DOCSLIB.ORG

BG Michael T. Heston Died Due to Burn Pit Exposure

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BG Michael T. Heston Died Due to Burn Pit Exposure BG Michael T. Heston Died Due to Burn Pit Exposure June D. Heston Testimony February 26, 2019 My husband, Brigadier General Michael Heston died on November 14, 2018, after an almost two-year battle with a rare form of pancreatic cancer. I have been asked to testify today regarding the S111 Bill known as the Burn Pit Registry Bill. Mike’s diagnosis took 10 months and approximately 25-30 visits to many doctors and specialists. A familiar story among veterans. During this time, we knew toxic exposure due to the burn pits during his deployments in Afghanistan were an issue, because the Burn Pit Registry was established. Mike always said, “you only create a registry when you know there is a problem.” As the Deputy Adjutant General for the State of Vermont, he communicated to his staff that all soldiers and airmen who were exposed to these burn pits while deployed were to register on the Burn Pit Registry. The problem is the Registry is difficult to access; and when you are able to access it, the process takes approximately 40 minutes. Many soldiers just give up trying. This needs to be rectified. Systems need to be put in place to ensure our service members are able to register. Mike did take the time to register as soon as it was available. Two years later, Mike started having extreme back pain followed by significant weight loss. Although we let Mike’s doctors know of his three deployments, we did not think to mention his exposure; because there was little visibility on this issue. And, of course, you want to believe that it can’t happen to you, particularly since he was told by a doctor at UVM “we don’t know what it is, but it is not cancer.” It was not until Mike was diagnosed at Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston in January 2017, that someone sent me an article about Amie Muller, a young women who served in the Minnesota National Guard and deployed to Iraq. She died at age 36, nine months after being diagnosed with stage III pancreatic cancer. That is when I started doing research on the burn pits and discovered many Veterans were being diagnosed with rare illnesses and cancers. We started talking to Mike’s oncologist about Mike’s exposure to toxins from the burn pits overseas. Dr. Abrams, like most of the US population, had no idea what we were talking about. That is when testing was done to determine if his exposure was responsible for his cancer. Dr. Abrams writes in a letter dated May 3, 2017 “As a medical oncologist specializing in gastrointestinal cancer with the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and a faculty member with the Harvard Medical School, I am a national recognized expert in the care and treatment and epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer. It is generally believed that roughly 30% of all pancreatic cancer cases are likely attributable to environmental (carcinogenic) exposure.” He later states this regarding Mike “I have conducted a detailed review of 1) his diagnostic and therapeutic course, 2) the timeline of Gen. Heston’s multiple tours of duty to Afghanistan and 3) the environmental exposure profiles for both Kabul and Bagram (sites of his year-long deployments). Gen Heston has none of the genetic, medical, dietary or behavioral risk factors commonly associated with pancreatic cancer. Based on the prolonged carcinogenic exposure (metals, chemicals and smoke from burn pits) sustained over the course of Gen Heston’s deployments and the timing of those deployments relative to the onset and diagnosis of his pancreatic cancer, it is my professional opinion more likely than not that General Heston’s pancreatic cancer is due to prolonged environmental exposure sustained over the course of his deployments to Afghanistan.” This letter was the evidence we provided for Mike’s application for a service-connected disability. This process took almost a year, and in January 2018 we received a letter from the Department of the Army rejecting Mike’s claim for service-related disability. It states “There have been studies conducted in Afghanistan and Iraq regarding air quality and toxin exposure. They indicate an increased risk of developing various conditions. However, the studies stop short of saying that exposure to the smoke/fumes from the burn pits directly causes various medical conditions. The studies also state that more research is needed.” More research is not needed. The evidence is clear. The rate of cancer among our service members is significantly higher than the general public. It is also understood that open air burn pits would not be allowed in the US under OSHA regulations: Open burning of residential, commercial, institutional or industrial solid waste is prohibited under 40 CFR Part 257-3.7(a). So why is it our military members, who are working for the United State Government are not provided the same safety standards while serving overseas? The letter from the Department of the Army also states: “Remarks: No evidence of negligence or misconduct. Effective 04 April 2017, Soldier will have up to 180 days following the completion of their qualified duty to request consideration for a line of duty determination, absent special circumstances. LOD was not initiated until 06JUN2017. Why is it that military personnel, the less than one percent of our population that make the decision to serve their country, are not afforded more time to determine the effects of war? The JAMES ZADROGA 9/11 VICTIM COMPENSATION FUND REAUTHORIZATION ACT SEC. 402. Is REAUTHORIZING THE SEPTEMBER 11TH VICTIM COMPENSATION FUND OF 2001 extends the deadline for application to 2020. Do our service members not deserve the same? Mike did received a service-connected disability from the VA, and we feel fortunate for that; because only about 20 percent of all applications for service-connected disability are being approved. The benefits are significantly less with a VA disability, but it is something. Unfortunately, many who deserve this are not getting it. When I asked our Veteran’s Affairs officers how many people in Vermont have received this disability due to a cancer diagnosis, they said “ONE, Mike.” I was then told “We were surprised Mike got it.” They said that the letter from Dr. Abrams was the most compelling letter they had seen. My response was, “that seems like an easy fix.” This legislation will provide the education the medical community needs to understand the significance and write a “compelling letter” to help these service members. Many of you know Mike, BG Michael Heston, and his service to his State, and his Country. He served as a Vermont State Trooper for 26 years, and 33 years of military service including Marine Corp Reserve and Vermont Army National Guard. He stepped up every time he was asked to, and he proudly served this Country including three deployments to Afghanistan totaling three-years away from his family. He was a “Soldier’s Soldier.” That service cost him his life, and it cost others their lives, like Mike Cram who passed away in December 2017 and Jeff Sollace in October 2016, both died of prostate cancer. They served together overseas along with 18 other, men one of which was diagnosed early enough that he survived his prostate cancer and eight others in that group have elevated PSAs. Many others have reached out to me letting me know of their illnesses and the inability to get the medical community to take notice. Mike was more than a soldier, he was an amazing husband and father. Family was very important to him, and he would always reinforce the importance of family with his troops. Not only did Mike’s service cost him his life, it cost him the opportunity to see his son graduate with his MBA. It cost him that beautiful moment of walking down the aisle with his daughter on her wedding day. It cost him the enjoyment of retirement that he worked so hard for. The journey we planned together is now just a difficult memory. The immense heartbreak can’t be changed for me and our family, or for the many other families who have lost their battles; but you can make a difference for others. Education of the service members, the medical community, and the awareness in the public will lead to earlier diagnosis, and hopefully to better care for those veterans who do get sick. It will also bring awareness to the fact that our Veterans need to be taken care. Let’s not wait another 50 years to acknowledge that the burn pits are this war’s Agent Orange. Vermont has led the way so many times, and I am proud to call myself a Vermonter today. BG Michael Heston passed away on November 14, 2018, due to his exposure to toxins from burn pits. He was not the first; and unfortunately, he will not be the last to die; because we have work to do to raise this awareness. But please let me be the last “widow” to talk about what we are not doing for our Service Members and Veterans. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Us National Guard and Public Order Management June 2020
    THE US NATIONAL GUARD AND PUBLIC ORDER MANAGEMENT JUNE 2020 I. OVERVIEW1 activation is not the purpose or purview of this brief. Regardless of the mission, any deployment In the past two weeks, governors in as many as of the National Guard in support of domestic law 23 US states and Washington, DC have mobilized enforcement raises critical issues for consideration state National Guard units to support local law by State and National Guard leadership. enforcement in the response to protests against racism and police brutality.2 These units have National Guard personnel deployed to provide been involved in at least one lethal use of force direct or indirect support to law enforcement incident: according to state officials, a Kentucky during protests could become involved in National Guard member was responsible for the situations involving the use of force or physical fatal shooting of David McAtee during protests confrontations with protestors. Guard members in Louisville, Kentucky on June 1. Other Guard may also be placed in circumstances in which members as well as the Louisville Metro Police they witness or become complicit in misconduct were also involved in the incident. by local police units. In the last week, CIVIC staff contacted a number of National Guard units and As a matter of principle, Center for Civilians found that very few have provided clear or explicit in Conflict (CIVIC) generallywarns against the directions for Guard members to deal with these deployment of military or military-like units to situations, or guidance to the public on how best to manage public order, including protests and report any concerns they may have with National curfews, given the risk of escalation of violence Guard personnel.
    [Show full text]
  • Commission on the National Guard and Reserves 2521 S
    COMMISSION ON THE NATIONAL GUARD AND RESERVES 2521 S. CLARK STREET, SUITE 650 ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22202 ARNOLD L. PUNARO The Honorable Carl Levin The Honorable John McCain CHAIRMAN Chairman, Committee Ranking Member, Committee on Armed Services on Armed Services WILLIAM L. BALL, III United States Senate United States Senate Washington, DC 20510 Washington, DC 20510 LES BROWNLEE RHETT B. DAwsON The Honorable Ike Skelton The Honorable Duncan Hunter Chairman, Committee Ranking Member, Committee LARRY K. ECKLES on Armed Services on Armed Services United States House of United States House of PATRICIA L. LEWIS Representatives Representatives Washington, DC 20515 Washington, DC 20515 DAN MCKINNON WADE ROWLEY January 31, 2008 JAMES E. SHERRARD III Dear Chairmen and Ranking Members: DONALD L. STOCKTON The Commission on the National Guard and Reserves is pleased to submit to E. GORDON STUMP you its final report as required by Public Law 108-375, the Ronald Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 (as amended by J. STANTON THOMpsON Public Law 109-163). As you know, Congress chartered this Commission to assess the reserve component of the U.S. military and to recommend changes to ensure that the National Guard and other reserve components are organized, trained, equipped, compensated, and supported to best meet the needs of U.S. national security. The Commission’s first interim report, containing initial findings and the description of a strategic plan to complete our work, was delivered on June 5, 2006. The second interim report, delivered on March 1, 2007, was required by Public Law 109-364, the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007, enacted on October 17, 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota National Guard
    MINNESOTA NATIONAL GUARD 2016 ANNUAL REPORT & 2017 OBJECTIVES MMXVI 2 | LETTER FROM THE ADJUTANT GENERAL 3 | MINNESOTA NATIONAL GUARD PRIORITIES 5 | DIVERSITY 6 | COMPETENT READY FORCE 7 | OPTIMAL FORCE STRUCTURE 8 | BEYOND THE YELLOW RIBBON 9 | SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE 10 | CYBER SECURITY & RESPONSE 11 | MINNESOTA NATIONAL GUARD | MAJOR COMMANDS 13 | MINNESOTA NATIONAL GUARD | AROUND THE WORLD 15 | JOINT FORCE HEADQUARTERS 16 | 34TH RED BULL INFANTRY DIVISION 17 | 2017 YEAR OF THE RED BULLS: 34TH INFANTRY DIVISION CENTENNIAL CONTENTS 19 | 34TH COMBAT AVIATION BRIGADE TO THE CITIZENS OF MINNESOTA 20 | 1 ST ARMORED BRIGADE COMBAT TEAM 21 | 347TH REGIONAL SUPPORT GROUP Minnesota’s steadfast commitment to advancing our National Guard priorities have yielded measurable results, and I know that our force is better manned, equipped and 22 | 84TH TROOP COMMAND trained to take on any challenge that the future may hold for our great team. As I begin my last full year as Minnesota’s Adjutant General, I swell with pride about the incredible results that Minnesota’s Soldiers and Airmen have accomplished on behalf of our state and nation during my seven-year term. 23 | 175TH REGIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTE 24 | CAMP RIPLEY TRAINING CENTER 2016 has indeed emphasized that our service members are committed to advancing the journey that began in 2010. By all measurements, we are more diverse and inclusive; not one, but two, female leaders were promoted to general officer in 2016. We are a more competent, ready force; Minnesota has established the standard by which reserve 25 | 133rd AIRLIFT WING force readiness is measured. We have moved the bar for optimal force structure; Minnesota continues to advance partnerships with major commands to ensure the correct 26 | 148TH FIGHTER WING equipment and people can assist our national and state security.
    [Show full text]
  • Rank State Population Troopers Per Capita Total Troopers 1 Florida
    Rank State Population Troopers per Capita Total Troopers 1 Florida 18,801,000 8.473 1593 2 Georgia 9,688,000 8.237 798 3 Delaware 898,000 7.272 653 4 Alaska 710,000 5.451 387 5 Vermont 626,000 5.224 327 6 West Virginia 1,853,000 3.756 696 7 Wyoming 564,000 3.475 196 8 Pennsylvania 12,702,000 3.458 4392 9 Massachusetts 6,548,000 3.129 2049 10 New Jersey 8,792,000 3.11 2734 11 Connecticut 3,574,000 3.022 1080 12 New Mexico 2,059,000 2.632 542 13 Montana 989,000 2.568 254 14 Nebraska 1,826,000 2.568 469 15 New Hampshire 1,316,000 2.492 328 16 Maryland 5,774,000 2.473 1428 17 Maine 1,328,000 2.402 319 18 New York 19,378,000 2.333 4521 19 Virginia 8,001,000 2.307 1846 20 North Dakota 673,000 2.199 148 21 Louisiana 4,533,000 2.16 979 22 Oklahoma 3,751,000 2.127 798 23 California 37,254,000 2.086 7773 24 Rhode Island 1,053,000 2.061 217 25 Kentucky 4,339,000 2.053 891 26 Missouri 5,989,000 2.047 1226 27 South Dakota 814,000 1.99 162 28 Kentucky 4,339,000 2.053 891 29 Kentucky 4,339,000 2.053 891 30 Indiana 6,484,000 1.883 1221 31 Michigan 9,884,000 1.817 1796 32 Kansas 2,853,000 1.791 511 33 Nevada 2,701,000 1.785 462 34 North Carolina 9,535,000 1.769 1687 35 South Carolina 4,625,000 1.745 807 36 Oregon 3,831,000 1.731 663 37 Idaho 1,568,000 1.665 261 38 Utah 2,764,000 1.606 444 39 Washington 6,725,000 1.573 1058 40 Arizona 6,392,000 1.492 954 41 Illinois 12,831,000 1.483 1903 42 Colorado 5,029,000 1.469 739 43 Alabama 4,780,000 1.391 665 44 Texas 25,146,000 1.375 3457 45 Ohio 11,537,000 1.252 1445 46 Iowa 3,046,000 1.244 379 47 Tennessee 6,346,000
    [Show full text]
  • Military Historical Society of Minnesota
    The 34th “Red Bull” Infantry Division 1917-2010 Organization and World War One The 34th Infantry Division was created from National Guard troops of Minnesota, Iowa, the Dakotas and Nebraska in late summer 1917, four months after the US entered World War One. Training was conducted at Camp Cody, near Deming, New Mexico (pop. 3,000). Dusty wind squalls swirled daily through the area, giving the new division a nickname: the “Sandstorm Division.” As the men arrived at Camp Cody other enlistees from the Midwest and Southwest joined them. Many of the Guardsmen had been together a year earlier at Camp Llano Grande, near Mercedes, Texas, on the Mexican border. Training went well, and the officers and men waited anxiously throughout the long fall and winter of 1917-18 for orders to ship for France. Their anticipation turned to anger and frustration, however, when word was received that spring that the 34th had been chosen to become a replacement division. Companies, batteries and regiments, which had developed esprit de corps and cohesion, were broken up, and within two months nearly all personnel were reassigned to other commands in France. Reduced to a skeleton of cadre NCOs and officers, the 34th remained at Camp Cody just long enough for new draftees to refill its ranks. The reconstituted division then went to France, but by the time it arrived in October 1918, it was too late to see action. The war ended the following month. Between Wars After World War One, the 34th was reorganized with National Guardsmen from Iowa, Minnesota and South Dakota.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF File, 139.89 KB
    Armed Forces Equivalent Ranks Order Men Women Royal New Zealand New Zealand Army Royal New Zealand New Zealand Naval New Zealand Royal New Zealand Navy: Women’s Air Force: Forces Army Air Force Royal New Zealand New Zealand Royal Women’s Auxilliary Naval Service Women’s Royal New Zealand Air Force Army Corps Nursing Corps Officers Officers Officers Officers Officers Officers Officers Vice-Admiral Lieutenant-General Air Marshal No equivalent No equivalent No equivalent No equivalent Rear-Admiral Major-General Air Vice-Marshal No equivalent No equivalent No equivalent No equivalent Commodore, 1st and Brigadier Air Commodore No equivalent No equivalent No equivalent No equivalent 2nd Class Captain Colonel Group Captain Superintendent Colonel Matron-in-Chief Group Officer Commander Lieutenant-Colonel Wing Commander Chief Officer Lieutenant-Colonel Principal Matron Wing Officer Lieutentant- Major Squadron Leader First Officer Major Matron Squadron Officer Commander Lieutenant Captain Flight Lieutenant Second Officer Captain Charge Sister Flight Officer Sub-Lieutenant Lieutenant Flying Officer Third Officer Lieutenant Sister Section Officer Senior Commis- sioned Officer Lieutenant Flying Officer Third Officer Lieutenant Sister Section Officer (Branch List) { { Pilot Officer Acting Pilot Officer Probationary Assistant Section Acting Sub-Lieuten- 2nd Lieutenant but junior to Third Officer 2nd Lieutenant No equivalent Officer ant Navy and Army { ranks) Commissioned Officer No equivalent No equivalent No equivalent No equivalent No equivalent No
    [Show full text]
  • Jsp 800 Defence Movements and Transportation Regulations
    JSP 800 DEFENCE MOVEMENTS AND TRANSPORTATION REGULATIONS VOLUME 2 PASSENGER TRAVEL INSTRUCTIONS Third Edition By Command of the Defence Council MINISTRY OF DEFENCE January 2010 FOREWORD This document outlines the Joint Service Policy for movement of passengers and provides guidance to formations and units. This volume of JSP 800 is a ‘live’ publication and will be subject to amendment in order to keep it relevant. The travel instructions in this manual replace those formally published in the following areas: a. The previous edition of JSP 800 which should now be destroyed. b. Instructions previously covered in Defence Council Instructions (DCIs) and those DINs which expire on issue of this edition. Personal contact details of junior staff redacted under section 40 of the Freedom of Information Act The Sponsor of JSP 800 Volume 2 is the Deputy Head, SCM. Each Chapter of this volume has a Chapter Sponsor, identified in the contents list, and who is responsible for the maintenance of and update of the content via the process undertaken by the Defence Passenger Policy Committee and associated Working Groups . Chapter Sponsors should review their chapters, to ensure accuracy and relevance, and pass proposed amendments to the Technical Author who will aim to publish amendments to the intranet as a minimum on an annual basis. This volume will contain some reference to DCIs and DINs. It must be noted that these were the latest edition at the time of printing and may have been superseded. Some duplication necessarily exists between these instructions and those contained in other volumes of JSP 800 although this has been minimised.
    [Show full text]
  • 'School of the Trooper' Fills New U.S. Army Europe Stryker Soldier with Information, Pride
    RELEASE #2007-12-04-02 Dec. 4, 2007 ‘SCHOOL OF THE TROOPER’ FILLS NEW U.S. ARMY EUROPE STRYKER SOLDIER WITH INFORMATION, PRIDE By Sgt. Mark B. Matthews 27th Public Affairs Detachment CAMP LIBERTY, Iraq -- A new Soldier arrives with bags in hand and waits patiently for a representative from his unit come integrate him into a new unit and a new home away from home here. Hours go by and he begins to wonder if anyone even knows he's here. The doubtful first impression of a unit left in the mind of such a Soldier is one U.S. Army Europe's 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment -- an organization with a history of welcoming Soldiers with open arms -- works hard to avoid. The 2nd SCR “Dragoons” take pride in a long- standing tradition known as the “School of the Trooper” aimed at properly greeting and integrating new Soldiers. The program dates back more than 170 years -- to 1836 -- and continues in Iraq. “Once (new Soldiers) get here everyone is a ‘Dragoon,’” said Lt. Col. Bryan Denny, 2nd SCR deputy commander. “This is just our way of integrating new troops into the regiment. SGT 1ST CLASS KAP KIM While the Soldiers come from different places -- Spc. Jenny Etheridge, a medic with U.S. geographically and career-wise -- but everyone is Army Europe's 6th Squadron, 2nd Stryker given the same hardy welcome and introduction. Cavalry Regiment, demonstrates the proper way to insert a nasopharyngeal airway with the help of new “Dragoon” Spc. David Bailey “Most Soldiers come straight out of (Advanced of the 2nd's 4th Squadron, at Camp Liberty, Individual Training) and a lot of NCOs have never Iraq during the unit's "School of the Trooper" been in a Stryker regiment before,” said Denny.
    [Show full text]
  • Law Enforcement Officer Career Path Proposed November 13, 2018
    South Carolina Department of Public Safety Law Enforcement Officer Career Path Proposed November 13, 2018 As SCDPS strives to ensure the safety of South Carolina citizens and visitors, its law enforcement personnel resources are diminishing in terms of trained, experienced troopers and officers accepting more lucrative offers from the private sector and other federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies. While the Department has made great strides in retaining law enforcement officers, its best efforts have resulted in merely attempting to maintain its workforce rather than growing it. Each time the department loses a seasoned trooper or officer, it loses years of quantifiable experience, and tens of thousands of dollars in training. The department, state government, and South Carolina citizens all benefit from retention and maintenance of SCDPS’ current qualified and well-trained law enforcement officers. It is important to place as many troopers and officers as possible on South Carolina roadways and other assigned locations; however, it is even more significant for these troopers and officers to be competent, experienced, and knowledgeable. It is the priority of the South Carolina Department of Public Safety (SCDPS, Department, or DPS) to retain its current knowledge and experience base by providing a career path and retention plan for its law enforcement officers. In 2004, the South Carolina Highway Patrol proposed its 2004 budget to the governor with a priority of funding the “Highway Patrol Pay Realignment Plan.” The plan would have re-aligned salaries throughout all ranks and provided a career path for supervisors and non-supervisors. However instead of realigning salaries, the final budget contained a 3% across-the-board increase for all state employees and a legislative mandate requiring the (then) Budget and Control Board to convene a study of the southeastern average pay for all law enforcement officers.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 55 Issue 1
    FLYING WHEEL Vol. 55 No. 1 January - March 2017 4. NEWS Canine graduation, recognition awards and a technology upgrade. 6. DRUM & BUGLE CORPS The Drum and Bugle Corps celebrates its 50th Anniversary this year. 8. FEATURE PROGRAM 4 Operation T.R.I.A.D.D. seeks to deter aggressive and dangerous driving through a concentrated effort in Ohio's largest urban areas. 10. LEADERSHIP AWARDS At a ceremony that honored many individuals for their hard work over the past year, the 2016 Ohio State Highway Patrol Leadership Awards concluded with Trooper Juan "Ray" Santiago’s selection as State Trooper of the Year. 20. AROUND THE STATE 6 8 Traffic safety partnerships, charitable activities, speech details, special events, retiree gatherings and more – see what’s happening in your area of the state. 10 20 ON THE COVER Trooper Juan "Ray" Santiago is the 2016 State Trooper of the Year. Please see story on page 10 to see everyone recognized at the 2016 Leadership Awards. OHIO STATE HIGHWAY PATROL Colonel’s Letter I recently told the commanders 2017 would be fast paced, and it has been! When I think about what we have accomplished so far this year and what we have planned through December, one theme comes to mind: we have to “stay in the gas!” Last year was a great year to reflect on, especially with those who separated themselves from their peers and helped the Division accomplish our goals. Those individuals were recognized at this year’s Leadership Awards (see feature story, page 10). Look to them for examples of hard work and excellence.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of State Police Rules & Regulations
    Department of State Police Rules & Regulations Effective Date Number January 31, 2001 Article 1 Subject REGULATIONS FOR THE GOVERNANCE OF THE STATE POLICE 1.0 REGULATIONS FOR THE GOVERNANCE OF THE STATE POLICE 1.1 AUTHORIZATION AND SEVERABILITY For the purpose of these Rules and Regulations the Massachusetts Department of State Police shall hereinafter be referred to as the "Massachusetts State Police". Uniformed members shall hereinafter be referred to as "members". The Massachusetts State Police's Rules and Regulations are issued pursuant to Massachusetts General Law Chapter 22C. These Rules and Regulations cancel and supersede all previous Massachusetts State Police Rules and Regulations. Causes of actions arising from events transpiring prior to March 19, 1997, shall be governed by Rules and Regulations then in effect. If any article, section, sub-section, sentence, clause, or phrase of the Rules and Regulations is for any reason held to be unconstitutional, contrary to law, or otherwise inoperative, such decision shall not affect the validity of any other part of these Rules and Regulations. 1.2 INTRODUCTION In the United States it is essential that the Criminal Justice System, upon which public safety depends, be administered in a manner which promotes public respect, confidence and acceptance. The problems associated with the delivery of police services are many, as they reflect the complex interactions and changes of modern society. Accordingly, rules cannot be drafted that shall prescribe, in specific detail, the manner in which all duties of Massachusetts State Police officers are to be performed. Consequently, all members should be guided in their decision making processes by subscribing to certain fundamental principles.
    [Show full text]
  • How the National Guard Grew out of Progressive Era Reforms Matthew Am Rgis Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2016 America's Progressive Army: How the National Guard grew out of Progressive Era Reforms Matthew aM rgis Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Margis, Matthew, "America's Progressive Army: How the National Guard grew out of Progressive Era Reforms" (2016). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15764. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15764 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. America’s progressive army: How the National Guard grew out of progressive era reforms by Matthew J. Margis A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Rural, Agricultural, Technological, Environmental History Program of Study Committee: Timothy Wolters, Major Professor Julie Courtwright Jeffrey Bremer Amy Bix John Monroe Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2016 Copyright © Matthew J. Margis, 2016. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION This is dedicated to my parents, and the loving memory of Anna Pattarozzi,
    [Show full text]