1 Women in the Wesleyan and United Methodist Traditions: A Bibliography Edited by Susan E. Warrick The General Commission on Archives and History The United Methodist Church P.O. Box 127, 36 Madison Ave. Madison, New Jersey 1991, 2003 INTRODUCTION The history of women in the Wesleyan and United Methodist tradition is one of almost ceaseless activity. From faithful attendance in worship to service as missionaries, teachers, pastors' wives, preachers, organizers, and reformers, women stepped from their homes into a needy world. In the fruitful collaboration of women and the church is written much of the history of the Wesleyan movement. Women's church work is also the foundation of their involvement in social and political reform. This bibliography reflects the rich variety of women's work in the church; however, one of the lessons learned early in the process was that scholars have only begun to recover and interpret the history of that work. We hope that this bibliography will spur examination of some long-neglected areas. This effort is indebted to Kenneth E. Rowe's pioneering contribution, Methodist women: a guide to the literature (1980), the first comprehensive bibliography of titles related to women in the Wesleyan tradition. For several years thereafter, Carolyn DeSwarte Gifford and Karen Heetderks Strong, then of the General Commission staff, collected information on additional sources, keeping pace with a growing body of scholarship. The first edition of this bibliography incorporated their work with my own, and was completed in 1991. The current edition includes titles published up through December 2001. This bibliography is extensive, but it cannot claim to be exhaustive. I am very grateful to many generous colleagues, particularly the staff of the General Commission on Archives and History, but any errors or inadequacies are solely the editor's responsibility. The bibliography's primary focus is The United Methodist Church and its predecessors. Secondarily, we have included titles from the British tradition, particularly from the time of the Wesleyan revival. Some related Methodist groups are included, with special attention given to African American Methodist denominations, along with reference to Free Methodists, Primitive Methodists, and Wesleyans. More general titles have been 2 included that help place these women's activities in a broader historical and social context. Organizing the contents presented its own challenges. Users will find that subject categories overlap at times. This was inevitable since so many issues (temperance, feminism, and woman's sphere, for example) are intertwined. The kinds of divisions we have established are in many ways artificial, but separation into categories was thought necessary in order to exert some intellectual control over the contents. The results made sense to the editor, and it is hoped that any discrepancies or confusion will be minimal. One or two additional comments are in order. Titles are indexed by author and subjects. All denominations except the Methodist Episcopal Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church South, The Methodist Church, and The United Methodist Church are indexed by name. Each of these four larger bodies has too many pertinent titles to accommodate such broad treatment in the index. All women's organizations of any denomination (for which there is material in the bibliography) are indexed by name. While there is a separate section for biographies, biographical studies are listed under virtually all the subject categories. All subjects of biographies are named in the index. If there is more than one biography for a person, her name is noted in the detailed lists of contents that precede most major subject categories in the text. It is my pleasure to publicly express my gratitude to Charles Yrigoyen, General Secretary of the General Commission on Archives and History. His enthusiastic support of this project and his commitment to women's history have been a continual encouragement. In 1991 I dedicated this volume to those women whose stories wait to be told, and twelve years later that still seems to be an appropriate dedication. Susan Eltscher Warrick June 20, 2003 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS IntroductionPages 1-2 AbbreviationsPage 4 Women, Society, and ReligionPages 5-12 Woman's SpherePages 13-17 Biographies and MemoirsPages 17-27 John Wesley's CirclePages 27-35 Missions and MissionariesPages 35-68 Social Reform and ReformersPages 69-87 Education and EducatorsPages 87-94 Writers and MusiciansPages 95-100 Clergy WivesPages 100-104 Clergy Rights and ClergywomenPages 104-125 Laity RightsPages 125-127 IndexSee companion document 4 ABBREVIATIONS AME = African Methodist Episcopal Church AMEZ = African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church CME = Christian (formerly Colored) Methodist Episcopal Church EA = Evangelical Association EC = Evangelical Church EUB = Evangelical United Brethren MC = The Methodist Church MEC = Methodist Episcopal Church MECS = Methodist Episcopal Church, South MP = Methodist Protestant UB = Church of the United Brethren in Christ UEC = United Evangelical Church UMC = The United Methodist Church WCTU = Woman's Christian Temperance Union 5 WOMEN, SOCIETY, AND RELIGION (Also see entries 376, 660) 1. Baldwin, Lewis V. "Black women and African Union Methodism, 1813-1983." Methodist History 21 (July 1983): 225-237. The author discusses women's participation in the early history of the Union Church of Africans and in the churches derived from that body (the African Union Protestant and Union American ME churches). 2. Bass, Dorothy C., and Sandra Hughes Boyd. Women in American religious history; an annotated bibliography and guide to sources. Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., 1986. 3. Bennett, Elizabeth. Guide: Methodist Missionary Society Archives, London, on microfiche. Zug, Switzerland: Inter Documentation Co., between 1980 and 1982? A guide to archives of women's work is included; most of the women's collection dates from the 20th century. 4. Blair, Sarah D. Brooks, comp. The Evangelical United Brethren Church: a historical sampler. Nashville: The United Methodist Publishing House, 2000. The primary sources in this volume were collected to commemorate the bicentennial of the United Brethren in Christ. Several selections concern the history of women in the church, particularly in the area of missions and clergy rights. 5. Bliss, Kathleen. The service and status of women in the churches. With a foreword by W. A. Visser't Hooft. London: SCM Press, 1952. Study undertaken by the World Council of Churches on the ways in which women are involved in church work. 6. Braude, Ann, “Women’s history is American religious history.“ In Retelling U.S. religious history, ed. Thomas A. Tweed, 87-107. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. 7. Brereton, Virginia Lieson. From sin to salvation: stories of women's conversions, 1800 to the present. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991. Analyzes the rhetoric of conversion narratives, focusing on nineteenth and twentieth century evangelicalism (mostly in the United States); includes numerous Methodist references. 8. Brown, Earl Kent. "Archetypes and stereotypes: church women in the 19th century." Religion in Life 43 (Autumn 1974): 325-336. Gives examples of the various kinds of "women's work" in the predecessor denominations of The United Methodist Church. 6 9. Brown, Earl Kent. "Women in church history: stereotypes, archetypes and operational modalities." Methodist History 18 (January 1980): 109-132. The author explores the sources of negative stereotypes about women in Christianity and then describes five ways in which women have assumed far greater roles in the church than the stereotypes would suggest. 10.Cavert, Inez M. Women in American church life; a study prepared under the guidance of a counseling committee of women representing national interdenominational agencies. New York: Friendship Press for the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, 1948. This study includes data on women in the American family of Methodist churches. 11.Chambers-Schiller, Lee Virginia. Liberty, a better husband; single women in America: the generations of 1780-1840. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984. Includes discussions of single women and the church. Methodists Rachel Stearns, Julia Colman, and Frances Willard are featured. 12.Conway, Jill K. The female experience in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century America: a guide to the history of American women. New York: Garland Publishing, 1982. Of special interest in this bibliography and interpretive guide to sources are sections on women missionaries and evangelists of the early national period, and on the temperance movement. 13. Cott, Nancy F. "Young women in the Second Great Awakening." Feminist Studies 2 (Fall 1975): 15-29. Analyzes why young women's participation in the Second Great Awakening was so high, and concludes that conversion gave these women stability, direction, and acceptance when their identity and future were uncertain in the post- Revolutionary period. 14. Degler, Carl N. At odds: women and the family in America from the Revolution to the present. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. 15. Deutrich, Mabel E., and Virginia Purdy, ed. Clio was a woman: studies in the history of American women. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1980. Includes "Mary McLeod Bethune and the National Youth Administration," by Elaine M. Smith and "Women and radical reform in antebellum upstate New York: a profile of grassroots female abolitionists," by Judith