹˜‡ ›‡ƒ” ”—‹‰ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ –‘ ƒ ‘—– ˆ‘” ˆŽ— –—ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ǡ ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š •›•–‡ ’‘Ž‹ ›ǡ ƒŽ•‘ ”‡ ‘‰‹œ‡• –Š‡ ‘–”‹„—–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‹–‡ŽŽ‡ –—ƒŽ ’”‘’‡”–› †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒ† ‘‡” ‹ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡™–‡ Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ǥ

‹˜Ǥ ‡ ƒ –‹˜‡Ž› ‹˜‘Ž˜‡† ‹ –Š‡‹” ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ‘—‹–‹‡• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ  Šǡ ǡ Ȍ „› ƒ––‡†‹‰ ƒ ‹‹— ‘ˆ ʹ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽȀ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡• ’‡” ›‡ƒ”ǡ ’”‡•‡–‹‰ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š ”‡•—Ž–• ƒ– –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰•ǡ ”‡˜‹‡™‹‰ ’ƒ’‡”• ˆ‘” ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡• ƒ† Œ‘—”ƒŽ•ǡ ƒ† Šƒ‹”‹‰ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡ •‡••‹‘•Ȁ•‡”˜‹‰ ƒ• ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡”• ‹ –Š‡‹” ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ

Ǥ  

‹Ǥ Žƒ”‰‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–Šƒ•ƒŽƒ”‰‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆ„—•‹‡••–Šƒ–‡‡†•–‘ „‡ Šƒ†Ž‡† ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž› ‹ ƒ –‹‡Ž› ƒ‡”Ǥ  ŽŽ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”• ƒ‹‰ ƒ ‡ƒ‹‰ˆ—Ž ‘–”‹„—–‹‘ ‹ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ‹• –Š‡ ‘•–‡ˆˆ‹ ‹‡–™ƒ›–‘ƒ Š‹‡˜‡–Š‹•Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ ŽŽ –‡—”‡† ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ”‡ ‡š’‡ –‡† –‘ •‡”˜‡ ‘ ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– –™‘ †‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡• ’‡” ›‡ƒ”Ǥ  ••‹•–ƒ– ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”• ƒ”‡ ‡š’‡ –‡†–‘•‡”˜‡‘‘‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡’‡”›‡ƒ”—–‹Ž –Š‡›ƒ”‡–‡—”‡†Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ ŽŽ–‡—”‡†ˆƒ —Ž–›ƒ”‡‡š’‡ –‡†–‘•‡”˜‡ƒ• Šƒ‹”‘ˆƒ ‘‹––‡‡ ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‡˜‡”›‘–Š‡”›‡ƒ”Ǥ––Š‡†‹• ”‡–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡ƒ†–Š‹• ƒ „‡™ƒ‹˜‡†ˆ‘”ˆƒ —Ž–›™Š‘Šƒ˜‡”‡ ‡–Ž›Šƒ†Š‡ƒ˜›•‡”˜‹ ‡Ž‘ƒ†•Ǥ

Ǥ     

†‡”Ž›‹‰ ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ ˆ— –‹‘• —•– „‡ ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ –Šƒ–‹• ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š ƒ Š‹‰Š Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ‹•Ǥ  Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‹ƒŽ‹–› ƒ† –ƒ –ˆ—Ž ƒ† •‘—† Œ—†‰‡– ‹ ‹–‡”ƒ –‹‘• ™‹–Š ‘ŽŽ‡ƒ‰—‡•ǡ•–ƒˆˆǡ ƒ† •–—†‡–• ƒ”‡ ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• ˆ‘” •— ‡•• ƒ† •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ƒ ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡Ž‡‡–‹’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

Ǥ 

Š‡‡–”‹ •‘—–Ž‹‡†ƒ„‘˜‡ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†–‘Š‡Ž’’”‘˜‹†‡•‘‡‰—‹†ƒ ‡ ƒ† Žƒ”‹–›–‘ˆƒ —Ž–›ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ”‡!"#"!$!‡š’‡ –ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‹–‹•Š‘’‡† –Šƒ–ƒŽŽˆƒ —Ž–›™‘—Ž†•‡‡–‘•—”’ƒ••–Š‡‘ƒ”‡‰—Žƒ”„ƒ•‹•Ǥ

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‘ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡•‡˜‡”ƒŽ•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡•™Š‹ Š ƒ‡”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•–‘–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›ƒ†–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ



Ǥ    

‹Ǥ †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡”‘‰”ƒ

‹‹Ǥ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡”‘‰”ƒ

‹‹‹Ǥ ƒ —Ž–›‡ƒ” Š

‹˜Ǥ ‡—”‡ƒ†”‘‘–‹‘

Š‡ • ‘’‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡—”‡ ƒ† ”‘‘–‹‘ǡ †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ǡ ƒ† ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘‹––‡‡• ‹• †‡ˆ‹‡† ‹ ‡ –‹‘•  Ǥͳʹǡ  Ǥͳ͵ǡ ƒ†  ǤͳͶ ”‡•’‡ –‹˜‡Ž› ȋ•‡‡ „‡Ž‘™ȌǤ

Ǥ    

‹Ǥ —‹†‡Ž‹‡•ƒ†–ƒ†ƒ”†’‡”ƒ–‹‰”‘ ‡†—”‡•

‹‹Ǥ ‘’—–‡”•

‹‹‹Ǥ Šƒ‹”‡†”‘ˆ‡••‘”•

‹˜Ǥ ‘‘”•ƒ†™ƒ”†•

˜Ǥ ‘•–‡—”‡‡˜‹‡™

˜‹Ǥ ƒˆ‡–›

˜‹‹Ǥ –—†‡–’Žƒ ‡‡–

˜‹‹‹Ǥ ‡‡”ƒŽ‡”˜‹ ‡‘‹––‡‡ȋ’ƒ ‡ǡ‹„”ƒ”›ǡ Ȍ

‹šǤ ƒ–ƒ”

šǤ †Š‘ 

– –Š‡ †‹• ”‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǡ ƒ† Š‘  ‘‹––‡‡• ƒ›„‡ˆ‘”‡†–‘ƒ††”‡••‹••—‡•‘ˆ†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ‹’‘”–ƒ ‡Ǥ





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Ǥ  

‹Ǥ ‡”˜‹ ‡‘†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡•‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡†–‘„‡’ƒ”–‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”ǯ• †—–‹‡•Ǥ ŽŽ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”• ƒ”‡ ™‡Ž ‘‡ǡ ‹†‡‡† ƒ”‡ ‡ ‘—”ƒ‰‡†ǡ –‘ ”ƒ‹•‡ ‹••—‡• –‘ „‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†„›ƒ› ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ‡‡–‹‰•‘ˆ ‘‹––‡‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡ Š‡Ž† ‘Ž› ™Š‡ ƒ ƒŒ‘”‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜‘–‹‰ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ƒ”‡ ’”‡•‡–Ǥ Ž‡•• ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹‡†ǡ ƒŽŽ ‘‹––‡‡‡„‡”••‡”˜‡‹ƒ˜‘–‹‰ ƒ’ƒ ‹–›Ǥ› ‘‹––‡‡ ƒ› ‡Ž‡ – –‘ Š‘Ž† ƒ Ž‘•‡† ‡‡–‹‰ „› ƒ ƒŒ‘”‹–› ˜‘–‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡„‡”•’”‡•‡–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡƒŽŽ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†‡ƒ†ƒŽŽ ˜‘–‡•–ƒ‡„›ƒ› ‘‹––‡‡™‹ŽŽ„‡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‡†–Š”‘—‰Š ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ Šƒ‡Ž•–‘–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›ƒ•ƒ™Š‘Ž‡Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ Š‡ ƒ‰‡†ƒ ˆ‘” ‡ƒ Š ‡‡–‹‰ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ †‡–‡”‹‡† „› –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ‹”‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š ‘‹––‡‡‡„‡”•

‹‹‹Ǥ š ‡’–ƒ•‘–Š‡”™‹•‡‘–‡†ǡƒŽŽ ‘‹––‡‡•™‹ŽŽ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š–Š‡‹” ‘™ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ǡ ’”‘˜‹†‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‘†‹–‹‘• ƒ”‡ ‡–ǣ

ƒǤ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‘ ‡”‡† ™‹–Š ƒ ‰‹˜‡ ƒ––‡” •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ƒˆˆ‘”†‡† ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ’”‡•‡– –Š‡‹”˜‹‡™•Ǥ

„Ǥ › ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ† •–ƒˆˆ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ƒ› ƒ‡ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• –‘ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ‹ ™”‹–‹‰Ǥ — Š ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ•™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ –‡†—’‘™‹–Š‹͵Ͳ†ƒ›•Ǥ

Ǥ ƒ Š ‘‹––‡‡™‹ŽŽ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ˆ‘””‡ ‡‹˜‹‰ ƒ† ‘•‹†‡”‹‰ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• ˆ”‘ —†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ƒ† ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–•ƒ•ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ǥ

†Ǥ ƒ Š ‘‹––‡‡™‹ŽŽƒ‹–ƒ‹ƒ”‡ ‘”†‘ˆ‹–••‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ– ’‘Ž‹ › ƒ –‹‘• ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ ’—„Ž‹ Ž› ƒ ‡••‹„Ž‡ ‹—–‡•ǤŠ‡ƒ ‘‹––‡‡ƒ‡•”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘• ˆ‘” ƒ –‹‘• ‘ •—„•–ƒ–‹˜‡ ‹••—‡• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ —””‹ —Ž— ”‡˜‹•‹‘Ȍ–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡—•–”‡’‘”––‘–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ

‡Ǥ ‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡• –Šƒ– ‹ Ž—†‡ •–—†‡– ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ǡ †—”‹‰ †‹• —••‹‘ ‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰ –Š‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ ’ƒ”–‹ —Žƒ” •–—†‡–• ‘” ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”•ǡ –Š‡•–—†‡–”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡•™‹ŽŽ„‡‡š —•‡†Ǥ







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Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›•‡ƒ” Š ‘‹––‡‡‹• Šƒ”‰‡†™‹–Š–Š‡’”‘ ‡••‘ˆ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‰ǡ • ”‡‡‹‰ǡ ƒ† ‹†‡–‹ˆ›‹‰ •—‹–ƒ„Ž‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•Ǥ  Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ •Š‘—Ž† ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ •‡˜‡ ‡„‡”•Ǥ  Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ‹” ƒ† –™‘ ‡„‡”•ƒ”‡ Š‘•‡„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ‹‹‰„›ˆƒ —Ž–› ˜‘–‡Ǥ Š‡ •‡ƒ” Š‹‰ ˆ‘” ‹–‡”†‹• ‹’Ž‹ƒ”› ˆƒ —Ž–› ‘” ˆƒ —Ž–› –‘ ˆ‹ŽŽ ‡†‘™‡† ’‘•‹–‹‘•ǡ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǡƒ–Š‹•ȀŠ‡”†‹• ”‡–‹‘ǡƒ› ”‡’Žƒ ‡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –™‘ ƒ’’‘‹–‡† ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ™‹–Š ƒ •‡‹‘” ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡” ˆ”‘ ƒ‘–Š‡” †‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› •‡ƒ” Š ‘‹––‡‡‹• Šƒ”‰‡†™‹–Š

‹Ǥ ƒ†Ž‹‰ƒ›ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‡ ‡••ƒ”›‹”‡‰ƒ”†•–‘–Š‡‘’‡‹‰ȋ•Ȍ

‹‹Ǥ  ”‡‡‹‰ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–•

‹‹‹Ǥ †‡–‹ˆ›‹‰Ȁ•‡‡‹‰‘—–’‘••‹„Ž‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•

‹˜Ǥ ƒ‹‰†‡ ‹•‹‘•‘™Š‹ Šƒ†Š‘™ƒ› ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•–‘‹˜‹–‡ ˆ‘” ƒ’—• ‹–‡”˜‹‡™• ‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ

˜Ǥ ƒ‹‰ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘• –‘ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ™Š‡–Š‡” ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡•ƒ”‡ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡‘”—ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ

˜‹Ǥ ‡Ž’‹‰ –Š‡ ‡ƒ† ‹†‡–‹ˆ› ”‡•‘—” ‡• ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ ‘‘ ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–‹‡•Ȍ ‘ ƒ’—•†—”‹‰–Š‡‡‰‘–‹ƒ–‹‘•’”‘ ‡••Ǥ



ʹǤ    

Š‡•–”ƒ–‡‰‹ ’Žƒ‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡™‹ŽŽ†‡˜‡Ž‘’Ž‘‰Ǧ–‡”’Žƒ•ƒ†‰‘ƒŽ• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ƒ† ”‡ ‘‡† ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›• –‘ ”‡ƒ Š –Š‡ †‡•‹”‡† ‰‘ƒŽ•Ǥ



͵Ǥ 

Š‡ ‘’—–‡” ‘‹––‡‡ ‹• ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” •—’‡”˜‹•‹‰ –Š‡ ‰‡‡”ƒŽ ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•‘ˆ ‘’—–‡”•—’’‘”–•–ƒˆˆǡƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ™‡„ •‹–‡ǡƒ†ƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰–Š‡ ‘’—–‡”‹ˆ”ƒ•–”— –—”‡‡ ‡••ƒ”›–‘•—’’‘”– –Š‡”‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ†–‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ





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ͶǤ   Ƭ 

Š‡ Šƒ‹”• Ƭ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”• ‘‹––‡‡ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ‘’‘•‡† ‘ˆ ƒŽŽ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”• –Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ƒ™ƒ”†‡† –Š‡ ’‘•‹–‹‘• ‘ˆ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’ ‘” Šƒ‹”

‹Ǥ Š‡ Šƒ‹”‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡•ŠƒŽŽ„‡ƒ’’‘‹–‡†„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ › ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡” „‡‹‰ ‘•‹†‡”‡† „› –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ˆ‘” ƒ’’‘‹–‡– –‘ ƒ Šƒ‹” ‘” ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’ —•– „‡ ƒ –‡—”‡† ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”™‹–Š‹–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒŽ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’• ƒ› „‡ ƒ™ƒ”†‡† –‘ –‡—”‡Ǧ–”ƒ  ˆƒ —Ž–›ˆ‘”ƒ’‡”‹‘†‘ˆ͵›‡ƒ”•ǡ™‹–Š–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘”ƒ”‡‡™ƒŽ ˆ‘”ƒ‘–Š‡”͵›‡ƒ”–‡”Ǥ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒŽ”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’• ƒ””›–Š‡ •ƒ‡’”‹˜‹Ž‡‰‡•ƒ•ƒ ‘˜‡–‹‘ƒŽ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’‡š ‡’––Šƒ––Š‡ Š‘Ž†‡”ƒ›‘–†”ƒ™ƒ•ƒŽƒ”›•—’’Ž‡‡–ƒ†‹•‘–ƒ‡„‡”‘ˆ –Š‡Šƒ‹”•Ƭ”‘ˆ‡••‘”•‘‹––‡‡Ǥ

‹˜Ǥ ˆƒ’‡”•‘‹•„‡‹‰”‡ ”—‹–‡†™‹–Šƒ’”‘‹•‡‘ˆƒ’’‘‹–‡––‘ƒ ’‘•‹–‹‘ ƒ• ƒ ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’ ‘” Šƒ‹”ǡ –Š‡ –‡—”‡ •–ƒ–—• ‘ˆ –Š‹• ’‡”•‘ —•– ˆ‹”•– „‡ †‡–‡”‹‡† „› –Š‡ –‡—”‡ ƒ† ’”‘‘–‹‘ ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ  Š‡ Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ —•– Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ’‘•‹–‹˜‡ ˜‘–‡ ‘ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’‡”•‘ˆ‘”–‡—”‡’”‹‘”–‘ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ–‹‘ „›–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡‘ˆ”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’ƒ†Šƒ‹”Š‘Ž†‡”•Ǥ

˜Ǥ  ’‡”•‘ –Šƒ– ‹• ‘•‹†‡”‡† ˆ‘” ƒ Šƒ‹” ‘” ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’ •ŠƒŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡† ‡š ‡ŽŽ‡ ‡ ‹ƒŽŽ–Š”‡‡ƒ”‡ƒ•‘ˆ–‡ƒ Š‹‰ǡ ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡƒ†•‡”˜‹ ‡Ǥ

˜‹Ǥ Š‡ ’‡”•‘ •ŠƒŽŽ Šƒ˜‡ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡† •–”‘‰ ™‘” ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• ‡–Š‹ ƒŽ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š›ƒ† ‘†— –Ǥ

˜‹‹Ǥ ‡ ƒ—•‡ Š‘Ž†‡”• ‘ˆ Šƒ‹”• ƒ”‡ ”‡˜‹‡™‡† ‡˜‡”› ˆ‹˜‡ ›‡ƒ”• ƒ† Š‘Ž†‡”•‘ˆ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”•Š‹’•ƒ”‡”‡˜‹‡™‡†‡˜‡”›–Š”‡‡›‡ƒ”•„›–Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ǡ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† •Š‘—Ž† •‡‡ ‹’—– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ‹‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡ ‡„‡”• ˆ‘” ’”‡’ƒ”‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

˜‹‹‹Ǥ  ‡ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ǯ• ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ ‹• •—„‹––‡† –‘ –Š‡‡ƒǡ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ƒ†‹˜‡”•‹–›‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•„‡ ‘‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ

ͷǤ     

‡”‹‘†‹ ƒŽŽ›”‡˜‹‡™•–Š‡•–ƒ†ƒ”†‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰’”‘ ‡†—”‡•ƒ†‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡• ƒ†ƒ‡• ƒ†Œ—•–‡–• ™Š‡†‡‡‡†ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ǤŽŽ Šƒ‰‡•–‘ –Š‡ —‹†‡Ž‹‡•ƒ†–ƒ†ƒ”†’‡”ƒ–‹‰”‘ ‡†—”‡•—•–„‡ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›ƒ ƒŒ‘”‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›‹ƒ˜‘–‡Ǥ

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127



͸Ǥ 

‹Ǥ ‘Ž‹ ‹–•ƒ†”‡˜‹‡™•‘‹ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ†‡’ƒ”–‡–ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”• ˆ‘”„‘–Š‹–‡”ƒŽǡ‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǧƒ†‹‹•–‡”‡†ƒ™ƒ”†•ǡƒ†–Š‘•‡‘ˆ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ•‘ ‹‡–‹‡•

‹‹Ǥ Š‡ Šƒ‹”‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡‹•ƒ’’‘‹–‡†„›–Š‡ ‡ƒ†ǡƒ†ŠƒŽˆ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ‡Ž‡ –‡† „› –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ  Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ •Š‘—Ž†„‡ ‘’‘•‡†‘ˆˆ‹˜‡‡„‡”•‹ Ž—†‹‰–Š‡ Šƒ‹”ǤŠ”‡‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡‡„‡”••ŠƒŽŽ„‡‡Ž‡ –‡†„›–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ  ‡ ƒ ‘‹ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• „‡‡ ”‡ ‡‹˜‡† –Š‡ Šƒ‹” ™‹ŽŽ ƒ’’‘‹– ƒ ‘‹––‡‡‡„‡”–‘™‘”™‹–Š–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ™ƒ”†–‘ ’”‡’ƒ”‡–Š‡‘‹ƒ–‹‘’ƒ ƒ‰‡ˆ‘”•—„‹••‹‘ǤŠ‡ ‘‹––‡‡ •Š‘—Ž†”‡˜‹‡™–Š‡ ‘’Ž‡–‡†‘‹ƒ–‹‘’ƒ ƒ‰‡Ǥ



͹Ǥ  

‡˜‹‡™••–ƒ–—•‘ˆ–‡—”‡†ˆƒ —Ž–›‹ƒ ‘”†™‹–Š‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒ•‹•‘—–Ž‹‡†‹–Š‡ ƒ —Ž–› ƒ†„‘‘Ǥ



ͺǤ  

•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š‡• ƒ† ”‡˜‹‡™• ƒ ‡’–ƒ„Ž‡ •ƒˆ‡–› ’”ƒ –‹ ‡• ‹ †‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ ‹•–”— –‹‘ƒŽ ƒ† ”‡•‡ƒ” Š Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”‹‡•Ǣ ‘†— –• ’‡”‹‘†‹  •ƒˆ‡–› ‹•’‡ –‹‘•‘ˆ†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽˆƒ ‹Ž‹–‹‡•Ǥ



ͻǤ   

Š‹• ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ†Ž‡• ‹–‡• ‹ Ž—†‹‰ †‡’ƒ”–‡– ”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ–  ǡ–Š‡Ž‹„”ƒ”› ‘‹––‡‡ǡƒ†‘–Š‡”Dz‰‡‡”ƒŽdz•‡”˜‹ ‡‹••—‡•Ǥ



ͳͲǤ 

‡‡•–‘ˆƒ ‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡Œ‘„’Žƒ ‡‡–‘ˆ•–—†‡–•Ǥ



 ʹ͵

128

ͳͳǤ 

‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡•‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ†”‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ––‡”•™‹–Šƒ†ƒ••‹•–• ‹”‡ ”—‹–‹‰‘ˆ‡’Ž‘›‡‡•Ǥ



ͳʹǤ   

ƒǤ ‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•Ǥ  Š‡ ‡—”‡ ƒ† ”‘‘–‹‘ ‘‹––‡‡ •ŠƒŽŽ ƒ†˜‹•‡ǡ ƒ••‹•–ǡ ƒ† ƒ‡ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•ǡ –‘ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ƒ† –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–›ǡ‘ƒ––‡”•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡ƒ’’‘‹–‡–ǡ”‡Ǧƒ’’‘‹–‡–ǡ’”‘‘–‹‘ǡ ƒ† –‡—”‡ ‘ˆ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ’’‘‹–‡† —†‡” –Š‡ ”—Ž‡• ‘ˆ –‡—”‡ ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡–Ǥ

„Ǥ ‡„‡”•Š‹’ǤŠ‡‡—”‡ƒ†”‘‘–‹‘‘‹––‡‡•ŠƒŽŽ ‘•‹•–‘ˆƒŽŽˆ—ŽŽ ’”‘ˆ‡••‘”• ™‹–Š !" #$%‹–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–ǤŠ‹• ‘‹––‡‡•–”— –—”‡‹• ‘•‹•–‡– ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ ‘ˆ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ &'()*' !(" +*$,$-.$( /)."'#.('0Ǥ

Ǥ ”‘ ‡†—”‡• ˆ‘” ‡‡”ƒ–‹‰ ‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ  Š‡ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ ˆ‘” ‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‰–‡—”‡”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•‹•ƒ•‘—–Ž‹‡†‹’’‡†‹š ‘ˆ–Š‹• †‘ —‡–Ǥ

†Ǥ ”‘‘–‹‘–‘‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡†”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǤŠ‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡ˆ‘”ƒ’’‘‹–‡– ‘ˆ ‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡† ”‘ˆ‡••‘” ƒ ‹• ‘—–Ž‹‡† ‹ ‹˜‡”•‹–› —Ž‡ ͳʹǤͻͻǤͻͻǤͶǤ

‡Ǥ ‡—”‡‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”‡™ ƒ —Ž–› ‹”‡†ƒ––Š‡••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ƒ† —ŽŽ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”‡˜‡Ž

‹Ǥ Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ƒ†˜‹•‡• –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ‘ ƒŽŽ ƒ’’‘‹–‡–• ™Š‹ Š ‹˜‘Ž˜‡ –Š‡ ‰”ƒ–‹‰ ‘ˆ –‡—”‡Ǥ Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡• ‹ ƒ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ ’”‘ ‡†—”‡ –Šƒ– ‹• ‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡– –‘ –Šƒ– ‘—–Ž‹‡† ˆ‘” ‰”ƒ–‹‰ ‘ˆ –‡—”‡Ǥ

ˆǤ ‡–‘”‹‰‘ˆ–‡—”‡–”ƒ ˆƒ —Ž–›

‹Ǥ Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ƒ••‹‰• –™‘ –‡—”‡† ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”• ƒ• ‡–‘”•ˆ‘”‡ƒ Š–‡—”‡Ǧ–”ƒ ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”ǤŠ‡ƒ••‹‰‡– ‹• ƒ†‡ ‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ –‡—”‡Ǧ–”ƒ  ‡„‡” –‘ „‡ ‡–‘”‡†ƒ†–Š‡ƒ••‹‰‡†‡–‘”•Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ – ‹• –Š‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ ‡ƒ Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡–‘”• –‘ ”‡˜‹‡™ –Š‡ • Š‘Žƒ”Ž› ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ȋ’ƒ’‡”• ™”‹––‡ǡ ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ• •—„‹––‡†Ȁˆ—†‡†ǡ ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•‰‹˜‡ǡ–‡ƒ Š‹‰‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘•ǡ •‡”˜‹ ‡ ƒ••‹‰‡–•Ȍ ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– –™‹ ‡ ƒ ›‡ƒ” ƒ† †‹• —•• –Š‡ ‘—– ‘‡™‹–Š–Š‡‡–‡‡Ǥ

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‰Ǥ ‡‡†„ƒ  –‘ –‡—”‡Ǧ–”ƒ  ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ  Š‡ Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ ‹• Šƒ”‰‡† ™‹–Š ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ˆ‡‡†„ƒ  –‘ ••‹•–ƒ– ƒ† ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”• ˜‹ƒ –™‘ ‡ Šƒ‹••Ǥ

‹Ǥ —ƒŽ ”‡˜‹‡™Ǥ  Š‡ Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ ™‹ŽŽ ”‡˜‹‡™ ••‹•–ƒ– ƒ† ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡”‘ˆ‡••‘”•ǯ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡‘ƒƒ—ƒŽ„ƒ•‹•ƒ†‘ˆˆ‡” ˆ‡‡†„ƒ ‘’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ Š”‡‡ ›‡ƒ” ”‡˜‹‡™Ǥ  Š‡ Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ ™‹ŽŽ ƒŽ•‘ ”‡˜‹‡™ ••‹•–ƒ–”‘ˆ‡••‘”•ƒ––Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š”‡‡›‡ƒ”•Ǥ

‹‹‹Ǥ Š‡ ˆ‡‡†„ƒ  ˆ”‘ ͳ ƒ† ʹ ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ‘˜‡›‡† –‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†



ͳ͵Ǥ   

‹Ǥ –”— –—”‡ ƒ† ‡„‡”•Š‹’ǣ Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ •‡˜‡ ȋ͹Ȍ ‡„‡”•ˆ”‘ƒŽŽ”ƒ•‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ–‹‡ƒ –‹˜‡ˆƒ —Ž–›ǤŠ‡••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡ƒ† ˆ‘” †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ –—†‹‡• ‹• –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ‹”Ǥ  ˆ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ‹‹‰•‹š‡„‡”•–™‘ƒ”‡ƒ’’‘‹–‡†„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ƒ†ˆ‘—”ƒ”‡ Š‘•‡„›˜‘–‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ

‹‹Ǥ ‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ǣ  –Š‡ †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ‹• ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ ˆ‘” ‘˜‡”•‡‡‹‰ –Š‡ †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ —””‹ —Ž— ƒ† ƒ› —””‹ —Ž— ”‡ˆ‘”‡ˆˆ‘”–•Ǥ

ͳǤ Š‡ †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ —””‹ —Ž— ‘‹––‡‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‘•‹•– ‘ˆ ˆ‘—”‡„‡”•ǡƒŽŽ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘‹––‡‡ǡ ƒ†–Š‡•‡ˆ‘—”‡„‡”•™‹ŽŽ„‡•‡Ž‡ –‡†„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡ƒ† ˆ‘” †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡–—†‹‡•

ʹǤ ‘Ǧ‘’’”‘‰”ƒ

͵Ǥ ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‹‘‘ˆ ”‹–‡”‹ƒ

!" Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡™‹ŽŽ ‘•‹•–‘ˆ–Š”‡‡‡„‡”•ǡ ƒŽŽ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘‹––‡‡ǡ ƒ† –Š‡•‡ –Š”‡‡ ‡„‡”• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ •‡Ž‡ –‡† „› –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡ƒ†ˆ‘”†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡–—†‹‡•ǤŠ‡••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡ƒ† ˆ‘” †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ –—†‹‡• ™‹ŽŽ •‡”˜‡ ƒ• Šƒ‹” ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ

ͶǤ  ƒ†‡‹ ƒ†˜‹•‡‡–‘ˆ—†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–•

ͷǤ ‹”‡ –‡†•–—†‹‡•’”‘‰”ƒȋ ͶͺͷȌ

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130

‹‹‹Ǥ ‘†‡‘ˆ’‡”ƒ–‹‘

ͳǤ Š‡ †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘‹––‡‡ •Š‘—Ž† ‡‡– ”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž› –‘ †‹• —•• ‹••—‡• ‘ˆ ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡ –‘ –Š‡ —†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ’”‘‰”ƒǤ ‹—–‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡ ‡‡–‹‰• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ ƒ†‡ ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ –‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‹ ƒ –‹‡Ž› ƒ‡”Ǥ  Š‹• ‘‹––‡‡ ȋ–Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ˆ‘” •–—†‹‡•Ȍ•Š‘—Ž†”‡’‘”––‘ –Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›ƒ–ƒŽŽ‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ ƒ —Ž–›‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ

‹˜Ǥ ’‡”ƒ–‹‰ ”‘ ‡†—”‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ Š‡‹ ƒŽ ‰‹‡‡”‹‰ †‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ”‘‰”ƒ‘‹––‡‡ǤŽ‡ƒ•‡”‡ˆ‡”–‘–Š‡—†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡Šƒ†„‘‘Ǥ



ͳͶǤ  

Ǥ –”— –—”‡ƒ†‡„‡”•Š‹’

Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ‘•‹•–• ‘ˆ •‡˜‡ ȋ͹Ȍ ‡„‡”• ˆ”‘ ƒŽŽ ”ƒ• ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡—”‡Ǧ–”ƒ  ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ  Š‡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡ƒ† ˆ‘” ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ –—†‹‡• ‹• –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ‹”Ǥ  ‹˜‡ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‹• ‘‹––‡‡ ƒŽ•‘ ‘’”‹•‡ –Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ †‹••‹‘• ƒ† ‡ ”—‹–‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡ǡ ™Š‹ Š ‹• ƒ •—„ ‘‹––‡‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡‘‹––‡‡ƒ†‹•Š‡ƒ†‡†„›–Š‡ ‡ƒ†‘ˆ –Š‡‡ ”—‹–‹‰ƒ††‹••‹‘•‘‹––‡‡ǤŠ‡•‡˜‡–Šˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡” ‘ˆ–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡‘‹––‡‡‹•”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒ••‹‰‡–•Ǥˆ–Š‡ ˆ‹˜‡ ‡„‡”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ™Š‘ ƒ”‡ ‘– –Š‡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡ƒ† ƒ† ‡ƒ†‘ˆ–Š‡‡ ”—‹–‹‰ƒ††‹••‹‘•‘‹––‡‡ǡ–™‘ƒ”‡ƒ’’‘‹–‡†„› –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ȋ‘‡ ˆ‘” ”‡ ”—‹–‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡ǡ  ƒ••‹‰‡”Ȍƒ† –Š”‡‡ƒ”‡ Š‘•‡„›˜‘–‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›ǤŠ‡‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡‡ ”—‹–‹‰ ƒ††‹••‹‘‘‹––‡‡•Šƒ”‡‹ƒŽŽ–Š‡”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•Ž‹•–‡†„‡Ž‘™‹ ƒ††‹–‹‘ –‘ ”‡ ”—‹–‡–Ǥ  Š‡ ••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡ƒ† ƒ†  ƒ••‹‰‡” †‘‘– ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡‹”‡ ”—‹–‹‰ƒ†ƒ†‹••‹‘•‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ

Ǥ ‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ǣ–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡‘‹––‡‡‹•”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”‘˜‡”•‡‡‹‰ –Š‡

‹Ǥ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ —””‹ —Ž— ƒ† ƒ› ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ —””‹ —Ž— ”‡ˆ‘”‡ˆˆ‘”–•

‹‹Ǥ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–”‡ ”—‹–‹‰ƒ†ƒ†‹••‹‘•

‹‹‹Ǥ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–ˆ‡ŽŽ‘™•Š‹’‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ Ȍ

‹˜Ǥ — ‡••ˆ—Ž ‹’Ž‡‡–ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˆ‹”•– ›‡ƒ” •–—†‡– ’”‘‰”ƒȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥƒ†˜‹•‘”•‡Ž‡ –‹‘ǡ’”‘ˆ‹ ‹‡ ›‡šƒȌ

Ǥ ‘†‡‘ˆ’‡”ƒ–‹‘

Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‘‹––‡‡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‡ ”—‹–‹‰ ƒ† †‹••‹‘• ‘‹––‡‡••Š‘—Ž†‡‡–”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž›–‘†‹• —••‹••—‡•‘ˆ”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡–‘–Š‡

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‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡’”‘‰”ƒǤ‹—–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•‡‡‡–‹‰••Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ†‡ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ –‘–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›‹ƒ–‹‡Ž›ƒ‡”ǤŠ‹• ‘‹––‡‡ȋ–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡••‘ ‹ƒ–‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ˆ‘” Ȍ •Š‘—Ž† ”‡’‘”– –‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ– ƒŽŽ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ ƒ —Ž–›‡‡–‹‰•Ǥ

Ǥ ’‡”ƒ–‹‰”‘ ‡†—”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡”‘‰”ƒ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ

Ž‡ƒ•‡”‡ˆ‡”–‘–Š‡‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡Šƒ†„‘‘Ǥ

Ǥ ’‡”ƒ–‹‰ ”‘ ‡†—”‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‡ ”—‹–‹‰ Ƭ †‹••‹‘• ‘‹––‡‡

Ž‡ƒ•‡”‡ˆ‡”–‘’’‡†‹š 



 ʹ͹

132

 Ǥ   ǣ   

Ǥ    

Š‡‡—”‡ƒ†”‘‘–‹‘‘‹––‡‡‹• Šƒ”‰‡†™‹–Š’”‘˜‹†‹‰–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†™‹–Š ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆˆƒ —Ž–›’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡‹–‡ƒ Š‹‰ǡ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡƒ†•‡”˜‹ ‡ƒ†™‹–Š†‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰”‡ƒ’’‘‹–‡–•ǡ–‡—”‡ǡƒ†’”‘‘–‹‘Ǥ

Ǥ    

!"##$%&'(()$%&*+Š‡ Šƒ‹”‘ˆ–Š‡Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ ƒŽŽ•‡‡–‹‰•„›•‡†‹‰ƒ‡Ǧƒ‹Ž–‘ –Š‡Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ †‡ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡‡‡–‹‰—•–„‡• Š‡†—Ž‡†ƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–‘‡™‡‡‹ƒ†˜ƒ ‡ǡ —Ž‡••–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ‡‡”‰‡ ›‡‡†ˆ‘”ƒ‡‡–‹‰Ǥ

,-./-'+–ƒ‡‡–‹‰ǡƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–͸ͲΨ‘ˆ–Š‡Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡—•–„‡’”‡•‡–ˆ‘”–Š‡‡‡–‹‰ –‘„‡Š‡Ž†Ǥ ˆ–Š‡“—‘”—‹•‘–‡–ǡ–Š‡–Š‡‡‡–‹‰—•–„‡”‡• Š‡†—Ž‡†Ǥ  0"##.)*+ˆ–‡”‘’‡†‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹‘•‹ƒƬ‡‡–‹‰ǡ˜‘–‡•ƒ”‡–‘„‡–ƒ‡„›•‡ ”‡–„ƒŽŽ‘–Ǥ Š‡„ƒŽŽ‘–•ƒ”‡–‘„‡ ‘—–‡†„›–™‘ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”•Ǥ  1*(.2(Ǧ'"$#+‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡•‹–‹˜‡ƒ–—”‡‘ˆƬ†‡ ‹•‹‘•ǡ ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘˜‹ƒ‡Ǧƒ‹Ž‹• –‘„‡‡’––‘ƒ‹‹—Ǥ –•—•‡•Š‘—Ž†„‡”‡•–”‹ –‡†’”‹ƒ”‹Ž›–‘• Š‡†—Ž‹‰‹••—‡•ǡ™‹–Š •‘‡‹‘”‡š ‡’–‹‘•†‹• —••‡†„‡Ž‘™Ǥ

!.%2$3(%)$"#$)4 + ‘ ‡„‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ •Š‘—Ž† †‹”‡ –Ž› ‘—‹ ƒ–‡ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ Ƭ †‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹‘• ‘” ‘ Ž—•‹‘•Ǣ –Š‡ †‡’ƒ”–‡– Š‡ƒ† ‹• ”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”•— Š ‘—‹ ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

5('6(/*%.)7/(*(%)+‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ ‘ˆŽ‹ –‹‰‘„Ž‹‰ƒ–‹‘•ǡ–”ƒ˜‡Žǡ‘”„‡‹‰•–ƒ–‹‘‡†‹ƒ‘ˆˆǦ ƒ’—• Ž‘ ƒ–‹‘ ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ ƒ–ƒ”Ȍǡ ƒ Ƭ ‡„‡” ƒ› ‘– „‡ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ƒ––‡† ƒ Ƭ ‡‡–‹‰Ǥ Š‡‹” ‹’—– ƒ •–‹ŽŽ „‡ ‹ ‘”’‘”ƒ–‡† ‹–‘ –Š‡ ”‡ ‘”† ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ƭ ‡‡–‹‰Ǥ  Š‡ Ƭ Šƒ‹” ‰ƒ–Š‡”•–Š‡‹”‹’—–„›‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡–Š‘†•ǣ

x ’‡”•‘

x ‹ƒ‘‡Ǧ‘Ǧ‘‡‡Ǧƒ‹Žȋ‘–‡ǣ‘–Š–Š‡•‡†‡”ƒ†”‡ ‡‹˜‡”‘ˆ–Š‡‡Ǧƒ‹Žƒ”‡Š‘‘”Ǧ „‘—†‘––‘†‹•–”‹„—–‡–Š‡‡Ǧƒ‹Ž–‘‘–Š‡”•ǤȌ

x ‡ ”‡–„ƒŽŽ‘–Š‡Ž†„›–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–Š‡ƒ†ǯ••‡ ”‡–ƒ”›

8/(*(%9(.2:(7"/)'(%);("3+Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–Š‡ƒ†•ŠƒŽŽ‘–„‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ ‡‡–‹‰•ǡ–Š—•ƒŽŽ‘™‹‰–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡–‘ˆ”‡‡Ž›†‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‡Ǥ

<6*)(%)$.%*+!.''$))(('('6(/**="##%.)"6*)"$%2/.'>.)(*?

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!"#$%&'() "$ *#(+,+)( - ./"0%1 2 '"33&((++ 3+34+, /25+ 2 '"#$%&'( "$ &#(+,+)(6 /+7)/+ )/2%% ,+'0)+/&37/+,)+%$$,"31+%&4+,2(&"#)2#15"(+)8

‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡”‡’‘”–•ƒ”‡™”‹––‡„›–Š‡Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ȋ‘––Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–Š‡ƒ†‘” ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡Ȍ –Šƒ–‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹–‡•Ǥƒ Š”‡’‘”–•Š‘—Ž†‡†™‹–Š–Š‡•–ƒ–‡‡–Dz–Š‡‘’‹‹‘• ƒ† ‘ Ž—•‹‘••–ƒ–‡†‹–Š‹•”‡’‘”–”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ƒ —”ƒ–‡Ž›”‡ˆŽ‡ ––Š‡˜‹‡™•‘ˆ –Š‡Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ǤdzŠ‡•‡”‡’‘”–••—ƒ”‹œ‡–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǯ•’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡‹‡ƒ Šƒ”‡ƒˆ‘” ”ƒ’‹† ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘ „› •—„•‡“—‡– ”‡˜‹‡™‡”•Ǥ  Š‡› •Š‘—Ž† ‘– ”‡’‡ƒ– ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ˆ‘—† ‡Ž•‡™Š‡”‡ ‹ –Š‡ †‘••‹‡”Ǥ  ƒ’Ž‡ ”‡’‘”–• ˆ‘” ‹†Ǧ–‡” ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† –‡—”‡ Ƭ ’”‘‘–‹‘•”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‹ Ž—†‡†‹–Š‹•ƒ’’‡†‹šǤ

Ǥ    ǯ  

‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡ƒ•—”‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǯ•–‡ƒ Š‹‰“—ƒŽ‹–›ǡƒ•ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ǣ

x Žƒ••”‘‘ƒ†Žƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”›‹•–”— –‹‘

x †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ‡™ ‘—”•‡•ǡŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‘”‹‡•ǡ‘”–‡ƒ Š‹‰‡–Š‘†•

x •—„•–ƒ–‹ƒŽ”‡˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ‡š‹•–‹‰ ‘—”•‡•

x ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹•–”— –‹‘ƒŽƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ•ȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥǡ–‡š–„‘‘•ǡ‡†— ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ȍ

x –‡ƒ Š‹‰ƒ™ƒ”†•

x ’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‹‘‹Š‘‘”•’”‘‰”ƒ•

x •—’‡”˜‹•‹‘‘ˆ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–•

Š‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘—•–‹ Ž—†‡–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ǣ

x Ƭ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ ‘—”•‡•›ŽŽƒ„‹ǡƒ••‹‰‡–•ǡ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ†‰”ƒ†‹‰‡–Š‘†•Ǥ

x –—†‡– ”ƒ–‹‰• ‘ˆ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ǡ ™‹–Š ‘‡–• ‘ –Š‡•‡ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘•„›’‡‡”•ǤŠ‡ ”ƒ–‹‰• —•– „‡ –ƒ„—Žƒ–‡† Š”‘‘Ž‘‰‹ ƒŽŽ›Ǥ  —”–Š‡”ǡ –Š‡ ‘”• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‡’ƒ”–‡– —•–„‡’”‡•‡–‡†Ǥ

Ǥ    ǯ 

‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǯ•• Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’ƒ†ˆ—†”ƒ‹•‹‰ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡‡ƒ•—”‡• †‡• ”‹„‡†‹ –‡Ǥ‘‡–‘Š‘™–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǯ•’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ‘’ƒ”‡•–‘‘–Š‡”•‹ –Š‡ †‡’ƒ”–‡– ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ Š‹‡˜‡† ’”‘‘–‹‘ ‘” –‡—”‡ ƒ– ‘’ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡ •–ƒ‰‡• ‹ –Š‡‹” ƒ”‡‡”Ǥ

Ǥ    ǯ 

‡• ”‹„‡–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǯ••‡”˜‹ ‡ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡‡ƒ•—”‡•†‡• ”‹„‡†‹ –‡Ǥ ‘‡–‘Š‘™–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǯ•’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡ ‘’ƒ”‡•–‘‘–Š‡”•‹–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ƒ Š‹‡˜‡†’”‘‘–‹‘‘”–‡—”‡ƒ– ‘’ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡•–ƒ‰‡•‹–Š‡‹” ƒ”‡‡”Ǥ

 ʹͻ

134

Ǥ    ǯ    ȋ Ȍ

Š‹•‘’–‹‘ƒŽ”‡’‘”–‹•ˆ‘”ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡•–Šƒ–†‘‘–ˆ‹–‹–‘–‡ƒ Š‹‰ǡ”‡•‡ƒ” Šǡ‘”•‡”˜‹ ‡Ǥ

Ǥ   ǯ

Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†™‹ŽŽ•‡†”‡“—‡•–•ˆ‘”Ž‡––‡”•ˆ”‘‘—–•‹†‡”‡˜‹‡™‡”•ǤŠ‡—„‡”‘ˆ ”‡“—‡•–‡†Ž‡––‡”•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•ǣ

x ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡Ǧ•—’’Ž‹‡†ƒ‡•‘ˆ†‡•‹”ƒ„Ž‡”‡˜‹‡™‡”•αͶ

x ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡Ǧ•—’’Ž‹‡†ƒ‡•‘ˆ—†‡•‹”ƒ„Ž‡”‡˜‹‡™‡”•αƒ•ƒ›†‡•‹”‡†

x ƒ —Ž–›Ǧ•—’’Ž‹‡†ƒ‡•αͶ

Š‡Ž‹•–‘ˆƒ‡•‹•’”‘˜‹†‡†–‘–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–Š‡ƒ†ǡ™Š‘•‘Ž‹ ‹–•”‡˜‹‡™•ˆ”‘ƒŽŽͺ‘–Š‡ –™‘Ž‹•–•Ǥȋ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘• ƒŽŽ‘™ˆ‘” ‘ ‘”‡–Šƒ ͺ•‘Ž‹ ‹–ƒ–‹‘•‹ –Š‡ˆ‹”•–”‡“—‡•–ǤȌ Š‡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡”‡“—‹”‡•ˆ”‘Ͷ–‘ͺŽ‡––‡”•Ǥ

••—‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘•‡Ž‡ –‹‘‘ˆ”‡˜‹‡™‡”•ǣ

x Š‡”‡˜‹‡™‡”••Š‘—Ž†„‡™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ƒ†ˆ”‘’‡‡”‹•–‹–—–‹‘• ȋ‘”Š‹‰Š‡”ȌǤŠ‡—‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡“—‹”‡•ƒ‹‹—‘ˆ–Š”‡‡„‡’”‘˜‹†‡†Ǥ

x ‡˜‹‡™Ž‡––‡”•ƒ›„‡•‘Ž‹ ‹–‡†ˆ”‘‹†—•–”›Ž‡ƒ†‡”•ǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š‡š’‡”‹‡ ‡ˆ”‘–Š‡ ’ƒ•–•Š‘™•–Šƒ–‹†—•–”‹ƒŽ”‡˜‹‡™‡”•ƒ”‡‘ˆ–‡‘–ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”™‹–Šƒ ƒ†‡‹ƒƒ†ƒ› ’”‘˜‹†‡ ‹ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ ‘‡–•Ǥ ‡––‡”• ˆ”‘ ‹†—•–”› Ž‡ƒ†‡”• ƒ”‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡† ‹ ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘ǡ‘–‹’Žƒ ‡‘ˆǡŽ‡––‡”•ˆ”‘ƒ ƒ†‡‹ƒǤ

x Š‡ Ž‹•– ‘ˆ ”‡˜‹‡™‡”• ƒ› ‹ Ž—†‡ –Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǯ• †‹••‡”–ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†˜‹•‘”ǡ ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š Š‹•ȀŠ‡” ‘‡–•ƒ›‘– ƒ””›–Š‡•ƒ‡™‡‹‰Š–ƒ•†‹•‹–‡”‡•–‡†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‘”•Ǥ

x ˜‘‹†–Š‘•‡™Š‘•‡‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‹–›ƒ›„‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡†ǡ•— Šƒ•–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ǣ

o ‘Ǧƒ—–Š‘”•

o ‘‰–‹‡’‡”•‘ƒŽˆ”‹‡†•

o ‘”‡”•–—†‡–•

o ‘”‡”‡–‘”•

x š–‡”ƒŽŽ‡––‡”•‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‰–Š‡’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ ‡‘ˆˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”•ƒ›„‡˜‹‡™‡†„› Ƭ ‡„‡”•ǡ „—– –Š‡› ƒ› ‘– „‡ ‘’‹‡† ‘” ƒ› –Š‡› Ž‡ƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‹ ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†Ǥ





 ͵Ͳ

135

Ǥ Ƭ  

Š‡”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘‹•ƒ†˜‹•‘”›‹ƒ–—”‡ǤŠ‡’—”’‘•‡‹•–‘‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ǯ• ˜‘–‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǯ• •—‹–ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ˆ‘” –‡—”‡Ȁ’”‘‘–‹‘Ǥ  Š‡ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ •Š‘—Ž†‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ǣ

x ŽŽ‡Ž‡‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǯ••–”‡‰–Š•ƒ†™‡ƒ‡••‡•™‡”‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†

x Š‡”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘‹•„ƒ•‡†—’‘™”‹––‡ǡ™‹†‡Ž› ‹” —Žƒ–‡†‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•ˆ”‘–Š‡ †‡’ƒ”–‡–ǡ ‘ŽŽ‡‰‡ǡƒ†—‹˜‡”•‹–›Ǥ

‹‘”‹–› ”‡’‘”–• ƒ”‡ ‘– ’‡”‹––‡†Ǥ  ƒ–Š‡”ǡ –Š‡ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘Ž‡––‡”•Š‘—Ž†•–ƒ–‡–Š‡ ‹‘”‹–›˜‹‡™ƒ†‹†‹ ƒ–‡Š‘™ƒ›‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡•—„• ”‹„‡–‘–Š‡‹‘”‹–› ‘’‹‹‘Ǥ

‘”ƒ–ǣ

x —ƒ”‹œ‡–Š‡‘•–”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‹••—‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–‡ƒ Š‹‰ǡ•‡”˜‹ ‡ǡƒ†”‡•‡ƒ” Š–Šƒ– ‡š’Žƒ‹–Š‡˜‘–‡Ǥ’Šƒ•‹œ‡–Š‘•‡’‘‹–•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ ‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š–Š‡˜‘–‡Ǥ ˆ–Š‡ †‘••‹‡” ‘–ƒ‹• ‡Ž‡‡–• –Šƒ– ‘–”ƒ†‹ – –Š‡ ˜‘–‡ǡ ‡š’Žƒ‹ ™Š›–Š‡•‡™‡”‡ †‹• ‘—–‡†Ǥ

x ‘ ‘– ‹ Ž—†‡ †‹”‡ – “—‘–‡• ‘ˆ ‘‹––‡‡ ‡„‡”•ǡ ‹—–‡• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰•ǡ ‘” –”ƒ• ”‹’–•Ǥ

x •—”‡–Š‡•—ƒ”› ‘””‡Žƒ–‡•™‹–Š–Š‡˜‘–‡•Ǥ

x ˜‘‹†•—ƒ”‹œ‹‰‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘—†‹‘–Š‡”•‡ –‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡†‘••‹‡”Ǥ

‘”—ƒ‹‘—•˜‘–‡ǣ

x –ƒ–‡ –Šƒ– Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡ ‘˜‡”™Š‡Ž‹‰Ž› „‡Ž‹‡˜‡• –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǯ• –‡ƒ Š‹‰ǡ •‡”˜‹ ‡ǡƒ†”‡•‡ƒ” Šƒ”‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ˆ‘”’”‘‘–‹‘ƒ†–‡—”‡

‘”‹š‡†˜‘–‡ǣ

x š’Žƒ‹–Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ǯ••–”‡‰–Š•ƒ†™‡ƒ‡••‡•Ǥ›’‹ ƒŽ•–ƒ–‡‡–•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™ǣ

o DzƒŒ‘”‹–›–Š‘—‰Š––Š‡“—ƒ–‹–›‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•™ƒ•‰‘‘†ǡ„—–“—‡•–‹‘–Š‡ “—ƒŽ‹–›ǣdz

o Dz‹‘”‹–›™ƒ• ‘ ‡”‡†ƒ„‘—–Ǥdz

 ͵ͳ

136

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ǣ  ʹͺ ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͲͺ

 ǣ ‹†Ǧ–‡””‡˜‹‡™ˆ‘” ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘”

 ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲǡʹͲͲͺǡ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡–‡—”‡ƒ†’”‘‘–‹‘ ‘‹––‡‡Ž‹•–‡†„‡Ž‘™‡––‘†‹• —•• –Š‡‹†Ǧ–‡””‡˜‹‡™‘ˆ ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǤŠ‡ ‘‹––‡‡†‡–‡”‹‡†–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ǣ

!"#$%&'(

ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›Ǧͳ

•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›ǦͲ

x ‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‘•‹•–‡–Ž› Š‹‰Š ™‹–Š „‘–Š ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ƒ† —†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ Žƒ••‡•

x ƒ• ‘–”‹„—–‡†–‘ ”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ—†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ ‘—”•‡

x ‡ƒ Š‹‰ ͳͳʹǡ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡

)"*+&$"

ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›Ǧʹ

•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›ǦͲ

x —–•–ƒ†‹‰•‡”˜‹ ‡‹–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒ†‡š–‡”ƒŽ

,"-"#*$%

ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›Ǧͳ

•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›ǦͲ

x š ‡ŽŽ‡–Œ‘—”ƒŽ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•

x ‘–ƒŽ—„‡”˜‡”›‰‘‘†

x ƒ••—„‹––‡†ƒ›’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•

x ”‡ƒ•‘ƒ„Ž‡—„‡”‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘••‹ ‡ƒ””‹˜‹‰ƒ–‡šƒ•Ƭ

x —•–‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡Š•–—†‡–•

x ‡”›Žƒ”‰‡—„‡”‘ˆ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ••—„‹––‡†

x š ‡ŽŽ‡–ˆ—†‹‰

x –‹•‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰–‘Šƒ˜‡–™‘ ‰”ƒ–•ƒ––Š‹•’‘‹–

 ͵ʹ

137

Š‡ ‘’‹‹‘• ƒ† ‘ Ž—•‹‘• •–ƒ–‡† ‹ –Š‹• ”‡’‘”– ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ ƒ —”ƒ–‡Ž› ”‡ˆŽ‡ – –Š‡ ˜‹‡™•‘ˆ–Š‡Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ

•‡ ”‡–„ƒŽŽ‘–™ƒ•–ƒ‡‘–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰“—‡•–‹‘ǣDz • ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘”’‡”ˆ‘”‹‰•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”‹Ž›ǫdzŠ‡ ”‡•—Ž–•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™ǣ

‡•Ȃͺ

‘ȂͲ

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡„‡”•™‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ––Š‡‡‡–‹‰ǣ

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴  ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”     ”‘ˆ‡••‘”

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴  ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”     ”‘ˆ‡••‘”

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴  ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”     ”‘ˆ‡••‘” 

Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‡„‡”• ™‡”‡ ƒ„•‡– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰ǡ „—– Šƒ† ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ‹’—– •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›ǣ

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴  ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”      ”‘ˆ‡••‘” 

Š‹•Ž‡––‡”†‘‡•‘–ƒŽŽ‘™ˆ‘”ƒ‹‘”‹–›”‡’‘”–ǤŽŽ˜‹‡™• ƒ”‡”‡ ‘”†‡†ǡ‡˜‡‹ˆ•‘‡ƒ”‡Š‡Ž†„›‘Ž›ƒ‹‘”‹–›Ǥ

 

 ͵͵

138

!"#$%&'&((&)*+,&-.)&/0)1#1(21-

3)"-4.#

ǣ ‘„‹‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†

ǣ  ʹͺ ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲͲͺ

 ǣ ‡—”‡Ȁ”‘‘–‹‘ˆ‘” ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘”

 ‡„”—ƒ”›ʹͲǡʹͲͲͺǡ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡–‡—”‡ƒ†’”‘‘–‹‘ ‘‹––‡‡Ž‹•–‡†„‡Ž‘™‡––‘†‹• —•• –‡—”‡Ȁ’”‘‘–‹‘ˆ‘” ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǤŠ‡ ‘‹––‡‡†‡–‡”‹‡†–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ǣ

!"#$%&'(

ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›Ǧͳ

•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›ǦͲ

x ‡ƒ Š‹‰ ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‘•‹•–‡–Ž› Š‹‰Š ™‹–Š „‘–Š ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ƒ† —†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ Žƒ••‡•

x ƒ• ‘–”‹„—–‡†–‘ ”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ—†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡‡Ž‡ –‹˜‡ ‘—”•‡

x ‡ƒ Š‹‰ ͳͳʹǡ™Š‹ Š‹•ƒ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡

)"*+&$"

ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›Ǧʹ

•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›ǦͲ

x —–•–ƒ†‹‰•‡”˜‹ ‡‹–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒ†‡š–‡”ƒŽ

,"-"#*$%

ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›Ǧͳ

•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ –‘”›ǦͲ

x š ‡ŽŽ‡–Œ‘—”ƒŽ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•

x ‘–ƒŽ—„‡”˜‡”›‰‘‘†

x ƒ••—„‹––‡†ƒ›’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•

x ”‡ƒ•‘ƒ„Ž‡—„‡”‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘••‹ ‡ƒ””‹˜‹‰ƒ–‡šƒ•Ƭ

x —•–‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡Š•–—†‡–•

x ‡”›Žƒ”‰‡—„‡”‘ˆ’”‘’‘•ƒŽ••—„‹––‡†

x š ‡ŽŽ‡–ˆ—†‹‰

x –‹•‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰–‘Šƒ˜‡–™‘ ‰”ƒ–•ƒ––Š‹•’‘‹–

 ͵Ͷ

139

Š‡ ‘’‹‹‘• ƒ† ‘ Ž—•‹‘• •–ƒ–‡† ‹ –Š‹• ”‡’‘”– ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ ƒ —”ƒ–‡Ž› ”‡ˆŽ‡ – –Š‡ ˜‹‡™•‘ˆ–Š‡Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ

•‡ ”‡–„ƒŽŽ‘–™ƒ•–ƒ‡‘–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰“—‡•–‹‘ǣDzŠ‘—Ž† ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘””‡ ‡‹˜‡–‡—”‡Ȁ’”‘‘–‹‘ǫdz Š‡”‡•—Ž–•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™ǣ

‡•Ȃͺ

‘ȂͲ

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡„‡”•™‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ––Š‡‡‡–‹‰ǣ

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴  ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”     ”‘ˆ‡••‘”

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴  ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”     ”‘ˆ‡••‘”

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴  ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”     ”‘ˆ‡••‘” 

Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ‡„‡”• ™‡”‡ ƒ„•‡– ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡‡–‹‰ǡ „—– Šƒ† ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ‹’—– •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›ǣ

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴  ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”      ”‘ˆ‡••‘” 

Š‹•Ž‡––‡”†‘‡•‘–ƒŽŽ‘™ˆ‘”ƒ‹‘”‹–›”‡’‘”–ǤŽŽ˜‹‡™• ƒ”‡”‡ ‘”†‡†ǡ‡˜‡‹ˆ•‘‡ƒ”‡Š‡Ž†„›‘Ž›ƒ‹‘”‹–›Ǥ

 

 ͵ͷ

140

!"#$%&'&((&)*+,&-.)&/0)1#1(21-

3)"-4.#

ǣ ‘„‹‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†

ǣ  ͷ‡’–‡„‡”ʹͲͲͺ

 ǣ ‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽƬ‘‹––‡‡‡’‘”–ƒ†‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘” ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘”

‡’–‡„‡”ͶǡʹͲͲͺǡ‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡–‡—”‡ƒ†’”‘‘–‹‘ ‘‹––‡‡Ž‹•–‡†„‡Ž‘™‡– –‘†‹• —••–‡—”‡Ȁ’”‘‘–‹‘ˆ‘” ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǤŠ‡ ‘‹––‡‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡ ƒ’’”‘˜‡†„›–Š‡‡–‹”‡ Š‡‹ ƒŽ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰ˆƒ —Ž–›Ǥ

 ‹–• †‡Ž‹„‡”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ –Š‡ Ƭ ‘•‹†‡”‡† –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ ƒ––”‹„—–‡•ǣ –‡ƒ Š‹‰ǡ •‡”˜‹ ‡ǡ • Š‘Žƒ”•Š‹’ǡƒ†ˆ—†‹‰ǤŠ‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰’‘‹–••—ƒ”‹œ‡–Š‡˜‹‡™•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ǣ

x ‡ƒ Š‹‰‹•‡š ‡ŽŽ‡–Ǥ ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘”Šƒ•ƒ‰‘‘†”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’™‹–ŠŠ‡”•–—†‡–•‹–Š‡ Žƒ••”‘‘ƒ†‹•‘™–‘‰‹˜‡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰‡šƒ•ǤŠ‡Šƒ•Šƒ†–Š‡‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘ –‡ƒ Š„‘–Š ‘”‡—†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ Žƒ••‡•ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ••’‡ ‹ƒŽ‹œ‡†‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ Žƒ••‡•Ǥ

x ‡”˜‹ ‡–‘–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–‹•‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ǤŽ•‘ǡ ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘”Šƒ• Šƒ‹”‡†—‡”‘—• •‡••‹‘•ƒ– Š‡‡–‹‰•ƒ†‹•ƒŽ‡ƒ†‡”‹Š‡”ˆ‹‡Ž†ǤŠ‡’”‘˜‹†‡••‡”˜‹ ‡–‘–Š‡ ’”‘ˆ‡••‹‘„›”‡˜‹‡™‹‰—‡”‘—•’ƒ’‡”•ƒ†‰”ƒ–•Ǥ

x ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘”’—„Ž‹•Š‡•—‡”‘—•ƒ”–‹ Ž‡•Ǥ‡ ƒ—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‘˜‡Ž–›ǡ–Š‡›ƒ”‡™‹†‡Ž› ‹–‡†„›‘–Š‡”•‹–Š‡ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•‘‡‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ˆ‡Ž––Šƒ––Š‡ ’ƒ’‡”••Š‘—Ž†„‡’—„Ž‹•Š‡†‹Œ‘—”ƒŽ•™‹–ŠƒŠ‹‰Š‡”‹’ƒ –ˆƒ –‘”Ǥ

x ƒ”Ž› ‹ ‘ ”‘ˆ‡••‘”ǯ• ƒ”‡‡”ǡ ˆ—†‹‰ ™ƒ• •’ƒ”•‡Ǥ  ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ „‡ ƒ—•‡ ‘ˆ ”‡ ‡– „”‡ƒ–Š”‘—‰Š•ǡ ˆ—†‹‰ Šƒ• „‡‡ ‘—–•–ƒ†‹‰ †—‡ –‘ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ Žƒ”‰‡ ‰”ƒ–• ˆ”‘ ˆ‡†‡”ƒŽƒ‰‡ ‹‡•Ǥ

 ”‡˜‹‡™ ‘ˆ –Š‡ Ž‡––‡”• ‘ˆ ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ •—’’‘”–• ‘•– ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–ƒ–‡‡–• ƒ„‘˜‡Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”‡˜‹‡™‡”• Šƒ• ƒ ‘’‡–‹‰ ’Š‹Ž‘•‘’Š› ‹ –Š‹• ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ  ‡ „‡Ž‹‡˜‡ Š‹• ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ ‘‡–••Š‘—Ž†„‡†‹• ‘—–‡†Ǥ

Š‡ ‘’‹‹‘• ƒ† ‘ Ž—•‹‘• •–ƒ–‡† ‹ –Š‹• ”‡’‘”– ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ –Š‡ ƒ†‹†ƒ–‡ ƒ —”ƒ–‡Ž› ”‡ˆŽ‡ ––Š‡˜‹‡™•‘ˆ–Š‡Ƭ ‘‹––‡‡Ǥ

 •‡ ”‡– „ƒŽŽ‘– ™ƒ• –ƒ‡ ‘ –Š‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ “—‡•–‹‘ǣ DzŠ‘—Ž† ‘”‘ˆ‡••‘””‡ ‡‹˜‡ –‡—”‡Ȁ’”‘‘–‹‘ǫdzŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™ǣ

‡•Ȃͺ

‘ȂͲ







 ͵͸

141

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡„‡”•™‡”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ––Š‡‡‡–‹‰ǣ

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴  ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”     ”‘ˆ‡••‘”

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴ ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”     ”‘ˆ‡••‘”

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴ ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”     ”‘ˆ‡••‘” 

Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡„‡”•™‡”‡ƒ„•‡–ˆ”‘–Š‡‡‡–‹‰ǡ„—–Šƒ†ƒ‘’’‘”–—‹–›–‘’”‘˜‹†‡ ‹’—–•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›ǣ

̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴ ̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴̴

”‘ˆ‡••‘”      ”‘ˆ‡••‘” 



Š‹•Ž‡––‡”†‘‡•‘–ƒŽŽ‘™ˆ‘”ƒ‹‘”‹–›”‡’‘”–ǤŽŽ˜‹‡™• ƒ”‡”‡ ‘”†‡†ǡ‡˜‡‹ˆ•‘‡ƒ”‡Š‡Ž†„›‘Ž›ƒ‹‘”‹–›Ǥ



 ͵͹

142

 Ǥ   ǣ    Ƭ    

Ǥ   

Š‡‘„Œ‡ –‹˜‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡†‹••‹‘•ƒ†‡ ”—‹–‹‰‘‹––‡‡‹•–‘

ͳȌ ƒ––”ƒ ––Š‡„‡•–•–—†‡–•™‡ ƒ‰‡––‘–Š‹•†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒ ‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡‡‡†•‘ˆ–Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ʹȌ ‹ ”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ•–—†‡–•ƒ’’Ž›‹‰–‘‘—”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡’”‘‰”ƒ™‹–ŠƒŽ‘‰Ǧ –‡”‰‘ƒŽ‘ˆ•‹‰‹ˆ‹ ƒ–Ž›‹ ”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡’‡” ‡–ƒ‰‡‘ˆ•–—†‡–•‹–Š‡‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ ͵Ȍ •‡Ž‡ ––Š‡‰”‘—’‘ˆ•–—†‡–•–Šƒ–ˆ‹––Š‡‡‡†•‘ˆ‘—”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡’”‘‰”ƒˆ”‘–Š‡’‘‘Ž ‘ˆƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–•ƒ†ƒ†‹––Š‡ȋ–Š‡‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡’”‘‰”ƒ‹•†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•–Š‡ •—‘ˆ–Š‡‡‡†•‘ˆ–Š‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽˆƒ —Ž–›‹–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–Ȍǡ ͶȌ –ƒ‡ ƒ”‡‘ˆ•’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ”‡“—‡•–•–Šƒ–ƒ†‹––‡†•–—†‡–•ƒ›Šƒ˜‡ȋ˜‹•ƒ•ǡ‡– ǤȌ„‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡›ƒ””‹˜‡‹‘ŽŽ‡‰‡–ƒ–‹‘–‘•–ƒ”––Š‡‹”‡†— ƒ–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ †‹••‹‘• ƒ† ‡ ”—‹–‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡ ‡†• ‘ ‡ •–—†‡–• ƒ””‹˜‡ ‘ ƒ’—• ƒ† –Š‡ •–—†‡–• ƒ”‡ ”‡ˆ‡””‡† –‘ –Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ †˜‹•‘” ƒ– –Š‹• ’‘‹–Ǥ

Ǥ 

- –Š‡‡„‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ƒ”‡•‡Ž‡ –‡†„›–Š‡•ƒ‡’”‘ ‡†—”‡–Šƒ–‹•—•‡†ˆ‘” –Š‡‘–Š‡”ƒŒ‘”†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ ‘‹––‡‡• - ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ƒ‡• ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ‹”ƒ™ƒ”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡•ƒ†‘ˆ”‡•–”‹ –‹‘• –Šƒ–‡‡†–‘„‡–ƒ‡‹–‘ƒ ‘—–ˆ‘”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–ƒ†‹••‹‘•ƒ†”‡ ”—‹–‹‰ - ‘‹––‡‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ”Ž› ”‡’‘”–• –‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ– ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡‡–‹‰• ƒ„‘—– –Š‡ —””‡– •–ƒ–—• ‘ˆ ƒ†‹••‹‘•Ǣ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”• Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ”‡˜‹‡™ –Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†’”‘˜‹†‡‹’—–‘‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–•Ǣˆ‡‡†„ƒ ˆ”‘–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡‡†•–‘„‡ƒ††”‡••‡†„›–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ - ‘‹––‡‡ •‘Ž‹ ‹–• –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ •–—†‡–• ”‡“—‹”‡† „› –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– –Š”‡‡ –‹‡•†—”‹‰–Š‡”‡ ”—‹–‹‰•‡ƒ•‘ - ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†‹ˆ‘”•–Š‡ Šƒ‹”‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡‘ˆ–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡–ƒŽ”‡•‘—” ‡• ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ˆ‘”–Š‡ Žƒ••–‘„‡”‡ ”—‹–‡† - ‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ† ƒ† ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ †‹••‹‘• ƒ† ‡ ”—‹–‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡ Šƒ˜‡ ƒ ”‡˜‹‡™‡‡–‹‰–‘†‹• —••–Š‡Ž‹•–‘ˆ•–—†‡–•–‘™Š‘‘ˆˆ‡”•ƒ”‡ƒ†‡„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ ‘ˆˆ‡” Ž‡––‡”• ƒ”‡ •‡– ‘—–Ǣ –Š‡ ’—”’‘•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ”‡˜‹‡™ ‹• –‘ ‡•—”‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ‹‹–‹ƒŽ ‰—‹†‡Ž‹‡• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡† ƒ† –Šƒ– –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ ƒ†‹••‹‘•‹•‡“—ƒŽ–‘–Š‡ —„‡”‘ˆ’‘•‹–‹‘•–Šƒ––Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›‹•ƒ„Ž‡ƒ†™‹ŽŽ‹‰–‘•—’’‘”–Ǣ‹ˆ”‡˜‹•‹‘•‡‡† –‘ „‡ ƒ†‡ –‘ –Š‡ Ž‹•– –Š‡ –Š‹• •Š‘—Ž† „‡ †‘‡ †—”‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡˜‹‡™ ‡‡–‹‰ ƒ† ”‡“—‹”‡•ƒ ‘•‡•—•„›–Š‡‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†ƒ†„›–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡†‹••‹‘•ƒ† ‡ ”—‹–‹‰‘‹––‡‡ - –Š‡ Šƒ‹”‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡‹•”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡ˆ‘”ƒ•‹‰–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡‘‘”†‹ƒ–‘”ȋ•Ǥ Ǥ —„ƒ ‡Ȍ–‘•‡†‘—––Š‡ƒ†‹••‹‘•Ž‡––‡”•ƒ†™‘”•™‹–ŠŠ‡”‘‹••—‡•–Šƒ– ƒ› ‘‡—’†—”‹‰–Š‡ƒ†‹••‹‘•’”‘ ‡••ȋ˜‹•ƒ‹••—‡•ǡ‡– ǤȌ 

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Ǥ          

Š‡ƒ†‹••‹‘ˆ‘” ƒŽŽʹͲͲ͹‹•—•‡†ƒ•ƒ‡šƒ’Ž‡ǣ

ƒ›ʹͲͲ͸  ‘”–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡†‹••‹‘•ƒ†‡ ”—‹–‹‰‘‹––‡‡

‡– ˆ‡‡†„ƒ  ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ƒ„‘—– ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ •–—†‡– ‡‡†• ȋŠ ƒ†Ȍ

—‡”ʹͲͲ͸  ‹ƒŽ‹œ‡’Žƒ•ˆ‘” ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡†‹••‹‘•ƒ†‡ ”—‹–‹‰‡˜‡–•

ƒŽŽʹͲͲ͸  ‡ ‘ˆ‹”–Š‡‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–‡‡†•ˆ‘”ʹͲͲ͹

‡’ƒ”–‡– ‡ƒ†‹ˆ‘”•–Š‡ Šƒ‹”‘ˆ–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡†‹••‹‘•ƒ† ‡ ”—‹–‹‰‘‹––‡‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ•—’’‘”–‡†‘’‡‹‰•ˆ‘” ƒŽŽʹͲͲ͹Ǣ‹ˆ’‘••‹„Ž‡–Š‡–Š‹•—„‡”•Š‘—Ž†ƒ– Š–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ ‡‡†‡†‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–•

‘˜‡„‡”ʹͲͲ͸ ‘‘–Šƒ– Š•–—†‡– ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡–‘”‡ ”—‹–•–—†‡–•ˆ‘”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ • Š‘‘ŽȋƒŽ•‘ƒ†˜‡”–‹•‡–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒƒ––Š‡ ‘ˆ‡”‡ ‡Ȍ

ƒ—ƒ”›ʹͲͲ͹ ‡ ‘ˆ‹”–Š‡‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–‡‡†•ˆ‘”ʹͲͲ͹

ƒ‡ƒ†‹••‹‘†‡ ‹•‹‘‘ƒŽŽ•–—†‡–•Ƭ•‡†‘—–‹˜‹–ƒ–‹‘•ˆ‘” ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–”‡ ”—‹–‹‰™‡‡‡†–‘†‘‡•–‹ •–—†‡–•

ƒ‡ ‘ˆˆ‡”• ‹ „ƒ– Š‡•ǡ ’‡”Šƒ’• ͵ǡ •‘ –Šƒ– ™‡ †‘ ‘– ‘˜‡”Ǧ ‘‹– ”‡•‘—” ‡•Ǥ‘•‹†‡”Šƒ˜‹‰ˆ‹”•–„ƒ– Š†‡ ‹†‡„›͵ȀͳͷȀͲ͸–Š‡Žƒ–‡” ƒ†‹–•ȋ‹ˆ‡ ‡••ƒ”›Ȍ†‡ ‹†‡„›ͶȀͳƒ†–Š‡ͶȀͳͷ

‡„”—ƒ”›ǡʹǡʹͲͲ͹ ‡ ”—‹–‹‰ ™‡‡‡† ȋ•–—†‡–• ‘‡ ‹ ‘ ”‹†ƒ› ‹‰Š– Ƭ Ž‡ƒ˜‡ ‘ —†ƒ›Ǣ–Š‡”‡™‹ŽŽ„‡‘Ž›‘‡”‡ ”—‹–‹‰™‡‡‡†ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ•–—†‡–•Ȍ

ƒ” ŠͳͷǡʹͲͲ͹ ‡ƒ†Ž‹‡ˆ‘”ƒ ‡’–‹‰Ȁ”‡Œ‡ –‹‰‘ˆˆ‡”•ȋˆ‹”•–„ƒ– Š‘ˆƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–•Ȍ

’”‹ŽͳǡʹͲͲ͹ ‡ƒ†Ž‹‡ˆ‘”ƒ ‡’–‹‰Ȁ”‡Œ‡ –‹‰‘ˆˆ‡”•ȋ•‡ ‘†„ƒ– Š‘ˆƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–•Ȍ

’”‹ŽͳͷǡʹͲͲ͹ ‡ƒ†Ž‹‡ˆ‘”ƒ ‡’–‹‰Ȁ”‡Œ‡ –‹‰‘ˆˆ‡”•ȋ–Š‹”†„ƒ– Š‘ˆƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–•Ȍ

’”‹ŽȀƒ›ʹͲͲ͹ †‹–•–—†‡–•ˆ”‘„ƒ —’Ž‹•–ˆ‘””‡ƒ‹‹‰‘’‡‹‰•

—‡”ʹͲͲ͹ –—†‡–• ƒ””‹˜‡ ‘ ƒ’—•Ǣ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ †˜‹•‘” ‹• ‹ Šƒ”‰‡ ‘ˆ ‹ ‘‹‰•–—†‡–•ƒ––Š‹•’‘‹–

Ǥ 

- ™Š‹Ž‡ ‹– ‹• –Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡ǯ• –ƒ• –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ •‘‡ •–”— –—”‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ’”‘ ‡•• ‘ˆ ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ƒ†‹••‹‘•ƒ†”‡ ”—‹–‹‰ǡ‹–‹•—Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž›–Š‡”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆƒŽŽˆƒ —Ž–›

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‡„‡”•–‘’ƒ”–‹ ‹’ƒ–‡‹ƒ†‹••‹‘•ƒ†”‡ ”—‹–‹‰–‘•‘‡†‡‰”‡‡Ǣ–Š‹•‹ Ž—†‡•ǡ „—–‹•‘–Ž‹‹–‡†–‘ o ƒ––‡†‹‰–Š‡‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡•–—†‡–”‡ ”—‹–‹‰™‡‡‡† o ’”‘‘–‹‰‘—”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡’”‘‰”ƒ™Š‹Ž‡˜‹•‹–‹‰‘–Š‡”• Š‘‘Ž•‘”ƒ––‡†‹‰ ‡‡–‹‰• o ’‘••‹„Ž›”‡˜‹‡™‹‰•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘•‹Š‹•ȀŠ‡”ƒ”‡ƒ‘ˆ”‡•‡ƒ” Š o ’‘••‹„Ž›‰‹˜‹‰ȋƒ††‹–‹‘ƒŽȌ’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘•ƒ–‘–Š‡”• Š‘‘Ž•ˆ‘”–Š‡’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡”‡ ”—‹–‹‰ƒ†–‘•–”‡‰–Š‡–Š‡˜‹•‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ‘—”’”‘‰”ƒǤ - ˆƒ —Ž–›‡„‡”•ƒ”‡™‡Ž ‘‡–‘ƒ‡•—‰‰‡•–‹‘•ƒ„‘—–’‘••‹„Ž‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–•–‘–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡†‹••‹‘•ƒ†‡ ”—‹–‹‰‘‹––‡‡ - ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”• ƒ ƒ• –Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ †‹••‹‘• ƒ† ‡ ”—‹–‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡ –‘ •’‡ ‹ˆ‹ ƒŽŽ› ‘•‹†‡”ƒ•–—†‡–ˆ‘”ƒ†‹••‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”‰”‘—’•ǣ o –Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–—†‡–ǡ Ž‹‡ ƒ› ‘–Š‡” •–—†‡–ǡ ™‹ŽŽ „‡”‡˜‹‡™‡†„› ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡†‹••‹‘•ƒ†‡ ”—‹–‹‰‘‹––‡‡ƒ†ƒ†‡ ‹•‹‘‹•ƒ†‡„› ƒŒ‘”‹–›˜‘–‡ o –Š‡ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡” ƒ•‹‰ ˆ‘” ƒ†‹••‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‹• •–—†‡– Šƒ• –‘ ‘‹– –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‹‰ ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ ƒ‹† ƒ† Šƒ• –‘ •—’’Ž› ƒ ‘ˆˆ‡” ‘ˆ ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ‹†–‘–Š‡ •–—†‡– o –Š‡ƒ‘—–‘ˆˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽƒ‹†‘ˆˆ‡”‡†–‘–Š‡•–—†‡–Šƒ•–‘ƒ– Š–Š‡ˆ‹ƒ ‹ƒŽ ƒ‹†‘ˆˆ‡”‡†–‘‘–Š‡”•–—†‡–•ƒ†‹––‡†–‘–Š‡†‡’ƒ”–‡– - ‹‹—ƒ†‹••‹‘• ”‹–‡”‹ƒ–‘„‡—•‡†ƒ”‡ o ‘’Ž‡–‡ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ȋ‘ˆˆ‹ ‹ƒŽ –”ƒ• ”‹’–•ǡ  • ‘”‡•ǡ   • ‘”‡• ȋ‹ˆ ”‡“—‹”‡†ȌǡʹǦ͵Ž‡––‡”•‘ˆ”‡ ‘‡†ƒ–‹‘ǡ•–ƒ–‡‡–‘ˆ’—”’‘•‡Ȍ o  ˆ”‘ —†‡”‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ‹•–‹–—–‹‘ ‘ˆ ͵Ǥ͵ ȋ‡‡†• –‘ „‡ ‘˜‡”–‡† ˆ‘” ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–•ȌǢ –Š‹•  ”‡’”‡•‡–• –Š‡ ‹‹— ”‡“—‹”‡‡– –Šƒ– ƒ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ– •Š‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ –‘ „‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡† ˆ‘” ƒ†‹••‹‘ ™‹–Š‘—– ’‡–‹–‹‘ ‘ˆ ƒ ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”ǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ƒ  ‘ˆ ͵Ǥ͵ †‘‡• ‘– ‰—ƒ”ƒ–‡‡ ƒ†‹••‹‘‹–‘–Š‡’”‘‰”ƒƒ•–Š‡ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ–Š‡‹ ‘‹‰ Žƒ•••Š‘—Ž† „‡™‡ŽŽƒ„‘˜‡͵Ǥ͵ o  • ‘”‡• ‡‡† –‘ „‡ •—’’Ž‹‡† „› –Š‡ •–—†‡– „‡ˆ‘”‡ –Š‡ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ”‡˜‹‡™‡†Ǣ –Š‡ •–—†‡–•ǯ • ‘”‡• ƒ”‡ ˜‹‡™‡† ‹ –Š‡ ‘–‡š– ‘ˆ • ‘”‡• ˆ‘” •–—†‡–•ƒ†‹––‡†‹’”‡˜‹‘—•›‡ƒ”• o –Š‡ •–—†‡–ǯ• ƒ ƒ†‡‹  „ƒ ‰”‘—† •Š‘—Ž† ‡ƒ„Ž‡ –Š‡ –‘ •— ‡‡†‹‘—” ‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ ’”‘‰”ƒ ƒ† •Š‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡† Š‹ȀŠ‡” ™‹–Š •‹ŽŽ• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‘•–’ƒ”– ‘’ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡–‘–Š‘•‡‘ˆƒ Š‡‹ ƒŽ‡‰‹‡‡”‹‰‰”ƒ†—ƒ–‡Ǣ ‹ˆ ƒ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ ˆƒ‹Ž• –‘ ‡‡– –Š‹• ”‹–‡”‹‘ǡ „—– ‹• ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ ‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ ‡š ‡’–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ –Š‡ •–—†‡– ƒ „‡ ’Žƒ ‡† ‹–‘ –Š‡  ‹‡ ‡ ƒŒ‘””‘‰”ƒƒ•‘—–Ž‹‡†‹–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡–—†‡– ƒ†„‘‘Ǣ–Š‹•†‡ ‹•‹‘ ‹• ƒ†‡ „› –Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡ †‹••‹‘• ƒ† ‡ ”—‹–‹‰ ‘‹––‡‡ „› ƒ ƒŒ‘”‹–›˜‘–‡ƒ†‹–‹•†‡ ‹†‡†‹ ‘•—Ž–ƒ–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡ ”ƒ†—ƒ–‡†˜‹•‘”‘ ƒ ƒ•‡„› ƒ•‡„ƒ•‹•™Š‹ Š Žƒ••‡•–Š‡•–—†‡–‡‡†•–‘–ƒ‡–‘ƒ “—‹”‡–Š‡ ”‡“—‹”‡†•‹ŽŽ• o –Š‡ ‹‹— ƒ†‹••‹‘ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• ƒ”‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ˆ‘”  ƒ† Š ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–•Ǣ –Š‡ ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ “—ƒŽ‹ˆ‹ ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ†‹––‡† •–—†‡–• •Š‘—Ž† ˆƒ” ‡š ‡‡† –Š‡•‡ ‹‹— ƒ†‹••‹‘ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–•ǡ Š‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ˆƒ‹Ž‹‰ –‘ ‡‡– ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡”‡“—‹”‡‡–•™‹ŽŽŽ‡ƒ†–‘”‡Œ‡ –‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ’’Ž‹ ƒ–‹‘ - ˆƒ —Ž–› ‡„‡”• ƒ ’‡–‹–‹‘ ˆ‘” ƒ†‹••‹‘ ‘ˆ •–—†‡–• ™Š‘ †‘ ‘– ‡‡– ‘‡ ‘” ‘”‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹‹—ƒ†‹••‹‘• ”‹–‡”‹ƒǢ–Š‡’‡–‹–‹‘ ƒ„‡ƒ ‡’–‡†‘””‡Œ‡ –‡† „›–Š‡ ‘‹––‡‡˜‹ƒƒƒŒ‘”‹–›˜‘–‡ - –Š‡‡šƒ –‹‹—”‡“—‹”‡‡–••Š‘—Ž†„‡’‡”‹‘†‹ ƒŽŽ›”‡Ǧ‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†„›–Š‡ˆƒ —Ž–›

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APPENDIX B: Faculty Biosketches

146

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Mustafa Akbulut Assistant Professor

EDUCATION University of California, Santa Barbara, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 2006 Bogazici University, Turkey, B.S., Chemical Engineering and Chemistry

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Assistant EXPERIENCE Professor, 2009-Present OTHER RELATED EXPERIENCE-- TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, None PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL M. Akbulut, S. M D’Addio, M. E Gindy, R. K Prud’homme, “Novel methods of PUBLICATIONS OF targeted drug delivery: the potential of multifunctional nanoparticles”, LAST FIVE YEARS Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2009; 2(3); 265-282 M. Akbulut, P. Ginart, M. Gindy, C. Theriault, K. Chin, R. K. Prud’homme, “Generic method of preparing multifunctional fluorescent nanoparticles using Flash NanoPrecipitation”, Accepted, Adv. Func. Mater., 2009, 19 (5), Pages 718 - 725 (Featured on "Advances in Advance" page at www.afm- journal.de) M. Akbulut, B. Bechtloff, S. Koltzenburg, R.K. Prud’homme, “Flow-induced conformational changes in gelatin structure”, Langmuir, 2008; 24(17); 9636-9641 Y. Min, M. Akbulut, R. K. Prud’homme, Y. Golan, J. Israelachvili, “Frictional Properties of Surfactant-Coated Rod-Shaped Nanoparticles in Dry and Humid Dodecane”, Journal of Physical Chemistry , 2008, 112 (46), 14395- 14401 Y. Min, M. Akbulut, K. Kristiansen, Y. Golan, J. Israelachvili, “Role of interparticle and external forces on the assembly and properties of nanoparticle materials”, Nature Materials, 2008, 7, 527 - 538

SCIENTIFIC AND AIChE PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

147

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND Mitsubishi Chemical Distinguished Graduate Fellowship, 2005-2006 AWARDS Best experimental student poster, World Tribology Conference III, 2005 Art contest winner, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2004 “President of the Republic of Turkey Fellowship” recipient, Bogazici University, 1997-2001 “Municipal of Istanbul Fellowship” recipient, Bogazici Univeristy, 1998-1999

INSTITUTIONAL AND None PROFESSIONAL SERVICE IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

PROFESSIONAL None DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

PERCENTAGE OF 80% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM

148

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Perla B. Balbuena GPSA Professor

EDUCATION University of Texas at Austin, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1996 University of Pennsylvania, M.S.E., Chemical Engineering Universidad Tecnologica Nacional, Argentina, B.S., Chemical Engineering

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Materials Science and Engineering, Professor, 2006- EXPERIENCE Present; Chemical Engineering, Professor, 2004-Present. OTHER RELATED University of South Carolina, Associate Professor, 2002-2004; Assistant EXPERIENCE-- Professor, 1997-2002. TEACHING, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina, Assistant Professor, INDUSTRIAL, ETC. 1978-1994. Cornell University, School of Chemical Engineering, Visiting Scientist, 1990-1992.

CONSULTING, Consultant to UTC Power, 2006-2008 PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Gustavo Ramirez-Caballero and Perla B. Balbuena, “Effect of PUBLICATIONS OF confinement on oxygen adsorbed between Pt(111) surfaces,” J. Phys. LAST FIVE YEARS Chem. C,113, 7851-7856, (2009). Diego A. Gómez-Gualdrón and Perla B. Balbuena, “Growth of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of a cobalt cluster,” Nanotechnology, 20, 215601, (2009). .Jin Zhao and P. B. Balbuena, “Effect of nanotube cap on the aromaticity of single-wall carbon nanotubes,” J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 13175-13180, (2008). Z. Gu and P. B. Balbuena, “Chemical environment effects on the atomic oxygen absorption into Pt(111) surfaces,” J. Phys. Chem C., 111, 17388-17396, (2007). S. R. Calvo and P. B. Balbuena, "Density functional theory analysis of reactivity of PtxPdy alloy clusters,”Surf. Sci., 601, 165-171, (2007).

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society, PROFESSIONAL Electrochemical Society, Materials Research Society SOCIETIES

149

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND Invited Professor, Advisory Board of the Institute of Technology and Applied AWARDS Mechanics, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, 2007 GPSA Professorship, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2005 Young Investigator Award, University of South Carolina, 2002 NSF CAREER award, 1999 NSF-POWRE award, 1997

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2008-2009 Member, Faculty Search Committee PROFESSIONAL 2006-2008 elected Liaison Director, AIChE, Computational Molecular SERVICE IN THE LAST Science and Engineering Forum FIVE YEARS 2007 Member, Advisory Board, Institute of Technology and Applied Mechanics, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires 2006 Organizer & Session Chair, AIChE National Fall meeting Organizer & Session Chair, ECS National Fall meeting 2005-2006 Chair, Faculty Search Committee 2003-2004, 2006 Organizer, Computational Chemistry Symposium, Electrochemical Society 1997-2006 Session Chair and Co-Chair, Molecular Modeling sessions, AIChE Annual meetings 2005 Co-Organizer, Nanomaterials session, International Society of Theoretical Chemical Physics

PROFESSIONAL Theory-Guided Design of Nano-scale Multimetallic Catalysts for Fuel Cells, DEVELOPMENT DOE/BES, PI: PB Balbuena, 6/05-6/11, $1,200,000. ACTIVITIES IN THE Catalyst Decay Fundamentals: Molecular Modeling, DOE (subcontract to UTC LAST FIVE YEARS Power), PI: PB Balbuena, 7/07-4/10, $350,000. A Theory -Guided Approach to the Design of Molecular Sensing Devices and Systems, ARO/DTRA, PI: JM Seminario, 03/06-12/10, $1,750,000. REU Site: Chemical Engineering Approach to Biological and Materials Systems, NSF, PI: PB Balbuena, 03/06-02/10, $249,722. Modeling Catalyzed Growth of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes, DOE/BES. PI: PB Balbuena, 09/06-08/12, $630,000. Single Ionic Conducting Solid-State Electrolyte, Air Force Research Laboratory, PI: PB Balbuena, 3/05-7/08, $160,000.

PERCENTAGE OF 80% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% TIME COMMITTED TO 150 THE PROGRAM

ABET Faculty CV 9/7/2009 John T. Baldwin Senior Lecturer

EDUCATION Texas A&M University, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1968 Texas A&M University, M.S., Chemical Engineering, 1966 Texas A&M University, B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1964

PROFESSIONAL Senior Lecturer, Texas A&M University, 1995 to present EXPERIENCE Advisor for Lower Level Students, Texas A&M, 2005 - 2009 OTHER RELATED President and Principal, Process Information Technologies, 1995 - 2002 EXPERIENCE-- Technical Director and Director of Software Development, Heat Transfer TEACHING, Research, Inc. (HTRI) 1992 - 1995 INDUSTRIAL, ETC. Technology Chief for Process Engineering Computer Systems, The M. W. Kellogg Company, 1981 – 1992 Staff Engineer, Union Carbide Corp., 1968 – 1981.

CONSULTING, None PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL None PUBLICATIONS OF LAST FIVE YEARS

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

2007 Fluor Award for Meritorious Teaching. HONORS AND 2009 Texas A&M AIChE Student Chapter Advisor of the year. AWARDS 1999 Computing Practice Award of the Computing and System Technology

Division of the AIChE

INSTITUTIONAL AND Undergraduate Program Committee PROFESSIONAL Faculty Search Committee, TAMUQ SERVICE IN THE LAST Departmental Computer Committee FIVE YEARS

151

ABET Faculty CV 9/7/2009 PROFESSIONAL Study instruction in Qatar, 2009 DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

PERCENTAGE OF John T. Baldwin TIME AVAILABLE FOR 0% Senior Lecturer RESEARCH OR Ph.D., Texas A&M University, 1968SCHOLARLY M.S., Texas A&M University, 1966ACTIVITIES B.S., Texas A&M University, 1964 PERCENTAGE OF TIME COMMITTED 100% TO THE PROGRAM

152

ABET Faculty CV 8-17-2009 Jerry L. Bradshaw Senior Lecturer

EDUCATION Texas A&M University, B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1960

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Chemical Engineering, Sr. Lecturer and Director, EXPERIENCE 1994-Present; Lecturer and Director, 1989-1994.

OTHER RELATED Arabian Petrochemical Company, Jubail, Saudi Arabia (Seconded from Union EXPERIENCE-- Carbide Corp.), Vice President and General Manager Operations, 1985-1987. TEACHING, Union Carbide Corporation: INDUSTRIAL, ETC. Central Engineering- Manufacturing and Technology Services Division, Director of Operations Services, 1983 – 1985; Taft, LA Petrochemical Complex, Assistant Plant Manager, 1982-1983; Hydrocarbons Division, Raw Materials Manager, Houston, TX, 1979-1982; Taft LA No. 2 Olefins Unit, Department Head and Operating Representative, 1974-1979; Taft Plant Distribution Manager, 1973-1974; Taft Maintenance Department Head, 1972-1973; Ponce, Puerto Rico- Startup Engineer and Shift Manager, 1971-1972; Texas City- No. 3 Olefins Unit, Operations Coordinator, 1969-1971. Texas City- No. 3 Olefins Unit, Computer Control and Optimization Engineer, 1965-1969; Texas City No. 1 and No. 2 Olefins Units, Production Engineer, 1962-1965; U.S. Army- Fort Sill, Oklahoma- Second Lt., Artillery and Missile School- research engineer, 1961-1962 Texas City No. 1 Olefins Unit, Production Engineer, 1960-1961.

CONSULTING, Domestic and International Petrochemical Consultant to Union Carbide's PATENTS, ETC. Industrial Chemical Division, Polyolefins Division and International Petrochemical Division, 1987-1989.

STATE(S) IN WHICH Texas P.E. License No. 77296 REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL None PUBLICATIONS OF LAST FIVE YEARS

SCIENTIFIC AND Century Club Member and Class Agent- TAMU Association of Former Students, PROFESSIONAL Professional Member- American Society for Engineering Education SOCIETIES

153

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND Fluor- Distinguished Teaching Award, 2009 AWARDS TAMU Student Chapter of AIChE’s Advisor of the Year Award, 2006-2007 No.1 Screwball Award- Instrumentation Symposium for the Process Industries, 2006 (Honorary Award) TAMU Student Chapter of AIChE’s Faculty of the Year Award, 2003-2004 University level Faculty Distinguished Achievement Award in Teaching: Presented by the Association of Former Students, 1998 The Amoco Faculty Award for Teaching Excellence, 1998. Safety Excellence Award- TAMU Engineering Program, 1996 College of Engineering Distinguished Teaching Award: Presented by the Association of Former Students, 1995 TAMU AIChE Student Chapter’s Teacher of the Year Award, 1992-93, 1994-95, 1996-97, 1997-98. TAMU AIChE Student Chapter’s The DOW Excellence in Teaching Award, 1990-91.

INSTITUTIONAL AND Present Member, Safety Committee, College of Engineering PROFESSIONAL Member, University-Laboratory Safety Committee SERVICE IN THE LAST Chairman, Instrumentation Symposium for the Process FIVE YEARS Industries 1999-2009 Department Safety Officer, Dept. of Chemical Engineering

PROFESSIONAL Annual Engineering Ethics Seminar, Instrumentation Symposium DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

PERCENTAGE OF 0% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM

154

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Dragomir B. Bukur Professor and Holder of the Joe M. Nesbitt Professorship

EDUCATION University of Minnesota, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1974; M.S., Chemical Engineering, 1972 University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Diploma Ing., Chemical Technology, 1970

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Professor, 1987- EXPERIENCE Present; Associate Head for Departmental Programs, 2002-2005; Associate OTHER RELATED Head, 1998-2001; Associate Professor, 1981-1987. EXPERIENCE-- Texas A&M University at Qatar, Chemical Engineering Department, Professor, TEACHING, 2005-Present; Chemical Engineering Program Coordinator, 2006-2007. INDUSTRIAL, ETC. University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, Visiting Professor, 2002. North Carolina State University, Chemical Engineering Department, Visiting Professor, 1992. Mobil Research and Development Co., Senior Research Engineer, 1979-1980. University of Houston, Chemical Engineering Department, Research Associate, 1979-1980. University of Novi Sad, Yugoslavia, Assistant Professor, 1975-1978.

CONSULTING, None PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Bukur, D. B.,” Attrition studies with catalysts and supports for slurry phase PUBLICATIONS OF Fischer-Tropsch synthesis”, Catalysis Today, 106, 275-281 (2005). LAST FIVE YEARS Bukur, D. B., Lang X. and Nowicki, L. “Comparative Study of an Iron Fischer- Tropsch Catalyst Performance in Stirred Tank Slurry and Fixed-Bed Reactors”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44, 6038-6044 (2005). Bukur, D. B., Ma, W. P. and Carreto-Vazquez, V., “Attrition studies with precipitated iron Fischer-Tropsch catalysts under reaction conditions” Topics in Catalysis, 32, 135-141 (2005). Ma, W. P. Ding, Y., Carreto-Vazquez, V. and Bukur, D. B. “Study of catalytic performance and attrition strength of the Ruhrchemie catalyst for Fischer- Tropsch synthesis in a stirred tank slurry reactor”, Applied Catalysis A, 268, 99-108, 2004. Bukur, D. B., Ma, W. P., Carreto-Vazquez, V., Nowicki, L. and Adeyiga, A. A.,” Attrition Resistance and Catalytic Performance of Spray-Dried Iron Fischer- Tropsch Catalysts in a Stirred Tank Slurry Reactor” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 43, 1359-1365, 2004.

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES 155

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND Recipient of the Joe M. Nesbitt Professorship, Chemical Engineering, 2006 AWARDS Halliburton Professor, TAMU, 2003 Fellow, AIChE, 2000

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2009-Present Chair, FA-SC for CHEN, TAMUQ PROFESSIONAL Member, Engineering Promotion Committee, TAMUQ SERVICE IN THE LAST Member, Research Council, TAMUQ FIVE YEARS Member, Dean’s Distinguished Lecture Committee, TAMUQ 2008-Present Member, Faculty Senate, TAMUQ Member, Safety Committee, Chem. Engr., TAMUQ 2007-Present Member, Continuous Assessment & Improvement Committee, TAMUQ Chair, Strategic Planning Committee, TAMUQ Member, ABET Committee, TAMUQ 2008 Member, Academic Affairs Committee, TAMU Member, Faculty Senate, TAMU

PROFESSIONAL Reduction Behavior of Cobalt Catalysts for GTL Conversion, Qatar National DEVELOPMENT Research Fund. PI: D.B. Bukur , 06/08 – 06/09, $10,000. ACTIVITIES IN THE Activation Studies with Cobalt Catalysts for Gas-to-Liquid Conversion, Qatar LAST FIVE YEARS National Research Fund. PI: D.B. Bukur, 4/1/2008-3/31/2011, $744,999. Reactors and Catalysts for Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) and Coal-to-Liquids (CTL)

Technologies, Qatar National Research Fund (Undergraduate Research

Experience Program). PI: D.B. Bukur, 01/07-01/08, $9,000. Kinetics of Slurry Phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, U. S. Department of Energy, PI: D.B. Bukur, 9/30/2002-12/31/2006, $200,000. Kinetics of Slurry Phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on a Cobalt Catalyst, Qatar National Research Fund (National Priorities Research Program), PI: D.B. Bukur, Funded, $1,021,704.

PERCENTAGE OF 60% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM

156

ABET Faculty CV 12/22/2009 Tahir Çağın Professor

EDUCATION Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, Ph. D., Physics, 1988

Middle East Technical University, Ankara, M.S., Physics, 1983

Middle East Technical University, Ankara, B.S., Physics, 1981

PROFESSIONAL Professor, Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2005 to present EXPERIENCE Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M, 2007 to present OTHER RELATED Chair, Materials Science Engineering Program, TAMU, 2007 to present EXPERIENCE-- Director, Materials & Process Simulations Center, California Institute of TEACHING, Technology, 1995-2004 INDUSTRIAL, ETC. Director, Pasadena Research Center, 1990-1995

CONSULTING, None PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL C. Sevik, T. Cagin, “Assessment of thermoelectric performance of Cu ZnSnX , PUBLICATIONS OF 2 4 X=S, Se, Te,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 112105, 2009 LAST FIVE YEARS D. E. Yilmaz, C. Bulutay, T. Cagin, “Analysis of strain fields in Silicon

Nanocrystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 191914, 2009

C. Sevik, T. Cagin, “Structure and electronic properties of CeO , ThO and their 2 2 alloys,” Phys. Rev B. 80, 014108, 2009

J. A. Carvajal Diaz*, L. Liu, T. Çağın, “Structure and dynamics of water within

SW-CNTS and self-assembled cycle peptide nanotubes,” J. Comp. & Theo.

Nanoscience 6, 894-902, 2009

P.K. Maiti, Y.Y. Li, T. Çağın, W. A. Goddard, “Structure of PAMAM dendrimers

up to limiting generations: A mesoscopic description,” J. Chem. Phys. 130,

144902, 2009

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society, PROFESSIONAL Materials Research Society, American Physical Society. SOCIETIES

HONORS AND 1999 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology (Theory) AWARDS

157

ABET Faculty CV 12/22/2009

INSTITUTIONAL AND Departmental Promotion & Tenure Committee PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M Faculty Senate SERVICE IN THE LAST Faculty Search Committee, TAMU and TAMUQ FIVE YEARS

PROFESSIONAL Co-PI on NSF-IMI: Materials for Energy, Co-PI on NSF-IGERT Next- DEVELOPMENT generation Computational and Analytical Tools for Materials Science Project; ACTIVITIES IN THE member of TAMU Super Computing Steering Committee, development of LAST FIVE YEARS online interactive curriculum component on Molecular Simulations in Chemical and Materials Engineering. Development of a new graduate computational materials science and engineering course. Active participant of UNICEF UNISTAR/TOKTEN program. Lecturer: in Numerical Methods in

Condensed Matter Summer School, Mugla, Turkey (2005). Organizer and

Lecturer on Computational Condensed Matter Summer Schools (2007, 2009).

Organized and Lectured Computational Chemical EngineeringWorkshop, Bucaramanga (2006,2007).

PERCENTAGE OF 75% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM

158

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Zhilei Chen Assistant Professor

EDUCATION University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Ph.D., Biophysics and Computational Biology, 2006 East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, B.S., Physics, 2000

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Chemical Engineering, Assistant Professor, EXPERIENCE 2008-Present. OTHER RELATED EXPERIENCE-- TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, Chen, Z., and H. Zhao, “Compositions and Method for Detecting Endonuclease PATENTS, ETC. Activity” US Provisional patent, filed August, 2005 (US11/475,446).

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Chen, Z., Wen, F., Sun, N. and Zhao, H. “Directed Evolution of Homing PUBLICATIONS OF Endonuclease I-SceI with Altered Sequence Specificity.” Protein LAST FIVE YEARS Engineering, Design & Selection. 22, 249-256 (2009). Chen, Z. and Zhao, H. “Protein Design.” In Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing, (S. Lee, Ed.) pp. 2467-2477, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY (2006). Chen, Z. and Zhao, H. “A Highly Sensitive Selection Method for Directed Evolution of Homing Endonucleases.” Nucleic Acids Research, 33, e154 (2005). Chen, Z. and Zhao, H. “Rapid Creation of a Novel Protein Function by in vitro Coevolution.” Journal of Molecular Biology, 348, 1273-1282 (2005). Chockalingam, K., Chen, Z., Katzenellenbogen, J. A., and Zhao, H. “Directed Evolution of New Specific Receptor-Ligand Pairs for Use in the Creation of Gene Switches.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 5691-5696 (2005).

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineering, American Chemical Society PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

Eugene Rabinowitch Graduate Fellowship, 2006 HONORS AND Outstanding Student Oral Presentation Award in the 17th Annual Cell & AWARDS Molecular biology/Biophysics Symposium, 2004 Student Conference Travel Grant, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 2002-2003

159

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

INSTITUTIONAL AND Departmental Graduate Committee PROFESSIONAL SERVICE IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

PROFESSIONAL ABET Faculty CV None DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONAL AND ACTIVITIES IN THE LAST FIVE YEARSPROFESSION AL SERVICE IN THE LAST PERCENTAGE OF FIVE YEARS TIME AVAILABLE FOR PROFESSIONAL RESEARCH OR 80% SCHOLARLY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ACTIVITES IN THE

LAST FIVE YEARS PERCENTAGE OF TIME COMMITTED TO PERCENTAGE OF 100% THE PROGRAM TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM

160

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Zhengdong Cheng Assistant Professor

EDUCATION Princeton University, Ph. D., Condensed Matter Physics, 1999 Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China, M.S., Particle Physics, 1993 University of Science and Technology of China, B.S., Modern Physics, 1990

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Chemical Engineering, Assistant Professor, EXPERIENCE 2004-Present

CONSULTING, Consulting: served on the Reviewer Group for the Discovery Scholarship PATENTS, ETC. Award of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Saudi Arab). (July, 2008) Asphatene Aggregation in Petroleum Oil Mixtures Determined by Small Angle Light Scattering with T.G. Mason et al., ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company # US 6839137 (Jan. 2005) Formation and Control of Fluidic Species with D.R. Link, G. Cristobal, D.A. Weitz, M. Marquez, Harvard University # US 11246911 (July 2006)

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL “A new device for the generation of microbubbles and microfoams”, J.M. PUBLICATIONS OF Gordillo, Z. Cheng, M. Márquez and D.A. Weitz, Physics of LAST FIVE YEARS Fluids, 16, 2004, 2828 “Electric control of droplets in microfluidic devices”, D.R. Link, E.D. Graslasn- Mongrain, A. Duri, F. Sarrazin, Z. Cheng, G. Cristobal, M. Marquez, D.A. Weitz, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 45, 2006, 2556 “A Ternary Phase Diagram for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction Induced Mechanical Oscillation of intelligent PNIPAM colloids” S. Pullela , J. Shen, M. Marquez, Z. Cheng, J. Phys. Chem. A., 111, 2007, 12081 “Nucleation Rate Measurement of Colloidal Crystallization using Microfluidic Emulsion Droplets” T.Y. Gong, J.Y. Shen, Z.B. Hu, M. Marquez, and Z. Cheng, Langmuir, 23, 2007, 2919 “Uniform Discotic Wax Particle via Electrospray Emulsification” A. Mejia, P. He, D. Luo, M. Marquez and Z. Cheng, J. Colloid and Interface Science, 334, 2009, 22.

SCIENTIFIC AND AIChE, ACS, American Physical Society PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

HONORS AND Microfluidics research: appearance on the cover of Advance Functional AWARDS Materials, 2008 Colloidal crystallization research: appearance on the cover of Applied Optics, 2001 Research on colloidal crystals: appearance on the cover of Nature, 1999 Certificate from NASA in recognition of contribution to the successful Physics of Hard Sphere Experiment aboard of the Orbiter Columbia, STS-83 and STS-94 Microgravity Science Laboratory-1, 1997

161

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2009-2010 Coordinator, Departmental Lindsay Lecture Seminar Series PROFESSIONAL 2005-Present Member, Grad Students’ Dissertation/Qualification Comm SERVICE IN THE LAST 2008-2009 Member, Departmental Computer Committee FIVE YEARS Member, Departmental Awards (Publicity 2006-2008 Member, Undergraduate Committee Member, Graduate Committee 2007 Chair, American Physical Society Annual Meeting Chair, AIChE Spring National Meeting 2005-2006 Judge, Undergraduate Research Week 2006 Chair, 4th International Conference on Computing, Communications and Control Technologies Chair, 80th ACS Colloid and Surface Science Symposium 2005 Member, Graduate Student Recruiting Committee Member, Faculty Search Committee 2004-2005 Member, College of Engineering Faculty Committee (EFAC)

PROFESSIONAL NSF Sponsored workshop: Enhancement of Chemical Engineering Curricula DEVELOPMENT with Biological Applications, San Jose State university, San Jose, CA, 2007. ACTIVITIES IN THE Syllabus workshop, Spring 2005. LAST FIVE YEARS Teaching Portfolio workshop, 2004. “Micro Wax Disks: Fabrication and Characterization”, ACS Petroleum Research Fund, 7/2006 to 6/2008, Amount: $35,000 “INEST – Texas A&M University Research” with Manuel Marqueez (Co-PI, Kraft Food Global Inc. & PMUSA), I’NEST Group Interdisciplinary Network of Emerging Science & Technologies, New Technology Research Department, Research Center, PMUSA, 1/2006 to 12/2008, Amount: $1,500,000 (supporting 4 postdoc fellows for 2.5 year each and major equipment purchase for Cheng’s lab), $153,000 has been received in 5 years as gift to Texas A&M research foundation

PERCENTAGE OF 80% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF TIME COMMITTED TO 100% THE PROGRAM

162

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Mahmoud M. Professor and Holder of the McFerrin Professorship El-Halwagi

EDUCATION University of California, Los Angeles, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1990 Cairo University, M.S., Chemical Engineering, 1986; B.S., 1984

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Professor, 2002- EXPERIENCE Present; Associate Department Head for the Graduate Program, 2002-2006. OTHER RELATED Auburn University, Chemical Engineering Department, Professor, 1998-2002; EXPERIENCE-- Associate Professor, 1990-1994; Assistant Professor, 1990-1994. TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, Qatar, Egypt PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Lovelady, E. M. and M. M. El-Halwagi, “Design and Integration of Eco- PUBLICATIONS OF Industrial Parks”, Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 28(2), LAST FIVE YEARS pp. 265-272 (2009) Rabie, A. and M. M. El-Halwagi, “Synthesis and Scheduling of Optimal Batch Water-recycle Networks”, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 16 (3), 474-479, 2008 Ng, D. K. S., D. C. Y. Foo, A. H. Rabie, and M. M. El-Halwagi, “Simultaneous Synthesis of Property Based Reuse/Recycle and Interception Networks for Batch Processes”, AIChE J. 54(10), 2624-2632 (2008) El-Halwagi, M. M., “Review of Pinch Analysis and Process Integration: A User Guide on Process Integration for the Efficient Use of Energy”, AIChE J. 54(11), 3031 (2008) Shoaib, A. M., S. M. Aly, M. E. Awad, D. C. Y. Foo, and M. M. El-Halwagi, “A Hierarchical Approach for the Synthesis of Batch Water Networks”, Comp. Chem. Eng. 32(3), 530-539 (2008)

SCIENTIFIC AND AIChE PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

163

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND The Lockheed Martin Excellence in Engineering Teaching Award, 2009 AWARDS Student Led Award for Teaching Excellence (SLATE), 2009 The Flour Distinguished Teaching Award, 2008 Association of Former Students-College-Level Outstanding Teaching Award, TAMU, 2007-2008 AIChE Computing & Systems Technology Director Award for Best Posters, 2005 Best Speaker: PASI-CEPAC on Process Systems Engineering, 2005 Honorary Professor, Zagazig University, Egypt, 2003 The McFerrin Professorship, Chemical Engineering Dept., TAMU, 2002 The Walker Superior Teaching Award, School of Engr., Auburn University, 2002 The Outstanding Faculty Member Award, School of Engineering, Auburn University, 1991, 1993, 1995-1997,2002 Auburn University Senior Faculty Award, 2001 Favorite Educator of the Year, The Mortar Board National Society, 2000

INSTITUTIONAL AND Faculty Search Committee, TAMUQ PROFESSIONAL Departmental Awards Committee SERVICE IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

PROFESSIONAL 1. Byogy Renewables Inc., “Process Integration and Optimization of Value- DEVELOPMENT Added Biorefineries”, $150,000, 08/2008-08/2009, PI: M. El-Halwagi ACTIVITES IN THE 2. US Department o Education, “Distance Learning Modules on Product and LAST FIVE YEARS Process Design”, $199,000, 08/06-08/10, PI: M. El-Halwagi, co-PI: J. Froyd 3. National Science Foundation, “Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Curriculum Reform”, $997,391, Sept. 2005 – Sept. 2009, P.I. C. Glover (El- Halwagi is co-PI) 4. US Department of Energy, “High Tonnage Bioenergy Crop Production and Conversion into Conventional Fuels”, 06/2008- 05/2010, $980,000, PI: K Hall (El-Halwagi is a co-PI)

PERCENTAGE OF TIME AVAILABLE FOR 75% RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM

164

Gilbert Froment, Ph.D. Research Professor

Gilbert F. Froment received his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Gent, Belgium in 1957. He did post-doctoral work at the University of Darmstadt in Germany and the University of Wisconsin. In 1968 he became a full professor of Chemical Engineering in Gent and started the “Laboratorium voor Petrochemische Techniek” that became world known. In 1998 he joined the Chemical Engineering Department of Texas A & M University as a Research Professor.

Dr. Froment is a member of the Belgian Academy of Science, the Belgian Academy of Overseas Science, a Foreign Associate of the United States National Academy of Engineering and a member of the Texas Academy of Medicine, Science and Engineering. He is a Doctor Honoris Causa of the Technion, Haifa, Israel, of the Universidad Nacional de Salta in Argentina and of the University of Nancy, France.

He has directed the work of 68 Ph.D. students and published some 350 scientific papers in international journals. He presented more than 300 seminars in Universities and at International Symposia His book entitled Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design (with K.B.Bischof-Publ.J.Wiley, N.Y., 2nd Ed.1990) is used in graduate courses all over the world and was translated into Chinese. The 3rd and completely revised Edition will be published in 2010.

He received the prestigious R. H. Wilhelm Award for Chemical Reaction Engineering from the AIChE in 1978, was the first awardee of the scientific Villermaux-Medal from the European Federation of Chemical Engineering in 1999 and received the 2007 Amundson Award for Chemical Reaction Engineering.

In his present position at Texas A & M University Dr. Froment directs research of Ph.D. students and postdoctoral associates on Chemical Reaction Engineering aspects of Hydrocarbon Processing in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry.

He has intensively consulted for the world’s major petroleum- and (petro)chemical companies.

Select Publications

-Rogelio Sotelo-Boyas and Gilbert F. Froment” Fundamental Kinetic Modeling of Catalytic Reforming”-Ind.Eng.Chem.Res,(2009)48(3),1107-1109.

-Won Jae Lee, G.F. Froment “Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation into Styrene. Kinetic Modeling and Reactor Simulation”. Ind Eng.Chem.Res (2008),47,9183-9194.

-Bo Wang ,G.F. Froment and D.W. Goodman,”CO-free hydrogen production via dehydrogenation of a Jet A hydrocarbon mixture”-Journal of Catalysis 253(2008)239-243.

-Bo Wang, D.W. Goodman and G.F. Froment, ”Kinetic Modeling of Pure Hydrogen Production from Decalin”- Journal of Catalysis, 253 (2008) 229-238.

165

- Kumar H., Froment G.F. “Mechanistic Kinetic Modeling of the Hydrocracking of Complex Feedstocks such as Vacuum Gas Oils”-Ind.Eng.Chem.Res, 46 (18) 5881-5897, 2007

-Hans Kumar and Gilbert F. Froment, “A Generalized Mechanistic Kinetic Model for the Hydroisomerization and Hydrocracking of Long Chain Paraffins”, Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.- 2007, 46,4075-4090

- Jorge. M. Martinis and Gilbert F Froment, ”Solid Acid Alkylation. Part II Single-Event Kinetic Modeling”, Ind.Eng.Chem.Res ,2006, 45,954-967.

-Jorge M. Martinis and Gilbert F Froment, “Solid Acid Alkylation. Part I. Experimental Investigation of Catalyst Deactivation“ Ind.Eng.Chem.Res,2006, 45, 940-953.

-Bo Wang and Gilbert F. Froment, “Kinetic Modeling and Simulation of the Selective Hydrogenation of the C3-Cut of a Thermal Cracking Unit” Ind.Eng.Chem.Res, 2005, 44, 9860- 9867

- Saeed M. Alwahabi and Gilbert F. Froment, “Single Event Kinetic Modeling of the Methanol-to- Olefins Process on SAPO-34” Ind.Eng.Chem.Res,(2004), 43, 5098-5111.

- Saeed M. Alwahabi and Gilbert F. Froment, “Conceptual Reactor Design for the Methanol-to- Olefins Process on SAPO-34” Ind.Eng.Chem.Res,(2004),43,5112-5122.

- Moustafa T.M. and Froment G.F.,” Kinetic Modeling of Coke Formation and Deactivation in the Catalytic Cracking of Vacuum Gas Oil” Ind.Eng.Chem.Res. (2003) 42, 14-25.

166

ABET Faculty CV 12/22/2009 Charles J. Glover Professor

EDUCATION Rice University, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1975 University of Virginia, B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1968

PROFESSIONAL Professor, Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 1989-Present EXPERIENCE Texas A&M University, Associate Head of Undergraduate Programs, Artie OTHER RELATED McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, 2002-2005; 2006-2007. EXPERIENCE-- TEES/TTI, Director, Center for Asphalt and Materials Chemistry, 1997-2008; TTI TEACHING, to present. INDUSTRIAL, ETC. University of Nevada, Reno, Consultant, Thermal Cracking Program, 2007-present.

CONSULTING, None PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH Texas REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Prapaitrakul N., Jin X., Han R., and Glover, C. J. “A Transport Model of Asphalt PUBLICATIONS OF Binder Oxidation in Pavements,” Road Materials and Pavement Design, 10 LAST FIVE YEARS (Special Issue), 95-113 (2009) Woo, W. J., Chowdhury, A., and Glover, C. J. “Field Aging of Unmodified Asphalt Binder in Three Texas Long-Term Performance Pavements,” Transp. Res. Rec., 2051, 15-22 (2008) Walubita, L.F., Epps Martin, A., Glover, C.J., Jung, S.H., Cleveland, G.C., Lytton, R.L, and Park, E.S., “Application of the Calibrated Mechanistic Approach with Surface Energy (CMSE) Measurements for Fatigue Characterization of Asphalt Mixtures,” J. Assoc. of Asphalt Paving Technol., 75, 457-490 (2006) Al-Azri, N.A.., Jung, S.H., Lunsford, K.M., Ferry, A., Bullin, J.A., Davison, R.R., and Glover, C.J., “Binder Oxidative Aging in Texas Pavements: Hardening Rates, Hardening Susceptibilities, and the Impact of Pavement Depth,” Transp. Res. Rec., 1962, 12-20 (2006)

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers PROFESSIONAL Society of Petroleum Engineers, Society of Rheology, Sigma Xi, Tau Beta Pi, SOCIETIES Alpha Chi Sigma

167

ABET Faculty CV 12/22/2009

HONORS AND ConocoPhillips Faculty Fellow for 2005-2006 AWARDS TxDOT Project 0-1742 “Improved HMAC Plant Binder Aging Simulation” selected as a Top Innovation for 2001 TEES Fellows Award, 2001, 2002 Tenneco Award for Meritorious Teaching of Engineering, 2000 Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished memberCharles Glover Listed in Who's Who inProfessor Engineering, Who's Who in Technology Ph.D., Rice University, 1975 INSTITUTIONAL AND 2000-2008 Transportation Research Board: Member, Committee B.S., University of Virginia, 1968PROFESSIONAL A2D01, Characteristics of Bituminous Materials, 2000- SERVICE IN THE LAST 2004 FIVE YEARS Committee AFK20 (number change only), 2004-2008. Chair, Subcommittee on Asphalt Oxidative Aging, 2003- 2008

1993-2007 Western Research Institute Asphalt Research Program, Advisory Board Member 2008-2009 Undergraduate Advisor: 2008-2009; Mentor 2009-present 2006-2007 Assoc. Head of Undergraduate Prog, Chemical Engineering Department 2005-2007 Department Chair, Tenure and Promotion Committee 2005-2007 College of Engineering Tenure and Promotion Committee Member 2005-2006 College of Engineering Awards committees (Crawford Service Award, AFS University Level Nominations, Montague Center for Teaching Excellence Scholars

Federal Highway Administration (subcontract from Western Research Institute to the PROFESSIONAL Asphalt Research Consortium), Task on Binder Aging and Fatigue: approx. $1,000,000, DEVELOPMENT 4/1/07-12/31/11; Project Co-PI: Little, D.N., Task Leader: Glover, C.J. ACTIVITIES IN THE Texas Department of Transportation, “Evaluation of Binder Aging and Its Influence in LAST FIVE YEARS Aging of Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete,” $1,278,498, 9/1/07-8/31/12; PI: Glover, C.J., Co- PI: Epps Martin, A. National Science Foundation, “Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Curriculum

Reform,” $997,391, 9/1/05-8/31/08, PI: Glover, C. J., Co-PIs: Ford, D., Yurttas, L., Osborne-Lee, I.

Selected Publications Texas Department of Transportation, “Analyze Existing Fog Seal Asphalts and Additives,” $244,328, 9/1/04-8/31/06; PI: Freeman, T., Co-PI: Glover, C.J.

Mercado, E., EppsPERCENTAGE OF Martin, A., Park, E.S., Spiegelman, C., Glover, C.J., “Factors Affecting Binder TIME AVAILABLE FOR 60% Properties RESEARCH OR Between Production and Construction,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, SCHOLARLY 17(1), 89-98 (2005). ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% Walubita, L.F., A. Epps Martin, C. J. Glover, S. H. Jung, G. TIME COMMITTED TO S. Cleveland, and R. L. Lytton, “Fatigue THE PROGRAM 168

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Juergen Hahn Associate Professor

EDUCATION University of Texas at Austin, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 2002; M.S., Chemical Engineering, 1998 RWTH Aachen, Germany, Diploma, Chemical Engineering, 1997

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Associate EXPERIENCE Professor, 2009-Present; Assistant Professor, 2003-2009

CONSULTING, None PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Z. Huang, F. Senocak, A. Jayaraman, and J. Hahn. Integrated Modeling and PUBLICATIONS OF Experimental Approach for Determining Transcription Factor Profiles from LAST FIVE YEARS Fluorescent Reporter Data. BMC Systems Biology 2:64 (2008). Y. Chu and J. Hahn. Integrating Parameter Selection with Experimental Design under Uncertainty for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems. AIChE Journal 54, No. 9, pp. 2310-2320 (2008). Y. Chu, A. Jayaraman, and J. Hahn. Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of IL-6 Signaling Pathways. IET Systems Biology 1, No. 6, pp. 342-352 (2007). A.K. Singh, A. Jayaraman, and J. Hahn. Modeling Regulatory Mechanisms in IL- 6 Signal Transduction in Hepatocytes. Biotechnology & Bioengineering 95, No. 5, pp. 850-862 (2006). A.K. Singh and J. Hahn. Sensor Location for Stable Nonlinear Dynamic Systems: Multiple Sensor Case. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 45, No. 10, pp. 3615-3623 (2006).

SCIENTIFIC AND AIChE, IEEE PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

HONORS AND Ray Nesbitt Professor I AWARDS Keller Faculty Fellowship, 2008 Brockett Professorship, 2008 CPC 7 Outstanding Contributed Paper Award, 2006 Outstanding Reviewer, Automatica, 2005, 2006, 2007 Best Referee Award, Journal of Process Control, 2004 William S. Livingston Graduate Fellowship, 2001

169

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2007-Present Associate Editor, Journal Control Engineering Practice PROFESSIONAL 2006-Present Chair, departmental Graduate Admission committee SERVICE IN THE LAST 2004, 2006-Present Member, departmental Graduate Committee FIVE YEARS 2009 Member, International Program Committee, Conference of Foundations of Systems Biology 2008 Member, International Program Committee, Conference of Advanced Control of Industrial Processes 2006 Member, International Program Committee, Conference of International Symposium on Advanced Control of Chemical Processes

PROFESSIONAL “Development of Novel Gas-to-Liquid Technology in Near-Critical and DEVELOPMENT Supercritical Phase Media,” Nimir Elbashir (PI), Mahmoud El- ACTIVITIES IN THE Halwagi, Juergen Hahn, Qatar National Research Fund, competitive LAST FIVE YEARS & peer-reviewed, 06/2009 to 05/2012, $1,049,847 “Determining sets of parameters to be estimated for nonlinear model

predictive control,” Juergen Hahn (PI), Petroleum Research Fund,

Type AC, competitive & peer-reviewed, 05/2008 to 08/2010, $100,000 “SGER: Experimental Design for Estimating Process Parameters,” Juergen Hahn (PI), National Science Foundation, SGER, competitive, 03/2007 to 02/2008, $63,689 “Process Synthesis, Modeling, and Integration of Alternatives for Polymer Devolatilization,” Mahmoud El-Halwagi (PI), Juergen Hahn, Kenneth R. Hall, DOW Chemical Company, 11/2006 to 10/2009, $135,000 “Modeling and analysis of a hybrid stainless steel still for separation of a

mixture of long chain fatty acid esters,” Juergen Hahn (PI), Pope

Scientific, Inc., 08/2006 to 10/2006, $10,000 PERCENTAGE OF TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR 80% SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF TIME 100% COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM

170

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Mariah S. Hahn Assistant Professor

EDUCATION Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ph. D., Electrical Engineering, 2004 Stanford University, M.S., Electrical Engineering, 2001 University of Texas, B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1998

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Assistant EXPERIENCE Professor, 2005-Present; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Adjunct OTHER RELATED Professor, 2005-Present. EXPERIENCE-- TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, None PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL D. Munoz-Pinto, A. Bulick, M.S. Hahn. Uncoupled Investigation of Scaffold PUBLICATIONS OF Modulus and Mesh Size on Smooth Muscle Cell Behavior. J Biomed Mater LAST FIVE YEARS Res A. 90(1):303-16 (2009). D. Munoz-Pinto, X. Qu, M.S. Hahn. Lamina Propria Cellularity and Collagen Composition: An Integrated Assessment of Structure in Humans. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 118(4):299-306 (2009). A. Bulick, D. Munoz-Pinto, M. Mani, D. Cristancho, M. Urban, M.S. Hahn. Impact of Endothelial Cells and Mechanical Conditioning on Smooth Muscle Cell Extracellular Matrix Production and Differentiation. Tissue Engineering. 15(4):815-25 (2009). H. Liao, D. Munoz-Pinto, X. Qu, Y. Hou, M. Grunlan, M.S. Hahn. Influence of Hydrogel Mechanical Properties and Mesh Size on Vocal Fold Fibroblast Extracellular Matrix Production. Acta Biomaterialia. 4(5): 1161-71 (2008). Y.Hou, A.R. Matthews, A.M. Smitherman, A.S. Bulick, M.S Hahn, H. Hou; A. Han, M.A. Grunlan. Thermoresponsive Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Cell-Releasing Behavior. Biomaterials. 29(22): 3175-84 (2008).

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Society of Engineering PROFESSIONAL Education, Biomedical Engineering Society, Society for Biomaterials SOCIETIES

171

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND ASEE GSW Young Faculty Award, 2009 AWARDS TEES Young Faculty Award, 2009 ACS PROGRESS/Dreyfus Lectureship Award, 2008 National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship, 1999-2002 John Linvill Fellowship, 2000 Jodie Isenhower Presidential Scholarship, 1997 National Science Scholar, 1995

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2009 Session Co-Chair, SFB Annual Meeting PROFESSIONAL 2008 Chair, AIChE Women’s Initiative Committee SERVICE IN THE LAST Session Chair, AIChE Annual Meeting FIVE YEARS 2007 Vice Chair, AIChE Women’s Initiative Committee Session Chair, AIChE Annual Meeting 2006 Session Chair, BMES Annual Meeting Reviewer for Advances Materials, Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering and Biotechnology, AHA, PRF, and NIH

PROFESSIONAL Systematic tissue engineering-based evaluation of material implants for DEVELOPMENT restoration of scarred vocal fold lamina propria, NIH/NIDCD R03. ACTIVITIES IN THE PI: Mariah S. Hahn, 12/01/2007-11/31/2010, $206,658. LAST FIVE YEARS In vitro platform for the systematic investigation of scaffold properties on TEVG outcome, AHA National Scientist Development Award, PI: Mariah S. Hahn, 01/01/2008-12/31/2011, $308,000. Novel PDMSstar-PEO hydrogels for vascular tissue engineering, NIH/NHLBI R21, Joint PI: Mariah S. Hahn, 08/01/2008-07/31/2010, $192,101 Design and in-vitro characterization of Ni-free biocompatible shape memory alloys, NSF-CBET, Bioengineering, Co-PI: Mariah S. Hahn, 09/01/2007- 08/31/09, $185,148 Materials world network: U.S.-Japan research collaboration in meta-magnetic shape memory alloys with enhanced ductility and controlled porosity, NSF- DMR, Metals and Metallic Nanostructure, Co-PI: Mariah S. Hahn, 03/01/2009, $104,457

PERCENTAGE OF 80% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM

172

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Kenneth R. Hall Professor and Jack E. and Frances Brown Chair

EDUCATION University of Oklahoma, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1967 University of California, M.S., Chemical Engineering, 1964 University of Tulsa, B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1962

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Senior Associate Dean for Research, 2008-Present; EXPERIENCE Chemical Engineering Department, Professor, 1978-Present. Chemical OTHER RELATED Engineering Department, Department Head, 2002-2006. EXPERIENCE-- Texas Engineering Experiment Station (TEES), Texas A&M System, Deputy TEACHING, Director, 2008-Present; Associate Director, 1988-1989, 2008-2009. INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, National Bureau of Standards, ARCO, Shell Oil Co., Dow Chemical Co., PATENTS, ETC. OPC Engineering, Quantum Technology, Precision Measurement, Lorax, Ariel Corp., Sparta, Synfuels, Union Texas, Byogy, Various as expert witness Proportional flow sampler: 4,446,748 Channeled plug proportional flow sampler; 4,527,435 Method and apparatus for measuring the flowrate of compressible fluids; 4,562,744 Method of producing a silicon film with micropores; 4,801,380 Slotted orifice flowmeter; 5,295,397 and 5,461,932 Method and apparatus for in situ calibration of gas flowmeters, 6,055,846 Process for converting natural gas into hydrocarbon liquids; 6,130,260 Method for converting natural gas into liquid hydrocarbons; 6,323,247 Multiple phase meter; 6,345,536 B1 Multiple-Phase Flow Meter; 6,422,092 B1 Method for converting natural gas into liquid hydrocarbons; 6,602,920 B2 Method for converting natural gas into olefins; 7,119,240 B2 Method for converting natural gas into liquid hydrocarbons; 2002258486 (Australia)

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Calculation of homogeneous azeotropes in reactive and nonreactive mixtures PUBLICATIONS OF using a stochastic optimization approach, J. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 281, LAST FIVE YEARS 22-31 (2009); with A. BONILLA-PETRICIOLET, G.A. Iglesias-Silva. Temperature dependence of the oregonator model for the Belousov- Zhabotinksy reaction, Phys Chem Chem Phys, 11, 4236-4243 (2009); with S.R. PUELLA, D.A. Cristancho, P. he, D Luo, Z. Cheng. An effective calculation procedure for two-phase equilibria in multireaction systems, J. Fluid Phase Eqm., 269, 48-55 (2008); with G.A. Iglesias-Silva. A new, game-changing process converts gas to liquids or ethylene, World Oil, 229, 123-126, April (2008); with B.R. Weber, Jr. Densities and viscosities of MTBE + n-nonane or n-decane at p = 0.1 MPa from (273.15 to 363.15) K, JCED, 53, 288-292 (2007); with D. LANDAVERDE- CORTES, M. Ramos-Estrada, G.A. Iglesias-Silva. 173

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society, PROFESSIONAL American Society for Engineering Education, ASTM, American Gas Association SOCIETIES

HONORS AND Charles W. Crawford Service Award (Engineering Program), 2009 AWARDS Visiting Professor (Honorary), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Columbia, 2006-Present Fellow, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2002-Present Jack E. and Frances Brown Chair, Texas A&M University, 2001-Present TAMUS Regents’ Professor, Texas A&M University System, 1999-Present South Texas AIChE Best Fundamental Paper Award, Houston, 1987, 2003, 2007 GPSA Endowed Professorship, Texas A&M University, 1997-2001 AIChE Institute Award for Excellence in Industrial Gases Technology, 2000 Dresser Industries Award (Engineering Program), 1997 Donald L. Katz Award, Gas Processors Association (Nat’l), 1997 E.D. Brockett Professor (Engineering Program), 1996 Faculty Distinguished Achievement Award in Research (ASF), 1996 TEES Senior Fellow (Engineering Program), 1995 Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (Nat’l), 1990 Halliburton Professor (Engineering Program), 1984 TEES Fellow (Engineering Program), 1982, 1983 General Dynamics Teaching Award (Engineering Program), 1981 Outstanding Teaching Award, Engineers Joint Council (Engineering Program), 1980

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2009-Present Board of Directors, Synfuels International PROFESSIONAL 2008-Present Board of Directors, AgFutureEngery, LLC. SERVICE IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

PROFESSIONAL More than sixty grants and contracts totaling over $19 million since locating at DEVELOPMENT Texas A&M in 1974. Sponsors include: NSF, NBS, NIST, GPA, GRI, API, PRF, ACTIVITIES IN THE Shell, AMOCO, Sundstrand, Sohio, AGA, TEES, State of Texas, Savant, DARPA, LAST FIVE YEARS DOE.

PERCENTAGE OF 20% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 10% TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM 174

ABET Faculty CV

7/1/2009

Mark T. Holtzapple Professor

EDUCATION University of Pennsylvania, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1981 Cornell University, B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1978

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Chemical Engineering, Professor, 2004-Present; EXPERIENCE Chemical Engineering, Associate Professor, 1991-1998; Chemical Engineering, OTHER RELATED Assistant Professor, 1986-1991. EXPERIENCE-- Tufts University, Lecturer, 1983-1985

Mark T. Holtzapple, Gary P. Noyes, George A. Rabroker, Jet ejector system CONSULTING, and method, U.S. Patent 7,328,591 (February 12, 2008). PATENTS, ETC. Mark T. Holtzapple, Gary P. Noyes, Vapor-compression evaporation system and method, U.S. Patent 7,251,944 (August 7, 2007). M.T. Holtzapple, G.A. Rabroker, Gerotor apparatus for a quasi-isothermal Brayton cycle engine, U.S. Patent 7,186,101 (March 6, 2007). Mark T. Holtzapple, Richard Davison, G. Andrew Rabroker, Vapor-compression evaporative air conditioning systems and components, U.S. Patent 7,093,455 (August 22, 2006). M.T. Holtzapple, G.A. Rabroker, T.J. Beck, M. Ehsani, M.W. Whiteacre, M.K. Ross, G.P. Noyes, Gerotor apparatus for a quasi-isothermal brayton cycle engine, U.S. Patent 7,008,200 (March 7, 2006).

None STATE(S) IN WHICH REGISTERED M. T. Holtzapple, C. B. Granda, Carboxylate Platform: The MixAlco Process Part PRINCIPAL 1:Comparison of Three Biomass Conversion Platforms. Biochem. PUBLICATIONS OF Biotechnol., 156, 525–536 (2009). LAST FIVE YEARS C. B. Granda, M. T. Holtzapple, G. Luce, K. Searcy, D. L. Mamrosh, Carboxylate Platform: The MixAlco Process Part 2:Process Economics Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 156, 537–554 (2009). R. Sierra, C. Granda, M. T. Holtzapple, Short-term lime pretreatment of poplar wood, Biotechnology Progress, 25 (2), 323 – 332 (2009). J.R. Lara, G. Noyes, M.T. Holtzapple. An investigation of high operating temperatures in mechanical vapor-compression desalination, Desalination, 227(1-3), 217 – 232 (2008). R. Sierra, A. Smith, C. Granda, M.T. Holtzapple, Producing fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass, Chemical Engineering Progress, 104(8), S10 – S18 (2008).

American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society, SCIENTIFIC AND American Society for Engineering Education, International Horn Society, Sigma PROFESSIONAL Xi, Tau Beta Pi, Omega Chi Epsilon SOCIETIES

175

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND Commercialization Rising Star Award, Research Valley Partnership, 2008 AWARDS Professor of the Year, AIChE Student Chapter, 2008 Chevron Faculty Fellow, 2008 Halliburton Professorship Award for Excellence in Teaching and Research, 2008 Excellence in Innovation Award, Texas A&M University, 2007 Walston Chubb Award for Innovation, Sigma Xi, 2006 Top 100 Energy Technology, New Energy Mark Holtzapple Congress, 2006 McGraw-Hill Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Group's First Edition of the Professor Year Award, 2006 Texas A&M University Distinguished Lecture, 2006 Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1981

B.S., Cornell University, 1978INSTITUTIONAL AND President , Sigma Xi, Texas A&M Chapter PROFESSIONAL Departmental P&T Committee Chair SERVICE IN THE LAST Associate Head for Undergraduate Programs FIVE YEARS

PROFESSIONAL “Breaking the Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol: A Novel Approach to DEVELOPMENT Addressing Cellulose Crystallinity and Conversion Efficiency,” Qteros, Mark ACTIVITIES IN THE Holtzapple (PI), Jan 09 – May 09, $30,200. LAST FIVE YEARS “Conversion of MixAlco Products into Hydrocarbons: Addressing Commercial Issues,” Terrabon, Mark Holtzapple (PI), Oct 08 – Dec 08.

“Desalination Research,” American Water Gift, 2009, $25,000. “Development and Evaluation of Leading Biomass Pretreatment Technologies for Biological Conversion of Switchgrass to Ethanol,”DOE, Sep 07 – Dec 11, $144,000. “Demonstration of the Commercial Feasibility of Anaerobic Fermentation of Biomass for the Production of Carboxylate Salts and their Conversion to Ketones,” DOE/USDA, Mark Holtzapple (PI), Jul 08 – Jul 11, $600,000.

PERCENTAGE OF 70% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR

SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% TIME COMMITTED TO Selected THE PROGRAM Publications

J.R. Lara, G. Noyes, M.T. Holtzapple. An investigation of high operating temperatures in mechanical vapor-compression desalination, Desalination, 227(1-3), 217 – 232 (2008).

176

ABET F aculty CV 7/1/2009 Arul Jayaraman Assistant Professor

EDUCATION University of California, Irvine, Ph.D., Biochemical Engineering, 1998 Tufts University, M.S., Biochemical Engineering, 1994 Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India, B.E., Chemical Engineering, 1992; M.S., Physics, 1992

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Assistant EXPERIENCE Professor, 2004-Present. OTHER RELATED Shriners Burns Hospital, Scientific Staff, 2002-2004. EXPERIENCE-- Harvard Medical School, Instructor in Surgery (Bioengineering), 2001-2004. TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, None PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Kim, J., Hegde, M. and Jayaraman, A. “Co-culture of bacteria and epithelial PUBLICATIONS OF cells for investigating signal-mediated interactions in the GI tract”. LAST FIVE YEARS Accepted Lab Chip (2009). Hegde, M*., Wood, T. K. and Jayaraman, A. “The neuroendocrine hormone norepinephrine increases Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 virulence through the las quorum sensing pathway”. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Epub ahead of print June 11, 2009. Huang, J. H., Kim, J*., Agrawal, N., Sudarsan, A., Maxim, J., Jayaraman, A#. and Ugaz, V#. “Rapid fabrication of branched 3-D microvascular networks using electric discharge”. Advanced Materials 21: 1-5 (2009). #: Joint corresponding authors. Englert, D. L*., Manson, M. D. and Jayaraman, A. “Using a microfluidic device to investigate interactions between signaling molecules on Escherichia coli chemotaxis”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 75: 4557-64 (2009). Newton*, B., Russell, W. K., Russell, D. H., Ramaiah, S. K. and Jayaraman, A. “Liver proteome analysis in a rodent model of alcoholic steatosis”. Journal of Proteome Research. Feb 5 Epub ahead of print (2009).

SCIENTIFIC AND Biochemical Technology Division in American Chemical Society, American PROFESSIONAL Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Society of Microbiology SOCIETIES

177

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND NSF CAREER award, 2009 AWARDS Ray Nesbitt Professorship I, 2009 Hae-Kwon Jeong UC Regents Dissertation Fellowship, University of California, Irvine, 1998 Assistant Professor School of Engineering Dean’s Teaching Fellowship, University of California, Irvine, 1994 PhD in Chem. Eng., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2004 MS INSTITUTIONAL AND in Physics, EFAC Representative University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 2004 MS PROFESSIONAL in Chem. Graduate Recruiter Eng., Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, 1997 BS in Chem. Eng., Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, 1995SERVICE IN THE LAST Departmental Graduate Committee FIVE YEARS

PROFESSIONAL ⎯ “Development of a microfluidics-based platform for screening DEVELOPMENT combinatorial drug treatments”, Arul Jayaraman (PI), The National Our research group focuses on the development of novel methodologies to design, synthesize, Institutes of Health, $187,301 ($374,602); 8/1/08 to 7/31/10. ACTIVITIES IN THE ⎯ “An Engineering Emphasis for Preparing Students for First-year modify, deposit, and microLAST FIVE YEARS fabricate nanoporous materials and to build them into hierarchical Engineering Curricula”, A. Srinivasa (PI), National Science Foundation; $40,000 ($200,000); 9/1/08 to 8/31/10. structures and complex forms ⎯ “High for wide -throughput screening of PAH interactions”, Superfund Basic ranges of applications including bio/gas separations, Research Program pilot grant, Texas A&M University; $33,000 ($33,000), membrane reactors, selective catalysts, and adsorbents. Specifically, we are developing new 9/1/08 – 3/31/09. metho ds for the synthesis ⎯ CAREER: Inter of materials -kingdom Signaling as a Paradigm for Molecular Systems such as microwave heating and microfluidic Biotechnology”. Arul Jayaraman (PI), National Science Foundation; environment. We are also fabricating $400,000 ($400,000); 6/15/09 thin films and membranes – 5/31/14. of porous materials such as ⎯ “Re-Wiring Cellular Metabolism to Control Biofilm Formation and zeolites, metal organic frameworks Virulence By Tuning Cell Signals”, Thomas K. Wood (PI), The National (MOF), and zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) for high Institutes of Health/NIGMS; $541,574($1,083,149); 7/1/09 – 6/30/12. resolution gas separations. Finally fundamental understanding on the interactions between porous oxide surface and polymer is under investigation for rational design of organic-inorganic PERCENTAGE OF 80% hybrid films and membranes.TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

Selected PublicationsPERCENTAGE OF TIME COMMITTED TO 100% Y. Yoo, Z. Lai,THE PROGRAM H. -K. Jeong, “Fabrication of MOF-5 Membranes using Microwave-Induced Rapid

Seeding and Solvothermal Secondary Growth”, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2009, 123, 100- 106.

I. Lee, J. Buday, H.-K. Jeong, “m-Tiles and Mortar Approach: a Simple Technique for the Fabrication of Continuous b-Oriented MFI Silicalite-1 Thin Films”, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2009, 122, 288-293.

178

ABET Faculty CV 8/6/2009 Hae -Kwon Jeong Assistant Professor

EDUCATION University of Minnesota, Ph.D., Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, 2004 University of Massachusetts, Amherst, M.S., Physics, 2004 Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, M.S., Chemical Engineering, 1997; B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1995

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Assistant EXPERIENCE Professor, 2009-Present; Department of Chemical Engineering, Assistant OTHER RELATED Professor, 2006-Present. EXPERIENCE-- TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, M. Tsapatsis, H.-K. Jeong, S. Nair, “Layered silicate material and applications of PATENTS, ETC. layered materials with porous layers”, U.S. Patent 6,863,983 B2 (2006) M. Tsapatsis, H.-K. Jeong, S. Nair, “Layered silicate material and applications of layered materials with porous layers”, U.S. Patent 7,087,288 B2 (2006)

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL J. Choi, H.-K. Jeong, M. A. Snyder, J. A. Stoeger, R. I. Masel, M. Tsapatsis, “Grain PUBLICATIONS OF Boundary Defect Elimination in a Zeolite Membrane by Rapid Thermal LAST FIVE YEARS Processing”, 2009, Science, 2009, 325, 590-593. Y. Yoo, Z. Lai, H.-K. Jeong, “Fabrication of MOF-5 Membranes using Microwave- Induced Rapid Seeding and Solvothermal Secondary Growth”, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2009, 123, 100-106. I. Lee, J. Buday, H.-K. Jeong, “µ-Tiles and Mortar Approach: a Simple Technique for the Fabrication of Continuous b-Oriented MFI Silicalite-1 Thin Films”, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2009, 122, 288-293. Y. Liu, Z. Ng, E. Khan, H.-K. Jeong, C.-B. Ching, Z. Lai, “Synthesis of Continuous MOF-5 Membranes on Porous α-Alumina Substrates”, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2009, 118, 296-301. I. Lee, Y. Yoo, Z. Cheng, H.-K. Jeong, “Generation of Monodisperse Mesoporous Silica Microspheres with Controllable Size and Surface Morphology in a Microfluidic Device”, Adv. Func. Mater., 2008, 18, 4014-4021 (Featured in Cover)

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers, North American Membrane Society, PROFESSIONAL American Physical Society, Materials Research Society, Neutron Scattering SOCIETIES Society of America, Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers

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HONORS AND Faculty Fellow, Mary Kay O’Conner Process Safety Center, Texas A&M AWARDS University, 2009-Present Katy Kao University of Massachusetts Graduate School Fellowship Award, 2002-2003 Assistant Professor Graduate Fellowship from LG Engineering, Co., 1996-1997 Graduate Fellowship from Samsung Petrochemicals, Co., 1995 -1997 B.S., University Fellowship from Korean Government, 1995 of California, Irvine Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles INSTITUTIONAL AND 2007-Present Session Chair, AIChE PROFESSIONAL 2009 Session Chair, NAMS SERVICE IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

PROFESSIONAL None DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITES IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

PERCENTAGE OF TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR 80% SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF TIME COMMITTED TO 100% THE PROGRAM

Selected Publications

Kao, KC, Sherlock, G. “Molecular Characterization of Clonal Interference during Adaptive Evolution in Asexual Populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.” Nature Genetics. In press.

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Katy Kao Assistant Professor

EDUCATION University of California, Los Angeles, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 2005 University of California, Irvine B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1997

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Assistant EXPERIENCE Professor, 2008-Present. OTHER RELATED Western Digital Corporation, Lake Forest, California, Chemical Analysis EXPERIENCE-- Engineer, 1997-1999. TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, None PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Kao, KC, Sherlock, G. “Molecular Characterization of Clonal Interference PUBLICATIONS OF during Adaptive Evolution in Asexual Populations of Saccharomyces LAST FIVE YEARS cerevisiae.” Nature Genetics. 2008 Dec 40 (12): 1499-504. Kao, K.C, Tran, L.M., Liao, J.C. “A global regulatory role of gluconeogenic genes in Escherichia coli revealed by transcriptome network analysis.” J. Biol. Chem. 2005 Oct: 280(43): 36079-36087. Tran LM, Brynildsen MP, Kao KC, Suen JK, Liao JC. “gNCA: A framework for determining transcription factor activity based on transcriptome: identifiability and numerical implementation.” Metabolic Engineering. 2005 Mar;7(2):128-41. Kao KC, Yang YL, Boscolo R, Sabatti C, Roychowdhury V, Liao JC. “Transcriptome-based determination of multiple transcription regulator activities in Escherichia coli by using network component analysis.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jan 13;101(2):641-6. Hyduke DR, Rohlin L, Kao KC, Liao JC. “A software package for cDNA microarray data normalization and assessing confidence intervals.” OMICS. 2003 Fall;7(3):227-34.

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Society for Industrial Microbiology PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

HONORS AND National Research Service Award, National Institutes of Health, 2007- AWARDS 2008

181

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2009 Organized speakers and Chair, Annual Meeting, Society for PROFESSIONAL Industrial Microbiology SERVICE IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS Yue Kuo PROFESSIONAL None Professor DEVELOPMENT Holder of the Dow Professorship ACTIVITIES IN THE Dr. LAST FIVE YEARS Eng. Sci., Columbia University, 1979 M.S., Columbia University, 1978

B.S., National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 1974PERCENTAGE OF TIME AVAILABLE FOR

RESEARCH OR 80% SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF TIME COMMITTED TO 100% THE PROGRAM

Selected Publications

C.-H. Lin and Y. Kuo, “Mechanisms of Charge Storage in Nanocrystal Ruthenium Oxide Embedded ZrHfO High-k Film,” Electrochem. Soc. Trans. Physics and Technology of High-k Gate Dielectrics 6, 16(5), 309-316 (2008).

182

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Yue KuoG. Liu and Y. Kuo, Dow Professor“Electromigration of Copper Lines Patterned with a Plasmabased

Etch Process,” J. Electrochem. Soc., submitted (2008). EDUCATION Columbia University, Dr. Engineering Science, 1979; M.S., 1978 National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, B.S., 1974

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, EXPERIENCE Materials Science & Engineering, Dow Professor, 1998-Present. OTHER RELATED IBM, T.J. Watson Research Center, Research Staff Member, 1987-1998. EXPERIENCE-- Data General Corporation, Principal Process Engineer and Manager of TEACHING, Diffusion and Thin Films Semiconductor Division, 1984-1987.

INDUSTRIAL, ETC. University of California, Berkeley, Visiting Research Engineer, 1982-1984. Bayer Corporation, R&D Department, Pilot Lab Manager, 1980-1982.

CONSULTING, Y. Kuo, “Method of Forming a Conductive Pattern by Removing a Compound with Heat in a Substantially Inert Atmosphere,” US Patent 7,037,832, May 2 PATENTS, ETC. (2006). Y. Kuo, “Forming an Interconnect of a Semiconductor Device,” US Patent 6,613,667, Sept. 2 (2003). Y. Kuo, “Bipolar Thin-film Transistors and Method for Forming,”

US Patent 6,500,721, December 31 (2002). Y. Kuo, “Thin Film Transistor with Carbonaceous Gate Dielectric,” US Patent 6,235,559, May 22 (2001).

Y. Kuo, “A New Copper Dry Etching Method,” Provisional patent Application, 12/99. Y. Kuo, “Method for Etching Copper,” US Provisional Patent No. 60/171,259.

STAT E(S) IN WHICH Texas (inactive) REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL G. Liu and Y. Kuo, “Electromigration of Copper Lines Patterned with a Plasma-based PUBLICATIONS OF Etch Process,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 156(6) H579-H584 (2009). LAST FIVE YEARS J. Lu, C.-H. Lin, and Y. Kuo, “Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide Embedded Zirconium-doped Hafnium Oxide for Nonvolatile Memories,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 155(6) H386- H389 (2008). Selected AIP Virtual J. Nanoscale Sci. and Technol. 17(17) 2008.

Y. Kuo, “TFT and ULSIC – Competition or Collaboration,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 47(3), 1845-1852 (2007). Top 20 most downloaded papers. Y. Kuo and H. Nominanda, “Nonvolatile hydrogenated-amorphous-silicon thin-film- transistor memory devices,” Appl. Phys. Letts., 89, 173503 (2006). S. Chatterjee, J. Lu, J.-Y. Tewg, Y. Kuo, and P. Majhi, “Electrical reliability aspects of HfO2 high-k gate dielectrics with TaN metal gate electrodes under constant voltage stress,” Microelectronics and Reliability, 46(1), 69-76 (2006). a hottest TOP25 articles.

SCIENTIFIC AND IEEE, Electrochemical Society, Materials Research Society, American Vacuum Society PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

183

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND Honorary Professor, Nanak University, 2009 AWARDS Honorary Professor, Xi’an Jiao tong University, 2009 IEEE Electron Device Society Distinguished Speaker, 2007-present Plenary Speaker, Flexible Electronics, Tarragona, Spain, 2008 Electrochemical Society Electronics and Photonics Division Award, 2007Carl Laird Keynote Speaker, AMAssistant Professor-FPD ’07, Hyogo, Japan, 2007 Distinguished Seminar Speaker, National Science Council and TSMC, Taiwan, 2005 Keynote Speaker, US/China/Japan Joint Chem. Engr. Conference, Beijing, 2005 Fellow, Texas Engineering Experiment Station, 2005 B.Sc., University of Alberta, 2000 Keynote Speaker, Nano Device Technology (SNDT) Symposium, Taiwan, 2005 Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University, 2006

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2003-2013 Associate Editor, Journal of the Electrochemical Society PROFESSIONAL 2009-2011 Chair, Electronics & Photonics Div., Electrochemical Society SERVICE IN THE 2009-2011 Board Member, The Electrochemical Society LAST FIVE YEARS 2008-2010 Member, Hong Kong Research Grants Council, Engr. Panel 2007 & 2009 Member, National Academies Chemical Science & Tech Panel 2009 Member, IEEE Int’l Reliability Phys Soc., Nanoelectronics Reliability Committee 2005-2008 Member, IEEE Prize Papers/Scholarships Committee

PROFESSIONAL Int’l Workshop on Active-Matrix Flat Panel Displays & Devices, Japan, 2006-2009 st nd DEVELOPMENT 1 & 2 Engineering Foundation Conference International Conference on

ACTIVITIES IN THE Semiconductor Technology for Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits and Thin LAST FIVE YEARS Film Transistors, Barga, Italy, 2007; Xi’an, China, 2009 International Symp. Sputtering and Plasma Processes, Kanaza, Japan, 1999-2009 Electrochemical Society Thin Film Transistor Symposia I-10, 1992-2010 High-k symp., Plasma symp., Eastman Conf. Devices, Microelectronics, etc. 1990- 2009. PI, “Collaborative Research: Nonparametric Bayesian Modeling of Reliability of Nanoelectronics,” NSF, $360k, 09/09-08/12. PI, “A Novel Low Thermal Budget Thin-Film Polysilicon Solar Cell Fabrication Process for Large-Area, High-Throughput Production,” DOE, $150k, 09/09-08/10. PI, “Nanocrystals Embedded High-k Nonvolatile Memories,” Applied Materials

Graduate Fellowship, $35,000, 09/08-08/09.

Co-PI, “Collaborative Research: Modeling Reliability for Scale-driven Degradation and Spatial Defects,” $450k, share $157k, NSF DMI, 07/07-06/10. Selected Publications Co-PI, “ARI-LA: A Framework for Developing Novel Detection Systems Focused on Interdicting Shielded HEU,” $7.5M, share $400k, NSF, 09/07-08/12. Pham, V.; Laird, C.D.; El -Halwagi, M. "A Convex Hull Discretization Approach to the Global PERCENTAGE OF TIME Optimization of Pooling Problems", Accepted for publication in Industrial & Engineering AVAILABLE FOR 80% RESEARCH OR Chemistry Research, 2008. SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF C. D. Laird and L. T. Biegler, Large-Scale Nonlinear Programming for Multi-scenario TIME COMMITTED TO 100% THE PROGRAM Optimization, pp. G. Bock, E.

184

Carl Laird Assistant Professor Tel: (979) 458-4514 Artie McFerrin Chemical Engineering Department Fax: (979) 845-6446 Texas A&M University Email: [email protected] College Station, TX, 77843-3122

PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION University of Pittsburgh Epidemiology Post-doc 2007 Carnegie Mellon University Chemical Engineering Ph.D. 2006 University of Alberta Chemical Engineering B.Sc. Honors 2000

APPOINTMENTS Texas A&M University July 2007 - Present Assistant Professor

University of Pittsburgh Sep. 2006 – July. 2007 Postdoctoral Researcher, Epidemiology Department, U. of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health • Large-Scale Modeling and Optimization of Spatio-Temporal Disease Transmission Carnegie Mellon University Aug. 2001 – Aug. 2006 Graduate Student, Chemical Engineering Department, Pittsburgh, PA • Parallel Algorithms for Large-Scale Optimization with Applications in Distributed Water Network Systems IBM Corporation, Research Summers (2005,2004) Research, Mathematics Department, Numerical Analysis/Discrete Optimization IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY • Interior-Point Methods for Large-Scale Optimization Sandia National Laboratories Summers (2003,2002) Research, Optimization and Uncertainty Quantification Group Sandia, National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM • Reduced-Space Interior-Point Methods for PDE Constrained Optimization for Distributed Water Network Systems Hyprotech Ltd. (now Aspen Technologies, Inc) Jan. 1996 – Aug. 2001 Research and Development Software Design Engineer, Advanced Computing Group, Calgary, Alberta, Canada • Software Design for Numerical Methods and Process Simulation (Hysys, Genesis)

SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES Society Memberships: AICHE (American Institute for Chemical Engineers) & INFORMS (Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences) EXCITE Camp Volunteer at IBM Research (middle school science camp) Volunteer for National Engineers Week and Chemistry Week (middle school outreach) VP Internal Affairs, Chemical Engineering Graduate Student Association (ChEGSA) Volunteer Instructor for Adult Returning Education (high school mathematics for returning adult students)

185

COIN-OR, member of the Computational Infrastructure for Operations Research foundation

AWARDS NSF Faculty Early Career Development Award (CAREER) [2009] AICHE Outstanding Teacher of the Year Award [2009] The Celanese Teaching Excellence Award [2008] IBM Research Bravo Award [2005], Manager nominated award for outstanding achievement ChEGSA Symposium Speaker Award [2003] Mark Dennis Karl Outstanding Graduate Teaching Award [2002] National Sciences and Engineering Research Council Fellowship (Canada) [2000] Kite Award [1994], Society of Petroleum Engineers Scholarship, [1994], Alexander Rutherford Scholarship, [1993]

PRINCIPAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE LAST 5 YEARS Zhu, Y. Legg, S., and Laird, C. D., "Optimal Design of Cryogenic Air Separation Columns under Uncertainty", submitted by invitation to Computers and Chemical Engineering, Special Issue from FOCAPD, 2009.

Abbott III, G.H., Word, D.P., Cummings, D, and Laird, C.D. "Estimating Seasonal Drivers in Childhood Infectious Diseases with Continuous Time and Discrete-Time Models", to appear in Proceedings of, ACC2010, Baltimore, June, 2010.

Zhu, Y., Word, D., Siirola, J., and Laird, C.D. “Exploiting Modern Computing Architectures for Efficient Large-Scale Nonlinear Programming”, 10th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering: Part A, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Vol. 27, p. 783-788, 2009.

Laird, C.D. and Biegler, L.T. "Large-Scale Nonlinear Programming for Multi-scenario Optimization," pp. 323-336, in Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Processes, H. G. Bock, E. Kostina, H-X Phu, R. Ranacher (eds.), Springer (2008).

Zavala, V.M., Laird, C.D., Biegler, L.T. “Interior-Point Decomposition Approaches for Parallel Solution of Large-Scale Nonlinear Parameter Estimation Problems”, Chemical Engineering Science, 63 (19), pp. 4834-4845, 2008.

Bonami, P., Wächter, A., Biegler, L. T., Conn, A. R., Cornuéjols, G., Grossmann, I. E., Laird, C. D., Lee, J., Lodi, A., Margot, F., Sawaya, N., “An algorithmic framework for convex mixed integer nonlinear programs”,Discrete Optimization Vol. 5, Issue 2, In Memory of George B. Dantzig, May 2008. pp. 186-204.

Laird, C.D., Biegler, L.T., van Bloemen Waanders, B.G. and Bartlett, R., “Contamination source determination for water networks”, A.S.C.E. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, Vol. 131, No. 2, March 2005, pg.125-134

186

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 M. Sam Mannan Professor, Regents Professor of Chemical Engineering, T. Michael O’Connor Chair I, and Director of Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center

EDUCATION University of Oklahoma, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1986; M.S., 1983 University of Engineering & Technology, Bangladesh, B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1978

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University System, Chemical Engineering, Regents Professor, 2008- EXPERIENCE Present. OTHER RELATED Texas A&M University, Chemical Engineering, Professor, 2001-Present; EXPERIENCE-- Associate Professor, 1997-2001; Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center, TEACHING, Director, 1997-Present. INDUSTRIAL, ETC. RMT, Inc., Austin, Vice President, 1994-1997; Division Director, 1990-1994. University of Oklahoma, School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Assistant Professor, 1986-1990. Ministry of Municipalities, Agedabia, Libya, Department of Pollution Control, Chemical Engineer, 1980-1981. Power and Desalination Plant, Zweitina, Libya, Chemical Engineer, 1978-1980. Bangladesh Development Bank, Engineering Department, Engineer, 1978.

CONSULTING, Consultant to Columbia Accident Investigation Board, 2003. PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH Texas, Louisiana REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Carreto-Vázquez, V.H., I. Hernández, D. Ng, W.J. Rogers, M.S. Mannan, PUBLICATIONS OF “Inclusion of Pressure Hazards into NFPA-704 Instability Rating System,” LAST FIVE YEARS Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2009.05.004. Qiao, Y., N. Keren and M.S. Mannan, “Utilization of Accident Databases and Fuzzy Sets to Estimate Frequency of HazMat Transport Accidents,” Journal of Hazardous Materials,” http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.097 Papadaki, M., E. Pontiki, L. Liu, W.J. Rogers and M.S. Mannan, “Thermal Behavior of Aqueous Solutions of Hydroxylamine During Isothermal and Isoperibolic Decomposition in a Closed System," Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/je9001366 Suardin, J.A., Y. Wang, M. Willson and M.S. Mannan, “Field Experiment on High Expansion Foam (HEX) Application for Controlling LNG Pool Fire,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 165, no. 1-3, June 2009, pp. 612-622. Liu, L., M. Papadaki, E. Pontiki, P. Stathi, W.J. Rogers and M.S. Mannan, “Isothermal Decomposition of Hydroxylamine and Hydroxylamine Nitrate in Aqueous Solutions in the Temperature Range 80-160oC,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 165, no. 1-3, June 2009, pp. 573-578.

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Society of Safety PROFESSIONAL Engineers, International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration, National Fire SOCIETIES Protection Association, Society for Risk Analysis

187

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND Medal of Honor, Technical University of Lodz, Poland, 2008 Testimony before the Subcommittee on Transportation Security and AWARDS Infrastructure Protection of the Committee on Homeland Security, United

States House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., 2007 Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2007-Present Research Fellow, Texas Engineering Experiment Station, 2002 and 2004 George Armistead, Jr. ’23 Fellow, Dwight Look College of Engineering, Texas Sam Mannan A&M University, 2003Holder of the T. Michael O'Connor I Chair-2005 Director of the Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety CenterDistinguished Achievement Award for Teaching, The Association of Former Students, Texas A&M University, 2003 Regents Professoth r Who’s Who in America, 55 Edition, 2001 Service to Society, Award from American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2000 Ph.D., 1986, Chemical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma Quality Recognition Award, PPG Industries, Inc., 1998 M.S., 1983, Chemical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma Outstanding Young Men of America, 1988 B.S., 1978, Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh INSTITUTIONAL AND 2008-Present Member, Editorial Advisory Board, Encyclopedia of Chemical PROFESSIONAL Processing Dr. SERVICE IN THE LAST Mannan is involved 2007 very -Present closely with Senator, The Faculty Senate, Texas A&M University projects that include hazard assessment and risk FIVE YEARS 2005-Present Member, Accident Investigation Committee, Korea Gas analysis, process hazard identification, HAZOP (hazard and operability studies, vulnerability Safety Corporation assessment, process safety management, and risk management. His researc 2004-Present Member, Advisory Council, Institute for Food Scieh interests include nce and Engineering, Texas A&M University development of inherently 1998-Present safer processes, Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers 11A application of computational fluid dynamics to Committee, “Process Safety and Loss Prevention” study the explosive characteristics of flammable gases, development of quantitative methods 2006 Member, Independent Advisory Panel on Chemical Security, to determine incompatibility among various chemicals, Dow Chemical Companyapplication of calorimetric methods for 2004-2005 Member, Committee on Mustard Processing at Tooele the assessment of reactive hazards, and the application of consequence analyses to assess the Chemical Agent Disposal Facility, Nat’l Academy of Science impact of process plant incidents. He co 2004 Member, Presidential Task Force on University Apartment -authored the Guidelines for Safe Process Operations Fire, Texas A&M University and Maintenance published by1999-2002 the Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Director, Safety and Health Division, AIChE

Chemical Engineers. He is the editor of the 3rd edition of the 3-volume, 3,680-page, PROFESSIONAL Active research funding from a consortium of 22 companies, DHS, DOD, authoritative reference for process safety and loss prevention, “DEVELOPMENT Lees’ Loss Prevention in the ACTIVITES IN THE and EPA. Process LAST FIVE YEARS Industries .” Dr. Mannan has over 100 peer-reviewed publications and over 115 proceedings papers. PERCENTAGE OF TIME AVAILABLE FOR 90% RESEARCH OR Selected PublicationsSCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES Wei, C., W.J. Rogers, and M.S. Mannan, “Understanding Reactive Hazards using Molecular PERCENTAGE OF 100% Simulation: TIME COMMITTED TO Mechanisms of Hydroxylamine Decomposition,” Chemical Engineering THE PROGRAM 188

Communications, ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Michael V. Pishko Charles D. Holland ’53 Professor and Department Head

EDUCATION University of Texas at Austin, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1992 University of Missouri, M.S., Chemical Engineering, 1987; B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1986 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Texas A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department OTHER RELATED Head, 2007-Present; Faculty at Penn State University 2001-2007; Texas A&M EXPERIENCE-- University 1997-2001 TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, Law firms, venture capital groups PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Leibner, E.; Barnthip, N.; Chen, W.; Baumrucker, C.; Badding, J.; Pishko, M.; PUBLICATIONS OF Vogler, E. “Superhydrophobic effect on the adsorption of human serum LAST FIVE YEARS albumin” Acta Biomaterialia 2009. Lee, S.; Ibey, B.; Pishko, M.; Cote’, G. “Measurement of pH and dissolved oxygen within cell culture media using a hydrogel microarray sensor” Sensors & Actuators B 2008, 128(2), 388-398. Sharma, G.; Pishko, M.; Grimes, C. “Fabrication of metallic nanowire arrays by electrodeposition into nanoporous alumina membranes: Effect of barrier layer” J. Material Sci. 2007, 42, 4738-4744. Ainslie, K.; Bachelder, M.; Sharma, G.; Grimes, C.; Pishko, M. “Macrophage cell adhesion and inflammation cytokines on magnetostrictive nanowires” Nanotoxicology 2007, 1(4), 279-290. Dyer, M.; Ainslie, K.; Pishko, M. “Protein Adhesion on Silicon Supported Hyperbranched Poly(ethylene glycol) and Poly(allylamine) Thin Films” Langmuir 2007, 23(13), 7018-7023. Zahr, A.; Pishko, M. “Encapsulation of paclitaxel in macromolecular nanoshells” Biomacromolecules 2007, 8(6), 2004-2010.

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Society of Engineering PROFESSIONAL Education, American Chemical Society, Materials Research Society SOCIETIES

189

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND Distinguished Professor, Pennsylvania State University, 2007 AWARDS College of Fellows, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering,

2007

Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, 1999 - 2001 NSF CAREER Award, 1999 Michael - 2003Pishko Department Head Charles D. Holland '53 Professor INSTITUTIONAL AND Department Head of Chemical Engineering Ph.D., PROFESSIONAL University Director, National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing of Texas - Austin, 1992 M.S., SERVICE IN THE LAST University of Missouri - Columbia, 1987 B.S., University of Missouri FIVE YEARS - Columbia, 1986

PROFESSIONAL Research funding from NIH, industry

DEVELOPMENT ACE Department Head Leadership Workshop

ACTIVITES IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

PERCENTAGE OF TIME AVAILABLE FOR 10% RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF

TIME COMMITTED TO 100%

THE PROGRAM

Selected Publications

Leibner, E.; Barnthip, N.; Chen, W.; Baumrucker, C.; Badding, J.; Pishko, M.; Vogler, E. “Superhydrophobic effect on the adsorption of human serum albumin” accepted for publication in Acta Biomaterialia.

190

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Jorge M. SeminarioLee, S.; Ibey, B.; Pishko, Professor and Holder of the Lannater and Herb Fox Professorship M.; Cote’, G. “Measurement of pH and dissolved oxygen within cell

EDUCATIONculture media using a hydrogel microarray sensor” Sensors & Actuators B 2008, 128(2), 388 Southern Illinois University, Ph. D., Molecular Science, 1988; M.Sc., Physics, 1984- 398. Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria, Eng., Electronics, 1980; B. Sc., Electrical Sciences, 1975

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Chemical Engineering, Electrical & Computer Engineering, EXPERIENCE Materials Science and Engineering, 2004-Present. OTHER RELATED University of South Carolina, Electrical Engineering, Associate Professor, 2001-2004; EXPERIENCE-- Chemistry, Assistant Research Professor, 1997-2001; Director of Physical Chemistry TEACHING, labs, 1997-2001. INDUSTRIAL, ETC. Nuclear Energy Institute, Computer Research Center Head, 1978-1981. National Broadcasting Network, Engineer of Electronics, 1975-1976. Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria, Programmer of Numerical Methods, 1973-1974.

CONSULTING, Molecular Computer. Tour, J. M.; Reed, M. A.; Seminario, J. M.; Allara, D. L.; Weiss, PATENTS, ETC. P. S. US Patent 6430511 (2002). Use of Molecular Electrostatic Potential for Molecular Scale Computation. Tour, J. M.; Kozaki, M.; Seminario, J. M. US Patent 6259277 (2001).

STATE(S) IN WHICH Peru REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Emulation of Molecular Programmability Using Microelectronics Programmable PUBLICATIONS OF Devices, Alejandro J. Gimenez, Gabriel Luna-Barcenas, and Jorge M. Seminario, LAST FIVE YEARS J. Phys. Chem. Published on line http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/ 10.1021/jp9050676 (2009). Mechanism of carbon nanotubes unzipping into graphene ribbons, Norma L. Rangel, Juan C. Sotelo, and Jorge M. Seminario, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 031105:1-4 (2009). Selected for the August 3, 2009 issue of Vir. J. Nan. Sci. & Tech. Volume 20, Issue 5 (2009). Switchable Molecular Conductivity, Ke Wang, Norma L. Rangel, Subrata Kundu, Juan C. Sotelo, Roberto M. Tovar, Jorge M. Seminario, and Hong Liang; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 10447-10451 (2009). Featured in the cover page. Light-Activated Molecular Conductivity in the Photoreactions of Vitamin D3;Norma L. Rangel, Kristen S. Williams, Jorge M. Seminario, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 24, 6740-6744 (2009). DNA origami impedance measurement at room temperature; Alfredo D Bobadilla, Edson P Bellido, Norma L Rangel, Hong Zhong, Michael Norton, Alexander Sinitskii, and Jorge M. Seminario; J. Chem. Phys., 130 171101 (2009).

SCIENTIFIC AND International Electrical and Electronic Engineers, American Physical Society, PROFESSIONAL American Chemical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, SOCIETIES International Society of Quantum Biology and Pharmacology, International Society of Optical Engineering, Electrochemical Society

191

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND IEEE Senior Member AWARDS ISSSR Best Presentation Student Award in Frontier Science & Technology, 2009 Honorary Professor, Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru, 2008

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2008-Present Member, Editorial Advisory Board, The Journal of PROFESSIONAL NanotechnologyJorge Seminario SERVICE IN THE LAST 2007-Present Member, Editorial Advisory Board, Professor The Open Applied Physics FIVE YEARS Holder of the Fox ProfessorshipJournal Member, Editorial Advisory Board, The Research Letters in Nanotechnology Ph.D., Southern Illinois University, 1988 Member, Program Committee, bi-annual International M.S., Southern Symposium on Spectral Sensing Research Illinois University, 1984 Engineer, Universidad Nacional Member, US Army Research Office Electronic Coordinating Group de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru, 1980 B.S., Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria, Lima, Peru, 19752006-2008 Member, Technical Committee on Industrial Process Control, Steering Committee, IEEE

PROFESSIONAL Photonics Tech. Access Program (PTAP), Quantum Dot Workshop, DEVELOPMENT Albuquerque, NM, (09/04) ACTIVITES IN THE Gaussian Workshop, Birmingham, AL (03/05) LAST FIVE YEARS “Computational Design of Molecular Sensing Systems”, US Army - Army Research Office (ARO), Jorge M. Seminario (Single PI), 07-09, $200,000 A Theory-Guided Approach to the Design of Molecular Sensing Devices and

Systems - US Army - Army Research Office. 06/06-06/09, $2,000,000 for PI Theory-Guided Design of Nanoscale Multi-Metallic Catalysts for Fuel Cells, US DOE, 09/05-09/06, Funded, $400,000 total, $200,000 for JMS. Logic NanoCells Within 3-Terminal Ordered Arrays, DARPA, 04-06, $60,000 The science and technology of nano/molecular electronics, DURINT/ARO, 01-06, $360,000

PERCENTAGE OF 80& TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY Selected Publications ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF Light-Activated Molecular Conductivity in the Photoreactions of Vitamin D3;Norma L. Rangel, 100% TIME COMMITTED TO Kristen S. Williams, Jorge M. Seminario, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 24, 6740-6744 (2009) THE PROGRAM

DNA origami impedance measurement at room temperature; Alfredo D Bobadilla, Edson P Bellido, Norma L Rangel, Hong Zhong, Michael Norton, Alexander Sinitskii, and Jorge M. Seminario; J. Chem. Phys., 130 171101 (2009). Selected for the Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology. Vir. J. Nan. Sci. & Tech. / Volume 19 / Issue 20 / Organic-Inorganic hybrid

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ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Daniel F. Shantznanostructures (2009). Also, it has been selected for the May 15, 2009 issue of Virtual Journal Associate Professor

of Biological Physics Research. EDUCATION University of Delaware, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 2000 University of Florida, B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1995

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Associate EXPERIENCE Professor, 2006-Present; Chemical Engineering, Assistant Professor, 2001- OTHER RELATED 2006. EXPERIENCE-- TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, None PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Ghosh, A., Garica Vargas, N., Mitchell, S. F., Stevenson, S., Shantz, D. F. PUBLICATIONS OF “Synthesis and Characterization of Ge,Al-ZSM-5 Made in Alkaline Media” J. LAST FIVE YEARS Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113(28), 12252-12259. Yoo, S., Yeu, S., Sherman, R. L., Simanek, E. E., Shantz, D. F., Ford, D. M. “Reverse-Selective Membranes formed by Dendrimers on Mesoporous Ceramic Supports” J. Membrane Sci. 2009, 334, 16-24. Yoo, S., Lunn, J. D., Gonzalez, S., Ristich, J. A., Simanek, E. E., Shantz, D. F. “Engineering Nanospaces: OMS/Dendrimer Hybrids Possessing Controllable Chemistry and Porosity” Chem. Mater. 2006, 18(13), 2935- 2942. Jan, J.-S., Shantz, D. F. “Biomimetic Silica Formation: Effect of Polypeptide Chemistry and Solution Conditions on Silica Nanostructure” Adv. Mater. 2007, 19(19), 2951-2956. Maheshwari, S., Kumar, S., Jordan, E., Shantz, D. F., Lee Penn, R., Bates, F. S., Tsapatsis, M. “Reversible Swelling of the Layered Zeolite Precursor MCM- 22 (P)” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130(4), 1507-1516.

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Society of Engineering PROFESSIONAL Education, American Chemical Society, International Zeolite Association, North SOCIETIES American Catalysis Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Alexander von Humboldt Society

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ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND William and Ruth Neely Faculty Fellow, 2008-Present AWARDS Ruth and William Neely ’52 Dow Chemical Fellow, 2006 Texas Engineering Experimental Station Special Research Fellow, 2001 Alexander von Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellowship Recipient, 2000 GAAN Fellowship Recipient, 1996-1997 Florida Undergraduate Scholar, 1990-1995

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2007-Present Associate Head, Graduate Programs PROFESSIONAL 2005-Present Director, Materials Characterization Facility, TAMU SERVICE IN THE LAST 2008 Session Chair, AIChE meeting FIVE YEARS 2000-2001, 2006-2007 Member, Department Head Search Committee 2005, 2007 Session Chair and Co-Chair, AIChE meetings 2006-2007 Member, Biological and Agricultural Engineering faculty search committee Chair, Guidelines & Standard Operating Procedures Committee 2005-2006 Former Programming Chair, AIChE Division 20c 2005 Co-Organizer, ACS Symposium, Spring ACS meeting 2004 Vice Chair, 2004 AIChE meeting Co-Chair, “Ipatieff Award Session”, Spring ACS Nat’l meeting 2002-2003 Member, Graduate Curriculum Reform Committee 2001-2002, 2004 Member, Undergraduate Curriculum Committee Reviewer for NSF (CBET and CHEM), US CRDF, ACS PRF

PROFESSIONAL Studies of mixed heteroatom occlusion in zeolites, SABIC Corporation. PI: DEVELOPMENT Daniel F. Shantz, 1/1/09 – 12/31/09, $50,000. ACTIVITES IN THE Elucidating the Organic-OMS Interface and its Implications for Solid LAST FIVE YEARS Enantioselective Catalysts. National Science Foundation, CTS. PI: Daniel F. Shantz, 9/1/06 – 8/31/09, $191,036. Towards a Molecular Description of Zeolite Nucleation and Growth, NSF, DMS – Chemistry. PI: Daniel F. Shantz, 9/1/07 – 8/31/10, $408,185. Designing Biomimetic Polypeptide Films with Controllable Nanostructures. Welch Foundation, PI: Daniel F. Shantz, 6/1/06 – 5/31/09, $150,000. D. F. Shantz, SABIC Corporation, 1/1/08-12/31/08, “Studies of mixed heteroatom occlusion in zeolites”. Total Award Amount: $40,000.

PERCENTAGE OF 75% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM 194

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Victor M. Ugaz Associate Professor

EDUCATION Northwestern University, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1999 University of Texas, M.S., Aerospace Engineering, 1994, B.S., 1991

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Chemical Engineering, Associate Professor, 2008-Present; EXPERIENCE Chemical Engineering, Assistant Professor, 2003-2008.

CONSULTING, Methods of Performing Biochemical Reactions in a Convective Flow Field (with M. PATENTS, ETC. Krishnan and M.A. Burns). U.S. Patent 7,537,890. Electrophoresis in Microfabricated Devices Using Photopolymerized Polyacrylamide Gels and Electrode-Defined Sample Injection (with S.N. Brahmasandra and M.A. Burns). U.S. Patent 7,005,050.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL Huang, J.-H, Kim, J., Agrawal, N., Sudarsan, A.P., Maxim, J.E., Jayaraman, A., and PUBLICATIONS OF Ugaz, V.M. “Rapid Fabrication of Bio-inspired 3-D Microvascular Networks.” LAST FIVE YEARS Advanced Materials, 21 (2009): DOI: 10.1002/adma.200900584. Wang, J., Gonzalez, A.D., and Ugaz, V.M. “Tailoring Bulk Transport in Hydrogels Through Control of Polydispersity in the Nanoscale Pore Size Distribution.” Advanced Materials, 20 (2008): 4482-4489. Agrawal, N. Hassan, Y.A., and Ugaz, V.M. “A Pocket-sized Convective PCR Thermocycler.” Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46 (2007): 4316- 4319. Designated as a “Very Important Paper” by the journal editors. Highlighted in New Scientist [Iss. 2602 (5 May, 2007): 27]. Sudarsan, A.P. and Ugaz, V.M. “Multivortex Micromixing.” PNAS, 103 (2006): 7228-7233. Highlighted in Science [Vol. 312 (2006): 1281] and Lab on a Chip [Vol. 6 (2006): 837]. Shaikh, F.A. and Ugaz, V.M. “Collection, Focusing, and Metering of DNA in Microchannels Using Addressable Electrode Arrays for Portable Low-power Bioanalysis.” PNAS, 103 (2006): 4825-4830. Highlighted in Analytical Chemistry [Vol. 78 (2006): 3483] and Lab on a Chip [Vol. 6 (2006): 709]. 4th most frequently downloaded Engineering paper from PNAS website, March 2006.

SCIENTIFIC AND American Chemical Society, American Electrophoresis Society, American Institute of PROFESSIONAL Chemical Engineers, American Physical Society, American Society for Engineering SOCIETIES Education, Materials Research Society, Society of Rheology

HONORS AND Kenneth R. Hall Professorship, TAMU, 2008 AWARDS Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation, 2008 Celanese Teaching Excellence Award, TAMU, 2007 Tenneco Meritorious Teaching Award, TAMU, 2007 George Armistead, Jr. ’23 Faculty Fellow Award, TAMU, 2007 Professor of the Year Award, Student Chapter of AIChE, TAMU, 2006 TEES Select Young Faculty Award, TAMU, 2005

195

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2009-Present Deputy Editor, Electrophoresis PROFESSIONAL 2008-Present President, Vice President (2006-2008), Executive Council Daniel Shantz SERVICE IN THE LAST Representative (2004-2006), American Electrophoresis Society Associate Professor FIVE YEARS 2008-Present Chapter Advisor, Omega Delta Phi Fraternity 2007-PresentAssociate Head for Graduate Programs Associate Head, Undergraduate Programs Member, Departmental Strategic Planning C ommittee B.S., University 2005-Present Member, Departmental Undergraduate Affairs Committee of Florida, 1995 Ph.D., University 2009 Co-Organizer, Symposium OO, MRS of Delaware, 2000 Alexander von Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellow, Max Planck Institute for Coal Research, 2000 Session Chair, MRS Spring meetings – 2001 2004-2008 Session Chair, Annual meetings of AIChE 2005, 2006 Co-Organizer, Annual Meetings of American Electrophoresis Society and Annual Meetings of AIChE My research program 2006 is highly -2007 interdisciplinary, Member, Departmental Guidelines & Standard Operating sitting squarely at the interface of Chemical Procedures Committee Engineering and Materials Chemistry. The overarching theme of my research program is to 2006 Representative, College of Engineering Library Council develop a strong fundamental description of materials that either have or will have a significant 2003, 2006-2007 Member, Departmental Web Committee societal impact. The basic scientific description developed in my lab is a necessary first step to 2004-2005 Coordinator, Departmental Lindsay Lecture Seminar Series the rational engineering 2003-2004 of materials Member, College of Engineering Faculty Committee (EFAC) that will lead to both improvements in existing applications, but also to entirely new produ cts and processes.

PROFESSIONAL Fundamental Investigation of Transport Phenomena in Convectively Actuated My lab currently has two major areas of activity. The first is in zeolites and microporous DEVELOPMENT Biochemical Reactors, PI: Victor M. Ugaz, Co-Investigator: Yassin A. Hassan, ACTIVITES IN THE materials. The second is in organic Agency: NSF, Period: 09/01/09-inorganic hybrid materials, wherein a ceramic continuous -08/31/12, Amount: $325,000 LAST FIVE YEARS High-resolution Study of Particle Transport and Deposition on Environmental phase is decorated with Surfaces, PI: Victor M. Ugaz, organic groups / an organic Co-Investigators: Yass layer. On one hand in A. Hassan, William H. my research has a strong scientific foundation Marlow, Agency: that involves DTRA, Period: 06/01/09 both material synthesis -05/31/12, and Amount: $600,000 characterization to Computational Fluid Dynamics for Nuclear Applications Curriculum, develop robust structure Development to Facilitate Nuc-property relationships. On lear Energy in the 21st Century, the other hand, our lab is PI: Yassin A. involved in Hassan , Co-Investigator: Victor M. Ugaz, Agency: NRC testing these materials for Period: applications 09/01/08 such -08/31 as /09, catalysis Amount: $130,000 and separations. This testing is the essential engineering component of my research program that allows us to understand how the Directed Assembly of Ultra-concentrated Mesophases: a New Way to Detect and Characterize Biomolecules ,PI: Victor M. Ugaz, Agency: The Camille fundamental knowledge gained in the synthesis and characterization work can be brought to and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, Inc., Type: Camille Dreyfus Teacher- Scholar Award, 09/01/08-08/31/13, Amount: $75,000 (single PI award) bear, in a meaningful way, on societally relevant problems via new/improved materials. DNA to Go: Do-it-Yourself PCR Thermocyclers PI: Victor M. Ugaz, Agency: The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, Inc., Type: Special Grant in the Chemical Sciences, 07/01/08-06/30/10, Amount: $44,000 (single PI award)

PERCENTAGE OF 80% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM 196

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Assistant Professor Sreeram Vaddiraju

EDUCATION University of Louisville, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 2006 University of Louisiana, M.S., Chemical Engineering, 2002 Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, AP, India, B.Tech., Chemical Engineering

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Chemical Engineering, Assistant Professor, 2009- EXPERIENCE Present. OTHER RELATED Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Guest Lecturer, 2006. EXPERIENCE-- TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, M. K. Sunkara, S. Vaddiraju, M. Mozetic, U. Cvelbar, “Method for the rapid PATENTS, ETC. synthesis of metal oxide nanowires at low temperatures”, U.S. Patent Application # 11/385,015, Patent Application Approved, June 09, 2009.

STATE(S) IN WHICH REGISTERED None

PRINCIPAL PUBLICATIONS OF S. Vaddiraju, Karen K. Gleason, ‘Surface tethering of metal nanoparticles on LAST FIVE YEARS functional conducting polymers for selective sensing of volatile organic compounds’, Manuscript Under Review, 2009. S. Vaddiraju, K. Senecal, Karen K. Gleason, ‘Novel strategies for the deposition of -COOH conducting copolymer films and assembling inorganic nanoparticles on conducting polymer platforms’, Advanced Functional Materials, 18, 1929, 2008. S. Vaddiraju, M. K. Sunkara, A. H. Chin, C. Z. Ning, G. R. Dholakia, M. Meyyappan, ‘Synthesis of group III-antimonide nanowires’, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 111(20), 7339, 2007. J. Thangala, S. Vaddiraju, R. Bogale, R. Thurman, T. Powers, B. Deb, M. K. Sunkara, ‘Large scale, hot filament-assisted synthesis of tungsten oxide and related transition metal oxide nanowires’, Small, 3(5), 890, 2007. H. Chin, T. S. Ahn, H. Li, S. Vaddiraju, C. J. Bardeen, C. Z. Ning, M. K. Sunkara, ‘Photoluminescence of GaN nanowires of different crystallographic orientations’, Nano Letters, 7(3), 626, 2007. SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Materials Research Society SOCIETIES

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ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND The Graduate Dean’s Citation, University of Louisville, 2006 AWARDS Nominated for Who’s Who among international students in American Universities, 2005 Recipient of the Graduate Merit Scholarship, University of Louisville, 2002-2003 Phi Kappa Phi National All University Honor Society, 2002 University of Louisiana Honors Program, 2002

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2008 & 2009 Session Chair, AIChE Anuual Meeting PROFESSIONAL SERVICE IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS

PROFESSIONAL Key participant on a $86,767 renewal grant (awarded by Deshpande Center at DEVELOPMENT MIT for the fabrication and commercialization of inorganic-organic light ACTIVITES IN THE emitting diodes (LEDs)) LAST FIVE YEARS Key participant on a $50,000 ignition grant (awarded by Deshpande Center at MIT for the fabrication and commercialization of inorganic-organic light emitting diodes (LEDs))

PERCENTAGE OF 80% TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF 100% TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM

198

ABET Faculty CV 12/21/2009 Thomas K. Wood T. Michael O’Connor II Endowed Chair and Professor

EDUCATION North Carolina State University, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1991 University of Kentucky, B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1985

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, T. Michael EXPERIENCE O’Connor II Endowed Chair and Professor, 2005-Present. OTHER RELATED EXPERIENCE-- TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, None PATENTS, ETC.

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL J. Lee, T. Maeda, S. H. Hong, and T. K. Wood. “Reconfiguring the Quorum-Sensing PUBLICATIONS OF Regulator SdiA of Escherichia coli to Control Biofilm Formation via Indole and N- LAST FIVE YEARS Acylhomoserine Lactones” J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75: 1703-1716, 2009. X.-S. Zhang, R. Garcia Contreras, and T. K. Wood, “Escherichia coli transcription factor YncC (McbR) regulates colanic acid and biofilm formation by repressing expression of periplasmic protein YbiM (McbA)”, Nature ISME Journal. 2: 615-631, 2008. R. Fernandes, C.-H. Tsao, Y. Hashimoto, L. Wang, T. K. Wood, G. F. Payne, and W. E. Bentley, “Magnetic Nanofactories: Localized Synthesis and Delivery of Quorum- Sensing Signaling Molecule Autoinducer-2 to Bacterial Cell Surfaces” Nature ISME

Journal. 2: 1007-1023, 2007. A. F. Gonzalez Barrios, R. Zuo, Y. Hashimoto, L. Yang, W. E. Bentley, and T. K. Wood “Autoinducer 2 Controls Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli K12 Through a Novel Motility Quorum Sensing Regulator (MqsR, B3022)” J. Bacteriol. 188: 305-316, 2006. M. B. Jones, R. Jani, D. Ren, T. K. Wood, and M. J. Blaser, M. “Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis Growth and Virulence-Gene Expression by Inhibitors of Quorum-Sensing” J. Infect. Dis. 191: 1881-1888, (2005.

Editorial Board of Journal of Science, Technology, and Humanities, 2008-2012 SCIENTIFIC AND Inaugural Editorial Board of Microbial Biotechnology, 2007-2012 PROFESSIONAL Editorial Board of Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2002-2008 Review Panel for Sustainable Energy Biomass/Biofuels, NSF, June, 2009 SOCIETIES Review Panel for CBET Unsolicited proposals, NSF, June, 2008 Review Panel for EFRI, NSF, June, 2007 Review Panel for Metabolic Engineering, NSF, April 2005

199

ABET Faculty CV 12/21/2009

HONORS AND American Chemical Society Upstream Symposium Keynote Address, 2008 AWARDS AIChE Biochemical Engineering Plenary Award, 2007 Founding Editorial Board, Microbial Biotechnology, 2007 Five quorum sensing/biofilm papers by Faculty of 1000, 2005-2008 T. Michael O’Connor II Endowed Chair, 2005 University of Connecticut campus-wide AAUP Research Excellence Award, 2005

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2008 TAMU Association of Former Students Distinguished PROFESSIONAL Achievement Awards Search Committee SERVICE IN THE LAST 2007-Present Chair, TAMU Chemical Engineering Search Committee FIVE YEARS 2007-Present Chair, TAMU Chemical Engineering Endowed Chairs and Professorships Committee Northeast Utilities Endowed Chair in Environmental 2005-2006 TAMU Chemical Engineering Graduate Admissions

PROFESSIONAL NIH R01-Re-wiring cellular metabolism to control biofilm formation and virulence by DEVELOPMENT tuning cell regulators. PI with Arul Jayaraman; ACTIVITES IN THE 2009-2012, $898,103. LAST FIVE YEARS National Science Foundation Interagency, "A Systems Biology Approach for Metabolically Engineering Escherichia coli for Producing Hydrogen via Fermentation. (PI, with Ranjan Srivastava, U of CT and William Self, U of Central FA) 2008-2011, $300,000. U.S. Army Research Office, "ARO Workshop: Advances in Biofilm Research to Inhibit Biocorrosion. sole investigator, 2008-2009, $33,617. U.S. Army Research Office, Plant Biofilm Inhibitors to Discover Biofilm Genes PI: sole investigator, 2008-2009, $187,607. SERDP, “Biodegradable Pyrotechnics”, “Studies of mixed PERCENTAGE OF Co-PI with Infoscitex Inc.. 2008-2009, $99,000 TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR 85% SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM 100%

200

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009 Lâle Yurttas Senior Lecturer

EDUCATION Texas A&M University, Ph. D., Chemical Engineering, 1988 Ege University, Izmir, Turkey, M.S., Chemical Engineering, 1976 Middle East Technical University, Turkey, B.S., Chemical Engineering, 1973

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University, Chemical Engineering, Senior Lecturer, 1996-Present; EXPERIENCE Engineering Biosciences Research Center, Research Associate/Assistant OTHER RELATED Research Engineer, 1988-1995. EXPERIENCE-- Ege University, Chemical Engineering, Lecturer, 1974-1981. TEACHING, INDUSTRIAL, ETC.

CONSULTING, RA Energy, Inc., Austin, Texas. (1993-95) PATENTS, ETC. Process development, energy & material balances

STATE(S) IN WHICH None REGISTERED

PRINCIPAL “EPICS Experience at Texas A&M University: What does It Take to Start?” PUBLICATIONS OF Lale Yurttas, Grant Brammer, Richard Furuta, Jennifer Christensen, Larissa LAST FIVE YEARS Pchenitchnaia, 2009 EPICS Conference, Austin, Texas “An Integrated Approach to Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Curriculum Reform,” Yurttas, L, Pchenitchnaia L, Froyd, F, El-Halwagi, M, Glover, C, Osborne-Lee, I, Mills, P, Pelehvari, A, The 7th International Conference on the Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, FOCAPD 2009 “Service-Learning and Sustainability: Striving for Better Future,” Lale Yurttas, Jennifer Christensen, 2009 ASEE Annual Conference, Austin, Texas. “Implementing an Assessment and Continuous Improvement Process: An Example from an Engineering Department,” Pchenitchnaia, L & Yurttas, L, 2009 9th Annual Texas A&M Assessment Conference, College Station, Texas “Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Curriculum Reform, Development and Assessment: A “Strings” Approach,” Yurttas, L & Pchenitchnaia, L, 2008 AIChE Annual Conference Centennial Proceedings, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. “A web-based resource for teaching molecular modeling and simulation methods in chemical engineering,” Carvajal J, Pchenitchnaia, L, Yurttas, L, & Cagin, T, 2008 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

SCIENTIFIC AND American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Society of Engineering PROFESSIONAL Education, Engineers Without Borders, Turkish Chamber of Chemical SOCIETIES Engineers

201

ABET Faculty CV 7/1/2009

HONORS AND Advisor of the Year Award, Student Chapter of AIChE, 2008 AWARDS Presidential Advising Award, 2007 Mentor of the Year Award, Student Chapter of AIChE, 2004 & 2005 Honorary Member, Golden Key International Honor Society, 2005 Teacher of the Year Award, Student Chapter of AIChE, 2003

INSTITUTIONAL AND 2006-Present Associate Graduate Faculty PROFESSIONAL 2002-Present Assistant Department Head, Chemical Engineering, TAMU SERVICE IN THE LAST 1996-Present Chair, Student Awards Committee FIVE YEARS Advisor, AIChE Student Chapter Member, Student Affairs Committee Chair, ABET Committee Member, Qatar Committee College Representative, University Curriculum Committee

PROFESSIONAL Texas A&M University Association of Former Students, L. Yurttas (PI), “ EPICS – DEVELOPMENT Engineering Projects in Community Service,” 01/09, $5,000. ACTIVITES IN THE NSF, “Incorporating a Diversity of Scales and Applications:Undergraduate LAST FIVE YEARS Curriculum Renewal at Texas A&M University,” NSF, Charles Glover (PI), Mahmoud El-Halwagi (co-PI), Lale Yurttas (co-PI), Ali Pehlivari (co-PI, Kingsvile), and Lee Osborne (co-PI, Prairie View), 08/05-08/08, $1,000,000. NSF, “Incorporating a Diversity of Scales and Applications: Undergraduate Curriculum Reform at Texas A&M University,” NSF, Charles Glover, (PI), Dan Shantz (co-PI), Mahmoud El-Halwagi (co-PI), Dave Ford (co-PI), and Lale Yurttas (co-PI), 09/03 – 08/04, $100,000.

PERCENTAGE OF TIME AVAILABLE FOR RESEARCH OR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES

PERCENTAGE OF TIME COMMITTED TO THE PROGRAM

202

APPENDIX C: Faculty Awards

Faculty Award Akbulut 2005-2006 Mitsubishi Chemical Distinguished Graduate Fellowship

Balbuena 2010 TEES Research Fellow 2005 GPSA Professorship, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University 2002 Young Investigator Award, University of South Carolina

Bradshaw 2009 Fluor- Distinguished Teaching Award Advisor of the Year Award, Presented by the Student Chapter of AIChE, 2006-2007 No.1 Screwball Award- Instrumentation Symposium for the Process Industries, 2006 (Honorary Award) 2003-2004 Faculty of the Year Award, Presented by the Student Chapter of AIChE

Cagin 1999 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology (Theory)

Chen 2006 Eugene Rabinowitch Graduate Fellowship 2004 Outstanding Student Oral Presentation Award in the 17th Annual Cell & Molecular Biology/Biophysics Symposium

2008 Research on colloidal crystallization appears on cover of "Advanced Functional Cheng Materials"

El-Halwagi 2009 The Lockheed Martin Excellence in Engineering Teaching Award 2009 Student Led Award for Teaching Excellence (SLATE) 2008 The Flour Distinguished Teaching Award 2007-2008 Association of Former Students College-Level Outstanding Teaching Award 2005 AIChE Computing and Systems Technology Directors Award for Best Poster 2003 Honorary Professor, Zagazig University, Egypt 2002 The McFerrin Professorship, Chemical Engineering Dept., TAMU

Froment Foreign Associate, National Academy of Engineering Member, Texas Academy of Medicine, Science, and Engineering 2007 Amundson Award for Chemical Reaction Engineering 1999 Villermaux Award of the European Federation of Chemical Reaction Engineering 1978 R. H. Wilhelm Award for Chemical Reaction Engineering, AIChE

Glover 2005-2006 ConocoPhillips Faculty Fellow

Hahn, J. 2009 Ray Nesbitt Professor II 2008-2009 Keller Faculty Fellowship 2008-2009 Brockett Professorship 2007 Outstanding Reviewer, Automatica 2006 Outstanding Reviewer, Automatica 2006 Best Paper Award, Chemical Process Control 7

203

2005 Outstanding Reviewer, Automatica 2004 Best Referee Award, Journal of Process Control

Hahn, M. 2009 ASEE GSW Young Faculty Award 2009 TEES Young Faculty Award 2008 ACS PROGRESS/Dreyfus Lectureship Award Holtzapple, M. 2008 Commercialization Rising Star Award, Research Valley Partnership 2008 Professor of the Year, AIChE Student Chapter 2008 Chevron Faculty Fellow 2008 Halliburton Professorship Award for Excellence in Teaching and Research 2007 Excellence in Innovation Award, TAMU 2006 Walston Chubb Award for Innovation, Sigma Xi 2006 Top 100 Energy Technology, New Energy Congress 2006 McGraw-Hill Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Group's First Edition of the Year Award 2006 Texas A&M University Distinguished Lecture

Jayaraman 2009 NSF Career Award 2010 Ray Nesbitt Professor I

Jeong 2009 Outstanding Young Investigator, Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers

Kao 2007/2008 National Research Service Award

Kuo 2009 Honorary Guest Professorship, Nanak University 2009 Adjunct Professorship, Flexible Electronics, Tarragona, Spain 2008 Plenary Speaker, Flexible Electronics, Tarragona Spain 2008 Selected to AIP Virtual J. Science & Technology 2007 IEEE Electron Device Society Distinguished Speaker 2007 Keynote Speaker, AM-FDP '07, Hyogo, Japan 2007-2009 Advisor of Applied Materials Semiconductor Fellowship Award 2006 Selected in AIP 2006 Virtual J. Science & Technology 2005 Distinguished Seminar, National Science Council and TSMC, Taiwan 2005 Keynote Speaker, US/China/Japan Joint Chemical Engineering Conference, Beijing 2005 TEES Fellow

Laird, Carl 2010 NSF CAREER Award

Norton H. Walton/Russell L. Miller Award in Safety/Loss Prevention, American Mannan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2009 Medal of Honor, Technical University of Lodz, Poland, December 2008. Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2007-Present Research Fellow, Texas Engineering Experiment Station, 2002 and 2004 George Armistead, Jr. ’23 Fellow, Dwight Look College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, 2003-2005

American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Bioengineering Plenary Lecture Award, Pishko 2008

204

Charles D. Holland `53 Professor, Texas A&M University, 2008 to present

From the “International Symposium on Spectral Sensing Research”: Luis A. Jauregui, Karim Salazar & Jorge M. Seminario are the winners of the ISSSR Best Presentation Student Award in Frontier Science & Technology for their presentation “Biosensor Seminario Based on Double-Stranded DNA Transversal Characteristics”2009 Honorary Professor at the “Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria” Lima, Peru.2008

Shantz William and Ruth Neely Faculty Fellow, March 2008 - Present William Neely ’52 Dow Chemical Fellow, May 2006

Ugaz Kenneth R. Hall Professorship, Texas A&M University (2008) Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award (2008) Celanese Teaching Excellence Award, Texas A&M University (2007) Tenneco Meritorious Teaching Award, Texas A&M University (2007) George Armistead, Jr. ’23 Faculty Fellow Award, Texas A&M University, (awarded May, 2007) Professor of the Year Award, Undergraduate Student Chapter of the American Institute for Chemical Engineers, Texas A&M University (awarded May, 2006) TEES Select Young Faculty Award, Texas A&M University (awarded October, 2005)

Vaddiraju The Graduate Dean’s Citation from the University of Louisville (2006) Nominated for Who’s Who among international students in American Universities (2005)

Wood American Chemical Society Upstream Symposium Keynote Address (2008) American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biochemical Engineering Plenary Award (Area 15C,2007) Founding Editorial Board, Microbial Biotechnology (2007) and published the first two papers of this journal T. Michael O’Connor II Endowed Chair (2005) University of Connecticut campus-wide AAUP Research Excellence Award (2005) University of Connecticut Northeast Utilities Endowed Chair in Environmental Engineering Education (2004)

Yurttas, Lale Advisor of the Year Award, Student Chapter of AIChE, 2008 Presidential Advising Award, 2007 Mentor of the Year Award, Student Chapter of AIChE, 2004 & 2005

205

APPENDIX D: Jack E. Brown Chemical Engineering Building

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APPENDIX E: Advisory Council Members

Mr. Randolph C. Aldridge ’66 (2000-Present) Chairman, Koch Pipeline, LP (retired)

Dr. Lavon N. Anderson ’57 (Emeritus) President and Chief Operating Officer, Rexene Corporation (retired)

Ms. Tammy W. Blair ’78 (1995-Present) Vice President of Operations and Maintenance, Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc (retired)

Mr. Ron Bone ’90 (1999-2008) Manager of Technology, Frito Lay

Mr. Rick Boudreaux (2004-2008) President & CEO, Recochem

Dr. Jerry Bullin (2002-Present) Bryan Research & Engineeirng

Mr. Bruce Chinn ’79 (2000-Present) General Manager, Reliability, Chevron Global Manufacturing

Dr. Tom Clinkscales ’65 (1996-Present) Manager of Automation, CITGO Petroleum Corporation (retired)

Dr. Rick Deans (Emeritus) President, Viable Technology Associates, LLC

Mr. Allen Fowler (1998-Present) Vice President, West Virginia Operations, Dow Chemical Company (retired)

Mr. H. (Herb) A Fox, Jr. ’56 (Emeritus) Executive Vice President, World Wide Downstream Operations, Murphy Oil Corp (retired)

Mr. George C. Friddle ’67 (1992-2006) Vice President – Business Development, Maison Worley Parsons

Mr. Greg Garland ’80 (1996-Present) President & CEO, Chevron Philips Chemical Company

Mr. Jerry G. Griffith ’54 (Permanent) Vice President and General Manager, Petrochemicals Div, Mobil Chemical Company (retired)

214

Ms. Kathryn “Kat” Hanneman PE ’77 (1997-Present) Business Opportunity Manager –Americas, Shell Oil Products US

Dr. Jack R. Hopper ’59 (1993-Present) Dean of the College of Engineering, Director of TX Hazardous Waste Research Center, Lamar University

Mr. Hugh James (2005-2008) Consultant, PCG Inc.

Dr. Mark G. Johnson (2003-Present) BP America

Michael Jusbasche (2005-2009) CEO, Altivia

Dr. Joseph E. McAdams (1999-Present) Global Work Process Director, Manufacturing Excellence & Support, Shell Downstream Inc.

Mr. Arthur R. McFerrin ’65 (Permanent) President/Founder, KMCO Inc.

Dr. Mike L. McGuire ‘60 Vice President, WinSim

Mr. Ray B. Nesbitt ’55 (Permanent) President, Exxon Chemical Company (retired)

Mr. T. Michael O’Connor (Permanent) President, O’Connor Ventures

Ms. Cordelia Price (2002-Present) Manager Specialty Engineering and Support Services, Rohm and Haas Texas Incorporated

Dr. Charles W. Quinlan (2001-Present) Director, Alternative Resources & Lubes Process Research, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company

Dr. John (Jack) B. Rodden ’88 (2002-Present) Vice President & Treasurer, Tribune Company

Mr. Dennis Seith (2008-2011) CEO, INEOS Olefins & Polymers USA

Mr. R. Paige Shirtum ’71 (Emeritus)

215

DOW Chemical Company (retired) Dr. Balaji B. Singh (1998-2008) President, Chemical Market Resources Inc.

Mr. Ravi K. Singhania (Emeritus) Senior Vice President, BASF Corporation (retired)

Dr. William Jay Treat ’79 (2000-Present) President, Southwest BioProcessing Associates

Mr. Gene Tromblee ’70 (Permanent) Vice President of Operations, Sterling Chemical (retired)

Mr. James Turner (2005-Present) Senior Director, Process Technology & Engineering, Fluor Corporation

Mr. Mike Walzel Senior Project Manager, The Dow Chemical Company

Mr. Lynn E. Weaver (2006-2009) Fluor Corporation

Dr. Alfred E. Wechsler (1997-Present)

216

Appendix F: National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing building concept plans

217

218

11/11/2009

OVERALL CONCEPTUAL FIRST FLOOR PLAN

LECTURE CONTROLLED CORRIDOR QUALITY CONTROL LAB CLASS 100K CLASS 100K HALLWAYCLASS 100K HALLWAY CLASS 100K HALLWAY HALLWAY QC RECORDS PCR STOR. MAIN MECHANICAL FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY ROOM FILL / LAB MAINTENANCE FINISH LECTURE WASTE POD DECON. LOBBY / PUBLIC SPACE HALLWAY 3 POD PROCESS EXPANSION SPACE FOR FUTURE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY VIEWING JAN WOMEN'S PODS OR PROCESS SYSTEMS PROCESS (3 PODS) AREA LOCKER MEN'S ROOM LOCKER STO. CONTROLLED "GRAY SPACE" ROOM COLD JAN. ROOM

POD FIT-UP AREA EXPANSION SPACE FOR PERSONALIZED JAN. / SUPPLIES FUTURE PODS OR THERAPEUTICS JAN. 4 POD PROCESS CONTROLLED cGMP MATERIALS PROCESS SYSTEMS PROCESS (2 PODS) CORRIDOR IT / DATA STORAGE TEACHING UNISEX TEACHING LABORATORY WAREHOUSE MODULE GOWNING CELL FILL / SUPPLY / CULTURE QC FINISH CELL BANK TECH. CYLINDER SAMPLING POD AND SET STOR. RECEIVIN BOOTH MECHANICAL UP FUTURE cGMP FREEZER AUTOCLAVE G SUPPORT STORAGE MAIN ELEC. TEACHING LABORATORY CLASS 100K CLASS 100K SHIPPING CLASS 100K HALLWAY CLASS 100K HALLWAY ROOM HALLWAY HALLWAY WASTE

CONTROLLED CORRIDOR

219

Texas A&M University System November 19, 2009 National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing

Schematic Floor Plans Academic Component

Teaching Labs

Lab Support

Auditorium

Work / Study Hall

Academic Offices

Sponsor Offices

Building Support

Circulation / Public Spaces

N

FIRST FLOOR SECOND FLOOR

220

Appendix G: Graduate Handbook

221

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! Graduate Student Orientation: Associate Head for the Graduate Program gives students a general overview of the advisor selection process. ! End of first week of class: students receive packet of abstracts outlining PhD and MS projects available. ! Second week of class: students begin attending research seminars. There are two one-hour slots each week for faculty to give 30 minute talks to the students. These generally take place for 4-6 weeks, depending on how many faculty need to present. ! Sixth to Eighth week of class: students will be required to submit their choices for advisor selection to the Graduate Advisor.

In the week after submission of the student lists, the Associate Head for the Graduate Program, in consultation with the Department Head and the faculty will assign students. In the event that not all students are successfully paired in the first round a second round will be performed with the remaining students wherein they will be asked to submit a second list ranking three projects from those remaining. The remaining students will then be assigned based on consultations between the Associate Head for the Graduate Program, Department Head, and relevant faculty (i.e. those with funded openings not filled in the first round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APPENDIX H: Syllabi of Chemical Engineering Core Courses

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CHEN 623 Applications of Thermodynamics to Chemical Engineering (3 Credits) Fall 2009

Instructor: Dr. Mustafa Akbulut Office: Room 230 Jack E. Brown Telephone: 979-847-8766 Email: [email protected]

Teaching Assistant: Yu-Wen Huang Office: Room 309 Jack E. Brown Email: [email protected]

Grader: Matthew Falls Email: [email protected]

Course Times: MWF 12:40 PM to 1:30 PM Office Hours: M 4:00 PM to 5:00 PM and by appointement though email

Textbook: Tester, J. W., and M. Modell.; Thermodynamics and its Applications; Upper Saddle River, NJ; Prentice Hall, 1996; ISBN: 9780139153563.

Course Description: This course will focus on the theory and application of classical thermodynamics and give an introduction to statistical thermodynamics. Traditional topics covered in an undergraduate chemical engineering thermodynamics course will be reviewed, e.g., the first and second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic properties, phase equilibrium, and equations of state. Methods used to describe and predict phase equilibrium involving all three states of matter will be covered (liquid activity coefficient models, solid-liquid models, partition coefficients, etc.). Thermodynamic concepts will be applied to chemical reaction equilibria. Statistical thermodynamics will be introduced with a focus on the concepts of ensembles, applications to the ideal and imperfect gas phase, and relations to classical thermodynamics.

Course Objectives: The goals of this course are to connect the principles, concepts, and laws/postulates of classical and statistical thermodynamics to applications that require

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quantitative knowledge of thermodynamic properties from a macroscopic to a molecular level.

Prerequisites: CHEN 354 or approval of instructor

Grading: The final grades will be determined on the basis of one mid-term examination, one final examination and the assigned homeworks. The following weights will be used:

Homeworks 50 %

Exam 20

Final Exam 30

100 %

All exams will be in class, open book (textbook only) & open notes. Students are expected to adhere to the Aggie Honor Code at all times.

Grading scale:

100-85 A

84-70 B

69-55 C

54-40 D

40 and below F

Course Topics/Calendar 1) Basic Concepts and Definitions ( Week 1) 2) The First Law (Week 1) 3) The Second Law (Week 1-2) 4) Calculus of Thermodynamics (Week 2-3) 5) Equilibrium and Stability (Week 4) 6) Properties of Pure Materials (Week 4-5) 7) Property relationships for Mixtures (Week 5-6) 8) Chemical-Reaction Equilibria (Week 6-7)

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9) Kinetic Theory of Gases (Week 7-8) 10) Statistical Mechanical Approach (Week 8-13)

Homework Policy: Discussions with the instructor, and teaching assistants of approaches to solving homework problems are encouraged. While students are welcome to also discuss problem solving strategies with each other, each student is expected to work independently in arriving at and documenting his or her final solution to submit.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Policy Statement

The following ADA Policy Statement (part of the Policy on Individual Disabling Conditions) was submitted to the University Curriculum Committee by the Department of Student Life. The policy statement was forwarded to the Faculty Senate for information. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal antidiscrimination statute that provides comprehensive civil rights protection for persons with disabilities. Among other things, this legislation requires that all students with disabilities be guaranteed a learning environment that provides for reasonable accommodation of their disabilities. If you believe you have a disability requiring an accommodation, please contact the Department of Student Life, Services for Students with Disabilities in Room B118 of Cain Hall or call 845-1637.

Academic Dishonesty

It is the responsibility of students and instructors to help maintain scholastic integrity at the university by refusing to participate in or tolerate scholastic dishonesty. Every act of academic dishonesty deflates the value of the TAMU degree you hope to receive. All cases of academic dishonesty will be reported to the Aggie Honor System Office, handled according to their guidelines. The report may result in disciplinary action. If you are reported twice, you will most likely be dismissed from the University.

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Examples of scholastic dishonesty include: 1) acquiring answers for any assigned work or examination from any unauthorized source, 2) observing the work of other students during any examination, 3) providing answers for any assigned work or examination when not specifically authorized to do so, 4) failing to credit sources used in a work product in an attempt to pass off the work as ones's own, 5) attempting to receive credit for work performed by another, including papers obtained in whole or in part from individuals or other sources, and 6) fabrication of information. For more information, see TAMU Student Rules, Part 1 on Academic Dishonesty, and the library's web site on plagiarism complete with definitions and examples.

Know the Aggie Code of Honor.

Aggie Honor Code “An Aggie does not lie, cheat, or steal or tolerate those who do.”

Upon accepting admission to Texas A&M University, a student immediately assumes a commitment to uphold the Honor Code, to accept responsibility for learning and to follow the philosophy and rules of the Honor System. Students will be required to state their commitment on examinations, research papers, and other academic work. Ignorance of the rules does not exclude any member of the Texas A&M University community from the requirements or the processes of the Honor System. For additional information please visit: www.tamu.edu/aggiehonor/ On all course work, assignments, and examinations at Texas A&M University, the following Honor Pledge shall be preprinted and signed by the student: “On my honor, as an Aggie, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this academic work.”

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Spring 2009 CHEN 624

Chemical Engineering Kinetics

Catalog: Prerequisites: CHEN 464 or approval of instructor.

Time: TR 9:35 – 10:50 JEB 111

Textbooks: J. W. Moore and R. G. Pearson, Kinetics and Mechanisms, Third Edition, Wiley, 1982.

Instructor: D. F. Shantz, JEB 226 (845-3492), Email: [email protected]

References: These books should be on reserve at the library: Keith J. Laidler, Chemical Kinetics, 3rd Edition, Harper Collins 1987. Gilbert F. Froment and Kenneth B. Bischoff, Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, Second Edition, Wiley 1981 . R. I. Masel, Principles of Adsorption and Reaction on Solid Surfaces, Wiley, 1996. J. J. Carberry, "Chemical and Catalytic Reaction Engineering", Mc Graw-Hill, New York, 1976.

Grading Policy:

Exams (3): 25% each

Project: 25%

The third exam in this course will be during the final exam slot and will not be cumulative. 252

Office Hours:

To be decided upon the first week of class. Given there is no 689 mentoring student for this course, I will have on the order of 6 hours/week of office hours.

American with Disabilities Act Policy Statement

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal anti-discrimination statute that provides comprehensive civil rights protection for persons with disabilities. Among other things, this legislation requires that all students with disabilities be guaranteed a learning environment that provides for reasonable accommodation of their disabilities. If you believe you have a disability requiring an accommodation, please contact the Department of Student Life, Services for Students with Disabilities, in B118 Cain Hall or call 845-1637.

Scholastic Dishonesty As commonly defined, plagiarism consists of passing off oneʼs own the ideas, work, writings, etc., which belong to another. In accordance with this definition, you are committing plagiarism if you copy the work of another person and turn it in as your own, even if you should have the permission of that person. Plagiarism is one of the worst academic sins, for the plagiarist destroys the trust among colleagues without which research cannot be safely communicated. If you have questions regarding plagiarism, please consult the latest issue of the Texas A&M University Student Rules, under the section “Scholastic Dishonesty” at http://www.tamu.edu/aggiehonor. “An Aggie does not lie, cheat, or steal, or tolerate those who do”.

Policy Issues:

• Homework will be assigned but not collected and graded. One week after the homework is distributed I will post solutions outside my office. • Make-up exams will only be given in the case of a well-documented emergency. • Out of courtesy to your fellow students please come to class on time and turn off/mute cell phones. • I strongly encourage the use of email as a way to disseminate information. If you have questions on the homework please email me and I will try to respond promptly. I will also build a class email list for addressing general questions

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about homework, etc. I will also develop a web page for the course, and this will contain homework assignments, project information and the like. I will not post lecture notes on the web page

Course Content

The major topics that will be covered in this class will include:

• Review of undergraduate kinetics/ideal reactor sizing • Fundamentals of chemical rate processes • Kinetic theory of gases/Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics • Transition-state theory • Thermochemical kinetics • Unimolecular reaction theory • Enzyme catalysis • Reaction and adsorption at solids surfaces

These topics will likely take on the order of 70-80% of the semester. The remainder of the course will be determined based on input from the students based on how this class potentially relates to their research field.

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CHEN 629 Transport Phenomena Proposed Course Schedule – Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot, R/2nd Edition C. J. Glover Fall, 2009

I. Introduction - 1 week A. Course Objectives B. Essential Skills C. Other Items D. Continuua, Conservation laws, general balance equation

II. Vector and Tensor Operations in Rectangular Cartesian Systems - 1.5 week A. Basic definitions and algebra of vectors and tensors B. Calculus of Vectors and tensors

III. Basic Equations of single-component, single-phase continuua - 1.5 week A. Reynolds Transport Theorem B. Conservation of mass for a continuum C. Conservation of momentum for a continuum D. Conservation of Angular Momentum and Stress Symmetry E. Mechanical Energy Accounting F. Conservation of Total Energy G. Thermal Energy Accounting H. Entropy Inequality - constraint on forms of q and T I. Different forms of energy and other equations J. Review of independent variables versus equations K. Review of Macroscopic versus continuum conservation laws and accounting relations

IV. Fluid Mechanics - 3 weeks A. Overview C. Properties of Materials – D. Special Flows - Steady-state, 1-D and similar problems (Chapters 2 and 3 of BSL) E. Special Flows - More than one independent variable (Chapter 4 of BSL F. Rheology Overview – Chapter 8 of BSL

V. Heat Transfer - Chapters 10, 11 and 12 of BSL - 2.5 weeks A. Overview B. Special and 1-D problems with no coupling of motion and energy C. Special 2-D problems

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VI. Multicomponent Transport - Chapters 18, 19 and 20 of BSL - 2.5 weeks A. Basic equations B. Binary mass transport – Equations and applications

APPENDIX - 1 week I. Gamma function and the incomplete gamma function II. Functions of multiple independent variables and partial differentiation III. Curvilinear Coordinate Systems IV. ODE, PDE analytical solutions V. Leibnitz rule

QUIZZES - (2 each) 1 week

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