BIBLIOGRAPHY Adolof, Keziakheren. 2014. Slang Dalam

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Adolof, KeziaKheren. 2014. Slang dalam lagu Black Eyed Peas. Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Retrieved on May 12th, 2018. Bolinger, Dwight, and Donal A. Sears. (1981). Aspects of Language. 3rd Edition. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. Dalzell’s dictionary,Tom. (2009). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American SLANG and Unconventional English. Routledge. Devos, Jan. (2007). The Evolution of Hip-Hop Culture. Bachelor Secundair Onderwijs Algemene Vakken. Egilistiani, Rahmita, and friends. (2015). P Language Wordplay by Teenagers on Twitter in 2011 – 2013: A Sociolinguistic Study. International Journal of English and Education. Pg. 217-218. Retrieved on December 14th, 2017. Friedman, Robin. (2007). Dynamic English. Journal USA. Pg. 14. Retrieved on December 14th,2017. Fromkin, Victoria, and friends. (2011). Introduction to Language: Ninth Edition. Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Hornby, A. S. (2010). Oxford: Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. OXFORD University Press. Hudson, R.A. (1980). Sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press. Jenks, David A, and friends. The Los Angeles Police Department’s West Point Leadership Program: Participant Survey. Retrieved on March 1st, 2018. Marttinen, Meri. (2010). U or non-U?: A study on social factors and word choices in contemporary British English. University of Jyväskylä. Pg. 1-34. Retrieved on May 13th, 2018. Muhartoyo, and Baby Samantha Wijaya. (2014). THE USE OF ENGLISH SLANG WORDS IN INFORMAL COMMUNICATION AMONG 8th SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT IN BINUS UNIVERSITY.HUMANIORA.Pg. 197-209 Nordquist, Richard. (2017). Slang in the English Language. Retrieved on November 1st, 2017. 51 Online Slang Dictionary. (2018). The Online Slang Dictionary (American, English, and Urban slang).Retrieved on March 1st, 2018. From :http://onlineslangdictionary.com/ Oxford Online Dictionary.(2018). English Oxford living dictionaries. Retrieved on March 1st, 2018. From :https://en.oxforddictionaries.com Quillian, Lincoln, and Devah Pager. (2001). Black Neighbors, Higher Crime? The Role of Racial Stereotypes in Evaluations of Neighborhood Crime. American Journal of Sociology. Retrieved on May 14th, 2018. Spears’ dictionary, Ph.D, Richard. (2000). NTC’s DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN SLANG AND COLLOQUIAL EXPRESSIONS: THE MOST PRACTICAL REFERENCE FOR THE INFORMAL EXPRESSIONS OF CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN ENGLISH. NTC Publishing Group. Sudaryanto. (1993). Metode Dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa: Pengantar Penelitian Wahana Kebudayaan Secara Linguistics. Duta Wacana University Press. Trudgill, Peter. (1983). Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society. Penguin Book. Urban Dictionary.(2018). Urban dictionary. Retrieved on March 1st, 2018. From :https://www.urbandictionary.com/ Wardhaugh, Ronald. (2006). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 5th Edition.Blackwell Publishing. Yule, George. (2010). The Study of Language: Fourth Edition. Cambridge. Zhou, Yanchun and Fan, Yanchong. (2013). A Sociolinguistic Study of American Slang.Theory and Practice in Language Studies. Pg. 2209-2213 52 .

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Online Dictionaries As Emergent Archives of Contemporary Usage and Collaborative Codification
Online Dictionaries as Emergent Archives of Contemporary Usage and Collaborative Codification Colleen Cotter Queen Mary, University of London John Damaso Arizona State University February 2007 Abstract Within the history of modern English lexicography, individual dictionary editors have had ultimate control over the selection, meaning, and illustration of words; extensive collaboration with contributors has been limited. However, Internet technologies that easily permit exchanges between a user and a database have allowed a new type of dictionary online, one that is built by the collaboration of contributing end-users, allowing ordinary users of dictionaries who are not trained lexicographers to engage in dictionary-making. We discuss a popular online slang dictionary called UrbanDictionary.com (UD) to illustrate how lexicographic principles are joined with Web-only communication technologies to provide a context for collaborative engagement and meaning-making; and to note the many characteristics and functions shared with the traditional print dictionary. Significantly, UD captures what most traditional English dictionaries fall short of: recording ephemeral quotidian spoken language and representing popular views of meaning. By relying on the users of language to select and define words for a dictionary, UD, which defines more than 1 million words, has in effect influenced access to and formulation of the lexis. Keywords computer-mediated communication, lexicography, slang, youth language; English Queen Mary’s OPAL #9 Occasional Papers Advancing Linguistics 1 Introduction English lexicography stems from a tradition of relatively limited functional collaboration, beginning with Samuel Johnson’s dictionary in 1755, in which editors overseeing numerous contributors held the ultimate authority over the selection, meaning, and illustration of words.
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