Looking Backward, Thinking Forward." Note the Prophetic Words from an Address by Mrs
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												Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012
Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Jennifer E. Manning Information Research Specialist Colleen J. Shogan Deputy Director and Senior Specialist November 26, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30261 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Summary Ninety-four women currently serve in the 112th Congress: 77 in the House (53 Democrats and 24 Republicans) and 17 in the Senate (12 Democrats and 5 Republicans). Ninety-two women were initially sworn in to the 112th Congress, two women Democratic House Members have since resigned, and four others have been elected. This number (94) is lower than the record number of 95 women who were initially elected to the 111th Congress. The first woman elected to Congress was Representative Jeannette Rankin (R-MT, 1917-1919, 1941-1943). The first woman to serve in the Senate was Rebecca Latimer Felton (D-GA). She was appointed in 1922 and served for only one day. A total of 278 women have served in Congress, 178 Democrats and 100 Republicans. Of these women, 239 (153 Democrats, 86 Republicans) have served only in the House of Representatives; 31 (19 Democrats, 12 Republicans) have served only in the Senate; and 8 (6 Democrats, 2 Republicans) have served in both houses. These figures include one non-voting Delegate each from Guam, Hawaii, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Currently serving Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) holds the record for length of service by a woman in Congress with 35 years (10 of which were spent in the House). - 
												
												PPM138 Women in Senate Glossy
WOMEN IN THE SENATE CO LITI O hinkle — p S HN O Y J B From left: Sens. OS Barbara Mikul- T O ski of Mary- PH land, Dianne Feinstein of California, and Olympia Snowe and Susan Col- lins of Maine is that she’s been on all the major committees is the only senator to chair two — Ethics and and deeply engaged in every moving issue of our Environment and Public Works. time.” The women owe some of their success to They may not always get the respect, but Mikulski. As the unofficial “dean” of the women’s EYE-OPENER behind the scenes, female senators more caucus, the Maryland Democrat has acted as a den The Magnificent Seven frequently are getting what they want. Schroeder mother to 11 classes of new female senators. HOLIDAY WEEKEND BRUNCH u u u remembers having to plead with powerful When Mikulski first came into the Senate, committee chairmen to get the funding requests she sought out mentors to help her navigate its SUN. & MON., OCT. 11 & 12 • 11AM–3PM of congresswomen heard. complicated and often arcane rules. She turned “They would say, ‘Now, what can I pass for to Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts and Paul NEW ORLEANS PIANO • HURRICANE HOWIE From what was a record high of seven female senators elected in 1992, you girls that won’t cost us any money and will Sarbanes, her Senate colleague from Maryland, BREAKFAST CAFE • BAR make all the women love us?’” she says. calling the two Democrats her “Sir Galahads.” women have gained in numbers – and seniority No one asks those kinds of questions when They helped her land a seat on the powerful LUNCH • DINNER BOOKSTORE women hold the gavel. - 
												
												Women and the Presidency
Women and the Presidency By Cynthia Richie Terrell* I. Introduction As six women entered the field of Democratic presidential candidates in 2019, the political media rushed to declare 2020 a new “year of the woman.” In the Washington Post, one political commentator proclaimed that “2020 may be historic for women in more ways than one”1 given that four of these woman presidential candidates were already holding a U.S. Senate seat. A writer for Vox similarly hailed the “unprecedented range of solid women” seeking the nomination and urged Democrats to nominate one of them.2 Politico ran a piece definitively declaring that “2020 will be the year of the woman” and went on to suggest that the “Democratic primary landscape looks to be tilted to another woman presidential nominee.”3 The excited tone projected by the media carried an air of inevitability: after Hillary Clinton lost in 2016, despite receiving 2.8 million more popular votes than her opponent, ever more women were running for the presidency. There is a reason, however, why historical inevitably has not yet been realized. Although Americans have selected a president 58 times, a man has won every one of these contests. Before 2019, a major party’s presidential debates had never featured more than one woman. Progress toward gender balance in politics has moved at a glacial pace. In 1937, seventeen years after passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, Gallup conducted a poll in which Americans were asked whether they would support a woman for president “if she were qualified in every other respect?”4 * Cynthia Richie Terrell is the founder and executive director of RepresentWomen, an organization dedicated to advancing women’s representation and leadership in the United States. - 
												
												The Election of Women to the U.S. House of Representatives: Is Demography Destiny?
The Election of Women to the U.S. House of Representatives: Is Demography Destiny? Dennis Simon Barbara Palmer Southern Methodist University Baldwin Wallace University Political Science Department Political Science Department [email protected] [email protected] Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, San Juan, Puerto Rico, January, 2016. 0 The Election of Women to the U.S. House of Representatives: Is Demography Destiny? Even a quick glance at the geographic distribution of the women in Congress suggests that there is a distinct political geography to the districts they represent: twenty-six of the eighty-four female US House members serving in 2015, or nearly one-third, were from California and New York. Eight more were from Florida. In other words, 40 percent of the women in the House came from only three states. Texas, with thirty-six districts, has only three women in its House delegation.1 Female Representatives are not randomly distributed across the country. Congressional districts in the United States vary widely in their demographic characteristics. Candidates rely heavily on demographic data to create their campaign strategies, and they often hire consulting firms to provide them with detailed profiles and suggestions for targeting voters in their districts. However, we know very little about the demographic characteristics of the districts where women have been successful candidates. Female candidates tend to cluster in particular districts, but what explains this? Can we identify the districts - 
												
												Wesleyan Theological Journal
Wesleyan Theological Journal Publication of the Wesleyan Theological Society WESLEY’S GENERAL RULES: PARADIGM FOR POSTMODERN ETHICS .................................................................. 7 Christopher P. Momany ELEMENTS OF A POSTMODERN HOLINESS HERMENEUTIC ILLUSTRATED BY WAY OF THE BOOK OF REVELATION ......... 23 John E. Stanley JUSTIFIED BUT UNREGENERATE? THE RELATIONSHIP OF ASSURANCE TO JUSTIFICATION AND REGENERATION IN THE THOUGHT OF JOHN WESLEY ............................................... 44 Scott Kisker CULTURE AND CONCUPISCENCE: THE CHANGING DEFINITION OF SANCTITY IN THE WESLEYAN/HOLINESS MOVEMENT, 1867-1920 .................................................................. 59 Paul Merritt Bassett MISSION POLICY AND NATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE: JAPAN, 1905-1965 ..................... 128 Floyd T. Cunningham REVIVALISM: IN SEARCH OF A DEFINITION ............................... 165 Russell E. Richey THE MINISTRY OF MARY LEE CAGLE: A STUDY IN WOMEN’S HISTORY AND RELIGION ....................... 176 Stan Ingersol BOOK REVIEWS ............................................................................. 199 Volume 28, Numbers 1 and 2 Spring-Fall, 1993 The Journal of the WESLEYAN THEOLOGICAL SOCIETY A Fellowship of Wesleyan-Arminian Scholars Editor and Chair of the Editorial Committee: Paul M. Bassett, 1987-1993 Barry L. Callen, 1993 to present All communications concerning editorial matters should be addressed to the editor, Barry L. Callen, c/o Anderson Univer - sity, East Fifth Street, Anderson, - 
												
												The Story of Chautauqua
The Story Of Chautauqua By Jesse Lyman Hurlbut The Story Of Chautauqua CHAPTER I THE PLACE JOHN HEYL VINCENT—a name that spells Chautauqua to millions—said: "Chautauqua is a place, an idea, and a force." Let us first of all look at the place, from which an idea went forth with a living force into the world. The State of New York, exclusive of Long Island, is shaped somewhat like a gigantic foot, the heel being at Manhattan Island, the crown at the St. Lawrence River, and the toe at the point where Pennsylvania touches upon Lake Erie. Near this toe of New York lies Lake Chautauqua. It is eighteen miles long besides the romantic outlet of three miles, winding its way through forest primeval, and flowing into a shallow stream, the Chadakoin River, thence in succession into the Allegheny, the Ohio, the Mississippi, and finally resting in the bosom of the Gulf of Mexico. As we look at it upon the map, or sail upon it in the steamer, we perceive that it is about three miles across at its widest points, and moreover that it is in reality two lakes connected by a narrower channel, almost separated by two or three peninsulas. The earliest extant map of the lake, made by the way for General Washington soon after the Revolution (now in the Congressional Library at Washington), represents two separate lakes with a narrow stream between them. The lake receives no rivers or large streams. It is fed by springs beneath, and by a few brooks flowing into it. - 
												
												Women in the Missions Organizations of the United Methodist Church and Predecessor Denominations a Working Bibliography
Women in the Missions Organizations of The United Methodist Church and Predecessor Denominations A Working Bibliography Guides and Reference: Rowe, Kenneth E. Methodist Women: A Guide to the Literature. Lake Junaluska, N.C.: General Commission on Archives and History, The United Methodist Church, 1980. Turner, Kristen D. A Guide to Materials on Women in The United Methodist Church Archives. Madison, N.J.: The Commission, 1995. Warrick, Susan E., ed. Women in the Wesleyan and United Methodist Traditions: A Bibliography. Revised edition. General Commission on Archives and History: www.gcah.org, 2003. Yrigoyen, Jr., Charles and Susan E. Warrick. Historical Dictionary of Methodism. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2013. Histories of The United Methodist Church and Predecessors: Barclay, Wade Crawford. History of Methodist Missions. 4 vols. New York: Board of Missions, the Methodist Church, 1949-1957. Blair, Sarah D. Brooks, comp. The Evangelical United Brethren Church: a Historical Sampler. Nashville: The United Methodist Publishing House, 2000. Cameron, Richard M. Methodism and Society in Historical Perspective. Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 1961. Cole, Charles E., ed. Chrisitan Mission in the Third Millennium. New York: GBGM Books, 2004. Cole, Charles E., ed. Initiatives for Mission, 1980-2002. New York: General Board of Global Ministries, The United Methodist Church, 2003. Daugherty, Ruth A. The Missionary Spirit: The History of Mission of the Methodist Protestant Church, 1830-1939. New York: General Board of Global Ministries, The United Methodist Church, 2004. Ferguson, Charles W. Organizing to Beat the Devil; Methodists and the Making of America. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1971. Gesling, Linda. Mirror and Beacon: The History of Mission of The Methodist Church, 1939-1968, New York: General Board of Global Ministries, The United Methodist Church, 2005. - 
												
												H.Doc. 108-224 Black Americans In
FORMER MEMBERS H 1971–2007 ������������������������������������������������������������������������ Carol Moseley-Braun 1947– UNITED STATES SENATOR H 1993–1999 DEMOCRAT FROM ILLINOIS he first African-American woman Senator, Carol believing politicians were out of touch with the average TMoseley-Braun was also only the second black American, Moseley-Braun contemplated running for Senator since the Reconstruction Era.1 “I cannot escape Congress. Her resolve to seek national office strengthened the fact that I come to the Senate as a symbol of hope and after she witnessed Senators’ questioning of Anita Hill change,” Moseley-Braun said shortly after being sworn during the Clarence Thomas’s controversial confirmation in to office in 1993. “Nor would I want to, because my hearing for the Supreme Court in 1991. “The Senate presence in and of itself will change the U.S. Senate.”2 absolutely needed a healthy dose of democracy,” she During her single term in office, Senator Moseley-Braun observed. “It wasn’t enough to have millionaire white advocated for civil rights issues and for legislation on males over the age of 50 representing all the people in crime, education, and families. the country.”6 Officially entering the race for the Senate Carol Moseley was born in Chicago, Illinois, on August in November 1991, Moseley-Braun focused in her 16, 1947. Her parents, Joseph Moseley, a policeman, and Democratic primary campaign on two-term incumbent her mother, Edna (Davie) Moseley, a medical technician, Alan Dixon’s support of Clarence Thomas’s appointment divorced in 1963. The oldest of the four Moseley children and the need for diversity in the Senate. - 
												
												Patty Murray (D-Wa)
LEGISLATOR US Senator PATTY MURRAY (D-WA) IN OFFICE CONTACT Up for re-election in 2016 Email Contact Form LEADERSHIP POSITION http://www.murray.senate.gov/ public/index.cfm/contactme Senate Democratic Secretary Senate Democratic Conference Committee Secretary Web www.murray.senate.gov/public Senate Secretary for the Majority http://www.murray.senate.gov/ public 4th Term Twitter @pattymurray Re-elected in 2010 https://twitter.com/pattymurray SENIORITY RANK DC 154 Russell Senate Office 12 Office Building Out of 100 BGOV BIOGRAPHY By Brian Faler, Bloomberg News When she took the gavel of the Senate Budget Committee in January 2013, Patty Murray made it clear from her very first hearing that she was going to be a different kind of chairman --and not just because she’s the first woman to head the panel. The Democrat from Washington state opened the session with a five-minute critique of Republican tax-and-spending policies, denouncing decisions made over two decades, while emphasizing that she is concerned with more than just making budget numbers add up. “I feel very strongly that it doesn’t make sense to replace our budget deficits with deficits in education and infrastructure and research and development,” she said. It’s a sharp contrast from previous chairmen, such as North Dakota Democrat Kent Conrad and New Mexico Republican Pete Domenici, who have tended to be earnest deficit hawks dutifully warning their colleagues of the budgetary consequences of their decisions. A 20-year veteran of the panel, Murray took over the committee for the 113th Congress, though it wasn’t her first time with a starring role in Washington, D.C.’s budget wars. - 
												
												Women in the Wesleyan and United Methodist Traditions: a Bibliography
1 Women in the Wesleyan and United Methodist Traditions: A Bibliography Edited by Susan E. Warrick The General Commission on Archives and History The United Methodist Church P.O. Box 127, 36 Madison Ave. Madison, New Jersey 1991, 2003 INTRODUCTION The history of women in the Wesleyan and United Methodist tradition is one of almost ceaseless activity. From faithful attendance in worship to service as missionaries, teachers, pastors' wives, preachers, organizers, and reformers, women stepped from their homes into a needy world. In the fruitful collaboration of women and the church is written much of the history of the Wesleyan movement. Women's church work is also the foundation of their involvement in social and political reform. This bibliography reflects the rich variety of women's work in the church; however, one of the lessons learned early in the process was that scholars have only begun to recover and interpret the history of that work. We hope that this bibliography will spur examination of some long-neglected areas. This effort is indebted to Kenneth E. Rowe's pioneering contribution, Methodist women: a guide to the literature (1980), the first comprehensive bibliography of titles related to women in the Wesleyan tradition. For several years thereafter, Carolyn DeSwarte Gifford and Karen Heetderks Strong, then of the General Commission staff, collected information on additional sources, keeping pace with a growing body of scholarship. The first edition of this bibliography incorporated their work with my own, and was completed in 1991. The current edition includes titles published up through December 2001. This bibliography is extensive, but it cannot claim to be exhaustive. - 
												
												Scissors, Paste and Social Change: the Rhetoric of Scrapbooks of Women’S Organizations, 1875-1930
SCISSORS, PASTE AND SOCIAL CHANGE: THE RHETORIC OF SCRAPBOOKS OF WOMEN’S ORGANIZATIONS, 1875-1930 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Amy L. Mecklenburg-Faenger, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Nan Johnson, Adviser Professor James Fredal Adviser Professor Kay Halasek English Graduate Program Copyright by Amy L. Mecklenburg-Faenger 2007 ABSTRACT In recent years, scholars in rhetoric and composition studies have focused increasingly more attention on “everyday” rhetorical practices, particularly those of marginalized groups, as well as the alternative educational sites where such practices are taught and learned. Feminist historians such as Anne Ruggles Gere, Jacqueline Jones Royster, and Wendy Sharer argue that women’s organizations functioned as significant sites of rhetorical education for women throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, an era in which women were denied access to higher education and public spheres of rhetorical activity. In “Scissors, Paste and Social Change: the Rhetoric of Scrapbooks of Women’s Organizations, 1875-1930,” I extend the focus on women’s organizations as educational spaces by examining the scrapbooks compiled by Progressive Era women in literary and social clubs and reform organizations like temperance and suffrage. I argue that progressive-era women appropriated the gendered genre of the scrapbook to compose vernacular histories of women’s reform efforts that situated women within a larger narrative of citizenship and national progress. Furthermore, I argue that scrapbooks served as sources of invention and self-education, similar in function to commonplace books, even though gendered perceptions of both genres typically assigns commonplace books to public rhetorical pursuits and scrapbooks ii to private domestic hobbies. - 
												
												Carol Moseley Braun United States Senator, 1993-1999
Carol Moseley Braun United States Senator, 1993-1999 PREFACE Carol Moseley Braun served in the United States Senate from 1993 to 1999 as a Democrat from Illinois. Born in Chicago in 1947, she was the oldest child of Joseph J. Moseley, a policeman, and Edna A. Davie, a medical technician. While still a teenager, Moseley Braun staged her first protest, a sit-in at a segregated restaurant. At age sixteen, she marched with Martin Luther King, Jr., to protest housing conditions in Chicago. Moseley Braun earned a BA in political science from the University of Illinois in 1969, graduated from the University of Chicago School of Law in 1972, and joined the Illinois State Bar in 1973. She soon joined the staff of the Assistant U.S. Attorney of northern Illinois, serving until 1977. In the 1970s Moseley Braun’s role as an environmental activist in Chicago prompted her to run for the state legislature. She became an Illinois state representative in 1977 and served until 1988. Following an unsuccessful bid for lieutenant governor in 1986, she served as Recorder of Deeds for Cook County, Illinois, from 1988 to 1992, the first African American elected to a Cook County executive position. Motivated, in part, by the spectacle of the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court confirmation hearings in 1991, Moseley Braun became convinced that the predominantly white, male U.S. Senate needed to change. In 1992 she sensed an anti-incumbent force underway and challenged Senator Alan Dixon for the Democratic nomination. She won the primary election on March 17, 1992, and in November she defeated Republican candidate Richard Williamson with 53 percent of the votes.