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Rhetorical Dynamism in Youngstown, OH

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Rhetorical Dynamism in Youngstown, OH University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School March 2020 "The Fiery Furnaces of Hell": Rhetorical Dynamism in Youngstown, OH Joshua M. Rea University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Rhetoric Commons Scholar Commons Citation Rea, Joshua M., ""The Fiery Furnaces of Hell": Rhetorical Dynamism in Youngstown, OH" (2020). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8285 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “The Fiery Furnaces of Hell”: Rhetorical Dynamism in Youngstown, OH by Joshua M. Rea A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English with a concentration in Rhetoric and Composition Department of English College of Arts & Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Lisa Melonçon, Ph.D. Carl G. Herndl, Ph.D. Nathan R. Johnson, Ph.D. Nicole Guenther Discenza, Ph.D. Date of Approval: 21 February, 2020 Keywords: rhetoric, place, invention, new materialism Copyright © 2020, Joshua M. Rea Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. i List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 “Here in Youngstown” ........................................................................................................ 4 Westlake Terrace and Idora Park ........................................................................................ 7 Theoretical Exigency and Framework .............................................................................. 10 Dynamism ......................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter Outlines ............................................................................................................... 16 Notes ................................................................................................................................. 18 Chapter One: Rhetoric, Place, and Dynamism ............................................................................. 19 Rhetoric’s Spatial Turn ..................................................................................................... 19 Place as Setting for Rhetoric ................................................................................. 20 Rhetorical Practices of Engaging With Place ....................................................... 21 Place as an Organizational Practice ...................................................................... 22 Place as a Topos for Public Discourse .................................................................. 22 Place’s Effect on Identity ...................................................................................... 23 Relationship Between Place and Memory ............................................................ 24 Building a Foundation: Ecologies, Force, and Ambience ................................................ 25 Ecologies and Subjectivity .................................................................................... 26 Rhetorical Force .................................................................................................... 28 Ambience .............................................................................................................. 29 Moving Toward Dynamism .................................................................................. 30 Rhetorical Dynamism ....................................................................................................... 32 Invention and Re-invention................................................................................... 33 Rhetorical Tensions .............................................................................................. 37 Fluidity and Evolution .......................................................................................... 39 Place as Reciprocal Participant ............................................................................. 41 Developing a Heuristic ..................................................................................................... 43 Chapter Two: Archives, Histories, and Dynamism ...................................................................... 45 Rhetorical History ............................................................................................................. 46 Youngstown’s Archives .................................................................................................... 48 The Maag Library ................................................................................................. 48 i The Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County ................................. 51 Reading the Archives ........................................................................................................ 52 The Materiality of Place in Research ................................................................................ 55 Why Archives? Why History? .......................................................................................... 56 Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 57 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 60 Notes ................................................................................................................................. 60 Chapter Three: Westlake Terrace ................................................................................................. 61 Slums and Beginnings: The Invention of Westlake .......................................................... 62 Building Westlake: Re-Inventing the Space of Slums ...................................................... 66 A Nice Place to Live: New Meanings and New Tensions ................................................ 70 Desegregation and Freeway Construction: Material Refigurations .................................. 76 De-segregation and White Flight .......................................................................... 76 Freeway Development and Material Re-invention ............................................... 79 Dynamic Decay: The Decline of Westlake ....................................................................... 81 The Villages at Arlington: A New Invention .................................................................... 87 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 89 Notes ................................................................................................................................. 90 Chapter Four: Idora Park .............................................................................................................. 92 The History of Idora Park ................................................................................................. 93 The Invention of Idora .................................................................................................... 100 Idora Park’s Shifting Rhetorical Tensions ...................................................................... 106 The Fluidity and Evolution of Idora Park ....................................................................... 109 Idora Park as a Reciprocal Participant ............................................................................ 112 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 114 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Implications ................................................................................... 117 Westlake Terrace and Idora Park as Rhetorically Dynamic Places ................................ 117 Invention and Re-invention................................................................................. 118 Rhetorical Tensions ............................................................................................ 120 Fluidity and Constant Evolution ......................................................................... 122 Place as Reciprocal Participant ........................................................................... 124 Material Impact of Place ................................................................................................. 126 Inventing Better Places? ................................................................................................. 129 Implications..................................................................................................................... 134 Future Research .............................................................................................................
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