Worms, Nematoda
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Nematode Management for Bedding Plants1 William T
ENY-052 Nematode Management for Bedding Plants1 William T. Crow2 Florida is the “land of flowers.” Surely, one of the things that Florida is known for is the beauty of its vegetation. Due to the tropical and subtropical environment, color can abound in Florida landscapes year-round. Unfortunately, plants are not the only organisms that enjoy the mild climate. Due to warm temperatures, sandy soil, and humidity, Florida has more than its fair share of pests and pathogens that attack bedding plants. Plant-parasitic nematodes (Figure 1) can be among the most damaging and hard-to-control of these organisms. What are nematodes? Nematodes are unsegmented roundworms, different from earthworms and other familiar worms that are segmented (annelids) or in some cases flattened and slimy (flatworms). Many kinds of nematodes may be found in the soil of any landscape. Most are beneficial, feeding on bacteria, fungi, or other microscopic organisms, and some may be used as biological control organisms to help manage important insect pests. Plant-parasitic nematodes are nematodes that Figure 1. Diagram of a generic plant-parasitic nematode. feed on live plants (Figure 1). Credits: R. P. Esser, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry; used with permission. Plant-parasitic nematodes are very small and most can only be seen using a microscope (Figure 2). All plant-parasitic nematodes have a stylet or mouth-spear that is similar in structure and function to a hypodermic needle (Figure 3). 1. This document is ENY-052, one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension. -
Nematicidal Properties of Some Algal Aqueous Extracts Against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne Incognita in Vitro
6 Egypt. J. Agronematol., Vol. 15, No.1, PP. 67-78 (2016) Nematicidal properties of some algal aqueous extracts against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vitro Ahmed H. Nour El-Deen(*,***)and Ahmed A. Issa(**,***) * Nematology Research Unit, Agricultural Zoology Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt. ** Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut , Egypt. *** Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia. Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The effectiveness of aqueous extracts derived from nine algal species at different concentrations on egg hatching and mortality of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood juveniles after various exposure times were determined in vitro. Results indicated that Enteromorpha flexuosa at the concentration of 80% was the best treatment for suppressing the egg hatching with value of 2 % after 5 days of exposure, followed by Dilsea carnosa extract (3%) and Codium fragile (4%) at the same concentration and exposure time. Likewise, application of C. fragile, D. carnosa , E. flexuosa and Cystoseira myrica extracts at the concentrations of 80 and 60% were highly toxic to the nematodes, killing more than 90 % of nematode larva after 72 hours of exposure while the others gave quite low mortalities. The characteristic appearances in shape of the nematodes killed by C. fragile, D. carnosa , C. myrica, E. flexuosa and Sargassum muticum was sigmoid (∑-shape) with some curved shape; whereas, the nematodes killed by other algal species mostly followed straight or bent shapes. The present study proved that four species of algae C. fragile, D. carnosa, C. myrica and E. flexuosa could be used for the bio-control of root-knot nematodes. -
Control Root-Knot Nematodes in Your Garden
Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA7529 Control Root-Knot Nematodes in Your Garden Stephen Vann Introduction plants to any extent. A female Assistant Professor root-knot nematode (Figure 2) can lay Urban Plant Pathologist Root-knot nematodes are up to 500 eggs at a time, and root microscopic worms that live in soil damage results from the sheer T.L. Kirkpatrick and feed on the roots of many common number of nematodes feeding on roots Professor - garden crops (Figures 1 and 2). The by the end of the summer. Root-knot Plant Pathologist nematode gets its name because its nematodes tend to be more of a feeding causes galls (swellings or problem in sandy soils. Rick Cartwright “knots”) to form on the roots of infected Professor plants (Figure 3). Root-knot nematodes Symptoms Plant Pathologist are scientifically classified in the genus Meloidogyne. There are several species So how do you tell if root-knot of Meloidogyne, but M. incognita, also nematodes are a problem in your known as the southern root-knot garden? nematode, is the most common one in gardens in Arkansas. First, look for plants that are not performing well. Usually, not all of Some of the crops that may be your plants will be affected to the severely damaged are tomato, pepper, same degree, and some will be “more okra, watermelon, cantaloupe, onion, sick” than others. Symptoms can pumpkin, squash, sweet potato, sweet include stunting, yellowing, wilting corn, carrot, eggplant, bean and pea. during the heat of the day with recov Root-knot nematodes also feed and ery at night, fewer and smaller fruit multiply on many garden weeds, and general decline – usually during although they may not injure these the summer as the plants get bigger. -
Strongyloides Myopotami (Secernentea: Strongyloididae) from the Intestine of Feral Nutrias (Myocastor Coypus) in Korea
ISSN (Print) 0023-4001 ISSN (Online) 1738-0006 Korean J Parasitol Vol. 52, No. 5: 531-535, October 2014 ▣ CASE REPORT http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.531 Strongyloides myopotami (Secernentea: Strongyloididae) from the Intestine of Feral Nutrias (Myocastor coypus) in Korea Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Mihyeon Oh, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Keeseon S. Eom* Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute and Parasite Resource Bank, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 361-763, Korea Abstract: Surveys on helminthic fauna of the nutria, Myocastor coypus, have seldom been performed in the Republic of Korea. In the present study, we describe Strongyloides myopotami (Secernentea: Strongyloididae) recovered from the small intestine of feral nutrias. Total 10 adult nutrias were captured in a wetland area in Gimhae-si (City), Gyeongsangnam- do (Province) in April 2013. They were transported to our laboratory, euthanized with ether, and necropsied. About 1,300 nematode specimens were recovered from 10 nutrias, and some of them were morphologically observed by light and scanning electron microscopies. They were 3.7-4.7 (4.0± 0.36) mm in length, 0.03-0.04 (0.033) mm in width. The worm dimension and other morphological characters, including prominent lips of the vulva, blunted conical tail, straight type of the ovary, and 8-chambered stoma, were all consistent with S. myopotami. This nematode fauna is reported for the first time in Korea. Key words: Strongyloides myopotami, nutria, Myocastor coypus The nutria (Myocastor coypus) or coypu rat is a large rodent notic diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites [1]. -
Classification of Parasites BLY 459 First Lab Test (October 10, 2010)
Classification of Parasites BLY 459 First Lab Test (October 10, 2010) If a taxonomic name is not in bold type, you will not be held responsible for it on the lab exam. Terms and common names that may be asked are also listed. I have attempted to be consistent with the taxonomic schemes in your text as well as to list all slides and live specimens that were displayed. In addition to highlighted taxa, be familiar with, material in lab handouts (especially proper nomenclature), lab display sheets, as well as material presented in lecture. Questions about vectors and locations within hosts will be asked. Be able to recognize healthy from infected tissue. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Class Turbellaria Dugesia (=Planaria ) Free-living, anatomy, X-section Bdelloura horseshoe crab gills Class Monogenea Gyrodactylus , Neobenedenis, Ergocotyle gills of freshwater fish Neopolystoma urinary bladder of turtles Class Trematoda ( Flukes ) Subclass Digenea Life-cycle stages: Recognize miracidia, sporocyst, redia, cercaria , metacercaria, adults & anatomy, model Order ?? Hirudinella ventricosa wahoo stomach Nasitrema nasal cavity of bottlenose dolphin Order Strigeiformes Family Schistosomatidae Schistosoma japonicum adults, male & female, liver granuloma & healthy liver, ova, cercariae, no metacercariae, adults in mesenteric intestinal veins Order Echinostomatiformes Family Fasciolidae Fasciola hepatica sheep & human liver, liver fluke Order Plagiorchiformes Family Dicrocoeliidae Dicrocoelium & Eurytrema Cure for All Diseases by Hulda Clark, Paragonimus -
Multi-Gene Analyses of the Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda Donald J
Zoological Studies 47(3): 338-351 (2008) Multi-Gene Analyses of the Phylogenetic Relationships among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda Donald J. Colgan1,*, Patricia A. Hutchings2, and Emma Beacham1 1Evolutionary Biology Unit, The Australian Museum, 6 College St. Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia 2Marine Invertebrates, The Australian Museum, 6 College St., Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia (Accepted October 29, 2007) Donald J. Colgan, Patricia A. Hutchings, and Emma Beacham (2008) Multi-gene analyses of the phylogenetic relationships among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. Zoological Studies 47(3): 338-351. The current understanding of metazoan relationships is largely based on analyses of 18S ribosomal RNA ('18S rRNA'). In this paper, DNA sequence data from 2 segments of 28S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, histone H3, and U2 small nuclear (sn)RNA were compiled and used to test phylogenetic relationships among the Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. The 18S rRNA data were included in the compilations for comparison. The analyses were especially directed at testing the implication of the Eutrochozoan hypothesis that the Annelida and Mollusca are more closely related than are the Annelida and Arthropoda and at determining whether, in contrast to analyses using only 18S rRNA, the addition of data from other genes would reveal these phyla to be monophyletic. New data and available sequences were compiled for up to 49 molluscs, 33 annelids, 22 arthropods, and 27 taxa from 15 other metazoan phyla. The Porifera, Ctenophora, and Cnidaria were used as the outgroup. The Annelida, Mollusca, Entoprocta, Phoronida, Nemertea, Brachiopoda, and Sipuncula (i.e., all studied Lophotrochozoa except for the Bryozoa) formed a monophyletic clade with maximum likelihood bootstrap support of 81% and a Bayesian posterior probability of 0.66 when all data were analyzed. -
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Letter Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2009;67(4):1093-1096 AlicAtA DiSEASE Neuroinfestation by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Ana Rosa Melo Correa Lima1, Solange Dornelas Mesquita2, Silvana Sobreira Santos1, Eduardo Raniere Pessoa de Aquino1, Luana da Rocha Samico Rosa3, Fábio Souza Duarte3, Alessandra Oliveira Teixeira1, Zenize Rocha da Silva Costa4, Maria Lúcia Brito Ferreira5 Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is a nematode in the panying the patient reported that she had presented a rash as- Secernentea class, Strongylidae order, Metastrongylidæ sociated with joint pain, followed by progressive difficulty in superfamily and Angiostrongylidæ family1, and is the walking for 30 days, which was associated with sleepiness over most common cause of human eosinophilic meningi- the last 15 days. tis worldwide. This parasite has rats and other mammals In the patient’s past history, there were references to mental as definitive hosts and snails, freshwater shrimp, fish, retardation and lack of ability to understanding simple orders. frogs and monitor lizards as intermediate hosts1. Mam- She presented independent gait and had frequently run away mals are infected by ingestion of intermediate hosts from home into the surrounding area. There was mention of in- and raw/undercooked snails or vegetables, contain- voluntary movements, predominantly of the upper limbs, which ing third-stage larvae2. Once infested, the larvae pen- intensified after the change of health status that motivated the etrate the vasculature of the intestinal tract and pro- current search for medical assistance. In November 2007, the pa- mote an inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia and tient presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and was lymphocytosis. This produces rupture of the blood- medicated with carbamazepine, 200 mg/twice a day. -
Morphology and Taxonomy of Xiphinema ( Nematoda: Longidoridae) Occurring in Arkansas,USA
江西农业大学学报 2010,32( 5): 0928 - 0945 http: / /xuebao. jxau. edu. cn Acta AGriculturae Universitatis JianGxiensis E - mail: ndxb7775@ sina. com Morphology and Taxonomy of Xiphinema ( Nematoda: Longidoridae) Occurring in Arkansas,USA YE Weimin 1,2 ,ROBBINS R. T. 1 ( 1. Department of Plant PatholoGy,NematoloGy Laboratory,2601 N. YounG Ave. ,University of Arkan- sas,Fayetteville,AR 72704,USA. 2. Present address: Nematode Assay Laboratory,North Carolina Depart- ment of AGriculture and Consumer Services,RaleiGh,NC 27607,USA) Abstract: In a survey,primarily from the rhizosphere of hardwood trees GrowinG on sandy stream banks, for lonGidorids,828 soil samples were collected from 37 Arkansas counties in 1999—2001. One hundred twenty-seven populations of Xiphinema were recovered from 452 of the 828 soil samples ( 54. 6% ),includinG 71 populations of X. americanum sensu lato,33 populations of X. bakeri,23 populations of X. chambersi and one population of X. krugi. The morpholoGical and morphometric characteristics of these Arkansas species are presented. MorpholoGical and morphometric characteristics are also Given for two populations of X. krugi from Hawaii and North Carolina. Key words: Arkansas; morpholoGy; SEM; survey; taxonomy; Xiphinema americanum; X. bakeri; X. chambersi; X. krugi. 中图分类号: Q959. 17; S432. 4 + 5 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1000 - 2286( 2010) 05 - 0928 - 18 Xiphinema species are miGratory ectoparasites of both herbaceous and woody plants. Direct feedinG dam- aGe may result in root-tip GallinG and stuntinG of top Growth. In addition,some species -
Parasite Kit Description List (PDF)
PARASITE KIT DESCRIPTION PARASITES 1. Acanthamoeba 39. Diphyllobothrium 77. Isospora 115. Pneumocystis 2. Acanthocephala 40. Dipylidium 78. Isthmiophora 116. Procerovum 3. Acanthoparyphium 41. Dirofilaria 79. Leishmania 117. Prosthodendrium 4. Amoeba 42. Dracunculus 80. Linguatula 118. Pseudoterranova 5. Ancylostoma 43. Echinochasmus 81. Loa Loa 119. Pygidiopsis 6. Angiostrongylus 44. Echinococcus 82. Mansonella 120. Raillietina 7. Anisakis 45. Echinoparyphium 83. Mesocestoides 121. Retortamonas 8. Armillifer 46. Echinostoma 84. Metagonimus 122. Sappinia 9. Artyfechinostomum 47. Eimeria 85. Metastrongylus 123. Sarcocystis 10. Ascaris 48. Encephalitozoon 86. Microphallus 124. Schistosoma 11. Babesia 49. Endolimax 87. Microsporidia 1 125. Spirometra 12. Balamuthia 50. Entamoeba 88. Microsporidia 2 126. Stellantchasmus 13. Balantidium 51. Enterobius 89. Multiceps 127. Stephanurus 14. Baylisascaris 52. Enteromonas 90. Naegleria 128. Stictodora 15. Bertiella 53. Episthmium 91. Nanophyetus 129. Strongyloides 16. Besnoitia 54. Euparyphium 92. Necator 130. Syngamus 17. Blastocystis 55. Eustrongylides 93. Neodiplostomum 131. Taenia 18. Brugia.M 56. Fasciola 94. Neoparamoeba 132. Ternidens 19. Brugia.T 57. Fascioloides 95. Neospora 133. Theileria 20. Capillaria 58. Fasciolopsis 96. Nosema 134. Thelazia 21. Centrocestus 59. Fischoederius 97. Oesophagostmum 135. Toxocara 22. Chilomastix 60. Gastrodiscoides 98. Onchocerca 136. Toxoplasma 23. Clinostomum 61. Gastrothylax 99. Opisthorchis 137. Trachipleistophora 24. Clonorchis 62. Giardia 100. Orientobilharzia 138. Trichinella 25. Cochliopodium 63. Gnathostoma 101. Paragonimus 139. Trichobilharzia 26. Contracaecum 64. Gongylonema 102. Passalurus 140. Trichomonas 27. Cotylurus 65. Gryodactylus 103. Pentatrichormonas 141. Trichostrongylus 28. Cryptosporidium 66. Gymnophalloides 104. Pfiesteria 142. Trichuris 29. Cutaneous l.migrans 67. Haemochus 105. Phagicola 143. Tritrichomonas 30. Cyclocoelinae 68. Haemoproteus 106. Phaneropsolus 144. Trypanosoma 31. Cyclospora 69. Hammondia 107. Phocanema 145. Uncinaria 32. -
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Longidorus Americanum N
Journal of Nematology 37(1):94–104. 2005. ©The Society of Nematologists 2005. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Longidorus americanum n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae), aNeedle Nematode Parasitizing Pine in Georgia Z. A. H andoo, 1 L. K. C arta, 1 A. M. S kantar, 1 W. Y e , 2 R. T. R obbins, 2 S. A. S ubbotin, 3 S. W. F raedrich, 4 and M. M. C ram4 Abstract: We describe and illustrate anew needle nematode, Longidorus americanum n. sp., associated with patches of severely stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine, ( Pinus taeda L.) seedlings in seedbeds at the Flint River Nursery (Byromville, GA). It is characterized by having females with abody length of 5.4–9.0 mm; lip region slightly swollen, anteriorly flattened, giving the anterior end atruncate appearance; long odontostyle (124–165 µm); vulva at 44%–52% of body length; and tail conoid, bluntly rounded to almost hemispherical. Males are rare but present, and in general shorter than females. The new species is morphologically similar to L. biformis, L. paravineacola, L. saginus, and L. tarjani but differs from these species either by the body, odontostyle and total stylet length, or by head and tail shape. Sequence data from the D2–D3 region of the 28S rDNA distinguishes this new species from other Longidorus species. Phylogenetic relationships of Longidorus americanum n. sp. with other longidorids based on analysis of this DNA fragment are presented. Additional information regarding the distribution of this species within the region is required. Key words: DNA sequencing, Georgia, loblolly pine, Longidorus americanum n. sp., molecular data, morphology, new species, needle nematode, phylogenetics, SEM, taxonomy. -
Occurrence of Physaloptera Praeputialis in a Leopard Rescued
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(5): 2276-2278 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Occurrence of Physaloptera praeputialis in a JEZS 2018; 6(5): 2276-2278 © 2018 JEZS leopard rescued from Odisha, India Received: 18-07-2018 Accepted: 19-08-2018 Sourabh Ranjan Hota Sourabh Ranjan Hota, Niranjana Sahoo, Bijayendranath Mohanty, Debi Research Associate, Centre for Prasanna Das and Jasmine Pamia Wildlife Health, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Abstract Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India An adult Indian male leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) aged 4 years was rescued near a Bungalow in Athmallik Wildlife Division, Odisha during December, 2016 with signs of paraplegia, multiple external Niranjana Sahoo skin injuries and contusion at lumbar vertebrae which succumbed 3days following treatment. Twenty- Professor and Head, Department eight Physaloptera praeputialis were recovered from the stomach during post-mortem examination. The of Preventive Medicine cum average length of females was 3.5 cm as against 2.8cm in males. Females showed a distinct brown ring Project Coordinator, Centre for around the vulva. Microscopic examination revealed presence of a cuticular sheath resembling a prepuce Wildlife Health, College of at the anterior end, two pseudolips over the head and cuticular sheath beyond the tail end of the body as Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, additional characteristic features. The report reflects the first of its kind from the leopard. Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Keywords: Physaloptera praeputialis, nematode, leopard, Panthera pardus fusca, India Bijayendranath Mohanty Assistant Professor, Department Introduction of Veterinary Parasitology, Physalopterids represent a group of parasitic nematodes, belonging to the order Spirurida and College of Veterinary Science and family Physalopteridae, inhabiting the digestive tract of amphibians, reptiles, birds and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, [1] Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India mammals over the world . -
Zoonotic Abbreviata Caucasica in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes Verus) from Senegal
pathogens Article Zoonotic Abbreviata caucasica in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) from Senegal Younes Laidoudi 1,2 , Hacène Medkour 1,2 , Maria Stefania Latrofa 3, Bernard Davoust 1,2, Georges Diatta 2,4,5, Cheikh Sokhna 2,4,5, Amanda Barciela 6 , R. Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar 6,7 , Didier Raoult 1,2, Domenico Otranto 3 and Oleg Mediannikov 1,2,* 1 IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, 19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (B.D.); [email protected] (D.R.) 2 IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; [email protected] (G.D.); [email protected] (C.S.) 3 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; [email protected] (M.S.L.); [email protected] (D.O.) 4 IRD, SSA, APHM, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 19-21, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France 5 VITROME, IRD 257, Campus International UCAD-IRD, Hann, Dakar, Senegal 6 Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (R.A.H.-A.) 7 Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-041-373-2401 Received: 19 April 2020; Accepted: 23 June 2020; Published: 27 June 2020 Abstract: Abbreviata caucasica (syn.