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Herbert Hoover National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan Herbert Hoover National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan

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Herbert Hoover National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan Herbert Hoover National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Herbert Hoover National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan Herbert Hoover National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan January, 2008 Prepared by: National Park Service Harpers Ferry Center Interpretive Planning and the staff of Herbert Hoover National Historic Site U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC The National Park Service pre- serves unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and intrinsic values of the National Park System for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. The National Park Service cooperates with partners to extend the benefits of natural and cultural resource conser- vation and outdoor recreation throughout this country and the world. —NATIONAL PARK SERVICE MISSION STATEMENT Right and front cover: The National Park Service preserves and interprets Herbert Hoover’s birth- place cottage and other places associated with Hoover’s birth and early years in West Branch, Iowa. NPS PHOTO Inside front cover pages: An oblique-aerial illus- SON tration depicts Herbert Hoover National Historic ER T E Site and two of its partners—the Herbert Hoover P Presidential Library and Museum, and West Branch IEL Main Street—that help preserve the resources and N tell the stories of Herbert Clark Hoover, the thirty- BY DA first president of the United States. PHOTO Contents Part 1. Foundations Enabling Legislation 1 Site History 2 Park Purpose and Significance 4 Fundamental Resources and Values 5 Interpretive Themes 7 Goals 10 Visitor Experience Goals 11 Visitor Profiles 13 Issues and Influences Affecting Interpretation 18 External Influences 18 Internal Influences 20 Cultural Resource Issues 22 Natural Resource Issues 23 Existing Conditions 25 Facilities 25 Interpretive Media 25 Staffing, Personal Services, and Education Programs 30 Partnerships 31 Part 2. Future Interpretive Program The CIP Process at Herbert Hoover National Historic Site 34 Facilities 35 Interpretive Media (Non-Personal Services) 36 Website 36 Identity and Orientation Signs 37 Wayside Exhibits 39 Exhibits 41 Historic Furnishings (and Small Exhibits) 45 Audiovisual Programs 49 Publications 52 Personal Services 54 Interpretive Staff and Interpretive Programs 54 Education Programs 55 Special Events 55 Parkwide Interpretive Themes/Personal Services/Media Matrix 56 Partnerships 58 Library Needs 59 Collection Needs 59 Research Needs 60 Implementation Plan 61 Non-Personal Services (Media) 61 Personal Services 65 Planning Team 66 unbounded unbounded hope.” a boy a from country village, without inheritance or with influentialforward friends, look In no other independence of schooling, land action, opportunity could service and for honor. It country gave “My owes me me, as nothing. it gives every boy a and It gave chance. girl, me Part 1: Foundations — PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVER PHOTO FROM THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AMERICAN MEMORY COLLECTION Enabling Legislation On August 12, 1965, Congress passed Public Law 89-119, establishing Herbert Hoover Na- tional Historic Site. The Act reads: AN ACT To establish the Herbert Hoover National Historic Site in the State of Iowa. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that, in order to preserve in public ownership historically significant properties associated with the life of Herbert Hoover, the Secretary of Interior may acquire the necessary acres of land or interest in land (including scenic easements) in or near West Branch, Iowa, by donation, purchase with donated or appropriated funds, transfer from a federal agency, or otherwise. Such property shall be known as Herbert Hoover National Historic Site. Sec 2. The Secretary of the Interior and the Administrator of General Services may enter into agreements which provide for the (1) transfer of lands and other property, except the Herbert Hoover Library Build- ing, from the administrative control of the Administrator to that of the Secretary without transfer of funds; and (2) use of the Administrator of portions of facilities constructed by the Secretary. Sec 3. The secretary shall administer the Herbert Hoover National Historic Site in accor- dance with the act approved August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended and supplemented, and the Act approved August 21, 1935 (49 Stat 666). Sec 4. There are authorized to be appropriated not more than $1,650,000 for land acquisi- tion and development in connection with the Herbert Hoover National Historic Site as provided in this Act. Approved August 12, 1965. Almost seven years later, Omnibus Act, P.L. 92-272 (86 Stat. 120; April 11, 1972) authorized an increase in the development and land acquisition ceilings of the site. Right: Scenic vistas at Herbert Hoover National Historic Site com- plement the historical elements of the park. Opposite: 1928 Chicago Daily News Inc. image of Herbert Hoover dur- ing his service as U.S. Secretary of PHOTO Commerce. NPS Herbert Hoover NHS Long-Range Interpretive Plan I 1 Site History While Herbert Hoover National Historic restoring the home to its 1870s appearance. Site (NHS) was established as a unit of Mr. Hoover admitted he could remember the National Park Service (NPS) in 1965, little about the cottage in which he lived the story of the development of the site only until shortly before his fifth birthday, actually begins with Herbert Hoover’s 1928 adding that “this isn’t my idea, but would presidential nomination, which sparked please Mrs. Hoover, who is the one who public interest in the modest house in West wants to have the old home restored.” By Branch, Iowa, where he had been born the following summer, plans were approved 54 years earlier. Shortly after Hoover’s and restoration of the cottage began, nomination, curious people began visiting along with construction of a caretaker’s West Branch to view the candidate’s lodge behind the cottage. Much of the birthplace. Mrs. Jennie Scellars, who owned restoration was based on Mrs. Hoover’s the birthplace, soon opened the house to original research. Restoration of the tours, eventually charging 10 cents per cottage was completed in November 1938, person and also selling souvenirs. Mrs. with additional landscaping finished the Scellars recorded 1,750 visitors in her guest following year. book in the month following Hoover’s nomination. On the suggestion of Mrs. Hoover, the Herbert Hoover Birthplace Society was in- Hoover’s election ensured continuing inter- corporated in 1939, in order to acquire and est in the birthplace, with more than 34,000 administer the birthplace cottage on behalf visitors having toured the site by mid-1931. of the Hoover family. Allan Hoover subse- Many of the visitors were European tourists quently conveyed the deed to the property who appreciated Hoover’s famine relief ef- to the society and represented the family on forts in World War I. the organization’s board of directors. The Herbert Hoover Birthplace Foundation was The Hoovers had expressed interest in formed in 1954 as a national support group purchasing the home from Mrs. Scellars for the Birthplace Society. The two organi- as early as 1928. In 1930 Hoover family zations merged in 1958. friend and well-known Des Moines Register cartoonist “Ding” Darling made inquiries In subsequent years, the society purchased into the property on behalf of Mrs. Lou several small properties near the cottage. In Henry Hoover. Darling reported that the 1951 a 25-acre tract adjacent to the property house was “in apple-pie order” and that was purchased to become Herbert Hoover Mrs. Scellars was doing a good job of Park. Part of this land later became the site conducting tours. However, she was not of the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library interested in selling because she enjoyed and Museum, built with funds raised by the giving tours as well as the extra income the Birthplace Foundation. The Library and tours provided. Museum, which opened in 1962, was at that time operated by the U.S. General Services Following Mrs. Scellars’ death in June of Administration (GSA). 1934, the Hoovers commissioned West Branch resident Fred Albin, a childhood In 1964 the Birthplace Foundation deeded friend of Herbert Hoover’s, to purchase 28 acres of land, including the cottage, to the property on their behalf. Mr. Albin GSA. The foundation and its successor completed the purchase in July of 1935 and organization, the Herbert Hoover Library conveyed the deed to the Hoovers’ younger Association, have continued to support the son, Allan, the following October. site through the present day. In the spring of 1937, the Hoovers arrived Herbert Hoover’s death in October of in West Branch to begin the process of 1964 prompted interest in establishing 2 I National Park Service ON I CT LLE CO RY RY MO E M N A C ERI M A SS GRE CON OF E LIBRARY TH OM R F PHOTO National Photo Company image of a national historic site in his honor. An the establishment of a “village green” area chief justice William H. Taft adminis- tering the oath of office to Herbert April 1965 National Park Service report, downtown, was better received. This brief Hoover on the east portico of the U.S. Capitol, March 4, 1929. “A Proposed Herbert Hoover Birthplace served as a basis for the park’s 1970 Master National Historic Site,” concluded that Plan. the West Branch site had “unquestionable national significance” and should be added The NPS began acquiring additional to the National Park System. Public Law 89- properties in 1966, and in 1970 GSA 119, dated August 12, 1965, authorized the opened a combination visitor center and establishment of Herbert Hoover National U.S. Post Office building. By 1971 the NPS Historic Site. had acquired approximately 115 acres of land and 35 historic structures. That same In 1966 the NPS produced a master plan year, a transfer of all GSA property, except brief for the park.
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