Autism Practice Parameters
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Neural Signatures of Autism
Neural signatures of autism Martha D. Kaisera, Caitlin M. Hudaca, Sarah Shultza,b, Su Mei Leea,b, Celeste Cheunga, Allison M. Berkena, Ben Deena, Naomi B. Pitskela, Daniel R. Sugruea, Avery C. Voosa, Celine A. Saulniera, Pamela Ventolaa, Julie M. Wolfa, Ami Klina, Brent C. Vander Wyka, and Kevin A. Pelphreya,b,1 aYale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, and bDepartment of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 Edited by Dale Purves, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, and approved October 13, 2010 (received for review July 19, 2010) Functional magnetic resonance imaging of brain responses to bi- well illustrated by the discovery that point-light displays (i.e., vid- ological motion in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), eos created by placing lights on the major joints of a person and unaffected siblings (US) of children with ASD, and typically devel- filming them moving in the dark), although relatively impov- oping (TD) children has revealed three types of neural signatures: (i) erished stimuli, contain sufficient information to identify the kind state activity, related to the state of having ASD that characterizes of motion being produced (e.g., walking, dancing, reaching), as the nature of disruption in brain circuitry; (ii) trait activity, reflecting well as the identity of the agent (8). Visual sensitivity to biological shared areas of dysfunction in US and children with ASD, thereby motion is an evolutionarily well-conserved and ontogenetically providing a promising neuroendophenotype to facilitate efforts to early-emerging mechanism that is fundamental to adaptive social bridge genomic complexity and disorder heterogeneity; and (iii) engagement (9); for example, newly hatched chicks recognize bi- compensatory activity, unique to US, suggesting a neural system– ological motion in point-light displays (10), and 2-d-old human level mechanism by which US might compensate for an increased infants preferentially attend to biological motion in point-light genetic risk for developing ASD. -
The TEACCH Program in the Era of Evidence-Based Practice
J Autism Dev Disord DOI 10.1007/s10803-009-0901-6 ORIGINAL PAPER The TEACCH Program in the Era of Evidence-Based Practice Gary B. Mesibov • Victoria Shea Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 Abstract ‘Evidence-based practice’ as initially defined in children with autism (e.g., Rogers 1998; Rogers and Vis- medicine and adult psychotherapy had limited applicability mara 2008). to autism interventions, but recent elaborations of the The initial definitions for EST in psychology were quite concept by the American Psychological Association (Am rigid (e.g., requiring evidence from at least two group Psychol 61: 271–285, 2006) and Kazdin (Am Psychol studies using randomized controlled trials or nine single- 63(1):146–159, 2008) have increased its relevance to our case studies, using a treatment manual, and employing a field. This article discusses the TEACCH program (of research design that demonstrated that the intervention which the first author is director) as an example of an being studied was better than another treatment [not just evidence-based practice in light of recent formulations of ‘no treatment’ or a ‘waiting list control group’]). These that concept. criteria, designed to evaluate adult psychotherapy, were not a particularly good fit for evaluating autism interventions Keywords TEACCH Á Evidence-based because of the relatively limited research base and the extremely heterogeneous population of people with autism, among other factors (Mesibov and Shea 2009) (The term Brief History of Evidence-Based Practice autism will be used from this point forward to mean all autism spectrum disorders.). The concept of evidence-based interventions began in the Actually, many psychologists chafed under the early field of medicine in the 1970’s and in recent years has been EST criteria, leading the American Psychological Associ- employed in many other disciplines. -
May 9-12 Rotterdam Netherlands
2018 ANNUAL MEETING MAY 9-12 ROTTERDAM NETHERLANDS PROGRAM BOOK www.autism-insar.org INSAR 2018 Sponsors We thank the following organizations for their generous support of the INSAR Annual Meeting. Platinum Sponsor Level Gold Sponsor Level Silver Sponsor Level Autism Science Foundation Hilibrand Foundation Nancy Lurie Marks Family Foundation TABLE OF CONTENTS Sponsorship .................................Inside Front Cover TABLE OF CONTENTS Special Interest Groups Schedule .......................... 6 Speaker Ready Room ............................................ 6 De Doelen Floor Plans ........................................ 7-9 Meeting Information Schedule-At-A-Glance .................................... 10-12 In-Conjunction Events .................................... 13-14 Keynote Speakers .............................................. 15 Awardees ..................................................... 16-19 INSAR MISSION Acknowledgments .......................................... 20-21 STATEMENT To promote the highest quality INSAR Summer Institute .................................... 22 research in order to improve the Abstract Author Index ...................................... 134 lives of people affected by autism. General Information .......................................... 208 Exhibitors ....................................................... 210 Strategic Initiatives Setting the Bar: Increase the quality, AM diversity and relevance of research promoted through annual meetings, journal, Keynote Address ............................................... -
Autism Spectrum Disorder: an Overview and Update
Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Overview and Update Brandon Rennie, PhD Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities Division Center for Development and Disability University of New Mexico Department of Pediatrics DATE, 2016 Acknowledgements: Courtney Burnette, PHD, Sylvia Acosta, PhD, Maryann Trott, MA, BCBA Introduction to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) • What is ASD? • A complex neurodevelopmental condition • Neurologically based- underlying genetic and neurobiological origins • Developmental- evident early in life and impacts social development • Lifelong- no known cure • Core characteristics • Impairments in social interaction and social communication • Presence of restricted behavior, interests and activities • Wide variations in presentation DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria • Deficits in social communication and social interaction (3) • Social approach/interaction • Nonverbal communication • Relationships • Presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (2) • Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, objects, speech • Routines • Restricted interests • Sensory* From Rain Man To Sheldon Cooper- Autism in the Media 1910 Bleuler • First use of the word autistic • From “autos”, Greek word meaning “self” 1943 Leo Kanner 1944 Hans Asperger 1975 1:5000 1985 1:2500 1995 1:500 “When my brother trained at Children's Hospital at Harvard in the 1970s, they admitted a child with autism, and the head of the hospital brought all of the residents through to see. He said, 'You've got to see this case; you'll never see it -
Measuring the Effectiveness of Play As an Intervention to Support
Measuring the Effectiveness of Play as an Intervention to Support Language Development in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Hierarchically- Modeled Meta-Analysis by Gregory V. Boerio Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education in the Educational Leadership Program Youngstown State University May, 2021 Measuring the Effectiveness of Play as an Intervention to Support Language Development in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Hierarchically- Modeled Meta-Analysis Gregory V. Boerio I hereby release this dissertation to the public. I understand that this dissertation will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: _______________________________________________________________ Gregory V. Boerio, Student Date Approvals: _______________________________________________________________ Dr. Karen H. Larwin, Dissertation Chair Date _______________________________________________________________ Dr. Patrick T. Spearman, Committee Member Date _______________________________________________________________ Dr. Carrie R. Jackson, Committee Member Date _______________________________________________________________ Dr. Matthew J. Erickson, Committee Member Date _______________________________________________________________ Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Dean of Graduate Studies Date ii © G. Boerio 2021 iii Abstract The purpose of the current investigation is to analyze extant research examining the impact of play therapy on the development of language skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As rates of ASD diagnoses continue to increase, families and educators are faced with making critical decisions regarding the selection and implementation of evidence-based practices or therapies, including play-based interventions, to support the developing child as early as 18 months of age. -
Utilizing Social Stories to Reduce Problem Behavior And
UTILIZING SOCIAL STORIES TO REDUCE PROBLEM BEHAVIOR AND INCREASE PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN YOUNG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM ________________________________________________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia ________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ________________________________________________________________________ By LISA A. WRIGHT Dr. Rebecca McCathren, Dissertation Supervisor DECEMBER 2007 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled UTILIZING SOCIAL STORIES TO REDUCE PROBLEM BEHAVIOR AND INCREASE PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN YOUNG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM presented by Lisa A. Wright, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. _________________________________________________ Dr. Rebecca McCathren _________________________________________________ Dr. Janine Stichter _________________________________________________ Dr. Erica Lembke _________________________________________________ Dr. Marilyn Hargrove _________________________________________________ Dr. Greg Holliday ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank Dr. Rebecca McCathren for her dedication and support throughout my educational pursuits. She has been a stable, encouraging force in my life for many years. Her patience and gentle manner have been much -
Sensory Processing Disorder and Occupational Therapy
Running head: SENSORY PROCESSING DISORDER AND OCCUPATIONAL 1 Sensory Processing Disorder and Occupational Therapy (Persuasive Essay) ENGL 2201 East Carolina University SENSORY PROCESSING DISORDER AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 2 Sensory Processing Disorder is a condition that causes hyposensitivity and hypersensitivity among its victims. Many people who suffer from Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) also have other disabilities such as autism, ADHD, and other cognitive disorders. According to The Professional Counselor, approximately 5-17% of the population has symptoms of SPD (Goodman-Scott & Lambert, 2015. p. 274). There has been an ongoing debate among medical professionals on whether SPD should be considered its own disorder. Currently in the DSM-V, SPD is not classified as its own disorder because these symptoms are often accompanied by other cognitive disorders. Even though SPD is not in the DSM-V it is still imperative that these individuals seek treatment for their symptoms. For the last 50 years, occupational therapists have been studying this disorder, and formulating treatment plans to help relieve symptoms (Goodman-Scott, & Lambert, 2015. p. 274). Occupational therapists goal is to improve a patient’s quality of life by using individualized, evidence based treatment plans. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, occupational therapy is considered the main form of treatment for symptoms of SPD because it is noted in the DSM-V as a symptom of autism (Critz, Blake, & Nogueira, 2015. p. 711). Some of the treatment plans occupational therapists use to relieve symptoms of SPD among their patients are sensory integration programs, sensory diets, floortime therapy, and self-management programs. This article argues for the effectiveness of the treatment methods implemented by occupational therapists on individuals with symptoms of SPD. -
Specificity of Psychosis, Mania and Major Depression in A
Molecular Psychiatry (2014) 19, 209–213 & 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 1359-4184/14 www.nature.com/mp ORIGINAL ARTICLE Specificity of psychosis, mania and major depression in a contemporary family study CL Vandeleur1, KR Merikangas2, M-PF Strippoli1, E Castelao1 and M Preisig1 There has been increasing attention to the subgroups of mood disorders and their boundaries with other mental disorders, particularly psychoses. The goals of the present paper were (1) to assess the familial aggregation and co-aggregation patterns of the full spectrum of mood disorders (that is, bipolar, schizoaffective (SAF), major depression) based on contemporary diagnostic criteria; and (2) to evaluate the familial specificity of the major subgroups of mood disorders, including psychotic, manic and major depressive episodes (MDEs). The sample included 293 patients with a lifetime diagnosis of SAF disorder, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD), 110 orthopedic controls, and 1734 adult first-degree relatives. The diagnostic assignment was based on all available information, including direct diagnostic interviews, family history reports and medical records. Our findings revealed specificity of the familial aggregation of psychosis (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 2.9, confidence interval (CI): 1.1–7.7), mania (OR ¼ 6.4, CI: 2.2–18.7) and MDEs (OR ¼ 2.0, CI: 1.5–2.7) but not hypomania (OR ¼ 1.3, CI: 0.5–3.6). There was no evidence for cross-transmission of mania and MDEs (OR ¼ .7, CI:.5–1.1), psychosis and mania (OR ¼ 1.0, CI:.4–2.7) or psychosis and MDEs (OR ¼ 1.0, CI:.7–1.4). -
2021 Psychiatry CERT Content Specifications
CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION IN PSYCHIATRY Beginning in 2017, the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Inc. (ABPN) issued two- dimensional content specifications for the psychiatry, neurology and child neurology certification examinations. Questions for the September 2021 psychiatry, neurology and child neurology certification examinations will conform to these content specifications. Within the two-dimensional format, one dimension is comprised of disorders and topics while the other is comprised of competencies and mechanisms that cut across the various disorders of the first dimension. By design, the two dimensions are interrelated and not independent of each other. All of the questions on the examination will fall into one of the disorders/topics and will be aligned with a competency/mechanism. For example, an item on substance use could focus on treatment, or it could focus on systems-based practice. The psychiatry, neurology and child neurology content specifications can be accessed from the specialty certification section of our website. Candidates should use the detailed content specifications as a guide to prepare for a certification examination. Scores for these examinations will be reported in a standardized format rather than the previous percent correct format. Starting in 2018, all future examinations given by the ABPN will gradually conform to the two- dimensional content specification. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, Inc. is a not-for-profit corporation dedicated to serving the public interest and the professions of psychiatry and neurology by promoting excellence in practice through certification and continuing certification processes. For more information, please contact us at [email protected] or visit our website at www.abpn.com. -
Placental Trophoblast Inclusions in Autism Spectrum Disorder George M
Placental Trophoblast Inclusions in Autism Spectrum Disorder George M. Anderson, Andrea Jacobs-Stannard, Katarzyna Chawarska, Fred R. Volkmar, and Harvey J. Kliman Background: Microscopic examination of placental tissue may provide a route to assessing risk and understanding underlying biology of autism. Methods: Occurrence of a distinctive microscopic placental morphological abnormality, the trophoblast inclusion, was assessed using archived placental tissue. The rate of occurrence of trophoblast inclusion-positive slides observed for 13 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was compared to the rate in an anonymous consecutive birth cohort. Results: The occurrence of inclusion positive slides was significantly greater in the ASD group compared to the control group (6/27 slides, 22.2% vs. 12/154, 7.8%; Fisher Exact Test, two-tailed p ϭ .033; relative risk 2.85). The proportion of positive cases was also greater in the ASD group (5/13 cases, 38.5% vs. 8/61, 13.1%; Fisher Exact, two-tailed p ϭ .044; relative risk 2.93). Behavioral severity scores did not differ across groups of inclusion positive (N ϭ 4) and negative (N ϭ 8) ASD individuals. Conclusions: Although probably not functionally detrimental or causative, the greater occurrence of placental trophoblast inclusions observed in ASD individuals may reflect altered early developmental processes. Further research is required to replicate the basic finding, to understand the basis for the trophoblastic abnormality, and to determine the utility of the measure in early detection of ASD. Key Words: Autism, early screening, marker, placenta, trophoblast, genes, and in early screening or risk assessment. Although most trophoblast inclusion measurable biological phenotypes are expected to be multi- determined, they may actually offer advantages in reflecting win and family studies have provided convincing evi- convergent processes related to neurobiological abnormality. -
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Children with Autism: Interview Development and Rates of Disorders
J Autism Dev Disord (2006) 36:849–861 DOI 10.1007/s10803-006-0123-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Children with Autism: Interview Development and Rates of Disorders Ovsanna T. Leyfer Æ Susan E. Folstein Æ Susan Bacalman Æ Naomi O. Davis Æ Elena Dinh Æ Jubel Morgan Æ Helen Tager-Flusberg Æ Janet E. Lainhart Published online: 15 July 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006 Abstract The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders sample demonstrated a high prevalence of specific phobia, and Schizophrenia was modified for use in children and obsessive compulsive disorder, and ADHD. The rates of adolescents with autism by developing additional screening psychiatric disorder in autism are high and are associated questions and coding options that reflect the presentation of with functional impairment. psychiatric disorders in autism spectrum disorders. The modified instrument, the Autism Comorbidity Interview- Keywords Psychopathology Æ Autism Æ Psychiatric Present and Lifetime Version (ACI-PL), was piloted and interview Æ Comorbidity frequently diagnosed disorders, depression, ADHD, and OCD, were tested for reliability and validity. The ACI-PL provides reliable DSM diagnoses that are valid based on clinical psychiatric diagnosis and treatment history. The Children with autism frequently have problematic emo- tional reactions and behaviors along with the features that O. T. Leyfer Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University define autism. Disturbances of emotion, attention, activity, of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA and thought, and associated behavioral problems occur in children with autism of all ages (Lainhart, 1999). It is not S. E. Folstein yet known how often these additional difficulties are due to Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA comorbid psychiatric disorders. -
A Person-Centered Approach to Problem Behavior: Using DIR®/Floortime with Adults Who Have Severe Developmental Delays Gene Christian, M.S., C.R.C
The NADD BULLETIN A Person-Centered Approach to Problem Behavior: Using DIR®/Floortime with Adults Who Have Severe Developmental Delays Gene Christian, M.S., C.R.C. Abstract cades, the medical model dominated services for The developmental disability field, especially people with developmental delays. Throughout adult services, is characterized by contradictory the nineteenth and much of the twentieth cen- paradigms as the “support” or “disability rights” tury, developmental disabilities were perceived, movement has established powerful consumer essentially, as medical conditions. The disease and professional credibility in a sector that has model implicit in this approach was part of the been dominated by educational and medical mod- array of failings cited by those who sought to re- els. The author proposes a practical resolution to place that model during the mid to latter part this paradigm clash by describing an integration of the last century. Gradually, the medical ap- of evidence-based principles with a person-cen- proach was supplanted by the “developmental tered approach to problem behavior. It is recom- model” - an educational paradigm based on op- mended that applications of essential teachings erant principles. For almost forty years, service in the field of infant mental health can forge an delivery has been guided by the behavioral orien- alliance between the historically incompatible tation that learning occurs most efficiently when approaches of the disability rights movement observable, measurable behavior is manipulated and applied behavior analysis. This resolution is through analysis of environmental events. rooted in a model of assessment and treatment However, in the 1980’s, a different approach known as “Floortime.” “Floortime” is a form of to developmental disability services began to interpersonally contingent developmental inter- emerge.