ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2013) 43 (4): 319–321 DOI: 10.3750/AIP2013.43.4.10

FIRST RECORD OF THE SENEGALESE SOLE, SENEGALENSIS (: PLEURONECTIFORMES: ) FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN COAST OF ISRAEL

Daniel GOLANI 1* , Ronald FRICKE 2, and Brenda APPELBAUM-GOLANI 3

1 National Natural History Collections and Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel 2 Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany 3 Mt. Scopus Library, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91905 Jerusalem, Israel

Golani D., Fricke R., Appelbaum-Golani B. 2013. First record of the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis (Actinopterygii: Pleuronectiformes: Soleidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 43 (4): 319–321 . Abstract . The Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858, was recorded for the first time from the south - eastern Mediterranean near Tel-Aviv, Israel on 17 May 2013. This eastern Atlantic species is rare in the western Mediterranean, but now also documented from the southeastern Mediterranean . Keywords: Solea senegalensis , Soleidae, first record, Mediterranean, Israel , distribution, fish biodiversity, zoogeography

In the course of a survey of Mediterranean fishes of diameter. Supratemporal lateral-line branch present, form - Israel in the vicinity of Jaffa, an unusual soleid fish was ing arch. Lateral-line scales 124. Caudal peduncle depth collected in May 2013, which was determined to be a new 11.0 in SL. Precaudal vertebrae 9, caudal vertebrae 36. record of Solea senegalensis from Israel and the southeast - with 92 rays. Anal fin with 73 rays. Last rays ern Mediterranean Sea; the specimen is described herein. of dorsal and anal fins joined by low membrane to caudal- On 17 May 2013 a 243 mm SL specimen of Solea fin base. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fin with 10 rays. senegalensis Kaup, 1858 was collected at Jaffa Fish Pelvic fin with 5 rays. Pectoral-fin length 11.0 in SL. Market (two additional specimens of the same size and Pelvic-fin length 20.2 in SL. species were next to it), and had been trawled the previ - Colour of fresh specimen (Fig. 1): Head and body dark ous night in the vicinity of Tel-Aviv, Israel. The specimen brown, right side (eye side) of body with scattered pale was deposited in the Hebrew University Fish Collection blotches varying in size; few dusky blotches along dorsal and received the catalog number HUJ 20200. Counts and and ventral margins. Pectoral fin rays brown, membranes measurements followed Hubbs and Lagler (1947); the black, distal margin white (Fig. 2). Left side of body (blind classification follows Eschmeyer (2013), references side) white, the distal one-third of dorsal and anal fins and according to Fricke (2013). distal half of caudal fin light grey. Dorsal and anal fins brown, with few dusky blotches, tips of fin rays white. SOLEIDAE Caudal and pelvic fins brown, tips of fin rays white. Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 Comments. This species was first described by Kaup Material examined. HUJ 20200, 1 specimen, 243 mm (1858). It was treated as a valid species in a revision of SL, Israel, Jaffa Fish Market, 17 May 2013. Ben-Tuvia (1990: p. 953), and further defined in a revi - Description. (Figs. 1–3) Body oval, laterally strongly sion of Vachon et al. (2008). In a nucleotide-sequence compressed, eyes on right side of body (‘eyed side’), left analysis of the cytochrome b locus, Borsa and Quignard side of body without eyes (‘blind side’). Body depth 2.4 (2001: p. 2300) separated five species of Solea , resurrect - in SL. Head 6.2 in SL. Snout bluntly rounded, its length ed Solea aegyptiaca Chabanaud, 1927 (previously consid - 5.3 in head length. Eye diameter 4.6 in head length. ered as a synonym of S. solea ), and found that Solea sene - Interorbital distance 5.3 in head length. Anterior nostril on galensis is most closely related to S. aegyptiaca . Solea blind side not enlarged, its diameter about half of eye melanochira Moreau, 1874, which was described from

* Correspondence: Dr. Daniel Golani, Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, phone: +972-2-6585872, fax: +973-2-6584741, e-mail: [email protected] . 320 Golani et al. the Bassin d’Arcachon, France (Moreau 1874: p. 115, senegalensis from Israel well agree with those defined by pl. 15) is a junior synonym. Vachon et al. (2008), including the body shape and pec - The specimen agrees with the generic characters of the toral-fin colouration (see Vachon et al. 2008: Fig. 5 H), genus Solea as defined by Vachon et al. (2008: the 92 dorsal-fin rays (slightly higher than the range pp. 10–11), including an oval body shape, both pectoral 78–90 given by Vachon et al. 2008: p. 14), 73 anal-fin fins well developed, bearing bifid rays, 5 pelvic-fin rays, rays (again slightly higher than the range 63–72 given by 9 precaudal vertebrae, the shape of the anterior nostril, Vachon et al., 2008: p. 14), 124 lateral-line scales (range a rounded caudal fin which is separate from the dorsal and 108–133 according to Vachon et al. 2008: p. 15), 9 pre - anal fins, though the last rays of dorsal and anal are con - caudal and 36 caudal vertebrae (Fig. 3) (range 9 + 35–37 nected by a membrane to the caudal peduncle or caudal- according to Vachon et al. 2008: p. 15). fin base; a caudal fin anatomy as illustrated by Vachon et Solea senegalensis differs from the other species of al. (2008: Fig. 3).The characters of the specimen of Solea the genus that occurs in the Mediterranean, Solea solea ,

Fig. 1. Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis , Lateral view; HUJ 20200; 243 mm (SL); 17 May 2013; Tel-Aviv, Israel; Photograph by D. Golani

Fig. 2. Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis ; Pectoral fin; HUJ 20200; 243 mm (SL); 17 May 2013; Tel-Aviv, Israel; Photograph by D. Golani First record of Solea senegalensis from Israel 321

Fig. 3. Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis ; HUJ 20200; 243 mm (SL); X-ray photograph in its 9 precaudal vertebrae (usually 10 precaudal verte - aegyptiaca , S. senegalensis , and S. solea brae in S. solea ), its 35–37 caudal vertebrae (36–41 in (Pleuronectiformes: Soleidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology S. solea ; mean 39), the pectoral-fin colouration with all 79 : 2297–2302. membranes black, but fin rays pale (with a black blotch in de Borja y Goyeneche J. 1920. Contribución al estudio de la the upper distal part in S. solea ), and the pectoral-fin fauna ictiológica de España. Memorias de la Real Academia length 11–13 in SL (13–15 in SL in S. solea ). It is distin - de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona Vol. 3, No. 16. guished from Solea aegyptiaca by its 78–92 dorsal-fin Eschmeyer W.N. (ed.) 2013. Catalog of fishes (on-line version) rays (65–76 in S. aegyptiaca ), 63–73 anal-fin rays (53–62 in [updated 2 July 2013]. http://research.calacademy.org/ S. aegyptiaca ), 35–37 caudal vertebrae (32–34 in S. aegyp - research/Ichthyology/Catalog/fishcatmain.asp tiaca ), the pectoral-fin colouration with all membranes Fricke R. (ed.) 2013. References; Catalog of fishes (on-line ver - black, but fin rays pale (with a black blotch in the upper sion) [updated 2 July 2013]. http://research.calacademy. distal part in S. aegyptiaca ), and the pectoral-fin length org/research/Ichthyology/Catalog/fishcatmain.asp 11–13 in SL (13–14 in SL in S. aegyptiaca ). Fricke R., Bilecenoglu M., Sari H.M. 2007. Annotated check - Solea senegalensis is distributed in the eastern and list of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostomata and northeastern Atlantic from France south to Angola, and in Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of the western Mediterranean. The species was first record - threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur ed from the Mediterranean by de Borja y Goyeneche Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) No. 706. (1920), misidentified as Solea melanochira (see Golani et Golani D., Orsi-Relini L., Massuti E., Quignard J.-P. 2002. al. 2002). In subsequent years it spread east to Tunisia and CIESM atlas of exotic species in the Mediterranean. Vol. 1. Turkey (Fricke et al. 2007: p. 116). This species lives on Fishes. Commission Internationale pour l’Exploration sand or mud bottoms, mainly in shallow water including Scientifique de la Méditerranée (CIESM), Monaco. brackish lakes, but occurs down to 100 m depth. It feeds Hubbs C.L., Lagler K.F. 1947. Fishes of the Great Lakes mainly on benthic invertebrates. region. Bulletin Cranbrook Institute of Science No. 26. Kaup J.J. 1858. Uebersicht der Soleinae, der vierten Subfamilie ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS der Pleuronectidae. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 24 (1): We would like to thank Dr Alvaro Pinhas, The 94–104. Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Moreau É. 1874. Poissons de France. Notes sur quelques Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem for pro - espèces nouvelles des côtes de l’océan. Revue et Magasin de viding X-ray photographs for the specimen of Solea sene - Zoologie 3 (2): 115–119. galensis from Israel. Vachon J., Chapleau F., Desoutter-Meniger M. 2008. Révision taxinomique du genre Solea et réhabilitation du REFERENCES genre Barnardichthys (Soleidae; Pleuronectiformes). Ben-Tuvia A. 1990. A taxonomic reappraisal of the Atlanto- Cybium 32 (1): 9–26. Mediterranean soles Solea solea , S. senegalensis and S. las - caris . Journal of Fish Biology 36 (6): 947–960. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05640.x Received: 9 August 2013 Borsa P., Quignard J-P. 2001. Systematics of the Atlantic- Accepted: 8 November 2013 Mediterranean soles Pegusa impar , P. lascaris , Solea Published electronically: 31 December 2013