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ARAGONIT Vedecký a Odborný Časopis Správy Slovenských Jaskýň

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ARAGONIT Vedecký a Odborný Časopis Správy Slovenských Jaskýň ARAGONIT vedecký a odborný časopis Správy slovenských jaskýň Časopis uverejňuje: • pôvodné vedecké príspevky z geologického, geomorfologického, klimatologického, hydrologického, biologického, archeologického a historického výskumu krasu a jaskýň, najmä z územia Slovenska • odborné príspevky zo speleologického prieskumu, dokumentácie a ochrany jaskýň • informatívne články zo speleologických podujatí • recenzie vybraných publikácií Vydavateľ: Štátna ochrana prírody SR, Tajovského ul. 28B, 974 01 Banská Bystrica IČO 17 058 520 Adresa redakcie: Správa slovenských jaskýň, Hodžova 11, 031 01 Liptovský Mikuláš; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Zodpovedný redaktor: RNDr. Ján Zuskin Hlavný editor: doc. RNDr. Pavel Bella, PhD. Výkonný redaktor: RNDr. Ján Zelinka Redakčná rada: prof. RNDr. Pavel Bosák, DrSc., RNDr. Ľudovít Gaál, PhD., Ing. Peter Gažík, Dr. hab. Michał Gradziński, Mgr. Dagmar Haviarová, PhD., doc. RNDr. Jozef Jakál, DrSc., doc. RNDr. Ľubomír Kováč, CSc., Ing. Ľubica Nudziková, doc. Mgr. Martin Sabol, PhD. Časopis vychádza dvakrát ročne Evidenčné číslo: EV 3569/09 ISSN 1335-213X http://www.ssj.sk/edicna-cinnost/aragonit/ ARAGONIT ročník 19, číslo 1–2/ december 2014 Recenzenti vedeckých príspevkov z výskumu krasu a jaskýň: doc. RNDr. Pavel Bella, PhD., RNDr. Ľudovít Gaál, PhD., RNDr. Peter Malík, CSc., RNDr. Stanislav Pavlarčík, PhDr. Marián Soják, PhD. © Štátna ochrana prírody SR, Správa slovenských jaskýň v Liptovskom Mikuláši Redaktor: Mgr. Bohuslav Kortman Grafická úprava a sadzba: Ing. Ján Kasák, Žilina Tlač: SLOVENSK, s. r. o., Bratislava Obrázky na obálke: (1) Demänovská jaskyňa slobody, riečisko Demänovky. Foto: P. Staník (2) Jaskyňa Okno. Foto: P. Staník (3) Prepadový komín vo Valaskej Belej. Foto: P. Staník (4) Demänovská jaskyňa slobody, Mojžišov prameň. Foto: P. Staník Aragonit 19/1–2 2014 OBSAH / CONTENTS VÝSKUM KRASU A JASKÝŇ / RESEARCH OF KARST AND CAVES P. Bella – Ľ. Gaál: Jaskyne v magnezitoch: súčasné poznatky a problematika výskumu / Caves in magnesite: current knowledge and research problematics ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 P. Orvoš: Vývoj jaskyne Starý hrad a jeho ekvivalentov v krase Munții Apuseni, Rumunsko / Evolution of the Starý hrad Cave and its equivalents in the karst of Munții Apuseni, Romania ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 D. Haviarová: Smery prúdenia ponorných autochtónnych vôd z bočných krasových doliniek na pravej strane Demänovskej doliny / Flow directions of sink autochthonous waters from right side karst valleys of the Demänovská Valley ........................................................................................................................... 15 M. Lalkovič: Z histórie jaskyne Okno v Demänovskej doline / From the history of Okno Cave in the Demänovská Valley .............................................................. 20 P. Bella: Gravitačné blokové pohyby a rozsadlinové jaskyne na vápencovom pobreží zálivu Mellieha, Malta / Gravitational block movements and crevice caves in the limestone coast of the Mellieha Bay, Malta ........................................................................................................................................................... 28 DOKUMENTÁCIA, OCHRANA A VYUŽÍVANIE JASKÝŇ / DOCUMENTATION, PROTECTION AND UTILIZATION OF CAVES Ľ. Gaál: Cezhraničné projekty s Maďarskom v rokoch 2013 a 2014 / Cross-border projects with Hungary in 2013 and 2014 ......................................................... 31 I. Balciar – P. Staník: Praktická starostlivosť o jaskyne na Slovensku v roku 2013 / Practical care of caves in Slovakia during 2013 ................................................. 34 Ľ. Nudziková: Vývoj návštevnosti sprístupnených jaskýň na Slovensku od roku 2009 / Course of show caves attendance in Slovakia since 2009 .................. 35 SPRÁVY A AKTUALITY / REPORTS AND NEWS V. Papáč: 22. medzinárodná konferencia o subteránnej biológii v Mexiku / 22nd International Conference on Subterranean Biology in Mexico ...................... 38 J. Zelinka: 150 rokov od objavenia Chýnovskej jaskyne / 150 years from the discovery of Chýnovská Cave …………… .......................................................................... 40 S. Pavlarčík: Odhalenie pamätnej tabule spoluobjaviteľovi Belianskej jaskyne Augustovi Kaltsteinovi v Spišskej Belej / Unveiling a memorial board of co-discoverer of the Belianska Cave August Kaltstein in Spišská Belá town .......................................................................................................................................... 41 P. Bella: Prezentácie krasu a jaskýň na 8. vedeckej konferencii Asociácie slovenských geomorfológov pri SAV / Presentations of karst and caves at the 8th scientific conference of the Association of Slovak Geomorphologists ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Ľ. Nudziková – I. Balciar: Návštevnosť sprístupnených jaskýň na Slovensku v roku 2013 / Show caves attendance in Slovakia in 2013 ....................................... 42 D. Bílková: Návštevnosť sprístupnených jaskýň Českej republiky v roku 2013 / Show caves attendance in the Czech Republic in 2013 ..................................... 42 KARSOLOGICKÁ A SPELEOLOGICKÁ literatÚRA / KARSTOLOGICAL AND SPELEOLOGICAL LITERATURE P. Bella: A. Klimchouk – I. Sasowsky – J. Mylroie – S. A. Engel – A. S. Engel (Eds.): Hypogene Cave Morphologies ........................................................................... 43 P. Bella: A. Ros – J. L. Llamusí – J. Sánchez (Eds.): Cuevas hipogénicas en la Región de Murcia – España, vol. I / Hypogenic caves in the Murcia Region – Spain, vol. I ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Z. Višňovská: M. Anděra: Naši netopýři / Czech bats ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 44 S. Kalúz: Ľ. Kováč – D. Elhottová – A. Mock – A. Nováková – V. Krištůfek – A. Chroňáková – A. Lukešová – J. Mulec – V. Košel – V. Papáč – P. Ľuptáčik – M. Uhrin – Z. Višňovská – I. Hudec – Ľ. Gaál – P. Bella: The Cave Biota of Slovakia ................................................................................................... 45 J. Zelinka: J. Zimeľc – V. Snigur: Pečera Mlinki, Pečera Ugriňska ……….. .............................................................................................................................................................. 46 SpoloČENSKÉ SPRÁVY / SOCIAL REPORTS P. Bella – Ľ. Gaál: Životné jubileum Ing. Marcela Lalkoviča, CSc. / Life jubilee of Ing. Marcel Lalkovič, CSc. .......................................................................................... 47 J. Obrcian: Michal Bacúrik, objaviteľ Harmaneckej jaskyne – spomienka na 100. výročie jeho narodenia / Michal Bacúrik, discoverer of the Harmanecká Cave – the memory of the 100th anniversary of his birth .......................................................................................................................................... 48 Aragonit 19/1–2 2014 3 Výskum krasu a jaskýň JASKYNE V MAGNEZITOCH: MORFOGENETICKÉ odlišnosTI A ZÁKLADNÁ TYPOLÓGIA Pavel Bella1,2 – Ľudovít Gaál1 1 Štátna ochrana prírody SR, Správa slovenských jaskýň, Hodžova 11, 031 01 Liptovský Mikuláš; [email protected], [email protected] 2 Katolícka univerzita v Ružomberku, Pedagogická fakulta, Katedra geografie, Hrabovská cesta 1, 031 04 Ružomberok; [email protected] P. Bella, Ľ. Gaál: Caves in magnesite: morphogenetic differences and basic typology Abstract: Caves originated in magnesite present a specific group of karst underground phenomena. Magnesite deposits, associated with dolomites, occur as steeply-dipping lenses in phyllites, schists and other, mostly metamorphic rocks. The dissolution rate of magnesite is about four orders of magnitude lower than that of calcite (Chou et al., 1989). The low reactivity of Mg-bearing carbo- nates is almost certainly related to the difficulty of detaching the stable hydrated Mg2+ ion from the surface (Pokrovsky and Schott, 1999; Pokrovsky et al., 1999). Magnesite is dissolved by waters with atmospheric and enhanced concentrations of CO2 (carbonic acid resulting from high levels of soil CO2) and by humic acids. Dilute sulphuric acid, produced through the oxidation of sulphide de- posits (mainly pyrite), is also capable of dissolving magnesite. Since some magnesites content Fe (up to 3 %), they are decomposed by the oxidation and hydratation of Fe component (limonite is producted) and mechanical removal of weathering products (ochres) by groundwaters (Trdlička, 1959; Gaál and Ženiš, 1984; Ženiš and Gaál, 1986a,b; Houshold et al., 1999). From the hydrogeological viewpoint magnesite deposits present karst-fissure aquifers with the hydrography similar as in limestone karst areas (Klír, 1962, 1968 and others). Many caves, long several meters to several ten meters,
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