Upper' Stem-Group Euarthropoda, with Comments on the Strict Use of The
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Supporting Information
Supporting Information Yang et al. 10.1073/pnas.1522434113 SI Text (2) three Character Coding. The dataset used for the phylogenetic analysis has (3) four been updated from that presented by Yang et al. (36), including the (4) six formulation of new neurological characters to resolve large-scale (5) seven relationships within Panarthropoda. The crown-group euarthropods (−) inapplicable: terminal claws (character 64) present. Limulus polyphemus (Chelicerata, Xiphosura) and Triops cancri- State 4 is introduced to reflect the presence of six toe-like formis (Mandibulata, Notostraca) were included as their neuro- claws in the heterotardigrade Batillipes pennaki (28). logical organization has been extensively studied (1–3, 37) and to Cardiovascular and neurological organization. appropriately polarize the characters in the analysis. Additional 81. Dorsal heart. extant taxa were included based on recent studies describing aspects of the brain and VNC organization; these include the eutardigrades (0) absent Macrobiotus cf harmsworthi and Hypsibius dujardini (16, 18), the (1) present heterotardigrades Echiniscus testudo, Actinarctus doryphorus,and Batillipes pennaki (28, 38), the peripatopsid Metaperipatus blainvillei, See character 86 in Yang et al. (36). and the peripatid Epiperipatus biolleyi (12, 13, 15). Fossil and extant 82. Dorsal condensed brain. taxa are scored according to a single model of head segmental (0) absent organization that is informed by developmental studies on extant (1) present Onychophora, Tardigrada, and Euarthropoda (36). Characters 1–80 largely follow those of Yang et al. (36); only See character 82 in Yang et al. (36). those with minor modifications are outlined here. Characters 83. Number of neuromeres integrated into the dorsal condensed brain. -
New Zealand's Genetic Diversity
1.13 NEW ZEALAND’S GENETIC DIVERSITY NEW ZEALAND’S GENETIC DIVERSITY Dennis P. Gordon National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6022, New Zealand ABSTRACT: The known genetic diversity represented by the New Zealand biota is reviewed and summarised, largely based on a recently published New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. All kingdoms and eukaryote phyla are covered, updated to refl ect the latest phylogenetic view of Eukaryota. The total known biota comprises a nominal 57 406 species (c. 48 640 described). Subtraction of the 4889 naturalised-alien species gives a biota of 52 517 native species. A minimum (the status of a number of the unnamed species is uncertain) of 27 380 (52%) of these species are endemic (cf. 26% for Fungi, 38% for all marine species, 46% for marine Animalia, 68% for all Animalia, 78% for vascular plants and 91% for terrestrial Animalia). In passing, examples are given both of the roles of the major taxa in providing ecosystem services and of the use of genetic resources in the New Zealand economy. Key words: Animalia, Chromista, freshwater, Fungi, genetic diversity, marine, New Zealand, Prokaryota, Protozoa, terrestrial. INTRODUCTION Article 10b of the CBD calls for signatories to ‘Adopt The original brief for this chapter was to review New Zealand’s measures relating to the use of biological resources [i.e. genetic genetic resources. The OECD defi nition of genetic resources resources] to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological is ‘genetic material of plants, animals or micro-organisms of diversity [e.g. genetic diversity]’ (my parentheses). -
Multi-Gene Analyses of the Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda Donald J
Zoological Studies 47(3): 338-351 (2008) Multi-Gene Analyses of the Phylogenetic Relationships among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda Donald J. Colgan1,*, Patricia A. Hutchings2, and Emma Beacham1 1Evolutionary Biology Unit, The Australian Museum, 6 College St. Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia 2Marine Invertebrates, The Australian Museum, 6 College St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia (Accepted October 29, 2007) Donald J. Colgan, Patricia A. Hutchings, and Emma Beacham (2008) Multi-gene analyses of the phylogenetic relationships among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. Zoological Studies 47(3): 338-351. The current understanding of metazoan relationships is largely based on analyses of 18S ribosomal RNA ('18S rRNA'). In this paper, DNA sequence data from 2 segments of 28S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, histone H3, and U2 small nuclear (sn)RNA were compiled and used to test phylogenetic relationships among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. The 18S rRNA data were included in the compilations for comparison. The analyses were especially directed at testing the implication of the Eutrochozoan hypothesis that the Annelida and Mollusca are more closely related than are the Annelida and Arthropoda and at determining whether, in contrast to analyses using only 18S rRNA, the addition of data from other genes would reveal these phyla to be monophyletic. New data and available sequences were compiled for up to 49 molluscs, 33 annelids, 22 arthropods, and 27 taxa from 15 other metazoan phyla. The Porifera, Ctenophora, and Cnidaria were used as the outgroup. The Annelida, Mollusca, Entoprocta, Phoronida, Nemertea, Brachiopoda, and Sipuncula (i.e., all studied Lophotrochozoa except for the Bryozoa) formed a monophyletic clade with maximum likelihood bootstrap support of 81% and a Bayesian posterior probability of 0.66 when all data were analyzed. -
The Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of the Southern Levant and Adjacent Territories: from Cybertaxonomy to Conservation Biology
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 734: 43–103 The(2018) tiger beetles( Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of the southern Levant... 43 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.734.21989 MONOGRAPH http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of the southern Levant and adjacent territories: from cybertaxonomy to conservation biology Thorsten Assmann1, Estève Boutaud1, Jörn Buse2, Jörg Gebert3, Claudia Drees4,5, Ariel-Leib-Leonid Friedman4, Fares Khoury6, Tamar Marcus1, Eylon Orbach7, Ittai Renan4, Constantin Schmidt8, Pascale Zumstein1 1 Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany 2 Ecosystem Monitoring, Research and Wildlife Conservation (SB 23 Invertebrates and Biodiversity), Black Forest National Park, Kniebisstraße 67, D-72250 Freudenstadt, Germany 3 Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 73, D-01109 Dresden. Germany 4 Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv, IL-69978, Israel 5 Biocentre Grindel, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany 6 Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, P.O.Box 2882, Amman, JO-11821, Jordan 7 Remez St. 49, IL-36044 Qiryat Tiv’on, Israel 8 Deichstr. 13, D-21354 Bleckede, Germany Corresponding author: Thorsten Assmann ([email protected]) Academic editor: B. Guéorguiev | Received 1 November 2017 | Accepted 15 January 2018 | Published 5 February 2018 http://zoobank.org/7C3C687B-64BB-42A5-B9E4-EC588BCD52D5 Citation: Assmann T, Boutaud E, Buse J, Gebert J, Drees C, Friedman A-L-L, Khoury F, Marcus T, Orbach E, Renan I, Schmidt C, Zumstein P (2018) The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of the southern Levant and adjacent territories: from cybertaxonomy to conservation biology. -
Worms, Nematoda
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 2001 Worms, Nematoda Scott Lyell Gardner University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Gardner, Scott Lyell, "Worms, Nematoda" (2001). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 78. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/78 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, Volume 5 (2001): 843-862. Copyright 2001, Academic Press. Used by permission. Worms, Nematoda Scott L. Gardner University of Nebraska, Lincoln I. What Is a Nematode? Diversity in Morphology pods (see epidermis), and various other inverte- II. The Ubiquitous Nature of Nematodes brates. III. Diversity of Habitats and Distribution stichosome A longitudinal series of cells (sticho- IV. How Do Nematodes Affect the Biosphere? cytes) that form the anterior esophageal glands Tri- V. How Many Species of Nemata? churis. VI. Molecular Diversity in the Nemata VII. Relationships to Other Animal Groups stoma The buccal cavity, just posterior to the oval VIII. Future Knowledge of Nematodes opening or mouth; usually includes the anterior end of the esophagus (pharynx). GLOSSARY pseudocoelom A body cavity not lined with a me- anhydrobiosis A state of dormancy in various in- sodermal epithelium. -
The Origin and Evolution of Arthropods Graham E
INSIGHT REVIEW NATURE|Vol 457|12 February 2009|doi:10.1038/nature07890 The origin and evolution of arthropods Graham E. Budd1 & Maximilian J. Telford2 The past two decades have witnessed profound changes in our understanding of the evolution of arthropods. Many of these insights derive from the adoption of molecular methods by systematists and developmental biologists, prompting a radical reordering of the relationships among extant arthropod classes and their closest non-arthropod relatives, and shedding light on the developmental basis for the origins of key characteristics. A complementary source of data is the discovery of fossils from several spectacular Cambrian faunas. These fossils form well-characterized groupings, making the broad pattern of Cambrian arthropod systematics increasingly consensual. The arthropods are one of the most familiar and ubiquitous of all ani- Arthropods are monophyletic mal groups. They have far more species than any other phylum, yet Arthropods encompass a great diversity of animal taxa known from the living species are merely the surviving branches of a much greater the Cambrian to the present day. The four living groups — myriapods, diversity of extinct forms. One group of crustacean arthropods, the chelicerates, insects and crustaceans — are known collectively as the barnacles, was studied extensively by Charles Darwin. But the origins Euarthropoda. They are united by a set of distinctive features, most and the evolution of arthropods in general, embedded in what is now notably the clear segmentation of their bodies, a sclerotized cuticle and known as the Cambrian explosion, were a source of considerable con- jointed appendages. Even so, their great diversity has led to consider- cern to him, and he devoted a substantial and anxious section of On able debate over whether they had single (monophyletic) or multiple the Origin of Species1 to discussing this subject: “For instance, I cannot (polyphyletic) origins from a soft-bodied, legless ancestor. -
Paleontological Contributions
Paleontological Contributions Number 3 A new Cambrian arthropod, Emeraldella brutoni, from Utah Martin Stein, Stephen B. Church, and Richard A. Robison September 30, 2011 Lawrence, Kansas, USA ISSN 1946-0279 paleo.ku.edu/contributions http://hdl.handle.net/1808/8086 Paleontological Contributions September 30, 2011 Number 3 A NEW CAMBRIAN ARTHROPOD, EMERALDELLA BRUTONI, FROM UTAH Martin Stein,1* Stephen B. Church,2 and Richard A. Robison1 1University of Kansas, Department of Geology, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA, [email protected], [email protected]; 2Sinclair Oil & Gas Company, Salt Lake City, Utah 84130, USA, [email protected] ABSTRACT Emeraldella is a rare arthropod of relatively large body size that belongs with the trilobite-like arthropods, Artiopoda. E. brutoni n. sp. from the Wheeler Formation of west-central Utah is the second species described and marks the first confirmed occurrence of Emeraldella outside the Burgess Shale of British Columbia. An articulated, flagelliform telson, similar to that of the Burgess Shale taxon Molaria, is recognized in Emeraldella. Evidence for the presence of lamellae on the exopods of Molaria is presented, supporting affinity of that taxon with Artiopoda. A close relationship between Emeraldella and Molaria is tentatively suggested, based on the morphology of tergites and telson. Keywords: Wheeler Formation, Drum Mountains, exceptional preservation, Arthropoda INTRODUCTION others (2007), Elrick and Hinnov (2007), Brett and others (2009), Halgedahl and others (2009), and Howley and Jiang (2010), The Wheeler Formation of west-central Utah is well known have provided more detailed information about its stratigraphy for its diverse and exceptionally preserved biota, which was and depositional environments. One of us (S.B.C.) collected the reviewed by Robison (1991). -
Tabelliscolex (Cricocosmiidae: Palaeoscolecidomorpha) from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota, and the Evolution of Seriation in Ecdysozoa
Accepted Manuscript Journal of the Geological Society Tabelliscolex (Cricocosmiidae: Palaeoscolecidomorpha) from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota, and the evolution of seriation in Ecdysozoa Xiaomei Shi, Richard J. Howard, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Xianguang Hou & Xiaoya Ma DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-060 To access the most recent version of this article, please click the DOI URL in the line above. When citing this article please include the above DOI. This article is part of the Advances in the Cambrian Explosion collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/advances-cambrian-explosion Received 26 May 2021 Revised 2 August 2021 Accepted 7 August 2021 © 2021 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Published by The Geological Society of London. Publishing disclaimer: www.geolsoc.org.uk/pub_ethics Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5551565 Manuscript version: Accepted Manuscript This is a PDF of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting and correction before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Although reasonable efforts have been made to obtain all necessary permissions from third parties to include their copyrighted content within this article, their full citation and copyright line may not be present in this Accepted Manuscript version. Before using any content from this article, please refer to the Version of Record once published for full citation and copyright details, as permissions may be required. -
New Cheloniellid Arthropod with Large Raptorial Appendages from the Silurian of Wisconsin, USA
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/407379; this version posted September 7, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. New cheloniellid arthropod with large raptorial appendages from the Silurian of Wisconsin, USA Andrew J. Wendruff1*, Loren E. Babcock2, Donald G. Mikulic3, Joanne Kluessendorf4 1 Department of Biology and Earth Science, Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio, United States of America, 2 Department of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America, 3 Illinois Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America, 4 Weis Earth Science Museum, University of Wisconsin-Fox Valley, Menasha, Wisconsin, United States of America *[email protected] Abstract Cheloniellids comprise a small, distinctive group of Paleozoic arthropods of whose phylogenetic relationships within the Arthropoda remain unresolved. A new form, Xus yus, n. gen, n. sp. is reported from the Waukesha Lagerstatte in the Brandon Bridge Formation (Silurian: Telychian), near Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA. Exceptionally preserved specimens show previously poorly known features including biramous appendages; this is the first cheloniellid to show large, anterior raptorial appendages. We emend the diagnosis of Cheloniellida; cephalic appendages are uniramous and may include raptorial appendages; trunk appendages are biramous. bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/407379; this version posted September 7, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
The Snodgrass Tapes Evolution of the Arthropods Robert Evans Snodgrass Page 1 Figure 1
The Snodgrass Tapes Evolution of the Arthropods The third of three lectures by the insect morphologist Robert Evans Snodgrass delivered to the Department of Entomology at the University of Maryland in 1960. Transcribed, assembled and annotated by Jeffrey W. Shultz Robert Evans Snodgrass Well, the subject today will be the evolution of the arthropods. But, of course, I'll have to admit to begin with that I don't really know the truth of the matter. So, judging from what facts you can get to together... I suppose at the present time that all .... evolution is accepted as a fact by all zoologists. And apparently the fundamentalists have given up trying to do anything about it. Yet it is a theory. And ... But it seems the idea of natural selection well- enough accounts for the physical evolution of animals; that is, certain genes produce the proper variations. But what bothers me about the ... about the evolution of the animals is how did the animal ever become such a com- plex assemblage of chemical substances. I've had a cold, but I guess I can talk through it. Every cell in the body, for example, has to have its own enzymes to do its work it's supposed to do. And all these activities have to be correlated and regulated by hormones, and hormones, again, are just chemical compounds. And, so, it seems to me that that's one of the problems of evolution yet is to find out how all of these chemical substances ever got together in the animal in the proper amount, in the proper places and [how they came] to do the things that they do do... -
Early Cambrian Fuxianhuiids from China Reveal Origin of the Gnathobasic Protopodite in Euarthropods
Early Cambrian fuxianhuiids from China reveal origin of the gnathobasic protopodite in euarthropods The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Yang, Jie, Javier Ortega-Hernández, David A. Legg, Tian Lan, Jin-bo Hou, and Xi-guang Zhang. 2018. “Early Cambrian fuxianhuiids from China reveal origin of the gnathobasic protopodite in euarthropods.” Nature Communications 9 (1): 470. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02754-z. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02754-z. Published Version doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02754-z Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:35015071 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02754-z OPEN Early Cambrian fuxianhuiids from China reveal origin of the gnathobasic protopodite in euarthropods Jie Yang1, Javier Ortega-Hernández 2,3, David A. Legg 4, Tian Lan5, Jin-bo Hou1 & Xi-guang Zhang 1 Euarthropods owe their evolutionary and ecological success to the morphological plasticity of their appendages. Although this variability is partly expressed in the specialization of the 1234567890():,; protopodite for a feeding function in the post-deutocerebral limbs, the origin of the former structure among Cambrian representatives remains uncertain. Here, we describe Alacaris mirabilis gen. et sp. nov. from the early Cambrian Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte in China, which reveals the proximal organization of fuxianhuiid appendages in exceptional detail. -
Aysheaia Prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) Is a Frontal Appendage of the Radiodontan Stanleycaris
Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris STEPHEN PATES, ALLISON C. DALEY, and JAVIER ORTEGA-HERNÁNDEZ Pates, S., Daley, A.C., and J. Ortega-Hernández, J. 2017. Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62 (3): 619–625. Aysheaia prolata, was described as the only lobopodian from the Drumian (Cambrian) Wheeler Formation in Utah, USA, and the sole representative of this genus besides the type species Aysheaia pedunculata, from the Cambrian (Stage 5) Stephen Formation, British Columbia. A redescription of Aysheaia prolata reveals previously overlooked morphological features, including segmental boundaries between putative lobopods, and curved terminal spines on the putative anterior end. These observations undermine lobopodian affinities of Aysheaia prolata, and instead we interpret this specimen as an isolated radiodontan frontal appendage. The presence of 11 podomeres, five of which possess elongate and anteri- orly recurved ventral blades with auxiliary spines, together with shorter robust dorsal spines, identify the specimen as Stanleycaris. This represents the first report of Stanelycaris outside of the Cambrian Stage 5 thin Stephen Formation in British Columbia, expanding its palaeobiogeographic and stratigraphic range. Aysheaia is left as a monotypic genus endemic to the Burgess Shale. The Spence Shale luolishaniid Acinocrinus stichus is currently the only lobopodian known from the Cambrian of Utah. Key words: Euarthropoda, Radiodonta, Hurdiidae, Cambrian, United States. Stephen Pates [[email protected]], Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK. Allison C. Daley [[email protected]], Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.