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VanderbiltUniversityquarterly
VanderbiltUniversity LIBRARY OF THE University of California.
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A Record of University Life and Wo0 Published by Vanderbilt University) Vol. VII No. i
M. P. ROONE Treasurer. \ J. MOONEY CO.,
Nashville T\ FINE PLUMBING.
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BISHOP J NO. J. T1GERT, U.D., LL.D.
■N Vanderb1lt Un1vers1ty Quarterly
A Record of University Life and Work
Vol. VII JANUARY, 1907 No. 1
Contents PAGK
John James T1gert. /. T. McGill, Ph.D. 3 The Lack of Proper Text-Books. Dean • D. R Stubblcfield, B.A., M.D., D.D.S. l3
D1rectory of Eng1neer1ng Graduates 21
D1rectory of B1bl1cal Graduates . 28
Un1vers1ty News The Report of the Comm1ss1on 44 Publ1c Lecturers and Speakers . 45 Alumn1 on the Board of Trust 46 The Football Season of 1906 48 The State Ph1lolog1cal Assoc1at1on 62 Educat1onal Standards 1n the South . 63 The Annual Declamat1on Contest 65 Un1form Entrance Exam1nat1ons 66 • • Nrvrir*: • • • • • • • -•- ••• 67 Alumn1 Notes . .■■.■' . ■ ■. • •- 71
The Vanderbilt University Quarterly is pi iblished by Vanderbilt Unicersity, and is the Official Organ of ti \e same. Subscription price, fifty cents; single copy, twenty- fio e cents. For advertising rates, address the Business Manager.
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General Publication Committee
J. H. K1rkland, Chancellor of Vanderbilt University, Chairman Freder1ck W. Moore, Dean of Academic Faculty W. H. Schuerman, Dean of Engineering Faculty W. F. T11.lett, Dean of Theological Faculty Horace H. Lurton, Dean of Law Faculty W. L. Dudley, Dean of Medical Faculty J. T. McG1ll, Dean of Pharmaceutical Faculty D. R. Stubblkf1eld, Dean of Dental Faculty John H. DeW1tt, of Alumni Association Charles C. Trabue, of Alumni Association Edw1n W1ley, of Graduate Club A. G. Adams, Jr., Representative of Student Body
Freder1ck W. Moore, Editor in Chief T. E. Hart, Business Manager. Vanderb1lt Un1vers1ty Quarterly
A Record of Unicersity Life and Work
Vol. VII JANUARY, 1907 No. 1
JOHN JAMES TIGERT.
BY J. T. M'GILL, PH.D. John James Tigert was born in Louisville, Ky., November 25, 1856; and died in Tulsa, Ind. T., November 21, 1906. He was the eldest son of John and Mary Van Veghten Tigert, who were consistent and active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and reared their children in strict accord ance with the teachings of the Christian religion. He attended the Louisville public schools for ten consecutive years, finishing the high school course in 1873. He was then placed by his father in a grocery store to prepare him for a business life. His inclination, however, was not in this direction. He was fond of reading and music. In the back room of the store he had an organ which he played whenever an opportunity of fered; and he is said to have taken books along with him in the delivery wagon to read and study. He was also much interested in Sunday school and Church work, and especially Church music. He finally made up his mind to become a preacher, and his parents readily granted his request that he might go for preparation to the great school about to be opened at Nashville under control of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. 234234 ■4*" Vanderbilt University Quarterly.
When John Tigert appeared at the opening of Vanderbilt University in 1875 to matriculate in the Biblical Department, he was among the youngest of the students. Tall and slender, with dark hair and keen, black eyes, his appearance singled him out somewhat from among his fellows, but more partic ularly, in a short time, his close and intense application to studies, his independence and self-reliance, his capacity to carry more work than any one else dared undertake, his inattention to outside matters, and his disregard of conven tionalities. Besides the regular work in the Biblical Depart ment, he was taking almost a full course in the Academic Department, thirty-five hours per week altogether in the sec ond year, nearly twice the amount recommended by the fac ulty. Yet, in all his work, with the exception of mathematics, for which he had little taste, his standing was excellent. Ap preciating the value to a preacher of training in public speak ing and debate, he availed himself of the advantages of the literary societies, and with such good results that he was elected by the Dialectic Society one of its representatives in the contest for the Founder's Medal at commencement in 1877, and was the winner. At his graduation in the Bib lical Department the same year he received the Founder's Medal for the highest scholarship. During the two years that he was in Wesley Hall he faith fully performed his share of the daily religious services re quired of theological students. Incidental to his life there, it may be mentioned that partly as recreation, partly as prep aration for his future work, he continued the study of Church music, practicing on the organ which he had brought with him from Louisville. As his time for practice was usually rather late at night, objection was raised by his neighbors, and a petition was sent to the faculty praying for abatement. The matter was readily arranged. But he did not, however, give up this idea of cultivating whatever musical talent he might possess, and years afterwards he applied for vocal les sons to a celebrated teacher in Nashville. For some time while John James Tigert. 5 a student he officiated as organist in the University chapel, and in this way defrayed a part of his expenses. His life as a student, it may be seen, was a strenuous one. He had mapped out for himself so much to do, and was so intent upon accomplishing it, that he had little time for com panionship or social obligations. Thus he went through his first course at the University, admired for his ability, industry, and faithfulness, rather than liked for good fellowship and amiability. After graduation, in 1877, he studied for a year under Dr. John A. Broadus in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, in Louisville, Ky., having at the same time charge of Bethel Chapel, in that city. The next three years he was stationed at Franklin, Ky., in the Louisville Conference, of which he remained a member to the end of his life, and of which he was for many years the Secretary. Meantime, in August, 1878, he paid a visit to Nashville for the purpose, as he expressed it, of taking his A.M. It turned out that this meant the taking in marriage of Miss Amelia Mc- Tyeire, an acquisition of higher import to his career than any degree or title. In 1881 he returned to Vanderbilt University, becoming Assistant Instructor in Latin, Greek, and English in the Bib lical Department, and in the following year changing to Eccle siastical History. During the latter year he taught also Men tal and Moral Philosophy, Professor Granbery having been elected bishop at the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in May, 1882. While teaching he carried on a prescribed course of post graduate theological study for the degree of Bachelor of Sa cred Theology, S.T.B., which was conferred upon him in 1883. In after years the degree of D.D. was conferred on him by Emory and Henry College, and the degree of LL.D. by the University of Missouri. For three years, beginning with 1883, Mr. Tigert had full charge of the two schools of History and Moral Philosophy ; 6 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. still, however, with the title of Assistant Instructor. In 1886 he was elected Professor of History and Political Economy, remaining also in charge of Moral Philosophy. In 1888 the School of History and Political Economy was placed in charge of Dr. Edward W. Bemis, and Professor Tigert was elected to the Chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy, which he held until his resignation, in 1890, to enter again into the active work of the ministry. For a period of two years and a half, however, while teaching, he had officiated as pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Nashville. While a teacher at the University Mr. Tigert frequently contributed to various secular and Church papers, and articles by him appeared also in the Methodist Quarterly Review, of New York, the Southern Methodist Review, the Century Mag azine, and the Homiletic Monthly. The most important of these articles are the "Methodist Doctrine of Atonement," published in the Methodist Quarterly Review, and "Anglo- Catholicism," "God in History," "The Fourth Gospel," "Meth odist Episcopacy," and "Bellum Civile Redivivum," published in the Southern Methodist Review. Two articles were pub lished in pamphlet form : "Wandering Stars" and "Original Status of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America." Mr. Tigert also wrote and published three books while he was teaching at the University. His first book was "Hand book of Logic," written while he was teaching that subject, and published in 1885. It was adopted as a text-book in a large number of schools of high grade in various States, and in the course for preachers in the Southern Methodist Church. His "Systematic Theology" was published in 1888 in two large volumes. The work comprised the Lectures on the Twenty-Five Articles of Religion delivered by Thomas O. Summers, D.D., while he was Professor of Systematic The ology in Vanderbilt University, "arranged and revised with introduction and copious notes and a theological glossary, by Jno. J. Tigert." The preservation of this valuable work in usable form to the literature of the Methodist Church is due John James Tigert. 7 to the foresight, quick perception, and skill in taking notes of this theological student, and to his industry, perseverance, and discriminating judgment afterwards in arranging them for publication. His next book was "The Preacher Himself," published in 1889. "In most cases," he says, "a call to preach is a call to get ready to preach." A part of the book is there fore devoted to the preparation for the preacher's life work, and the remainder, and larger part, to questions arising from the pastor's relations to those under his charge, and from his broader relations to the public. Mr. Tigert's first appointment in the itinerancy, Bethel Chapel, Louisville, was a humble one; and his ability to lead the music in singing and on the organ was perhaps as much appreciated by his flock as his theological learning; never theless, to prepare himself fully for what he felt must in time come to him, he eagerly availed himself, all the time he was there, of the instruction of the celebrated Baptist teacher, Dr. John A. Broadus. At his next appointment, Franklin, Ky., he was for the first time free from school preparation, and he set himself earnestly to acquire what, apart from learning, is necessary to success in the itinerant ministry. It was needful for him to break away from his habits of seclusion and lack of attention to social obligations. Long absorbed in the study of abstract theolog ical questions, and viewing the relations of Christian people to the world somewhat in the light of the austere teachings of the founders of Methodism, he needed to turn his attention to the solution of practical problems of life and adjust his views to the conditions of modern society. So his three years of practical work at Franklin may be considered as supplementary to his college course and of almost equal importance in prep aration for his subsequent career. Nine years of life at the University followed — years of study, of work congenial to his taste, of delightful and refin ing associations, bringing him reputation as a scholar, teach er, and writer. Nevertheless he felt that he was not making 8 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. the most and best of what he by nature was capable of, that he was yet one-sided, and that he ought to get out into the busy, bustling world and come in contact with the various phases and conditions of life in order to round out his character and properly develop latent capacities. He therefore resigned his chair in Vanderbilt University and was appointed to a flour ishing and progressive city. He was placed in charge of Walnut Street Church, Kansas City, Mo., where his work was mutually helpful to himself and the congregation. It was during his pastorate there that the congregation built the Troost Avenue Church in the western part of the city, and transferred its place of worship from the Walnut Street Church, which had become overshadowed by business houses. The beneficial effects of the change from university to pastoral work upon his own character and capacity for usefulness which he had foreseen and sought were doubtless in large measure realized. At the end of four years in Kansas City, closing his service of eight years in the itinerancy, his tarjk as a preach er and pastor was along with that he had attained as a teacher and scholar in nine years' work at the University. Dr. Tigert was the fraternal delegate from the Southern branch of the Church to the General Conference of the Meth odist Episcopal Church at Omaha in 1892. On that occasion he delivered a notable address entitled, "A Voice from the South," which was afterwards published in pamphlet form. During his pastorate in Kansas City he completed the book which by many is considered his greatest work, "A Constitu tional History of American Methodism." It was published in 1894. He came to the University at commencement in 1893 to deliver the alumni address. His subject was, as I remember it : "Reminiscences of the First Two Years of Vanderbilt Uni versity." The General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, at the meeting in Memphis in May, 1894, elected him Editor of Books and of the Quarterly Review. This John James Tigert. 9 position he held for twelve years. He was Assistant Secre tary of the General Conferences of 1882, 1890, and 1894, and Secretary of those of 1898, 1902, and 1906. At the Gen eral Conference of 1898 he was elected a delegate to the Ecu menical Council of 1901. It would require too much space to enumerate the books edited by him during the last twelve years, or even to call attention to his most important articles in the Review. Among the more important of the books, however, are "A Manual of Christian Doctrine," by John S. Banks; "Passing through the Gates, and Other Sermons," by Bishop H. N. McTyeire; and the "Journal of Thomas Coke," Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The work of this office was of the kind most to his liking and for which he was admirably fitted by nature and preparation. The General Conference in choosing him a second and third time for the office was doubtless voi cing the almost unanimous opinion that he was, of all, the man par excellence for the place. As he grew accustomed to the editorial work and other duties of his office, naturally these came to demand less of his time, so that an opportunity was afforded him to write more at length upon certain subjects which interested him; and these writings expanded into the following books: "The Making of Methodism : Studies in the Genesis of Institutions." 1898. "Theism: A Survey of the Paths that Lead to God; Chiefly in the Light of History and Philosophy." 1901. "The Doctrines of the Methodist Episcopal . Church of Amer ica." Two volumes. 1902. "The Christianity of Christ and the Apostles." 1905. He also republished, in 1904, revised and enlarged, his "Constitutional History of American Meth odism," first published in 1894. He had in course of prep aration and almost ready for the press "The Fourth Gospel." He was much interested in American history, and had begun the collection of a historical library with the purpose of some time writing a history of the United States. On the death of Dr. R. A. Young, in 1902, Dr. Tigert was 1o Vanderbilt University Quarterly. elected to fill his place as a member and Secretary of the Board of Trust of Vanderbilt University. He expressed him self as highly gratified to be called again to serve the institu tion which he loved so well. In 1905 the additional responsi bility of membership in the Executive Committee was im posed upon him. Dr. Tigert was a man of simple and unostentatious mode of life. Wealth had no attractions for him. He gave no thought to making money. All that he received he spent free ly for the comfort of his family, for books, and for charitable and public purposes. He had an insatiable desire for knowl edge, and was untiring in the pursuit of it. Preoccupied with his studies, he seemed sometimes inconsiderate of those about him, but in reality he was warm-hearted and affectionate, stead fast in friendship and in love. Acts of kindness to himself or members of his family were gratefully cherished, and were sure to be reciprocated whenever an opportunity occurred. Great trials he bore with fortitude, but he was impatient in small matters. When intently engaged in writing, for in stance, a misplaced pen or book would annoy him exceedingly : or if a visitor came, it was difficult for him to suffer the in terruption with courtesy and composure. He might then ap pear serious and reserved ; but when at leisure, as all his friends know, he was a jolly, genial companion, boisterously appre ciative of good stories — his own as well as others. Chess was his favorite indoor amusement; outdoor recrea tion he rarely sought, but for a time — a year or more — he did get deeply interested in croquet; so much so that the cartoon in the Comet representing him playing by moonlight had some basis in fact. Occasionally it occurred to him — after he had taken on so much flesh — that it would be beneficial for him to walk from his office home. Then, unless some one was with him, he would soon be seen walking as rapidly as he could go, apparently unconscious of things about, immersed in thought, bent only upon getting home as quickly as possible to put thoughts to paper. John James Ttgert. n His simplicity and sincerity were childlike. He was free from affectation, said exactly what he believed, and was ready to believe exactly what was said. He was not frank in the sense that whatever is in the mind must be spoken when the subject is mentioned, regardless of propriety. He never spoke ill of persons. He seems to have made it a rule of conduct not to do so. He could not be tempted to retaliate even when he was persistently maligned. He forbearingly left his justifi cation to others or to the final course of events. He was exceedingly apt in witticism and at repartee. He was not oversensitive himself, nor did he have a nice perception of sensitiveness in others ; so that sometimes he replied in words too incisive; but if he became aware of the wounded sensi bility, he could not rest until he had made reparation. Dr. Tigert had neither the time nor the inclination to read much of the popular and current literature. But he read care fully all important books and articles which he could find on the subjects in which he was interested — particularly the ology and philosophy. He was not a wide reader either of classical or modern English literature. He did not seem to take any particular English author as a model of style. He made an exceedingly careful study of the exact mean ing of words, and his ability to select from an extensive vocabulary the words expressive of the exact shade of meaning for his purpose made him a rapid writer of clear and concise English. As a speaker, he never possessed the fascination of voice and manner usually attributed to the orator; but what was lacking in these respects was scarcely noticed by the hearer in the consciousness that the subject-matter was well thought out, expressed in choice and strong English, logical in arrange ment, and spoken with earnest sincerity. He was, if not eloquent, yet one of the strongest preachers in the Southern Methodist Church. He had a wonderful capacity for work; and his health, always good, never appeared better than in the last year of 12 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. his life. Not long before his death he said to one of his sons that he was just getting ready to do his best literary work, that all his previous writing was but training and preparation, and that his best writing was yet to be done. It seemed, too, that his best work in the Church was yet to be done. His influence in the Church grew with remarkable rapidity during the last years of his life. His services were in frequent de mand for the dedication of churches, for lectures, and revival work. He had become one of the most useful members of the General Conference as its Secretary, on important com mittees, and as an authority on parliamentary law; and at the meeting of 1906 he was elected by a very large vote to the office of bishop. His colleagues immediately made him Sec retary of the College of Bishops. They expected much of him. One of them says: "In view of physical, mental, and spiritual vigor, and all his great resources to edify, inspire, and lead our Church, no man's death could be a severer blow as I see it." It was not unreasonable to expect also that his best work for the University was yet to be done; for long bound to it by the strongest ties of education and association, his connec tion with it had lately been renewed in the responsible position of Secretary of the Board of Trust and member of its Exec utive Committee, and he was prepared to exercise an influence in its behalf stronger than ever before. He had made it known to his family that the valuable phil osophical and theological library of some five thousand vol umes which he had collected was intended for the Biblical Department of Vanderbilt University, and after his death a bequest was found to that effect. This last token of the in terest he felt in his Alma Mater is a fitting memorial of him as a teacher in the University, supplying as it does a source of knowledge and inspiration to generations of students to come. Bishop Tigert's career was one of steady progress from beginning to end. There was no cessation of endeavor, no arrest of development, but ever an acceleration with increas The Lack of Proper Text-Books. 13 ing momentum. This was true not only of his outward, worldly success, but mentally and spiritually. Development in intellectual power was to be expected as long as health and mental activity were maintained, and it was generally recog nized in his writings, his addresses, and in deliberative pro ceedings. But his growth in patience, forbearance, kindliness, and such other qualities as endear one to friends and make home happy was especially apparent to his intimate asso ciates. Only those who had known him from his young man hood on were aware of his determined, continual, persevering struggle against perverse tendencies in his nature, and of his triumph over them. Bishop Tigert was a better man the last year of his life than ever before. Bishop Tigert's family consists of a younger brother, Wal ter D. Tigert, of Louisville, Ky. ; his wife, Mrs. Amelia M. Tigert, of Nashville, Tenn. ; the eldest daughter, Mrs. Wil liam D. Rhea, of Nashville, Tenn. ; Dr. Holland N. Tigert, a practicing physician of Nashville ; Mr. John J. Tigert, a Mas ter of Arts of Vanderbilt University, now a Rhodes scholar from Tennessee at Oxford University; Miss Amelia Tigert; Miss Gale Tigert ; and the youngest son, McTyeire Tigert.
THE LACK OF PROPER TEXT-BOOKS.*
BY DEAN D. R. STUBBLEFIELD, B.A., M.D., D.D.S. Fellow-Members of the Institute of Dental Pedagogics: In obedience to the dictum of precedent, your chairman comes before you to-day with an annual address. This duty has long since ceased to be an easy task. The field of our enter prise has been so often traversed and the minds of our pre siding officers have been so acute that, to say the least, novelty is almost, if not entirely, impossible. Nevertheless, it is hoped that the theme that is presented to-day may exhibit sufficient
*Presidential address before the Institute of Dental Pedagogics, Chica go, December 27, 1906. 14 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. pertinency and force to call forth your interest as well as to enlist your patient attention. For many years it has been evident to some of us that we have suffered more from a lack of means with which to teach than from a just realization of what should constitute a thor ough course of instruction. We early recognized the ne cessity of having the minds of our students as well developed and trained as possible, and to that end we have cooperated in raising the standard of preliminary education. Indeed, to some of us, who remember the comparatively excellent results produced in the earlier years, when the subject of preliminary education was practically not discussed, it almost seems that we have gone prohibitively high in our standard of matricula tion. There have even been occasional indications from some highly esteemed members that, within the professional course itself, too much time has been devoted to pure cultivation of mind, some of which might have been more profitably used in exercises that produce finger-craft, or manual dexterity, so essential in our calling. Personally we occupy a position be tween the two extremes on this subject, for we have never been able to forget that practice is but the visible output of the mental conception, that there never was any work done that was not first clearly seen by the mind directing the hand of the doer. However, in the work of improvement along the lines of our duty, as teachers of teachers, we have found stum bling-blocks to our progress. Some of these have been re moved, and others are impeding our advance still. One of these, to our mind, is the lack of proper text-books. With this proposition, some of you may not agree. That being the case, your intelligent discussion and presentation of your adverse convictions will help to clarify the situation and make others of us see the light of truth. We do not deny that so-called text-books have been in dorsed with full authority, from time to time, by intelligent committees, and that they have, perforce, been accepted by this and other bodies of our profession. But we would suggest The Lack of Prof er Text- Books. 15 that it has become almost farcical to thus approve them (al though they are the best that are presented) as adequately and satisfactorily meeting the demands of the case. In this we are not unmindful that it is easier to criticise than it is to produce; and we would not have it supposed that we are dis posed to condemn all the books extant as utterly without worth or value. No ; what we hope to show is not that the so-called text-books are not good professional books, but that they are not as good text-books as the students ought to have. To the matured professional man, whose mind discriminatingly knows what he wants, what he needs, to establish a clear conception of an everyday problem, our books are probably adequate. They are valuable, and it would be little short of audacious trifling to attempt to say or prove otherwise. We trust that our position on this point will not be misunderstood. Indeed, if we fail to make our idea so clear that it must be understood, our point is lost and this annual address is a failure, by our own confession. If, then, the so-called text-books are valuable, if they run over with information that makes up the sum of all our pro fessional lore, what under heaven is the bone of our conten tion? We pray your thoughtful attention to several convic tions. First, the average student brings to the study of our courses a mind that is relatively, if not entirely, untrained. Within certain limitations it is only the trained mind that can get out of a book what is in it. Again, within certain limitations, it is only the trained mind that can grasp certainly what is spoken to it by even an experienced teacher. We all admit the fact that the undeveloped body must get its nutrition by appropriating food suited to rudimentary digestion, but we blindly overlook the equally patent fact that the mind may suffer from a similar lack of appropriative power. Attention and a rare determination to understand may do wonders in certain isolated cases, but our contention applies to the rank and file of students. 16 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Secondly, our courses are entirely too short and too full to certainly overcome this lack of training, and yet too long to give hope of making an impression by reiteration. A tacit admission of this may be seen in our efforts to increase the time for a session, and to increase the number of sessions neces sary. This is all very well. We are not, however, one of those who seem to think that length of term or number of sessions measures arbitrarily the results to be obtained. We have never been able to believe that length of time must mean excellence of results in the ratio of the extension; for if that were true, the hangers-on, so to call them, around every col lege would ultimately become wonderful repositories of pro fessional knowledge. What we exactly mean is that a cer tain amount of time is required to become mature in knowl edge and to develop that certainty of mind which, after all is said, must forever be the sum and substance of education. So much has been concentrated in our plethoric courses of instruction that the wonder is not that students get so little, but that they are able to digest as much as they do from such a mental stuffing as it is. The American student, true to our ethnological weakness, is a hustler; and we, the teachers, are particeps criminis in not only permitting but compelling him to rush and stuff in his work. So much for the fault of the students. What about the lacking to be found in our present text-books? In our opin ion, they are too encyclopedic. Understand, not too rich in contents, nor lacking in intrinsic worth, but too large for the average student to grapple with to get the good out of. We very well remember our own sensation when, though fresh from completing an "A.B." course, we were confronted by Gray's "Anatomy" and other seemingly interminable text books on other subjects. We were paralyzed, to use a mod ern expression, by the tremendous task before us. We are convinced that size of itself appalls the young mind, especially if untrained. Again, aside from the depressing effect of large size, the The Lack of Proper Text- Books. 17 actual contents present too much that is largely obsolete. Strangely enough, many of our authors feel that they must pad out a book to get impressiveness from size, if nothing else. In this we do not decry a necessary largeness when the de mands of the subject fully justify it, although the criticism of our old professor of English comes up very forcibly, when he said : "If a man cannot condense his verbiage to a brief but clear expression of his ideas, he is not entitled to a medal for English composition." Without making, or intending to make, any invidious distinctions, look at that honored and honorable book, a very classic in dentistry, Harris's "Princi ples and Practice." We cannot help but believe, to use it as a type, that it is filled with too much that is of a historical nature and value for the best interest of a student. The ideal text-book should contain sufficient instructive matter to give clearly the latest, newest teaching to the student, leaving for a later time the valuable study of history. It is all very well for him to know of the methods and ideas that have been out grown in the progress and development of our profession, but we do not think he should be more or less embarrassed with it while he is engaged in grasping a clear view of the prin ciples and practices of dentistry. We do not plead for any such thing as a suppression of any historical data, but we ask that the two be separated, be classified, as of distinct value each in its proper place. The books mentioned may present in the round-up all that we ask for, but we plead for a text contain ing all that is essential to instruct without a preliminary pres entation of so much that may be said to be obsolete and that is therefore confusing to the student who has no judgment regarding such matters. In a word, we would have a series of concise, up-to-date text-books, full enough to include all essentials yet brief enough to inspire the student with the hope that he can master everything they present. Let him get from the teacher the vitalized meat of the subjects and then find that his books supplement this with clear-cut exposition that will clinch the nail driven by the lecturer. 2 1 8 Vanderbilt University Quarterly . The need for this sort of a reformation has been driven in upon us personally more strongly, perhaps, than on some of you by the fact that we have been changed several times in the years to different branches. Each man of you may easily test this idea by trying to find a satisfactory text, with which you may clearly and definitely supplement your instruction, a book that certainly will carry the golden thread of your idea without obfuscation or confusion to the end. It must not be forgotten that we do not charge that all of this corroborative material is without value, but we claim that immature minds find themselves snowed under, as it were, by this superabun dance of knowledge and fail to get the central, important idea that is so apt to be obscured. The beginner is unable to dis criminate between the essential and the nonessential, and the teacher cannot always be on hand to help him. You yourselves find no trouble. But years of thinking and practice have made your minds certain. There was a time when your youth ful powers were no more certain than his now, when you strug gled along the unblazed trail of knowledge, never certain you were going in the right direction. It is the experience of all beginners. If our text-books, on the contrary, were as brief as pos sible, straight and simple, they would afford a strong, true foundation of salient facts that might be limited in scope but would give a certainty of mind, a proper basis for all future extensions under the demands of professional life and experi ence. As collegiate instruction cannot make a man, but only hopes to awaken his mind to think in certain channels, it will be fortunate if we can confine that instruction to easily assim ilable principles, which may the more readily prove of prac tical value to the ambitious student. A clear grasp upon the subject treated, a definite mind picture of the practical re sult in its simplest expression, gives a solid basis on which the beginner may stand confidently. After that end has been accomplished, the "exception that proves the rule," and all the other variations that maturity knows, may be received and ac The Lack of Proper Text-Books. 19 counted for without loss of that certainty of mind which we have already defined as the only measure of education. We know this is difficult to attain. It may be a dream that we can never realize. We have already admitted that it is far easier to criticise than it is to produce the desired change. If it were not difficult, it would long since have been done. Our text-book writers would, of course, prefer to hit the nail on the head; and if they had their choice, every book would prove itself the ideal assistant that it was intended to be, and may have been thought to be, by the maker. But we claim that the subject of a perfect text has not been sufficiently appre ciated by those who teach. Here is an illustration that may make our idea clearer. A young medical graduate organized a quiz class on physiology. Being a young graduate, the es sential, fundamental principles of the subject constituted the most of his preparation for his task. He did not know enough, so to speak, to grow discursive, but had to stick close to the presentation and reiteration of the simplest principles. En tirely unconscious of it, he was the ideal teacher, and was plant ing simple facts that were not complicated by any extraneous, though possibly valuable, extensions and discussions of re lated facts. But by degrees his knowledge grew. He be came well acquainted with what was said by other authorities than his one text-book ; he knew what disputants said and what was being added from time to time by investigators. This knowledge began to creep into his quizzing and reviews un consciously and to complicate, as it proved, those simple, easily digested facts that had been the strong diet with which he had fed students hitherto. The result was that he found his classes not so well instructed as before. His reputation as a successful teacher was not so pronounced and his classes were not the source of pride that they had been. There is the point in a nutshell. He had the facts, the principles, as before; he was just as honest and conscientious as before; but he had unconsciously obscured the bare, fundamental facts with a more liberal knowledge, and he could no longer reach the men 20 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. tal grasp of his students, nor fill them with simple, digestible food. Our text-books have become text-books in name only for this simple reason. It is quite usual for sundry teachers to suggest to the students, more especially as reference books, large, compendious volumes for their use. Again, without invidious distinctions, look at the "American System of Den tistry." It is largely a compilation of excellent essays on sub jects more or less related, but we would suggest its utter unfitness for a student who wishes a grasp on the simplest presentation of a profession. The published proceedings of our societies closely resemble it and have the advantage of appended discussions. You may say that this feature is val ueless because the discussions would most likely go above the heads of the students ; but surely if they can understand the articles themselves, they may just as certainly be benefited by their clear discussion. But we believe the objection well taken and that form of instruction, from the nature of the case, un- suited to carry definite, intelligent conviction to the untrained minds with which we deal. This condition of affairs brings to mind another illustration to the end that order and method and sequence are frequently as important as material. Build ing materials may be of the best quality and of a sufficient quantity, and to the matured builder may present the idea of the finished structure ; but the bricks and stones and wood and slate are not a house to the mind of him who has just begun to work in the builder's realm. It is the part of wisdom to recognize the true condition of affairs and to take intelligent account of the limitations that are, even though we may have to confess that they ought not to be. Results are what we aim at, and results must forever be the measure of our success. In conclusion, a word as to how we think perfect text-books could be made. Let each author deliberately write out as simple an exposition as he possibly can of the essentials of his special subject. Let him revise this bare skeleton and clothe it with just enough embellishment to round it out harmonious Directory of Engineering Graduates. 21 ly but not obscure it. We believe that authors are afraid to thus rest their fame on simple, unavoidable clearness. But the experienced teacher must know that convincing lucidity brings or may bring a certainty of mind that is worth many times the more ornate and conventional book that may possibly be grasped by the student. We are doing the best work for the student when we make a few things very definite rather than give him a vague idea of many things. Definite results, though failures, are the only results from which growth of knowledge may be derived. Let us, then, strive with simple text-books to make clear the fundamental facts of dentistry.
DIRECTORY OF ENGINEERING GRADUATES. The Directory of the Engineering Graduates, prepared by Dr. J. T. McGill, General Chairman, and Professor Granbery Jack son, of the Engineering Department, is presented herewith. The courses in engineering were first organized in 1880 as a school, coordinate with the literary and scientific schools in the Academic Department ; and beginning with that year the engineer ing degrees were conferred. In 1886 the school was organized into a Department. Eighty-one individuals have received engineering degrees ; sixteen have received a second degree in the department, and five have received an earlier and six a later degree in the Academic Department; one has graduated in law and is practicing that profession; one other graduated in medicine and is practicing that profession ; four are engaged in the real estate business and merchandising; ten are teaching, one as a principal of a city high school and the others in colleges and schools of engineering ; two may be classed as electrical engineers, four as mining engi neers, seven as railroad engineers, thirty-two as civil engineers, including city engineers and those in private practice; sixteen are engaged as engineers, managers, or officials of manufacturing companies, enterprises for the conduct of which their professional training has equipped them ; one is a captain in the United States Corps of Army Engineers ; one is farming ; regarding one inade quate information is at hand to determine the classification. Only two have died. 22 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. CLASS OF 1880. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 1 Lane, Alvin Valentine, Vice President Mercantile National Bank. Dallas, Tex. C.E. "81, Ph.D. "82.
CLASS OF 1881. C1v1l Eng1neer. 1 Lane, Alvin Valentine. B.E. '80, Ph.D. '82.
CLASS OF 1882. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 2 Thornburg, Charles Lewis, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy in Lehigh University South Bethlehem, Pa. B.S. 81, C.E. '83, Ph.D. '84.
CLASS OF 1883. C1v1l Eng1neer. 2 Thornburg, Charles Lewis. B.S. '81, B.E. '82, Ph.D. '84.
Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 3 *Jungerman. Charles. Died at Newport, Ky., September 14, 1890. 4 Shipp, James Thornwell, Civil Engineer in Government Service on the Tennessee River.... U. S. Engineer's Office, Chattanooga, Tenn. B.S. '82. 5 White, Linn, Engineer South Park Board Chicago. Ill. C.E. '84.
CLASS OF 1884. C1v1l Eng1neer. 5 White, Linn. B.E. -83. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 6 *Donaldson, Luther Melancthon. Died at Elizabethtown, Ky., August 17, 1892.
CLASS OF 1886. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 7 Branch, Thomas Pettus, Professor of Mathematics in the Georgia School of Technology Atlanta, Ga. 8 Cragwall, Jasper Asaph, Professor of Mathematics in Wabash Col lege Crawfordsville, Ind. Directory of Engineering Graduates. 23
9 Hicks, Gordon Davis, Division Superintendent Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railway Tullahoma, Tenn. C.E. '87. 10 Kirkpatrick, Walter Gill, City Engineer and member of the firm of Kirkpatrick & Johnson, Civil Engineers Jackson, Miss. C.E. '87, B.S. '89, M.S. '89. 11 Waller, Claude, General Counsel of the Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railway Nashville, Tenn. B.S. '84, M.S. '88, LL.B. '90.
CLASS OF 1887. C1v1l Eng1neer. 9 Hicks, Gordon Davis. B.E. '86. 10 Kirkpatrick, Walter Gill. B.E. '86, B.S. '89, M.S. '89. Bachelor op Eng1neer1ng. 12 Hume, Alfred, Professor of Mathematics, Vice Chancellor, and Act ing Chancellor of the University of Mississippi. .. .University, Miss. C.E. '88, D.Sc. '90. 13 Leftwich, William Marvin, Contracting Engineer. Cole Building, Nashville, Tenn.
CLASS OF 1888. C1v1l Engineer. 12 Hume, Alfred. B.E. '87, D.Sc. '90. CLASS OF 1889. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 14 Learned, Andrew Brown, Lumber Dealer Natchez, Miss. 15 Wilson, Owen Harris, Physician Nashville, Tenn. M.D. '91. CLASS OF 1800. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 16 O'Mohundro, Orville L., Civil Engineer Nashville, Tenn.
CLASS OF 1891. M1n1ng Eng1neer. 17 Farrell, Elliston, Vice President M. H. Treadwell Co., Steel Manu facturers Lebanon, Pa. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 18 Bowron, Charles E., Consulting Engineer Birmingham, Ala. 19 Dyer, Arthur J. L, Manager Nashville Bridge and Construction Com pany Nashville, Tenn. 20 Halliburton. Wesley, Civil Engineer and Dealer in Timber Lands. Memphis, Tenn. 24 Vanderbilt University Quarterly.
21 Porter, Philip H., Contracting Engineer Clinton, Ky. C.E. '92. CLASS OF 1892. C1v1l Eng1neer. 22 Ogburn, John H., Assistant Professor of Mathematics Lehigh Uni versity South Bethlehem, Pa. 21 Porter. Philip H. B.E. '91. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 23 Ruhm, Herman D., Phosphate Business Mount Pleasant, Tenn. 24 Sanders, A. Bennett, Farmer Shreveport, La. B.S. (Roanoke College).
CLASS OF 1893. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 25 Brown, Lytle, Captain United States Engineers. .. .West Point, N. Y. C.E. '94 (graduate United States Military Academy '98). 26 Crook, John W., City Engineer Paris, Tex. 27 Meadows, Thomas C., President and Manager Fertilizer Company. Buffalo, N. Y. C.E. '94. 28 O'Neal, John S., Shoe Merchant Cincinnati, Ohio.
CLASS OF 1894. C1v1l Eng1neer. 25 Brown, Lytle. B.E. '93 (graduate United States Military Academy '98). 27 Meadows, Thomas C. B.E. '93. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 28a Butler, John S.. River Improvement Service. United States Engineer's Office, Nashville, Tenn. 29 Finch, Charles S. 30 Jackson, James Granbery, Adjunct Professor of Drawing and Sur veying at Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tenn. C.E. '95. 31 Mahoney, James Owen, Principal of High School Dallas, Tex. 32 Wilkes, John S., Engineer Nashville, Tenn. C.E. '95. CLASS OF 1895. C1v1l Eng1neer. 30 Jackson, James Granbery. B.E. '94. 32 Wilkes, John. B.E. '94. Directory of Engineering Graduates. 25
Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 33 Bayless, John Y., Civil Engineer. 5275 McPherson Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 34 Lund, Robert L., Engineer for Roberts, Johnson, and Rand Shoe Com pany St. Louis, Mo. C.E. '96, M.S. '97. 35 Morris, Nathan E., Real Estate Business Franklin, Tenn. 36 Rhea, William D., Secretary and Manager of the National Fertilizer Company Nashville, Tenn. 37 Weatherford, J. H., Engineer and Contractor Memphis, Tenn.
CLASS OF 1896. C1v1l Eng1neer. 34 Lund, Robert L. B.E. '95, M.S. '07. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 38 Eatherly, Adrian D., Superintendent United Colliery Company. Wevaco, W. Va. 39 Hildebrand, James Bell, Superintendent of Oil Mill. .Little Rock, Ark. 40 Johnson, Wiley Hamilton, of Kirkpatrick & Johnson, Engineers. Jackson, Miss. M.E. '97. 41 Pharr, Henry Newton, Sugar Planter Olivier, La.
CLASS OF 1897. Mechan1cal Eng1neer. 40 Johnson, Wiley Hamilton. B.E. '96. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 42 Farias, Andreas L., Mining Engineer and Promoter. Torreon, Coahuila, Mex. C.E. '98. CLASS OF 1898. C1v1l Eng1neer. 42 Farias, Andreas L. B.E. '97. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 43 Elbrich, Charles J. J., Road Master, Louisville and Nashville Rail road Louisville, Ky.
CLASS OF 1899. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 44 Miller, David Irving, President of Sheffield Casting and Manufactur ing Company Sheffield, Ala. 45 Oerting, Harold, Engineer for the Hidden Fortune Zinc Company. Dodd City, Ark. 46 Omberg, James A., Jr., City Engineer Memphis, Tenn. 26 Vanderbilt University Quarterly.
CLASS OF 1900. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 47 Hill, Philip Brockett, of Lund & Hill, Civil Engineers. Little Rock, Ark. 48 Jones, Owen Merriwether, Assistant Professor of Engineering at Tu- lane University New Orleans, La.
CLASS OF 1901. No Graduates.
CLASS OF 1oq2. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 49 Hinds, Richard Percy R., Assistant Superintendent Street Railway and Electric Light Company Meridian, Miss. 50 Lund, Alfred Majendie, of Lund & Hill, Engineers.. .Little Rock, Ark. 51 Neel, Thomas Meeks, Jr., Assistant Master Mechanic Atlanta, Bir mingham, and Atlantic Railroad Fitzgerald, Ga. M.E. '05.
CLASS OF 1903. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 52 Buckley, Ray, with Case Mill and Manufacturing Company. Louisville. Ky. 53 Chadwell, Isaac Litton, Resident Engineer of Louisville and Nashville Railway Etowah, Tenn. 54 Dorroh, John Haggard, Instructor in Engineering at University of Mississippi University, Miss. 55 Elbrich, Fred Bernard. Jr., with Louisville Bridge and Iron Company. Louisville, Ky. 56 Garland, Claude Mallory, Instructor in Mechanical Engineering at University of Illinois Urbana, III. 57 McNulty, Peter C., with Westinghouse Electric Company. Near Pittsburg, Pa. 58 O'Neal, Alfred M., Engineer with the New York Subway. New York, N. Y. 59 Scott, Earl Francis, Engineer New Orleans, La. M.E. '06.
CLASS OF 1904. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 60 Boddie, Smoker, with Cornelia Copper Company Ajo, Ariz. 61 Burks, Roy Wilson, American Bridge Company Chicago, Ill. 62 Cherry, Lester Alvah, Instructor in Drawing in Watkins Night School and Assistant to Professor C. S. Brown, Vanderbilt University. Nashville, Tenn. Directory of Engineering Graduates. 27
63 Cooper, Edwin Weaver, Resident Engineer with the Madisonville, Hartford, and Eastern Railway Hartford, Ky. 64 Creighton, Wilbur Foster, with Foster & Creighton, Contractors. Nashville, Tenn. 65 Uhl, Forrest, Engineer, of Stevenson-Kenyon Contract Company. Dallas, Tex. CLASS OF 1905. Mechan1cal Eng1neer. 51 Neel, Thomas Meeks, Jr. B.E. '02. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 66 Baskervill, George Booth, Jr., Civil Engineer Memphis, Tenn. 67 Chappell, Frank Wilson, with City Engineer Paducah, Ky. B.A. '03. 68 Dunbar, James Stewart, Jr., Assistant Engineer Cumberland Tele phone Company Nashville, Tenn. 69 Nolen, William Isaac, Nashville Bridge Company. . .Nashville, Tenn. 70 Raymond, William Hoyt, Jr., in Location Department Louisville and Nashville Railroad, Louisville, Ky. ; Assistant Resident Engineer of the Madisonville, Hartford, and Eastern Railroad, Bremen, Ky. 71 Roberts, Martin Smith, Jr., Superintendent of Construction at Van- derbilt University Nashville, Tenn. 72 White, Kenneth, with Tennessee Coal, Iron, and Railroad Company. Birmingham, Ala.
CLASS OF 1906. Mechan1cal Eng1neer. 59 Scott, Earl Francis. B.E. '03. Bachelor of Eng1neer1ng. 73 Blake, Daniel Bigelow, Student at Vanderbilt University. Nashville, Tenn. 74 Fox y Martinez, Joaquin, Engineer Monterey, Mex. 75 Freeland, Francis Eugene, with W. T. Young Bridge Company. Nashville, Tenn. 76 Hoffpauir, Ellis Aaron, with Kirkpatrick & Johnson. .. Jackson, Miss. 77 Hull, Horace Hobson, Assistant Bridge Engineer on County Bridges over the Cumberland River Nashville, Tenn. 78 Klyce, Battle Hargrove, Assistant City Engineer Jackson, Miss. B.A. '06. 79 Potts, Wilmer Houston, care F. C. I. M. (Mexico International Rail road), Durango, Durango, Mex. t8o Rich, Joe Ulysses Grant, care Public Roads Division of the Depart ment of Agriculture Washington, D. C.
tTo correct error, No. 2S DIRECTORY OF BIBLICAL GRADUATES. The Directory of the Graduates of the Biblical Department, prepared by Dr. J. T. McGill, General Chairman, with the as sistance of Professors H. B. Carre and Thomas Carter, of that Department, is presented herewith. Until the reorganization of the Department, in 1866, no pro vision was made for conferring degrees on the graduates of this Department, and the class of 1889 was the first one, under the reorganization, to present graduates qualified to be candidates for the degree. The heralded opening of the Department in 1875 brought to the University, especially in that and the next succeeding years, a considerable number of ministerial students whose scholastic preparation was inadequate to qualify them for taking with profit the classes in the Department. They were directed into the classes of the Academic Department, collegiate and subcollegiate, for a considerable part of their work. As the Academic Department increased its requirements and abolished the subcollege classes, the group designated as "ministerial can didates" became a group of students looking forward to the min istry whose scholarship entitled them to admission into the Academic Department and who were pursuing literary studies either for a degree or until they should be qualified to enter the Biblical Department. Meanwhile the Biblical Department had excluded from its classes all except those who were graduates of colleges or who had at least finished the sophomore year in the Literary Department of Vanderbilt University or some other institution of good standing. The courses of study in the Biblical Department have been divided from the beginning into a classical, including the study of the Scriptures in the original Hebrew and Greek, and an Eng lish, which omits the study of these languages, but is otherwise the same. For the first fourteen years diplomas of graduation were conferred on those who completed either of these courses. Since the reorganization the Biblical Faculty has recommended for the degree of Bachelor of Divinity those students who have previously received a literary degree from a college of good standing and for a diploma of graduation those who, not having received such a degree, had nevertheless completed the full clas Directory of Biblical Graduates. 29 sical course in theology. Students who complete the English course are recommended for a certificate. Of the two hundred and forty-four graduates, twenty-one are dead. All but thirty-eight are, or were at the time of death, members of Southern Methodist Conferences. Four others are members of Conferences in the Methodist Episcopal Church ; eighteen are teaching, eighteen are in the mission field, nine are in business, three in editorial work, two in law, one in medicine, and one a student. Seventeen hold the certificate in the English course, and fifty- three the diploma in this course. Forty-nine hold the diploma in the full course, and one hundred and twenty-eight hold the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. One holds the degree of S.T.B. Four have taken a degree after having previously received a diploma. CLASS OF 1877. Graduate 1n Theology. (Two-Ycar or English Course.) 1 Browder, Robert Walter, Preacher, Member Board of Trust of Van- derbilt University Louisville Conference. 2 Clayton, John Benjamin, Preacher St. Louis Conference. 3 Chew, Richard Flower, Preacher St. Louis Conference. 4 Emory, Silas Wright, Preacher St. Louis Conference. 5 Miller, Preston Henry, Merchant Atlanta, Ga. A.B. (Emory College). 6 Palmore, William Beverly, Editor of the St. Louis Christian Advo cate, Southwest Missouri Conference St. Louis, Mo. 7 *Tigert, John James. Born in Louisville, Ky., November 25, 1856; attended the public schools of his native city; entered Vanderbilt University in 1875; studied in both the Academic and Biblical Departments, graduating from the latter in 1877 as a member of the first class. No degree in Divinity was conferred upon graduates in the first years of the Uni versity's history, but the degree of Bachelor of Sacred Theology was conferred in recognition of work done subsequent to graduation. In 1883 this degree was conferred upon him, and he had the distinction of being the only one who ever received the degree. He joined the Louisville Conference in October, 1877. He was elected Tutor in Moral Philosophy in Vanderbilt University in 1881, and later full professor; resigned in 1800 to enter the pastorate, and was appointed to Walnut Street Church in Kansas City, Mo., where he remained till 1804, when he was elected by the General Conference Editor of Books and of The Methodist Quarterly Review. This position he held until he was elected Bishop of the M. E. Church, South, by the General Conference in May, 1906. He died in Tulsa, Ind. T., November 21, 1006, while on his first episcopal tour. In 1878 he married Miss Amelia 30 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. McTyeire, daughter of Bishop H. N. McTyeire. His widow and six children survive him. His most important publications are: "Hand book of Logic," "Constitutional History of American Episcopal Meth odism," "Making of Methodism," "Theism," "The Christianity of Christ and His Apostles." S.T.B. '83, D.D. (Emory and Henry),. LL.B. (University of Missouri). CLASS OF 1878. Graduate 1n Theology. {Two-Year or English Course.) 8 Blue, Henry Blake, Preacher Tennessee Conference. 9 Davidson, John Calvin, Business West Point, Ga. 10 Hardaway, Robert Morris, Preacher Missouri Conference. 11 *Holmes, Thomas Cleaves. Born in Lauderdale County, Tenn. ; student in Emory and Henry College; later went to Vanderbilt Theological Department, and was graduated in 1878. He served a pastoral vacancy at Augusta, Ark., in the summer of 1878. Was for the second time admitted on trial to the Memphis Conference that same year, and was appointed to Saffarans Street Church, Memphis, for 1879. He was preacher in charge of Alamo and Bells for the next year, but his health gave way during the year, and on January 8, 1881, he died at Bells, Tenn. 12 Moody, James Ashley, Preacher Memphis Conference. 13 Villegas, Francisco Diaz City of Mexico, Mex. CLASS OF 1879. Graduate 1n Theology. (Three-Year or Classical Course.) 14 McWhirter, Charles Ira. 15 Powell, Lewis, Preacher Memphis Conference. 16 Young, William James, Preacher Virginia Conference. (Two-Year or English Course.) 17 *Brown, Julien Clement. Born in Scottsboro, Ala., February 6, 1856; graduated at Vander bilt University with honors in 1879, taking Founder's Medal for ora tory ; A.M. 1881 and D.D. 1800 at Arkansas College ; licensed to preach 1874; admitted on trial same year in North Alabama Confer ence; transferred to White River Conference in 1879, to Missouri Conference in 1886, to Arkansas Conference in 1889, to White River Conference in 1892, to Mississippi Conference for three years ; from Mississippi he transferred back to the Arkansas Conference, thence to the Little Rock Conference, and in 1903 to the White River Con ference. His death occurred December 25. 1904, at Helena, Ark. Married Miss Kate Butler, of Batesville, Ark., in 1880. In 1897 he married Miss May Monier, of Helena, Ark., who survives him. 18 Burnett, George Washington. 19 Denton, Edward Kendrick, Preacher St. Louis Conference. 20 Gay, James Edgar, Preacher Western North Carolina Conference. 2t Standefer, Rufus Madison, Business, Member of Board of Trust of Vanderbilt University Spring City, Tenn. 22 Tucker, Hugh Clarence, Missionary Brazil Mission Conference. Directory of Biblical Graduates. 31 23 *Vaughn, Henry Luther. Born March 11, 1856; licensed to preach in 1876; admitted on trial into the North Mississippi Conference in 1879; ordained deacon in 1879 and elder in 1883. Took his degree from Theological Depart ment Vanderbilt University in 1879; married to Miss Trigg, of Galla tin, Tenn., in 1880. He served various works in the North Mississippi Conference, his last charge being McNutt, where he died April 4, 1892. CLASS OF 1880. Graduate 1n Theology. (Three-Year or Classical Course.) 24 Sims, William Rice, Lumber Business Indianola, Miss. B.A. '84, Ph.D. '88. (Two-Year or English Course.) 25 Brandon, Wesley Carter, Preacher Louisville Conference. 26 Butler, Frank Edward, Teacher Blossom Prairie, Tex. 27 Couey, Asbury Coke, Preacher Tennessee Conference. 28 Dargan, Marion, Preacher South Carolina Conference. 29 Pipkin, Edgar Malone, Preacher White River Conference. 30 *Smith, Edwin Isaac. Born in Atlanta, Ga., June 6, 1851 ; died at Cherry Lake, Fla., Octo ber 1, 1884; attended Emory College, where he spent one year, and thence, after preaching one year in the South Georgia Conference, he entered Vanderbilt; soon after leaving the University he married Miss Clifford Rawls ; later he entered the North Georgia Conference, and after serving several appointments in the same field he was transferred to the Florida Conference in 1884. 31 *Stewart, Mike Shava. Born in Nashville, Tenn., in 1862; licensed to preach in 1877; at tended Vanderbilt University for several years, graduating in 1880; admitted on trial to the Tennessee Conference in 1881, and was ap pointed to Wartrace Circuit, but his health broke down and he was forced to retire. Going to Colorado, he died at Denver June 2, 1884. 32 Tinnon, James Franklin, Preacher Tennessee Conference. CLASS OF 1881. Graduate 1n Theology. (Three-Year or Classical Course.) 33 Crumley, Howard Lee, Preacher North Georgia Conference. 34 Davisson, Augustus, Business Charmian, Pa. 35 Henderson, Harry Given, Preacher White River Conference. M.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan University). 36 Isaacs, Walter Gilbert, Chaplain U. S. Navy, Member Alabama Con ference. B.P. '81. 37 Stovall, George Christopher, Preacher Texas Conference. (Two-Year or English Course.) 38 Beale, George Livingston, Preacher Tennessee Conference. M.A. '81. 32 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 39 Graham, Edward Bright, Preacher Memphis Conference. 40 *StovalI, John Walker. Born in Louisiana in 1859; at an early age his parents removed to Texas and settled near San Marcos, where he grew to young man hood ; after taking preparatory work at Coronal Institute, he at tended Vanderbilt University ; he was admitted on trial into the West Texas Conference in 1881, but the next year he returned to the Uni versity ; in 1887-88 he prosecuted his studies in Germany, and after this again in 1891-93 pursued work in the University; in 1894 he served as presiding elder on the Angelo District, and in 1898 he was assigned to the Cuero District; he stayed there four years, and in 1903 was made presiding elder on the San Marcos District ; in 1905 his health failed, and on November 6 he died at his home in San Marcos; he was married in 1884 to Miss Mary Word, of Kyle, Tex. CLASS OF 1882. Graduate 1n Theology. (Three-Year or Classical Course.) 41 *Boswell, Charles Everett. Born near Simpsonville, Ky., April 29, 1858; graduated from Theo logical Department of Vanderbilt University in June, 1882; joined the Kentucky Conference the following September; after serving various charges, he occupied the chair of Ancient Languages in Asbury Col lege. His memoir appears in the minutes of the Kentucky Confer ence for 1899. 42 Comer, Charles Francis, Preacher Virginia Conference. 43 Curry, James Thomas, Preacher Tennessee Conference. 44 *Shelton, Robert McAIister. Born February 10, 1859, in Lamar County, Tex.; spent four years in preparation at Vanderbilt University; in 1883 was ordained as a local preacher ; in the fall of 1884 admitted on trial into the North Texas Conference ; afterwards was transferred to the Northwest Texas Conference ; in 1887 he was appointed to a professorship in South western University; in 1888 was ordained elder, and was appointed to Belton Station, where he remained until his death, on August 22, 1889. He was married on August 1, 1888, to Miss Mattie Mackay. 45 Townsend, William Henry. Preacher North Carolina Conference. B.A. '84. (Two-Year or English Course.) 46 *Brown, John Craig. Born in Putnam County, W. Va., March 9, 1853; entered the State University at Morgantown, W. Va., in 1871 ; after some time spent in teaching, he reentered the University, where he pursued special work in Greek and Latin; was licensed to preach in 1880; entered Vander bilt Theological Department the same year, and in 1881 was graduated from the English Course. He served only three appointments, dying near Buffalo, W. Va., August 11, 1885. 47 Elkins, John W., Preacher South Carolina Conference. 48 Howard, William Henry, Preacher Northwest Texas Conference. Directory of Biblical Graduates. 33 CLASS OF 1883. Bachelor of Sacred Theology. 7 *Tigert, John James. Th.G. '77, D.D. (Emory and Henry), LL.D. (University of Mis souri). Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 49 Harrell, Emmet Eugene, Preacher Virginia Conference. A.M. (Randolph-Macon College). 50 *H arris, Henry Terrell. Born in Fayette County, Tenn., May 5, 1855. From the University he went to Higginsville, Mo. ; and after filling appointments in Pleas ant Hill, Kansas City, and St. Louis, he was transferred to the West Texas Conference and stationed at Boerne. The next year he was assigned to San Diego, Cal. He was sent thence to Carizio Springs; but his health failed, and he died at Kaufman, Tex., June 9, 1889. 51 Knott, John Olin, Preacher Baltimore Conference. 52 McKnight, Henry Montesquieu, Preacher Pacific Conference. 53 Stephan, Josephus, Preacher St. Louis Conference. 54 Winton, George Beverly, Editor of the Nashville Christian Advocate, Member Oklahoma Conference Nashville, Tenn. M.A. (Morrisville College, Missouri). (English Course.) 55 Bewley, Winfield Cooper, Preacher. . .Southwest Missouri Conference. 56 Browder, Luther Wools, Preacher Louisville Conference. 57 Crowe, Charles Redford, Preacher Louisville Conference. 58 Evans, A. Olin, Preacher Little Rock Conference. 59 Nance, George Allen. 60 Spaih, John Bell Kennedy, Preacher Alabama Conference. 61 Squires, John Edwin, Preacher Pacific Conference. CLASS OF 1884. Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 62 *Davis, John Henry Lafayette. Born May 14, 1858, at Danville, Ala. ; attended Platonic Institute, Danville, Ala.; attended Biblical Department of Vanderbilt University 1880-84, taking the Owen Medal ; 1884-86 assistant in Greek in Van derbilt University ; 1886-87 pastor of the Methodist Church of Lincoln, Ala. ; died January 5, 1888, at Lincoln, Ala. B.A. '86. 63 Hardaway, William Emmet, Preacher. Des Moines Conference, M. E. Church. (English Course.) 64. Ware, William Reynolds, Preacher. Western North Carolina Conference. 65 Wight, John Byron, Business Cairo, Ga. B.A. (Emory College). 3 34 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. CLASS OF 1885. Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 66 Orr, John Couk, Preacher Holston Conference. (English Course.) 67 Anderson, Edward James, Teacher Crisp. Tex. 68 Deener, Richard Shelley. 69 Soon, Charles Jones, Business Shanghai, China. CLASS OF 1886. Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 70 Early, James Harmon, Preacher Louisville Conference. 71 Towson, Willard Elmore, Missionary Japan Mission Conference. (English Course.) 72 Smith, George Franklin, Preacher North Carolina Conference. 73 *Young, Lewis Cass, Lawyer. Died at Smithville, Tenn., in 1892. CLASS OF 1887. Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 74 Crymes, John Dismukes. 75 May, John Albert, Preacher North Alabama Conference. 76 Utley, Newton Willard, Lawyer Eddyville, Ky. (English Course.) 77 Hix, Milton Davis, Preacher. .. .Western North Carolina Conference. 78 Moseley, Crowder Bell, Missionary Japan Mission Conference. CLASS OF 1888. Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 79 Clark, Rufus Jesse, Teacher Meridian, Miss. 80 Dent, Thomas Madison, Preacher Tennessee Conference. 81 *Shipp, Fayette Edward. Born in Madison County, Fla., February 20, 1862; attended Emory College three years; then Vanderbilt University three years, graduating June 28, 1888; was admitted on trial in the Florida Conference January 9, 1889, in which Conference he continued to preach until his death, March 6, 1905. Married Miss Kate Maltox October 22, 1890. 82 Wright, R. E. Lee, Preacher M. E. Church. (English Course.) 83 Moore, Marion, Preacher Missouri Conference. 84 Noland, Thomas William, Preacher Tennessee Conference. 85 Watson, Neill McKay, Preacher North Carolina Conference. Directory of Biblical Graduates. 35 CLASS OF 1889. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 86 Brown, Oswald Eugene, Professor of Biblical and Ecclesiastical His tory in Vanderbilt University, Missouri Conference. . Nashville, Tenn. B.A. (Christian University, Missouri). 87 Demaree, Thomas H. Bascom, Missionary. ..Japan Mission Conference. M.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan College). 88 Hill, Felix Robertson, Jr., Preacher Mississippi Conference. M.A. (Hiwassee College). 89 *Leitch, Langhorne. Born at Mount Ida, Buckingham County, Va., August 30, 1866; was licensed to preach in 1885 ; ordained local deacon at Richmond, Va., in March, 1890; ordained local elder in 1894; graduated at Randolph- Macon College in 1886; B.D. Vanderbilt University '89; spent five months teaching in convict mine in Alabama ; because of poor health was afterwards appointed to supply work in Oregon ; in 1890 was ap pointed missionary to China by the Columbia Conference; on account of his health was obliged to return to America in 1894; in December, 1894, was transferred from China Mission to Virginia Conference ; same year was transferred to the North Carolina Conference, in which Conference he continued to preach until his death, which occurred at Johns Hopkins Hospital April 30. 1897; on November 16, 1891, he was married to Miss Mildred Phillips, a medical missionary. M.A. (Ran dolph-Macon College). Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 90 Harper, Edward Johnston Los Angeles, Cal. CLASS OF 1800. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 91 Bruce, John Lee, Missionary Brazil Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 92 Dickson, Robert Cooper Capivary, Brazil. B.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan College). 93 Rawlings, Eugene H., Preacher Virginia Conference. M.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 94 Wilson, Nathan Hunt Daniel, Preacher. .. .North Carolina Conference. B.A. (University of North Carolina). Graduate 1n Theology. (Certificate in English Course.) 95 Hearn, Thomas Alexander, Missionary China Mission Conference. B.A. '01, B.D. '01. CLASS OF 1891. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 96 Boyers, Samuel L, Preacher M. E. Church. B.A. (Ohio Wesleyan College). 36 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 97 Jordan, Turner A. B.A. (Emory and Henry College). 98 *Nolen, James T. Born in Western North Carolina April 22, 1863; B.A. '86 at Emory and Henry College; B.D. '91 Vanderbilt University; after teaching in North Carolina and Mississippi for some time was elected President of Florida Conference College in 1894; joined Florida Conference in 1896; he remained a member of this Conference until his death, on November 27, 1897. B.A. (Emory and Henry College). 99 Ross, Pemberton J., Preacher Kentucky Conference. B.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan College). Graduate 1n Theology. (Certificate in English Course.) 100 Rowlett, John Wesley, Preacher Northwest Texas Conference. 101 Yun, Tchi Ho, Principal of the Industrial Mission School of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South Songdo, Korea. CLASS OF 1892. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 102 Bradfield, William Daniel, Preacher North Texas Conference. B.A. '91. 103 Christian, William Asbury, Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 104 Hardin, Melville Coxe, Physician Atlanta, Ga. B.P. (Central College, Missouri). 105 *Hawley, James Middleton. Born in Pulaski County, Ark., January 4, 1867; A.B. '87 Hendrix College ; B.D. '92 ; A.M. '93 Vanderbilt University ; admitted on trial into Arkansas Conference in 1887 ; called to chair of English in Hen drix College in 1804 and transferred to Little Rock Conference; re signed his professorship and returned to pastoral work in 1898, contin uing his work there until his death, May 24, 1904 at Pine Bluff. See No. 167 A. 106 Mood, John Richardson, Preacher West Texas Conference. M.A. (Southwestern University). 107 Van Hook, Henry Ware, Preacher Mississippi Conference. B.A. (Centenary College). Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 108 Betterton, Thomas Crews, Business Chattanooga, Tenn. (Certificate in English Course.) no McLeod, Daniel Melville. 1n Washburn, Charles Campbell, Instructor in vocal music and Director of the Glee Club, Vanderbilt University, Teacher of vocal music. Nashville, Tenn. 1 12 Yoshioka, Yoshikuni Japan. Directory of Biblical Graduates. 37 CLASS OF 1893. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 113 Beauchamp, William B., Preacher Louisville Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College), M.A. '93. 114 *Bettis, Elbert S. Born in Hamblen County, Tenn., January 23, 1859; graduated at Emory and Henry College in 1890; B.D. '93 Vanderbilt University; licensed to preach in 1889; admitted on trial into Holston Confer ence in 1893, in which Conference he continued to preach until his death, which occurred in Phcenix, Arizona, March 2, 1903; married Miss Kate Pack, of Blacksburg, Va., September 26, 1900. B.A. (Emory and Henry College). 115 Hager, Samuel E., Missionary Japan Mission Conference. B.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan College). 116 *Hawkins, Eugene H. Born in Lowndes County, near Columbus, Miss., October 11, 1870; M.A. '90 Southern University, Greensboro, Ala. ; B.D. '93 Vanderbilt University; licensed to preach in 1889; admitted on trial into North Alabama Conference fall of 1893, in which Conference he continued to preach until his death, which occurred on August 2, 1902 ; appointed presiding elder of Fayette District in 1901 ; married Miss Sallie Swayne Wager October 14, 1896. 117 Herbert, Thomas Grigsby, Preacher South Carolina Conference. B.A. (Wofford College). 118 Thomas, Frank M., Preacher Louisville Conference. B.A. (Ogden College). Graduate 1n Theology. (Certificate in English Course.) 119 Masao, Tokichi, legal adviser to the King of Siam Bangkok, Siam. CLASS OF 1894. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 120 Carter, Thomas, Professor of New Testament Greek and Exegesis in Vanderbilt University, Louisiana Conference Nashville, Tenn. B.A. (Tulane University). 121 Dyer, Gustavus W., Instructor in Economics, Sociology, and Applied Christianity in Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tenn. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College), M.A. '94 Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 122 Ricks, William Benjamin, Preacher Louisville Conference. (Certificate in English Course.) 123 Stowe, John Joel, Preacher Tennessee Conference. CLASS OF 1895. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 124 Coleman, Felix H., Preacher Tennessee Conference. B.A. (University of Tennessee). 125 Colonna, Major Samuel, Jr., Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon). * 38 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 126 Cuninggin1, Jesse L., Adjunct Professor of New Testament Literature in Vanderbilt University and Director of the Correspondence School, North Carolina Conference Nashville, Tenn. B.A. (University of North Carolina). 127 Day, Frank L., Professor of Hebrew in Columbian University. Washington, D. C. B.A. (Roanoke College). 128 Haden, Thomas H., Missionary Japan Mission Conference. Ph.B. (University of Virginia). 129 Henry, John Bronaugh, Preacher Baltimore Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 130 Huffaker, Ebenezer, Preacher M. E. Church. B.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan College). 131 Kern, David H., Preacher Baltimore Conference. M.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 132 Rucker, Samuel J., Preacher Northwest Texas Conference. M.A. (Southwestern University). Graduate 1n Theology. (Certificate in English Course.) 133 Bays, Mamie, Newspaper Correspondent Charlotte, N. C. J34 Herbert, Chesley C., Preacher South Carolina Conference. M.A. (Wofford College). CLASS OF 1896. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 135 Greene, Raleigh W., Preacher Alabama Conference. B.S. (Alabama A. and M. College). 136 Kirkland, W. Clarke, Preacher South Carolina Conference. B.A. (Wofford College). 137 Lowry, Perry O., Preacher Louisiana Conference. B.A. (Hiwassee College). 138 Parks, James A., Preacher Oklahoma Conference. B.A. (Central College, Missouri). CLASS OF 1897. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 139 Adams, Gaston Troy, Preacher North Carolina Conference. B.A. (Trinity College). 140 Canter, Harry M., Preacher Baltimore Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 141 Cobb, Pharaoh L, Missionary in Mexico City, Balderas No. 3. Central Mexico Mission Conference. B.A. (University of Tennessee). 142 Joyner, Nicolas E., Preacher Louisiana Conference. B.A. (Centenary College). 143 King, Jesse T., Preacher West Texas Conference B.A. (Southwestern University). 144 *Rapp, George E. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, June 10, 1869; A.B. '94, A.M. '95 Ken tucky Wesleyan College; B.D. '97 Vanderbilt University; admitted into Kentucky Conference in 1897, in which Conference he continued to preach until his death, which occurred at Georgetown, Ky., August 1, 1902 ; married Miss Mary Ratcliff Crockett October 30, 1901. Directory of Biblical Graduates. 39 145 Shipley, John A. G., Preacher Baltimore Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 146 Terrell, James M., Missionary Brazil Mission Conference. B.A. (Emory and Henry College). 147 Trawick, Arcadius M., Preacher Tennessee Conference. B.A. '94. Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 148 Battin, Samuel I., Preacher Virginia Conference. 149 Clement, Andrew E., Preacher Tennessee Conference. 150 Langley, Joseph D., Business Nashville, Tenn. 151 Mitchell, James B., Preacher Florida Conference. B.S. (Iuka College), B.A. (Millsaps College), B.D. '01. CLASS OF 1898. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 152 Abney, Olympia McK., Preacher South Carolina Conference. B.A. (Wofford College). 153 Carre, Henry Beach, Adjunct Professor of Biblical Theology and English Exegesis in Vanderbilt University, Louisiana Conference. Nashville, Tenn. B.A. (Tulane University). 154 *McClure, Joseph Newton. Born in Lee County. Va., July 5. 1867 : graduated at Vanderbilt University and joined New Mexico Conference ; he remained in this Conference until his death, January 8, 1901. B.A. (Emory and Henry College). 155 McLarty, Emmett Kennedy, Preacher. Western North Carolina Conference. B.A. (Trinity College). 156 Merritt, Daniel Tatum, Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 157 Whiteside, Joseph, Missionary China Mission Conference. B.A. (Oxford College, Alabama). CLASS OF 1899. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 158 Davis, Charles T., Preacher West Texas Conference. B.A. (Emory and Henry College). 159 Granbery, John Cowper, Jr., Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 160 Hounshell, Charles Gideon, Missionary. .. .Korea Mission Conference. B.A. (Emory and Henry College). 161 McKenzie, Edward, Instructor in Church Music Memphis, Tenn. M.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan College). 162 Morgan, Joseph J., Principal of North Texas Training School, Mem ber of North Texas Conference Terrell, Tex. M.A. (Southwestern University). 163 Rawlings, James Cleland, Preacher North Texas Conference. B.A. (Center College, Kentucky). 40 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 164 Atkinson, Charles Darrity, Preacher Louisiana Conference. B.S. (Centenary College). 165 Bull, William Blackwell, Preacher. .. .Southwest Missouri Conference. 166 Harris, Thomas B., Preacher Southwest Missouri Conference. 167 Qu1llian, Frank. Preacher North Georgia Conference. B.A. (Young Harris College). (Certificate in English Course.) 168 Truesdale, Robert Sidney. Preacher South Carolina Conference. B.A. (Wofford College). CLASS OF 1000. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 169 Ader, Olin Peter, Preacher Western North Carolina Conference. B.A. (Trinity College). 170 Bowen, Albert Crossland, Missionary China Mission Conference. M.A. (Southern University). 171 Court, William, Preacher St. Louis Conference. B.A. (Central College). 172 Gilbert, Thomas Hugh, Preacher Tennessee Conference. B.A. (University of Georgia). 173 Greer, Clinton Humphrey, Missionary Cuba Mission Conference. B.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan College). 174 Jarrell, Charles Crawford. Preacher North Georgia Conference. M.A. (Emory College). 175 Klein, Gustavus Adolphus, Preacher Memphis Conference. B.A. (Louisville University). 176 McCartney, John Elliott, Preacher Virginia Conference. M.A. (Randolph-Macon Colkge). 151 Mitchell, James B. B.S. (Iuka College), B.A. (Millsaps College), Th.G. '97. 177 Morelock, Joseph Fletcher, Preacher North Texas Conference. B.A. '98, M.A. '00. 178 Patterson, Byron Pinckney, Preacher. . .North Mississippi Conference. B.A. (University of Mississippi). Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 179 Dickenson, Robert Edwards, Preacher Missouri Conference. B.A. (Morrisville College), B.D. '05. 180 McCary, Thomas Franklin. (Certificate in English Course.) 181 Farmer, Wilmot Alexander. Ph.B. (Emory College). 182 Snipes, Eugene Malcolm, Preacher North Carolina Conference. Ph.B. (University of North Carolina). CLASS OF 1901. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 183 Ashida, Keiji, Teacher and Preacher Japan Mission Conference. (Graduate of Kwansei Gakuin.) : i/v. Directory of Biblical Graduates. 184 Curtis, William Marvelte. Preacher Montana Conference. M.A. (Southwestern University). 185 Duncan, Charles Bernard, Preacher Missouri Conference. B.A. (Central College). 186 Franklin, Charles, Preacher Southwest Missouri Conference. M.A. (Central College). 95 Hearn, Thomas A. Th.G. '90, B.A. '01. 187 McConnell, Ray Madding, Graduate Student and Assistant in Social Ethics in Harvard University Cambridge, Mass. B.A. (Southern University), M.A. '02 (Harvard University). 188 McCulloch, James Edward, Superintendent of the Missionary Train ing School, Tennessee Conference Nashville, Tenn. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 189 Shannon, Alexander Harvey, Preacher Tennessee Conference. B.A. (Millsaps College), M.A. '01. 190 Wolfe, Joseph Emmanuel, Preacher Holston Conference. B.A. (Emory and Henry College). 191 Woolf, Ernest Lee, Preacher Baltimore Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 192 Adams, Eleazar Tarrant, Preacher St. Louis Conference. 193 Stevenson, Henry Munn. Preacher North Alabama Conference. B.A. (Roanoke College). (Certificate in English Course.) 194 Powell, Eugene Hume, Preacher Virginia Conference. '95 Tyler, Frank Ames, Preacher Baltimore Conference. 1 CLASS OF 1902. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 196 Carley, Henry Thompson, Preacher Mississippi Conference. B.A. (Millsaps College). 197 Henry, Waights Gibbs, Preacher North Alabama Conference. B.A. (Southern University). 198 Jones, William Burwell, Preacher Mississippi Conference. B.A. (Millsaps College). 199 Lutz, Albert Simion, Preacher Louisiana Conference. B.A. (Centenary College). 200 Odell, Edson Kinney, Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 201 Pfeiffer, Henry Casper, Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 202 Singleton, Frank Edus, Preacher Northwest Texas Conference. B.A. (Centenary College). 203 Slaton, Samuel Toliver, Professor of Natural Science in Birmingham College, Member of North Alabama Conference.. .Birmingham, Ala. B.S. (Alabama A. and M. College). 42 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. CLASS OF 1903. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 204 Carey, J. Franklin, Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. (Washington College). 205 Dixon, John Wesley, Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. ( Hampden-Sydney College). 206 Flinn, Glenn, Preacher Texas Conference. B.A. (Southwestern University). 207 Holmes, William Walter, Preacher Louisiana Conference. B.A. (Millsaps College). 208 Lowe, Lewis Davies, Preacher Florida Conference. B.A. (Emory College). 209 Peerman, Ernest Leslie, Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. (Randolph- Macon College). 210 Shackford, John Walter, Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). Graduate 1n Theology. (Certificate in English Course.) 211 Porter, Robert Edwin, Preacher North Carolina Conference. CLASS OF 1904. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 212 Barnett, Robinson Ira, Preacher Florida Conference. B.A. (Florida Conference College). 213 Dobbs, Hoyt McWhorter, Preacher North Alabama Conference. M.A. (Southern University). 214 Nance, Walter Buckner, Missionary China Mission Conference. B.A. '93. 215 Perry, Louis Clausiel, Professor of History in Hendrix College, Mem ber of Arkansas Conference Conway, Ark. B.S. (Rutherford College), B.S. '04. 216 Williamson, Elgin Eugene, Preacher. Western North Carolina Conference. B.A. (Wofford College). Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 217 Tyler, John Paul, Preacher Baltimore Conference. (Certificate in English Course.) 218 Satterfield, Robert Samuel, Preacher Oklahoma Conference. CLASS OF 1905. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 179 Dickenson, Robert Edwards. B.A. (Morrisville College), Th. G. '00. 219 Dunkle, William Frederic, Preacher Oklahoma Conference. B.S. (Southwestern University). 220 Hawk, John Crisman, Missionary China Mission Conference. B.A. (Emory and Henry College). 221 Hutchinson, Forney, Preacher Little Rock Conference. B.A. (Hendrix College). Directory of Biblical Graduates. 43 222 James, John Lee, Preacher Oklahoma Conference. B.A. (Southwestern University). 223 Kern, Paul Bentley, Instructor in Correspondence School at Vander- bilt University. Tennessee Conference Nashville, Tenn. B.A. '04, M.A. '05. 224 Lanius, Carol Vincent, Preacher Missouri Conference. B.A. (Central College). 225 Lipscomb, E. Wadsworth, Preacher Mississippi Conference. B.A. (University of Mississippi). 226 McSwain, Robert B., Preacher Little Rock Conference. M.A. (Arkadelphia Methodist College), M.A. '97. 227 Price, William Francis, Preacher Little Rock Conference. B.A. (Southern University). 228 Simpson, Claude M., Preacher Texas Conference. B.A. (Millsaps College), M.A. '06. 229 Tally, Charles Tilden, Preacher North Texas Confererc ■ B.A. (Southwestern College). 230 Thrift, Charles T., Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 231 Townsend, Estel Alexander, Preacher Florida Conference. B.A. (Hendrix College). 232 Turtle, Clayton O., Preacher Virginia Conference. M.A. (Randolph-Macon College). 233 Wasson, Alfred W., Missionary Korea Mission Conference. B.A. (University of Arkansas). 234 Wright, Samuel Otto, Preacher Virginia Conference. B.A. (Randolph-Macon College). Graduate 1n Theology. (Full Course.) 235 Kirkpatrick, Charles Silas, Preacher. Western North Carolina Conference. CLASS OF 1906. Bachelor of D1v1n1ty. 236 Bernard, Adolph Arthur, Preacher Louisiana Conference. B.A. (Centenary College). 237 Dempsey, Elam F., Preacher North Georgia Conference. B.A. (Emory College). 238 Doss, William L., Jr., Preacher Louisiana Conference. B.A. (Centenary College). 239 Ellison, Robert Ross, Preacher Alabama Conference. M.A. (Southwestern University). 240 Goldring, William Emmanuel, Preacher Arlington, Tex. B.A. (Polytechnic College). 241 Kelly, Charles Peck, Preacher Holston Conference. B.A. (Emory and Henry College). 242 McKellar, Idus Eugene, Preacher South Georgia Conference. B.A. (Emory College). 243 Reed, Henry Thomas, Missionary China Mission Conference. B.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan College). 244 Willis, Paul Hemming, Student Vanderbilt University. M.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan College). t24S Wailes, William L. C.. Professor in Paine Institute Augusta, Ga. B.A. (Centenary College). fTotal number, 244. No. 109 om1tted through error. Un1vers1ty News THE REPORT OF THE COMMISSION. The last number of the Quarterly contained an account of the meeting of the Vanderbilt Commission, October 24-27, 1906. The report of the Commission, prepared by the Chairman, Judge Edward C. O'Rear, and signed by all the members of the Com mission, was received December 5. This report discusses at length the history of the University and its legal status under the laws of Tennessee. Conflicting conclusions as to the status of the University may be drawn by taking isolated sentences or il lustrations from different parts of the report, but on the main issues submitted the decision of the Commission is definite and clear. The chief point of contention was over the rights of the bishops as related to the Board of Trust. The settlement of this question hinged on the meaning and legality of one of the resolutions of the Memphis Convention, which was incorporated into the origi nal charter. By this resolution, it was claimed on the one hand that the bishops had definite rights as trustees — at least to the extent specified in the resolution — viz., to act with the Board in the election of officers and in prescribing curriculum and plan of government. It was also contended that they had general rights of supervision as visitors. On the other side it was held that no such rights were conferred or could be legally exercised by them. The Commission decided that the bishops are not trustees and cannot perform any of the duties of trustees, unless elected mem bers of the Board as others are elected. They are, however, visit ors, and may act as such whenever it becomes necessary. Their rights in this capacity are not easily determined or defined. In the language of the decision: "This does not entitle them to in terfere with the internal management of the affairs of the insti tution, so long as the Board of Trust do not violate the laws of the State or the charter granted to the institution by the State or the purpose of the settlers of the trust. But they do have the University News. 45 right of inspection and of general supervision in the sense of compelling the execution of the trust, even as to its internal management or policy in the spirit of its settlement, and so as to insure the observance of the charter, the conditions of spe cific gifts, and the statutes of the State." Another important point was decided by the Commission, al though it had not entered into the contest to any large extent. There is at present a statute enacted by the State of Tennessee in 1895 which gives a Church the right to elect the trustees of any institution "maintained and patronized" by it. The Commission decides that this statute applies to Vanderbilt University, and hence the Board of Trust is not, in the opinion of the Commis sion, self-perpetuating, as it has always claimed, but its vacancies may be filled by the General Conference. The Commission does not discuss this point in detail, but is of the opinion that Vander bilt University is "maintained" by the Methodist Church in the sense demanded by the statute. PUBLIC LECTURERS AND SPEAKERS. The Cole Lecturer of 1907 is Rev. John Watson, D.D., the eminent Scotch preacher, theologian, and man of letters, who is more popularly known as Ian Maclaren, author of "Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush." The lectures will be given on six days, be ginning Sunday, April 28, and concluding Sunday, May 5. Be sides giving this series of theological lectures he will give one evening of readings from his own works in the chapel under the auspices of the Vanderbilt Woman's Club. The preacher of the commencement sermon is Rev. Hugh S. Black, formerly of Scotland, but for several years Professor of Practical Theology in Union Theological Seminary, New York. The alumni address this year will be given by Dr. E. E. Bar nard. He proposes to speak somewhat informally upon "Per sonal Reminiscences," particularly of the period when he was in Nashville and at Vanderbilt University. The alumni poem will be read by Dr. G. B. Winton, editor of the Nashville Christian Advocate. Instead of the usual literary address on Tuesday night of com 46 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. mencement week there will be a scientific address by Dr. Ira Remsen, who has been for more than thirty years Professor of Chemistry at Johns Hopkins University, and for the past three years President also, succeeding President Daniel C. Gilman. In connection with this event the executors of the Furman estate will formally discharge their trust, turning over to the University the new laboratory building, Furman Hall, which it is anticipated will be by that time completed except for the installation of the furnishings. ALUMNI ON THE BOARD OF TRUST. For a good many years the Vanderbilt Alumni Association has had under consideration the project of asking the University Board of Trust to fill some vacancies in the Board from year to year by the election of men from a list of candidates nominated by the graduates of the institution acting through the Alumni As sociation. At its meeting last June the Association passed from words to acts, and through a committee appointed for the pur pose presented the names of a number of eligible graduates to the Board of Trust. Out of this number the Board made some selections, and appeared to do so with a great deal of satisfaction. Since then individual members of the Board have shown by their expressions hearty approval of the project of the Alumni Asso ciation. It is indeed a project which has commended itself by its suc cess in a considerable number of institutions in which it has been put in practice. No body of men can be found more loyal and devoted to an institution, more interested in its welfare, and more ambitious for its development than the alumni who cherish the memory of their college years and who value more and more the degree they bear, as they see its value rise with the growth and development of their Alma Mater. What is true of other institutions in this regard is certainly true of Vanderbilt University. The body of its alumni now num bers between thirty-five hundred and four thousand names. Many of these have already achieved distinction in various walks of life in the South, and among them there is now visibly rising a desire to have a part in watching over and guiding the destinies University News. 47 of the institution they love. As yet, however, the body of the alumni lacks in coherence and in acquaintanceship of member with member. This fact makes it impossible at present to apply in Vanderbilt the system of alumni participation in the selection of governors which exists in other institutions. The terms of the charter, which make a direct election impossible, also require the devising of a plan suited to the especial conditions of this institution. It goes without saying that a method so simple as the hastily devised committee on nominations, which was ap pointed last June and performed its work and dissolved within less than a half dozen hours, is not suited to the needs of the occasion. It is the purpose of this article to propose a system which may be presented to the alumni through the Quarterly for their con sideration, and which may then be presented to the Alumni Asso ciation at its annual meeting in June for adoption. The scheme proposed is as follows: Let there be a permanent committee of the Alumni Association which shall be known as the "Committee on the Nomination of Alumni Candidates for the Board of Trust." It should be a committee of, say, nine mem bers: three appointed for two years, three for four years, and three for six years ; the successors to be named for uniform terms of six years. The committee should represent all departments of the University fairly and reasonably. Its constitution will not be a matter of any difficulty, since frequently men are graduates from more than one department. It should be the duty of this committee, by correspondence or personal conference, to select a number of the alumni worthy to be made members of the Board of Trust, say four names for each place for which a nomination should be made. The ticket thus prepared by the committee should be sent with a circular letter of explanation to every alumnus at some convenient time, prob ably not later than the first of the April preceding the meeting of the Board at which it is proposed to present nominees. The alumni should be invited to indicate by ballot their preference for two out of the four names, or to suggest new names instead of those suggested by the committee. Not later than the 1st of May these ballots should be in the hands of the committee, and the bal loting closed. 48 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. It may be anticipated that at first the number of alumni who will take the pains to send in their ballots will not be large; probably not large enough to be considered respresentative of the whole body. It may be anticipated that it will not be sufficiently large to justify the application of the democratic rule that those who do not vote should be held to give their consent to that which the majority of those who do vote determine. It is therefore pro posed that the committee on nominations should revise the list of names which they have prepared in the light of the balloting which has occurred, but not feeling bound by the actual result of the balloting. It should be the duty of the committee, in view of all the facts before them, to make final choice of two names for each place, and at the proper time to present these names to the Board for their consideration. At the same time that the alumni are invited to ballot for nomi nations for positions on the Board of Trust they should be invited to nominate members in place of those members of the nominating committee whose terms will expire. These nominations, when re ceived by the committee, should be turned over to the Executive Committee of the Association. It should then be the duty of the Executive Committee, guided by their judgment and in view of the wishes of the alumni as evidenced by their ballots, to nominate members of the permanent committee on nominations in place of those whose terms are to expire. The election should occur in the annual meeting of the Association in Nashville. The Board of Trust of the University is divided into four classes elected for eight years. Every second year the term of one class expires and new members must be elected. The work of the nominating committee would, therefore, normally have to be done only once in two years. The expenses for printing, post age, and clerical labor can be estimated at not to exceed $50. THE FOOTBALL SEASON OF 1906. BY DR. R. B. STEELE. The differences between the football rules of 1906 and those of 1905 made it uncertain at the beginning of the season what the quality of the game for 1906 would be ; and it was perhaps to get some light on this question that on October 6 one of the University News. 49 largest crowds ever attending the first game of the season at Vanderbilt came to see the contest between Vanderbilt and Ken tucky State. Most of our players had been seen in the games of 1905, and their playing seemed to have all the old characteristics, though the score, 28 to o, seemed insignificant compared with the 97 to o of the game with Maryville the year before. The Van derbilt team was penalized several times for infractions of the rules, but the playing throughout presaged a strong team. A week later the Mississippi team, under the direction of Coach Hammond, who, like Coach McGugin, had received his training at Michigan, was defeated by practically the same score, 29 to o, the playing and the penalties being about the same as in the first game. The third game, with Alabama, October 20, was in all respects the most disappointing of the games played this fall. The Alabama team did not wish to come, stating that they had been weakened by injuries, and the comparatively few who came to see them play were scarcely rewarded by seeing touchdowns made every two minutes and a final score of 78 to o. There was a general feeling that the game with Texas would be a close, hard one, and a much larger number than were at the Mississippi game came to see it, October 27. The Texas men, in point of physique, seemed the equals of the Vanderbilt players, yet they did not succeed in making a first down during the game, while Vanderbilt made one point in each of the forty-five minutes of play. Large as was the score (45 to o), the game was interest ing from first to last, as strong and skillful players were being defeated by players as strong and still more skillful. The week following the Texas game came the first trip of the team away from home, to Ann Arbor to play the Michigan team, on November 3. Before the time for the game to begin the Masonic Theater, at Nashville, was crowded by those who had come to see the game detailed. From the moment that it was an nounced that Manier had made five yards over Eyke, till a few minutes before the close the audience was in suspense as to the result. The tide of success seemed to have set in for Michigan when the news came that Garrells had kicked goal ; but soon word came that Vanderbilt was on Michigan's seven-yard line, and then that Michigan had been penalized five yards, and then — there came a break in the unsatisfactory telegraphic service — and later it was 4 50 Vandcrbilt University Quarterly. learned from other sources that the half had closed with a score of 4 to o in favor of Michigan. When in the second half it was reported that Blake had kicked goal, the enthusiasm of the au dience broke forth, and it was felt that Vanderbilt would hold Michigan to a tie game; but just before the close Garrells made his run of sixty-five yards on a fake kick, and the game was lost to Michigan, 10 to 4. These figures will take their place in the record, but back of the figures there will be to Vanderbilt men the consolation that, independent of the score, Vanderbilt was the stronger team and played the better game. The Saturday after the Michigan game a few of the faithful came out to learn about the Rose Polytechnic team, from Terre Haute, Ind., for no one knew anything about their playing ability. The team was the surprise of the season. It took Vanderbilt twelve minutes to make the first touchdown, during which time Rose made two attempts to kick goal. More than this, nearly two-thirds of the distance gained by Vanderbilt goes to the credit of Manier and R. E. Blake, Manier making the five touchdowns, while Blake kicked one goal from field, and, emulating Garrells's example, made several long runs on fake kicks. To Manier and Blake goes the credit for all the points made a week later in the Georgia Tech. game, at Atlanta, where, mid rain and mud, Van derbilt was victorious by a score of 33 to 6. After the Michigan game a telegram was received from the manager of the Carlisle Indians asking in regard to a game. In reply terms were sent, and November 22 or 24 was named as the time. The terms were acceptable, and November 22 was finally chosen for the game ; and this day, in spite of the bad weather pre ceding, proved all that could be desired. No game that had ever been scheduled for Dudley Field attracted such widespread inter est, and from distant cities men came to see the clashing of the representatives of two civilizations in the sixteenth decisive "Bat tle of the World." Victory was generally conceded to the In dians, and the first few moments of play foreshadowed such a result, for a return of twenty-five yards after a kick and an end run of twenty yards by Mount Pleasant placed the ball on the Vanderbilt four-yard line. Here the Indians were held for downs, and during the remainder of the half they were outplayed, Van derbilt bringing the ball near enough to try four times for a kick University News. 51 for goal. The fourth trial succeeded just before the close of the half, and the demonstrations which followed surpassed all that had ever before been seen on Dudley Field. In the second half the advantage, at least in carrying the ball, was with the Indians, one series of gains netting thirty-three yards ; but aside from this first downs were very few on both sides and Blake's superior kicking more than counterbalanced the gains of the Indians in carrying the ball. Neither side was able to score again. There have been other football games on Dudley Field in which the teams were as nearly equally matched, but there has not been another game in which teams so strong and so well-trained have struggled for the mastery ; and there has been no other game in which such varied resources have been shown, whether we con sider the brilliant triple pass, which netted thirty yards for Car lisle, the surprising kick of the ball forward through the Van- derbilt line, or the more general features of the play, in which rapidly shifting, skillfully executed attacks were foiled by an equally resourceful defense. It was the culmination of football at Vanderbilt, and when future generations shall tell of great foot ball victories won, the white-haired veterans of this struggle will still say : "Perhaps, perhaps, but you ought to have seen the game with the Carlisle Indians." It was feared that the large attendance at the Carlisle game would seriously affect the interest in the Thanksgiving Day game with Sewanee ; but just as many came as had been out the Thurs day before. There was the same exhibition of college loyalty, the same rivalry of college colors, and a general expectation that the game would be closer than in 1905. This proved to be the case. Yet either because of Sewanee's strength, or because the Vander bilt men had not fully recovered from the Carlisle game, the con test seemed tame in comparison with that. Ten points in each half were won by Vanderbilt, resulting from a touchdown and goal, and a goal kicked from the field. At no time was there that extreme tension which lasted all through the Carlisle game, and the reaction of interest was manifest all through the contest. In other years it would have been a fitting climax to the season's work, but this was reached the week before, and a matter-of- course feeling pervaded the entire game. Looked at from nearly every point of view the season was the 52 Vanderbilt University Quarterly . most successful in the history of Vanderbilt athletics. Never be fore had there been equal success in the games, never before had the receipts been so great, never before had field matters been so carefully administered, and when the time comes to take the final view of the players as University men, we believe that they too, as a team, will be the equal of any that has represented the Uni versity. The evolution of the team is shown by the following table, which gives the names of all who took part for any length of time in any of the games, also the position played, and whether during all or only a part of the game : •1 ■r. U - o •- H 2 M B. < u < < H 5 < C Si w M a c ■J2 < u o K B i ■j u O X U bi < H S < 2. O O CO L. E.* J.N.Stone \ L. G.* c. C. C. C. c. c. C. c. W.T. McLain.. L. G. L. G.* L. G.* L. G. L. G.* L. G.« L. G. L. G. W. K. Chorn 'r'.'g'.'* R. G.* R. G.» R. G.* R. G. R. G. R. G. R. G.» R. G. 1. G. Prlchard L. T. L. T.* L. T. L. T. L. T. L. T. L. T. L. T. L. T. E.T. Noel . R. T. R. T. R. T. R. T. R. T. R. T. R. T. R. T. R. T. J. V. Blake L E.» L. E. L. E.* L. E.* L. E.* L. E. L. E* L. E. L. E.* K. E. Blake R. E. R. E. R. E. R. E. R. E. R. E. R. E. R. E. R. E. Q.* Q. Q* Q.* Q. Q. Q.* Q. Q. D. B. Blake, Jr L H.* L. H. L. H. L. H. I.. H. L. H. L. H. L. H. L. H. J. L. Craig R. H.» R. H. R. II.* R. H. R. H. R. H. R. H. R. H. R. H. J.O. Mmler. K. B. F. B.» F. B.« F. B. F. B. F. B. F. B. F. B. F. B. F. O. Wvnne C. L. G.« L. G.* R. G.* H. E. Sherrlll R. G.« r.. T.* L. G.* L. G.« J. J. K1ng L. G.» R. G.» R. G* O. Noel L. E.» L. E.* R. G.* L. E.* W. A. Cunningham I.. E.» L. E.» G. A. Hall Q.* Q* Q.* L. H.« F. B.* F. B.* R. H.* R. ll.* r'.'g'.'* * Part of game. As may be seen from the table, the eleven players who began the game against Sewanee, with the exception of McLain, who did not play against Kentucky State, were in every game. Wynne was at center in the first game, was out most of the season because of an injured knee, and, relieving Chorn in the Carlisle game, was hurt in the first down and gave way to O. Noel. All the other men, so far as physical condition was concerned, might have played through every game. The substitutions were largely for the purpose of insuring trained reserves, and not because the players displaced could not have continued in the game. How University News. 53 ever, two of the changes were due to the official's "So be it." The good physical condition of the players indicates the carefulness of their training and that the maiming of players is not the neces sary concomitant of playing football. Educat1onal H1story of the Players. "Prophecy may be futile, but the past is sure. Straight col lege students playing straight, clean football won all the games but one against well-trained competitors; and, since the team represents normal conditions at Vanderbilt, it seems certain that strong teams will in the future be organized under the same con ditions." With these words the Chronicler closed his account of the football season of 1902, and it will not be out of place at this time to present in detail some facts, the general outlines of which were given at the recent meeting of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association as the fundamental reason for the continued success of the Vanderbilt football teams. The teams have been made up of students whose vocation has been studying and whose avocation has been athletics. The proof of this can be readily seen from the following lists giving the name of every player mentioned by the Chronicler from 1902 to 1906, whether he played in a part of one game or in all the games of the season. There is also given the years (following 1902) on the team, and the college status of each at the present time, or when his connection with Vanderbilt closed : 1qoa (iS players). Years Played . Pos1t1on. Collegk Status. 1902-1003...... C. ....M.D. 1905. ..G. andT...... B.S. 1905. ..L. G. ...B.A. 1903. ..R. T. ....Soph. Acad. 1902-03. John M. Lawler... ..L. T. ....M.D. 1904. ..E. andH. B...... LL.B. 1906. J. T. Howell, Jr... ,.B. and Q...... Jun. Acad. 190V-04. ..Q. ...LL.B. 1905. Post Grad. 1905-06. J. J.T1gert. ,.R. H. ... B.A. 1904; Rhodes Scho lar 1904. ..L. H. ....LL.B. 1903. ,.F. B. ...B.A. 1902; M.A. 1903. J. R. W1ll1amson .. ..E. .. B.A. 1904. „G. and C...... B.S. 1904. L. E. Mart1n ..E. ....Second yr. Med. 1902-03. W. S. Love ..E. ....Third yr. Med. 1906-07. D. B. Blake, Jr ..H. B. ...B.E. 1906. Post Grad. 1 906-07. E. J. Ham1lton 1902-1905 E. and F. B B.A. 1906. J. B. Wade- 1902 G. and C LL B. 1903. Record of players before the fall of 1902 not included. 54 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 'q0S ('4 players). II. C. Patterson 1903-1005 G. and C B.A. 1906. J. H. Brown 1903-1904 G. B.A. 1899; LLB. 1905. J. G. Prichard 1903-1906 L. T. D.D.S. 1906; Acad. 1906-07. It. E Blake 1903; 05-06.. ..E. _...Jun. Acad. 1906-07. G.Jones 1903 e. B.S. 1904; M.S. 1905. I. Brown 1903-1906 L. £. B.A. 1906. Played In 1902: Perry, Graham, Howell, Kyle, Bryan, D. B. Blake, Ham1lton, Tlgert. 'W US players). .1. N. Stone 1904-1906 C. and G Jon. Eng. 1906-07. J. B. S1bley 1.JO4 G. B.A. 1905. M. H. Taylor. 1004-1905 R. T. LI..B. 1906. J. L. Cra1g.- 1904-1906 R. H. Soph. Eng. 1905; I-aw 1906. Sam Costen ioo4;19o6 Q. Fresh. Acad. 1904; Law 1906. J. O. Man1er 1904-1906 F. B. Sen. Acad. 1906-07. J. R. Haygood 1904-1905 Q. Soph. Eng. 1905-06. Played in 1903: Graham, Kyle, D. B. Blake, Ham1lton, Patterson, J. II. Brown, Prichard, I. Brown. 'q0S ('7 players). Oscar Noel 1905-1906 E. Soph. Acad. 1906-07. G. G. Crawford 1905-1906 H. Soph. ling. 1906-07. W. T. McLa1n 1905-1905 G. Sen. Acad. HJ06-07. H. E. Sherr1ll 1905-1906 G. Soph. Acad. 1906-07. S. F. Hobba 1905 C...... Fresh. Acad. 1905-06. Played 1n 1904: Kyle, D. B. Blake, Hamilton, Patterson, Prichard, I. Brown, Stone, Taylor, Cra1g, Man1er, Haygood; played in 1903: R. E. Blake. 1qob (1g players). G. A. Hall 1906 Q. . ...Sen. Acad. 1906-07. J. E. Lockhart 1906 H. Sen. Eng. 1906-07. W. K. Chorn 1906 G. Sen. Law 1906-07. K. O. Wynne 1906 C. Sen. Law 1906-07. W.A.Cunn1ngham 1906 E. Jun. Eng. 190^-07. J.J. King 1906 G. Jun. Eng. 1906-07. J. V. Blake 1906 L. E. S ph. Acad. 1906-07. E.T.Noel 1006 T. Fresh. Acad. 1906-07. Played 1n 1905: D. B. Blake, R. K. Blake, Prichard, Stone. Craig, Man1er, McLain, Oscar Noel, Crawford, Sherrill; played in 1004: Cot-ten. When the final record is made, barring some unforeseen ca lamity, all the members of the teams of 1902 and 1903, excepting Howell, Martin, and Massey, will have received a degree from Vanderbilt. Howell is in business in St. Louis; Martin grad uated in medicine and pharmacy at Tulane in 1905 ; and Massey, who is principal of a college preparatory school at Cornersville, Tenn., still hopes to spend at Chicago University the two more summer quarters necessary to secure the bachelor's degree from that institution. All the players since then have received their degrees, or are still in school, with the exception of Hobbs (1905), who has gone to another institution, and Haygood (1904-05), who, though not University News. 55 now in college, expects to return and complete his course. At the close of the present academic year eight of the players in the Michigan game of 1905 will have their degrees. When it is con sidered that the names of substitutes as well as of regular play ers have been given, it will the more clearly appear that the Van- derbilt type of football player is the genuine student, who has taken up athletics as an adjunct to his student life. The teams have been made up of men who came intending to graduate, seized the athletic opportunity as it was presented to them, and, entering the ranks of the alumni, have given place to others with like ambitions. The continuity of athletic life is indicated by the number of old players in every team. But this is merely an in dex of the continuity of the college life. Though individuals pass out, the organized activity is perpetual. Out of these condi tions has come Vanderbilt's athletic strength, and the past student record of athletics is one of which every Vanderbilt man should be proud, with that worthy pride which not only rejoices but also works for the continuance of the same conditions in the future. The Second Team. It is meet that some recognition should be given to the mem bers of the second team who so willingly lend themselves to be trodden on for the good of football. Under the guidance of the assistant coach, Frank Kyle, who, during his five years of service on the Vanderbilt team, had completely mastered the technique of the game, they attained such proficiency that they were not scored on by either of the school teams which they played. On October 12 they played the heavier Mooney team ; but neither side was able to score, though each was several times very near its opponent's goal line. The Vanderbilt players in this game were: Gwynn, R. E., Morrison, R. T., Merritt, R. G., Thweat, C., Noland, L. G., Souby, L. T., Fugler, L. E., Scales, R. H., Potts, L. H., Hume and Baskervill, Q., Morton, F. B. Two weeks later, on October 26, with Noel, L. G., Mason, Q., Pinson, R. H., and Morrison, F. B., they went to Franklin and defeated the team of the Battle Ground Academy 10 to o in a game characterized throughout by the steady playing of the Vanderbilt mien. They furnished throughout the season a consistent line of defense against the first team men ; and it would not be unbecoming if to them as 56 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. well as to the first team men should be given some token in rec ognition of their patient endurance for the general football weal. The Annual Banquet. The annual banquet was given at the University Club on the evening of Friday, November 30, and was one of the most suc cessful ever given, especially in the toasting line. Preceding this part of the programme there was read a telegram from Sewanee : To Our Dearest Foes: Cordial greeting and congratulations. Georgr C. Watk1ns, Captain. The following was sent in reply : Vanderbilt highly appreciates the congratulations of her gallant rival. Dan Blake. The following programme was then given : The Occasion We Celebrate. Chancellor J. H. Kirkland. The Spelling Book vs. Football as Applied to Indians. Professor J. H. Stevenson. Why Michigan Did Not Make a Larger Score against Vanderbilt. Coach Fielding H. Yost, Michigan. Dope and Its Possibilities. Mr. F. 0. Watts. Who Next? Coach Dan McGugin. Nobody Works but Father. R. B. Steele. Prophecy as Applied to Football. Hon. John Bell Keeble. Lo ! the poor Indian, whose untutored mind To football tricks seems well inclined. Jeff McCarn. The Team of 1906. Capt. Dan Blake. The above has been called "the best list of toasts ever heard on a similar occasion." But it would ill become the Chronicler by giving but a fragment to mar the beauty of any of the polished diamonds of wit. Yet we may quote the following letter read by Chancellor Kirkland: Grand Central Depot, New York, November 26, 1906. Dear Mr. Kirkland: Thanks for your letter of November 24, with clip pings inclosed referring to the football game in which the University beat the Carlisle Indians. It was a glorious victory for Vanderbilt University, and the students should be proud of their success, and I am happy to be able to offer my congratulations and also to wish them success in the various fields of life to which they may be called. Yours very truly, W. K. Vanderb1lt. University Mews. 57 Mr. George D. Kirkman, a Director of the College Athletic As sociation, which entertained the Vanderbilt team in Chicago on their way home from Ann Arbor, was present and spoke in praise of the team, and also read a letter from the chairman of the Association, Mr. Brown, stating that the club was watching Van derbilt. Just before the banquet R. E. Blake, a member of the Junior class, and one of the best players in the South, was elected cap tain for 1907, and at the close D. B. Blake, Jr., captain 1906, in the name of the team, presented to Coach Dan McGugin a beau tiful watch fob and charm as a token of their admiration for him as a coach and as a man. Treasurer's Report. The report of the treasurer at the meeting of the Board of Di rectors, December 17, gave some interesting facts in regard to the details of administration during the past football season. To the seven games played on Dudley Field 527 exchange tickets were given, of which 278 were presented by the players, 193 by city papers, and 38 were given for services, chiefly in selling tick ets. The number of tickets to the different games was as follows, not counting the season box tickets to the first five games: Ken tucky State, 811 ; Mississippi, 1,197; Alabama, 525; Texas, 1,592; Rose Polytechnic Institute, 429; Carlisle, 4,549; Sewanee, 4,554. Total, 13,657. Noticeable is the fact that Alabama did not draw half so well as Mississippi, and nearly four times as many came to see Texas as came to see Rose Polytechnic. This indicates that it is not financially wise to persuade a weak team to fulfill an engagement if it is not inclined to do so, nor to bring an un known team to Dudley Field. There was a heavy loss on the games with these two, so that the gains and losses were about balanced at the end of the first five games here. The Michigan, Carlisle, and Sewanee games were financially profitable; so that taken as a whole the receipts were unusually large. But with unusual receipts were unusual expenses. The running expenses of the games here, including guarantees, officials, police, advertising, and printing, amounted to $8,338.67, and the trips to Michigan and to Atlanta cost $1,122.85, making a total of $9,461.52. The outlay for the team itself was $3,522.65, 58 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. this including what was paid for coaches, equipment, training table, balls, and similar items. Other items which may be classed as general football expenses — for work on the field, lumber, tickets, etc. — amounted to $331.83. All these items amount to $13,316. Besides this, $941.05 went to settle the deficit of last spring. The Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association dues were $10, and a few other items raised the amount in this division of expenses to $981.30, making the total disbursements $14,297.30. But as the receipts from all sources were $3,000 more than this, the Association is very well satisfied with the results of the season. Meet1ng of Execut1ve Comm1ttee. At the meeting of the Executive Committee on the evening of December 17, H. E. Palmer, Jr., who was assistant manager the past year, was elected to succeed E. G. Thompson after his year of conscientious and efficient services for the Association. E. A. Cox, of Baldwyn, Miss., a member of the Sophomore class and graduate of McTyeire Institute, was chosen as assistant manager for the coming year. The "V" was conferred on G. A. Hall, and on all the players who took part in the Thanksgiving game, the new men on the list being W. T. McLain, E. T. Noel, and J. V. Blake. Annual Meet1ng of the S. I. A. A. The annual meeting of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association was held at Sewanee, Tenn., December 7, 1905, and representatives were present from twelve institutions : University of Alabama : Prof. E. A. Smith and Prof. G. W. Palmer. Alabama Polytechnic Institute : Prof. Thomas Bragg. Clemson College : Prof. W. M. Riggs. Georgia School of Technology : Pres. K. G. Mathison and Prof. W. N. Randle. University of Georgia: Prof. S. V. Sanford. Louisiana State University: Pres. T. D. Boyd. Mercer University : Prof. E. T. Holmes. University of Mississippi : Prof. A. L. Bondurant. University of the South : Vice Chancellor B. L. Wiggins and Mr. Stone. Trinity College : Prof, W. P. Few. University of Tennessee : Pres. Brown Ayres and Prof. C. W. Wait. Vanderbilt University : Prof. W. L. Dudley and Prof. R. B. Steele. University News. 59 The most important of the business transacted was the black listing of the North Carolina Agricultural and Mechanical, the acceptance of the resignation of the University of Florida and of Tulane University, and the adoption of the report of Vice Presi dent Riggs exonerating Louisiana State University from the charges made against it by Tulane University charging a use of money in securing players for Louisiana State University teams. Two important amendments to the constitution were presented. The first, advocated by Alabama, Auburn, Georgia, and Tennes see, requiring a one year's residence for all students before par ticipation in athletics, was defeated by a vote of 4 to 8. The dis cussion of this amendment barring freshmen from participation in athletic contests occupied the larger part of the first session in the University Library, nearly all the delegates taking part, and was listened to with close attention by a goodly gathering of Sewanee men interested in the outcome. The evening session was held at the residence of Vice Chancellor B. L. Wiggins, and a little business was combined with much pleasure. An amendment limiting participation in athletic contests to four years, instead of five as at present, was carried by a vote of 7 to 5. This rule will by its terms go into effect on January 1, 1908, and will exclude from further participation any who then or thereafter shall have played four full years. The question of the annual track meet was brought before the meeting, and after some discussion a committee of three^— R. B. Steele, A. L. Bondurant, and T. D. Boyd — was appointed to con sider ways and means for arousing interest in the meet, and to present their views to the different colleges in the Association. All the present officers were reelected : President — Dr. W. L. Dudley, Vanderbilt University. Vice President First District, North Carolina and South Carolina — Professor W. M. Riggs, Clemson College. Vice Presidi nt Second District, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida — Professor E. T. Holmes, Mercer University. Vice President Third District, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas— Presidtnt T. D. Boyd, Louisiana State University. Vice President Fourth District, Kentucky and Tennessee— Vice Chancellor B. L. Wiggins, University of the South. Secretary and Treasurer — Professor E. T. Holmes. After passing a vote of thanks to the University of the South 60 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. for its generous hospitality in entertaining the delegates, the meet ing adjourned to meet next year at Clemson College. After ad journment President W. L. Dudley spoke to the delegates and Sewanee men present of the work which had been accomplished by the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association for the main tenance of pure amateur athletics and the inculcation of proper athletic sentiments in colleges. Remarks were also made by some of the others on different phases of the athletic problem. Follow ing this refreshments were served, and this social hour was one of the most enjoyable parts of the very pleasant meeting on the mountain. The Intercolleg1ate Athlet1c Assoc1ation. The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States, which grew out of the conferences on football that were held in New York in the fall of 1905, held its first annual meeting at the Murray Hill Hotel in New York on December 29, 1906. Of thirty-eight collegiate institutions which are members, twenty- eight were represented by delegates, and ten other institutions interested in the movement had representatives present who par ticipated as visitors. Vanderbilt University was represented by Dr. W. L. Dudley, who was a member of the Executive Com mittee for 1906. The most important regular order of business was the report of the Football Rules Committee on the season just closing. Reviewing the work of the committee, its amalgamation with the old Rules Committee, the formation of the new rules, and the experience of the season under the rules, the Chairman, Dr. Harry L. Williams, of Minnesota, in his report, expressed the conviction that few changes in the rules for next season were advisable. This was also the general opinion of the delegates present. While complete union with the old Rules Committee has not yet been accomplished, hope was held out that it would be accomplished before long. Meanwhile the Rules Committee of the Association was directed to make such an arrangement as was made last year for cooperation with the old Rules Committee if it could be done; otherwise to act alone. Believing that con tinuity of membership is highly important to the success of this committee, all of the members of last year were reelected, except University News. 6\ that Dr. W. L. Dudley was made the representative of the southern section. The Subcommittee on Football Officials reported that it had met with some success in organizing boards of football officials in the Middle Atlantic and Middle Western States. Professor Louis Bevier, of Rutgers, a member of the Executive Committee, advocated the restriction of intercollegiate athletics, and on his motion the Association passed the following resolu tion: Resolved, That it is the sense of this convention, in the interests of the proper work of education, that the number of intercollegiate match games in all branches of sport should be strictly limited by faculty vote. That interclass games and intramural athletics in general should be fostered, to the end that a larger number of students may receive benefits, and that intercollegiate competition be rather an incident than the main end of college and university sports. Several matters were discussed on the floor until the sentiments of the delegates had been pretty generally expressed and then referred to the Executive Committee for action. Thus, the committee was directed to undertake to formulate a rule which would allow students reasonable liberty to play summer base ball at the same time that it eliminated disguised professionalism. It also seemed desirable to have the committee devise a method by which subsidiary organizations, such as the Southern Inter collegiate or the Conference of Nine Colleges, could be repre sented by delegates as well as individual institutions. The atten tion of the committee was also directed to the existence of a number of different codes of basket ball rules. It further seemed desirable to reduce the membership fee from twenty-five dollars to ten dollars, and this matter was referred. Representatives from the different districts reported on the experiences of the year. All showed progress and gave evidence that athletics are under better control than a year ago. The policy of the Association was the subject of a long and interesting discussion, the purport of which was the conviction, generally expressed, that the Association was founded on right principles and was organized wisely. There was also a general feeling that the membership could be and would be materially increased during the coming year. 62 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. The Association elected officers, Executive Committee, and Football Rules Committee as follows: President, Captain Palmer E. Pierce, United States Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. Vice President, Dr. H. L. Williams, University of Minnesota, Minne apolis, Minn. Secretary and Treasurer, Professor Louis Bevier, Jr., Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. Executive Committee (in addition to President and Secretary, ex offi cio) : Professor W. L. Dudley, Vanderbilt University; Director C. W. Hetherington, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. ; Professor C. E. St. John, Oberlin College; Professor H. D. Wild, Williams College. Football Rules Committee for 1907: Dr. James A. Babbitt, Haver- ford College; Lieutenant Charles D. Daly, United States Military Acad emy; Professor W. L. Dudley, Vanderbilt University; Mr. E. K. Hall, Dartmouth College ; Professor James T. Lees, University of Nebraska ; Mr. C. W. Savage, Oberlin College; Dr. H. L. Williams, University of Minnesota. The Football Rules Committee has since met in conjunction with the members of the old Rules Committee : Walter Camp, of Yale; W. T. Reid, of Harvard; J. B. Fine, of Prince ton ; L. M. Dennis, of Cornell ; John C. Bell, of Pennsylvania ; Paul J. Dashiell, of Annapolis ; and A. A. Stagg, of Chicago. Only a few changes were made, by practically unanimous con sent, and the rules were referred to the subcommittee on codifica tion, which will report later. THE STATE PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. The Tennessee Philological Association, of which Dr. G. L. Swiggett, of the University of the South, is Secretary, and of which Dr. Richard Jones, of Vanderbilt University, is President for the next year, held its second annual meeting at Vanderbilt University on the Friday following Thanksgiving Day. The meeting drew together quite a number of the school and college men who are accustomed to meet at the educational gatherings, and also as many more who are not so frequently seen on such occasions. The programme was entirely free from questions of pedagogy and school administration, and was devoted to questions of scholarship within the field of philology. It was therefore a meeting to interest the students and teachers of languages ; and University News. 63 in the discussion of such questions and in the good fellowship that was cultivated evidence was given that the Association was abundantly proving its right to exist. It appears that there is in the South no other organization of school and college men which has a place on its programme for papers of this character. The University of Tennessee, Grant University, the University of the South, Peabody College for Teachers, and Vanderbilt Uni versity were represented, as well as a number of schools. Mr. John Webb, Ph.D., of Bellbuckle, presided. The visitors were entertained at lunch at Kissam Hall, and in the evening were given a smoker at the University Club. EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS IN THE SOUTH. The First Annual Report of the President and Treasurer of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, dis cussing the geographical distribution of the fifty-two accepted in stitutions, says: With three exceptions, the whole list of institutions lies in the northern belt of States reaching, from the latitude of Maryland to the Canadian border, and extending across the continent. Outside of this limit there are but three institu tions which have a place on this list: One in the far South and two in Canada. It was inevitable that any choice of institutions which took account of educational standards or denominational limitations, and which excluded State institutions, should have some such result upon its first application. The older and richer sections of the country have institutions which are the result of long development. Their educational standards have for many years been supported by strong secondary schools, and in these sections the development away from denominational conditions has been most marked. On the other hand, throughout the South and certain parts of the West almost all private institutions of learning have been under denominational control; and particularly in the South very few institutions require of their students condi tions of admission such as are enforced in all colleges upon the "accepted list," or such as are required by the laws of the 64 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. State of New York. At the time when the Foundation was inaugurated, there were not more than two or three institu tions south of Mason and Dixon's line whose entrance re quirements approached this standard. Vanderbilt Univer sity requirements are up to the standard adopted. Tulane University has been admitted upon the ground of entrance requirements which are to go into force in 1907. The Randolph-Macon Woman's College has maintained entrance requirements which are quite equal to those in the best col leges for women in other sections of the country, but in very few instances have institutions in the South, even those of age and high standing, enforced entrance requirements which made any sharp distinction between the high school and the college. A comparison is then made of the requirements of admission in a number of institutions. The requirements as stated in the catalogues are reduced to "units." A unit is understood to be the amount of work that can be done in an academic year in a high school with a class reciting five periods weekly. On this basis the entrance requirements of Harvard figure out 15.7 units. Those of the University of Missouri, Leland Stanford, Johns Hopkins Universities, and Marietta College, 15 ; those of Colum bia University, Vassar College, Yale University, and Williams College, 14.5; and those of Vanderbilt University and several Northern and Western institutions, 14. Continuing the discussion of educational standards in all in stitutions — State, denominational, and non-denominational — alike, the Report says : All friends of education have sympathized with the con ditions which have existed in the Southern States for many years since the war, and with the enormous work which had to be done in bringing up education in that section to its present status. Splendid progress has been made, and it would seem that the time has now come when the stronger institutions could frankly adopt standards of entrance re quirements comparable with those in other parts of the country. Until the stronger and better-known institutions courageously adopt this policy, it would seem impossible to build up a system of high schools furnishing a good four University News. 65 year course. A good system of high schools and a college system with fair entrance requirements go together. Each is likely to wait upon the other and to feel the difficulties of the educational system when either tries to develop alone. Teachers in colleges say, quite truthfully, that the high schools do not furnish to them pupils fitted to sustain high entrance conditions. Principals of high schools complain, with equal truth, that they cannot keep students in the high schools when these are allowed to enter colleges and uni versities after the completion of half or three-quarters of their high school work. Nothing could be done in south ern education which would tend more successfully to clear the educational situation, to bring about sharper conceptions in the mind of the public as to what constitutes a high school and what constitutes a college, than the adoption by the stronger southern colleges and universities of moderate entrance requirements, such as those set up by the State of New York, and which have been adopted by the Trustees of this Foundation. The Trustees have not the slightest wish to interfere in any way with the free and wise devel opment of education in accordance with the needs of vary ing environments ; still less do they wish to impose any pro- crustean plan of standardization upon the colleges of the country. The last thing which they would desire is the forcing up of colleges which ought to be junior colleges or academies into a position in advance of the requirements of education and which cannot be maintained. They do be lieve, however, that some sort of unity can be brought into educational conceptions by a fair agreement as to the line which separates the college from the academy or the high school, and they are convinced that some such agreement must be reached before we may hope for any far-reaching advance in either our higher or our secondary institutions of learning. THE ANNUAL DECLAMATION CONTEST. Friday and Saturday, May 3 and 4, have been set apart for the meeting of the school men, the interscholastic declamation contest, and the interscholastic track meet. 5 66 Vanderbilt University ^jiarterly. The University-School Conference on Friday morning will have two related topics before it for discussion : Closer relationship between school and college, and closer relationship between school and school. The afternoon session will be under the direction of a committee appointed at the meeting of the Interscholastic Athletic Association to report on the manner and form of organ ization of a "Head-Masters' Association," R. G. Peoples, of Battle Ground Academy, being chairman, and Lacy L. Rice, of Castle Heights School, and E. E. Severy, of Severy School, be ing the other members. The number of contestants for the medal in declamation has become so large that in justice to participants and audience it has been deemed necessary to hold a preliminary contest begin ning at 9:30 o'clock in the morning for the selection of the best ten to appear in the public contest in the evening. Saturday morning will be given up as usual to the track meet on Dudley Field. UNIFORM ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS. The uniform entrance examinations established by the Asso ciation of Colleges and Schools of the Southern States will be held beginning with Tuesday, May 14, and extending to Satur day, May 18, inclusive. These examinations will be accepted by Vanderbilt University, and sets of questions will be sent on re quest to schoolmasters. Individual students may arrange to have them sent to some proper person, preferably the principal of the nearest school. The order and time of examination are as follows : Tuesday, May 14. History — Greek and Roman 8 a.m. to 11 a.m. History — English II a.m. to I P.M. Zoology 8 to 10 a.m. Botany 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. History — American 2 to 4 p.m. Physics 4 to 6 p.m. Wednesday, May 15. Greek I. — Grammar, Composition, Anabasis I.-IV 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. Greek II. — Grammar, Composition, Anabasis, Homer 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. German 2 to 6 p.m. University News. 67 Thursday, May 16. Algebra I. — To Quadratics 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. Algebra II. — Advanced 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. Geometry I. — Plane, Books I.-III 2 to 6 p.m. Geometry II. — Plane, Five Books 2 to 6 p.m. Geometry III. — Plane and Solid 2 to 6 p.m. Fr1day, May 17. Latin I. — Composition, Grammar, Csesar (Books I.-IV.), Cicero (Four Orations) 8 a.m. to 12 m. Latin II. — Cicero (Two Orations), Virgil (Books I.- VI.) 1 to 4 p.m. Chemistry 1 to 4 p.m. Physical Geography 4 to 6 p.m. Saturday, May 18. English 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. French 2 to 4 p.m. Physiology 4 to 6 p.m. NOTES. "A Reexamination of the Inscription of Artaxerxes on the Moldings of Columns from Ecbatana" is the title of a note by Dr. H. C. Tolman printed in the Proceedings of the American Phi lological Association for 1906. The portrait of Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt, by William Cooper. of Nashville, which was destroyed by the fire, has been replaced by a copy by Carroll Beckwith of the Flagg portrait of Mrs. Vanderbilt, which is in the possession of the Vanderbilt family. The Vanderbilt Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa celebrated the one hundred and thirtieth anniversary of the founding of the Society with a dinner at the Duncan on the evening of December 6. Two members of the class of '07 — Miss Rose Ambrose, who prepared for college at Fogg High School, and Samuel Larkin Fowlkes, who prepared at the Mooney School — were initiated into member ship. A life-size portrait of Bishop McTyeire, to replace the Flagg portrait which was destroyed in the fire, will be painted by Miss Ella S. Hergisheimer, of Allentown, Pa., who will spend some time in Nashville for the purpose. Miss Hergisheimer is the great-great-granddaughter of John Wilson Peale, who founded 68 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts. She has repeatedly won prizes at the institution founded by her distinguished ancestor, and has spent two years abroad on a traveling scholarship. She has exhibited at the Paris Salon for three years, and has done much work in portraiture. A devotional study, "Via Crucis," by Dr. H. C. Tolman, has just appeared from the press of the Young Churchman Company, of Milwaukee, Wis. It is based on notes and reflections recorded by Dr. Tolman in a diary of his journey two years ago through Palestine, in the course of which the places and scenes associated with the life of Jesus were visited. T. A. Street, M.A., LL.B. (University of Alabama), who was for two years (1900-02) Adjunct Professor in the Law Depart ment, has prepared for the Edward Thompson Company, Law Publishers, of Northport, N. Y., a work on "The Foundations of Legal Liability," in three volumes, on "Torts," "Contracts," and "Actions," respectively. It is described as a "great work on first principles," and "entirely out of the run of ordinary law books. Though it deals with fundamental questions, the work is in no sense a rudimentary one. It is written throughout from the stand point of the student of legal history, legal evolution, and legal theory. ... A characteristic of this work is that it is based on first-hand study of original authorities. In seeking for the germs of our legal conceptions no second-hand testimony has been ac cepted. There are many hundred citations of the Yearbooks and early legal writers, and these citations represent an amount of careful research and labor in detail which is seldom put into any book of this sort. But the ideas presented throughout are im pressively modern. No subject has been dismissed until the latest words of the courts have been weighed and appraised." Sc1ent1f1c Soc1ety Meet1ngs. During the Christmas holidays the annual meetings of the various learned societies attracted several members of the faculty as usual. Dr. D. R. Stubblefield, Dean of the Dentistry Depart ment, attended, in Chicago, the meeting of the Institute of Dental Pedagogics, delivering the presidential address, which is printed elsewhere in this number of the Quarterly. Dr. D. M. Cattell read a paper on the "Development of Operative Technic" as a University Hews. 69 part of the curriculum, and illustrated it with a very interesting exhibit of the work of thirty selected Vanderbilt students. The work in the laboratory under the direction of Dr. Cattell extends through all of the first and through a part of the second year of the course. The students are taught to do histological work (including the making of slides), free-hand drawing, the making (out of hard brass) of a set of working instruments in order to learn the differences in form and use, the dissection of teeth, tooth carving and filling, and prosthesis, or the making and mounting of false teeth. As the specimens are completed they are mounted in a box and kept until the student graduates. Then they are returned to him as a memento of his laboratory experience. The collection which Dr. Cattell exhibited included ten of the best sets in the possession of the University now, ten of medium merit, and ten of the poorest which were accepted as within the minimum limit. The difference between the best and the poorest, while very noticeable to the trained eye and careful observer, was not such as to attract the attention of the less careful observer. This fact, which was commented on in discussion, was used to show how practicable it is to bring the whole of an average class up to a high state of proficiency by laboratory practice. Dr. B. E. Young attended the meeting of the Western Section of the Modern Language Association in Chicago. Dr. Dudley attended the meeting of the Chemical Society and the Chemical Section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in New York City. Dr. Moore went to Providence to attend the meetings of the American Historical and American Economic Associations. Mr. Dyer spent the holidays in Vir ginia, giving a public lecture at Lynchburg. The Open Church for the Unchurched. By James E. McCulloch. 1906. Nashville : Publishing House of the M. E. Church, South, Smith & Lamar, Agents. Great changes have taken place in urban life in the last fifty years. The perplexities of industrial and social problems have strikingly modified the mental horizon of city dwellers, and this new situation has made necessary new methods of Church work. The adaptation of Christian effort to the changed conditions is one of the most serious problems facing the present age. No 70 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. where have the modes of activity been more thoroughly suited to the situation than by the Wesleyans in London. Hence an analysis of their organizations must be full of suggestiveness to other Churches. Mr. McCulloch spent several months in London and other Wesleyan centers in England preparing his book, which is an outline of the growth of the forward movement in general, a detailed account of four London centers in each of which differ ent methods prevail, and finally an analysis of the principles of the movement in order to apply them to American conditions. We are familiar with a number of books on this subject, but none which gives quite the practical insight afforded by this essay, for the reason that none combine a detailed and practical account of activities with a statement of the growth of the movement, so that a complete view is obtained. Methods such as those described by Mr. McCulloch are valuable because they represent an immediate and pliable adaptation to local facts. Students of Church methods must have more than mere theory ; they require facts such as have been proved by other experi menters as material upon which to build; but, since all these efforts must first of all be characterized by adaptation to local peculiarities, it is even more necessary to understand the prin ciples upon which these systems are based. Hence the outline of the original situation and the development of the organization in its process of fitting itself to the facts becomes absolutely requisite. Mr. McCulloch has succeeded in making a thoroughly readable book, and at the same time furnished a clear statement of the origin and growth of the forward movement so far as it affected city methods of Church work, together with a careful account and explanation of methods employed. It is a thor ough piece of work. The most apparent criticisms are that there is too much repetition in places, and that the social condi tions which gave rise to the movement have not been analyzed with sufficient care. The account of them is in danger of being superficial and the reasons for the success of certain methods are not brought out as they might have been. Thus the practical value of the book to a worker might have been increased. Mr. McCulloch has, however, produced a timely and a valuable con tribution to the handbooks of Church methods. University News. 71 ALUMNI NOTES. '79-83 E — Josephus Conn Guild died on February 25, 1907, at his home, in Chattanooga, Tenn. He was born at Gallatin, Janua ry 4, 1862, being a son of Maj. George B. Guild and Georgia Thompson Guild, and a grandson of the noted Chancellor Jose phus Conn Guild. He completed a course in mining and engineer ing at Vanderbilt in 1883, with a good deal of distinction. He was then appointed Assistant State Geologist and Inspector of Mines for Tennessee. In 1885 he settled permanently at Chattanooga, and was markedly successful as a contracting engineer. He was connected with nearly all the important mining and engineering undertakings of the Chattanooga district. Among other things, he constructed the remarkable Lookout Mountain Incline. He may be said to have made a specialty of municipal waterworks and sewer systems, for he installed many in all parts of the South. It was J. C. Guild whose engineering skill conceived the plan of building the great water power plant upon the Tennessee River at Hales Bar, near Chattanooga. Together with C. E. James he promoted this huge enterprise, and the dam is now in process of construction. In the midst of this exacting work Mr. Guild was suddenly stricken with a serious illness which rapidly passed to a fatal conclusion. His death brought confusion to the enterprise and dismay to his fellow-citizens. He was a man of extraordinary capacity for work, holding many prominent positions besides those connected with his profession. He was Vice President of the American National Bank of Chattanooga, Vice President of the Lookout Planing Mills, a director of the Chickamauga Knit ting Mills, and a stockholder in many other companies. He was a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, and of several other societies. On December 12, 1886, he was married to Miss Mary Orr, of Nashville, Tenn. Their only child, J. C. Guild, Jr., is now a student in the University of Virginia. Mr. Guild was buried at Nashville, on February 27, in the family burying ground at Mount Olivet Cemetery. Vanderbilt men prominent in State politics are: Gov. M. R. Patterson, '79-'81A., formerly representative in the United States House of Representatives from the Memphis District; A. G. Ewing, Jr., LL.B. '91, of Nashville, senator for the second term; 72 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. John F. Morrison, B.A. '89, LL.B. '90, Waynesboro, Tenn., Sen ator from the Twenty-Second District; J. T. Cunningham, Jr., LL.B. '99, of Clarksville, Speaker of the Lower House; C. A. Stainback, LL.B. '01, of Somerville, who is serving his third term; John Randolph Neal, M.A., LL.B., of Spring City, Rhea County; W. B. Marr, LL.B. '99, representative from Davidson County; H. T. Holman, '98- '02 A. and L., of Fayetteville, repre sentative from Lincoln County; D. B. Puryear, LL.B., of Galla tin, Sumner County; and H. H. Lane, '93-'95A., of Franklin, representative from Williamson County. '80-81 A. — Rev. C. W. Byrd, who has hitherto been in the Western North Carolina, Louisville, and Georgia Conferences, where he has gained distinction as a preacher, has been trans ferred to the Tennessee Conference and appointed pastor of West End Church. '82 — J. C. McReynolds, B.S., LL.B. (University of Virginia), has resigned his position as assistant attorney-general of the United States in Washington and has located in New York, where he is engaged as special counsel for the government in the tobacco trust cases under the interstate commerce and antitrust laws. '85 — Rev. W. H. Cotton, B.A., died of pneumonia, after a short illness, on February 6, 1907, at his home, in Waverly Place, Nash ville, where he has been living for two years as pastor of the Waverly Place Methodist Church. Mr. Cotton was born in En gland in 1856 and came to this country at the age of nineteen with his parents. He entered the University in the fall of 1882, and won the Founder's Medal in oratory in 1884, graduating a year later. Since 1885 he has been a member of the Tennessee Conference, and has held prominent appointments as pastor in Murfreesboro, Pulaski, and West End, Nashville, and as presid ing elder in the Murfreesboro and Fayetteville Districts. He married Miss Fannie Williams, of Davidson County, who, with three sons and a daughter, survives him. '86— W. G. Kirkpatrick, B.E. (C.E. '87, B.S., M.S. '89), has been recently appointed with Rudolph Herring, of New York, by the city of New Orleans as consulting engineer to inspect the new sewerage system which that city is constructing. University News. 73 '99-'o1 — Joseph Bailey Campbell, of Fort Smith, Ark., was married on December 27, 1906, to Miss Katherine, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bigelow Phelps, of Callender, Williamson County, Tenn. Mr. Campbell is now teaching in the Fort Smith High School. '99— Prof. D. D. Wallace, Ph.D., of Wofford College, has written a text-book on "Civil Government of South Carolina and the United States," which has been selected by the South Car olina Board of Education as the text-book on civil government for the schools of the State. '00- '01 L. — Jacob F. Hipsh, formerly of Fayetteville, Tenn., died in San Diego, Cal., September 11, 1906, aged twenty-six years. '00 — Richard Davis Smart, B.A., M.A. ('03), who is a teacher in Soochow University, the mission school of the Methodist Epis copal Church, South, at Soochow, China, was married on Jan uary 29, 1907, to Miss Mabel Winter, daughter of Rev. and Mrs. J. C. Davison, at Nagasaki, Japan. '01 — Walter H. Simmons, B.S. (M.D. '03), of Fordyce, Ark., was married on July 3, 1906, to Miss Lydia A., daughter of Hon. R. T. Cook, of Hot Springs, Ark. '01 -'06 — E. W. Warner is with the Walsh & Weidner Boiler Company, of Chattanooga, Tenn. '01 — John Paschall, B.A., city editor of the Atlanta Journal, was married on December 27, 1906, to Miss Jessie Mai, daughter of Mrs. James Grizzard Aydelott, of Tullahoma, Tenn. '02- '06 A and L — Gardner Lipscomb is a traveling salesman in the employ of the Walsh & Weidner Boiler Company, of Chatta nooga, Tenn. '02 — John William Farley, LL.B., entered the Columbian Uni versity the next year after his graduation. From this institution he received the degrees of Master of Laws and Master of Diplo macy, and, in June, 1906, the degree of Doctor of Civil Laws from the George Washington (formerly Columbian) University. While residing in Washington, D. C, he was appointed to the position of law clerk in the United States Pension Bureau, and was later connected with the Bureau of Corporations. He is practicing law in Memphis, Tenn. ja$. 6. Caldwell $ $011 FIRE INSURANCE NO. 1 ARCADE NASHVILLE Mrs, Lulu B, Epperson IJVSVRAJVCE 614^614^ First National Bank Building NASHVILLE TENN. i■.&ii WW.-,;, ^FOUNTAIN PENS= Every pen guaranteed to work satisfactorily. All points made of the best 14-karat gold. The barrel is of either black or mottled hard rubber. Each pen is accompanied by a filler and packed in a box. Order by the number, stating whether you want a coarse, medium, or fine point. EAGLE FOUNTAIN PEN. No. 14 $1 00 "SWAN" FOUNTAIN PENS. No. 3001. Medium-size barrel and point 2 25 No. 4032. Large barrel and point 3 50 No. 5032, Extra large barrel and point 5 00 WATERMAN'S "IDEAL" FOUNTAIN PENS. No. 12. Medium-size barrel and point 2 50 No. 13. A size larger than No. 12 3 SO No. 14. A size larger than No. 13 4 00 No. 15. Large barrel and point 5 00 No. 16. Extra large barrel and point 6 00 SELF-FILLING FOUNTAIN PENS. Ranging in price from $1.50 to $7.50. Smith $ Eamar nasbville, Cctincssce Dallas, Ctxaf THOMAS H. MALONE, M.A. Vanderb1lt Un1vers1ty Quarterly A. Record of University Life and Work Vol. VII APRIL, 1907 No. 2 Contents PAGE Thomas H. Malone, M.A...... 77 D1rectory of Law Graduates .... 109 D1rectory of the Department of Pharmacy 126 Ob1tuar1es . 138 Alumn1 Notes ...... 141 The Vanderbilt University Quarterly is published by Vanderbilt Unioersity, and is the Official Organ of the same. Subscription price, fifty cents; single copy, twenty* five cents. For adoertising rates, address the Business Manager. Entered M second-claw matter at NashrlUe, Tenn. General Publication Committee J. H. Kirkland, Chancellor of Vanderbilt University, Chairman Freder1ck W. Moore, Dean of Academic Faculty W. H. Schuerman, Dean of Engineering Faculty W. F. T1llett, Dean of Theological Faculty Horace H. Lurton, Dean of Law Faculty W. L. Dudley, Dean of Medical Faculty J. T. McG1ll, Dean of Pharmaceutical Faculty D. R. Stubblef1eld, Dean of Dental Faculty • John H. DeW1tt, of Alumni Association Charles C. Trabue, of Alumni Association Edw1n W1ley, of Graduate Club A. G. Adams, Jr., Representative of Student Body Freder1ck W. Moore, Editor in Chief J. E. Hart, Business Manager. Vanderbilt Un1vers1ty Quarterly A Record of University Life and Work Vol. VII APRIL. 1907 No. > THOMAS H. MALONE, M.A. As one who has long dwelt upon the margin of a noble river, finding himself at length in the leisure of after years among its sources, traces with eager interest here the sparkling rivu let, there the quiet brook, and here again the bold mountain stream that constitute its beginnings; so one who has long watched the flowing of a noble life, enlarging with the years, enriching the times that border it — when at last that life has flowed into the great silent sea — turns with tender eye to trace its far-away beginnings and its course. Thomas Henry Malone, scholar, jurist, gentleman, the fa ther and founder, under its Board of Trustees, of the School of Law of Vanderbilt University, and its Dean for a period of nearly thirty years, extending from its organization in 1875 to the date of his resignation in June, 1904, little more than two years before his death, was born on June 3, 1834, near the town of Athens, in the county of Limestone, Ala bama. The Tennessee, turning for a time from the bosom of its mother State and winding like a horn of plenty through the upper parts of Alabama, renders famous the valley to which it gives its name and its fertility. This rich valley early attract ed the eye of well-to-do Virginians, and early in the last cen 78 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. tury they began to make settlements there, and the end of the first half of the century found the valley of the Tennessee from Florence to Huntsville famed for the high breeding, wealth, and culture of its ruling population. Thomas Chappell Malone, the grandfather of Thomas H. Malone, in the year 1818, being then resident in the county of Sussex in Virginia, removed to the valley of the Tennessee, settling at first in Madison County, and subsequently in Lime stone County, Ala., where he remained until his death, many of his kindred of the name accompanying him; so that when the late Rev. Doctor McFerrin, of blessed memory, came long afterwards to write of this region he said, having regard to the quality, as well as the number of those of that time, "this country was blessed with a whole legion of Malones." A graphic and spirited picture of the Malones as they were in Virginia comes to us in a pleasant way from the late Sen ator John T. Mason, of Virginia. It was on this wise : Thomas H. Malone, while a student at the University of Virginia in the fifties, was invited to meet some distinguished guests at the home of his own and his father's friend, Pro fessor John B. Minor, among them being Senator Mason. The Senator being struck by the name of the young student, and having by inquiries put to him brought out the fact that the young man was the grandson of Thomas Chappell Malone, said: "Now, Mr. Malone, I know very much more of your family than you possibly can know. Shall I give you in two words the character of your people?" And then, the young student having signified that he would be glad to hear him, he continued : "Well, then, I and my fathers have known them for generations. I never knew one who was rich; I never knew one that was poor; I never knew one that was a genius; I never knew one that was a fool ; I never knew one that would tell a lie or that would steal or that was afraid of the devil if he came with his horns on." A brave, strong, sturdy, high- minded stock, evidently. Thomas Chappell Malone married his first cousin, Mary Thomas H. Malonc, M.A . 79 Chappell, who was of Huguenot extraction; and his son, James Chappell Malone, the father of the subject of these memoirs, thus received a double infusion of that blood which for centuries has demonstrated its wonderful prepotency in that intenseness which with marked uniformity characterizes its inheritors wherever it has flowed. Following the paternal line one step farther back, we find that the great-grandmother of Thomas H. Malone was Eliz abeth Tucker, a niece of the distinguished philanthropist, Mr. Wood Tucker, of Sussex County, Va., and a member of the great Tucker family of Virginia, a name that even down to our own times reflects honor upon a State that it is an honor to have been born in. Turning now to the maternal ancestry of Thomas H. Ma lone, we find that his mother, Eliza Frances Hardiman Bin- ford, was the daughter of John Mosby Binford, of North ampton County, N. C, a man long prominent in public life in that State, and Frances Littleberry Hardiman. The original Binfords were Quakers, people of great wealth and culture, who settled in the counties of Charles City and New Kent, Va., whence the ancestors of John M. Binford subsequently removed to North Carolina. Frances Littleberry Hardiman, the grandmother of Thomas H. Malone, and in whose veins flowed the blood of some of the highest of the Virginia aristocracy, was a daughter of Little berry Hardiman, of Westover Parish, Charles City, Va., and Susana Lightfoot, whose father was a grandson of that Colo nel Lightfoot who was a member of the King's Council, and one of the wealthiest men in Virginia of his day. Littleberry Hardiman was one of the justices of Charles City County in I753. and a noted breeder and importer of thoroughbred horses. The winning of the Williamsburgh stake by his great horse, Mark Antony, in 1769 lingered in tradition among the old family slaves to a time within the memory of the subject of these memoirs himself. Col. John Hardiman, the grandfather of Littleberry, and the first of the name in Vir 80 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. ginia, was a member of the Council. The wife of Col. John Hardiman was Mary Eppes, the granddaughter of Lieut. Francis Eppes, the founder of the distinguished family of that name in Virginia, who came over at some time prior to the year 1625, bringing three sons and thirty servants, and who was first a member of the House of Burgesses and later a member of the Council in 1652. Whether or not it be altogether true, as held by some learned in the science of anthropology, that the strength of a race is measured by the amount of its complexity, it seems beyond question to be a fact that the mingling of good bloods means, as a rule, the dilution of none, but rather the strength ening of all ; and what is true of the race is of course true of the individual. Happy indeed was the composite resultant that came from the mingling, in the veins of the subject of these memoirs, of English blood (itself already highly composite) from high Virginian strains; French Huguenot, which after three centuries, still, by the depth and intenseness of nature it imparts, italicizes, as it were, the lives of its inheritors; and the Irish, which, if it had no racial destiny of its own to accomplish, could well find a raison d'etre in the rich flavor it gives to what soever blood it enters. James Chappell Malone the father, who, as we have seen, was the son of Thomas Chappell Malone and Mary Chappell, was born in Sussex County, Va., about twenty miles from Petersburgh, in the year 1800, whence he removed with his father to the valley of the Tennessee, in Alabama, in 18 18. He married Eliza Frances Hardiman Binford, already men tioned, in whom was exemplified to a marked degree that sweet, gentle repose of manner which characterized the well- bred southern woman of the old regime. He was a man of mark both intellectually and physically, and withal had such strength of moral and religious fiber — doubtless the heritage of his Huguenot blood — that the allurements neither of social prestige nor of wealth nor of leisure could swerve him from a life of deep personal piety. The following incident will Thomas H. Malone, M.A . 81 serve to give a better picture of him than words could con vey: Major Falconnett, himself a man of fine acquirements, foreign-born, of distinguished German ancestry, who used to be much at "Secluseval," the Malone home, called him "the Old Duke" because, as he said, he had seen no man in America with such a stately, courtly bearing. When not more than forty-one or two years of age, having already through his enterprise and skill added sufficiently to his own patrimony and the portion received through his wife to secure to him an ample competency, he purchased a tract of some thousand acres of land within a mile of the town of Athens, Ala., and within easy reach of his plantations, chosen with reference to its situation rather than its fertility. On it he erected a typical southern mansion, attractive alike in the generous amplitude of its space and the beauty of its architec ture, and committing his plantations to the care of overseers (visiting each of them nearly every week), he devoted him self to the beautifying and care of his home, his orchards, etc., to the enjoyment of books and the chase, the rearing and training of his children, and to that dignified leisure that sat so well upon the southern planter of the olden time. To his home he gave the name Secluseval. A friend of the writer, born and reared at Athens, who himself bears one of the hon ored names of that day, writing of Judge Malone, thus speaks of Secluseval as it was in the days before the Civil War: "The typical roomy, elegant home of his then wealthy, aris tocratic parents was noted for its lavish, genuine, but unos tentatious, hospitality. It was one of some half score homes in or very near Athens, noted for the honesty of purpose, re finement, culture, and learning of the indvvellers; the homes of the Colemans, Vassers, Richardsons, Malones, Feather- stones, Lockharts, and a few others." Not only was the family at home thus in the midst of cul tured and refined homes, but, in accordance with the prevailing custom at the South in those days, they would every year in the summer make extended visits to kinspeople in other like com 82 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. munities ; some of them quite aristocratic ones, where, taking horses and carriages and wagons with their servants, eta, they would spend four or six weeks in visiting from home to home, the visits to be returned in like manner in the autumn or winter. Moreover, they kept in touch with their kindred and friends in Virginia by the occasional interchange of visits, and through an occasional visit by some member of the family to the White Sulphur Springs of Virginia — that magic foun tain whose waters have the peculiar property of enriching Virginian blood, while making other blood feel, at least, thinner! Thus they kept their hearts warm, expanded and enriched their minds, and cultivated the manners that give that indescribable charm to the well-bred southerner. This ideally charming home life at Secluseval, Thomas H. Malone enjoyed from the time he was eight years old. He had, in the first place, been born into the very midst of the family, being the fifth of nine children, and was thus, so to speak, sur rounded by affection. To the love of his mother there was added the love of the black mammy, "Rinda" (her name is given because her love for him entitles her name to be placed beside his own), barely less strong than it; and he devoured with delight, from the lips of the big, black "foreman," "Ber ry," those stories that Uncle Remus long after gathered from the rich store of negro folklore. He had learned to ride a horse at a time beyond the reach of his recollection and at ten was an expert shot with the rifle; and, when a mere boy, able to bring down his first deer with a long rifle from the back of a thoroughbred, and that, too, after having to remove a bad cap and replace it with a good one, without losing his head in the operation. He thus had everything to make his life happy. But there were some things to make him unhappy, too, and there were clouds that, had they not been happily rifted or dispelled, might have brought blight with their shadows. One source of his boyish troubles lay in his religious environment. Not only was his father a very religious man, a Methodist — the Thomas H. Malone, M.A . 83 prevailing faith in that region ( though he had married a lady who was Episcopalian by birth if not by actual church mem bership), but the community itself was an intensely religious one. Very strict notions prevailed concerning the observance of Sunday, etc. He was himself rigidly orthodox in faith touching such things; and from this, indeed, his troubles arose, for the very orthodoxy of his belief intensified in his mind the gravity of his obliquity in practice. But this is best told by himself in the charming memoirs prepared by him for his children and grandchildren. He says : "I believe that most of the leading families in the Tennessee Valley were at that time Methodists. A few were Presbyterians and still fewer were Episcopalians. It was an awfully religious com munity, and, however they might differ in other things, they all believed that Jews, Roman Catholics, and Unitarians, to gether with all boys who failed to go to church or who played on the 'Sabbath,' as they called it, were headed straight for hell. I myself believed this with my whole soul; and as I hated to go to church and would always steal out and go rab bit hunting or gather nuts on Sunday, I at a very early day came to the conclusion that I was certainly elected to be damned. It was curious that having such views, and with occasional desperate forebodings, I still went ahead. . . . I don't think, in fact, that I was any worse than my sons — except that I constantly and consciously did things for which I was sure that the devil would get me." Preachers of that day more than this, perhaps, fell, broadly speaking, into two classes : those whose ruling passion was the love of God, and those in whom the motive power was hatred of the devil — both good in their way doubtless, but the first got nearest the boy's heart. Two of these, the late Dr. A. L. P. Green and that saintly bundle of eccentricities, the Rev. Elisha Carr, whom everybody knew and loved as "Broth er Carr," he very greatly loved. Another source of unhappiness with him was his extreme aversion to going to school. He was brimful of life and 84 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. animal spirit and showed unusual capacity from an early age, but his energies were expended in mischief and fun, and he studied just hard enough to keep himself above the whipping line. At length, when he was about twelve or thirteen, his father's strong will came to the rescue and held him in the right path until he had the good fortune to fall into the hands of a teacher who, being not only very learned but also a very strong character, soon so inspired him at once with a love of learning and contempt for unthoroughness that his feet, there after obeying his own will, took hold upon the path of duty and never again faltered on the way to learning and success. His father's part was through an interview in the "solemn parlor" at the end of a school term, to give him to under stand that, instead of a vacation with friends and "Lewis and Scott" (faithful servants who were the special guardians of the boys) and the hounds at home and the rounds of visits away, he should, on account of his poor record at school, spend the entire summer at labor with the negroes in the field ; and this he did, going out at daylight and returning at night, taking his dinner in the field. At the end of the summer his father told him that if he should at the end of the next term lead his class, as his teacher had said his capacity would easily enable him to do, he would do his best to give him a fine vacation the next year; but that if he permitted anybody to beat him in his class he should not only be sent to the fields again for the next summer but receive a thrashing besides. There was no more trouble about class standing, or good times in vacation. But the great turning point in his school life was, as above intimated, when he came under the rule of a Mr. Mendum, a teacher to whom he was sent when thirteen. Of him Judge Malone says : "When I was about thirteen years of age, by good fortune I fell into the hands of a Mr. Men dum. Mr. Mendum was a school-teacher, a stern, hard man, utterly fearless and with no great sympathy with the troubles of boys. He was famous for severe whippings, and his school was the resort of most of the hard cases in the county. He Thomas H. Malone, M.A. 85 was, however, a man of great learning, of an exceedingly powerful mind, sharp, incisive, clear, and yet broad. For a while I stood in great terror of him and worked fearfully. I had been with him for two or three months when he an nounced, as school was about to be closed for the day, 'Thom as, you will remain!' I kept my seat in fear and trembling, trying my best to remember which one of my probable es capades might have come to his memory; I was quite sure I had not been derelict in my studies. When the others were gone he said: 'You have been a very good boy, sir. Your classmates have been holding you back. Your Cousin Sarah [Mrs. Mendum] has requested me to put you in a class by yourself. I shall hear your recitations at recess and you may sit in the house or out as you choose.' "Well, after that, I was a good boy, and I was the leader of the school until I went away to college. Mr. Mendum taught me French and Latin so thoroughly that in my old age I am almost as familiar with these languages as with English. He taught me how to work and to feel a contempt for every thing that was not absolutely thorough. I think that I owe to him the fact that I improved the opportunities which were afterwards given to me to get a thorough education, and I am quite sure that I owe it to him alone that I was able to secure the Master's Degree at the University of Virginia at a time when it was said that no one had ever been able to do so except one who had been educated at the Coleman School or some other one of the great Virginia preparatory schools." After two years spent with Mr. Mendum the latter, one day near the close of the term (and at a time that seemed sus piciously near to a recent fight between young Malone and another boy), suddenly stopped walking the floor of the school room and said: "Thomas, I want to say to you that you are the best scholar I ever taught, and I am going to make your father send you to college. You have been with me long enough." So at the age of fifteen, when he had already read more Latin than was required for the whole course, and as 86 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. much Greek as was required up to the senior course (the foundation in Greek, as in Latin, had been laid for him by a learned Scotchman, even before his days with Mr. Men- dum), he entered LaGrange College (Alabama), where the first year he made the maximum grade in every recitation heard. He returned the next year, but, his course being in terrupted about the close of the first term by a serious illness that threatened his life, he returned home upon his conva lescence and in March, 185 1, thereafter, was sent to the Uni versity of Virginia at his own request. Thus when not quite seventeen Thomas H. Malone found himself upon the thresh old of that great seat of learning with the purpose of striv ing for the Master's Degree, its highest honor. He brought a letter from his father to Dr. John B. Minor, one of its pro fessors, his warm personal friend, who received him with open arms and whose house was henceforth a home to him, though he boarded elsewhere. The result of the first half year's work (he entered in March) was somewhat disappointing. He offered for graduation in chemistry and Latin; in the former he passed, but to that very worthy man and learned scholar, Dr. Gessner Harrison, professor of Latin, gradua tion in his school after only three months' work, and without having studied his grammar, was a thing not to be thought of, and so, while admitting that the candidate had a much greater and more thorough knowledge of Latin than anybody else in the class, he "threw" him. The next year he offered suc cessfully in Latin, moral philosophy, and natural philosophy. The succeeding year, 1852-53, he was attacked by typhoid fever in June and was unable to take the examinations of that year. This threw upon him very heavy work, including re view examinations, in his final year; but he completed all of the prescribed schools and passed all review examinations and received the degree of Master of Arts in June of 1854, though he suffered a serious breakdown in health afterwards, from which he was some months in rallying. An amusing incident connected with his final examination Thomas H. Malone, M.A . 87 in modern languages that year arose from his handing in his examination papers in somewhat less than two hours on an examination that usually required four. Prof. Scheie De- Vere, the professor in that school, and his particular friend, interpreted his early handing in his papers to mean failure and, knowing that failure meant the loss of the Master's De gree, sought him frantically and called him back, hoping to induce him to try again. When he was made satisfied through hurried questions, much to his pleasure though somewhat to his amazement, that all of his questions had been fully an swered, he seized both of his young friend's hands and gave him his hearty congratulations. The Master's Degree meant much, but it was far from in cluding all that was meant by the time thus spent at the University and elsewhere in the State of Virginia. For the intercourse this afforded with men and women of birth, cul ture, and learning, both at the University and at the homes of friends visited during vacations, was a liberal education in itself. As already stated, the home of Professor Minor was a home for him. He was expected to join that family at table every Sunday for his meals and was in addition invited there at other times; sometimes to meet distinguished guests, as, for example, the great Matthew Fontaine Maury and his daughters, with whom he spent a week at the Minor home, when he had the rare privilege of listening to the learned yet charming talk of that Savant about the Sea. At another time an invitation to spend the Christmas holidays at the elegant country home of Judge Alexander Rives, brother of the Hon. William C. Rives, ex-minister to France, brought him in contact not only with the members of that elegant household, but with the ex-minister and his wife and their daughter, Miss Amelie, who, born in France and bearing the name of the French Queen who had stood godmother to her and had given her her own name, had that ease and grace and charm of manner which only a residence in Paris could 88 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. give, and which it is a rare privilege for a young man to see. Again visits to university friends introduced him to the homes of the Nelsons, Pages, Berkeleys, Minors, Boilings, and oth ers whose names are a part of Virginia. Among his closest friends at the University were Charles M. Fenner and Howell E. Jackson; they, together with Charles M. Blackford and himself, constituting, indeed, "The Inseparable Quartette" as long as the four remained at the University. Of these, Mr. Fenner afterwards sat upon the Supreme Bench of Louisiana, and is still one of the most, if not the most, distinguished lawyers of that State; Mr. Jack son, as is well known, was elevated to the Supreme Bench of the United States. Of those added later to the list of inti mate friends were Edward S. Joynes, Alexander L. Nelson, Francis H. Smith, and Crawford Howell Toy, the latter a very distinguished Oriental scholar and long the professor of Semitic languages at Harvard University ; and all have borne conspicuous and honorable parts as professors. The writer has the very great pleasure to give here the valued contributions that follow, from Professor Toy and Judge Fenner. A request (made upon the suggestion of his kinsman and friend, M. B. Howell, Esq., of this city) has brought the fol lowing charming recollections from Professor Toy: At the University of Virginia Thomas Malone and I had rooms near together on the West Lawn from October, 1853, to June, 1856 [sic], and I saw much of him. With us, Segar, [M. B.] Howell, Bouldin, Roberts, and a few others, were closely associated, and our talks, in college fashion, traversed the whole field of literature and life. He was a ready talker, full of matter, with great power of expression, and with a hearty, often enthusiastic, or intense manner that fixed the attention and gave charm to what he said. College taste was beginning to leave Scott's poetry, and Malone defended Scott vigorously — his own temperament was in sympathy with the poet's Thomas H. Malone, M.A . 89 manly and open-air tone. He had a natural gaiety that was infectious; his hearty laugh often rang out in our cloisterlike arcade, and occasionally he would go out and give a view halloo that awoke the echoes of the lawn. He stood for all that was fresh and straightforward and spontaneous. I remember that once when Dr. McGuffey, the professor of philoso phy, had a meeting of a few students in his lecture room for the discussion of some subject, Malone, as the debate was about to begin, exclaimed, "Lay on, Macduff, and damned be he who first cries hold ! enough !" a quotation that he made in all innocence, not thinking of a personal application to the pro fessor. Dr. McGuffey, however, did not smile. Malone was a faithful and successful student with a large intelligence and wide literary sympathies. He had great social gifts and was a welcome visitor in many families in the University circle and in Charlottesville. I never heard a bitter word from him. He had positive opinions and was the out spoken enemy of all things mean and unbecoming a gentleman; but he had charity for the errors and follies of college life. For his friends he was "Tom Malone," always affectionately remembered for his genial nature and honored for his intellectual and moral qualities. I saw him only once after we left college, and then only for a few moments. Crawford Howell Toy. Harvard University. Judge Fenner, of New Orleans, thus charmingly writes of his long-time friend: One of the most delightful associations of my life was my lifelong friendship with Thomas H. Ma lone. Our intimacy began at the University of Vir ginia, considerably more than a half century ago. The death of Judge Malone leaves me the sole sur vivor of a quartette of youths who were thrown to gether at the University and there formed relations of almost romantic friendship with each other, which lasted unbroken throughout their lives. The four were Howell E. Jackson, of Tennessee; Thomas H. 90 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Malone, of Alabama; Charles M. Blackford, of Vir ginia; and myself, from Louisiana. They became roommates and occupied communicating rooms on the Western Lawn. They christened their den with the fantastic name of "The Realm of Realities Real ized," by which designation it was known and laughed over by their fellow-students. While active in the social life of the University and not averse to participation in most of the fun and mischief which went on, I must say that they were all earnest and ambitious students and won diplomas in all the branches in which they entered. The most brilliant scholastic success was that of Malone, who won the degree of "Master of Arts of the Univer sity of Virginia," then justly regarded as the high est and most difficult scholastic degree in America, so difficult indeed that a very limited number of students ever attempted or achieved it. On coming to the bar, Thomas H. Malone located in Nashville, Tenn., where his entire professional life was passed. His professional qualifications and career are known to all Tennesseans and need no commentary at my hands. He devoted his attention mainly to chancery practice ; and in response to many inquiries I have made of persons competent to judge, I never encountered a dissent from the opinion that he was one of the profoundest equity lawyers the State of Tennessee has produced. His unselfish services as professor in the Law Department of Vanderbilt University are equally well known. From my knowledge of him I cannot doubt that he must have been an able and an in spiring teacher. In all my long and varied contact with men I never encountered a whiter soul or a more charming personality. He was a rarely distinctive type of the old-time southern gentleman — bluff, frank, hearty, impulsive, unpretentious, tenacious of his dignity, sensitive as a girl in everything affecting honor, strong in his prejudices, true as steel to his friends, generous to a fault, with hand open as the day to melting charity. The changes wrought by the war Thomas H. Malone, M.A . 91 in social habits and manners passed unheeded by him. To the end of his days he lived his life as he had been used and had learned to live it in the old South before the war, with the same habits, customs, and ideals. As fox-hunting had been the sport of his youth, it remained his favorite sport to the end. The formalities and elaborate functions of modern social life had no attraction for him. He ordered his home as his forefathers had ordered theirs, as the center of a simple and wholesome family life and as the seat of a generous and open-handed hos pitality for his friends. He loved Nature and always lived close to Nature. As a social companion, in informal intercourse, he had a rare and peculiar charm. He had a wide and general culture, ranging over broad fields of history and literature, which qualified him to illuminate a vast variety of subjects. He possessed, in rare de gree, the gift of fluent and animated conversation, suggestive, instructive, sympathetic, and always en tertaining. His philosophy of life was cheerful and optimistic, always inclining to bright and charitable views; he had a keen sense of humor, and was blessed, beyond most men, with the faculty of contagious laughter. No one who knew him can fail to recall the resonant and ringing laugh of Tom Malone. Much more might I say — but what need? He walked through life, a knightly figure, clad in complete steel of honor and integrity, facing the world with his visor up, wearing his heart upon his sleeve — a heart so pure and clean that even daws dared not peck at it. Death, in taking him away, left not behind a nobler and knightlier gentleman. The University course being ended, after a period of rec reation at home, he set about determining a most serious question which confronted him and pressed for solution. How he met this shall be told in his own words. "Upon the whole," he says, referring to the period follow ing his return from the University, "this was not a pleasant 7 92 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. year to me, for I had to meet and decide once for all a ques tion which had troubled me a great deal. I believe that I have already said that all of my kindred on my father's side were intensely religious people. For nearly four years, more over, I had been under the influence of Mr. Minor who, al though not a Methodist, was not inferior to them in zeal. It was his hope and my father's that I should become a min ister of the gospel. I had then the idea which I have enter tained all my life and by which I have tried to guide it — that it is a man's duty to be in this world not for himself alone, nor to consult merely his own pleasure, but so to fashion his life that he could do the most he was able for others. So I seriously entertained the idea which I knew would give most pleasure to the two men whom I most loved and admired — my father and Professor Minor. Accordingly in the winter of '55, I believe, it may have been in the early part of '56,* there being a great convention of Methodist ministers at Nashville, a General Conference perhaps, I went there hav ing almost made up my mind to arrange to study for the min istry. Mr. Wheless, my brother-in-law, and my sister were boarding at the old St. Cloud Hotel and, of course, I went there. Dr. A. L. P. Green, then perhaps. the most influential minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church of the South, was a friend of my family and had known me from infancy. He knew of my purpose. He made me leave the hotel and took me to his house during the Conference. I had an op portunity, during this time, to hear a very great deal of private discussion of the various policies suggested and of the dif ferences existing between the members of Conference; and I thought I saw evidence of a struggle for personal aggrandize ment and power in the Church, wholly incompatible with any ideas that I had received from my father and Mr. Minor. There were at that time two or three cases pending on appeal *The Tennessee Conference, then including North Alabama, met in Nashville in October, 1855. The General Conference met in Nashville in 1858. Thomas H. Malont, M.A . 93 from the Annual Conferences involving the characters of ministers. The trials were conducted, as it seemed to me, with as much technicality and chicane as I have ever since seen in the trial of cases in the Criminal Court. Before Con ference had adjourned, without explanations to any, I bade good-by to all and returned to Secluseval and told my father at once that it would be impossible for me to comply with what I supposed to be his wishes. If he was disappointed in the least he gave me no intimation of it, but said that what he desired above all things was my happiness and success." He seriously contemplated the establishing of a high school modeled after the great Coleman School in Virginia and had entered into correspondence with several Masters of the Uni versity of Virginia, whom he desired to associate with him in the project, concerning it ; but about this time the Rev. Dr. Rivers, then at the head of Wesleyan University at Florence, Ala., into which La Grange College had grown, wrote his father asking him to endeavor to induce him to serve as pro fessor of mathematics for a year in that institution until the place of the former incumbent of that chair, who had recently died, could be filled. Having, as he felt, already disappointed the wishes of his father in the matter of entering the min istry, he at once accepted. During the year spent at Florence, being thrown a good deal with Judge Walker, an able lawyer, subsequently one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of Alabama, that gen tleman (being evidently greatly impressed by his striking abil ities) persistently urged him to adopt the profession of the law, bringing him law books to read and telling him constant ly that practicing law, and not teaching, was the proper field for him. He had not before contemplated the law, but had rather held to his idea of a school. He at length yielded so far as to consider the matter, and at length concluded to begin the study of law. Accordingly, his father having suggested Nashville as the best place, he came in the year 1857 to Nash ville, and began the study of law under Russell Houston, Esq., 94 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. a friend of his father, the prevailing custom then being for young men to study law in a law office rather than at a law school. He was in due time granted a license to practice by two judges. Remaining for a time thereafter in the office of Messrs. Houston and Brown, he subsequently opened an office of his own and after a short time was invited by his former instructor to join him as partner in a firm to be styled : Hous ton, Vaughn, and Malone. From the outset his work was marked not only by ability but by the utmost thoroughness, an early instance of which was shown in the preparation of the license granted him to practice law, which the judges had requested him to write and which was so full, comprehensive, and accurate as to cause them when they read it to prick up their judicial ears and to declare that they could hardly have written such an one themselves. The breaking out of the Civil War and his enlistment in the Confederate army, which followed shortly thereafter, sus pended his legal career before it had fairly begun ; but not too soon for him to have already attracted the favorable regard of his seniors at the bar, then a very able one, Mr. Return J. Meigs, one of the ablest, and next to Hon. Francis B. Fogg, the most learned of all of them, perhaps, and who was a great pleader, having already begun to look upon him, as he pleas antly said upon his (Mr. Meigs's) return to Nashville on a short visit, after the close of the war, as one who should one day succeed to his place at the bar. He had, soon after taking up his residence at Nashville, joined a military company, one of three constituting the Rock City Guards, and that company, with the other two, was promptly mustered into the First Tennessee Regiment when it became manifest that war was impending. The regiment saw its first service in Virginia under General Robert E. Lee, and soon thereafter took part in the Romney campaign under General Stonewall Jackson. Colonel Maney, of the First Tennessee Regiment, having been about this time placed in command of the brigade as acting brigadier general, selected Thomas H. Malone, M.A. 95 Thomas H. Malone to serve as captain and assistant adjutant general on his staff and, being promoted shortly after the battle of Shiloh (his regiment having been meantime trans ferred to the Army of the Southwest) to the rank of brigadier general, appointed him upon his staff as captain and assistant adjutant general, which position he held until he resigned in the spring of 1863 to assume command of a company in the Seventh Alabama Regiment of Cavalry (afterwards the Ninth) commanded by his brother, Col. James C. Malone. While serving on the staff of General Maney he took part in the Kentucky campaign of 1862 and in the battle of Mur- freesboro in December, 1862. At the battle of Perryville, one of the bloodiest of the war, he led three regiments of his brigade in a gallant and successful charge upon a Federal battery and bore himself throughout the day with such cour age and judgment as to win the confidence and admiration of the brigade. Not long after his transfer to the cavalry arm of the serv ice (only a few weeks, indeed), his career was cut short by capture and imprisonment. An account of the closing acts in his military life in the field the writer gives in his own words from his memoirs, written with that freedom and un reserve with which one speaks of himself to his children. Although intended only for the eyes of his children and grandchildren, yet its relation here as a thrilling passage in the life of a brave soldier who now sleeps, will, the writer feels sure, find ready pardon. Having been sent by the officer commanding the regiment, some three hundred men, to observe the movements of the enemy, some two thousand strong, who, it was feared, were seeking to flank and surround them; and the regiment during his absence having sought to save itself by flight, he attempted to regain the regiment. The spirited narrative reads : "I started to gallop back to the command, but before I got there I heard a ragged volley and cheer, and when I got in sight I beheld our command running for dear life, with spurs g6 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. in the horses' sides, followed by a large column of Federal cavalry. Of course it was my duty to join the command, and I thought old George could be trusted to outfoot anything the Federals had and would soon put me beyond fire, so I gave him the spur. I was riding in a direction which made an acute angle with the line of the pike. As I came within pistol shot of the column they began to call out, 'Look at the damned Rebel !' and several shots were fired at me. Out of bravado I pointed my pistol, without taking aim, and fired back. I soon outran the column and got into the pike. The rear of our column was then disappearing some half a mile away. "As I galloped on I came up with one of our men, Whit- worth by name, whose horse had fallen and severely injured himself and his rider. I stopped to see if I could do any thing for him, and proposed to take him behind me. He was too much injured to ride, and declined, but gave me his pocket- book and watch, and asked me to convey them to his wife, who lived in Alabama, south of the Tennessee, in Morgan County, I believe. He urged me to leave him, pointing out that the head of the Federal column was then within some fifty yards of us. As I wheeled to resume my flight an officer, heading the column some thirty or forty yards, called out to me, 'Surrender, you damned Rebel coward!' with other op probrious epithets. I never could understand how in battle any one could have any personal feeling until that fellow cursed me in that way. I felt that it was a personal chal lenge, and instantly wheeling old George to face him, I shook my pistol at him and said: 'Come and take me, you d Yankee dog !' I don't think it was a fine thing in either of us to swear as we did, but men will do so on such occasions. He drew his horse down from a gallop to a slow trot, and when within twenty paces fired at me. The ball passed through the broad brim of my slouched hat. Then I fired, and saw the dust fly from the breast of his coat and the hand that held the pistol fall by his side. I waited a minute to see whether he desired Thomas H. Malone, M.A. 97 a second shot, but seeing that he was disabled, old George and I resumed our flight." Reaching, at length, the main body of the command (Wheel er's) to which his regiment belonged, scenes still more stirring followed rapidly as the enemy closed in; he now saving him self from the saber blow of an onrushing antagonist by a pistol ball in his right side as he raised his sword arm for the stroke; now, while the main body retreats across Duck River, joining General Wheeler's bodyguard and others whom valor had drawn to the spot, in a charge upon the enemy; followed by a hand-to-hand fight wherein, his horse being shot and he dismounted, he extricates himself from the peril of trampling hoofs by mounting the horse of a falling foe from one side as he goes down on the other; and finally, the Confederate column being reported over, and the rear guard then follow ing, his horse again being shot down while crossing the river, he is run down by the wounded horse of a fellow-officer as he swims ; knocked insensible by the blows from his hoofs and finds himself, when consciousness returns, lying on the oppo site bank, a prisoner. An incident following the capture illustrates so forcibly and so beautifully the power of human-kindness that the writer cannot forbear to relate it here in the words of the then pris oner himself: "When Harris and I were taken in charge by the Federals we were mounted each behind a trooper. Soon after we had recrossed the river and had begun meeting the Federal col umn, a man roughly addressed me and inquired if I wasn't the fellow riding a gray horse in the rear of the Rebel rout on the pike. I said that I was. Thereupon, with oaths, he threatened to shoot me. But my trooper turned upon him fiercely and cocking his carbine ordered him to leave his pris oner in peace or he would blow his brains out. Naturally I thanked my man for his interference; whereupon he said: 'O, I know you well enough ; you are Tom Malone, old Jimmie C. Malone's son, from Athens. I didn't intend that that 98 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. d rascal should hurt you, for you are all good people, and kind to poor men, like I was. I was a fireman on the Mem phis and Charleston road and knew you all very well.' I ought to say," continues the narrator, "that the man who threatened me was drinking. Personally, I never thereafter met with any insult from any man or officer in the Federal army." He was sent to Johnson's Island as prisoner of war and there held until he was sent to Richmond on parole for ex change. Meantime the family of his father had been driven from the lovely home at Secluseval by the Federal army, or had fled before it, into Georgia, and there his father and mother had both died. He, being still under parole, set out from Richmond with two soldier companions in 1865 in an effort to reach the surviving members of the family, then temporarily resident on a plantation in Georgia. He at length reached the point of destination after a very trying journey rendered all the more so by the misfortune of his sole re- ■maining fellow-traveler (the other had at their instance gone on), who fell sick of pneumonia on the way and whom he could not be prevailed upon to leave. The collapse of the Confederate States government having shortly thereafter oc curred, he, after spending a short while at the Georgia refugee home, set about making arrangements for returning overland, with his two youngest sisters, who insisted on accompanying him, to Secluseval. A long and hazardous journey (for their road lay over Sand Mountain, a region then infested with guerrillas) brought them home at length. The return home constitutes one of those unspeakably sad pages that ended the war chapter in the lives of so many who risked all on the fate of the Confederacy, written no longer in blood now — that, though terrible enough, has the saving grace of color — but in that blackness which breeds despair. Athens, near which lay Secluseval, the once beautiful home of the Malones, a town of some twenty-five hundred inhab itants, chiefly planters drawn together there by a desire for Thomas H. Malone, M.A . 99 the enjoyment of social intercourse and school facilities, was the seat of much culture and wealth. It had excellent schools of its own and in addition "hardly a leading family without a member who had been at one of the great universities," and served as a sort of nursery for the State whence were drawn college professors and presidents, governors, supreme court justices, congressmen, and senators. While there was no os tentatious display of wealth, yet the style of living well com ported with social conditions, and one might, for example, "see any bright day on the streets twenty or more carriages well appointed, with horses that showed the thoroughbred in every movement." This was Athens as he had left it. When he with his sisters entered it again at length, at the end of their trying journey in 1865, they read the record of its sufferings on every hand. The wealth of former days had given place to "appalling poverty." Scarcely a home had escaped un scathed the vandalism that had followed the infamous license to pillage, burn, and destroy ("Now, boys, I shut my eyes for two hours"), given by the notorious General Turpin (for which he afterwards suffered at the hands of a court-martial) upon his entering the town ; and in the streets, instead of the handsome carriages and horses with the air of the thorough bred, where vehicles were seen at all, they were drawn by condemned United States government horses, which, worn out in the service of their conquerors on the field, and hence condemned, branded I. C, and sold for a song or given away to the impoverished citizens, seemed designed in the irony of fate to subdue by ungainly gait and look, if further stroke were necessary, that pride which their thoroughbred pred ecessors in service had helped to engender. The beautiful mansion at their own home had escaped on the occasion above referred to, only to be ruthlessly dismantled and carried away afterwards. Finding inspiration to effort in what to a soul less brave or less strong had been ground for despair, he set about meeting the question of bread. Reports coming from over the border 1oo Vanderbilt University Quarterly. in Tennessee to the effect that "no rebel soldier should ever be permitted to vote or practice any of the learned professions in Tennessee" made it seem doubtful whether he would be able to resume the practice of law in Nashville. Many old friends of his father whose sons had been soldiers, and whose education had been thus interrupted, urged him to open a school and teach until he could determine as to his future course, even though it should be only for a few months. He consented. Some of the outhouses that had been used for the house servants at Secluseval, which were lathed and plas tered, had escaped destruction ; two of these having each two rooms, after being first thoroughly cleansed, were prepared, one for the young ladies and in the other one room for a school, and the other for a bedchamber for himself. An old friend of the writer, then a boy at Athens, writing of this period, says: "He was a born student and it was simply im possible from the first for him to turn away from a thought, a text, or a problem, until he had absolutely mastered it." After some months, one term probably, thus spent in teach ing, political conditions having meantime improved in Ten nessee, he returned to Nashville in the year 1865, where he again took up the practice of law and rapidly rose in his pro fession. Not long after his return, having already estab lished a valuable practice of his own, he entered into co-part nership with the Hon. Abram L. Demoss, who had continued at the bar throughout the war, and then enjoyed a very lucra tive practice. He was thus happily, without delay, afforded a fine field for the exercise and display of his great abilities. The reader needs not to be told that his great intellectual ability, manifest as we have seen from boyhood, developed, strengthened, and disciplined as it had been by the long and thorough training he enjoyed, and animated by his consum ing love for thoroughness, gave him easily a foremost place at the bar. He was of those few who were first at the Nash ville bar, which was a very able one; nor can those who knew his powers doubt that he would have held a like place Thomas H. Malone, M.A . 101 at the bar of New York or other of our great cities, had his lot been cast there, — his success there would have been but the same greatness writ in larger type. His great abilities would indeed easily have filled the measure of a larger sphere had ambition but mapped it out; for such was the astuteness and vigor of his mind, the largeness and clearness of its vision, the ease and strength of its grasp that few were supe rior to him in the thorough mastering and elucidation of legal principles. Edmund Baxter, Esq., himself a great lawyer of wide experience with and knowledge of lawyers, who knew Chancellor Malone as only one strong man who has measured swords with another can, speaking of his powers in this re spect, said in his own crisp, pithy way : "You cannot say too much of him as a lawyer. I have never met a better one." The Hon. J. M. Dickinson, General Counsel of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, and now resident in Chicago, sends the writer the following estimate of Judge Malone : My acquaintance with Chancellor Thomas H. Ma lone began before 1870. I knew him from that time until his death, which occurred in 1906. At the time I first became acquainted with him he was one of the leaders of the Tennessee bar and had the rep utation of being of the highest type, both as a man and a lawyer. About the year 1874 I entered his office. It was my privilege to become intimately acquainted with him. I had the best of opportunities for judging his conduct in every relation of life, social and pro fessional, and can bear testimony to the fact that no lawyer ever bore the standard of his profession high er and no man ever lived in any community that had a cleaner character or enjoyed the confidence and respect of the worthy to a greater degree than did Judge Malone. He would have shrunk as from a pestilence from the ways frequently resorted to by many who now assume to be respectable in the profession. His taste led him mainly into the prac tice in the Chancery, Supreme, and Federal Courts. In the early part of his professional career he tried 102 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. many jury cases, but after his reputation became well established as a lawyer he rarely went into the cir cuit court. He had a large and lucrative practice, both as a trial lawyer and counselor, and for more than a quarter of a century was conspicuous in the most important litigation of the State. He achieved equal eminence as a teacher of law in Vanderbilt University. A ripe scholar, refined gentleman, of most pleasing personality, loyal friend, gallant sol dier, able lawyer, accomplished teacher, and upright citizen, Thomas H. Malone has left a memory that will long abide as an inspiration to the young men of our State. J. M. D1ck1nson. Chicago, March 7, 1907. It is not matter of surprise that the Board of Trustees of Vanderbilt University, when they came to select some one alike eminent for learning and high character to organize and preside over the School of Law of that institution, should have chosen Thomas H. Malone. He was elected Dean of that school on May 25, 1875, and resigned in June, 1904, about two years before his death, which occurred in Septem ber, 1906, having given nearly thirty years of his life to that work — and while he must, of course, share with others the honor of its great success it may, it is believed, be said without being deemed invidious, that to its Dean, more than to any other, its success is due. The inclination to teach was always strong in him, and he was peculiarly well fitted for the high office of teacher. First of all, his own clearness of conception, his thorough mastery of whatever subject he essayed, and his power of vigorous and accurate speech were such as to render easy the successful impartation of his knowledge to others. But in addition, the high qualities of the man — his love of truth and uprightness, his scorn of everything that smacked of dishonesty or fraud or meanness or chicane, finding ready and hearty admiration in the breasts of young students, not only enhanced the readi ness of access to their minds but gave him entrance to their Thomas H. Malone, M.A . 103 hearts as well. The high plane, moral and intellectual, on which his life was projected created about him an atmosphere that in its wholesomeness and tone was like mountain air ; and dead was that soul indeed who, breathing it, did not feel its ennobling inspiration. Desiring to have an expression of opinion touching Judge Malone from the standpoint of those who had been in his classes, the writer requested two of his former studenfs, whom he happened to know, both men of high intelligence but dif fering widely in temperament, to give their impressions of him. From their courteous responses I have the pleasure to quote, from the first, as follows : His knowledge of his subjects was comprehensive, and he knew the proper emphasis to place on the dif ferent portions of the subject, according to their relative importance. He was almost universally pop ular and admired by the students. He made the im pression of an extremely upright and manly man, and at the same time a sensitive and sympathetic one. I think that the influence of Judge Malone's char acter and personality as shown in the lecture room, as well as the substance and tone of his teachings and remarks there, tended in a marked degree to ward developing the manlier and better qualities of the students. From the second as follows : For two years I sat under his tuition and studied law and studied him. To me then he was a paragon — a splendid combination of mind and heart. To me now, with more age, wider experience, and great er knowledge of men and things, seen through the memories of thirteen long years, Colonel Malone was a remarkable man. His was a quick and acute intellect, searching, analytical, and thorough. He saw the gist of a matter at a glance and could not understand why others did not. His modesty was so great that he never imputed to others less intelli gence than he was conscious of possessing himself. 104 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. His reverence for the truth and the right — his hatred for the false and the wrong appeared to me his ruling passion. He never lectured on morals. He taught the law. Yet the law as he taught it appeared nothing more than the armor protecting and developing the high est order of morals, and through that armor there was ever present all the cardinal virtures. And I felt all the time that he was the embodiment of what he taught; that he was giving us of himself, and not the fiats of legislatures and the opinions of tribunals. He possessed in a remarkable degree the power of happy and exact expression. Few words were the vehicle of his thoughts, but they were luminous words — simple, chaste, full of meaning — just what was necessary to convey his thoughts. His speeches were short, crisp, conclusive. When he had finished there was nothing to add. The subject had been covered. Another striking characteristic of Colonel Malone was the heart of him. Wide sympathy and deep ten derness beamed from his face and rang in every word he uttered. We felt that he loved us, and we loved him. We were conscious that our teacher was also our friend and felt a deep and true interest in us and our future, and that in trial or misfortune we could go to him not for advice but for help, and re ceive it. He possessed a deep, rich vein of humor and fre quently indulged it in the class room. But his humor had no sting. Irony and sarcasm never entered his pleasantries. And he to whom they were applied laughed as freely and heartily as another. He was, in my day as a student, a universal favorite with the student body. We all admired, we all loved him. The law faculty was then a strong one. There was Baxter, Reese, Smith, and Malone. The others we thought strong men, learned, all good lawyers, one of them a great lawyer, all uncommon men. But in Colonel Malone we saw all these things and — we reverenced him. Thomas H. Malone, M.A . 105 A life that can command a tribute at once so beautiful and so manifestly sincere is a tribute unto itself. In the year 1894 the office of Chancellor of the Chancery Division of the State of Tennessee which embraced the coun ty of Davidson and with it the city of Nashville having been rendered vacant by a deplorable tragedy, and existing condi tions giving peculiar emphasis to the necessity for a man of exalted character as well as learning to fill the vacancy thus occasioned, a spontaneous demand for the appointment of Thomas H. Malone to the place arose, and the Governor of the State in response thereto appointed him Chancellor to serve until the next general election should occur. Together with his great learning and ability he brought to the bench to which he was thus elevated the highest sense of the obli gations of the judicial office. To him the ermine was as the vestments of him who ministers in sacred things and jus tice felt no tremor in his hands; and though irritation might sometimes provoke from his sensitive, high-strung nature sharpness of speech (with keen regret to him, as his friends knew), yet counsel whether "the wind was in the East" or in the West never doubted his righteousness of purpose. He presided with great dignity and was strict in the en forcement of such rules as he deemed necessary to secure the fair, orderly, and prompt disposition of business. His deci sions were clean-cut, vigorous, and learned, with the strong, clear, dominant note of justice running through them. He retired from the bench at the end of the period for which he was appointed and did not offer for reelection. Being a large shareholder in the Nashville Gas Company and feeling some concern as to its management and hence desiring a place on its board of directors, he made his wishes known to a certain stockholder, who practically controlled the company, upon the death of a director in the fall of 1897. He was given to understand upon his prompt refusal to agree, if elected, to do certain things that this stockholder proposed to do, that it would be seen to that he was not elected. He 106 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. was elected a director, notwithstanding, at the next annual meeting, and on the next day was elected president of the company by the board. Soon after his election the discovery by him that, through some flaw in the caption of the Act of Incorporation, the Gas Company's charter was on the eve of expiring when all concerned had thought it would run for fifty years longer, precipitated a crisis in the affairs of the company from which it is doubtful whether it could have been successfully extricated but for his open, frank, and honest course in the matter and for the public support and sympathy his well-known integrity commanded. As soon as it became known that the charter was near its expiration three rival or ganizations, one of which was deemed to have well-nigh con trolling influence with the City Council, made public applica tion for a contract with the city. The Chamber of Commerce, after a full and free statement from him as to what he wished to do, lent its aid to Judge Malone, and even former law students rallied to his support. A gentleman officially con nected with the company and familiar with its history writes as follows: "His friends and the people of Nashville generally believed in him and were willing to trust him to do the right thing. At one time during the fight a certain party was sent to Judge Malone to tell him that by the payment of $18,000 he could get any contract he wanted, and get it for any length of time. The man who was commissioned to make that proposition to him would not go to Judge Malone in person, but requested me to lay it before him. I did so, knowing very well what his reply would be. It was this : 'No, no ! you tell the dirty rascal that I wouldn't give one single cent for any contract. Before I would do a thing like that, or permit this company to do such a thing, I would sink the company to the lowest depths of hell. I've always been an honest man, and I pro pose to go to my grave an honest man, and not a briber.' "Well, as you know, Judge Malone secured the contract. He took the company entirely out of politics at once. Under Thomas H. Malone, M.A . 107 his able management it doubled its output within three years and at the time of his death it was in good shape and business was increasing monthly. "His influence was worth a great deal to the company. Every one who knew him had the utmost confidence in his judgment and his integrity, and his influence in the office was invaluable." Judge Malone was twice married; first in June, 1866, to Miss Ellen Fall, who died in 1898, of which marriage four children — two daughters and two sons — survive him; and again in 1900 to Mrs. Milbrey Ewing Fall, who survives him. Judge Malone was a great lover of books and it is doubtful whether any other person in his city had a richer store of learning than he. He took up the study of German when past sixty and found pleasant recreation in German novels. His mind was so generously infused with classical learning that classic thought and phrase were inwrought, rather than inlaid, in his speech. He was nimself the master of a chaste and elevated literary style, rich without ornateness, and vig orous as it was elegant. Rich specimens taken from the mine now and then to meet the demands of some special oc casion, as the death of an old associate, or the introduction of a distinguished literary guest of the city, and the like, make one lament that the jealous demands of a busy professional life should have left so rich a mine to go unworked. A charming spirited little story giving an account of a fox-hunt which he and his long-time friend, Mr. Justice Jackson, of the Supreme Court of the United States, had together, entitled "Little Rachel's Debut," so pleased Judge J. M. Dickinson by its charm of story and diction that he had it privately print ed for distribution among his friends ; one of them, a Justice of the United States Supreme Court, being so entertained by it that he fell to thinking of it upon awaking at three o'clock the next morning after he had read it and being satisfied that he had not taken the whole of it fully in got out of bed, went 8 108 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. to his study, got the little story and went back to bed and did not go to sleep until he had read it thoroughly again. The cause for his distinguished success must be found pri marily, of course, in the great faculties with which Nature had endowed him ; but these he so enhanced by the thorough mastery and command of them which he acquired through severe training and discipline that the enhancement fell little short of the original endowment. He said of himself : "I think that on the whole I have attained greater success than my natural talents warranted, and I think that this is due to the fact that whatever I am able to do I can do it all when the exigency seems to require it." A source of inspiration and strength to him throughout his life was his great love and respect for his father, as the fol lowing passage from his memoirs touchingly witnesses : "I am growing old and my health is poor," said his father as he parted with him at the end of a short visit home on furlough in the winter of 1863. "You are going to battle and danger. It is probable that we shall never meet again. If you should live through this war I think it will please you always to remember what I now say. You have never in your life caused me a single pang and you have been a source of joy and pride to me always." "These are the last words he ever spoke to me. During my long life I have thought of them many hundreds of times — and now when I am more than threescore years and ten they thrill me almost as they did that cold day in January, 1863." Akin to this, and constituting at once the great propelling power and the guiding principle of his life, was his sacred re gard for duty. Proud, manly, brave, knowing no master, he yet was as a child that heard with anxious ear when Duty spoke. His personality was of that sort that one feels ; there was a wholesome freshness, a brimming heartiness, vivacity, and force about him that made his salutation like a glass of Vichy ; and such earnestness and intenseness as made him seem as one Directory of Law Graduates. 109 set in italics, yet with these so graced and tempered by his charm as to leave no sense of harshness. He was not popular as men are popular — he lacked alloy to give him larger currency ; nor was his name in everybody's mouth; but in the hearts of many in honor and in love his name abides. He was by nature loving and lovable; but high-strung with al (as finest-noted soul or violin must be) whose chords would bear no rude or careless touch. We cannot read the ways of God, nor would we dare de clare his judgments; but darkness cannot chill nor doubt dis turb the faith that wheresoever rest the souls of those who thought upon and who loved "whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report," there his noble soul has found its resting place. Thos. S. Weaver. DIRECTORY OF LAW GRADUATES. The Directory of the Graduates of the Department of Law has been compiled by Dr. J. T. McGill, Chairman of the General Committee, and Dr. Allen G. Hall, Secretary of the Law Depart ment, with the help of a number of the graduates, particularly E. E. Barthell, C. N. Bryan, John H. DeWitt, of the Academic Department, John Bell Keeble, and C. C. Trabue. Fully three- quarters of the addresses were confirmed in Nashville from per sonal knowledge of the persons consulted or by consultation of Martindale's Directory. In a number of cases there was not sufficient information to use as the basis of a letter of inquiry. As a last resort something over sixty "return envelope" letters were sent out. Most of these were answered; some of them being forwarded across the continent, or finding the addressees though they had changed residence at or about the time Dr. McGill published the Directory of 1894. But twenty-four were re turned, and the names and addresses are printed here separately no Vanderbilt University Quarterly. in the hope that some seeing the names will be able to give the information desired: '78 William F. Buraam, Jasper, Fla. '79 William A. Davis, Crockett, Tex. '8o John T. Cooper, Winchester, Tenn. '81 E. E. Bryant, formerly of Arkansas, now of Mississippi (?). '81 Daniel O. Herbert, Boston, Mass. '81 Charles A. Mayfield, San Antonio, Tex. (probably dead). '83 Robert F. Harrison, San Francisco, Cal. '84 James B. Mitchell, Jackson or Goodman, Miss. '84 William K. Rogers, Greeneville, Tenn. '85 Robert A. Long, Versailles, Mo. '85 John M. Phillips, Columbia, Tenn. '86 C. H. Whiteside, Morristown, Tenn. "87 Thomas E. Latham, Jefferson, N. C. '87 Mitchell K. McMillan, Natchez, Miss. '88 John M. Ragland, Denver, Colo. '90 W. H. Kornegay, Kenansville, N. C. '91 C. I. Davis, Coushatta, La. '91 W. Thomas Smith, Paducah, Ky. '91 Morgan B. Thompson, Rome, Ga. '92 A. Sidney J. McCoy, San Francisco, Cal. '94 Joseph E. Norwood, Camden, Ark. '98 Sidney Jackson Hunt, Walnut Ridge, Ark. '99 Richard L. Watkins, Memphis, Tenn. '05 Thomas W. Daniel, Drake's Branch, Va. In the case of those whose address is given the occupation, if not stated otherwise, is to be understood to be the practice of the law. CLASS OF 1875. Bachelor of Laws. 1 Sullivan, Will Van Amburg Oxford, Miss. CLASS OF 1876. Bachelor of Laws. 2 Baugh, Richard. M.A. (University of Alabama). 3 *Curd, Charles Payne, Principal of Smith Academy St. Louis, Mo. Born in Louisville, Ky., September 21, 1851 ; died at St. Louis June 4, 1906; for nearly thirty years was connected with Smith Academy, a preparatory school managed by the Trustees of Washington Uni versity, and was Principal at the time of his death ; contributed verses to the Observer and to other magazines and papers ; was Alumni Poet in 1905 ; was married in 1881 to Miss Selene Harding, who, with two sons, survives him. M.A. (University of Nashville, '76), Ph.D. ( — ). Directory of Law Graduates. 1 1 1 4 Gannaway, John E. 5 Hanna, Lafayette Randolph. 6 Matthews, Thomas Edwin Nashville, Tenn. 7 Mitchell, Thomas James Sadlersville, Tenn. 8 Nixon, Henry Centerville, Tenn. 9 Powers, Henry. 10 *Richmond, Albert Berryman. Died at Des Arc, Ark., October 9, 1880. 11 Taylor, Lytton Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1877. Bachelor of Laws. 12 Algood, Alfred Cookeville, Tenn. 13 *Brown, Morgan Williams. Born in Nashville about 1852, son of William L. Brown and grand son of Morgan W. Brown, for many years United States judge; was highly educated, particularly in English literature; practiced law in Nashville; died at Nashville in the fall of 1897; married Miss Fanny Rhea McAlister, daughter of the late Hill McAlister, who, with two children, Morgan W., Jr., and Marjorie, survives him. 14 *Crawford, John Emory. Born in Dallas County, Tex., December 7, 1853; practiced law in Robertson County, Tex., more than twenty years ; for six years was County Judge; died in San Angelo, Tex., September 12, 1903; married Miss Delia Kell, who, with two children, survives him. 15 Goodpasture, Albert Virgil, Merchant Nashville, Tenn. 16 Hundley, Oscar Richard, Judge United States District Court. Huntsville, Ala. 17 Kinnaird, Percy Nashville, Tenn. 18 Rogers, Robert Henry Waco, Tex. 19 *Wofford, Charles Pinckney. CLASS OF 1878. Bachelor of Laws. 20 Burnam, William Franklin. 21 *Campbell, Joseph Bailey. Died at Franklin, Tenn., in 1881. 22 Gardner, Percy Whitehead. 23 Harris, Milus King Fresno, Cal. 24 Lyne, John Alexander. 25 *Reed, Joshua Bell. Died at Denver, Colo., in 1879. A.B. (Centerville College, Ky.). 26 Rust, James Urmston, Grocer Nashville, Tenn. 27 Ward, Augustus Kenneth Memphis, Tenn. CLASS OF 1879. Bachelor of Laws. 28 Barrs, John Murdock Jacksonville, Fla. 29 Burney, Robert Henry, Circuit Judge Kerrville, Tex. H2 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 30 Davis, William Albert. 31 Foster, John Mcintosh Springfield, Tenn. 32 *Hagan, Rufus King. Died in 1897. 33 Huston, Harvey James. 34 Hutcheson, William Gilmer Nashville, Tenn. 35 Ivie, Charles Sutton Shelbyville, Tenn. 36 Johnson, Thomas Barbee, Farmer Thompson Station, Tenn. 37 Jones, Paul 54 Williams Street, New York City. 38 Leech, Herbert Norvel Clarksville, Tenn. 39 Moose, William Lewis, Member of Board of Trust of Vanderbilt University Morrillton, Ark. CLASS OF 1880. Bachelor of Laws. 40 Cooper, John Thomas. 41 Gage, George Williams Chester, S. C. A.B. (Wofford College). 42 *Grisham, Albert Nathaniel. Died in Nashville in September, 1897, having practiced law at the Nashville bar from the time of his graduation; married Miss Carrie Gartner, of Nashville, who, with two children, survives him. 43 Hardin, Charles Henry Edward. .Bohemian Club, San Francisco, C;i A.M. (Pacific Methodist College). 44 Kennedy, Hanson Carlisle, Ky. 45 Moore, Walter Vernon Oakland, Miss. B.P. '78,. M.A. '79, 46 Palmer, Walter Benjamin, Special Agent of the United States Bureau of Labor Washington, D. C. 47 Phillips, Henry Bethune Jacksonville, Fla. 48 Wade, William Wallace Trenton, Tenn. 49 West, Joseph Reedy, Chancery Court Clerk Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1881. Bachelor of Laws. 50 Bryant, Edgar Eugene. 51 Chambers, William Richard Nashville, Tenn. 52 Connor, Robert Patton Brownwood, Tex. 53 Fleming, Ebenezer Thomas Butte, Mont. 54 Goodpasture, William Henry, Merchant Nashville, Tenn. 55 Gracey, Julian F., Agent L. & N. R. R Clarksville, Tenn. 56 Hardwick, James Oscar, Stocks, Bonds, and Real Estate. .Atlanta, Ga. 57 Harsh, Griffith Rutherford Birmingham, Ala. 58 Herbert, Daniel Oscar. 59 Jackson, Robert Fenner McGavock Building, Nashville, Tenn. 60 *Lacey, William Wirt. A^B. (Bethel College). Directory of I mw Graduates. 113 61 Mayfield, Charles Henry. A.B. (Southwestern University, Texas). 62 Meerscheidt, Paul San Antonio, Tex. 63 Rawls, Charles Taylor, Real Estate and Insurance. .Asheville, N. C. 64 Smedes, John Marshall Cincinnati, Ohio. B.P. '79. 65 Smith, Eugene, Treasurer and Manager Volunteer Carriage Com pany Nashville, Tenn. B.S. '80. 66 *Somers, John, Jr. Died at Silver City, N. Mex., December 2, 1883. 67 *Whitworth, John Leonard. Died at his home, near Nashville, Tenn., March 27, 1905. B.P. '78, B.S. '78. CLASS OF 1882. Bachelor of Laws. 68 *Atchison, Tom Ayers. Died in New York November 23, 1904, having lived there in the practice of his profession since 1885; he was married only a year be fore his death. 69 Burney, Ivy Hamilton Fort Worth, Tex. A.B. (Southwestern University). 70 *Gates, Forest Loraine. Died in Cotulla, Tex., August 29, 1887. 71 Maddin, Percy Downs, Professor in the Law Department of Vander- bilt University Nashville, Tenn. B.S. '81. 72 Noyes, James Alvah Atlanta, Ga. 73 Smyer, Edgar Jones Birmingham, Ala. 74 *Thompson, Frank Enos. Died in Cotulla, Tex., December 23, 1900, leaving a widow. 75 Thurman, Edwin R., Fidelity and Casualty Company. The Rookery, Chicago, Ill. 76 Tomlinson, John Walter Birmingham, Ala. 77 Vertrees, William O Noel Block, Nashville, Tenn. 78 Walker, William Ryan Athens, Ala. CLASS OF 1883. Doctor of Laws. (Causa Honoris: Eminent attainments in classical learning and val uable contributions to philological science.) 79 Humphreys, Milton W. M.A. (Washington and Lee, '69), Ph.D. (Leipzig, '74). Bachelor of Laws. 80 *Beale, Charles Wesley. Died near Nashville July 17, 1891. M.A. '81. 114 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 81 Cain, Walter, Journalist Memphis, Tenn. 82 Cooper, Edward Hall. 83 Groves, Frank Simpson, Real Estate Broker Kansas City, Mo. 84 Hall, Allen Garland, Professor in the Law Department of Vander- bilt University Nashville, Tenn. LL.D. (Central University, Kentucky) '05. 85 Harrison, Robert F. 86 Hawkins, William Ashton, Attorney for El Paso and Southwestern System El Paso, Tex. 87 Lellyett, John Turner Nashville, Tenn. 88 Lowrie, Henry Watkins, Real Estate Denver, Colo. 89 Mayson, James Lucas Atlanta, Ga. 90 Phillips, Herbert Irving Dallas, Tex. 91 Robeson, William Henry Washington, D. C. 92 Snodgrass, Frank Lee Coleman, Tex. 93 Whitesell, Robert Peter, Banker Union City, Tenn. CLASS OF 1884. Bachelor of Laws. 94 *Ashcraft, Elijah S. Died September 3, 1904, at Nashville, Tenn., aged about forty-two years ; in 1902 he married Miss Capitola Burch, of Nashville, who sur vives him. 95 Bandy, William Woolford. 96 Colville, Samuel Lusk 406 Olive Street, Kansas City, Mo. 97 *DeBow, Benjamin Franklin. 98 Fielder, J. Parks. 99 Horton, William Joseph. 100 *McCIellan, George Browning. Died at Hadensville, Ky. 101 Millington, Seth Colusa, Cal. 102 Mitchell, James Bogg. 103 Rogers, William Keen. 104 Smith, William Robert. 105 Williams, Samuel Cole Johnson City, Tenn. ■ CLASS OF 1885. Bachelor of Laws. 106 Ayers, Walter Scott, United States Pension Officer. Washington, D. C. 107 *Compton, Charles Marion. Died at San Jose, Cal., in 1888. 108 Cowherd, William Marshall Campbellsville, Ky. 109 DeBow, James D. B., Assistant General Counsel N., C. & St. L R. R. Nashville, Tenn. no Dobbins, Blake Wilson Union City, Tenn. 1n Jackson, Robert Edwards Indian Bay, Ark. Directory of Law Graduates. 115 112 Lawrence, Charles S Nashville, Tenn. B.A. '84. 113 Long, Robert Augustus. 114 Meriwether, Hunter McCann Kansas City, Mo. B.S. '83. 115 *Moore, Joseph Boone. Died April 22, 1907, at Lead, S. D.; born in Nashville Oc tober 13, 1862 ; located in Lead in 1880 ; while a conductor on the rail road in 1884 he was injured; after his recovery, he entered the Law Department, and graduated in one year; locating in Lead, he became in 1889 city attorney, then State's attorney for Lawrence County, then judge of the Circuit Court until 1901 ; he was married in 1886 to Miss Susie B. Jordan, who, with three children, survives him; his son, Rupert E., was a member of the freshman Engineering class during the first term of 1906-07. 116 Orr, William Alexander, Clergyman M. E. Church, South. Mountain View, Cal. 117 Phillips, John Morgan. 118 Prewitt, Austin Lemuel, Evangelist Columbia, Tenn. 119 Smiser, James Alfred Columbia, Tenn. 120 Stayton, Joseph Markham Newport, Ark. CLASS OF 1886. Bachelor of Laws. 121 *Ariail, Julius Fellows. Born November 7, 1863 ; graduated with honors and located in Alexandria, La. ; married Miss Jeannette Dent Blackman November 7, 1887; elected as Democrat to the Lower House of the Louisiana Legislature in 1896; died March 3, 1899, leaving a widow and four children. 122 Barton, George Monroe, Minister Williston, Tenn. 123 Bayarhoffer, Theodore Charles San Diego, Cal. 124 Clinton, James Andrews Natchez, Miss. 125 Dupuy, William Morgan Boardman, Fla. 126 Kile, John Milton Stockton, Cal. 127 McLin, Robert Orlando Kansas City, Mo. 128 Smith, Robert Trimble Cole Building, Nashville, Tenn. 129 Stokes, Walter McGavock Building, Nashville, Tenn. 130 Summers, John Lyle Auditor's Office, Washington, D. C. 131 Whiteside, C. H. CLASS OF 1887. Bachelor of Laws. 132 Anderson, Charles, Baptist Clergyman Catlettsburg, Ky. 133 Aroni, Ernest Lee, Journalist, Paris Representative of the Hearst Papers New York, N. Y. 134 Buckner, Elliott, Farmer New Providence, Tenn. 135 Carlisle, Howard Bobo Spartanburg, S. C. 136 Culver, Romulus E St. Joseph, Mo. Il6 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 137 Dodson, Samuel P Chattanooga, Tenn. 138 Fogg, Frances Brinkley Washington, D. C. 139 Guthrie, Thomas C Kansas City, Mo. 140 Hardin, Edward E Bellingham, Wash. 141 Harris, James Alexander, City Clerk Denver, Colo. B.A. '86. 142 Latham, Thomas Emmett. 143 McMillan, Mitchell K. 144 Miller, Harlan Bogham, Attorney N., C. & St. L. R. R. Nashville, Tenn. 145 Motley, George D Gadsden, Ala. 146 Reid, Charles Chester, Member of Congress Morrillton, Ark. 147 Vaughn, Preston Nashville, Tenn. 148 White, Horace Henry Alexandria, La. B.S. '86. CLASS OF 1888. Bachelor of Laws. 149 Barthell, Edward East Vanderbilt Building, Nashville, Tenn. 150 Brundage, Henry E. 151 Culwell, Andrew Hawkins. 152 Edgerton, Barney R., Farmer Pinkney, N. C. 153 Graham, William S. 154 Keeble, John Bell, Professor in the Law Department of Vanderbilt University and District Attorney L. & N. R. R Nashville, Tenn. 155 Kinney, William Brownsville, Tenn. B.P. '87. 156 Manson, Herbert Lee Columbus, Ga. 157 *Moore, James Handy. Died November 20, 1906, in Charleston, Mo. B.P. '86. 158 Oates, Claude William. 159 Parke, Frank, Jr., City Editor News-Record Fort Smith, Ark. 160 Ragland, John M. 161 Slaughter, Coleman Clarke Cole Building, Nashville, Tenn. B.A. '85. 162 Whitaker, Charles C Tampa, Fla. 163 Williams, Joseph Minnick Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1889. Bachelor of Laws. 164 Austin, Harry Williams, Assistant General Claim Agent of the Wa bash Railway Company St. Louis, Mo. 165 Burch, Charles Newell, General Solicitor Yazoo and Mississippi Val ley Railroad Memphis, Tenn. B.A. '88. Directory of Law Graduates. 117 166 *Callender, William Saunders. Died in Nashville January 16, 1906; married Miss Laura Cook, of Nashville, who survives him. 167 Finn, Gerald Thomas Franklin, Ky. 168 Ford, James Lafayette Jefferson, Tex. 169 Hart, Jesse C Dardanelle, Ark. A.B. (Arkansas Industrial University). 170 Hastings, William Wirt Tahlequah, Ind. T. 171 Jones, Abe C, Clergyman Pleasant Hill, Mo. 172 Moore, Paul Byrd Charleston, Mo. 173 Neilson, Jesse B., Farmer Mohawk, Tenn. B.L. (Emory and Henry College). 174 Thompson, William P Vinita, Ind. T. 175 Watkins, John Humphreys, Manager of Memphis Trust Company. Memphis, Tenn. 176 Webb, James Avery Benton College of Law, St. Louis, Mo. CLASS OF 1890. Bachelor of Laws. 177 Albes, Charles Edward, Real Estate Decatur, Ala. B.P. '89. 178 Alexander, Eugene Bruce Kishacoquillas, Pa. B.S. (Dickinson College '89). 179 Allison, Granville Smith, Clergyman Memphis, Tenn. 180 Awaya, Michihama. 181 Bailey, T. J Cole Building, Nashville, Tenn. M.A. (Southwestern Presbyterian University). 182 Bass, C. W. 183 Baxter, Perkins Nashville, Tenn. 184 Beddow, William L Seattle, Wash. B.S. (Williamsport Seminary, Pennsylvania). 185 Bonta, Walter Garrett, Journalist San Francisco, Cal. B.A. '89. 186 Brooks, Stewart Mobile, Ala. B.S. '88. 187 Byrns, Joseph W Nashville, Tenn. 188 Cole, William Throop Commonwealth's Attorney, Greenup, Ky. A.B. (Kentucky Wesleyan College). 189 Folk, Joseph Wingate, Governor of Missouri Jefferson City, Mo. 190 Gibson, Nathan Adams Muskogee, Ind. T. B.A. '88. 191 Joslin, Falcon. 192 Kornegay, W. H. A.M. (Wake Forest College). 193 Luck, Harry A Nashville, Tenn. n8 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 194 Morrison. John Franklin Waynesboro, Tenn. B.A. '89. 195 Owen, William A Covington, Tenn. 196 Parks, Lexie Smith Union City, Tenn. B.S. '89. 197 Pritchett, Stonewall Webb City, Mo. 198 Pulley, Edward Lee Huntsville, Ala. B.A. '88. 199 Raymond, G. S Natchez, Miss. 200 Rigg, Harry Bush Chattanooga, Tenn. B.A. '89. 201 Rutherford, A. G Nashville, Tenn. 202 Tyne, Thomas James Nashville, Tenn. 203 Waller, Claude, General Counsel Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railroad Nashville, Tenn. B.S. '84, B.E. '86, M.S. '88. 204 *Weber, Joseph E. Died in Cincinnati, Ohio., ; was for many years a telegraph operator in the employ of the Western Union Telegraph Company at many points; traveled in this country and Mexico; became very pro ficient in several modern languages, and was employed in New York by one of the large newspapers in expert work at the time of his last illness. 205 *Wise, Basil A. Died in Macon, Ga., on November 23, 1901, aged about thirty-two years ; married Miss Gazalene Monroe, who, with two sons and two daughters, survives him. CLASS OF 1891. Bachelor of Laws. 206 Baldridge, W. M. 207 Byers, A. A. 208 Cherry, William Capers Nashville, Ttnn. B.A. '88. 209 Chick, Joseph S., Lumber Business Standard, La. 210 Coston, J. T Osceola, Ark. 211 Davis, C. I. A.M. (Southwestern Baptist College). 212 Dowdle, Taylor A., Merchant Morrillton, Ark. 213 Ewing, A. G., Jr Nashville, Tenn. 214 Kline, W. H Dixon, Cal. 215 Leach, M. R Independence, Mo. 216 McConnell, Odell Whitfield Helena, Mont B.A. '90. 217 Moore, J. Washington Nashville, Tenn. B.S. '90. 218 Murchison, C. G. 219 Scales, Henry M Oklahoma City, Okla. Directory of Law Graduates. 119 220 Seay, Edward T., Assistant District Attorney L. & N. Railroad. (Office) Nashville, Tena 221 Smith, W. Thomas. 222 Stradley, Walter P. (about to remove to some point in Oklahoma). Oxford, N. C. A.M. (Wake Forest College). 223 Taylor, W. M., Jr Blytheville, Ark. 224 Thompson, Morgan B. 225 White, Ike D. CLASS OF 1892. Bachelor or Laws. 226 Banks, Lem Memphis, Tenn. 227 Biggs, Albert W Memphis, Tenn. 228 *Bowman, John H. Died October 30, 1905, at Philadelphia, while undergoing treatment; was born in Washington County, Tenn., in 1875 ; attended Emory and Henry College ; settled at Johnson City, Tenn. ; married Miss Jessie Kirkpatrick, later becoming junior partner in the firm of Kirkpatrick, Williams, and Bowman; Mrs. Bowman and two young sons sur vive him. 229 Brown, Robert L Memphis, Tenn. 230 Hardin, W. H Chester, S. C. 231 Hughes, Thomas Allen Jonesboro, Ark. 232 Hynds, John Arthur Atlanta, Ga. 233 McCoy, A. Sidney J. 234 Middleton, Joseph O., with the Constitution Publishing Company. Atlanta, Ga. 235 Murray, W. St. George, Traveling Salesman Columbus Buggy Co. Chattanooga, Tenn. 236 Park, Orville A Macon, Ga. 237 Plater, Richard C., Banker and Broker Nashville, Tenn. 238 Rankin, Quintin Trenton, Tena 239 Sanderson, Uluth Mitchell, Teacher San Saba, Tex. B.S. '91. CLASS OF 1893. Bachelor of Laws. 240 Bacon, Carrington C., Merchant Imboden, Ark. 241 Boyd, Clarence T Nashville, Tenn. 242 Carter, Lilliard H Lawrenceburg, Ky. A.B. (Kentucky Wesleyan College). 243 Clotfelter, U. T Visalia, Cal. 244 Hawkins, Horace N Denver, Colo. 245 Hudson, W. E Lawton, Okla. B.S. (South Kentucky College). 120 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 246 Jones, Elliott Hamilton American Bank Building, Kansas City, Mo. B.A. '91. 247 Kennedy, Robert L Nashville, Tenn. 248 Long, Harry C Verona, Miss. A.B. (Southern University). 249 McNeilly, E. L Nashville, Tenn. 250 Peebles, Oscar T Cartersville, Ga. 251 Smith, Henry E Cole Building, Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1894. Bachelor of Laws. 252 Bland, Samuel K., General Agent of the American Surety Company for Kentucky and Tennessee Louisville, Ky. 253 Crockett, Albert Percy Oklahoma City, Okla. B.A. '93. 254 *Glick, Maurice. Died in Nashville in July, 1905, where he had been engaged in pro fessional practice; he is survived by his widow, Mrs. Estella Lazarus Glick. 255 Hawkins, Prince A Boulder, Cal. 256 Larrimore, Granville P Tampa, Fla. 257 Locke, William Thomas, Planter Richmond, Ark. B.A. '92. 258 McCarn, Jeff Nashville, Tenn. 259 Norwood, Joseph E. 260 Trabue, Charles Clay Nashville, Tenn. B.A. '92. 261 Whitaker, Emile V Tampa, Fla. 262 Windsor, Norman M., Physician St. Louis, Mo. CLASS OF 1895. Bachelor of Laws. 263 Craig, William W Ripley, Tenn. B.S. '93. 264 Gaines, Charles L Shreveport, La. B.A. (University of Missouri). 265 Harwood, Samuel N., Davidson County Attorney. .. .Nashville, Tenn. 266 Van Leer, Carlos C. . . Care Auditor of the Treasury, Washington, D. C. CLASS OF 1896. Bachelor of Laws. 267 Bass, Francis M.. Attorney-General of Davidson County. Nashville, Tenn. 268 Brown, John Calvin Vanderbilt Building, Nashville, Tenn. 269 Cain, Stith Malone Nashville, Tenn. Directory of Law Graduates. 121 270 Doak, E. Lockert, Assistant Clerk United States Courts. Nashville, Tenn. 271 *Elliort, William Y. Practiced law at Murfreesboro, Tenn., and died there November 2, 1899; was married on October 4, 1894, to Miss Annie Mary Bullock, who survives him with two sons, William Y. and Richard W. 272 Goodman, Abe, Chief Clerk United States Engineer's Office. Nashville, Tenn. 273 Hight, George W., Jr Nashville, Tenn. 274 *Kennedy, Edward F. Died at Louisville, Miss., in November, 1906; practiced law for a time in the West ; returned to his former home, where he took up the practice of law and identified himself with the political, industrial, and social interests of Louisville, Miss.; he left a widow and children. 275 Kittrell, Thomas G Nashville, Tenn. B.A. '94. 276 Malone, Thomas H., Jr Nashville, Tenn. B.A. '92, M.A. '93- 277 McConnico, K. T Nashville, Tenn. 278 Neal, John Randolph Spring City, Rhea County, Tenn. A.B. (University of Tennessee), M.A. '94. 279 Oliver, F. M Savannah, Ga. B.A. (Florida Agricultural College). 280 Pardue, Littleton J Ashland City, Tenn. 281 Ryan, Louis Whitney, in Government Service San Antonio, Tex. CLASS OF 1897. Bachelor of Laws. 282 Atkinson, William H Paris, Tex. 283 Breedlove, James Willoughby Mildrow, Ind. T. 284 Buntin, Daniel C., Real Estate Nashville, Tenn. 285 Childers, Ben Pulaski, Tenn. B.A. '95- 286 Duling, Albert Nashville, Tenn. 287 Farrell, Norman, Jr Noel Block, Nashville, Tenn. B.S. '95. 288 Goforth, Joseph Caddo, Ind. T. 289 Jacobson, Charles Little Rock, Ark 290 Jones, Houston, Banker Boulder, Colo. 291 Livingston, Henry J., Jr Memphis, Tenn. 292 McAlister, Hill, City Attorney Nashville, Tenn. 293 McKie, R. E San Marcos, Tex. 294 *McNally, John J. 295 Morgan, Matthew Marshall, Journalist Nashville, Tenn. 296 Voorhees, Phil B Danville, Ill. 122 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. CLASS OF 1898. Bachelor of Laws. 297 Boogher, Howard Murray, Business St. Louis, Mo. 298 Carr, Herbert Fulton, Ky. 299 Finn, Clarence M Owensboro, Ky. 300 Hunt, Sidney Jackson. B.A. (Hendrix College). 301 Jacoway, H. M., Jr Dardanelle, Ark. 302 King, Robert Emmett Memphis, Tenn. 303 Leftwich, Louis Nashville, Tenn. 304 Lusk, Robert Nashville, Tenn. B.A. (Yale '96). 305 Parker, Thomas, with Bon Air Coal and Coke Company. Nashville, Tenn. 306 Rains, James Percy Nashville, Tenn. 307 Sypert, G. W Madisonville, Ky. 308 Thompson, Jacob L Emet, Ind. T. 309 Wright, J. W., Assistant Superintendent Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1899. Bachelor of Laws. 310 Bates, William M Dallas, Tex. 311 Bostic, C. R., Jr Henry, Tenn. 312 Buntin, William Allison Nashville, Tenn. 313 Crutchfield, Charles, Brokerage Business New York, N. Y. 314 Cunningham, J. T., Jr Clarksville, Tenn. 315 Elmore, H. H Durant, Miss. 316 Estes, A. Carey Madisonville, Tenn. 317 Fant, Leon F Wagoner, Ind. T. B.A. *97. 318 Fant, Lester Glenn Holly Springs, Miss. B.A. '97. 319 Fleming, Martin A Chattanooga, Tenn. 320 Gardiner, S. Vaughan Memphis, Tenn. 321 Harris, William T, Clergyman Bardstown, Ky. 322 Howell, R. B. C Nashville, Tenn. 323 Marr, William B Nashville, Tenn. 324 Orr, William F., Jr., Granitoid Construction Business, President Buquo Land Company Chattanooga, Tenn. 325 Ponder, W. M., Jr Clarksville, Tenn. 326 Smith, George L Birmingham, Ala. 327 Steed, Benjamin F St. Louis, Mo. 328 Steger, William E Nashville, Tenn. 329 Stokes, Harry S Nashville, Tenn, Directory of Law Graduates. 123 330 Talley, Haskell B Tulsa, Ind. T. 331 Watkins, Richard L. 332 Williams, John F. . .■ Birmingham, Ala. CLASS OF 1900. Bachelor of Laws. 333 Brown, Laurent Nashville, Tenn. 334 Cannon, John B., Student in the Theological Department University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn Home address, Franklin, Tenn. 335 Clark, A. M. 336 Cox, Eugene A Lewiston, Idaho. B.A. '00. 337 Elder, Harry H Trenton, Tenn. 338 Foster, Thomas Redmon Mobile, Ala. B.A. '98. 339 Hardy, Lamar 31 Nassau Street, New York City. A.B. (University of Mississippi). 340 Hoggins, Paul W Nashville, Tenn. 341 Holman, James W Fayetteville, Tenn. 342 Johnson, J. Evans. 343 McDaniel, Rufus Garland. 344 McGregor, LeRoy Nashville, Tenn. 345 Meacham, Cowan White Kirby Chattanooga, Tenn. B.A. '98. 346 Morschheimer, Henry Noble Birmingham, Ala. B.A. '98. 347 Parr, B. F Lake Charles, La. 348 Pope, L S Pikeville, Tenn. 349 Pritchett, G. Morrison Webb City, Mo. B.A. '96. 350 Sinnott, Sidney L Nashville, Tenn. 351 Williamson, Vincent R., with Wilkerson-Carroll Cotton Company. Memphis, Tenn. CLASS OF 1901. Bachelor of Laws. 352 Baxter, Sloss Dillahunty Nashville, Tenn. LL.B. 'o1. 353 Bonner, Moses Horton. .Care Houston & Central Railroad, Ennis, Tex. 354 Cabell, John Vivion Ardmore, Ind. T. Ph.B. (Ogden), M.S. '99. 355 Chambers, John Edward Danville, Ark. 356 Cook, P. Gordon Youngstown, Ohio. 357 Dyer, Haskell H Johnson City, Tena 358 Frazer, George Augustine Nashville, Tenn. 359 Gallagher, William Earl. 9 124 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 360 Gill, Frederick Charles Fayetteville, Tenn. 361 Malone, George Stith..Care Simmons Hardware Co., St. Louis, Mo. 362 Nichols, Paul, Real Estate and Law Nashville, Tenn. 363 Scott, LeGrande Gallatin, Tenn. 364 Stainback, Charles Ashley Somerville, Tenn. 365 Steele, Thomas, Jr Ripley, Tenn. 366 Street, Edwin Campbell Waco, Tex. 367 White, John Ford, Hardware Business Tampa, Fla. B.A. '99. CLASS OF 1902. Bachelor of Laws. 368 Bailey, Robert Albert, Jr., Banker Birmingham, Ala. 369 Bird, Hunter Linn Cairo, 1ll. 370 *Bolls, George Edwin. Died of consumption at San Antonio, Tex., November 26, 1902. 371 Brown, John Columbia, Tenn. 372 Cooper, Robin Jones Nashville, Tenn. 373 Farley, John William Memphis, Tenn. LL.M., Dip.M., D.C.L. (George Washington University). 374 Frierson, Horace, Jr Lawrenceburg, Tenn. 375 Hall, Charles David Gallatin, Tenn. 376 Hawkins, Clarence Madison Boulder, Colo. 277 Hollingsworth, James Isbin Jacksonville, Fla. A.B. (Florida Conference College). 378 Howard, William James, Professor Greek and Latin Birmingham College Birmingham, Ala. B.A. '99, M.A. '00. 379 Ketchum, A. Walton Memphis, Tenn. 380 Levine, Alfred Tennyson Nashville, Tenn. 381 O'Connor, Myles Powers Nashville, Tenn. B.A. '97, M.A. '99. 382 Owen, Crockett Columbia, Tenn. 383 Peoples, James Alexander Nashville, Tenn. 384 Puryear, David Burford Gallatin, Tenn. 385 Underwood, Emory Marvin Atlanta, Ga. B.A. '00. 386 Warnken, Charles August Houston, Tex. 387 Webb, Thomas I., Jr Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1903. Bachelor of Laws. 388 Carr, Benjamin Franklin Fulton, Ky. A.B. '03. 389 Davis, Herbert Wilson Bellbuckle, Tenn. 390 Gantt, Nicholas Jourdan Pine Bluff, Ark. A.B. (Hendrix College), M.A. '01. Directory of Law Graduates. 125 391 McNeal, Austin Miller Nashville, Tenn. 392 McRee, James LeRoy Memphis, Tenn. LL.B. '03. 393 Monk, Carl Los Angeles, Cal. B.A. '01. 394 Nesbitt, Wilbur Foster Memphis, Tenn. 395 Robertson, John Westbrook San Antonio, Tex. 396 Russell, Sinclair Merrell Elkton, Ky. 397 Wade, Joseph Bruce Milo, Tex. CLASS OF 1904. Bachelor of Laws. 398 Barnett, Frederick Townsend Jacksonville, Fla. A.B. (Florida Conference College). 309 Baugh, James Franklin Berry Birmingham, Ala. 400 Browder, David Philip, Jr Nashville, Tenn. 401 Davis, Thomas Walker, Jr., Farmer Brentwood, Tenn. B.A. '99. 402 Evans, Paul Wadsworth Memphis, Tenn. B.S. (-). 403 Ezzard, John Thomas Chelsea, Ind. T. 404 Fennell, Joseph Cynthiana, Ky. 405 Gannaway, Herbert Memphis, Tenn. B.A. '01. 406 Gibson, George Merrick Walnut Ridge, Ark. A.B. (-). 407 Long, William Bethel Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. B.A. '99. 408 Mann, Richard Madison Texarkana, Ark. 409 Monk, Marion Stinton Memphis, Tenn. 410 Smith, Edward Joseph, Assistant City Attorney Nashville, Tenn. 411 Steel. Will Texarkana, Ark. B.A. (-). 412 Sugg, Walter Douglass Adam's Station, Tenn. 413 Tomerlin, John Clarke Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1905. Bachelor of Laws. 414 Albertson, Van H Knoxville, Tenn. 415 Blansfield, Michael V Waterbury, Conn. 416 Brown, James Hamilton Memphis, Tenn. B.A. '99. 417 Daniel, Thomas Whary. (Graduate Virginia Military Institute.) 418 Griffith, Alfred Joseph Nashville, Tenn. 126 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 419 Hammons, Luther Eldridge Memphis, Tenn. 420 Hardaway, Benjamin Franklin, Captain United States Army. Care Military Secretary, Washington, D.C. 421 Kyle, Frank Celina, Tenn. 422 Lamb, William B., Jr Fayetteville, Tenn. 423 Spragens, William Henry Lebanon, Ky. 424 Stokes, George Arthur Waterbury, Conn. 425 Tansil, John Bell Memphis, Tenn. B.A. '00, M.A. '06. 426 Wilburne, W. R. Saunders Winona, Miss. I CLASS OF 1906. Bachelor of Laws. 427 Ambrose, Henry Frizzell, Iron Business Goodrich, Tenn. 428 Anderson, William Joseph Springfield, Tenn. B.A. 'os. 429 Andrews, Forrest Nashville, Tenn. B.A. (University of Nashville). 430 Andrews, Garnett Stith Nashville, Tenn. B.A. (University of Nashville). 431 Bryan, Nelson Claiborne Nashville, Tenn. 432 Cook, William Hibbler Hattiesburg, Miss. B.A. '05. 433 Garard, Frank M Nashville, Tenn. 434 Holland, John W Jackson, Tenn. B.A. (Southwestern Baptist University). 435 Jamison, James H., Jr Nashville, Tenn. 436 Rogers, Herbert Townsend Spartanburg, S. C. 437 Simms, John Field Texarkana, Ark. 438 Spain, Charles W Waterbury, Conn. 439 Stockell, Albert W., Jr Nashville, Tenn. 440 Taylor, M. Hillsman Trenton, Tenn. 441 Walter, Roscoe Franklin, Traveling Salesman Blaine, Ky. DIRECTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY. The Directory of the Department of Pharmacy is revised an nually by Dr. E. A. Ruddiman, Secretary of the Department of Pharmacy, and published regularly in the Pharmaceutical Bulle tin. It is printed here uniformly with the directories of the other departments with Dr. Ruddiman's corrections and with additional obituary information furnished by Dr. J. T. McGill, Chairman of the General Committee. , Of the two hundred and forty graduates, eighteen are dead; Directory of the Department of Pharmacy. 127 eleven have not furnished sufficient information to determine their present occupation. Twenty-two are in business in no sense con nected with pharmacy. Three are chemists and assayers ; four are professors of chemistry, pharmacy, or bacteriology; twenty- five are practicing physicians (including three who are still med ical students). The rest are pharmacists, very many of them as proprietors and a few as wholesale druggists. The practice of the Board of Trust has varied considerably in regard to the certificate or diploma of graduation. Since 1894 it has given the degree of Pharmaceutical Chemist (Ph.C). CLASS OF 1880. D1ploma 1n Pharmacy. 1 Hobbs, Tarleton Craig, merchant and pharmacist in Hansgen & Fulton Co Anchorage, Ky. 2 *Woolridge, Frank Buckner. Died at Hopkinsville, Ky., a few years after his graduation. CLASS OF 1881. D1ploma 1n Pharmacy. 3 Cook, William Brown; when last heard from was proprietor of a pharmacy at Hazlehurst, Miss. 4 Eves, Robert Lee, pharmacist Nashville, Tenn. M.D. 5 *Gray, Samuel Bowen. Was a pharmacist for a number of years with Demoville & Co., then for several years with other firms in Nashville; the last three years of his life he was with Voigt Bros., Chattanooga; he died in 1893 or 1894. 6 Gunnels, James Newton, proprietor in Gunnels Drug Co.. Oxford, Ala. A.B. 7 Gunnels, John Nathan, proprietor in Gunnels Drug Co. . . Oxford, Ala. A.B. 8 Mullins, Frank Marion, physician Fort Worth, Tex. M.D. "83 (Bellevue). 9 Porter, Fred Thomas St. Louis, Mo. 10 Warner, James W., proprietor Warner Drug Co ... . Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1882. Bachelor of Pharmacy. 11 Fleming, Robert Thompson Nashville, Tenn. 12 Marmaduke, James M., pharmacist. Deep Water, Mo., and Deaderick, Mo. 128 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 13 McGill, John Thomas, Professor of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Vanderbilt University; Dean of the Department of Pharmacy. B.S. '89, Ph.D. '81. 14 Waller, James K, grain dealer Morganfield, Ky. 15 *Westbrook, Charles Wesley. Practiced pharmacy for several years, and then became a surveyor; he died at Tucker's Gap, Tenn., March 27, 1894. B.S. '79 (Cumberland University). CLASS OF 1883. Graduate 1n Pharmacy. 16 Bloomstein, Max, pharmacist Nashville, Tenn. 17 Bowman, Ira, physician Centreville, La. M.D. '86 (Vanderbilt University). 18 *Kerr, Joseph Edwards. Was proprietor of a pharmacy in Murfreesboro, Tenn.; he died in 1892. 19 *Willis, Morris Cady. Was a pharmacist in Waco, Tex., where he died July 17, 1892. 20 Winn, Thomas Huggins, rice planter Lake Arthur, La. CLASS OF 1884. Graduate 1n Pharmacy. 21 Bpwling, Louis, physician Black Betsey, W. Va. B.S., M.D. '97 (Kentucky School of Medicine). 22 Cooke, John G., fire insurance and real estate agent. Bowling Green, Ky. 23 *Johnson, Joseph E. Proprietor in the firm of Johnson & Smith, pharmacists, McKinney, Tex. ; died there in 1887. 24 Kellogg, James C. Physician, assistant in Professor Unna's Clinic of Dermatology, Hamburg, Germany; 1898. M.D. '88 (Vanderbilt University). 25 *Linn, Horace Blanton. Proprietor of pharmacy; died at Canton, Mo., January 23, 1901. 26 Milner, James W., pharmacist Florence, Ala. 27 Smith, Harry Q., pharmacist McKinney, Tex. CLASS OF 1885. Graduate 1n Pharmacy. 28 Beach, Charles Henry, pharmacist Eufaula, Ala. 29 Breeden, Bland Ballard, pharmacist Paducah, Ky. 30 Elam, Edward Everett, proprietor in Elam Drug Company. Anniston, Ala. Directory of the Department of Pharmacy. 129 31 *Gray, Pleasant. Took the Founder's Medal; graduated in the Medical Department in 1887; practiced medicine in Dallas, Tex.; he died at Terrell, Tex., January 31, 1897. M.D. '87 (Vanderbilt University). 32 Hunter, Joseph Howell, proprietor of Red Drug Store. 1897. Birmingham, Ala. 33 Lide, Leslie, pharmacist in Lide & Cheatham Meridian, Miss. CLASS OF 1886. Graduate 1n Pharmacy. 34 Baker, William Allen; was in Atlanta, Ga., in 1886. 35 Chaney, Holcomb DuBose, pharmacist Rosedale, Miss. 36 Follansbee, James Soule, pharmacist, with G. H. Wade. Bluefield, W. Va. 37 Harrison, John Tyler, physician San Antonio, Tex. M.D. '96 (Barnes Medical College, St. Louis). 38 Howard, Charles Malone, President of People's Savings Bank. Selma, Ala. 39 Hunter, Wright, broker P. O. box 333, Savannah, Ga. 40 Justus, William Hicks, pharmacist Hendersonville, N. C. 41 Karr, James W. ; was in Memphis, Tenn., in 1886. 42 Robbins, James Marion, pharmacist Little Rock, Ark. 43 Robinson, Charles, Postmaster Earlington, Ky. 44 Strong, William Catlett, Principal of Central Business College. Paducah, Ky. 45 Warden, Ralph Lincoln, proprietor in Warden & Warden, druggists. Nevada, Mo. 46 Watkins, John Lindsey, physician Nashville, Tenn. M.D. '82 (Vanderbilt University). 47 *Winans, Harry E. Died at Bowling Green, Ky., October 12, 1893. 48 Yarbrough, Walter Spain, proprietor in Warren- Yarbrough Paint and Glass Co Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1887. Graduate 1n Pharmacy. 49 Davis, Edward Benjamin Chicago, Ill. 50 Dean, Henry Elmore, pharmacist. 1895 Flat Creek, Tenn. 51 Faulk, William Hannibal, traveling for I. L. Lyons & Co., wholesale druggists, New Orleans, La Address, Monroe, La. 52 Felder, Rufus Jesse, pharmacist Yoakum, Tex. 53 Goff, Sidney Johnston, proprietor and President of Cottonwood Mer cantile Co Cottonwood, Ala. 130 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 54 Hollinshead, Warren Henry, Instructor in Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tenn. D.Sc. '01. 55 Landrum, Joseph Ashbury Shores, proprietor in Williams & Landrum, pharmacists Cotulla, Tex. 56 *Pool, Robert Lee. Died at San Jacinto, Cal., February 17, 1892. 57 *Ramser, Major L. Member of the firm of Ramser, Blair & Co., Eufaula, Ala.; died October 13, 1896. 58 Swayne, Tchudi Thompson, pharmacist Hickman, Ky. 59 Taylor, Walter Thomas, in charge of the laboratory of F. W. Braun. Los Angeles, Cal. 60 Vaughn, Frank Nolen, agent of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York Nashville, Tenn. 61 Zernow, Andrew John, pharmacist at 1214 Walnut Street, Kansas City, Mo., in 1888. It is believed that he afterwards went to Charleston, S. C. CLASS OF 1888. Graduate 1n Pharmacy. 62 Barr, Samuel Martin, pharmacist in Max Bloomstein's pharmacy. Nashville, Tenn. 63 Bloomstein, Samuel M., physician Nashville, Tenn. M.D. '96 (University of Nashville). 64 Childress, George Chapman, analytical chemist Knoxville, Tenn. B.S. 65 *Davis, William Daniel. Member of the firm of Davis & Bro., hardware, Griffin, Ga. ; died June 3, 1901. 66 Fisher, Drury Alexander, insurance and real estate agent, 64 Madison Street Memphis, Tenn. 67 Goodman, Isidore, pharmacist 607 Main Street, Houston, Tex. 68 Hermes, William, Jr., pharmacist La Grange, Tex. 69 Moore, Neal H., pharmacist Bonham, Tex. 70 Shearon, Marion Wood, traveling for Lyles-Black Co., wholesale dry goods Nashville, Tenn. 71 Sloan, Thomas Adam, pharmacist. 1888 McDonough, Ga. 72 Small, James B., pharmacist Winona, Miss. 73 Wiggers, Oscar E., with E. Wiggers, jeweler Nashville, Tenn. 74 Wilkinson, Edgar H., pharmacist. 413 Crockett Street, San Antonio, Tex. 75 Williams, John Bryant, Jr., pharmacist Mansfield, La. CLASS OF 1889. Graduate 1n Pharmacy. 76 Anderson, Jo, pharmacist Chattanooga, Tenn. 77 Burtwell, Henry James, assayer Home address, Florence, Ala. Directory of the Department of Pharmacy. 131 78 Butler, Samuel Goode, pharmacist Shelbyville, Tenn. 79 Carr, Will Lafoece, pharmacist Pine Bluff, Ark. 80 Clement, William Richard, physician Oklahoma City, Okla. M.D. '92 (University of Louisville). 81 Davis, Samuel C., pharmacist Nashville, Tenn. 82 Fite, Albert Norman, pharmacist with Warner Drug Company. Nashville, Tenn. 83 Gannaway, William Robertson, in charge of the laboratory of the Morris-Morton Drug Co Ft. Smith, Ark. 84 Grasty, William Frederick, pharmacist, with W. S. Johnson. Henderson, Ky. 85 *LaCroix, Joseph. Died in Memphis, Tenn., January 26, 1892. 86 Maxwell, James Harvey, proprietor of Union Depot Drug Store. Austin, Tex. 87 McLean, Samuel Rice, pharmacist Fort Worth, Tex. 88 Pryor, Edward Wesson, proprietor in J. H. & E. W. Pryor. Hamburg, Ark. 89 Usher, Frank M., regimental surgeon Philippine Islands. M.D. 90 Winter, Wilborn Roper, physician Lebanon, Tenn. M.D. '90 (Vanderbilt University). CLASS OF 1890. Graduate 1n ' Pharmacy. 91 Armstrong, John Knox, Manager of Winston County Bank. Louisville, Miss. 92 Eberhart, Charles Emanuel, pharmacist Dickson, Tenn. 93 Ehlinger, Otto, physician La Grange, Tex. M.D. '00 (Tulane). 94 Goodloe, John Russell, physician and surgeon Demopolis, Ala. B.P., M.D. '97 (Vanderbilt University). 95 Kirkland, Charles B., in the Advertising Department of Collier's Weekly New York. 96 Stevens, Walter Herbert, pharmacist, with E. L. Clough Drug Co. Beaumont, Tex. CLASS OF 1891. Graduate 1n Pharmacy. 97 Brown, Wiley Bush, chemist for the Meridian Fertilizer Co. A.B. Meridian, Miss. 98 *Kiehn, Otto. Died at Hallettsville, Tex., September 25, 1902. 99 White, Samuel Hale Brooksville, Fla. 132 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. CLASS OF 1892. Graduate 1n Pharmacy. 100 Coffey, John W., pharmacist Culleoka, Tenn. 101 Hanner, Louis P., proprietor in Perkins & Hanner. .. .Gallatin, Tenn. M.D. '93 (Vanderbilt University). 102 *Hoffman, Louis B. ; accidentally killed on an electric car in Nashville, Tenn., November 26, 1892. 103 Orme, James H., proprietor in firm of Woods & Orme, pharmacists. Marion, Ky. 104 Reynolds, Robert W., Inspector of Customs Eagle Pass, Tex. CLASS OF 1893. Graduate 1n Pharmacy. 105 Bradley, Q. Oswald, pharmacist Dallas, Tex. 106 Burchfiel, Elijah G., pharmacist East Lake, Ala. 107 Creech, John Calhoun, pharmacist, proprietor in Creech & Co. B.S. Barnwell, S. C. 108 Lerman, Eugene D., merchant Athens, Ala. 109 Pitman, James H., physician Jacksonville, Fla. M.D. '99 (Vanderbilt University), no Smith, Adam C., pharmacist Carrollton, Mo. 1 1 1 Taylor, Eugene H., pharmacist Greenville, Miss. 112 Tucker, Simuel C, pharmacist, proprietor in Bufkin & Cadenhead. Hattiesburg, Miss. 113 Walker, Richard W., proprietor in R. W. Walker & Co. Paducah, Ky. CLASS OF 1894. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 114 Baker, Dicia H., physician Birmingham, Ala. M.D. '98 (Laura Memorial Medical College, Cincinnati). 115 Fly, James M., Jr., pharmacist, with Hopkins & Bethea. Meridian, Miss. 1 16 Nichols, Zero W., pharmacist Brevard, N. C. 117 Schott, Ernest J., pharmacist Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1895. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 118 Hutton, Ernest M., pharmacist Nashville, Tenn. 119 McLaurine, George E., proprietor in Muskogee Drug Co. Muskogee, Ind. T. 120 *McKee, John W. Interne at Cincinnati Hospital, 1898-99; elected Instructor in Physi ology in Cross Medical College, Denver, Colo., 1899; died at Denver, Colo., September 21, 1899. M.D. '98 (Medical College of Ohio). Directory of the Department of Pharmacy. 133 121 Rees, Harry, physician Murfreesboro, Tenn. M.D. '98 (Vanderbilt University). 122 Rosenwig, Abe S., member of Rosenwig Bros., clothiers. Nashville, Tenn. 123 Serger, Paul E., pharmacist Seguin, Tex. 124 West, Olin, physician and Professor of Chemistry in the Dental De partment, and Adjunct Professor of Chemistry in the Medical De partment of Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tenn. M.D. '98 (Vanderbilt University). CLASS OF 1896. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 125 Anderson, William Edward, physician Chattanooga, Tenn. M.D. '98 (Vanderbilt University). 126 Cook, Mose Lusk, pharmacist Nashville, Tenn. M.D. '98 (Vanderbilt University). 127 Cushing, Daniel, Supervisor Block System between Del Rio and El Paso, Tex. Headquarters at Del Rio, Tex. B.M.E. 128 Farias, Raymundo Alfonso, pharmacist Lerdo, Durango, Mexico. 129 Fort, Mannie Almanza, physician Macon, Ga. A.B., M.D. 130 Fox, Albert W., Manager Jordan City Pharmacy Columbus, Ga. 131 Odom, Thomas Lee, pharmacist, proprietor in Odom & Gibner. Lindale, Tex. 132 Sumpter, Joseph Rhea, proprietor in Sumpter-Shelton Chemical Co. Nashville, Tenn. 133 Whitsett, Emmett Lyons, pharmacist Floresville, Tex. CLASS OF 1897. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 134 Goree, Robert Breckenridge, pharmacist Orange, Tex. 135 Griffin, Harry Hammond, assistant physician South Carolina Hospital for Insane Columbia, S. C. M.D. '02 (Medical College State of South Carolina). 136 Harrison, George Wilson, Jr., pharmacist, proprietor in Harrison- Bancroft Drug Co Bessemer, Ala. CLASS OF 1898. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 137 Bostick, John Benton, hospital steward U. S. Navy, U. S. R. S. In dependence Mare Island, Cal. 138 Moore, Randolph Gilbert, pharmacist, proprietor in R. H. Moore & Son Franklin, Ky. A.B. 134 Vanderbilt University ^uarterlyy. 139 Snow, Euclid, pharmacist, with Warner Drug Co Nashville, Tenn. 140 Zimmermann, Theophilus A. G. A., for some time pharmacist in City Dispensary, Terre Haute, Ind. CLASS OF 1899. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 141 Ancrum, James Hasell, proprietor in Seawell & Ancrum. Pine Bluff, Ark. 142 Oxford, Benjamin C., pharmacist, with Dewberry & Sons. Birmingham, Ala. 143 Peyton, Joseph Wharton, pharmacist Shreveport, La. 144 Serger, Frank W., pharmacist, proprietor in Appmann & Serger. San Antonio, Tex. 145 Weise, Frank, Jr., pharmacist, with Frank Weise Nashville, Tenn. 146 White, William R., pharmacist, with L. Rascoe & Co . Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1900. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 147 Alcorn, Clara Frances (has been teaching at Los Angeles, Cal., the past year) Olney, Ill. 148 Brown, John Wilcox, pharmacist, with American Drug Co. New Orleans, La. 149 Hart, Joseph, pharmacist, with Hamner & Ballard Memphis, Tenn. 150 Heard, Edward T., manager of drug store for B. D. Avery. Itta Bena, Miss. 151 Hunnicutt, Martha Emily, in office of Southern Cultivator. Atlanta, Ga. 152 Mayfield, Leonard E., pharmacist Columbus, Miss. 153 Smith, James W., pharmacist, member of Board of Pharmacy. Stephenville, Tex. 154 Smith, Richard, pharmacist, proprietor in Woolridge & Co. Columbia, Tenn. 155 Vance, Thomas J., pharmacist, with J. W. Peyton Shreveport, La. CLASS OF 1901. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 156 Brewer, Bertie Augustus, proprietor in Kennedy & Brewer. Arcadia, La. 157 Eason, Andrew Wilson, proprietor in Eason Bros. .Greenwood, Miss. A.B. 158 *Jetton, Robert Lee. Died at Mayfield, Ky., August 3, 1903. 159 Justice, J. Edwin, pharmacist Nashville, Tenn. 160 Kerr, Byron B., proprietor in H. H. & B. B. Kerr. Murfreesboro, Tenn. 161 Kimmins, Robert, pharmacist Bellbuckle, Term. Directory of the Department of Pharmacy. 135 162 Little, John Britton, pharmacist, proprietor in Black & Little. Honey Grove, Tex. 163 Loftis, Zenas Sanford* in Medical Department of Vanderbilt Univer sity Nashville, Tenn. 164 McRee, John I., proprietor in Clopton & McRee Helena, Ark. 165 Martin, William Frank, pharmacist, with Morris & Dickson Co. Shreveport, La. 166 Pritchard, Arthur Conyngton Pullman, Wash. 167 Smith, Albert Lafayette, proprietor in Vickers & Smith. B.S. Murfreesboro, Tenn. 168 Taylor, Oscar M., proprietor in Farmerville Drug Co. . Farmerville, La. 169 Ware, Harry Child, apothecary, U. S. S. Rainbow. Brooklyn Navy Yard. 170 Whipple, Clifford Tilden, pharmacist, with Livingston's Pharmacy. A.B. Savannah, Ga. CLASS OF 1902. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 171 Adams, Stanley Racy, proprietor in Adams & Lewis ... Lehigh, Ind. T. 172 Ellis, James E., pharmacist, Provident Drug Co Waco, Tex. 173 Humphries, Eugene Percy, with Refuge Cotton Oil Co. Columbus, Miss. 174 Hutcherson, John Pinkney, proprietor in charge of laboratory of Paris Candy and Bottling Co Paris, Tex. 175 Jeter, Jesse Bell, pharmacist Memphis, Tenn. 176 Litterer, William, Jr., Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology, Medical Department of Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tenn. A.M., M.D. '01 (Vanderbilt University). 177 McDavid, David A., pharmacist, with Parlor Drug Store. Gulfport, Miss. 178 McDougal, John Daniel, pharmacist, with McDougal Drug Co. Savannah, Tenn. 179 *McGredy, Frank G. Died at Nashville, Tenn., July 7, 1906. 180 Mcllvain, Edgar Stanley, physician Nashville, Tenn. M.D. '05 (Vanderbilt University). 181 Neil, D. Hardee, pharmacist Nashville, Tenn. 182 Sadler, George Marion, proprietor in Askew-Coulter-Owen Drug Co. Clarksville, Tenn. 183 Setzer, Everette Glenn, pharmacist, with Hale-Jervis Drug Co. Rome, Ga. 184 Shannon, John Dudley, pharmacist, with Voigt Bros. Chattanooga, Tenn. 185 Shofner, Warren Davis, pharmacist, with Bennett-Shofner Co. Florence, Tex. 186 Stutts, Jesse Walker, proprietor in J. W. Stutts Drug Co. Florence, Ala. 136 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 187 Tabb, Winfield Bates, proprietor in Moore & Tabb Houston, Miss. 188 Webb, Anderson Miller, pharmacist Nashville, Tenn. M.D. 189 Young, David John, on ranch Delfina, Tex. CLASS OF 1903. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 190 Allen, Clyde Witherspoon, pharmacist, with Cantrell & Young. Huntsville, Ala. 191 Chanslor, Isaac F., Manager Millersburg Pharmacy.. Millersburg, Ky. 192 Clark, Ernest Elbert, pharmacist Mineral Wells, Tex. 193 Darby, Marvin H., pharmacist Sheffield, Ala. 194 Harrison, Thaddeus, proprietor in Harrison-Bancroft Drug Co. Ph.M. '05. Bessemer, Ala. 195 Holt, Lewis Herbert, pharmacist, with Tulane Pharmacy. Ph.M. '05. Nashville, Tenn. 196 Hopkins, Harry Harold, pharmacist, proprietor in Harvie & Hopkins. Clarksville, Tenn. 197 Jackson, Charles Lafayette, proprietor in Jackson & Collaspy. Newton, Miss. 198 Joseph, Edward I., Manager of Woodville Drug Co. . Woodville, Miss. 199 King, Leon Major, pharmacist, with Justice Drug Co. Greensboro, N. C. 200 Laupheimer, Richard Davis, pharmacist Memphis, Tenn. 201 Mathis, Joseph Thomas, pharmacist, with A. G. Cassell Drug Co. Vicksburg, Miss. 202 Nickel, Daisy Ida, pharmacist, with A. Nickel Nashville, Tenn. 203 Norton, Urban Lafayette, pharmacist, with J. H. & E. W. Pryor. Hamburg, Ark. 204 Rutherford, Griffin Wright, pharmacist, with J. L. Rutherford. Mt. Vernon, Tex. 205 Uffelman, Thomas N., pharmacist, with Max Bloomstein. Nashville, Tenn. CLASS OF 1904. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 206 Ayers, Albert John, Professor of Pharmacy in Mercer University. Macon, Ga. 207 Bankston, Leighton Alton, pharmacist, with W. E. Kelly. Winona, Miss. 208 Benedict, Andrew B., with Nashville Trust Co Nashville, Tenn. 209 Burnett, Obadiah Stewart, pharmacist, with Dr. A. M. Webb. Nashville, Tenn. 210 Colgin, Irwin Edward, in Medical Department of Tulane University. New Orleans, La. 211 Hearn, Edgar Robert, pharmacist, with M. H. Knox .. Memphis, Tenn. Directory of the Department of Pharmacy. 1 37 212 Kawasaki, Chikao, chemist and druggist, exporter and importer of chemicals and drugs Furukawacho-Sanjo, Kyoto, Japan. 213 Kirk, Elliott W., physician. 214 Meyer, Percy Bernard, proprietor in Meyer Drug Co., Ltd. Shreveport, La. 215 Patton, William F., in Medical Department of Tulane University. New Orleans, La. 216 Peyton, Burt F., pharmacist, with West End Drug Store. Shreveport, La. 217 Rhea, James Long, pharmacist for the T. & P. Hospital. Marshall, Tex. 218 Short, Edward Reynolds Pulaski, Tenn. 219 Smiser, Robert Wallace, pharmacist Anniston, Ala. 220 Smith, Jay Fisk, with Colbran & Bostwick, bankers Seoul, Korea. 221 Yell, Warren Starns, pharmacist Wartrace, Tenn. CLASS OF 1905. Master of Pharmacy. 194 Harrison, Thaddeus. Ph.C. '03. 195 Holt, Lewis Herbert. Ph.C. '03. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 222 Barrett, Garrard Montjoy, proprietor in Barrett & Quinn. Schlater, Miss. 223 Buchi, Henry August, pharmacist, with W. W. Taylor. Nashville, Tenn. 224 Flake, William Lee, pharmacist, with S. S. Spencer. Water Valley, Miss. 225 Harding, John William, Manager Brandon Drug Co.. Brandon, Miss. 226 Koch, William Theodore, pharmacist Seguin, Tex. 227 McSwain, Isaac Marvin, pharmacist, with McSwain Bros. Paris, Tenn. 228 Morris, Toy Earle, proprietor in Gulfport Drug Co Gulf port, Miss. B.S. 229 Stovall, Gilbert Spencer, pharmacist Hattiesburg, Miss. 230 Ware, James Clarence, pharmacist, with Eastland Drug Co. Forest, Miss. 231 Whetstone, Putnam Darden, pharmacist, with Harrison & Raiford Drug Co Vicksburg, Miss. CLASS OF 1906. Pharmaceut1cal Chem1st. 232 Anderson, MacDowell Woodville, Miss. 233 Joseph, Jacob Gunst Natchez, Miss. 138 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 234 McGill, John Macon, pharmacist, with Hugh Moncrief Drug Co. Prescott, Ark. 235 Oglesby, Robert McGrady, pharmacist, with Bartow Drug Co. Bartow, Fla. 236 Parrish, Buford K Mansfield, La. 237 Scott, Ernest James Mendenhall, Miss. B.S. 238 Shull, Joseph Walker, pharmacist, with Mayo & Weaver. Columbus, Miss. 239 Smith, Robert Henry, physician Ferris, Tex. M. D. (Vanderbilt). 240 Willis, William Smith, pharmacist, with Citronelle Drug Co. Citronelle, Ala. OBITUARIES. B1shop A. Coke Sm1th. Alexander Coke Smith was born in Sumter County, S. C., September 16, 1849. He was graduated from Wofford College with the degree of A.M. in 1872. Joining the South Carolina Conference immediately thereafter, he filled appointments as pasto* in succeeding years at Cheraw, Columbia, Greenville, and Charleston, and as presiding elder in the Columbia District. In 1886 he was elected Professor of Moral Philosophy in Wofford College. The General Conference of 1890, of which he was a member, elected him one of the three Missionary Sec retaries. After a few months' service in this office he resigned to accept the Chair of Practical Theology in Vanderbilt Univer sity, becoming also Acting Professor of Mental and Moral Phi losophy. His duties as professor did not exempt him from preaching, and he soon found that he could not give proper attention to his work at the University if he yielded to the frequent calls of this kind. Feeling that he should choose between the two and devote himself unreservedly to one or the other, he chose preaching; and at the end of two years he resigned his chair and entered again upon pastoral work. He served three and a half years at Norfolk, four years at Lynchburg, then again at Norfolk two years until his election to the episcopacy in 1902. It is worthy of mention also that he was the fraternal delegate of his Church to the Methodist Church of Canada in 1898, and was sent by the Obituaries. 139 General Conference as a member to the Ecumenical Conference which met in Washington in 1891 and in London in 1901. He preached the commencement sermon at Vanderbilt in 1901. The most striking of Bishop Smith's characteristics may be summarized as his unfailing good humor and cheerfulness under all circumstances, the readiness with which he illustrated with clean, apropos, entertaining anecdotes every topic of conversa tion, yet made no use of them in his sermons, and his rare com bination of those qualities of mind and heart that make a preacher successful and a pastor beloved. In the administration of the duties of the high office to which he was last called he would have visited the various Conferences, and his power as a preach er would have become recognized throughout the Church, but ill health impaired his strength, limited the field of his usefulness, and soon brought his work to an end. He died at Asheville De cember 27, 1906. His wife and eight children survive. They live at Norfolk, the home of Bishop Smith during his last years, where he was greatly loved and honored and where he is buried. B1shop John C. Granbery. Bishop Granbery was for seven years a professor in Vander bilt University. From 1875 to l%&2 ne nUed the Chair of Prac tical Theology and had charge of the School of Mental and Moral Philosophy first as Acting Professor and during the last two years as Professor. Political economy was at that time in cluded in the philosophy course. He taught in the room of College Hall now used by the Sec retary. His text-books were Hamilton's Metaphysics, Bowen's Logic, Walker's Science of Wealth, Calderwood's Ethics, and Butler's Analogy. His method of teaching was to assign a lesson in the text-book, then lecture on the subject from a synop sis which he wrote on the blackboard. His lectures were de livered in simple, clear, logical style, and sometimes with con siderable animation. His family, consisting of himself, his wife, and four small children, lived in the residence now occupied by Professor and Mrs. Tolman. Their home was one of simple comfort, quiet, and refinement. Dr. Granbery's life and work on the campus seemed so con 10 140 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. genial to his tastes, and so satisfactory to all concerned, that it scarcely occurred to any one that he might go away from the University ; and his election to the episcopacy at the General Conference of 1882 therefore came as a surprise to the Univer sity community. Had he followed his own wishes and not the dictates of his conscience, he probably would have remained at the University; and had he been elected to any other office, he could not have accepted it without a general protest on the part of the authorities and the students. As it was, he retained a connection with the University. By virtue of his office of bishop he became a member of the Board of Trust, and his knowledge of University affairs made his opinions and counsel in that body of especial value. He made it a point to attend its meetings whenever it was possible, and manifested always a deep interest in the welfare of the University. In 1882 he preached the commencement sermon. He deliv ered the Cole Lectures in 1900, taking as his subject, "Experi ence the Crowning Evidence of the Christian Religion." John Cowper Granbery was born in Norfolk, Va., December 5, 1829. He was graduated from Randolph-Macon College in 1848. From this time until the breaking out of the Civil War, in 1861, he was an itinerant preacher in the Virginia Confer ence. He served as a chaplain in the Army of Virginia during the war, and received in battle a wound which caused the loss of one of his eyes. Resuming pastoral work at the close of the war, he filled ap pointments at Petersburg and Richmond until 1875. The next seven years were spent at Vanderbilt University. Elected a bishop in 1882, he performed actively the duties of the office until 1902, when he retired on account of failing health. He married Miss Ella Winston, of Virginia, November 17, 1862. They lived after his election to the episcopacy for a year or more in Richmond, then for five years in St. Louis, and after 1890 in Ashland, Va. Mrs. Granbery died November 1, 1906. A beautiful memorial of her, written by Bishop Granbery him self, was lately published in the Nashville Christian Advocate. Bishop Granbery was the last of the former incumbents of the Chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy to pass away, all having become bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and Alumni Notes. 141 all dying in the same year and within the period of five months. He died April 1, 1907, and was laid at rest in the family lot in Hollyrood Cemetery, Richmond, Va. There survive Mrs. Ella Tucker, of Brazil; Rev. J. C. Granbery; and Winston Henry Granbery. ALUMNI NOTES. '84-86 A. — Percy Galbreath, who is engaged in business in Memphis, was married on October 17 to Miss Kate, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John T. Chadwell, of Nashville, Tenn. Mr. Gal breath has been a popular bachelor member of the Vanderbilt Alumni Association of Memphis. Miss Chadwell was a student of English at the University in 'o1-'o2. '86— H. H. White, B.A., LL.B. '87, of Alexandria, La., has re signed his position as professor of Civil Law in Tulane University, having been appointed to important attorneyships which would in terfere with the performance of his professorial duties. '88 — John Bell Keeble, LL.B., professor in the Law Depart ment, delivered an address on "Adherence to Established Politi cal Principles" by invitation on the occasion of the twenty-fourth annual banquet of the Chicago Real Estate Board at the Audito rium Hotel, in Chicago, on January 17. '91 — Edward T. Seay, LL.B. (Founder's Medalist), of Gallatin, where he has been engaged in the practice of law since his grad uation, has been appointed assistant district attorney for the Louisville and Nashville Railroad to succeed Judge John W. Judd, who retires from active law practice though retaining his professorship in the Law Department. In his new position Mr. Seay will be associated with Mr. John Bell Keeble in the district attorney's office at Nashville. '92 — C. L. Sullivan, M.D., formerly of Waverly, Tenn., has removed to Nashville, Tenn., and has been appointed to the chair of Physical Diagnosis in the Medical Department of the Univer sity of Tennessee. 142 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. '92 — Dr. R. P. McReynolds, B.S., was married on December 12, 1906, to Miss Frances Cornelia, daughter of Mrs. B. F. Coulter, of Los Angeles, Cal. '93"'95 A. — Milton J. Anderson, formerly of Jasper and Chat tanooga, who is now practicing law in Memphis, was married on November 21, 1906, to Miss Martha Blanche, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James K. Porter, of Memphis. '93-'96 E. — William G. Ames visited the University recently on his way back to Cuba. Since leaving college Ames has worked in New York, whe1e he rose to a position of responsi bility in the Metropolitan Railway, and in Cuba, since the Spanish War, where he has been employed first by the Havana Railway, and later by the Cuban Company, which is building the "backbone railway" of the Pearl of the Antilles. Ames has just been ad vanced from the post of superintendent of maintenance of the railway to that of superintendent of construction of the com pany's large sugar mill, now building at Ciego de Avila. He is now associated in various enterprises with the son of Sir William Van Home, of Canada, president of the Cuban Company, and has land holdings to the extent of two thousand acres which have become exceedingly valuable. Ames has also had gratifying suc cess at stock-raising as a side venture. He is married and has one child, a son. Present address, Ciego de Avila, Cuba. '94 — Harry S. Vaughn, D.D.S., has removed his office from Kansas City to Nashville. '94— John H. DeWitt, B.A., LL.B. (Columbian University), has been elected President of the General Council by the National Convention of the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity. He has been prominent for a number of years in the National Convention, and has been several times elected editor of the fraternity journal, The Scroll. '95-'98 A — Charles W. Strother, who has been established as a lawyer in Yreka, Cal., for several years, was married, on Decem ber 31, 1906, at Los Angeles, Cal., to Miss Nancye, daughter of Mrs. Harriet Arnold, formerly of Williamstown, Ky. '95 — Olin West, Ph.C. (M.D. '98), who is a practicing physician in Nashville and Professor of Chemistry in the Department of Alumni Notes. 143 Dentistry and Adjunct Professor of Chemistry and Materia Medi- ca in the Medical Department of Vanderbilt University, was mar ried on July 17, 1906, to Miss Susie Hunter, daughter of Mrs. R. A. Young, of Nashville. '95-'98 E. — Clarence S. Young, who is in the employ of E. H. Abadie & Co., a large engineering firm in St. Louis, last sum mer completed a survey with maps and drawings for the line of the New Orleans and Baton Rouge Electric Railroad, ninety miles long, which is to be built to connect these two cities. The line parallels closely the line of the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad, and the task of surveying and making the necessary maps occupied but thirty days. '96-98 A — Judson C. McLester was married on March 12, 1907, to Miss Bertha, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. I. G. Campbell, of Nashville. '96 — Frank M. Bass, LL.B., assistant attorney-general far Davidson County, has been appointed by Governor Cox to the position of attorney-general made vacant by the resignation of Edwin A. Price, who was elected in 1902 for a term of eight years. Mr. Price ('81-'82 L.) will devote himself to private practice in Nashville, having formed a partnership with John T. Lellyett, LL.B. '83. '98 — George J. Nunn, B.A. (M.A. '99), is located at Amarillo, Tex., where he conducts a literary school and a business college, having had much success in both. It is reported also that he has been exceedingly fortunate in a number of real estate transactions. '99 — J. A. Goodson, M.D., of Dixon, Ky., was married on March 6, 1907, to Miss Lalla Rookh, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Milton Rascoe, of Roaring Springs, Ky. '02- '04 A — Deems Riddle, who is now with the Tennesse Mill ing Company, with large flour mills at Estill Springs, Tenn., was married on January 29, to Miss Martha, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John W. Thomas, Jr., of Nashville. '02 — Miss Martha M. Maney, B.S., who has been for several years a teacher in Peace Institute, Raleigh, N. C., was married at the home of her parents in Nashville, Tenn., on September 26, 144 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 1906, to Thomas Maslin, Assistant Secretary of the Wachovia Loan and Trust Company, Winston-Salem, N. C. '02 — Marvin Early Holderness, B.A., who has for two years been bursar of the University, entered on July 1 into the banking department of the First Trust and Savings Company, a new organization in which the capitalists of the First National Bank, of Nashville, are interested. He is succeeded as bursar by J. Ed Hart, '85-'88 A., lately paying teller of the First National Bank, who seeks the less confining position on account of his health. '02 — G. G. Marshall, B.A., is now associated with the Trades man Publishing Company, St. Louis, Mo., an organization en gaged in the publication of the Dry Goodsman, the Shoe and Leather Gazette, and other trade journals. '02 — A. M. Patterson, B.A., who is practicing law in Mem phis, Tenn., was married on September 26, 1906, to Miss Ethel Robinson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Pitkin Bronson, formerly of Nashville, and now of Chester, 1ll. Miss Bronson was also a student in the University from '99 to '01. '03 — Allen H. Hughey, B.A., was married on October 31, 1906, to Miss Bess, daughter of Mrs. J. H. Caruthers, of Weath- erford, Tex. Mr. Hughey is a student in the Law Department of George Washington University and also has a civil service posi tion as editorial clerk in the office of the United States Geological Survey. '03 — Albert Johnson Morgan, B.A., of the Morgan School, Fayetteville, Tenn., was married on July 25, 1906, to Miss Mary, daughter of Mrs. W. D. L. Record, of Lynchburg, Tenn. '03 — Lewis Davies Lowe, B.D., was married on December 20, 1906, to Miss Bessie Anderson, daughter of Rev. and Mrs. Rob ert James Craig, now of Goodlettsville, Tenn. Miss Craig was a student in the Academic Department in the years 1899-1902. Mr. Lowe is pastor of the Methodist Church at Miami, Fla., in the Florida Conference. '03 — B. L. Burdette, M.D., who served in the Philippines as a member of the First Tennessee Regiment, has been appointed to Alumni JVbtes. 145 a position in the United States Medical Service upon a competi tive examination and has been assigned to duty in Manila, P. I. '03 — J. H. Eastland, M.D., formerly of Waco, Tex., and more recently assistant physician of the Texas State Insane Asylum, and surgeon in the Texas National Guard, has been appointed by the Governor of Texas to take a one year's course in the govern ment medical school at Washington. '03 — J. H. Dorroh, B.E., who has for some time been with Kirkpatrick & Johnson, of Jackson, Miss., is now assistant in drawing and civil engineering at the University of Mississippi. '03 — Earl F. Scott, B.E. (M.E. '06), was married on Novem ber 21, 1906, to Miss Nina Viola, daughter of Mr. Frederick W. Elmer, of Biloxi, Miss. They will reside in New Orleans, where Mr. Scott is engaged as an engineer. '03— John Walter Shackford, B.A. (Randolph-Macon), B.D., was married at Waynesville, N. C, on February 14, to Miss Love Branner, daughter of Bishop and Mrs. James Atkins. Miss At kins was a student in the Academic Department of the University in 'gg-'o2. Mr. Shackford was for several years after his gradua tion engaged in general denominational work, organizing the young people of the Churches and colleges for mission study and work. He is now a member of the Virginia Conference, and is pastor of a Church in Lynchburg, Va. '04 — Connor Easley Gray, M.D., now located in Seattle, Wash., was married on January 1, 1907, to Miss Jessie Mai Handy, of Hutchinson, Kans. '04 — Albert Smith Dabney, M.D., who is located in practice at Golden Pond, Ky., was married on October 25, 1906, to Mrs. Nannie Baxter Overton, daughter of Judge Ed Baxter, of Nash ville, Tenn. '04 — C. F. McKenzie, M.D., who has been practicing medicine in Nashville since his graduation, has gone to Kiuhwa, China, under appointment of the American Baptist Mission Union as a medical missionary. '04 — Frank K. Houston, B.S., who has been for several years Secretary of the Tennessee State Bankers' Association, with his 146 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. office in Nashville, has resigned that position to become Second Assistant Cashier of the First National Bank, of Nashville, Tenn. '04 — Douglas M. Wright, B.S., paying teller of the First Na tional Bank of Nashville, was married on November 17, 1906, to Miss Margaret Eakin Fall, daughter of Mrs. Thomas H. Ma- lone, of Nashville. '04- '06 A — John Thompson, Jr., was married on January 3, 1907, to Miss Margarette, daughter of Mrs. John F. Wade, of Spring Hill, Tenn. Mr. Thompson is devoting himself to the care of a fine stock farm in the suburbs of Nashville. '05 — George H. Brown, B.A., of Springfield, Tenn., was mar ried on November 15, 1906, to Miss Annie D. Hardy, of Nash ville, Tenn. Mr. Brown has gone into business as a clerk in the wholesale dry goods house of J. S. Reeves & Co., of Nashville. '05 — Paul DeWitt, M.D., after spending a year at the New York Polyclinic Hospital and some time in the medical service of the Panama Steamship and Railroad Company, has returned to Nashville to locate. '05 — John J. Heflin, B.S., who has been teaching in the public schools of Flemingsburg, Ky., his home town, has been appointed Secretary of the Tennessee State Bankers' Association, with office in Nashville, Tenn., succeeding Frank K. Houston, B.S. '04, in the position. '05 — Martin S. Roberts, Jr., B.E., who is superintendent of construction on Furman Hall, was married on January 16, 1907, to Miss Adelaide Melrose, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Hawkins, of Huntingdon, Tenn., and granddaughter of the late Governor Alvin M. Hawkins, of Tennessee. '06 — J. U. G. Rich, B.E., is connected with the Public Roads Division of the United States Department of Agriculture, and is at present engaged in building a model road from Williamsburg to Jamestown, Va. '06 — Fred C. Watson, M.D., who recently loc'ated in Lexing ton, Tenn., in practice with his father, has since gone to New York for further study, and has a position on the staff of the Lying-in Hospital. Alumni Notes. 147 '06 — Robert Marvin Browder, D.D.S., was married in Decem ber, 1906, to Miss Nellie Mai, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Williams, of Nashville. Dr. Browder is located in Monterey, Tenn. Innis Brown, B.A. '06, and George F. Davis, '00- '04 A., are at Aguas Calientes, Mex., employed in mining and railroad work near that point. '06— B. H. Klyce, B.A., B.E., is with Kirkpatrick & John son, at Jackson, Miss. '06 — John Edmondson Stephens, B.A., of Brentwood, Tenn., when a sophomore in 1893, left Vanderbilt University, and soon thereafter took up work in West Point. He was graduated from that institution in 1898, among the first in a class of fifty-nine, and was appointed second lieutenant of artillery. From this rank he was promoted to a first lieutenancy in 1900, and to a captaincy in 1901. From 1898 to 1900 he was stationed at Forts Slocum, Totten, Michie, and Monroe. He then became an in structor in mathematics at West Point, retaining this position until August, 1904, when he went to Fort Barrancas, Fla. From here he obtained leave of absence in order to present himself again at Vanderbilt as a candidate for the B.A. degree, as it had always been one of his ambitions to hold a degree from this Uni versity. By virtue of his attainments in scholarship since leaving here his work at West Point was accepted by the Vanderbilt faculty, and upon his completing certain work in mental and moral philosophy not covered at West Point he was graduated with the class of 1906. His original class was 1895. On April 24, 1901, Stephens was married to Miss Anita De Garmendia, at Frederick, Md. Present address, Fort Monroe, Va. '06 — K. F. Dempsey, B.D., was married on November 7, 1906, to Miss Georgia Page, of Atlanta, Ga. '05 — R. W. Grizzard, Jr., M.D., who has been for a year an in terne in the City Hospital, has been appointed house surgeon to fill a vacancy in the staff caused by resignation. '06 — M. D. Anderson, Ph.C., is located at McComb City, Miss., in the drug business. la$. 6. Caldwell $ Son FIRE INSURANCE NO. 1 ARC auk NASHVILLE Mrs. Lulu B, Epperson IJVSVRAJVCE 614^614 % First National Bank Building NASHVILLE, TENN FOUNTAIN PENS; Every pen guaranteed to work satisfactorily. All points made of the best 14-karat gold. The barrel is of either black or mottled hard rubber. Each pen is accompanied by a filler and packed in a box. Order by the number, stating whether you want a coarse, medium, or fine point. EAGLE FOUNTAIN PEN. No. 14 $100 "SWAN" FOUNTAIN PENS. No. 3001. Medium-size barrel and point 2 25 No. 4032. Large barrel and point 3 50 No. 5032. Extra large barrel and point 5 00 WATERMAN'S "IDEAL" FOUNTAIN PENS. No. 12. Medium-size barrel and point 2 50 No. 13. A size larger than No. 12 3 So No. 14. A size larger than No. 13 4 00 No. 15. Large barrel and point 5 00 No. 16. Extra large barrel and point 6 00 SELF-FILLING FOUNTAIN PENS. Ranging in price from $1.50 to 17.5a Sntitb $ Camar nasSwille, Ccnnessce Dallas, Cocas Vanderb1lt Un1vers1ty Quarterly A Record of University Life and Work Vol. VII JULY. 1907 No. 3 Contents PAGE Report of the Chancellor I5I Report of the Dean of the Academ1c Depart- !75 An Argument for the Immortal1ty of the Soul. By Rev. H. Stiles Bradley, D.D. •93 The Pursu1t of Sc1ence a Benef1t to Soc1ety By President Ira Remsen, Ph.D., LL.D. 198 Un1vers1ty News Alumn1 Poem. By Rev. George B. Win/011, Th.G., D.D 202 The Th1rty-Second Annual Commencement . 205 Commencement of the Med1cal and Dental De partments ...... 225 Cl1n1cal Fac1l1ties for Med1cal Students 230 The L1terary Soc1et1es 230 Contests 1n Oratory »34 The Un1vers1ty-School Conference 235 The Rhodes Scholarsh1ps 240 The 1907 Glee Club 241 Death of John Watson, D.D. 242 Death of Dr. J. M. Safford 243 The B. U. Elect1on 243 The B1bl1cal Inst1tute 245 The Athlet1c Assoc1at1on .... 246 The Vanderbilt University Quarterly is p< iblished by Vanderbilt University, and is the Official Organ of t) \e same. Subscription price, fifty cents; single copy, twenty fie e cents. For advertising rates, address the Business Manager. Enttnd u ucond-clus matter at Nuhrille, Tw General Publication Committee J. H. K1rkland, Chancellor of Vanderbilt University, CAairmax Freder1ck W. Moore, Dean of Academic Faculty W. H. Schuerman, Dean of Engineering Faculty W. F. T11.lett, Dean of Theological Faculty Horace H. Lurton, Dean of Law Faculty W. L. Dudley, Dean of Medical Faculty J. T. McG1ll, Dean of Pharmaceutical Faculty D. R. Stubblef1eld, Dean of Dental Faculty John H. DeW1tt, of Alumni Association Charles C. Trabue, of Alumni Association Edw1n W1ley, of Graduate Club A. G. Adams, Jr., Representative of Student Body Freder1ck W. Moore, Editor in Chief J. E. Hart, Business Manager. Vanderb1lt Un1vers1ty Quarterly A Record of University Life and Work Vol. VII JULY. 1907 No. 3 THE CHANCELLOR'S REPORT. To the Board of Trust of Vanderbilt University: The year just past has been in some respects a memorable one in the history of the University. The attendance has been the largest ever recorded up to this time. When the record was broken a year ago it was not expected that we should show an advancement this year. The building of Furman Hall and the completion of College Hall serve also to mark the present year in the memory of faculty and students. Students will further remember the year as one of great success in athletics and in in tercollegiate contests in oratory. So far as the general work of the University is concerned, it may be regarded as an average year with the usual amount of successes and failures. The faculty has endeavored to give more careful supervision to student life than has been possible in some other years. Altogether, we have reason to be contented with the showing made. The death of Bishop John J. Tigert came as a great shock to the whole University community. Appropriate action has already been taken by the Executive Committee of the Board and by the faculty. From early manhood Bishop Tigert was most closely connected with Vanderbilt University — first as a student, then as instructor, later as professor, and later still as a member and Secretary of the Board of Trust. It is in this capacity that we 152 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. miss him to-day. It is pleasant to the Board to reflect that the life that drew something of its strength and power from this in stitution contributed so extensively to the usefulness and honor of his alma mater. In the summer of 1906 death removed from the faculty Dr. H. A. Vance, Professor of English Philology. Dr. Vance was a member of the faculty of the Peabody Teachers' College. With the consent of the President of that institution he had for two years been caring for our work in English Philology. In this capacity he had rendered most acceptable service, and it was our desire to make permanent his connection with the University. His death was a distinct loss to the University ; and faculty and students alike cherish his memory with affectionate regard. Just a few weeks ago death removed from the campus the familiar figure of Mr. David Douglas, who filled the position of Superintendent of Grounds until our last commencement. At that time, on account of increasing age and infirmity, he was relieved from active service, but retained his connection with the University and was kept in its employ by the Executive Com mittee. The attractiveness of the Vanderbilt campus, which has been noticed by every one who has ever visited it, has been in large measure due to the skillful work of Mr. Douglas through the long period he was connected with the University. With one exception the professors have been at their posts during the past winter. Dr. H. Z. Kip, after a very severe attack of typhoid fever last summer, found himself unable to take up work in September. He was, therefore, granted a year's leave of absence by the Executive Committee, and has spent this time in recuperation. I am now pleased to report that his health is fully restored and that he will be back again next session. Dur ing the year his place was supplied by the appointment of Dr. S. N. Hagen, Ph.D., of Johns Hopkins University, Instructor in English and German. Dr. Hagen took care of the higher classes in German and also did the work formerly done by Dr. Vance in English Philology. Part of the work in German was also most acceptably done by Mr. F. R. Bryson, who had already been ap pointed Dr. Kip's assistant for the year. With this exception, the work of the University has been carried on during the past year according to the published programme. The Chancellor s Report. 153 The following table shows the number of persons giving in struction in the University as compared with last year : 1905-06. 1906-07. Professors 45 46 Adjunct Professors 13 12 Instructors 9 10 Lecturers, Demonstrators, Assistants 36 36 Fellows and Assistants 5 7 108 1n The attendance on the University as a whole is set forth in the following table : 1^05-06. 1906-07. Academic 227 224 Engineering 87 83 Biblical 93 103 Law 56 74 Medical 195 215 Pharmacy 43 53 Dental 154 157 8SS 909 Less names counted twice 23 25 832 884 The names counted twice in the table of attendance are dis tributed as follows, the figures of 1905 being added for com parison : ?9n5-o6. 1906-07. Academic and Engineering 4 2 Academic and Theological 13 17 Academic and Law 6 3 Academic and Medical o 3 23 25 With regard to the preceding tables, it should be noticed that there is a slight difference between the numbers given and the table published in the general register. The list of students given in the general register as belonging to the Medical Department should have added to it the following names: Cecil Gaston, Bir mingham, Ala. ; John B. Turner, Franklin, Ky. These are first 154 Vanderbilt University Quarterly . year men and by some oversight their names were omitted from the catalogue of names. These bring the attendance in that de partment to a total of 215. Likewise, the list of Law students published should have added to it the following: Junior Class — S. C. Abies, Searcy, Ark. ; R. W. Godbey, Nashville, Tenn. ; R. H. Peoples, Johnson City, Tenn. ; Benjamin F. Price, Macon, Miss. Senior Class — E. C. Nix, New Decatur, Ala.; H. B. Strayer, Hopkinsville, Ky. These students matriculated after the catalogue list was prepared for publication. In the general register the Biblical Department is credited with having only 90 students, whereas in the table above it is given 103. The difference is that in the register no account is taken of theological candidates, but in all our catalogues heretofore pub lished these candidates have always been reckoned as a part of the Biblical Department, and for purposes of comparison the total printed above is, therefore, the correct one. It will be no ticed that there is a distinct increase of attendance in the Biblical, the Law, the Pharmacy, and the Medical Departments. In the first two mentioned above the record is broken, as the whole his tory of the University shows no attendance equal to that of this year. This is true also of the attendance of the University as a whole. Only once in all our history before last year have we ever reached the number of 800. Last year the attendance was, as shown above, 832, while this year we have reached 884. Academ1c and Eng1neer1ng Departments. The number of students taking graduate courses in the Aca demic and Engineering Departments is 51, a slight increase over last year. Of this number. 25 are undergraduates and 26 may be considered graduate students exclusively. The institutions from which our graduates have received their earlier degrees are as follows: Vanderbilt University. Mississippi College. Emory College. Southwestern University. Southern University. University of Nashville. Central College. Morrisville College. Henderson College. Kentucky Wesleyan College. Emory and Henry College. Wabash College. Wofford College. The Chancellor's Report. 155 The graduate work is dependent directly on the Library facil ities. This work has, therefore, been much hampered since the fire; but in the two years since that time we have made liberal purchases, giving especial consideration to books needed by pro fessors for carrying on graduate courses. In this way we have remedied in part our losses and are rapidly reaching a satisfac tory condition of affairs. It is proposed before next session opens to provide proper rooms for placing the collections of books needed by graduate students in various subjects. These rooms will be accessible to graduate students, and seminary work may be there conducted. In this way there will be a great improve ment provided in our facilities for the instruction of graduates. , The enrollment in undergraduate classes as compared with last year is shown by the following table: 1905-06. 1906-07. Seniors 35 27 Juniors 33 45 Sophomores 50 51 Freshmen 84 74 Irregulars 5 2 207 199 The loss and gain of the three higher classes as compared with one year ago is shown in the following table : 1905-ai. 1906-07. Loss. Gain. Juniors 33 Seniors 27 14 8 Sophomores 50 Juniors 45 19 13 Freshmen 83 Sophomores 51 40 8 73 29 The distribution of our gain may be seen from the following table : 1005-06. 1906-07. From other classes and departments 15 10 Students admitted to advance standing 10 13 Old students returned 3 6 28 29 As usual, we present the history of the present Senior Class since entering the University four years ago : 156 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Class of 1907. Entering class 63 Passing to Sophomore lost original Freshmen 24 Passing to Junior lost original Freshmen 20 Passing to Senior lost original Freshmen 6 Passing to Senior gained original Freshmen I 63 1 SO Original Freshmen in the Senior Class 14 Whole number of Seniors in attendance during the session 27 Number graduating 27 The attendance on the Engineering Department by classes is indicated as follows: 1905-06. 1900-07. Graduate o I Seniors 1i 14 Juniors 18 14 Sophomores 26 20 Freshmen 32 34 87 83■ According to the report of the Dean of that department, 36 students are pursuing the course in Civil Engineering, 13 in Mechanical Engineering, and one in Mining Engineering. The course for the Freshman year is alike for all students. Taking the Academic and Engineering Departments together, we find that the number of new students admitted this year is 121 as compared with 128 admitted last year and 113 the year before. The following statement shows the manner in which these students entered the University: Academ1c Department. '05-*o6. '06-07. Credited from other colleges to higher classes 8 12 Admitted into advanced classes from certificating schools... 1 2 Credited from other colleges to Freshman and irregular classes 8 8 Admitted on certificate to Freshman and irregular classes. . . 41 33 Admitted on examination to Freshman and irregular classes. 34 33 Special 0 o Totals 92 88 The Chancellor" 's Report. 157 Eng1neer1ng Department. Credited from other colleges to higher classes 4 1 Credited from other colleges to Freshman and irregular classes 2 1 Admitted on certificate to Freshman and irregular classes... 23 19 Admitted on examination to Freshman and irregular classes. 7 12 Totals 36 33 92 88 Grand totals 128 121 These students have come, 98 from 39 high and preparatory schools, among which the public high schools are better repre sented than heretofore; 23 from 20 institutions of collegiate grade ; and 2 from private tutors, as follows : Schools. Alatennga College, Bridgeport, Ala 1 Anderson (Ind.) High School 1 Anniston (Ala.) Training School 1 Ashland (Ky.) High School 2 Battle Ground Academy, Franklin, Tenn 5 Bowen School, Nashville, Tenn 7 Branham and Hughes School, Spring Hill, Tenn 12 Castle Heights School, Lebanon, Tenn 3 Cedar Hill (Tenn.) Institute 2 Cobb and Nichols School, Dresden, Tenn 1 Columbus (Ga.) High School 1 Corsicana (Tex.) High School 2 Cumberland City (Tenn.) Academy 2 Fitzgerald School, Trenton, Tenn 1 Fogg High School, Nashville, Tenn 9 Franklin School, Cincinnati, Ohio 1 Haynes- McLean School, Lewisburg, Tenn 1 Hendrix Academy, Conway, Ark 1 Hopkinsville (Ky.) High School 1 Jefferson Institute, Whiteville, Tenn 1 Lawrenceburg (Tenn.) Training School 1 Louisville (Ky.) Male High School 3 McTyeire Institute, McKenzie, Tenn 2 Memphis (Tenn.) High School 1 Mobile (Ala.) Military Institute : I Montgomery Bell Academy, Nashville, Tenn 4 Mooney School, Murfreesboro, Tenn 2 New Market (Ala.) Training School I 158 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. New Orleans (La.) High School Oklahoma City (Okla.) High School Pensacola (Fla.) High School Phcenix (Ariz.) High School Rochester (N. Y.) Athenaeum and Mechanics Institute St. Mary's School, Memphis, Tenn Severy School, Nashville, Tenn 2 University School, Nashville, Tenn 8 University School for Boys, Stone Mountain, Ga I Vanderbilt Training School, Elkton, Ky 3 Webb School, Bellbuckle, Tenn 5 Tutor 2 Colleges. Alabama State Normal College, Florence, Ala Alabama State Normal College, Troy, Ala Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn Delaware College Emory College Hargrove College Henderson College 3 Hiwassee College 2 Marvin College North Alabama Conference College Southwestern University University of Chicago University of Rochester University of Virginia Vanderbilt University, Department of Dentistry Vassar College Virginia Military Institute Virginia Polytechnic Institute Washington and Lee University Western Kentucky College From the above list it will be seen that the Branham and Hughes School leads with 12 students. The following table, showing the number examined, passed, and conditioned in each subject, gives some indication of the preparation of the students for college work. Students who enter by certificate are credited with a pass unless the amount of work or of time spent on some subject is deficient. Those ad mitted from other colleges are not included : The Chancellor 's Re-port. 159 Latin. History. Without condition 41 Without condition 80 With condition 20 With condition 11 Total 61 Total 91 Greek. Science. Without condition 24 Without condition 52 With condition 9 With condition 3 Total 33 Total 55 Mathematics. German. Without condition 92 Without condition 32 With condition 14 With condition 5 Total 106 Total 37 English. French. Without condition 84 Without condition 16 With condition 11 With condition 3 Total 95 Total 19 The following table shows the attendance of students during the past year on the various courses offered in the Academic Department : Latin I., 47; II., 32; III., 6; Graduate, 8. Greek I., 26; II., 29; III., 3; Graduate, 4. Sanskrit I., 1 ; Sanskrit II., 1. French I., 63; II., 44; III., 7; Graduate, 6. Spanish, 17. German I., 48; II., 59; III., 12; Graduate, 5. German Conversation. English I., 99; II., 56; III., 41; IV., 4. Graduate English Philology, 7; Graduate English Literature, 24. Mental and Moral Philosophy I., 57; II., 8. Public Speaking, 119. Astronomy I., 11. History I., 83; II., 36; III., 22; Graduate, 12. Economics I., 41; II., 15; Graduate, 16. Physics I., 68; II., 4; III., 22. Geology I., 36; II., — ; III., 16; IV., 4. Physiology, 28. Biology I., 43; II., 4! HI., -; IV, 12; V, -; VI., 5. Chemistry I., 129; II., 25; III., 17; V, 17; X., 2; XII., 7; XIV, 18; Graduate, 2. Mathematics I., 115; II., 42; III., 7; Graduate, 5. 160 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. In arranging work for next year certain changes will be car ried out by which it is hoped to effect a decided improvement in the method of instruction. The Freshman Class in English will be committed to the hands of Mr. F. R. Bryson as Instructor. He will give all his time to this work, and an effort will be made to give the class constant drill in composition. It is believed that one of the greatest needs of students is more and better training in writing. This can come only through constant practice. No study of English lit erature can atone for weakness here, and no study of literature will supply the ability to write forcibly or even grammatically. In the Department of Physics arrangements will be made next year to introduce laboratory work for undergraduate students. Since our fire two years ago we have had no laboratory of physics. Before that time we had a laboratory for advanced students only. We shall now provide a laboratory also for undergraduates, where recitation work in this department can be accompanied by nec essary personal practice work. The Department of Physics will be given one-half of the basement of College Hall, which rooms are made available by the removal of Chemistry to Furman Hall. The other half of the basement of College Hall will be occu pied chiefly by Geology and Mineralogy, and the museum will be placed in the north wing of the first floor. This is done partly for the sake of providing larger quarters for this important de partment and partly in order to put our valuable scientific col lections belonging to this department in a fireproof building. It is proposed also to provide better quarters for Biology by giving up to this subject the whole of the basement of Science Hall. Some changes will have to be made there to accommodate the work proposed, but with these completed the subject of Biology can be better cared for than ever before. The greatest change of all to be introduced next year will be the occupation of Furman Hall by the Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacy. No brief description of this building would suf fice to set forth its beauty and advantages. It is enough to say that as construction has proceeded we have become all the while the better satisfied with the design of the building and with its internal arrangement. We are satisfied that we have provided one of the best laboratories to be found in all the countrv. The Chancellor's Re-port. 161 Our next step must be to provide a larger number of instructors in various subjects. For several years we have planned the elimination of most of our Teaching Fellowships, and the time seems at hand when this could be carried out. Instead of a Fellow in Latin and one in Greek, it would be desirable to pro vide an instructorship in both departments. There should be similarly provided an Instructor in Mathematics and one in Mod ern Languages. An instructor is supposed to be a more mature student, really a man who has completed his student life and has received his Doctor's degree and is ready to enter on his teaching career. Some of the appointments indicated must certainly be made by the University next year. All of them, and others not mentioned, should be made as speedily as possible. One of the great needs of the Academic and Engineering Departments is larger teaching force to the end that classes may be subdivided and individual instruction provided through small sections. While this increases the cost of education, it adds immensely to its efficiency. Other Departments. The Pharmacy Department shows a satisfactory increase in attendance this year, numbering 53 against 43 last year, and 2>7 the year before. The large Junior Class gives hope for a good attendance next year. The Dean of the department desires that an elementary course in Physics be introduced into the curricu lum. Arrangements can doubtless be made for such a course in connection with the increase of work that is being planned for Physics in the Academic Department. With the completion of Furman Hall Vanderbilt University may now fairly claim to have one of the best-equipped departments of Pharmacy to be found anywhere. Our requirements for admission and gradua tion are higher than is usual in most institutions. While this may be a drawback in some cases, it should be an inducement to those who wish to prepare themselves most perfectly for a high position in their profession. The Medical Department has shown marked advancement with in the past two years. The number of students has grown from 158 in 1904-05 to 215 in 1906-07. At the same time there has been a decided elevation of standard. Two years ago our re 162 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. quirements for admission were made identical with the require ments of the American Medical Association, being the comple tion of a high school course. In carrying out this requirement all students seeking admission to the department are passed on by the State Superintendent of Education. In both the years since this requirement has been in force we have rejected a large number of students seeking admission. Yet in spite of this we have shown a marked increase of attendance. Last win ter our department was accepted as a member of the American Medical Association. This association includes the best medical colleges in the United States, and very few institutions in the South are able to meet its requirements. The records of our students in the examinations conducted by the various State Boards is gratifying and attests the thoroughness of the work done in the Medical Department. The American Medical Asso ciation is making an earnest effort to advance the cause of med ical education through the establishment of a Council on Medical Education. Our department is honored through the appoint ment of Dr. J. A. Witherspoon as a member of this council. The work that is being done by this council bids fair to have far-reaching influence on medical education throughout the whole United■ States. The council is seeking to examine into the work of every medical institution, and is securing reports of the work done by each and all of them. These reports will no doubt in time be published, and will serve as the accepted criterion of merit throughout the whole country. We have been gratified by the statements made to us by those officers who have visited Nashville and investigated our Medical Department. We be lieve that when the Council sees fit to publish its investigations the record of Vanderbilt University will be one of which we can be justly proud. The greatest need of our Medical Department is improvement in hospital facilities. It is hoped that this im provement can be effected through the proposed establishment in Nashville of a Methodist hospital. If this hospital succeeds, and if plans on foot can be carried out successfully, our medical students will have access to its charity wards for the purposes of instruction. The work of the Dental Department has been carried on the present year most successfully. The attendance is slightly in The Chancellor's Report. 163 excess of one year ago in spite of the increase of fees. The ex perience of two years now proves the wisdom of the step taken in adding to our department the equipment and faculty of the Dental Department of the University of Tennessee. While this has not entirely eliminated a competing school from Nashville, it has given us practically the strength of the two schools, and it is believed that we shall continue to maintain our commanding position. In the Law Department the present year has been altogether the most successful year of our history. The attendance has been 74, which is double the attendance of a few years ago and a decided increase even over the large enrollment of last year. The administration of this department falls almost exclusively into the hands of Prof. Allen G. Hall, and it is to his earnest efforts that the progress and growth of the department during recent years is due. Mr. Hall gives all his time to the Law Department, and the various changes that have been made there from time to time in curriculum and administration are those which he has thought out and recommended. It would seem that we now have reached the point where we may hope for a constant at tendance approaching the figures of the present year. Certain improvements are contemplated in this department in the near future. One of these is the introduction of a course of study for the degree of Master of Laws. This would not appeal to any large number of students, but it is in line with the policy of the University in providing graduate courses of instruction, and would enable us sometimes to hold our best students for an additional year's work. Another change that we desire to make at an early date is the lengthening of our regular course from two to three years. The work done in the Law Department could be very properly extended over this length of time, and all of our professors desire to see the University take this advance step. At the same time there are practical questions, chiefly financial, that have rendered it until now unadvisable. Certainly the University will make this change just as soon as it may be deemed at all practicable. The Biblical Department is another one of our departments that shows this year the largest enrollment in its history, having a total of 90 theological students with 13 theological candidates 164 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. in the Academic Department. Part of this increase in attend ance is due to the relaxation of admission requirements that went into effect last year. It is estimated that at least twenty students would have been excluded under the stricter admission require ments of two years ago. In the list of institutions from which our students in this department have come, thirty-two colleges and universities and fourteen preparatory schools are represent ed. Of these students, forty-nine hold baccalaureate degrees. The faculty proposes certain changes to take effect next year, enlarging the elective courses heretofore offered for graduation. Up to this time we have offered the B.D. degree only to those students who hold baccalaureate degrees from colleges of recognized standing and who take the full theological course, including both Hebrew and Greek. It is not proposed to change the requirements for this degree, but it is proposed to enlarge the number of courses permitted to applicants for diplomas of graduation. Such courses will cover eight terms of work and may be taken by students without Hebrew or without Greek or with either one or both of these languages. The Correspondence School has established during the year a circulating library, which has proved very popular and helpful. Its enrollment continues to grow, and has reached during the year the remarkable number of 1,017 students. Of this number, 657 were still enrolled and at work on April 15, 1907. This is about the same number that were actually at work just one year ago. Great credit is due Prof. J. L. Cuninggim, who directs this school in a most able manner. The Cole Lectures were not delivered at all during the present year by reason of the death of Dr. John Watson. He was on his way to the University when taken sick. It is to be hoped that we shall be able to secure his manuscript and publish the lectures as our volume for 1907. Efforts are being made to this end. L1brary. Our report of last year showed that we were making earnest efforts to restore our library which was so largely destroyed by the disastrous fire of April, 1905. It is not the policy of the University to make this restoration at once. It is rather our policy to extend our purchases over a number of years, adding The Chancellor's Report. 165 to the Library each year as large a number of purchases as we can afford out of our income, selecting these purchases with great care. It is believed that in this way better results will be secured and mistakes will be avoided. The following is a state ment of our operations during the past two years: Books saved from the fire, 4,800; purchased during two years, 4,300; gifts from the Government, 4,000 volumes; miscellaneous gifts, 600; exchange, Library of Congress, 900; gifts from other institu tions, 600; library of Miss Mary Izora Orr, 233. Total, 15,533. The foregoing enumeration takes no account of a large number of bulletins, pamphlets, and periodicals which have been donated to the University within the past two years. It will be necessary to classify these, make out a complete list of volumes of period icals on hand, and see if missing numbers can be supplied. The value of odd lots of this character is very small unless it is possi ble to use them as the basis for collecting a complete set. When ever it is possible to complete the set, the periodicals will be bound, placed in the Library, and added to our lists. The amount expended for Library purposes during the past two years is as follows: During the year 1905-06, $4,000 for purchases, $1,900 for administration; for the year 1906-07, $5,300 for purchases, $2,000 for administration. This is a total of $13,200 in the two years, of which $9,300 went into the purchase of books. This is just about the estimated value of the books saved from the fire. We further estimate the value of Government gifts at $5,000, and other gifts as worth at least $2,000. We carry, therefore, on our books to-day the general University Library at a valuation of $25,751.24. This figure is a very conservative estimate. Of the gifts made during the past year, special mention is due the donation of the library of Miss Mary Izora Orr, who died in Nashville August 1, 1906. Miss Orr was a student at the Uni versity from 1 896- 1 900, devoting herself especially to studies in English and history. She was a woman of strong character and unusual intellectual ability. Her life was one of useful service, and it was in accord with her wishes that her collection of valu able books was placed in the Library of Vanderbilt University. The Librarian has had prepared a special label indicating the source of this gift and has placed this in each one of the volumes constituting the donation. 12 166 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Among other gifts worthy of mention during the year is a donation by Rev. J. T. Curry of ten volumes of the Messages of the Presidents of the United States. General G. P. Thruston has presented eighteen volumes of the Reports of the Smith sonian Institution. Mr. Norman Farrell, Sr., has presented thirty volumes of Niles's Register. Among the books received from the Library of Congress we note sixteen volumes of the Royal Edi tion of the works of Galileo. This edition is not in the market and cannot be secured through the usual channels. We are making efforts to secure two volumes that are lacking in order to complete this valuable set. We have completed during the year our sets of the Edinburgh Review, Contemporary, Fort nightly, and Nineteenth Century. We have also secured complete editions of Rheinisches Museum (65 volumes), Mathematische Annalen (45 volumes), Neue Jahrbucher f. Philologie (122 vol umes). The Society of Colonial Dames of Tennessee has pre sented to the University $50 to be expended for historical books bearing on colonial history. The books have been selected by Prof. F. W. Moore. The Library subscribes to eighty-eight periodicals and receives also fifty-eight gratis. The Library is indebted to the Carnegie Library of Nashville for the gift of an extensive collection of old copies of Nashville papers since 1863. It is believed that this set must be fairly complete, although up to this time we have had no opportunity to arrange it and prepare an itemized statement of the volumes on hand. The Library in Wesley Hall consists of about 3,000 volumes of theological works, which have been accumulated by gift and purchase in past years at an estimated cost of about $3,000. This Library received two notable additions during the past year — one was the donation of the library of Bishop John J. Tigert, con sisting of more than 2,500 volumes. This library is especially rich in recent theological and philosophical books. It contains a very valuable list of commentaries and a collection of Dis ciplines almost complete. We have estimated the value of this library to be $5,000, and have so entered it on our books. An other gift of value is the Boland Library, being the private library of J. M. Boland, A.M., D.D., of the Western Virginia Conference. This library is the gift of Mrs. J. M. Boland and her son, M. D. Boland, the latter formerly a student at the University. It con The Chancellor's Report. 167 tains a valuable edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Boland Library numbers 790 volumes and has been entered on our books at a valuation of $1,000. The total value of Wesley Hall Library as carried on our books is $9,039.40. The Wesley Hall Library subscribes for twelve periodicals and has received during the year twenty-seven additional ones. In Science Hall we carry a valuable collection of scientific books belonging to the Departments of Geology and Biology. This Library numbers about 3,000 volumes, with a large collec tion of pamphlets, maps, atlases, etc. Many of the State reports there included would be hard to replace. During the past year we have added some few volumes to this Library by purchase and have received some by gift from the general Government. We carry this Library now on our books at a valuation of $4,000. Plans are on foot for removing the Department of Geology to College Hall. If this is done, the larger part of this Library will be also removed and housed in College Hall in connection with our general Library. The University Law Library occupies the large hall in the Law Building on Cherry Street, and consists of nearly 10,000 very valuable volumes. It has been built up by gift and by pur chase during the past thirty years. During the past year we have received a donation from the estate of Mrs. Robert Lee, who died in Denver, Colo. Mrs. Lee was a resident of Nashville, and left the University the law books belonging to her husband's library. The value of the Law Library on our books is $23,- 536.73, of which we estimate $8,000 to have come from gifts, and the remainder from University purchase. If we sum up all of the foregoing statements, we shall find that the University Library as a whole constitutes 34,300 vol umes, besides a large number of unlisted periodicals and pam phlets. The total valuation of all our books is $62,327.37. As has been pointed out before, one of the greatest needs of the University is a Library Building with endowment for admin istration and for the purchase of books. Such a building should provide special seminary rooms where collections of books be longing to the various departments could be separately stored and be accessible to students and workers in these departments. In view of the delay in securing such a library, it is proposed to 168 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. provide some special seminary rooms in College Hall during the coming summer. Our plans include the setting aside of one room for Latin and Greek, one for English, one for History and Economics, another for French, another for German, and another for Mathematics. These rooms will be accessible to graduate students and to professors. By this means we hope to make our graduate work more profitable than we have been able to do since our disastrous fire. Mention should be made of the fact that our largest contri bution from Nashville to the Rebuilding Fund was made by Mrs. E. W. Cole, and was directed by her to be kept as an en dowment, the interest to be used in the purchase of books in the Department of English Literature. In this way we expect to build up the Anna Russell Cole Library in English Literature. During the past year $250 worth of books has been purchased and labeled as indicated. The University expects to advance the interest on this sum for the next four years so as to make possible the expenditure of at least $1,000 in the same manner during the coming summer. As the loss of the Library was one of the most disastrous results of the fire, it is quite appropriate that a portion of the contributions for meeting the fire loss should be directed specifically to this purpose. Gymnas1um. The work of the gymnasium has been carried on during the year past under the direction of Mr. Guy T. Denton and Mr. C. W. Watson. Four regular classes were enrolled. Class 1, meeting at 4 to 5 p.m. on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, had 65 members ; Class 2, meeting at 5 to 6 p.m. on Monday, Wednes day, and Friday, had 45 members; Class 3, meeting at n to 12 A.m. on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, had 37 members ; Class 4, meeting at 5 to 6 p.m. on Tuesday and Thursday, had 6 members. This is a total of 153 students taking gymnasium work. During the fall season 24 students substituted football for gym nasium; then 10 substituted basketball, 22 baseball, 30 track athletics, and 21 tennis. In most of these cases the substitution was only during the season occupied with athletics. The success of the University athletic teams during the year was a cause of great rejoicing among the students. The Uni The Chancellor's Report. 169 versity authorities are more pleased with the fact that the Van derbilt University Athletic Association continues to be a helpful influence in the life of the University and maintains its estab lished record for honor in sport as well as in work. Mention was made in my report of one year ago of the formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States. This Association is now on a sound, permanent basis and commands the support of most of the better class of institutions throughout the whole country. Dr. W. L. Dudley, President of the Van- derbilt Athletic Association, is a member of the Executive Com mittee of that body and has also been recently appointed a mem ber of the Rules Committee. The position of Vanderbilt Uni versity in athletics is, therefore, recognized not only through our prominent position in the Southern Athletic Association, but now also through the Intercollegiate Association of the United States. In the Vanderbilt Quarterly for January, 1907, Dr. R. B. Steele publishes a valuable study of the educational history of Vander bilt football players during the past six years. The conclusion which is reached is most interesting and is worthy of being quoted here: The Vanderbilt type of football player is the genuine student, who has taken up athletics as an adjunct to his student life. The teams have been made up of men who came intending to graduate, seized the athletic opportunity as it was presented to them, and, entering the ranks of the alumni, have given place to others with like ambitions. The continuity of athletic life is indicated by the number of old players in every team. But this is merely an index of the continuity of the college life. Though individuals pass out, the organized activity is perpetual. Out of these conditions has come Vanderbilt's athletic strength, and the past student record of athletics is one of which every Vanderbilt man should be proud, with that worthy pride which not only rejoices but also works for the continuance of the same conditions in future. Y. M. C. A. Mr. A. C. Hull, the efficient Secretary of the University Y. M. C. A., reports a splendid year's work. The membership of the Association during the past year was 306 ; four years ago the membership was only 120. Bible study has been carried on by 168 students, divided into 21 groups. Studies in missions have been carried on by 121 students, divided into 16 groups. The 170 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. attendance at the weekly meetings of the Association has aver aged 63 for the year. The affairs of the Association are conducted in a businesslike manner, and the student officers have the constant support and direction of the Advisory Committee of local alumni. The work of the Association is supported by contributions from the Uni versity itself, from the faculty, from alumni, and from fees and contributions of students. Altogether the Association budget for the past year was about $2,000. The members of the Association are in general active in Christian work, and all committees are trained for meeting the duties of their position. The Bible Study Committee has already enrolled 90 members for Bible study work for next year. The Association is considering the establishment of an Employment Bureau for the purpose of securing work for students. It is to be hoped that this feature can be added next year. There are now twenty-four members of the Association in attendance on the Asheville Conference. This delegation is not only the largest in our history, but is one of unusual strength and includes some of the most promising material in the way of Association workers for next year. The Wesley Hall Quartet will act as the quartet of the Conference. In the Medical Department a strong Association has been kept up during the year with 65 members; 36 devoted themselves to Bible study and 34 to mission study. From the above statements it is evident that the time is ripe for a definite advance in Association work at the University. What is now needed is an enlargement and improvement of the Y. M. C. A. building. It is not well adapted for the purposes of the Association, though it could be much improved at an ex penditure of several thousand dollars. Another need is the em ployment of a Secretary who should give his whole time to Association work. This means an additional expenditure of $700 to $1,000 per annum. D1n1ng Assoc1at1ons. Reports from the managers of the clubs at Wesley Hall and Kissam Hall show that board has been furnished during the year at about $11 per month. It is more difficult to give good board at this price than it was at $10 several years ago. The West The Chancellor' s Report. 171 Side Association has elected the following list of Directors for the year 1907-08: John L. Craig, President; A. Max Souby, Vice President; John R. Waters, Secretary and Treasurer; E. G. Thompson, C. S. Boswell, T. F. Paine, R. F. Vaughan, H. D. Dozier, P. Z. Conrad. The Treasurer and Manager of the Club makes the following report as to the number of boarders and rates during the year : Number of regular boarders nine months in the year 146 Number of regular boarders six months in the year 47 Number of regular boarders four months in the year 31 Number of regular boarders under four months in the year 25 Total 249 Number of irregular boarders ; 45 Number of irregular boarders out in town 75 Average receipts per month, $2,194.70. Highest amount for one month, $2,797.94 (for the month of October). Lowest amount for one month, $1,745.27 (for September); $1,811.68 (for May). Total receipts for year 1906-07 to June 1, $19,752.29. From the above statements it appears that we are rapidly drift ing to the point where the University Association will have to be managed more after the fashion of a restaurant. There is an increasing irregularity in the number of boarders and there is an increasingly large number of students who wish to stay at the club for only a few months. I am decidedly of the opinion that it will be good policy for this club to employ an experienced caterer, some one who has had charge of a hotel or restaurant and who has skill in buying as well as in serving food. With the services of such a manager it would be possible to arrange a regular bill of fare at a minimum price of, say, $10 per month, and at the same time to add special dishes that could be ordered by each student at a small outlay. There are, of course, serious diffi culties in administration of this kind, but our experience seems to be driving us in this direction. New Bu1ld1ngs. Our building operations had progressed so satisfactorily that we were enabled to occupy College Hall soon after the opening of the University in September, 1906. While much remained to be done, the class rooms and library were sufficiently complete 172 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. to enable regular work to go on in the building during the whole year. The basement still remains unfinished. It will be re membered that the chemical laboratory was established in the basement immediately after the fire. Only a rough concrete floor has been provided here, and no plastering or woodwork has been done at all. As soon as the chemical laboratory can be re moved from the basement during the present summer, it is our purpose to finish this part of the work so that College Hall will be entirely complete at the opening of another year. There will be an adjustment of rooms and provision for new laboratories, as has already been set out in the preceding parts of this report. The building of Furman Hall has progressed steadily but slowly during the whole winter. The University was deprived of the services of Mr. A. E. Hawthorne, who had acted as our Super intendent of Construction, and who was compelled to resign his position on account of ill health. Mr. M. S. Roberts, one of our former students, who had acted as Mr. Hawthorne's assist ant, has been continued in charge of the work. While the build ing will not be entirely completed this summer, it is safe to say that we shall have our laboratories installed and ready for work next September. We are not able at this time to give an accurate statement with regard to the cost of either building. It is evident that the total cost of restoring College Hall will be about $100,000, and it is thought that the cost of Furman Hall will be in the neighbor hood of $125,000. The sources from which the University has met the expenses of its building operations since the fire have been, first of all, the insurance, which amounted to $115,000; secondly, contributions of alumni and citizens of Nashville; thirdly, donations of non resident alumni, students, and faculty; and, lastly, a donation from Mr. W. K. Vanderbilt. The total amount of subscriptions made in NashvHle after the fire was something more than $50,- 000. Of this amount we have collected $40,551.58. The gifts of nonresident alumni, faculty, and students have amounted to $8,- 899.32. Mr. Vanderbilt's donation was $150,000. There are still some collections to be made from the Nashville subscription and from faculty and alumni, but these will not increase the figures given more than by a few thousand dollars. The donations of The Chancellor's Report. 173 the children to the Bell Fund amounted to $553, which was about half the sum needed for the purchase of our new bell. From the Furman estate the University has received for the erection of Furman Hall $80,000. It is possible that a small sum additional will be received when the estate is finally wound up by the ex ecutors. It will thus be seen that the University has to supply about $40,000 for the completion of Furman Hall. It is not the purpose of the University to expend all the contributions men tioned above in building or in the purchase of equipment. It is absolutely essential that some of these contributions should be maintained as endowment. The erection of Furman Hall means additional expense for annual maintenance. While the necessary equipment in the Department of Chemistry will have to be pro vided at once, much of our other scientific equipment and the library will have to be restored gradually. It will be the policy of the University to spend as large a sum as possible each year out of its annual income in supplying these needs. In this way we hope gradually to restore our losses, while at the same time we secure larger endowment. F1nanc1al Operat1ons of the Year. The following table is a classified exhibit of the income and •expenditures of the year for all departments of the University : 83,349$ 50 21,02904 10,26265 9.218 47 7.4>6 57 18,187 20 8,396 09 5,00000 733.229 $169,190 27 $ 1,05225 4.53449 06 74-554 89,049 17 $169,190 27 Total. 3.ioi02 $8,970 00 2l 2,240 383 33 2,666 55 76 4.293 695 17 34'9« 825,330 47 »25.330 47 $25,330 47 Dentistry. 5,890 o- DEPARTMENTS. 7,691$ 00 4,067 47 752,400 4.783 12 75943 2,116 30 $22,671 40 $22,671 40 $22,671 40 Medicine. 669 o $5,250 OO 35291 356 50 812 04 81 294 $7,004 70 $7,004 70 $7,004 70 Law. FORENDINGMAYEXPENDITURESYEAR 1907.., SO ib 12 10 01 32 00 3» $114,183 70 $ 1.05255 4.53449 06 74.554 60 34,042 $114,183 70 Academic, Entrineerlng, Pharmacy. 0 0 Biblical, 4,081 $61,43s 10,780 5.265 8,023 9II 5,000 1,296 793 S.396 Receipts. andLibraryofLaboratoriesIV.Equipment — insurance,andbuildings,Grounds,VI.rent — Library.LaboratoriesandIII.Expenseof —. incompleteForward,repairsVIII. — andfundsFellowshipsloanVII. — AdministrationII. — andlightHeatV.— MiscellaneousIX. — surplusX.Cash — InstructionI. — Total Dean's Report, Academic Department. 175 DEAN'S REPORT, ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT. Chancellor J. H. Kirkland, Vanderbilt University: As Dean of the Academic Department, I have the honor to submit the following report, being in part a recapitulation of the work of the year and in part a discussion of some of the problems that have come up in administration : 1. The office of Dean in the Academic Department was the last of the deanships to be created. It was instituted to relieve the Chancellor of the University of some of the details of adminis tration, which, as acting Dean of the Academic Department, he had previously been charged with, and to put under the directing control of one officer some duties which had previously been given over to committees. The general policy of the Department remains in the hands of the Chancellor and faculty, whose legislative powers are un diminished by the creation of the new office. A Committee on University Instruction, of which the Chancellor is Chairman, has the oversight of the work of the graduate students. The chief duties of the Dean relate to the administration of the entrance re quirements, of the schedule and electives, and of attendance. This brings him into communication with the preparatory school men on the outside and into personal touch with almost every student in attendance. It is required of him to enforce with discreetness the necessary reasonable rules; and by his personal intercourse with students and faculty to cherish such good un derstanding (which happily has long and uninterruptedly pre vailed here) that the necessity of rules may be reduced to the minimum. Some rules are necessary that the work of so many students with so many instructors in so many subjects and classes may go on in a progressive and orderly way, insuring to each student the maximum of advantages in the range of the selection of courses and in the profitableness of those taken. Other rules are necessary to insure uniformity and equality of treatment be tween students. Privileges that might be readily granted to one student, by way of exception, must be refused because it is equally unwise to grant the privilege to all and to grant special 176 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. privileges to a few without special merit. Some other rules must be established to protect the standards of the institution in de portment and scholarship from that weakness of human nature — just as conspicuously manifested among students as among other examples of the genus man — to comply with the minimum of obligations. Some few are necessary because there are always unfortunately to be expected some students who will with will fulness, or with a neglectfulness that is closely akin thereto, overstep any bounds that may be set unless an adequate penalty is provided against it. As the Academic and Engineering Faculties now sit in one body, as the requirements for admission into the two depart ments are the same, as the students have many classes in com mon, and as in other respects the departments are and should be administered in similar lines, the deans should, and do, co operate, working together harmoniously and heartily. 2. This year, for the first time in the history of the institu tion, a record has been kept of the attendance of the students on the regular classes and laboratory and practice periods. Each professor has been expected to report weekly to the deans, on blanks provided for the purpose, the absences for the week. These are entered in a book. The attention of the professors to this duty has not been all that could be desired. But it is ex pected that their cooperation will become more complete as the importance of the duty and the value of complete unanimity is more fully appreciated by them. The students are expected to make their excuses in writing and render them to the Deans in person. These are passed upon, classified, and entered. The administration of class attendance has passed through sev eral changes to circumvent abuses that have grown up. The rec ords and the memory of the older members of the faculty witness to the practice when each professor was authorized to accept the excuse of sickness on the word of the student, but was ex pected to require the student to apply to the faculty by petition for an excuse for any other cause. The hearing of these excuses was perfunctory ; the granting of them at times inconsistent, and slow at best. Many professors fell into the habit of accepting any reasonable excuse, and an illegitimate burden of student criticism fell upon those who adhered to the rule. The work Dean's Report, Academic Department. 177 lost by excused absences was "made up" to the satisfaction of the instructor. Unexcused absences counted as zeros. Another more serious abuse appeared. The number of in structors was large; the faculty met but twice in a month and without the instructors; the elective system was, in practice, quite liberal. It began to appear that neither the faculty as a body nor any one responsible member of the faculty was in posi tion to know it if, as was in fact generally true, some students were abusing the absence privileges by cutting or giving frivo lous excuses, wasting their time, and becoming a demoralizing element in the student body. To meet these defects, it was provided in 1900 that all ab sences should be reported weekly and all excuses made in writing to the Supervisory Committee. This committee was the reor ganized Advisory Committee whose duty it had been to advise the students in selecting their work and in settling other prob lems that disturb the student mind. It had, however, never been effective. It was renamed, given the authority to pass upon ex cuses, and to secure from the professors monthly lists of students delinquent in scholarship, and called upon to report monthly with recommendations regarding such delinquents. With the ap pointment of a Dean of the Academic Department the Super visory Committee was reconstituted of the Deans of the Engi neering, Academic, and Pharmaceutical Departments, and of an additional member of the Academic Faculty.. To them, partic ularly to the Deans, now falls the work of passing on the validity of excuses and reporting with recommendations on the list of delinquents. With the new method of administering excuses it was felt that the old rule requiring an unexcused absence to be counted as a zero was unequal as between classes and was too severe in some cases. Its application was most just when each student was called upon to recite at nearly every period and was graded on each recitation. It lost its appropriateness in proportion as the number of graded recitations grew relatively less, and reached the degree of absurdity in classes which were taught by lectures and tested by monthly written examinations. The adaptation of the old rule to the newer conditions may be succinctly stated by an example. In a class that meets twelve times per month, 178 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. suppose a student to be absent twice with acceptable excuse, twice without excuse; and to recite four times out of the eight he was present and the ten that he was due. Suppose that his grade averaged 70 for these four performances. Seventy is as sumed to be the grade he makes in eight days; but as he has incurred two zeros for unexcused absence, he is entitled to a grade of only eight-tenths of 70, or 56 for the month. In case there is no monthly grade arising either from recitations or writ ten quizes the penalty ratio must be reduced to a term ratio and applied to the term or session grade. The feeling on the part of the Supervisory Committee that the absences were too numerous and were indulgently excused on too slight grounds and a desire to have accurate statistical in formation led to the keeping of the account of individual attend ance and excuses for absence with the following results : Report on Absences and Excuses, 1906-07. 1 st Term. 2d Term. *No. students, Academic and Engineering, undergrad uates 264 250 No. classes taken per man (estimated) 5 5 No. hours or periods per week per man (estimated) ... 16 16 No. absences, average per student 21 20 Aggregate number of hours or periods per term 256 256 Percentage of absences 8 7.8 Of the aggregate absenceE there were excused for sick ness 36.7941 41.8$! Emergencies u-Sfb x4-6/6 Absence from University with athletic teams, Glee Club, etc 6.o9fc 6.096 Total excused S4-29b 62.4% Total unexcused 45-8% 37-6% Number of students absent no time 6 10 Number of students absent 10 times or less 97 79 Number of students absent 11 to 15 times 38 32 Number of students absent 16 to 20 times 29 37 Number of students absent 21 to 30 times 35 37 Number of students absent 31 times or more 59 55 *Discrepancies between the aggregate number of students given in this and in other tables are due in part to the incompleteness of the records and in part to the fact that the tables are derived from different sources. Dean's Report, Academic Department. 179 The report on the record for the first term was received with astonishment by both faculty and students. To the former it seemed so serious as to require legislation. The students were duly warned that some action would be taken to penalize more severely the cases of "excessive absence," and such action was later taken by imposing an extra examination and a fee of five dollars on those who were absent nine or more times in any one subject (counting two excused absences equivalent to one unex- cused absence). This penalty fell upon thirty students in forty- nine subjects. In some instances there were mitigating circum stances. In nearly half of the cases the students in question will fail in the subject and will have to bear the heavier penalty of taking the subject over in class (whether absences produced the failure or the recognition of impending failure provoked care lessness in attendance would have to be determined in each case separately. In most cases both are present as mutual causes and effects). In the others the penalty has fallen upon students who presumed upon their ability to meet the examination requirements by cramming or have with willful negligence wasted their time and opportunities and have made a record of which they will be ashamed instead of one which would have done them credit. For the coming year the faculty will be asked to apply the same method but with a lower limit — absences (counting two excused equal to one unexcused) aggregating the work of two whole weeks, with cases of slight indisposition treated as absences without excuse, and with cases of absence due to protracted ill ness reserved for special treatment. While this plan may tempt some to "take all allowable cuts," it is hoped that it will materially reduce the number of students (59 and 55 in the tables) against whom a large number of absences will be charged. It is remarkable that the agitation produced so little improve ment, as the reports for the second term show. On the other hand, it is true that if very many students used all of the "cuts" that were allowed without penalty, the aggregate would be as large as ever. It is also to be remarked that several other insti tutions have, apparently to reduce an abuse to its minimum, set a limit to occasional absences approximately the same as that which will be proposed to the faculty of Vanderbilt University for enforcement next year. 180 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 3. In this connection several other items should be noted for the sake of inviting criticism of the conditions and discussioni of educational policies. The number of students in the Academic Department (five this year) who take the course in three years or take the Master's Degree with the Bachelor's in four years; the number who take special examinations on work done privately and without the aid of a tutor; the apparent ease with which students make up omit ted work, even when they return to it barely convalescent after an illness of considerable length and seriousness; the number (ten out of 200) taking seven courses; the number (53 out of 200) taking six courses — all call for comment. A B.A. student who will take six courses each year and work up two on the outside will fulfill the requirements for the degree in three years, and a B.S. student by working up three on the outside; though quite a number of those taking six subjects either entered with condi tions or have failed in some subject, and it would seem desirable that they should be taking the extra course. Are any of these things to be prohibited in every case ? Is the work too light? Are the examinations too easy? Is the require ment for the degree too low? Or would not the increasing of the difficulty of the course to such a degree as to deter those who are inclined to crowd through it make it unreasonably severe for the fair to average and the average to good student? It is in tended and it is desirable that the man who comes to college should have time, over and above the reasonable fulfillment of his college duties, to devote to some or all of the activities of college life outside of the class room : to sport, to fraternity life, to the literary society and college journalism, oratory and debate, to Y. M. C. A. work, to wide reading, to the cultural opportunities afforded by a city, to current reading in history and politics. The course is so arranged that he can do this and still maintain an honorable record for scholarship. Further, the student who makes a grade of sixty or sixty-five is graduated as surely, though not as heartily, as the one who makes eighty-eight or ninety-five ;. and it is possible within the limits thus conventionally set for one man to waste time and for another to devote himself too exclu sively to the things that count for the degree. Most of the men who thus hasten are rather mature, and practically all feel pecun Dean's Report, Academic Department. 181 iary pressure. They have borrowed money to pay college ex penses or seek to avoid the burden of the expense of an addi tional year upon an exhausted treasury. Yet in not a few cases the narrowing effect and the questionable methods of study due to the heavy courses are too patent to escape observation, and quite as frequently the exhaustion of energy and the depletion of the physical system are apparent. How and where shall the limit be set to ambition driven by necessity ? 4. Six graduate students withdrew during the year. The causes were various: financial straits in perhaps two cases or even three, appointment to a Church, to marry, and in one or probably two cases failure, through inability or neglect, to keep up an honorable rank in scholarship. Twenty-two undergrad uates in the Academic and Engineering Departments withdrew during the year: seven during the first term voluntarily; five others at or near the opening of the second term requested to withdraw on account of poor scholarship and lack of dis position to improve ; ten others voluntarily. Illness or lack of funds or duties at home were assigned sincerely in several cases ; but ill success in studies growing out of lack of interest and at- tentiveness to duties and purpose to succeed must be assigned as the cause in fully half of the last group. Several others will come up to or even through the examination period whose lack of scholarly tastes and application will make it advisable that they should not return. Accurate statistics for comparison with other years are lacking. But probably the year has not been abnormal in this respect. 5. A report on scholarship, to be representative, must present the subject both from the side of those who prove delinquent and from the side of those who win distinction, though the former are the ones who present the problems of discipline. It is the custom of the faculty to hear a report from the Super visory Committee on delinquents in scholarship seven times dur ing the year — viz., at the end of October, of December, and of the intermediate examinations in January; also at the end of February, of March, of April, and of the final examinations in June. From ninety to one hundred and ten are usually reported ; from sixty to seventy of them for delinquency (either a mark below sixty or incomplete work) in only one subject, twenty to 13 182 Vandtrbilt University Quarterly. twenty-five for delinquency in two subjects, and eight to twelve in three or more subjects. For the year the records of the com mittee show : Students not reported at any time 63 Students reported less than three times in any one subject no Students reported three or more times in at least one subject 68 Students who dropped out during the year 28 Total Academic and Engineering students 269 For intermediates and finals the reports were: Intermediates. F1nals. Students reported in one subject 58 34 Students reported in two subjects 24 26 Students reported in three subjects 9 6 Students reported in four or more subjects 11 n Total reported 102 77 In eighty-five cases the subject on which a student failed at the finals was a subject on which he failed at intermediates. Other data that comes into the office from the professors and instructors shows the following results : Dean's Report, Academic Department. 183 V -M j «J3 a Of h -- 3 . 68 *• a. Subject. .civ* Iffj 11 &8 E-S*. E <■ 3 E -J= " £ 3 B 0 0 2? bee aOo sQO si;>- SQ« 3U3 sU< Biology : I. 16 4 O 12 II 0 I II. 4 0 O 4 4 0 O IV. 10 3 I 6 6 0 O VI. 4 0 0 4 4 0 O Chemistry: I. 120 2 JS 103 93 5 5 I. Laboratory: 77 73 2 2 II. 25 1 6 18 H 3 1 III. 17 0 2 15 15 0 0 V. '4 3 0 11 11 0 0 XIV. 18 0 1 17 17 0 0 English: I. 96 2 20 74 69 5 0 II. 56 4 H 3* 25 10 3 III. 29 0 3 26 26 0 0 Grad. 9* 0 0 9 9 0 0 Geology: I. 33 1 5 27 25 0 2 II. 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 III. 10 3 2 S 5 0 0 IV. 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 German: I. 40 2 10 28 25 2 1 II. S3 4 7 42 39 2 1 III. 12 0 1 11 11 0 0 Grad. 3* 0 0 3 3 0 0 Greek: I. 26 0 1 25 23 1 1 II. 29 0 2 27 27 0 0 III. 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 History : I. 77 4 '4 59 63 2 4 II. 3S 6 2 27 24 0 3 III. 16 1 2 13 12 1 0 Grad. 2* 0 1 1 1 0 0 Economics: I. 35 0 4 3' 3o 1 0 II. •5 0 2 13 '3 0 0 Grad. 5 2 0 3 3 0 0 Latin: I. 47 0 7 40 40 0 0 II. 32 2 3 27 25 1 1 III. 6 0 0 6 5 1 0 Mathematics: l. 102 8 '4 80 67 6 7 II. 39 2 2 5S 27 5 3 III. 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 Astronomy 1 1 0 0 11 11 0 0 Philosophy : I. 54 4 8 4* 73t 't .ot II. 11 6 0 5 5 0 0 Phvsics: I. 65 2 2 61 58 1 2 II. 4 0 1 3 3 0 0 III. 22 7 0 '5 '4 0 1 40 0 6 34 29 5 0 French: I. S9 2 9 48 45 3 0 II. 43 3 5 35 33 1 1 III. 6 2 1 3 3 0 0 Spanish 16 0 2 M '4 0 0 •Only the Undergrade itea In the class. t Intermed1ates and Fit: als counted separatrly. 184 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Worthy of special note is the small number of those who r.t the end of the year have failed or even been conditioned. The number of those who drop out is largest in the classes which are taken by new students: Chemistry I., English I. and II., German I. and II., History I., Latin I., Mathematics I., and French I. and II. Only Greek I., among the subjects taken by such stu dents, shows satisfactory record. The showing is significant. While some students drop out for reasons that seem not to have any connection with scholarship, knowledge of the student body confirms the indications of the table that lack of seriousness of purpose and lack of preparation, singly or in combination, cause most of those who would fail in all or the major part of their work to take occasion to leave before the end of the first year. 6. The Commencement Programme, which is bound with this number of the Quarterly, contains, as usual, the Honor Roll of those students in the Academic, Engineering, and Pharmaceutical Departments who have made a grade of eighty per cent for the year (or for the half year in the case of a few half-year studies not necessary here to be specified). This year for the first time the work in the gymnasium has received credit on this roll because it was felt that it is now on such a basis that those particularly distinguished for faithfulness and improvement and general in terest in it deserve the honor of public mention as for distinction in other subjects. The following tables show the number of Academic and En gineering students in each class who have won distinction, classi fied by number of subjects in which distinction has been won: Seniors Juniors Sophomores Freshmen Grand Acad. Eng. Acad. Eng. Acad. Eng. Acad. Eng. Total. Five or more subjects 14 . . 92 92 15 2 53 Four subjects 3 2 2 2 3 1 10 4 27 Three subjects 4 2 3 I S-. 3 4 22 Two subjects 3 1 7 2 4 1 6 5 29 One subject 13 8 4 12 4 11 6 49 No honors 3 3 10 6 13 10 13 7 65 Total at end of year 28 11 39 17 46 18 58 28 245 Of the twenty-eight Academic seniors, seven made an average grade on all of the subjects of the course of eighty-six per cent, Dean's Report, Academic Department. 185 and have thereby won election into the Vanderbilt Chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. For the third time the University sent the Uniform Entrance Examination Questions prepared under the auspices of the Asso ciation of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Southern States to its correspondents to be submitted for entrance. While the number of those who take the examinations is expected to be very large in proportion to those who will enter the University as a result of the examinations, the correspondence with the schools and the candidates this spring seems to indicate that the latter class is growing with a proportionally greater rapidity than the former. From twenty-nine schools in twenty-seven places in seven States papers were sent in from 337 individuals to be read by the officers of Vanderbilt University. Twenty of the schools are located in Tennessee. Eighty-two of the candidates came from four schools in Tennessee which have the certificating privilege. Last year twenty-eight schools in twenty-three places in six States sent in papers from 281 candidates, of whom 121 were from eight schools in Tennessee which have the certificating privilege. Including those who took partial or preliminary examinations in certain subjects, 223 candidates took examinations on less than three subjects apiece; 56 were examined on three subjects, and 58 on four or more. Last year 160 stood on less than three subjects, 49 on three, and 72 on four or more. The following table will show the work of the candidates by subjects : Latin. 1905-06. 1906-07. Passed (whole) 38 32 Passed (part) 67 36 Failed 25 22 Not read* 77 Total 130 167 *Owing to the illness of the professor of Latin, no report had been made on these papers at the time this table was prepared. Most of them are understood to be preliminary papers. 1 86 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Greek. 1905-06. 1006-07. Passed (whole) 15 17 Passed (part) 4 1 Failed 16 15 Total 35 33 Algebra. Passed (whole) 73 86 Passed (part) 26 44 Failed 19 42 Total 118 182 Geometry. Passed (whole) 54 83 Passed (part) 35 4° Failed 14 27 Total 103 150 English. Passed (whole) 64 30 Failed 50 63 Total 114 93 History. Passed (whole) 58 41 Failed 32 57 Total 00 97 Science. Passed (whole) 22 22 Failed 11 21 Not reported 14 Total 33 57 German. Passed (whole) 35 14 Failed 10 19 Total 45 33 Dean's Report, Academic Department. 187 French. 1905-06. 1906-07. Passed (whole) 28 9 Failed 5 2 Total 33 11 On the whole, it would appear that most, if not all, of the schools which set the examinations are in a condition to prepare students to enter this University. Compared with last year, there is an increase in failures which is quite conspicuous in English and history and rather marked in some other subjects. It is hard to fix on the most significant cause. In some instances it would appear that the principals exercised some more temerity than usual, allowing classes to take an examination in a subject in which they were not well prepared — perhaps to rebuke them by the results. Some of the papers were a little more difficult this year than last, but probably wisely so. Some of the readers were intentionally more exacting, feeling that the time had come to stiffen up on the minor points. This remark is especially true of the English papers in which the grading for legibility, spelling, punctuation, and ability to express ideas connectedly was stricter than heretofore. j 7. The educational situation in the southern States is full, at once, of hope and of anxiety. Nearly every State has passed important new legislation concerning public high schools. Some have even classified high schools into first, second, and third grades, prescribing a four-year curriculum for the former and correlating schools of the first grade with the State University. In every State, Tennessee included, there has been increased State and local taxation for high schools. But there is in many com munities a lack of the desire for such schools, a failure to under stand what a first-class school must be, and a disposition to be satisfied with something mediocre. There is also lack of suffi- i- it number of teachers adequately trained to act as superin tendents and principals and instructors in local school systems that culminate in the local or county high school. It is. occasion for great satisfaction and pride, in this connec tion, that of the graduates of Vanderbilt University in its Aca demic Department a round one-third are teaching, perhaps a quarter in colleges, and the rest of the third in public and private 1 88 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. schools of secondary and primary grade. It is believed that the ideas of thoroughness and the standards of scholarship which they carry away from the University have brought them and the Uni versity great credit, and have increased the value of the service they are rendering the communities in which they are at work. It is to be hoped that the Vanderbilt men in this field will not decline. There is further great satisfaction in recognizing to what an extent the requirements for entrance at Vanderbilt University have come to stand in the mind of the people in many parts of the State, and even outside, as the standard of a good high school course. Among the private schools the approval of the Univer sity, given after thorough test of the pupils of the school in the entrance examinations and in the first year of college work and attested in the granting of the certificating privilege, is by many eagerly sought and is looked upon as having great commercial value in competition with younger or less successful schools which do not have it and must struggle on without it until they have proven themselves worthy of it ; yet to give it on less ex acting terms would be to decrease its commercial value to those who lay store by that and, more especially, would take from it the significance which, from the university standpoint, gives it its very virtue. Not a few of the public school superintendents and principals look upon the standard of entrance requirements set by the university and the curricula of the approved private schools located in or known in their neighborhood as the stand ards to the attainment of which they aspire. It is not improper to single out the public high school in Union City as one which is submitting the Uniform Entrance Examinations set by the Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Southern States, in the form required for admission into Vanderbilt Uni versity, to its graduating class and proving by the results its ability to prepare them to meet the test in the full classical course. It is a source of great satisfaction to know that the superintendent who has brought the Union City schools to this standard, leaving his work there in sympathetic hands, is organizing the new Ham ilton County high school on the lines that he has developed at Union City. These two examples should do much as models for the whole State. Dean's Report, Academic Department. 189 It is logically recognized that at some point there has come to be such maturity in the student and such advancement in the subjects taught that different methods of discipline and instruc tion must be introduced; and that there must be more speciali zation on the part of the instructors and greater equipment in the way of apparatus, laboratories, and libraries ; and a much greater aggregate expense and disproportionately great per capita ex pense, the number who will pursue the higher work being less. It is believed that every carefully and thoroughly conducted effort to locate this point will but confirm the fact that it is not essen tially different from the point already taken by the first-class colleges of the land and the schools from which they draw, col leges and schools whose lead Vanderbilt University has followed in settling upon her standards and whose judgment has been confirmed and accepted by the Trustees for the Carnegie Fund for the Advancement of Teaching. Vanderbilt University admits to its Freshman Class from pre paratory and high schools, first and principally, by examination. It accepts certificates only from schools which have proven re peatedly by examination their ability to prepare for its require ments ; or from the schools, generally rather remote from it, which have been approved by other and nearer institutions of first class. Vanderbilt University, accepting and using the Uni form Entrance Examination Questions of the Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Southern States, sends out many more copies than any other Southern institution and has returned to it for grading many papers from very many schools in several States, while other institutions receive few or none. It must be recognized, however, that not the only virtue comes from the use of the questions in this way ; but very many principals carefully preserve them to use as tests at convenient times for their own satisfaction and the stimulation of their classes. The labor which the University thus assumes and puts upon its officers on the Committee on Examinations is very great and would be considered justly a burden and a hardship if it were not believed that it is thereby still doing a public service in the upbuilding of the standards of secondary education in the South. This is a worthy and important function. It is a service to the community and it will react upon the University, for the increase 190 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. in college attendance can be expected only from the increase of the number qualified to enter. 8. The Fifth Annual University-School Conference was held at the University on Friday, May 3, and the Fifth Annual Inter- scholastic Contest in Declamation for the gold medal offered by the University was held in the evening of the same day. The value both to the University and to school interests of these two events was confirmed anew by the experiences of this year. A critical report of the occasion is printed elsewhere in this number of the Quarterly and is referred to here and made an exhibit to this report. 9. The Tennessee Philological Association met with the Uni versity on the day following Thanksgiving in 1906, and is ex pected to meet with the University at the same date this year. It is perhaps somewhat broader in scope than is indicated by the name which was given it by those who, at the invitation of the faculty of the University of the South, met at Sewanee and or ganized it. It devotes itself to the discussion of questions of literary criticism and scholarship from the whole range of modern and classical languages. It is at present the only or ganization among the schoolmen of Tennessee which is not peda gogical and administrative in its character and aims ; and, as affording opportunity to cultivate scholarship under the condi tions of a round-table discussion and the good fellowship which comes with it, it is evidently serving a good purpose. It is to be regretted that distance and expense and the difficulty of securing leave of absence for even so short a time should put such ob stacles in the way of large attendance upon its meetings. 10. Several years ago the Literary Societies of Vanderbilt University petitioned the faculty to recognize the literary work done by members in regular performance of their society duties and to give college credit for it. The faculty gave the matter due consideration, but eventually laid it on the table, sympa thizing with the students in their anxiety over the low condition to which the work and interest in the societies had fallen and with their desire to improve it ; but believing that the Literary So cieties should be and remain as they were — wholly a student interest, depending on student initiative and under student con trol, entirely free from faculty supervision or control so long Dean's Report, Academic Department. 191 as they were conducted so as to bring no discredit upon the University. During the past year the societies have organized a Debating Council and given it full charge of intercollegiate debating and some duties in connection with the arrangements for intersoci- ety debating, believing that such an agency will be effective in reviving and promoting the interests of the societies. The incentive to this action came immediately from the last Trinity- Vanderbilt debate in Durham, N. C. On that trip the Vanderbilt representatives took occasion to learn of the Debating Council which is in operation there and which was introduced there from Cornell University, New York, where it became known to one of the faculty of Trinity College while he was a student. A somewhat similar system has long been in operation among the literary societies of Cornell College, Iowa, where Professor Harris, of the School of Public Expression, knew it and was active in its operations and, coming to Vanderbilt University, became an advocate of its adoption here. A study of the plan on which these bodies are organized shows an interesting analogy between it and the organizations which have for many years successfully managed the Y. M. C. A. and the athletic interests of the University. The Y. M. C. A. has a salaried Secretary ; but in addition it has an Executive Commit tee, consisting of students, members of the faculty, and local alumni, who shape its policy, direct its operations, and look after its finances. Directed by the wisdom of this council, the Secre tary and his committees carry out the work of the Association vigorously and successfully. The Athletic Association, now be come a corporation, has an Executive Committee, consisting sim ilarly of students (the captains and managers of the teams and the editor of the Hustler) and a number of members of the faculty and alumni, who give unselfishly of their time and thought to direct and sustain the athletic enterprises of the students. It has not been without great labor that these two institutions, pri marily of student enterprise and outside of the direct control of the faculty, have attained the success that is conspicuously theirs. While they have thriven, the literary societies have declined and have oftentimes attributed their decline to the competition of the 192 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. organizations which have won such success by their own ener gies. In fact, many causes have doubtless combined to hurt the literary societies. Among them are the diverse interests in college life at Vanderbilt, such as the attractions of a city and the legitimate and profitable entertainment and amusement it affords, the growth of fraternity, athletic, and Y. M. C. A. interests, and the pressure of college and class room duties ; and the necessity of depending on the small number who prize the literary contests of the debat ing society above all other forms of student contests. But it should be noticed that the two student interests which have suc ceeded have resisted each the competition of the other and of all other interests by a form of organization which is adapted to the situation ; while the literary societies have hitherto maintained the same loose, ineffective form of organization that sufficed when the literary society interests were unquestionably the dominant interests in student life. The reorganization which they have just undertaken is not therefore an experiment; but the adoption in this line of student endeavor of the methods that analogous lines of student endeavor have used with success. Each of the three literary societies — the Philosophic, the Dia lectic (each open to the students of any department of the Uni versity), and the recently organized John Marshall Law Club (open to members of the Law Department and to those members of the Academic Department who are looking forward to the study of law) — elects three members of the Council. These student members elect two members of the Academic Faculty and one member each from the Biblical and Law Faculties. The body thus chosen constitutes the Debating Council, to which the societies have given full authority to arrange for intercol legiate debates and to select in such manner as they may see fit the members of the societies who shall represent the University; the Council also is expected to act as a Committee of Arrange ments in carrying out the various intersociety debating contests. The members of the faculty thus selected have consented to act ; and already have shown that, busy as they are with many things, they will feel the obligation to service which the position puts upon them. It is confidently believed that the change will prove beneficial and that this student interest also, guided by counselors of the students' own choosing, will speedily begin to revive. Freder1ck W. Moore. The Immortality of the Soul. 193 AN ARGUMENT FOR THE IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL* BY REV. HENRY STILES BRADLEY, D.D. Dr. Bradley's sermon was as unusual as it was appropriate to the occasion and the audience. Addressed to young men and young women just finishing a prolonged course of study at col lege where the methods and principles of scientific reasoning pre vail, it was a scholarly argument for immortality. There is nothing inherently improbable in immortality, said the preacher in substance; for, on the contrary, there are many facts in science which render the belief in it reasonable. For instance, no man can deny the fact of life. The surface of the earth is covered with living things, grading from the giant red woods of California to the molds and mildews which appear as stains upon the pavement. Where will you find a cubic inch of soil that is not the home of from one to millions of living things? The sea is a great abode of life. Not only does the whale romp in its depths and turn its surface into a small tempest, but count less species of fish find it their cradle; and there is not a drop on its surface that is not a veritable miniature world whose micro scopic inhabitants are marvels of beauty and grace as they dance in the sun and turn the wake of steamers into rivers of fire with their gleam in the night. Life is a fact, and living things vary in their complexity from unicellular protoplasmic granules to specialized forms, like fowls and quadrupeds ; but no life has been discovered without the chem ical compositions called proteids. Seventy-two parts of carbon, one hundred and twelve parts of hydrogen, eighteen parts of oxy gen, twenty-two parts of nitrogen, and a variable amount of sul phur must convene under proper conditions of heat, moisture, pressure, and other circumstances before the phenomenon of life can occur. Life is a fact, and scientists have identified the elements which are common to all forms of life in one and the same combination, *Preached at Vanderbilt University Commencement Sunday, June 16r 1907. Here given in condensed form. 194 Vandcrbilt University Quarterly. but not common to anything without life in the same combina tion. Life is a fact, but not an accident. Then in a vivid word picture the preacher described the imaginary coming of some wizard of another universe to the earth when it was without life, and the efforts he may have made to create life. He may be imagined to have identified the elements, nearly eighty of them, and to have begun to make all possible combinations of them — first with one atom of each, and then with two, and so on. If he should have continued the process until he had reached as high as one hundred and twelve atoms of each combination of three, devoting twelve minutes to each experiment, he would have consumed 28,000 years and made 142,000,000 experiments. These myriad combinations would have produced various and strange results. There would have been explosions untold and noxious gasses enough to have killed a world of living things. When, for instance, he happened upon the combination of iron and aluminum, in proper proportions, he would have produced thermit, which gives off heat of 5,200 degrees Fahrenheit. There would have been explosions enough to wreck a world time and time again, and noxious gases that would have destroyed myriads upon myriads of living forms had they been in existence; but when would he have hit upon the combination of seventy-two parts of carbon, one hundred and twelve parts of hydrogen, eighteen parts of oxygen, twenty-two parts of nitrogen, with some proportion of sulphur? Even if he could live eternally and hit upon the right combina tion of chemical elements and atoms, there is no guarantee that life would result. Men of our own generation have combined the atoms in the right proportion many times, and have passed electric currents through the mass, and have applied every known form of energy; but the mass has stubbornly remained lifeless. From the standpoint of the scientist, to suppose that seventy- two atoms of carbon, one hundred and twelve atoms of hydro gen, eighteen of oxygen, twenty-two of nitrogen, and some variable quantity of sulphur ever got together by mere chance and produced vital energy is just as absurd as to suppose that an ancient Greek took a helmet full of dice, each containing a letter of the Greek alphabet, shook them up, and poured them out time after time until he struck a happy series of chances, pouring out, The Immortality of the Soul. 195 line after line, intelligible words which when examined were found to be the complete Iliad of Homer. The wonder grows as we contemplate that there is no form of life that does not manifest the properties by which motion is produced, none that does not have the capacity to respond to a stimulus, that does not exercise the destructive and upbuilding energies and the reproductive processes. Indeed, the smallest amoeba, that would consume half a day in moving across the head of a pin, possesses all of these properties as truly as the horse or any other well-developed form of life. No individual organism lives forever. In time it loses its vitality ; but in life it provides for succeeding organisms like itself. The fertilized cell of a human being has locked within its in finitesimal walls all of the forces that will determine not only the trunk, the arms, the legs, the eyes, the nostrils, and the circu latory, digestive, nervous, and other organs, the color of the hair and of the eyes, and the tones of the voice, but also such predilec tions as talent. From the standpoint of inherent probability, there is less likelihood of the wonder of the reproduction and the transmission of hereditary powers than that personality should survive the shock of death. We believe the one set of phenomena not because we understand them, but because we know and are witnesses to their manifold occurrences; and shall we deem it altogether unreasonable to believe the other set simply because we do not understand them? Analogy strengthens the reasonableness of the belief. Take the case of the transformation of the caterpillar into a butterfly. Not only is it true that the insect is transformed into a chrysalis and that after several months of rest the perfectly metamor phosed butterfly emerges from the shrouds of death, but also that there is nothing in the living caterpillar to suggest the chrysa lis and nothing in the young chrysalis to suggest the butterfly. You may section the egg and the larva and the pupa in their early stages with the finest microtome and examine the parts, cell by cell, microscopically, and you will fail to find anything to indicate the coiled sucking tube, the compound eye, or the brilliant wing of the imago which is sure to follow. No caterpillar ever saw a butterfly emerge from the chrysalis case. To the caterpillar the cocoon is the end. If he should 196 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. look up from his meal of rank vegetation and see the butterfly flitting about the morning-glories and tasting the nectar of the hollyhocks, he would think an angel had made him a visit. And if the butterfly paused to observe the glutton that feeds upon the acrid leaves and weeds beneath, he would wonder if he ever could have enjoyed such food. Now in the face of all these facts of everyday science, is it reasonable to assert that man, the paragon of all animals, who thinks and wills and loves, should find the grave the end of all, and that his hope of a future life enlarged, glorified, and abundant is unreasonable? Matter is indestructible. Pulverize a piece of coal and sow the dust upon the ocean. Lost to human use. it may be, but not destroyed. Gather up the particles, and there will be as much coal as before. Mere physical separation is not destruction ; and all educated men know that burning no more truly destroys coal than pulverizing it. Warming a piece of ice melts it, heating the water will evaporate it; but there will still remain the same number of molecules of hydrogen and oxygen in the solid, the liquid, and the gaseous forms. Every atom that is here has always been here. The destruction of one atom would wreck the uni verse. Energy is all conserved. When the tree was growing, the sun light was being stored; and now, when you burn the coal, you release bottled sunshine. The heat from the coal converts the water into steam. Steam, by its nature occupying 1,600 times as much space as water, presses against the steam chamber in all di rections, and by a system of valves and pistons converts the elastic ity of the steam and the heat of the coal into the motion of the wheel. By applying a band to the wheel and the dynamo, rotary motion is converted into electricity. By running wires of copper and of carbon to and through a bulb, we may convert the elec tricity into light. Exactly as much heat will be developed by the friction of the machine as we utilize from the burning coal; exactly as much light will be emitted from the bulb as we have utilized of that which the tree absorbed. If this be true of matter and of energy, what, then, become of the higher forms of energy, like genius and love? What has become of the genius of Shakespeare, Milton, and Ten nyson? Hugo had said: "For half a century I have been. The Immortality of the Soul. 197 writing my thoughts, but I feel that I have not said a thou sandth part of what is in me. When I go to the grave I can say, like many others, that I have finished my day's work, but not that I have finished my life. My days will begin again the next morning. The tomb is not a blind alley. It is a thoroughfare. It closes on the twilight to open the dawn." So must it appear not unreasonable to believe in the fact of im mortality. Belief in the fact of immortality is old. The past is strewn with the wrecks of institutions that were not fit to survive ; but the idea of immortality has lived on. It does not belong to modern Christendom. It was held by the Greeks centuries be fore Christ. Nor did it originate with them. The Egyptians believed it thousands of years before the Greeks came; and long before the Pharoahs settled the valley of the Nile the savages placed ornaments, weapons, tools, and food with which the spirits of the dead should begin the life beyond the grave. The belief has survived as by instinct, and is it unreasonable to believe that the Creator of life intended it to live and grow on ? Thousands have ignored the belief or denied it; but Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle believed ; Cicero, Caesar, and Marcus Aurelius did. There were thousands in Palestine who did not believe it; but Jesus, John, and Paul did. Many Frenchmen did not believe it ; but Henry of Navarre, Montesquieu, and Hugo did. Luther, Melancthon, and Bismarck believed it ; Milton and Gladstone did ; and thousands in America did not believe it, but the framers of our constitution did, and every man who was called to the presi dency, and every great statesman did. Even Robert Ingersoll, standing above the shrouded form of his brother, said : "Life is a narrow vale between the cold and narrow peaks of two eter nities. We strive in vain to look beyond its heights. We cry aloud, and the only answer is the echo of our wailing cry. But in the night of death, Hope sees a star, and listening Love can hear the rustle of a wing. He who sleeps here, when dying, mistaking the approach of Death for the return of health, whispered with his latest breath, T am better now.' Let us believe, in spite of doubt and dogmas, of fears and tears, that these words are true of all the countless dead." The splint upon the horse's leg argues a four-toed ancestry. 14 198 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. The wing implies an atmosphere; the fin, an ocean. The eye de mands light for its explanation ; the ear, sound for its interpre tation. A child cries when it wants bread. The cry for food is nature's assertion that there is bread somewhere. Goethe lies dying and says : "I want liberty, life, light, more light ; and there is more light somewhere." If thirst implies the existence of wa ter, fatigue of sleep, hunger of bread, and inquiry of truth, then universal longing implies immortality. And if not, then God leads us along a path of knowledge only to mock us with a false conclu sion at the end. THE PURSUIT OF SCIENCE A BENEFIT TO SOCIETY.* BY PRESIDENT IRA REMSEN, PH.D., LL.D. Science has had its antagonists from the first. Among the latest of them is a certain cult of Frenchmen who have coined the phrase: "Science is bankrupt." The phrase is spoken in all seriousness, and it has filled with enthusiasm a number of those who are generally looked upon as leaders of the intellectual world. The statement that "science is bankrupt" means that science has failed to keep its promises, that it has not met and cannot meet its obligations ; or, to use language somewhat less commercial, it has not accomplished what it set out to accom plish, and the world is disappointed in its results. It signifies, further, that mankind has been led to hope that it was to be ele vated by science, that mankind has not been elevated to any marked degree, and that science is responsible for the condition of things. Now if science is bankrupt, if it is not contributing to the improvement of society, but is doing it injury, it should be stopped. But as a matter of fact larger and larger numbers are engaging in scientific work year by year, larger and larger sums of money are being spent in the equipment of laboratories for scientific work, and the world is becoming more and more interested in this kind of work. In view of these facts, it has seemed to me that it would not be wholly unprofitable to spend the time at my *Delivered June 18 on the occasion of the presentation of Furman Hall. Here given in condensed form. The Pursuit of Science a Benefit to Society. 199 disposal in discussion of the question raised: "Is the pursuit of science beneficial or injurious to the human race?" It is well to begin with definitions. The broadest definition of science is "knowledge" — "that which one knows." Science is also defined as "organized knowledge." As used in this discussion, the word refers more especially to natural science — that is to say, that branch of science which has to do with nature. To illustrate the significance of the definitions given, let me take as an example the particular science with which I am most familiar. How did chemistry come to be a science? It will not be necessary to go very far back in the history of the world to find the time when there was no science of chemistry; and yet men have been familiar with many chemical phenomena from the earliest times. Those of fire, fermentation in its various forms, of decay, etc., are among the most common of these. But the development of the science of chemistry was made possible only by the labors of successive generations of those who devoted themselves to a special study of the chemical phenomena. It was only after ages, too, that this knowledge became systematized. Then for the first time it was the science of chemistry. The facts became known. Then the general laws and principles under lying the facts were discovered. These laws and principles in turn led to the discovery of new facts. Speculation was indulged in, and theories were involved which came and went; but each time the principles became deeper and stronger. The history of the growth of the science of chemistry is typical of the growth of all the other natural sciences. The earth pre sents us with innumerable problems of the most interesting kind, and we have implanted in us the desire to know. The pursuit of science is nothing but an expression of this desire. Is it not better to know than not to know ? Would the world be better off than it now is if scientific discoveries could be blotted out and we could go back to the time before science was ? Does any one seriously think that the world has been injured by increase of knowledge ? In the early periods of the world, when man was in his primitive stages, knowledge of the environment was gained by the ordinary daily observations that he could not help making. In this way much knowledge was accumulated. But not so much but that it 300 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. must needs be supplemented by imagination. When the imagin ings of active minds failed to satisfy, theories were invented ; and in the philosophical period speculation regarding the unseen causes of things seen became rampant. Learned men undertook to solve the problems of the universe by mental processes. The philos opher in his attic and the monk in his cell might continue for a time to evolve many thoughts suggested by the observations made by them upon the outer world; but sooner or later their material must give out and they will be threshing old straw. They could not tell us what we want to know, for they shut them selves off from the source of knowledge. We have not yet passed the speculative stage in which the theories evolved are out of proportion to the facts. We have not yet passed the stage in which the suspicion is still harbored in the minds of some that those who acquire knowledge by the experi mental method, who therefore work with their hands, are some what inferior to those who only think and reason and speculate. But on the whole we have reached a stage in which the labora tory is playing a controlling part in the onward movement of the world. The scientific laboratory supplements the more direct study of the outer world and helps in two ways: it shows the world how to deal with problems of every kind, whether in the realm of material or of psychical phenomena; and it contrib utes to the stock of knowledge in that particular field cultivated by it. The need to learn of Science and her ways is illustrated in cur rent discussions of national policy. The great majority of us can not discuss them without showing prepossession in favor of one side and against the other ; we cannot argue without calling our opponents names. But the true scientific investigator has no bias. He is on the jury until all the evidence is in. He is to consider the evidence and give his judgment in accordance with the facts. As to the second head, if the object of science is to discover truth, every branch of science gives evidence of the success that has attended the labors of investigators. Science is not bankrupt. Draw freely upon her, and the drafts will all be honored. But if the test is to be the discovery of something useful and practi cal, something to eat and to drink and to enjoy, something to decrease the pains of living and to increase the delights of the The Pursuit of Science a Benefit to Society. 201 senses, science has plainly nothing to fear from an examination which serves only to reveal the embarrassment of riches. But the highest test is the wholesomeness of the results of scientific investigation on social conditions. Few will make denial of the fundamental proposition that mankind is slowly advancing and that the average standard of conduct is improving. It would be impossible, perhaps, to show directly what part science has had in the improvement; but it can be shown that certain definite results have followed in the wake of increased knowledge, and it can be made at least highly probable that scientific investigation is one of the great forces at work modifying the conduct of men. Thus one of the arguments formerly most used against science was its antagonism to religion. It is not much used nowadays. It is more and more recognized that science can do no true harm to religion, but can only strengthen it. The more we know of the works of God, the more we must be impressed with the greatness of him who performed them. Scientific investigation in answering certain questions is rais ing a host of others. The mystery of the universe appears great est to him who knows most about it. Matter is incomprehensi ble to man and cannot be adequately characterized in ideas that are finite. It is not particularly the business of the scientific man to dream, and yet dream he will. Let me tell you of the dream of a certain distinguished French chemist. The results of in vestigation already accomplished indicate that in the future meth ods will perhaps be devised for the artificial preparation of food from the water and carbonic acid so abundantly furnished by nature. Man, not finding it necessary to work as hard as he does at present to keep himself alive, will work to elevate himself in tellectually and morally. I, too, have had a dream, but it did not have to do with foodstuffs nor with agriculture, but with things less material. I dreamed of the time when, by continued scien tific investigation, man will more clearly recognize the truth, what ever it may be, when he will more clearly see the relation of things, when he will instinctively obey sanitary and moral laws, when he will recognize the essential truths underlying religions, and will be guided by them. Science has no quarrels either with religion or with literature. 202 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. One does not interfere with the other, but all work together for the uplifting of man. Narrow-minded men there are, and extremists infest every class ; but nothing is more unscientific than an extremist, and those who have tendencies in that direction would do well to learn to breathe the scientific spirit. ALUMNI POEM.* BY GEORGE BEVERLY WINTON, '83. ALMA MATER— AVIA! Our Vanderbilt's a grandma,t though of course she doesn't look it. With the brand-new gown and bonnet which she wears; And at her belt an Indian scalp — McGugin's boys they took it — And a face which the Commission freed from cares. Her boys are growing gray now, a second generation Is rattling through the halls we trooped along; Football and "frats," unknown of old, absorb the whole creation ; And instead of "boning" now, they hop or sing a song. Likewise the college yell has come, a wonderful invention (In '83 the rebel yell still echoed of "de-wah"), But Grandma is not nervous ; she pays but small attention To their "locomotive," 'rah, 'rah, "Sis, boom, Ah-h !" Wesley Hall was new then, the Dean was also new, The theologues were young and green — how different all is now ! Kissam and West Side, names unknown, for hereabout then grew A jungle for the rabbit and the cow. Those days the co-ed was a joy; we thought the study of her A "snap" that any boy, however dull, would take; We passed her 'round and courted her — she wasn't any bother ! But now they start a "rough house" and her life a burden make. So thus we see on every side how tempora mutantur ; We boys of other years all shake our heads and frown; "It isn't any use," the naughty sevens answer; "You back numbers just go 'way back and sit down!" Ah, well, dear Grandmamma, we have our consolation, Your family, already large, is growing all the while : Doctors, lawyers, dentists, preachers, a thriving generation, And their mother has for all a loving smile. *Read at the dinner of the Vanderbilt Alumni, June 17, 1907. tThe writer has a son in the Class of '07. v University News. 203 And they, strong men, on whom the world's work now is pressing Turn back from year to year to look her in the face; And while upon their heads are laid her hands once more in blessing. A manly choir they thunder out their Alma Mater's praise. SALVE IMMORALIS ! Mother of men and of men's sons, all hail ! Out of unwithered youth, defiant of years. Strong runs thy tide of life to nourish still The generations pressing each on each. About thy feet they cling and look on thee. Fair is that face and good ; the envious days Whiten the hair and plow the cheeks of men, But thou — thou'rt ever young; they touch not thee! Hail, Mother ! we who must grow old salute : Behold our sons — and thine ! And later thou Shalt make our sons' sons love the things we love, So standing 'twixt the living and the dead. Thou art a part of all that thou hast made, And all of these are part likewise of thee ; So dead, in thee they yet shall live, and thou Shalt live the lustier for that they have been. Fair rose thy star upon a troubled sea; Thy fountain sweet has mingled with the brine ■ In the thick mists thy sun has struggled long; Thy breath ambrosial spent itself abroad. Yet star and sun and fountain and fair winds Work their slow miracle amid the years ; The bitter waters are made sweet, the land Blooms where before was desert, and for thee! And thou wilt make it still a goodlier land, Mother of souls, to put a spirit in man ! For all about us they grow faint and fail, Wailing in bitterness : "There is no soul !" It is for this we love thee, still for this, That in a clamorous and hasty world Thy voice is calm, thy breast serene; on thee Believing yet abides the spirit's peace. 204 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. And shall thy sons be of yet larger mold, Increasing with the stature of the world ? Shall soul in them o'er body still prevail, That man may ever liker be to God? Thine 'tis to make it so; let them but learn, O Mother, of thy wisdom ; let them grow Fair with thy beauty; let them ampler bear The image and the stamp of her they love ! Forgive, we pray, the pride with which we trace Alike in aging and in boyish face the mark Which thou hast left upon these sons of thine, All goodlier for what they have of thee. These are the men who early learned to love Things of the soul more than the world of sense ; What time they walked with thee the ways serene To learning and to soul-growth consecrate. Forthfaring now into the world, they hold, Amid the roar and bustle of mere things, Against the tug of avarice and coarse lust, That higher way and calm they learned of thee. Happy the land1 wherein thou hast sat down ! Not mines nor marts, not factories nor highways Choked with fat commerce, can such blessing bring As thou has brought in these strong sons of thine. Hushed be the boastful word ; let others say, Rather than we, what men of Vanderbilt Can do, shall do, are doing to make sure In all the land the fame of her they love. Our day runs swiftly downward to its night. Not thine, Undying One, no night is thine! Thee we salute who are about to die, For dying we shall rejoice to live in thee. One after one thy sons pass on ; each year Some join us here no more to clink the glass And jar the taper's flame with lusty joy; Yet seeing thee remain, our hearts are strong. All hail, Immortal One ! The baffled years, Since neither death nor age can touch thee, smile, And leave, with often increase of thy sons, Some added grace to make thee fairer still. Un1vers1ty News THE THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. Each day of the commencement season had its chief event. The sermon on Sunday was one of unusual power and attractive ness. Alumni Day was a busy and effective one, culminating in the announcement of a large gift from Mr. W. K. Vanderbilt. Tuesday witnessed the presentation of Furman Hall and the ac tion of the Board of Trust in electing six additional members — four on the nomination of the Alumni Association. Wednesday brought the largest class that has ever been recommended for de grees by the faculties of the five departments which join in the exercises of Commencement Day. Including the Departments of Medicine and Dentistry, which held their graduation exercises on May 1 and May n, respectively, one hundred and eighty-seven degrees were conferred in 1907. Class Day Exerc1ses. The class exercises and promenade of the Academic and En gineering Seniors were held on Saturday evening on the lawn, near the Chancellor's residence. To the Vanderbilt Woman's Club is due the credit for this pleasant annual function. This year the spectacle seemed to be unusually brilliant, perhaps be cause of the delightful weather and large crowd. Many hundreds of incandescent lights and Japanese lanterns were hung in the arches and on lines strung between the trees. The Mechanical Hall force of electricians and carpenters spend many days of hard work in preparing for this annual fete champitre. At the south end of the lawn was a pavilion in charge of the girls of the Theta Delta Theta Sorority, who served frappe to the guests ; while at the other end of the lawn a similar function was exer cised by the Kappa Alpha Thetas, who had chosen a number of large trees to support their decorations and a handsome copy in electric lights of the society's badge. 206 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. The amphitheater of seats for the spectators was placed in the midst of this gayly illumined field. In medias res was the Senior Class, who smoked the traditional council pipe, with real tobacco for the men and tea leaves for the "co-eds." From time to time they sent forth one of their number to mount a table which four years ago had served them as a desk for matriculation, and thence deliver the messages the class had for the expectant crowd. Ernest W. Goodpasture was the historian of the class, and gave not only the chronicle of its achievements, but also a record of each individual's idiosyncrasies for the benefit of future biog raphers. A quartet, composed of Charles C. Washburn and three '07 men — Robert F. Vaughan, Frank P. Smart, and Morton B. Howell (third of those now having that name) — rendered comic songs. Robert F. Vaughan was the perpetrator of the class poem, which received an enthusiastic welcome. Considerable disap pointment to the majority of the audience was occasioned by the failure of the Class Satirist to produce the annual "roast" of the University Faculty, but the latter seemed to pocket any discom fiture they may have felt over the omission. After these exer cises, the crowd dispersed for promenade and conversation until midnight sounded from Big Ben in the University Tower. De Pierri's Italian band furnished the music for the occasion. The Commencement Sermon. The Commencement Sermon was preached at 11 o'clock, June 16, in the University Chapel, by Dr. Henry Stiles Bradley, of St. John's M. E. Church, South, St. Louis, who has a national repu tation as a clergyman and lecturer. His subject, ''Modern Sci ence and the Belief in Immortality," formed the basis for one of the most able sermons ever heard in this City of Churches. It was a scholarly, scientific, and philosophical discussion of the presumptions in favor of the immortality of the soul. He an alyzed the doubts of agnostics and brought forth strong argu ments to show the reasonableness of the hope of the hereafter which all men entertain. The large audience that filled the au ditorium was greatly pleased with the logical and forceful pres entation of the preacher's great theme. The rich, full voice, the impressive presence and manner of the speaker, and the rare University News. 207 thought of the discourse made the reading of his carefully pre pared manuscript a real delight for the audience. A condensed report of the sermon appears elsewhere. Alumn1 Day. It has been noted from year to year that the number of alumni returning to the University is augmented at each commence ment. Not only do certain alumni, well-known for their fidelity, maintain their records, however far afield the glad season finds them, but recent classes are developing a spirit of loyal attend ance. Especially is this true of certain of the twentieth century classes, who have a reunion each year. An effort was made this year by the Association to get back many of the men of '77, '87, and '97, but the endeavor met with only partial success. With this increased attendance there is noticeable a great growth in enthusiasm and alumni pride in the University. Alumni Business Meeting. The annual business meeting of the Alumni Association was held in the Faculty Room, in College Hall, on June 17, at 2 p.m., with President Percy D. Maddin in the chair. Besides the faithful who always attend these meetings — such, for example, as James A. Robins, of McKenzie — there were a number of less frequent visitors on hand. Dr. E. E. Barnard was an interested partici pant from the beginning. Others from a distance who might be mentioned were E. I. Crockett, of Pueblo, Colo., T. H. Brewer, of Spartanburg, S. C., Elliott H. Jones, of Kansas City, Mo., John P. Turner, of Weatherford, Tex., W. B. Ricks, of Bowling Green, Ky., W. B. Beauchamp, of Louisville, Ky. Seldom have these annual meetings brought out a better attendance. Very considerable business was transacted at this session, pro longing it to about six o'clock. After a short address by the president, a special order was made for taking up immediately the question of nomination of alumni candidates for the Board of Trust. Ten names of prominent alumni were presented by the Nominating Committee appointed some weeks before by the Executive Committee of the Association. The report was unani mously accepted, and Messrs. Keeble, Robins, and Witt were ap pointed as legates to bear the ten names to the Committee of the 208 Vandcrbilt University Quarterly. Board of Trust on Nominations. The Association was later gratified to learn that the Board accepted four names from the list submitted — those of Messrs. Charles N. Burch, '88, J. C. McReynolds, '82, Charles W. Byrd, '8o-'81, and Eugene J. Buf- fington, '81-'83. The report of the Treasurer showed as usual a meager balance in the treasury. Dr. J. T. Gill rendered a report as to the prog ress of the alumni catalogue, enbracing all departments of the University. A vote of thanks to Dean F. W. Moore for his signal services in this arduous work was passed, and the Com mittee was instructed to proceed with its labors and bring out the catalogue as they should see fit. The question of adoption of a permanent plan for presenting alumni nominees for places on the Board of Trust elicited much discussion. The suggestions of Robert L. Burch and Dean F. W. Moore were finally referred to the Executive Committee, with instructions to report as to the most feasible at the next meeting ; meanwhile, the present plan was continued. The movement to raise $600 from the alumni to secure a replica of the bust of Chancellor Garland, destroyed in the fire of 1905, was reported by President Maddin as making rapid progress. The following officers for 1907-1908 were elected: President, Whitefoord R. Cole, '94. Vice President, R. H. Peoples, '96. Secretary, Dr. B. E. Young, '96. Treasurer, Robert L. Burch, '92. Historian, Dr. J. T. McGill, '79. Orator, Dr. W. J. Young, '79- Poet, H. Grantland Rice, '01. The Executive Committee will consist of the President, the Sec retary, and the Treasurer ex off1cio, and in addition John H. De Witt and Will R. Manier. Alumni-Senior Ball Game. On account of the large volume of business demanding the at tendance of the Association this year, the annual baseball game between the Seniors and Alumni was omitted, with the promise of a "double-header" in 1908. University News. 209 The Alumni Dinner. The Alumni Dinner in point of attendance compared favorably with the gathering of 1905 when Governor Folk was present. Such elaborate preparations had been made by the management to avoid the embarrassing circumstances of last year that the crowd of about 260 was handled without trouble. Everybody had his material wants satisfied. So far as possible, the various classes and groups of old friends were seated together, making the occasion doubly enjoyable for them. In the unavoidable absence of the President, Allen G. Hall acted as toastmaster, and performed this function with his usual inimitable humor and good taste. After returning thanks, the company proceeded to enjoy the excellent dinner of five courses, served by Mrs. J. T. McGill and her lieutenants from the campus community. The many compliments received by the Association upon the "spread" are really due these ladies, who did all the hard work. Mr. Hall then introduced the chief speaker of the evening, Dr. Edward Emerson Barnard, '93, of the Yerkes Observatory. Of Dr. Barnard's notable address it is not our purpose to speak in full at this time, as it will be printed in a later number. He held the undivided attention of his hearers from the begin ning, and was frequently interrupted by prolonged applause. His recital of his early endeavors as an astronomer were received with intense interest. The great astronomer's simplicity of man ner, his delightful humor, and the graphic power of his description, all contributed to make his address one of the most notable ever delivered here. As one of our foremost Methodist dignitaries said : "It was calculated to make one a better man for having heard it, and to give encouragement to every ambitious young man face to face with great obstacles." The Glee Club Quartet, led by Charles C. Washburn, ren dered a fine selection, after which the toastmaster introduced the Alumni Poet, Dr. George Beverly Winton, '83, who read a poem entitled, "Alma Mater — Avia! Salve Immortalis!" eliciting ap preciative plaudits. Dr. Winton's characterizations of Vanderbilt University as now in the "grandmother" class was given addi tional point by his having a son in the class of '07. While Walter F. Winton is not the earliest "grandson" chronologically, 210 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. we believe this is the first time the genealogy has been celebrated by a real poet. Alfred E. Howell, '78-'81, rendered next a violin solo from the Traviata of Verdi, an innovation that was much appreciated. Following came speeches from representatives of the "Seven" classes. Judge Oscar R. Hundley, '77, of the United States Dis trict Court, Huntsville, Ala., being the first. Judge Hundley gave many reminiscences of the infant days of the University and of his struggles as a graduate of a little-known institution. He confessed that his first earnings came from putting a patent churn upon a reluctant market. He paid a fine tribute to his classmate, the late Bishop John J. Tigert. W. H. Witt. '87, claimed for his class the distinction of having been the only class at Vanderbilt University to be taught by Dr. Barnard in astronomy. He also paid an affectionate tribute to Chancellor Garland. He commented upon the high plane upon which life at Vanderbilt has been pitched from the first, and the growing heritage of good character and the. spirit of fair dealing which succeeding classes receive and are under obligation to pass on increased and not diminished. 'Ninety-seven was represented by Myles P. O'Connor. He recalled impartially not only the good things the class had done but also the bad — such as its celebrated class yell : Big Jo, Little Jo, Come seben, come 'leben ; V. U., V. U., Ninety-seven. Yet he was unable to make out as good a case for the achieve ments of his class as did Hughes for the "famous class of '96," even in the matter of birth rate. In the absence of the '07 representative, Dr. Hall called upon Hugh A. Locke, of the Senior Law Class, to respond on behalf of the graduating class. Mr. Locke made a short but felicitous ad dress. President Ira Remsen, of Johns Hopkins University, who had just arrived, was begged for a few words. He made a highly enjoyable talk of five minutes, recalling the pleasant relations existing between the two Universities, and relating a number of excellent stories. Un iversity News . 211 An innovation in the programme of toasts was a response by the representative of the Pan-Hellenic Association, Robert E. Blake. Jeff McCarn, '94, who was down for "The Annual Re port of the University Muckraker," was ill and unable to be pres ent. Morton B. Howell, III., rendered several comic songs, and then W. T. Sanders, '88, spoke for the Board of Trust. He laid especial stress upon the responsibility of the alumni in the up building of the University, and the necessity for their active par ticipation in its government. Chancellor Kirkland was called upon for the toast that the alumni always demand of him. He spoke in his usual delightful after-dinner style. Great enthusiasm followed his announce ment of gifts from Mr. W. K. Vanderbilt in the sum of $150,000. Malcolm R. Patterson, '79-'81, Governor of Tennessee, re sponded to the toast, "The University and the State." Suffering from fatigue and indisposition, Governor Patterson made but a short response, conveying his felicitations to the assembly and begging off from any extended exploration of his somewhat over-ample subject. The thirty-second Annual Dinner broke up amid class yells and congratulations upon the happy occasion. The Board of Trust. Nineteen members of the Board of Trust were present: Na thaniel Baxter, Nashville, Tenn. ; Judge Newnan Cayce, Colum bus, Miss. ; Dr. R. M. Standefer, Spring City, Tenn. ; Bishop E. R. Hendrix, Kansas City, Mo., Dr. R. W. Browder, Bowling Green, Ky. ; Allen R. Carter, Louisville, Ky. ; Judge W. C. Rat- cliffe, Little Rock, Ark. ; Bishop Charles B. Galloway, Jackson, Miss. ; Samuel Cupples, St. Louis, Mo. ; Dr. J. H. Dye. Little Rock, Ark. ; Judge William L. Moose, Morrillton, Ark. ; Bishop Seth Ward, Houston, Tex. ; Hon. W. T. Sanders, Athens, Ala. ; Chancellor J. H. Kirkland ; W. R. Cole, Nashville, Tenn. ; Samuel J. Keith, Nashville, Tenn.; G. M. Neely, Nashville, Tenn.; Bishop J. S. Key, Sherman, Tex. ; and Dr. G. B. Winton, Nashville, Tenn. The absentees were Col. G. W. Martin, Martin, Tenn. ; J. R. Pep per, Memphis, Tenn.; Major R. W. Millsaps, Jackson, Miss.; Bishop W. W. Duncan, Spartanburg, S. C. ; and Bishop A. W. Wilson. 212 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Bishop Galloway presided as usual, and Whitefoord R. Cole was elected Secretary in place of Bishop Tigert. Besides the va cancy due to the death of Bishop Tigert, there were eight other positions which the Board is privileged to fill before reaching the maximum of thirty-three fixed by the charter and the laws of the State. The Board determined to fill five of these positions at this time besides filling the vacancy. Six new members were there fore elected: Mr. William K. Vanderbilt, as a representative of the family which founded the institution and, next to his father and grandfather, the largest giver to its needs, who has repeatedly met unavoidable deficits in the annual budgets, and has on a num ber of occasions, as is elsewhere related, increased the invested funds of the University; Mr. John B. Ransom, of Nashville, Tenn., a prominent business man with large lumbering and manufacturing interests and an influential member of West End Methodist Church ; Rev. C. W. Byrd, a student from 1880 to 188 1, and now pastor of West End Methodist Church; Charles N. Burch, B.A. '88, LL.B. '89, now General Solicitor of the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad, with offices in Memphis, Tenn., formerly at the head of the legal department of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, for some time a professor in the Law Depart ment of the University, and always a loyal and active alumnus; James C. McReynolds, B.S. '82, until recently Assistant Attorney- General of the United States, appointed by President Roosevelt, at present special counsel for the government in the prosecution of the Tobacco Trust, formerly professor in the Law Department, and for many years a most valuable legal adviser of the University as well as active alumnus; and Mr. E. J. Buffington, President of the Illinois Steel Company, of Chicago, 1ll., who was a student at the University from '81 to '83, and who has shown his interest in its welfare on various occasions, subscribing largely to the Alumni Fund for the restoration of the building destroyed by fire. The last four were selected by the Board from a list of nomi nees presented by the Alumni Association. Four of the six are not communicants of the Methodist Church, South. This is an unusual circumstance, though at least once before, in the case of Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt, the second, the Board has not hesi tated to elect to membership the men it wanted regardless of University News. 213 Church affiliations. Mr. Ransom was elected to a position on the Executive Committee in place of Bishop Tigert. The report of the Commission appointed by the General Con ference, in May, 1906, was laid before the Board. It was re ceived and ordered to be filed in resolutions which read as fol lows: Whereas the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in session at Birmingham, Ala., May, 1906. appointed a Commission to report upon the following matters : "1. To inquire into and determine the present relations of the Vander- bilt University to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. "2. To take legal steps, if necessary, to perfect the transfer of the Uni versity from the patronizing Conferences to the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. "3. To define the charter rights of the bishops of the Methodist Epis copal Church, South." And whereas the Commission has concluded its labors and reported the results of its deliberations to the Board of Trust of Vanderbilt University — Resolved: 1. That we cordially receive the same, and direct that it be filed with the records of this Board. 2. That we hereby express our appreciation of the ability and fidelity with which the members of the Commission have discharged their im portant duties. 3. That, recognizing and rejoicing in the ownership of the Church in the University, and all the responsibilities arising therefrom, we welcome any supervision by the College of Bishops that may aid us in executing the great trust committed to our hands, "so as to insure the observance of the charter, the conditions of specific gifts, and the statutes of the State." The Board accepted the resignation of Professor Granbery Jackson, B.E. '94, C.E. '95, who retires to devote himself to gener al practice of his profession, and particularly to manage his phos phate interests at his home in Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. It also ac cepted the resignation of Mr. Edwin Wiley, Instructor in English and Assistant Librarian, who has accepted a position in the Li brary of Congress. Adjunct Professors R. B. Steele, A. M. Harris, and B. E. Young were promoted to the rank of Associ ate Professors of Latin, Public Speaking, and Romanic Lan guages, respectively. F. R. Bryson, Fellow and Assistant in German, was made Instructor in English ; B. E. Mitchell, Fellow and Assistant in Mathematics ; G. M. Mayfield, in Greek ; and D. M. Key, in Latin. G. T. Denton was made Director of the Gym 15 214 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. nasium. Several fellowships besides the vacancy caused by the resignation of Professor Jackson were left for the Executive Committee to fill later. Charles S. Lawrence was appointed to a position on the Law Faculty. Dr. Hall, the Secretary, was appointed Vice Dean and will act in that capacity in the absence of Judge Lurton. The pro posal of the Law Faculty to add an additional year of instruction in law and to confer the degree of Master of Laws for the sat isfactory completion of it was approved. The Biblical Department was authorized to increase its schol arships and to offer aid to married preachers who wish to enter for work. Action of the Board of Education. In 1898 the General Conference, in taking over from certain of the Annual Conferences the rights in accordance with which some of the trustees had been selected from their bounds respect ively, committed to its Board of Education the duty of acting upon the elections to vacancies made by the Board of Trust of the Uni versity from year to year. At the last April meeting of the Board of Education, in St. Louis, it instructed its executive committee to act on any names that might be presented before its next meet ing. Accordingly, at a meeting of the Executive Committee held on June 19, the names of the six new members of the Board of Trust of the University were duly presented and all were confirmed. Presentat1on of Furman Hall. So notable an event as the erection of Furman Hall called for recognition in the formal programme of Commencement Week. Already the handsomest of the buildings on the campus in its outward form and structure, it will, when finished and equipped, be notable among the buildings of its class in the country for its completeness and adaptation in construction and arrangement to the purposes for which it is designed. When it is completed, it will be made the subject of a complete and detailed descrip tion. It was in anticipation of the forward condition of the work upon it at this season that the Faculty last fall invited Presi dent Ira Remsen, of Johns Hopkins University, to deliver a sci University News. 215 entific address upon this occasion, and that the Trustees of the Furman estate selected this as the occasion on which publicly , to turn their trust over to the University. Required by the terms of the will of Mrs. Furman to construct a building for the University, they have been legally responsible for the expenditure of the funds, though they have been glad to rely upon the University Building Committee, consisting of Chancellor J. H. Kirkland, G. M. Neely, Dr. W. L. Dudley, Dean W. H. Schuerman, and Professor C. S. Brown, to carry on the work ; hence the language in which Mr. Jordan Stokes, on be half of Mr. John W. Thomas, Mr. James H. Campbell, and himself, as Trustees of the Furman estate, addressed the Univer sity Board of Trust. The ceremony occurred at the College Chapel on the night of Tuesday, June 17, before a large audience, and was followed by the address of President Remsen, a con densed report of which appears elsewhere. Mr. Stokes said : "Gentlemen of the Board of Trust: The duties imposed upon Mr. Thomas, Mr. Campbell, and myself under the will of Mrs. Mary J. Furman are nearing completion. The time has arrived when we are to yield our trust and a new one be taken up by you as trustees of this great institution. To-night we place in your possession the grand and beautiful building that adorns our cam pus known as Furman Hall. "On an occasion of this character we should never permit our joy in possessing the gift to make us forget the giver. The object of this gift was twofold : to benefit the youth of our land and perpetuate the memory of one of our most successful busi ness men. "Many years ago Mr. Furman — then a mere boy — came to this city from the State of Pennsylvania. He was a penniless boy, with no education, but endowed with a will power that enables many a boy to acquire a certain degree of education outside of college walls. He chose as a trade that of a tailor; and in after years his wife told me that many a night he was too poor to pay for a lodging, and slept upon the counter in the shop of his em ployer. During the struggle for existence he was not unmindful of his deficiency in education, and strove to relieve himself of this great handicap in life's battle. He made a success of both. When he died, he left a fortune and was accredited as one of our best 216 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. informed merchants. He made his wealth at a time when perse verance, economy, and honesty were the great factors in business, and not in the way that fortunes are sometimes made now — in a night or possible by a road so crooked that the public does not know it. There is no tainted money in this gift to this great institution. "His marriage did not endow him with material wealth, but brought him under the influence of one of the noblest, best women it has ever been my pleasure to know. She was his counselor, his adviser, a stimulant to his energy, and a comfort in misfortune. Their wealth was the result of the combined efforts of both. When Mr. Furman retired from business, he spent almost his en tire time at home with his wife. He realized the great benefit that his wife had been to him in life's struggle, and, with a noble, generous heart, he determined that she should be well provided for and accordingly gave her almost his entire estate, leaving only a small portion to his son. Mr. Furman believed a large in heritance was a curse to a young man — that it stifled all efforts that tended to make a successful business man. On his death and that of his son, Mrs. Furman was left with no near relatives, and she at once began to consider how best she could utilize her wealth so as to perpetuate the memory of her husband and do the most good. She did not take days, but months, in arriving at her conclusion. She consulted her best and her truest friends. She was not a believer in a multiplicity of charitable institutions. She thought that most any man could make a living if he but 'put his hand to the plow.' She finally concluded to erect this building and place it in your hands for the good of our country. "An unforeseen occurrence soon after Mrs. Furman's death delayed the execution of this trust, and for a time endan gered the possibility of its accomplishment. But prosperity, how ever, that swept over this country in the last few years also blessed this estate ; and after all expenses incident to the contest were set tled, the estate had so increased in value that the university gets nearly as much as it would if the contest had not been made. The storm has been weathered, the building erected, and it bears the name that was so dear to that beloved woman. And to-night, gentlemen of the Board of Trust, we place it in your hands, trust Univtrsity JVtws. 217 ing in you, as she did, that every young man that comes within the portals may be made a truer, better, more godlike man." Responding to Mr. Stokes, JJishop C. B. Galloway, President of the Board of Trust, said: "In behalf of the Board of Trust of Vanderbilt University I have great pleasure in receiving this magnificent building. In architectural beauty and in admirable adaptation to its intend ed uses it ranks foremost among the group of structures that adorn this campus. Bearing as it does the name of one long a near neighbor to the University and with some knowledge of its great work and increasing needs, it is the more genuinely and gratefully appreciated. It often occurs that the severest and most ungenerous critics of an institution are its nearest neighbors. Those who should be its most ardent and jealous friends and its sturdiest supporters are sometimes the readiest to discover defects and the first in their expressions of censure. While the Vanderbilt from its earliest foundation has not been without that class of friends, it has been fortunate in command ing the unfailing confidence and generous appreciation of the great body of the community where it was so providentially located. The warm heart of Nashville has always beat in sympathy with the University. When disaster came upon us and the angry flames consumed our greatest structure, around which had gathered so much of our short but brilliant history, the open hands of our generous neighbors were freely extend ed to make the glory of this latter house exceed the former. For such affectionate pride and unstinted generosity we will try to make grateful return in high service that will exalt the nation and extend the kingdom of knowledge and truth. It should and will be the purpose of Vanderbilt to so do its work and live its life as to increasingly share the confidence and sup port of all who know us best and love us most. "And if it be not immodest or inappropriate, I will express the hope that this is only one of the many home gifts for the en largement of the University — the first fruits of a great educa tional harvest. My thought is that the day will soon come when, together with all the members of the family, this institution, en throned in our hearts, the child of the Church and the country, 218 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. will share liberally when the accumulations of life are being dis tributed in order to be perpetuated. "As has been stated, this noble building will be dedicated to scientific instruction and investigation. It is devoted to the cause of reverent but daring inquiry. It is preeminently the mission of a university like this, with its definite Christian purpose and animated by a distinct Christian spirit, to move with the fore most into all the wide realms of human thought and research, seeking all light, afraid of no truth, eliminating error, consuming dross, and refining gold. To such high and holy aims the build ing is hereby gratefully received and solemnly dedicated." ' - Commencement Day. The exercises of Commencement Day began with the assem<- bling of the Board of Trust, the University Faculty, and the pros pective graduates at Wesley Hall. In this order they formed in line and promptly at ten o'clock marched in procession to College Hall. This is perhaps the most splendid spectacle of our year — several hundred men and women in line in picturesque doctor's, master's, and bachelor's gowns, in rich colors and combinations. Arriving at the chapel, the procession was seated in proper order by the Marshal, Professor A. M. Harris, while De Pierri's or chestra played a welcoming march. Dr. George B. Winton delivered the invocation, and then Max Souby, of Texas, the representative of the Academic and Engineering Departments, whose subject was "Brutus," was presented. In his pleasant face-to-face way of speaking he dis cussed the character and motives of the Roman hero, who, in his opinion, committed one fatal error of thought rather than of heart in that he opposed progress because it broke with tradition. Mr. Souby received the rapt attention of the audience. Francis P. Smart, of Virginia, the Faculty Representative, spoke upon the interesting theme, "Passive Resistance," and made a fine impres sion. C. K. Campbell, already known as a speaker by winning the Young Medal a few days before, spoke for the Biblical Department upon "America's Moral Awakening." The final ad dress was by A. T. Howard, of the Law School, upon "Central ization by Judicial Construction." He showed that in many re cent issues the policy of the Administration in strengthening the University News. 219 Federal Government had been aided by decisions of the Supreme Court. Yet he vindicated the function of the Court to constrain the other departments to conduct within the Constitution and to defend the rights of individuals from governmental encroachment. After the last speech, the Chancellor, aided by Dr. J. T. McGill, impressively conferred upon the several classes their diplomas, and announced the honors that had been won. A complete roster of the graduates and honor men, together with a list of those making distinction in their classes, will be found at the end of the present number of the Quarterly. The New Portraits. After the exercises had been completed Chancellor Kirkland drew the attention of the audience to the new portrait of Bishop McTyeire hanging to the left above the platform, with that of W. H. Vanderbilt on the right and that of Commodore Vanderbilt in the center. He stated the circumstances of the loss of the former portrait and of its replacement at the expense of Vanderbilt University from the brush of Miss Ella Hergisheimer, of Penn sylvania. Bishop Galloway responded in behalf of the Board of Trust. He showed no effects of his recent illness, but spoke in his old-time form. His address, forming an admirable close to this, the thirty-second Annual Commencement of Vanderbilt University, was in the words which follow : Calamities often develop and multiply friends. And such has been the experience of Vanderbilt University. The fire that destroyed our greatest building brought to us the sympathy and assistance of many whose friend ship was before unknown. And other hands that had helped before were opened wide in larger blessing. I am commissioned by the Board of Trust to express grateful appreciation to those who have aided in restoring our lost treasures. We are greatly indebted to the family for replacing the bust of Col. E. W. Cole — an unvarying friend of the University from the day of its found ing, and whose distinguished and discriminating beneficence has con tributed so much toward broadening the scope of its educational mission. Through the lectureship he generously established that noble man will speak to the awakened Christian thought of our land to the latest genera tion. The eminent wisdom of his philanthropy has already been abundantly vindicated, and through the growing years will stimulate the reverent in quiry and enrich the sacred literature of our beloved country. To Mr. Crawford we make profoundest acknowledgment for replacing 220 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. the portrait of his beautiful and sainted sister and the University's first and foremost friend, Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt. No history of this great institution can ever be written without giving wide place to that gracious and queenly woman, who turned the thought of her noble husband to the once fair but desolated land of his birth, and to the rarely gifted and sagacious man — her relative and long-time spiritual counselor — as the providential leader of a great educational movement in the South. Upon that kindly face we will often reverently look and enshrine in our hearts her gracious ministry and precious memory. Arrangements have been made for reproducing the portrait of Dr. Lan- don C. Garland, the first Chancellor of this University, and in due time it will have conspicuous place on these walls. The magnificent portrait of Bishop McTyeire, so much admired and in many respects the chief adornment of the old chapel, the University claimed the privilege of reproducing. We preferred that it should not be the gift of one appreciative friend but the tribute of the University itself to the constructive genius who outlined its mission, guided the steps of its early history, and watched its first building rise from foundation stone to lofty dome. Many feared that the wonderful speaking likeness could never be reproduced, and to more than one the loss was almost like another death. But we have been singularly fortunate in securing the service of a gifted artist, who, with almost marvelous skill, has given us a portrait thought by many to exceed the former. It is well for the University to honor the great genius who laid its foundations, and keep ever fresh and green his precious memory. Into the life of this institution he so mixed his own heart's blood and fragrant spirit that they can never be separated therefrom without the massive structure toppling to its fall, and great will be the fall of it. Bishop McTyeire was preeminent in all the qualities of high and suc cessful leadership. He had the calmness and poise of judgment needful for wise planning, and united with that the rare faculty of inspiring en thusiasm in those whose energy and heroism were to execute well-formed plans. As was said of John Wesley, he was "the quiescence of turbulence." Seemingly unmoved himself, he stimulated and directed the movements of others. He had the gift of reticence and the power of great utterance. He never confused the relative value of the speech that is silver and the silence that is golden. With almost intuitive discernment he knew when to keep his own counsel and when to utter the timely and wise word. Sensitive to harsh criticism, he suffered keenly when his motives were misjudged and his policies were misinterpreted; but this was never al lowed to deter the steadiness of his course or deflect the line of his vision or decision. It is given to few men to possess in preeminent degree so many and such varied gifts. Next to the sacred place where he sweetly sleeps — this "lover of chil University News. 221 dren and leader of men" — we will uncover in the presence of this majestic figure, and pray that his apostolic blessing may abide upon every son and friend of the University. Connecting the name of Holland N. McTyeire with Cornelius Vander- bilt, I repeat his solemn injunction uttered in the old chapel in his mem orable memorial address on our noble founder : "Citizens, Trustees, pro fessors, and students, let us be faithful to this trust and see to it, by God's help, that Cornelius Vanderbilt shall not have lived in vain. Though dead, he yet speaks, and will to generations following. May the voice of this pulpit and the teaching of these halls and lecture rooms tend ever more to the support of truth and to the increase of knowledge and right eousness and peace among men !" Commencement Items. Theodore Hampton Brewer received the degree of B.A. and Amos L. Edwards the degree of B.S. by vote of the Executive Committee of the Board, on recommendation of the Faculty, shortly before Commencement. To the candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering, as they are printed in the Commencement Programme, which is bound with this number of the Quarterly, there should be added the name of Currie Finis Taylor, Nashville, Tenn. On Tuesday of Commencement Chancellor Kirkland enter tained at luncheon in honor of Dr. Remsen, Dr. Barnard, and the Board of Trust, nearly a hundred guests being present. The vis itors were also recipients of various other social attentions. The Commodore Club, an organization which selects its mem bers in the spring of the year from the members of the rising Senior Class, held a smoker in the dining room of Kissam Hall on Tuesday evening after the address of President Remsen. Whitefoord R. Cole, President of the Alumni Association, has appointed the following Home-Coming Committee to cooperate with the Board of Trade in bringing many of our alumni back to the Nashville home-coming festivities in September: E. L. Mc- Neilly, Chairman; Fred J. Fuller, Ed T. Seay, Vaulx Crockett, and Thomas J. Tyne. The regular semiannual meeting of the Phi Beta Kappa Society was held on Tuesday morning of Commencement Week. E. I. 222 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Crockett, '88. of Pueblo, Colo., Elliott H. Jones, '91, Charles Clay Trabue, '92, and Thomas H. Malone, '92, were elected to mem bership upon their records for scholarship. Of the graduating class, five members — Armand Max Souby, Lexie Ulner Ragsdale, J. Owsley Manier, Frank Pelzer Smart, and Arthur Fitzgerald Jones — were elected in addition to Miss Rosa Ambrose and Samuel Larkin Fowlkes, who were elected at the December meeting. The Reverend Henry Stiles Bradley, D.D., who preached the Commencement Sermon, is a young man, having been born in Jackson County, Ga., March 22, 1869. He was graduated from Emory College in 1891 and then taught biology and geology in the college from 1891 to 1901. He became pastor of Trinity Church, in Atlanta, in the latter year, and went from there to St. Louis in 1905. In 1904 the University of Georgia conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He is the author of a vol ume of sermons with the title, "Christianity as Taught by Christ," which are marked by freshness of thought, aptness of illustration, and forcefulness of expression. In announcing to the alumni on Monday night the gift of $150,000 from Mr. William K. Vanderbilt, Chancellor Kirkland added the statement that he is the third largest giver to the in stitution. His grandfather contributed $1,000,000. His father, Mr. William H. Vanderbilt. gave $450,000; and Mr. William K. Vanderbilt $340,000, including Kissam Hall, erected in honor of his mother, Mrs. Maria Louisa Kissam Vanderbilt, at a cost of $140,000, various gifts to the account of current expenses ag gregating in the last ten years $50,000, and at this time $150,000 to complete Furman Hall and increase the endowment funds so as to provide for the increasing expenses of maintenance and to en large the funds available for instruction. The income-bearing property of the University is now $1,726,000. The listed securi ties of the University aggregate $240,000 more in value than they did two years ago. D. I. Miller, who was awarded the degree of Mechanical Engineer, graduated in June, 1899. The positions he has filled since then are: 1899-1900, Draughtsman Tennessee Coal, Iron, University News. 223 and Railroad Company, Birmingham, Ala.; 1901, Assistant Superintendent Blast Furnaces Tennessee Coal, Iron, and Rail road Company, Sheffield, Ala. ; 1902, Superintendent of Blast Furnaces Tennessee Coal, Iron, and Railroad Company, Sheffield, Ala.; 1903, Foreman of Blast Furnaces Illinois Steel Company, Chicago, 1ll.; 1904, Foreman of Blast Furnaces Sloss-Sheffield Steel and Iron Company, Sheffield, Ala.; 1905-06, Purchasing Agent Tennessee Coal and Iron Company, Sheffield, Ala. ; 1907, President Sheffield Casting and Manufacturing Company, Shef field, Ala. Mr. Miller is also a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. Mr. Miller's thesis is on a new form of blast furnace top for charging and properly distributing the material in a blast furnace, intended especially for furnaces whose output does not exceed 300 tons per day. This furnace top is the invention of Mr. Miller himself, with some suggestions from his colaborers at the Blast Furnace of the Sloss-Sheffield Com pany, at Sheffield, Ala., and is of such merit as to have been taken up by one of the largest if not the largest manufacturing con cerns (The Hunt Company) hoisting and conveying machines. Several furnaces have already been equipped with it, and others are now installing it. The indications are that the introduction of this top marks an epoch in handling material in all blast fur naces except those of the largest capacities (from 300 to 400 tons per day). Of the picture of Bishop McTyeire, the Nashville Christian Advocate has this to say in description and estimate: "The picture is on a canvas sixty-nine inches long and forty- four inches wide. The Bishop is represented as standing in his parlor, with his right hand in the pocket of his trousers, and the left hand is closed and rests on a mahogany table. On this ma hogany table are a Bible, a bronze bust of Dante, and a cloisonne vase. On this same side is a red curtain. On the right side, in the background, is seen a picture of the Broad Street gate of Vanderbilt University and the beautiful driveway that leads into the campus. The pose of the Bishop is characteristic, and his dress is just such as he usually chose. The brow, eyes, and mouth are his, and mark indeed the greatness of the man. How the ar tist, who had never seen the Bishop, could produce such an exact 324 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. likeness with only the various photographs and the information which the family and friends of the Bishop could give at her command is indeed a marvel. The picture combines those ele ments of force, warmth of feeling, richness of color which go to make a superior work of art." The artist who painted it, Miss Ella Sophronisba Hergesheimer, of Allentown, Pa., "needs no greater testimonial of superior ability than the suberb portrait which she has painted. It is of interest, however, to know that she has painted the portrait of Senator Stephen B. Elkins and of members of his family; of Senator Cameron, of Pennsylvania, and of his wife ; of Lady Munson, of England ; and of other distinguished persons. She is the great-great-granddaughter of Charles Wilson Peak, who painted the well-known portrait of George Washington, and of Elizabeth De Peyster, one of the old Dutch settlers of New York, and of Dr. Edward Shippen, of Philadelphia, whose daughter, the beautiful Margaret Shippen, married Benedict Arnold. Miss Hergesheimer studied art at the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, where she received the first perspective prize, the first an nual prize, the first Tappan prize for figure study, and the first landscape prize as these prizes are called. She also won a prize of $1,000 for a year's study in Europe. She visited the great gal leries in England, Germany, Italy, Spain, Holland, and Belgium, and made a careful study of the great masterpieces. At the end of the year she settled in Paris, where she spent two years in study under the best masters of that city, world-renowned for its art. Since her return to America her engagements have kept her con stantly occupied." The Vanderbilt Ladies' Aid Society held its annual meeting at the home of Mrs. Z. H. Brown. Mrs. F. S. Washburn, the re tiring President, ineligible by the constitution for reelection, was complimented by a rising vote of thanks for her faithful and successful service to the Society through several years. The offi cers elected for the next year are as follows : Mrs. D. R. Stubble- field, President; Mrs. John W. Thomas, First Vice President; Mrs. J. H. Thompson, Second Vice President ; Mrs. A. Loveman, Third Vice President; Mrs. Robert F. Jackson, Corresponding Secretary ; Miss Lizzie Atchison, Recording Secretary ; Mrs. Jo B. University News. 225 Morgan, Treasurer. After the business had been transacted, a musical programme was rendered and refreshments were served. The practical object for which the Society exists and the work that it is accomplishing can be exhibited by presenting the report of Chancellor Kirkland from the books of the University for two successive years, showing how the fund turned over by the Society is managed: 1905-06. 190607. Received during the year from the treasurer of the society $ 50000 $ 75000 Balance on hand from preceding year 554 54 651 32 Collections on notes 285 62 510 81 $1,390 57 $1,912 13 Loaned to students (17) 739 25 (29) 1,27000 Balance on hand $ 651 32 $ 642 13 A handsome set of platform furniture, including carpet, three chairs, and table, the gift. of the Society, were formally presented on the evening of Friday, June 14, following the Young Medal contest, Professor Carre speaking for the Society and Chancellor Kirkland responding. The chairs and tables are of mahogany, made by the Edgefield and Nashville Company, hand-carved from special designs worked out from the suggestions of Mrs. R. F. Jackson and other members. PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL COMMENCEMENTS. Med1cal Department. After a seven months' session the Medical Department closed for the year on Wednesday, May 1, at which time a class of forty-three men was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The exercises, as usual, were held in the auditorium of the Medical Building, which is always crowded to the limit of its capacity on these annual commencement occasions. The faculty charge was delivered by Dr. Richard A. Barr, B.A. '92 (M.D. '94). The annual address was made by Rev. G. B. Winton, a graduate of 1883, now editor of the Nashville Christian Advocate, on the subject: "Idealism vs. Materialism." The degrees were conferred by Chancellor J. H. Kirkland and 226 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. the medals and honors were announced by Dr. W. L. Dudley, Dean. Degree of Doctor of Med1c1ne. Alfred Shields Abernathy Pulaski, Tenn. Charles Franklin Anderson Nashville, Tenn. Henry Thomas Ballentine Rumsey, Ky. Herbert Nowlin Barnett Cleburne, Texas. Hugh Barr Dresden, Tenn. R. E. Bartlett. Jr Nashville, Tenn. Walpole C. Brewer Atlanta, Ga. Oval Nelson Bryan Watertown, Tenn. Alexander Joshua Bryant Bradford, Tenn. Neil Dougle Buie Marlin, Texas. Hervey Carter Fudell, Texas. William Ewin Chad wick Beech Grove, Tenn. Wibb Earl Cooper Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. Leslie Dye Conn Gans, Ind. T. Charles Edward Evans Tullahoma, Tenn. Joseph Jacques Fabian Birmingham, Ala. Hinton Carl Grizzard Edgefield Junction, Tenn. James Victor Henderson Sevierville, Tenn. Cleveland Buchanan Hollabaugh Leslie, Ark. Eugene Jackson Elmo, Texas. Francis Tarleton James Wetumpka, Ala. Joe Base Lackey Ripley, Tenn. Buford Smith Lester Guthrie, Ky. David Campbell Maddox Hickman, Ky. Richard Leonard Mathews Springfield, Tenn. Martin Alexander Meacham Leiper's Fork, Tenn. Harry Donald Miller Johnson City, Tenn. Chester Howard McKnight Brinkley, Ark. Will Campbell McRee Trenton, Tenn. David Richard Pickens Bellbuckle, Tenn. Robert Sterling Porter Rural Retreat, Va. James Wilson Reed Gibsland. La. Clarence Augustus Rogers Cordover, Tenn. Eliga Green Sandin, Jr Cuthbert, Ga. William Gilchrist Saunders Jackson, Tenn. Hunter Ledbetter Scales Starkville, Miss. Foote Rivers Singleton Port Gibson, Miss. William Batt Spain, Jr Talbotton, Ga. Charles Edwin Spencer Verona, Miss. James Henry Stephenson Grand Prairie, Texas. Clyde Oscar Williams Olive Branch. Miss. Humphrey Bates Williams Honea Path, S. C. Guy C. Wright : Nashville, Tenn. University News. 227 Honors. Four classes of honors are annually awarded by the Medical Faculty. Of these, the Founder's Medal in the graduating class, the scholarships in the undergraduate classes, and the general honor roll are on the basis of scholarship and are competitive. By them the best man in each class is singled out for distinction, and also all of each class who make a grade of ninety or more on the work of the year. The interneships are awarded by the faculty as honors to those most worthy among the number who are in position to accept them. Occasionally some of the best men have openings in practice into which they go at once. More frequently they go to New York or some other large city to compete for interneships in some of the numerous hospitals. The interneship requires residence and service in the hospital for a year, and is desired for the practical experience it affords. This year the faculty was invited by several hospitals at a dis tance to appoint internes. So five honors, instead of the usual two or three, were awarded in this class. In addition, Dr. M. A. Meacham has been elected interne at Erlanger Hospital, Chatta nooga, Tenn., by the hospital authorities. The Founder's Medal was awarded to Wibb Earl Cooper, with a grade of 9758. Interneships were awarded as follows : David Richard Pickens, City Hospital, Nashville, Tenn. ; Wibb Earl Cooper, St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville, Tenn. ; Hunter Ledbetter Scales, Butterworth Hospital, Grand Rapids, Mich. ; James Henry Stephenson, Providence Hospital, Waco, Tex. ; Belford Smith Lester, St. Vincent Hospital, Birmingham, Ala. Scholarships were announced as follows : First Year Class to Lonnie Ray Wood, Attalla, Ala. ; Second Year Class to William Thompson Briggs, Nashville, Tenn. ; Third Year Class to Matthias Brickies Murfree, Murfreesboro, Tenn. General Honor Roll. — Graduating Class : C. F. Anderson, H. T. Bal- lcntine, O. N. Bryan, N. D. Buie, W. E. Cooper, J. J. Fabian, J. V. Hen derson, C. B. Hollabaugh, F. T. James, B. S. Lester, D. C. Maddox, R. L. Mathews, M. A. Meacham, H. D. Miller, W. C. McRee, D. R. Pickens, C. E. Spencer. Third Year: J. T. Altman, Jr., W. G. Bryan, B. F. Jackson, Z. S. Loftis, A. W. Metcalf, M. B. Murfree, V. M. Pinkley, C. F. Webb. Second Year : W. T. Briggs, S. H. Bryan, W. S. Keys, G. M. Murray,. R. C. McDonald, A. L. Stabler, J. H. Traylor, A. M. Young. First Year : E. C. Brunner, J. D. Carlton, C. D. Gaston, L. R. Wood. 228 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Department of Dent1stry. The commencement of the Department of Dentistry on Sat urday, May 11, was made the occasion of the annual meeting of the Alumni Association, which occupied the whole of the pre ceding day. A considerable number of the alumni returned for the occasion, and the purpose of the meeting, to draw the alumni back and keep fresh the sentiments that attach them to the Uni versity, was successfully accomplished, for the year at least, with bright promise of even greater success from year to year. Two sessions of the alumni were held at the college on Friday for the reading of professional papers, and in the evening a ban quet was served at the Duncan Hotel. Dean Stubblefield pre sided, and with him at the head of the table were Dr. R. B. Lees, retiring President of the Alumni Association, and Dr. W. G. Whitsett, who responded for the alumni. The officers for the ensuing year are: President, Dr. J. A. Dale, Professor of Crown and Bridge Work and Lecturer on Prosthetic Dentistry; First Vice President, Dr. W. G. Whit sett, of Lebanon, Tenn. ; Second Vice President, Dr. C. W. Kranz, Hunts- ville, Ala. ; Recording Secretary, W. T. Hutchinson, Nashville, Tenn. ; Corresponding Secretary, J. A. Perkins, '07, Nashville, Tenn. ; Treasurer, G. G. Workman, Nashville, Tenn. Additional members of the Execu tive Committee : W. H. White, Winchester, Tenn. ; and S. K. Davidson, Union City, Tenn. The graduating exercises of the Class of 1907 took place in the chapel of College Hall on the campus at three o'clock in the afternoon, May 11. The attendance was large. The annual ad dress was by Dr. George H. Price, Professor of Physiology in the Medical Department, and his theme was the relation of den tistry as a special branch to the general profession of medicine. The degrees were conferred by Chancellor J. H. Kirkland and the medals and honors were announced by Dr. D. R. Stubblefield, Dean. Doctor of Dental Surgery. Raymond M. Bright Walker, Minn. Sanders L. Butler Chicago, Ill. Thomas Cade Washington, Ga. Alfonso F. Cook San Antonio, Tex. William H. Craig Newport, Ark. John W. Crutcher Chapel Hill, Tenn. Univenity News. 229 William P. Delafield Mt. Pleasant, Texas. Charles G. Dillard Huntsville, Ala. •Meriwether R. Donaldson Tiptonville, Tenn. Thomas E. Dunlap Lamley, Ala. William H. Ellis, Jr Midnight, Miss. Virgil D. Frizell Poplar Creek, Miss. Clarence S. Fugler Woodville, Miss. Hawthorn M. Fuller Centerville, Ala. David S. Gardner Memphis, Tenn. John P. Glenn, B.S. (Clemson) Spartanburg, S. C. Albert M. Gregory Smyrna, Tenn. Charles S. Harkins Aliceville, Ala. Newton Harris Bells, Tenn. Joseph W. Jones Russellville, Ala. William J. Lamb, M.D Nashville, Tenn. George W. Leslie Adamsville, Ala. George H. Leyden Anniston, Ala. Wesley T. Merritt Jackson, Miss. John A. Perkins Belmont Heights, Nashville, Tenn. James W. Pigott Tylertown, Miss. William B. Price Florence, Ala. Enoch L. M. Pruitt Fort Deposit, Ala. Fred H. Pryor Whitwell, Tenn. Herschel B. Ray, M.D. (Vanderbilt) Tompkinsville, Ky. John M. Ridley Nashville, Tenn. Charles S. Rockwell Savannah, Ga. Herman S. Rush Tompkinsville, Ky. Sam R. Sholars Orange, Tex. William A. Sheetr, Jr Nashville, Tenn. James W. Stephens Sheridan, Ark. Royal H. Stewart Saucier, Miss. William F. Stone Athens, Tenn. Houston K. Templeton Winchester, Tenn. Simeon S. Waits Keithville, La. James Watson Cameron, Texas. Arnette P. Williams Furman, Ala. Frederick W. Whitehurst, BA Brownsville, Tenn. Honors. Founder's Scholarship Medal, Herschell Biggerstaff Ray, M.D. (Van derbilt). Second Honor (Morrison Brothers' Medal), John Milton Ridley. Honor Roll (in addition) : Newton Harris, Herman Stanton Rush, Meriwether Rivers Donaldson, James Walter Stephens, John Perrin Glenn, Frederick H. Pryor. Medal for the best gold fillings (Dr. H. W. Morgan's Medal), Fred erick William Whitehurst. 16 230 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. CLINICAL FACILITIES FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS. Arrangements have been made with the new Methodist Hos pital of Nashville by which ample and exclusive facilities for clin ical instruction can be furnished the students of Vanderbilt Uni versity. Hitherto the University has shared with the two other medical schools of the city the facilities furnished by the City Hospital. Plans have been proposed for the establishment of a private clinical hospital near the medical building, and it may be deemed wise to enter upon this arrangement for at least the next year; but the organization of the proposed Methodist Hospital will furnish a better arrangement in the near future. The Methodist Hospital has purchased the Woodard property on the comer of Belmont (or Sixteenth Avenue) and Division Street, and proposes to expend as much as $200,000 in the erection and equipment of a hospital. The location is on high ground in a quiet section of the city about six blocks from the University Campus. While the hospital will be under the control of its own Board of Trustees, it proposes to maintain extensive charity wards and has entered into a contract with the Chancellor of the Uni versity and the Medical Faculty by which the latter will under take to give all medical attention to the patients in this ward and in consideration will be allowed exclusive use of the ward for clin ical instruction to the students of the Medical Department of Van derbilt University. THE LITERARY SOCIETIES. The work of the Literary Societies for the year has shown in creased activity with a mixture of success and of failure. The Interstate Oratorical Contest was won, but the two intercol legiate debates were lost. Three societies were actively at work, the John Marshall Law Club in addition to the two societies that have existed from an early beginning. The old societies occupied their respective halls in the restored building, although neither has been furnished beyond the bare necessities of platform, chairs, and tables. The John Marshall Law Club, limited in membership to members of the Law Department and to academic students looking forward University News. 231 to the study of law, met on the campus in one of the recitation rooms of College Hall. Each of the societies debated each of the others, and there was a debate between teams composed of Freshmen members of the Philosophic and Dialectic Societies. The Thanksgiving Debate, celebrating the anniversary of the Dialectic Society, was upon the party caucus, "Resolved, That in the United States Senate caucus rule is preferable to individual action." The debaters were Howard Douglas, Jr., '08, and E. C. Webb, '08 A., of the Philosophic Society, for the affirmative, and L. W. Murphy, '08, and R. S. Henry, '09, of the Dialectic Society, on the negative. The decision was awarded to the negative. The debate between the Dialectic Society and the John Mar shall Law Club took place in the chapel on the night of Friday, March 29. The subject for discussion was: "Resolved, That government ownership is the proper solution of the railroad problem." The affirmative was maintained by F. O. Wynne, '07 L., and T. Scott Williams, '08 L., of the John Marshall, and the negative was defended by Guy T. Denton, '09 B., and Lois Bejach, '08 A., of the Dialectic Society. The decision was given for the negative. Governor M. R. Patterson, honored the contest between the John Marshall Law Club and the Philosophic Society by pre siding over the debate, which was held in the chapel on the night of Wednesday, May I. The subject was: "Resolved, That it should be the policy of the United States not to hold territory permanently except with the purpose that it shall ulti mately enjoy statehood." The contestants were Robert E. Blake, '08 A., and Lee Douglas, '08 L., representing the John Marshall Club, for the affirmative, and Howard D. Dozier, '09 A., and Jack R. Turney, '08 L., representing the Philosophic, on the negative. The debate was well prepared and spirited, and was won by the negative by a majority vote of the judges. The Freshman Debate took place on the night of Friday, May 24, in the College Chapel. The debaters were John Bull, Ira D. Smith, and Herschel V. Brewer, of the Academic Freshman Class for the Philosophic Society, and A. J. Walker, Law, R. T. Amis, Academic, and R. D. Patterson, Biblical, for the Dialectic 232 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Society. The question was : "Resolved, That United States Sen ators should be elected by direct vote of the people." The de cision was given to the Dialectic team, which defended the nega tive of the proposition. The Moore prizes for the first and second best individual work done in the debate were awarded to Herschel V. Brewer, of the Philosophic Society, first, and R. D. Patterson, of the Dialectic Society, second. The exhibition, in its excellence and in its disclosure of the debating material in the class, justified the innovation, begun regularly one year ago, of offering prizes for a contest between freshmen. There is scarcely a preparatory school now that does not have its debating contests, and many of them have interscholastic contests. All but one or two of the debaters on this occasion had debated in public contests in their several schools. The evening of Washington's birthday was, as usual, the oc casion of the anniversary of the Philosophic Society and the con test for the selection of the University's representative in the In terstate Oratorical Contest. This year the John Marshall Law Club had representatives, and the choice was made between six speakers : Jack R. Turney, '08 L., and Jesse P. Luton, '09 B., of the Philosophic Society; C. P. Cullom, '08 A., and Roy C. Kee- bler, '10 A., of the Dialectic ; and T. Scott Williams, '08 L., and F. O. Wynne, '07 L., of the John Marshall Law Club. The honor of representing the University was awarded to Mr. Luton and Mr. Cullom was named as alternate. The Seventeenth Interstate Oratorical Contest was held with the University of South Carolina, Columbia, S. C., on the night of Wednesday, May 1, before a large audience assembled in Columbia Theater. The judges Were ex-Governor D. C. Hey- ward, President R. P. Pell, of Converse College, and Hon. Eugene B. Gary, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. There were six contestants, who spoke in the following order : R. M. Talbert, Kentucky University, "Ministry, Not Mastery." Clark D. Coker, University of the South, "The South and Her Young Men." E. H. Blake, University of South Carolina, "The Crucifixion of Child hood." Jesse P. Luton, Vanderbilt University, "Our Heritage as Southerners." T. V. McCaul, University of Virginia, "A Vision of the South." C. H. Rice, University of Alabama, "Democracy and Centralization." University News. 233 The medal was awarded to Mr. Luton, who brought victory in this contest to Vanderbilt for the fifth time. The preceding win ners are: J. Washington Moore in 1892, N. F. Cheairs in 1898, Paul F. Kern in 1902, and William A. Lambeth in 1903. Mr. Luton is a graduate of Grayson College, Tex., and has been a student of law at the University of Texas. In both institutions he was foremost in oratory and represented the University of Texas in the contest which Lambeth won in 1903. Mr. Luton's oration was a eulogy of the chivalry and integrity of character which made the Old South famous and an appeal to the New South to cherish the same ideals in the new conditions. His style was clear and simple and his delivery polished. His voice is unusually good, and few student orators have made a better impression than he made in the contest by which he won the honor of representing the University, and his success at Columbia is attested by the notices of the occasion as well as by the verdict of the judges. The second annual debate with Trinity College was held at Durham, N. C., on December 19, 1906. The question was : "Re solved, That the private ownership of plants for street railroad transportation and lighting is the policy best suited to American cities." The Vanderbilt debaters who upheld the negative were E. Marvin Steel, '09 B., and Hugh A. Locke, '07 L. The Van derbilt debaters proved an unequal match for their opponents and lost the question and the series. The annual debate with the University of the South took place at Sewanee on Friday night, May 3. The question was: "Re solved, That the production and distribution of coal and oil should be controlled and regulated by Federal authority, con stitutionality conceded." The speakers were Messrs. M. S. Whaley and C. D. Coker, of the University of the South, on the affirmative, and R. L. Amberg, '07 Grad., and R. S. Henry, '09 A., of Vanderbilt University, on the negative. The Vanderbilt representatives entered the debate with con siderable confidence in their preparation and in their ability to present the negative arguments. They found formidable oppo nents in the representatives of the affirmative ; but the unanimous 234 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. decision of the judges against them came as a surprise to them and to many who heard the debate. The Observer, edited by C. P. Cullom, '08 A., of the Dialectic Society, with A. T. Howard, '07 L., of the Philosophic Society, as Business Manager, has had the most successful year in its recent history. It has had the distinction of being named by the editor of the University of Virginia Magazine among the best ten exchanges that come to. his table. The making of this list is annually undertaken by the Virginia Magazine, which this year puts no other southern magazine in the list. The editors for next year are S. Cecil Ewing, '08 A., Editor in Chief, and E. W. Graham, '08 A., Business Manager. Intercollegiate debating has been put by the societies into the hands of a Debating Council, consisting of three men chosen from each of the societies and four members of the faculty, two from the Academic and one each from the Biblical and Law Faculties. The faculty members are Dean F. W. Moore, Professor A. M. Harris, Dr. O. E. Brown, and Professor John Bell Keeble. It is the function of the Council to make all contracts and arrange ments for intercollegiate debates and to select the representative debaters. It is also expected that they will arrange the details of the Intersociety Debates. A new contract for a series of debates has been made with Trinity. The question for this year is : "Resolved, That the pres ent distribution of power between the Federal and State Govern ments is not adapted to present conditions, and calls for readjust ment in the direction of further centralization." The Vander bilt debaters will be selected in October by competition conducted under the direction of the Council. CONTESTS IN ORATORY. The contest for the Founder's Medal in Oratory on the even ing of Founder's Day, May 27, was a battle royal. The contest ants, selected by the faculty in the usual manner on Concour Day, were James M. Culbreth, '08 B., Raleigh, N. C., subject, "The Inviolability of the Child;" Casten J. Harrell, '09 B., Durham, N. C, subject, "The Party of the Future;" Hugh A. Locke, '07 University News. 235 L., Birmingham, Ala., subject, "International Arbitration;" and Jesse P. Luton, '09 B., Bonham, Tex., subject, "The Mission of the Great Man." Messrs. Culbreth and Harrell are graduates of Trinity College, N. C., where they made reputations as college orators, and Mr. Culbreth was one of the Founder's Medal con testants last year. Mr. Locke was the representative of Vander- bilt University in the Southern Interstate Oratorical contest in 1906, and Mr. Luton was the winner of the contest this year. The contestants performed creditably, doing no less than their best, rendering orations in which thought, form, and delivery were all of a superior order. The judgment of the jury was given for Mr. Locke. The contestants for the Young Medal in Oratory are the four who are selected by the faculty from among the Concour Day contestants as the best remaining after the four appointed to the Founder's Medal contest. The contestants were Clyde K. Camp bell, '07 B., Augusta, Ga., subject, "The Individual Withers, but the World Is More and More;" Cornelius P. Cullom, '08 A., Waco, Tex., subject, "The Industrial Development of the South;" Roy C. Keebler, '10 A., subject, "Our Crusade of the Twentieth Century;" Thomas S. Williams, '07 L., Eagleville, Tenn., subject, "The Aristocracy of Wealth." Mr. Campbell was a contestant on the Founder's Medal contest last year and was awarded the Young Medal this year. The other three contestants took part in the contest of February 22, in which Mr. Luton was selected for the Southern Interstate representative and Mr. Cullom was named as alternate. THE UNIVERSITY-SCHOOL CONFERENCE. The fifth annual University-School Conference was held in Philosophic Hall Friday, May 3, and was followed at night by the annual contest in declamation for the University Medal. The meeting was one of the best that has been held in the series. Sixteen schools were represented, as follows: R. G. Peoples, Battle Ground Academy, Franklin, Tenn. C. E. Hawkins, Hawkins School, Gallatin, Tenn. L. L. Rice, Castle Heights School, Lebanon, Tenn. L. C. Hardy, Columbia Military Academy, Columbia, Tenn. 236 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. W. C. Branham and William Hughes, Branham and Hughes School, Spring Hill, Tenn. J. A. Bostick, Howard Institute, Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. W. D. Strayhorn, Mooresville Training School, Mooresville, Tenn. T. M. Wilson and O. P. Pitts, Wilson-Pitts School, Fayetteville, Tenn. W. R. Webb, Jr., Webb School, Bellbuckle, Tenn. R. K. Morgan, Morgan School, Fayetteville, Tenn. E. I. Luna, Luna School, Franklin, Ky. J. H. Bayer, Cumberland City Academy, Cumberland City, Tenn. W. O. B,atts and W. R. Matheney, Cedar Hill Institute, Cedar Hill, Tenn. Felix Massey, Massey School, Cornersville, Tenn. W. D. Mooney, Mooney School, Murfreesboro, Tenn. James A. Robins, McTyeire Institute, McKenzie, Tenn. Professor Ramsey, of Central University of Kentucky, was a guest, and several of the school men from the city were present in the afternoon. The general subject of discussion was the relation of the schools to the universities and colleges on the one hand and to each other on the other hand. On the first part of the subject Mr. Webb read a paper which was discussed by Chancellor Kirk- land and others. The immediate necessity for communication, cooperation, and correlation of work comes from the obvious fact that the higher institutions look directly to the lower institutions for the students prepared to carry on the advanced work. The higher institutions are fewer in numbers and draw their larger enrollment from a much larger range of territory. They depend on many insti tutions to prepare students for them ; they do not feel so depend ent on any one as that one feels the necessity, for its own repu tation, of being able to prepare for college entrance. The schools are numerous and scattered, and cooperation among them is diffi cult to secure. Hence the colleges have taken the initiative and have, seemingly arbitrarily, set the conditions of college en trance, which in effect has been to dictate to the schools what their curriculum shall, in the main, consist in. From the schools there comes a protest against the apparent disposition on the part of the colleges to ignore them in the determination of such questions ; and an assertion of their right to be heard and of their ability to give sound advice based on experience concerning the character and scope of the preparatory school curriculum and the character of preparatory school work. For they have to University News. 237 give the work and know what they can give with effectiveness ; and they have to consider many others besides those who intend to carry their cultural education into college. Then follow the bills of specifications, which, coming from different men, do not altogether agree. The answer of the college is that it has taken the initiative because it could and because there was no other body or organi zation which had shown its capability to do what was evidently necessary to be done ; that it has not exercised arbitrary author ity, but has put in force requirements that seemed to it to be supported by inherent reasonableness. The public protest of the schools in such a meeting is evidence that they have a spokesman and an opportunity to be heard in the presence of each other and of the colleges. The mutual conference and acquaintanceship of school and college men will, by its very nature, tend to remove misapprehensions of motive and purpose and to correct what is wrong in practice. Thus the discussion served to justify the ex istence of the conference, though there was little progress made in agreeing what should be changed and how. Further confer ences should be more fruitful in that regard. The leading paper on the relations between the schools was presented by Mr. L. L. Rice, of Castle Heights School, and the discussion was opened by Mr. R. K. Morgan, of Fayetteville. There should be mutual courtesy and respect shown by the mas ters in their dealings with each other and in canvassing com petitive fields for patronage. But the most common and con spicuous occasion of dereliction in this regard comes from the intercourse between schools in debating and especially in athletic contests. Very few boys (and all too few grown folks) are able to appreciate the true spirit of rivalry. With them victory is the thing; a thing which is singular and only one contestant can have it. It is a thing which they not only desire, but covet ; which they not only covet, but with partisan eyes look upon as certainly and rightfully theirs. An opponent is one who is wrong fully depriving them of what is theirs; in direct ratio to his superior skill is his culpability, and they deride him with scornful epithets and heap odious charges upon him that would be dis gracing and mark him as unfit to be allowed to associate with them if the facts bore out the charges. How far it is possible 238 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. to eradicate this very human but very immature conception of one's opponent or even to repress it within tolerable limits may remain a question, though the tenor of the comments was hope ful. If it cannot be repressed, and if, instead of being counter acted, it is encouraged by the words and acts of the teachers in the presence of the boys, interscholastic contests must be depre cated. The morning conference closed with a luncheon served by the University and attended by about forty, including the school men, the judges at the preliminary declamation contest, and members of the University faculty. In the afternoon the schoolmen met and organized a Head masters' Association, with W. R. Webb, Jr., as President and R. H. Peoples, of Battle Ground Academy, as Secretary. Wil liam Hughes, R. K. Morgan, and C. B. Wallace, of the Univer sity School, Nashville, were appointed a committee to draft a constitution. The organization followed upon the recommenda tion of a committee consisting of R. G. Peoples, L. L. Rice, and R. K. Morgan, appointed several months earlier at the meeting of the Interscholastic Athletic Association. The discussion of the second topic of the morning program reflected the general views of the committee and indicated some of the things which it seems that the responsible headmasters, brought together un der the obligations of a voluntary association, might take up profitably. The Contest 1n Declamat1on. Taught by the experiences of last year, the Committee of the Faculty in charge held a preliminary contest in the morning. Before a committee consisting of Mr. Percy D. Maddin, Rev. Mercer P. Logan, Dr. Allen G. Hall, Dr. W. R. Richardson, and Professor Thomas Carter, seventeen speakers appeared in order determined by lot, ten of whom were selected to partici pate in the public contest in the chapel at eight o'clock. The contestants were the following, those indicated by an asterisk being the ten who were selected to contest in public : *Freeman H. Alexander, Howard Institute, "A Tribute to Senator W. B. Bate." Charles H. Brown, The Hawkins School, "Napoleon." University Hews. 239 *R. C. Caldwell, Montgomery Bell Academy, "The Chariot Race." *Jink Coleman, The Fitzgerald School, "Robert Emmet's Defense." Forrest Fleming, The Wilson-Pitts School, "The March of Mind." *Walker George, Castle Heights School, "Mississippi Contested Elec tions." *C. P. Givens, Mooresville Training School, "Tribute to the Confed erate Dead." Pruett Hall, Brandon Training School, "The Man with His Hat in His Hand." *Hubert L. Hunt, Luna School, "Belshazzar's Feast." *Hinton Kittrell, Columbia Military Academy, "Blaine's Eulogy of Garfield." William R. Long, Jefferson Institute, "Tennessee." White McClanahan, City Schools, Springfield, Tenn., "America's Mis sion." *Robert W. Minor, Cumberland City Academy, Extract from Senator Carmack's Brownsville Speech. Rayburn Rose, The Mooney School, "Our Origin and Our Destiny." *Lewis Rosson, Cedar Hill Institute, "Centralization in the United States." James Thornton, The Morgan School, "The Black Horse and His Rider." *Wallace Wells, Branham and Hughes School, "Jesus and Coziba." The uniform excellence of the declamations was one of the notable features of the evening contest, and not without sig nificance in view of the fact that some of the less known schools had won a place on the programme. The medal was awarded to R. C. Caldwell, of Montgomery Bell Academy, Nashville, a school in which declamation has been encouraged by instruction and public contest for many years. Mr. Caldwell appeared this year for the third time as the representative of his school and for the third time rendered "The Chariot Race," a very dramatic scene from General Wallace's "Ben-Hur." With people of cer tain taste it suffered in comparison with the less dramatic and more oratorical efforts of other speakers. But the circum stance of its repeated delivery confirms the opinion of the judges in selecting it as the best example for the year of the art of public declamation among schoolboy contestants. The judges were Rev. J. E. Clarke, Mr. Robert Ewing, Mr. E. A. Hail, Mr. R. T. Smith, and Dr. J. A. Kern. 240 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. THE RHODES SCHOLARSHIP. Millard Fillmore Woodrow, B.A. '05, of Logan County, Ky., has been appointed Rhodes Scholar for the period 1907-1910 from Kentucky. Two years ago he was an applicant for the appointment, but a man who was educated in the State was preferred to him. This year, against three candidates who were educated in the State, he was successful, being, as it is under stood, the first choice of two members of the committee and the second choice of the other three members, each of whom had a "favorite son" to nominate. Mr. Woodrow prepared at Mooney School, and throughout his course maintained a high rank in scholarship, winning a Phi Beta Kappa election. He was prominent in class and in literary society and fraternity life. He was interested in sports, rather than a successful participant in them ; and was editor in chief of the Hustler during his senior year. During the year following his graduation he taught in Severy School in Nashville and studied law, tying for one of the Law Scholarships. The next year he devoted himself to newspaper work, and was reporting the doings of the Tennessee Legislature for the Nashville American up to the time that he resigned to go to Kentucky to present himself as a candidate before the Ken tucky Rhodes Scholarship Committee. The Tennessee Rhodes Scholarship Committee has appointed Henry M. Gass, of the University of the South, for the scholar ship, which will be vacated by the expiration of the term of John J. Tigert, B.A. '04 (Vanderbilt). Innis Brown, B.A. '05, was the candidate from Vanderbilt University on his record as an "all-round" college man. Prepared at the Mooney School, and winning the Entrance Prize in Greek and Latin, he made a repu tation for scholarship early in his course. But, becoming ab sorbed in other phases of college life, he did not maintain his scholarship, though winning "honors" in most of the subjects of his course. In his senior year he was editor of the Hustler and captain of the football team, succeeding to the place which Tigert resigned in order to go to Oxford. After his graduation Brown went into the newspaper business, and last fall coached the University News. 241 Southwestern Presbyterian University Football Team. He is now in Mexico, engaged in mining. His successful competitor won on his remarkable record for scholarship, though his quali fications in other respects were not remarkable. The other con testant was Mr. S. W. Ayres, son of President Brown Ayres, of the University of Tennessee. The Tennessee Committee was composed of President Brown Ayres, of the University of Tennessee, Chairman; Dean Thomas W. Jordan, of the University of Tennessee; Vice Chancellor Wiggins, of the University of the South ; Vice Chancellor G. F. Nicolassen, of Southwestern Presbyterian University; and Pro fessor L. C. Glenn, of Vanderbilt University. President Ayres did not participate in the deliberations of the committee until, after the second ballot, he was called in to decide the tie of two votes each for Brown, of Vanderbilt, and Gass, of Sewanee. Mr. Gass will take up his residence at Oxford this fall. THE 1907 GLEE CLUB. The work of the Glee Club must be complimented by the epi thets "substantial" and "encouraging." The Club had to be re built very largely out of new material. Stricter discipline was maintained and a higher grade of ability required for member ship; and before the year was out the Club was winning com mendations not essentially different from those worthily won in other years. Not all towns are equally enthusiastic over a Glee Club enter tainment. Tuscaloosa, Ala., with the University of Alabama, is one that is enthusiastic. The visit of the Club to this city during the spring holidays, while the baseball team was there, was as enjoyable and successful as twice before. In Birmingham, where on the same trip a concert was given, the greatest success, as on other occasions, was achieved at the First Methodist Church, where the Club by invitation furnished the music for both serv ices, including Tennyson's "Crossing the Bar," set to music by Joseph Barnby, and the "Vanderbilt Ode," with Mrs. Ashford's grand music. The Georgia trip was also enjoyable, through Atlanta, at sev eral of the large schools for young ladies, culminating in Macon, 242 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. where the students of Mercer University did their part toward making the visit pleasant and the concert an enthusiastic success. Several short trips were taken to near-by places. The Seventeenth Annual Concert at the Vendome on April 11 was remarked upon by regular attendants for the size and brilliancy of the audience and the attractiveness of the decora tions as well as for the quality of the entertainment. The officers and members of the Club were: Chancellor J. H. Kirkland, President; Morton B. Howell III., '07 E., Acting Pres ident; Charles C. Washburn, Director and Manager; Robert F. Vaughan, '07 A., Secretary; Murrell Pinson, '10 M., Treasurer. DEATH OF JOHN WATSON, D.D. Barely a week before Dr. John Watson was expected at Van derbilt University to deliver the Ninth Series of Cole Lectures, April 30-May 5, announcement came that he had been taken ill with a cold, which interrupted his lecture tour. The trouble de veloped into blood poisoning, and his death followed a few days after. He died May 6, 1907, at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. The series which he was to have delivered publicly was enti tled: "God's Message to the Soul; the Use of the Bible in the Light of the New Knowledge." The several subdivisions are: "The Construction of the Book," "The Standpoint of the Book," "The Divinity of the Book," "The Authority of the Book," "The Style of the Book," and "The Use of the Book." Although not delivered in public, it is expected that the lectures will be pub lished and take their place as the ninth volume in the Series of Cole Lectures. The man whose prominence led the public to look forward to the delivery of the lectures with such interest was a Master of Arts of Edinburgh University, and began his public career as a minister in Scotland, the land of his birth, in 1874, at the age of twenty-four. In 1880 he became the minister of the Sefton Park Presbyterian Church, and maintained his connection with the Church until his death. In 1894 he published the sketches of simple Scotch life, by which he is so well known, "Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush," un der the pen name of Ian (pronounced Yan, i. e., John) Maclaren. University News. 243 Other similar works appeared from year to year thereafter under the same name. He was Lyman Beecher Lecturer at Yale Uni versity in 1896, publishing his lectures in that series under his own name, as he did also "The Cure of Souls," another series of lectures on practical theology delivered at Yale in the same year, and other works of a scholarly and theological character. DEATH OF DR. J. M. SAFFORD. Dr. Safford died at the home of his daughter, Mrs. D. H. Morrow, in Dallas, Tex., on July 3, 1907, and was buried at that place on July 4. He was Professor of Natural History and Geology in Vander- bilt University from the organization of academic faculty, in 1875, until in 1901 he resigned and was made professor emeritus. He was the last survivor of the original faculty. Born in Zanesville, Ohio, on August 13, 1822, he was gradu ated from the Ohio State University and studied at Yale under the elder Silliman during the forties, receiving his degree, how ever, only in 1866. He was for years State Geologist and member of the State Board of Health. For some time he was connected with Cumberland University, at Lebanon. He was Dean of the Department of Pharmacy and for twenty years Professor of Chemistry in the Vanderbilt Medical School, which then had a joint faculty with the School of the University of Nashville. He is survived by his daughter, Mrs. Morrow, and three stepchildren — Mrs. H. H. Lurton, of Nashville, Tenn., Mr. Ben H. Owen, of Clarksville, and Mrs. Richard Morgan, of Dallas, Tex. — also by two sisters, Mrs. A. J. Barney and Mrs. T. C. Triplett, of Coshocton, Ohio. A later number of the Quarterly will contain a memorial ar ticle prepared by Dr. J. T. McGill and Dr. L. C. Glenn, who suc ceeded him in the chair of Geology. THE B. U. ELECTION. The election of the candidate for Bachelor of Ugliness was conducted this year with its old-time zest and humor. For some years it has been declining in these qualities, al 244 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. though it must be recognized that it has not failed, certainly of recent years (and only once or twice, if ever), of nominating a thoroughly worthy and representative candidate for the honor. The students have indulged in boisterousness and in the throwing of green plums to such an extent as to make it impossible for a speaker either to stand his ground or to speak even if he had any thing to say. Besides the over-dominance of Kissam Hall was making a combination of all other factions (Wesley Hall, Town, and Law School) useless, and was making the caucus in Kissam Hall the decisive event. Upon the suggestion of the Observer, made sometime ago, Chancellor Kirkland undertook, as the donor of the emblem of the degree — the pearl-handled knife — to appoint a committee to make arrangements for the conduct of the election on lines that would restore to it its significance and its former characteristics. The committee consisted of A. M. Souby, '07 A., R. E. Blake, '08 A., and A. G. Adams, Jr., '08 E. Following out their suggestions, a ballot box was opened soon after the first of May into which all students might cast a ballot dated and signed by the name of the voter and bearing the name of his choice for the honor. It was understood that by this preliminary balloting four men, the ones having the greatest number of ballots and not less than twenty-five, should be selected as the ones to be nominated at the convention on Founder's Day. As the balloting proceeded, groups of friends rallied about some favorite and canvassed for votes for him. When the four candi dates had been announced, about a week before the convention, their respective supporters continued the campaign, selecting a man to make the nominating speech and appointing three marshals each to assist in maintaining order and decorum during the con vention. There was the usual wire-pulling and making of com binations, but everything passed off in the happiest manner. D. B. Blake, Jr., Eng. Grad., captain of the football team, Clar ence H. (Jack) Fielder, '07 E., generally popular, J. O. Manier, '07 A., famous in football history, and A. M. Souby, '07 A., whom everybody regarded highly and whom his class had elected to rep resent them on Commencement Day, were the candidates. They were nominated by Lee Douglass, '08 L., Hamilton Douglass, Jr., '08 A., E. M. Steele, '08 B., and R. L. Wiggins, Jr., Acad. Grad., University News. 245 respectively. All of the speeches were creditable, and those of Hamilton Douglass and R. L. Wiggins particularly bright. As no one had a majority on the first ballot, the last man was dropped and the voting continued. On the third ballot A. M. Souby was elected. The degree was publicly conferred by Mr. E. T. Seay. LL.B. '91, on June 14, directly after the Young Medal contest, in a speech that worthily magnified the honor, though it did not omit to hit off the vulnerable points in the candidate's physiognomy. THE BIBLICAL INSTITUTE. The annual Biblical Institute convened in Wesley Hall on Wednesday evening, June 19, following Commencement. The exercises of the first night consisted in the presentation of an oil portrait of John Wesley, painted by Miss Hergesheimer, and pre sented by a number of the former students and graduates of the Biblical Department. Of it the Nashville Christian Advocate says : "Mr. Wesley is represented as standing on his father's tomb in the open cemetery, with the church at Epworth in the back ground. He is preaching ; his right hand is uplifted, and his left hand holds his Bible and is brought to his breast. The pose is known to those who have seen the composite picture which was made by an artist a few years ago after examining the various pictures of Mr. Wesley. The coloring and the expression and the elements that enter into a splendid painting have been put in by Miss Hergesheimer. The work has the same artistic quali ty as that which is seen in the portrait of Bishop McTyeire." The presentation was followed by an address by Bishop E. R. Hendrix on "The Statesmanship of John Wesley." The next morning Dr. Lansing Burrows, of the First Baptist Church, of Nashville, delivered an address upon "The Larger Wesley." Two lectures were delivered daily, one in the morning and one at night. Dr. Herbert Welch, President of the Ohio Wesleyan University, lectured three times and Dr. E. D. Burton, of the University of Chicago, delivered a series of six. Other lecturers were Dr. J. A. Burrow, of the Midland Methodist, Dr. John M. 17 . 246 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Moore, of the Christian Advocate, Dr. Ira Landrith, of Belmont College, Dr. W. W. Pinson, and Dr. Gross Alexander. Pro fessor H. B. Carre conducted a series of devotional talks daily, and there was an afternoon hour devoted to the discussion of new books of interest and value to the preacher. The attendance was good and the exercises stimulating. THE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. The Athletic Association maintains its organization without a change except in the student membership and in the restoration of Basketball to the rank of a recognized sport. The captains and managers of the teams and the editor of the Hustler, who are ex officio members of the Executive Committee, and the other minor officers for the ensuing year are as follows : Baseball : Captain, Samuel C. Costen, '08 L. ; Manager, E. W. Potts, '08 A. ; Assistant Manager, S. M. Pepper, '09 A. Football : Captain, Robert E. Blake, '08 A. ; Manager, H. E. Palmer, Jr., '08 A. ; Assistant Manager, E. A. Cox, '09 A. Track Team : Captain, J. N. Stone, '08 E. ; Manager, T. F. Paine, '08 A. ; Assistant Manager H. P. Connell, '10 E. Basketball : Captain, Glenn A. Hall, '10 M. ; Manager, A. G. Adams, Jr., '08 E. ; Assistant Manager, W. L. Throop, '09 A. Hustler: Editor, Hamilton Douglas, Jr., '08 A.; Business Manager, James E. Chappell, '08 A. Football Coach : Dan McGugin, University of Michigan. Treasurer's Report. The report of the Treasurer of the Athletic Association ex hibits clearly the responsibility that falls upon the officers of the Association in meeting the obligations which it necessarily as sumes. The main source of income is from the football games. During the football season of 1906, the net income over running expenses, management, equipment, and salary of coach was, in round numbers, $4,000. In addition, basketball brought in $100 net, the Interscholastic Track Meet about $150, and the profits from the Hustler over expenses of management and the honoraria of the editor and business manager about $25. On the other side, after the football season was over the Association paid a deficit University News. 247 from the preceding spring season of about $950, and turned over to the Finance Committee as a sinking fund to meet the purchase of the new field and other permanent improvements about $2,900. With a balance of a little more than $200 in the treasury, and with the income from basketball, baseball, and track meet, and from the Hustler of $1,375, the gross income fell some $400 short of the total outlay for running expenses, expenses of management, equip ment, and salary of coaches. This amount will be carried over until next fall by borrowing at the bank. The gross receipts from baseball games were about $1,100, and from the University track meets practically nothing. The running expenses, expenses of management, and salary of coach for the baseball team was about $1,500; for the track team, $350; and the equipment of both, about $500. Wearers of the "V." The students who are entitled to wear the badge of athletic distinction, the "V" on the sweater, as the result of this year's work, are enrolled below. Those of them who have won the dis tinction in one or more branches of athletics in other years are indicated by an asterisk (*) following the name: Lois Bejach, '08 A., track team. D. B. Blake, Jr.,* Grad., captain football team, basketball team, track team. J. V. Blake,* '09 A., football team. Robert E. Blake,* '08 A., football team, basketball team, track team. W. H. Bond, '10 E., baseball team. W. K. Chorn, '07 L., football team. Samuel C. Costen,* '08 L., football team, baseball team. John L. Craig,* '08 L., football team, captain baseball team. W. A. Cunningham,* '09 E., baseball team. Lester W. Dann, '09 A., track team. S. Cecil Ewing, '08 A., track team. C. S. Fugler* '07 D., baseball team. Glenn A. Hall,* '07 A. and '10 M., football team, basketball team, base ball team. James T. Howington, '07 E., basketball team. E. A. Inglis,* '08 A., baseball team. A. F. Jones, '07 A., manager track team. J. J. King, ' — E., track team. J. E. Lockhart,* '08 E., basketball team, captain track team. W. S. Love,* '08 M., baseball team. 248 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. W. T. McLain, '07 A., football team. J. O. Manier,* '07 A. and '10 M., football team, manager baseball team. R. K. Mason, '08 L., track team. Dwight W. Morrison, '01 E., baseball team. Wilbur A. Nelson, '10 A., track team. Edwin T. Noel, '10 A., football team. Oscar F. Noel,* '09 A., football team, track team. Hugh F. Potts, '10 A., baseball team. Joseph G. Prichard,* '10 A., football team. Jewel B. Proctor, '09 A., track team. E. P. Scales, '07 E., manager basketball team. J. N. Stone,* '08 E., football team, captain basketball team, track team. Edward G. Thompson, '07 A. and '10 M., manager football team. Willard L. Throop, '09 A., basketball team. J. B. Webster, '08 L., baseball team. Walter F. Winton, '07 A., track team. The Intercollegiate Track Meet. The season of the Track Team brought some disappointments and some interesting features. The team was coached by W. J. Anderson, B.A. '06. He gave much time and attention to the work, devoting himself to the development of each individual, and of the inexperienced men as well as the more experienced. The results were shown in the meet, and will besides be lasting. He proved the best and most acceptable coach the team has ever had. Much sport was derived during the training season from the contests between two matched divisions of the squad under the captaincy of D. B. Blake and O. F. Noel, respectively. Squads of the less experienced men were given an opportunity to meet several of the teams of the preparatory schools which were training for the Interscholastic Meet. It was a disappointment that no arrangement could be made for a dual meet between Vanderbilt and some other college be fore the final meet. Finally it was a disappointment that the in terruption of traffic between Nashville and Chattanooga just at the time set for the Intercollegiate Track Meet, May 18, prevented the large and strong Georgia team from coming. Finding that this team could not be present, the management notified other smaller teams and none of them came. On the day set, however, the Van derbilt men contested all of the events as advertised. Efforts to get a meeting of several of the colleges a week later failed. University News. 249 The question whether, under the circumstances, the contests held on the advertised day between the Vanderbilt men only should be counted as the official meet of the Southern Intercol legiate Association and recorded as such was submitted to the Executive Committee of the Association, and was decided in the affirmative. The decision was gratifying to the participants who had made good records in all events, equaling two and breaking two. The events resulted as follows : One hundred yards dash — Mason, first, 10 2-5 seconds, record 10 1-5 seconds ( Selden, Sewanee, 1897 ; Osborne, North Carolina, 1901 ; Bowen, Texas, 1904; Stuart, Cumberland, 1906); D. B. Blake, second; Bejach, third. Two hundred and twenty yards dash — Mason, first, 23 seconds, equaling the previous record (Stuart, Cumberland, 1906); D. B. Blake, second; Bejach, third. Four hundred and forty yards dash — Mason, first, 50 2-5 seconds, equal ing the previous record (G. Jones, Vanderbilt, 1902) ; Bejach, second. (Ewing with a handicap of forty yards ran his distance in 49 4-5 seconds.) Half-mile run — Dann, first, 2 minutes 10 seconds, record 2 minutes 5 1-2 seconds (VanNess, Ala. P. I., 1896) ; Ewing, second. Mile run — Lockhart, first, 4 minutes 50 2-5 seconds, record 4 minutes 48 seconds (Harvey, Ala. P. I., 1896) ; Nelson, second. One hundred1 and twenty yards hurdle — Stone, first, 17 1-5 seconds, rec ord 16 3-5 seconds (Anderson, Vanderbilt, 1906) ; W. F. Winton, second. Two hundred and twenty yards hurdle — Stone, first, 28 2-5 seconds, record 27 1-4 seconds (Whiteman, Vanderbilt, 1899) ; D. B. Blake, second. Running broad jump — R. E. Blake, first, 20 feet 2 inches, record 21 feet 8 1-2 inches (Hamilton, Vanderbilt, 1906) ; King, second; Raff, third. Running high jump — R. E. Blake and Stone tied for first place, 5 feet 5 1-4 inches, record 5 feet 9 1-4 inches (Anderson, Vanderbilt, 1905) ; Winton, third. Pole vault — R. E. Blake, first, 10 feet 9 inches, breaking the previous record, 10 feet 6 1-2 inches (R. E. Blake and Haygood, Vanderbilt, 1906) ; Proctor, second. Shot put — Stone, first, 33 feet 8 1-4 inches, record 40 feet 5 1-2 inches (Parrish, Texas, 1904) ; R. E. Blake, second; Proctor, third. Hammer throw — O. F. Noel, first, 130 feet 3 1-2 inches, breaking the record 121 feet 51-2 inches (Parrish, Texas, 1904); R. E. Blake, second; Pittman, third. The Stief Medal for the highest individual number of points was won by R. E. Blake, with twenty points ; and the Lowenheim Medal for the next highest individual number was won by J. N. Stone, with fourteen points. 250 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Inter scholastic Track Meet. The Tenth Annual Interscholastic Track Meet, under the direc tion of the Athletic Association of Vanderbilt University, was held on Dudley Field on Saturday, May 4. Again the Mooney School won, but by a margin that was not safe until the last event had been run and won. Seven schools entered : Branham and Hughes School, with a team of twelve men ; Castle Heights, with a team of seventeen men ; Columbia Military Academy, with nine men ; Fogg High School, of Nashville, with eight men; the Mooney School, with sixteen men ; the Patterson-Davenport School, of Louisville, with six men; and the University-Flexner School, of Louisville, with one man. The Mooney team made 46 points ; the Branham and Hughes team, 34 points; Castle Heights, 19; University- Flexner School, 16; Patterson-Davenport School, 8; Columbia Military Academy, 2; and Fogg High School, 1. The track was wet, and no records on the track were broken ; but a number of the events were won in time very close to the record. The best individual record work was done by Arthur, of the University-Flexner School, and Bell, of Branham and Hughes School. The medal offered by George R. Calhoun & Company to the man making the highest individual score and the one of fered by the Vanderbilt University Athletic Association to the man making the second best record were this year declared to be equal and given to these men, who each made sixteen points. Arthur won in the high jump and the broad jump and came sec ond in the shot put and the pole vault. Bell won the hundred yards dash, the two hundred and twenty yards dash, the quarter mile, and came third in the pole vault. One hundred yards dash — Bell (B. and H.), first, 10 4-5 seconds, record 10 1-5 seconds (Cartmell, Louisville Manual Training High School, 1903) ; Wantland (C. H.), second; Ward (C. H.), third. Two hundred and twenty yards dash — Bell (B. and H.), first, 23 4-5 seconds, record 22 1-5 seconds (Cartmell, Louisville Manual Training High School, 1903) ; Wantland (C. H.), second; Tardy (C. M. A.), third. Four hundred and forty yards dash — Bell (B. and H.), first, 56 seconds, record 53 seconds (Leonard, Mooney School, 1906); Lyons (M.). second; Orndorff (C. H.), third. Half-mile run — Thompson (M.), first, 2 minutes 9 seconds, record 2 minutes 5 seconds (Lyons, Mooney School, 1906); Dortch (B. and H.), second; Northcutt (C. H.), third. University News. 251 Mile run — Lyons (M.), first, 5 minutes 10 3-5 seconds; McGaughey (C. H.), second; Roberts (M.), third. This is the first time this event has been run in the Interscholastic Meet. One hundred and twenty yards hurdle — Williams (M.), first, 16 1-5 seconds, record 14 3-5 seconds (Taylor, Louisville Male High School, 1904) ; Wantland (C. H.) and Ramsey (B. and H.) tied for second place. Relay race, one mile — The Mooney team (Lyons, Henderson, Owens, and Thompson), first, 3 minutes 45 seconds, record 3 minutes 38 1-5 sec onds (Mooney team, Little, Lyons, Leonard, and Shipp, 1906) ; the Bran- ham and Hughes team (Ramsey, Kirk, Cherry and Bell), second; the Castle heights team (Crowe, Bradley, Collins, and Brown), third. Running high jump — Arthur (U.-F.), first, 5 feet 5 1-4 inches, record 5 feet 6 inches (Cox, Castle Heights, and Stone, Mooney, tied, 1904) ; Heyburn (P.-D.), second; Chriesman (B. and H), third. Running broad jump — Arthur (U.-F.), first, 20 feet 2 1-2 inches, record 21 feet 7 inches (Hamilton, Mooney, 1002); Keathly (C. H.), second; Metzger (F. H. S.), third. Pole vault — Heyburn (P.-D.), first, 10 feet 1-2 inch, record 10 feet 5 1-2 inches (Arthur, Louisville Manual Training High School, 1903) ; Arthur (U.-F), second; Bell (B. and H.), third. Shot put (twelve pounds) — Freeland (M.), first, 43 feet 6 1-2 inches, record 46.8 feet (McLarty, University-Flexner School, 1906) ; Arthur (U.-F.), second; Nicholson (M.), third. Hammer throw (twelve pounds) — Freeland (M.), first, 124 feet 71-5 inches, record 139 feet 6 inches (Struss, Louisville Manual Training High School, 1902); Morgan (B. and H.), second; Gray (C. M. A.), third. Discus throw — Nicholson (M.), first, 103 feet 10 inches, breaking the record of 95.4 feet (Nicholson, Mooney School, 1906) ; Morgan (B. and H.), second; Freeland (M.), third. Aggregate — Mooney team, 46; Branham and Hughes team, 34; Castle Heights team, 19; University-Flexner team, 16; Patterson-Davenport team, 8; Columbia Military Academy team, 2; Fogg High School team, 1. Total, 126. Baseball. The Baseball Team was captained by John L. Craig and man aged by J. O. Manier. It played twenty games with seven colleges, winning fifteen. Three trips were taken : to Tuscaloosa, where only two games were played, both of which were lost; to Atlanta, where two out of three were won from the Georgia School of Technology; and to Sewanee, where both games were won. In fact, the whole Sewanee series of five games was won. The Uni versity of Alabama was the only opponent to which a series was lost. 252 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. The pitching of Love was of a high order of merit; but on the whole the team could not be called strong. It lacked steadiness and self-confidence and experience, showing at times good ability and rather giving promise for another year than fulfilling the expectations of those who know the standards set by the best Vanderbilt teams. Four promising freshmen won places on the team. The series and scores were as follows: Against the University of Alabama, in Tuscaloosa, 1-4, 4-7; against Howard College, on Dudley Field, 7-2; against Southwestern Presbyterian Uni versity, on Dudley Field, 4-2, 4-5, 10-1 ; against Cumberland Uni versity, on Dudley Field, 14-2, 6-4, 4-2; against Georgia Tech., in Atlanta, 6-0, 6-5, 2-3; against Texas, on Dudley Field, 11-0, 3-5, 6-3; against Sewanee, on the Mountain, 3-1, 6-4; against Sewanee, on Dudley Field, 3-1, 6-4, 4-2. The following is the record for the season furnished by W. T. McLain. The record does not contain the data for the Alabama game, the score book having been lost on that trip. Players' Record. ■M w II 2 a 3 A u ■ C 1 tit 5 ■ e O B 05 0 3 3 1 1 0 < SJ X n £ < H 1n Sl, Coston '4 5' '3 13 10 23 6 S 906 ^57 Fulger 18 S» 10 14 139 22 I 7 964 -42 Webster 18 62 7 '3 t '9 6 I 7 961 209 Brown 2 3 1 1 0 1 1 I 1 666 333 Craig 18 73 12 20 5 38 40 7 2 910 Cunningham 18 SO 10 '5 6 •S3 2 12 S 922 268" Hall 15 50 12 21 5 '7 2 1 4 95° 420 Potts 18 S» 11 '.S 8 27 20 5 S 903 258 Bond 17 48 11 10 8 29 37 10 2 868 207 Blake 3 10 2 2 3 4 1 0 1 1000 200 Inglis 7 27 6 9 2 7 '5 2 2 916 333 Morrison.. . . 4 14 2 3 0 1 6 0 0 1000 214 Thweat 2 4 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1000 5°° Love 7 25 3 3 0 2 >4 S 0 761 120 Pinson 3 9 2 3 1 9 2 0 0 1000 333 Guthrie 1 4 1 1 1 1 I 1 0 666 250 University News. 253 P1tchers' Record. BB V 0 "8 0 £ n 0 u < c vt OS eS 0 i u3 0w O 5) 5 n Inglis... 6 s 1 35 42 17 833 Morrison 4 3 1 29 24 6 666 Thweat . 2 1 1 16 9 3 500 Love... . 6 6 0 40 26 9 IOOO Gymnasium Team. Under the direction of G. T. Denton, B.S. '06, Director of the Gymnasium, the Gymnasium Club has had a successful year, enrolling in its membership a number of expert gymnasts and giving several public exhibitions of much merit. Football Schedule. The football schedule for next fall includes the following games : With Kentucky State on Dudley Field, October 5. With United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md., October 12. With Rose Polytechnic on Dudley Field, October 26. With University of Michigan on Dudley Field, November 2. With the University of Mississippi on Dudley Field, November 9. With Georgia School of Technology on Dudley Field, November 16. With Sewanee on Dudley Field on Thanksgiving Day. 3a$. €. Caldwell $ $0n FIRE INSURANCE NO. 1 1RC1DE NASHVILLE Mrs, Lulu B, Epperson IJVSVRAJVCE 614-614 ', First National Bank Building NASHVILLE TENN. FOUNTAIN PENS: Every pen guaranteed to work satisfactorily. AH points made of the beat 14-karat gold. The barrel is of either black or mottled hard rubber. Each pen is accompanied by a filler and packed in a box. Order by the number, stating whether you want a coarse, medium, or fine point. EAGLE FOUNTAIN PEN. No. 14 $1 00 "SWAN" FOUNTAIN PENS. No. 3001. Medium-size barrel and point 2 *S No. 4032. Large barrel and point 3 50 No. 5032. Extra large barrel and point 5 w WATERMAN'S "IDEAL" FOUNTAIN PENS. No. 12. Medium-size barrel and point a V> No. 13. A size larger than No. 12 3 5° No. 14. A size larger than No. 13 4 00 No. IS. Large barrel and point 5 00 No. 16. Extra large barrel and point 6 00 SELF-FILLING FOUNTAIN PENS. Ranging in price from $1.50 to $7.50. Smith $ Camar nastwllle, Ccnnesstt Dallas, Cexas Vanderbilt University THIRTY-SECOND COMMENCEMENT, UNIVERSITY CHAPEL, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 19, 1907, AT 10 A.M. PROGRAMME Process1on. Mus1c. Prayer. Mus1c. Address — Class Representative, Academic and Engineering Departments. Armand Max Souby, Del Rio, Texas. " Brutus.'' Address — Faculty Representative, Academic and Engineering Depart ments. Francis Pelzer Smart, Charlottesville, Va. " Passive Resistance." Mus1c. Address — Representative of the Biblical Department. Clyde Keener Campbell, Augusta, Ga. "America's Moral Awakening." ADDRESS — Representative of the Law Department Alex Travis Howard, Mobile, Ala. "Centralization by Judicial Construction." Mus1c. Presentat1on of D1plomas and Medals. Bened1ct1on. HONOR ROLL ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT SENIOR CLASS Ambrose, Rosa — Biology, Mathematics. French, English, Economics Nashville, Tenn. Ambrose. Sophie — Biologv, Geology (2), English - -Nashville, Tenn. Bryan. William Butler— Public Speaking, English. Economics Columbus. Miss. Cornelius, Rufus Thomas— Latin, Deductive Logic, Spanish, English Gordonsville, Ky. Fowlkes, Sam La rkins— German, History, Inductive Logic, Ethics, English, Sociology. - Newbern. Tenn. Goodpasture. Ernest William— Chemistry (2), Deductive Logic, Psy chology, French. --. Nashville, Tenn. Guill, Katie Gordon -Geology, English (2)- - Nashville. Tenn. Hall, Glenn Andrews — Histology. Materia Medica, Phvsiology Nashville, Tenn. Hall, Stroud — Biology, Chemistry, Geology . German, Ethics. English Stephens, Ark. Manier, John Owsley— Histology, Materia Medica, Deductive Logic, Psychology, Physiology Nashville, Tenn. McLain. William Tyler— History Gloster, Miss. McHenry, Carl Holbrook French (2), Spanish, Sociology. Economics. - .Monroe, La. Newberry, Farrar Claudina— -German, Greek, History, Gymnasium (2)- - Arkadelphia, Ark. Odell, Allan Fulsom— Biology, Chemistry Water Valley. Miss. Poage, James Malcolm— Gymnasium. English Tallahassee. Fla. Ragsdale, Lexie Ulner — Chemistry, German. History. Deductive Logic, Psychology. Public Speaking, Spanish, Economics Columbia. Tenn. Rhodes, Moffett Jewel — Inductive Log1c, Ethics, Public Speaking, Gymnasium, English. Economics - Arkadelphia, Ark. Rhodes. Robert Clinton — History. Gymnasium (2) Arkadelphia. Ark. Smart, Francis P. — Biology (2), Inductive Logic, Ethics, English (2) . .Charlottesville, Va. Souby, Armand Max — Chemistry, History. Deductive Logic, Psy chology, Physics. French. Gymnasium, English. Economics Del Rio, Texas Tabb, Theodore Turner— Public Speaking, Gymnasium, English, Sociology Hedgeville. W. Va. Thompson, Edward G. — Histology, Materia Medica 1 Marianna. Ark. Vann, Eugene Ellis — German. History, Deductive Logic, Psychology, Ethics. English, Economics.. Brookside. Ala. Vaughan, Robert Ferguson- -History. Deductive Logic, Physics, Economics, English - Clarksville, Tenn. Winton. Walter Ferrell — Geology, Physics. Drawing, Surveying, Economics .Nashville. Tenn. JUNIOR CLASS Bejach, Lois — Gymnasium, Economics Memphis, Tenn. Blake, Robert Edward — Geology. .- Nashville, Tenn. Bos well, Clifton Sea ton — Chemistry, Deductive Logic, Psychology, Phvsics, Public Speaking, French. Gymnasium, English Louisville, Ky. Chappell, James Edward— Deductive Logic - Hopkinsville, Ky. Clark. chology, Gordentia Physics. Waite Gymnasium. — Chemistry, Economics Geology, Deductive .. Logic, Psy WTartrace, Tenn. Cullom, Cornelius Perry — Psychology, Physics.-. . Waco, Texas. Cummings, Allen Bledsoe -Creek, Latin. French, Spanish Petersburg, Tenn. Dozier, Howard Douglas — Physics, Sociology Chapel Hill, Tenn. Eaton. Alfred Harmon — German, History, Deductive Logic, Psy chology , French , English Memphis, Tenn . Epperson, Thomas Haslam — Gymnasium . Nashville, Tenn. Ewing, Samuel Cecil — Geology, History, Gymnasium. Economics Columbia. Tenn. Gorton. Levin Wailcs — Geology, Psychology, Gymnasium Waterproof, La. Graham, Edward Witt — Greek Camden. Tenn. Handly, Elise — French. English - .Nashville. Tenn. Hanlin, Ruby — Geology. German. History, Deductive Logic, Psy chology, English . . Cullman. Ala. Inglis, Edgar Auchincloss — Physics Jacksonville. Fla. McClung, Reid Lage -German, Deductive Logic, Psychology, Eco nomics, Sociology Catlettsburg, Ky. Moore, Nannie Hardin — Greek, Mathematics, Deductive Logic, Psy chology, Phvsics, French McKenzie. Tenn. Morton, Marvin Posev — Spanish, Economics Fordyce, Ark. Murphy, Lawrence W. — Chemistry, Deductive Logic, Psychology, Phvsics, French, Economics Magnolia, Ark. Paine, Thomas Fite — Deductive Logic, Psychology, Physics Aberdeen. Miss. Perry, William Sprigg — Greek, History, Latin, Deductive Logic, Psychology, English Franklin. Ky. Prather, Andrew — Biology Columbus, Ga. Rhodes, Jim — Gymnasium (j) Arkadelphia, Ark. 2 Scales, Daniel Hillman — Economics Nashville. Tenn. Self, William Dennie — Psychology, Public Speaking ..Jonesboro, Ark. Vertrees, .John Jacob, Jr.— Economics .Nashville, Tenn. Waters. William Harrison— Deductive Logic, Physics, English — - ..Lebanon, Tenn. Young, Elizabeth — Greek, History, Mathematics, Deductive Logic, Psychology, English Memphis, Tenn. SOPHOMORE CLASS Amis, Agnes — Biology, Latin, Physics, French Nashville, Tenn. Bell, Sam Dent— Greek, Latin Martin, Tenn. Bennett, Charles William — Chemistry. Geology, German, Latin. Mathematics, French, Gymnasium .•-. Hartford, Ky. Black, Virginia — Mathematics ^ -Nashville, Tenn. Bransford, Henrv Erwin — Biology, French, Gymnasium Union City, Tenn. Bright JRobert Erie — German. Economics Trenton, Tenn. Caldwell, Sam Johnston, Jr. — Physics Union Springs, Ala. Clayton, William Marvin— Greek, Latin, History Cornersville, Tenn. Cox. Elijah Allen — Greek, Latin, English, History Baldwyn, Miss. Dale, Norman — Economics, History - Columbia, Tenn. Elliott, Julian — Greek Weatherford, Texas. Gardner, Carl Clinton — German, Greek, History, Latin, Gymnasium (2) English. History Columbia, Tenn. Gates, Florena — Chemistry, German, Latin, Physics, History Nashville, Tenn. Gwynne, James Hugh— Biology. French. Sociology — Martha, Tenn. Hayes, R1chard Foster, Jr. — German, Greek, Latin, English, History Elkton, Ky. Henry. Robert Selph— Greek, Latin, Public Speaking, French, En glish, History Nashville, Tenn. Hill, John — German, Greek, Latin, French, English, History Dresden, Tenn. Matheney, William Porter — Public Speaking Cookeville, Tenn. Moore, Charles Tansil — German, Greek, French, History — Sharon, Tenn. Morton, David Hazel — Mathematics Louisville, Ky. Munger, William Peres — Biology Rochester. N. Y. Pepper, Samuel McDavitt — Biology. Chemistry, Gymnasium Memphis. Tenn. Pipkin, John Granberry — Economics Pine Bluff, Ark. Proctor. Jewel Beauchamp — Biology — Franklin, Ky. Sexton. Daniel Perkins— English ..Memphis, Tenn. Sherrell, Horace Everett — Deductive Logic, Psychology. Economics Dellrose. Tenn. Souby, James Martin — Greek. History, Latin, English, Economics Del Rio, Texas. Stokes, James W hit worth— Sociology Nashville, Tenn. Taylor, Howell Richard— Physics Brownsville, Tenn. Terry. Paul Washington— Biology, Mathematics, Physics, Public Speaking, French, Gvmnasium, English -- Louisville, Ky. Throop. Willard Lyon — Gymnasium - .Nashville. Tenn. Turney, Jack Reid— History. Latin -Nashville, Tenn. Whitaker, Karle Erroll — Biology, German, Mathematics, Physics, French. Gymnasium, English. -- Tampa, Fla. FRESHMAN CLASS Adams. Morton Boyte — English. Mathematics. Gymnasium, History Nashville, Tenn. Amis, Reese Thomas — Greek, Latin, Mathematics, French, Gymna sium, English .- — Franklin, Tenn. Bartlett, Add1e — Greek. Latin, Mathematics, French, English — Cedar Hill, Tenn. Beene, Dow Bunyan — German, Greek. Latin. French, English. Town Creek, Ala. Bennett, George Milton — Chemistry, English, German, Mathematics, History -- - - Paragould, Ark. Bowers, Paul Cromer- — Chemistry, German, Mathematics, French. Gymnasium, English, History.. Anderson, Ind. Brewer, Herschel Vemer — Gymnasium Terrell, Tenn. Bull, John William — Greek. Latin, Mathematics, French, English Elkton, Tenn. Callahan, Hugh Lawson — Chemistry, German, Greek, Latin, Mathematics. -Nashville, Tenn. Carter, John Calhoun — English .Nashville, Tenn. Church, James Lunce— Greek. Latin, Mathematics, Public Speaking Columbia, Tenn. Coleman, Charles William — Greek, Latin, Mathematics, French Allensville, Ky. Collins, Tom — Gymnasium Hanceville, Ala. Cornelius, Charles LeSeur — Oreek, Latin Nashville, Tenn. Dennedy, Helen Margaret— English (2), German, History Nashville, Tenn. Dowling, Noel Thomas — German, Latin, Mathematics, Gymnasium, English (2), History ..- Ozark, Ala. Gilmore. William Leonard — English Nashville, Tenn. Howell, Oliver Lynch — English. German, Latin, Mathematics, History Dover, Tenn. Kaufman, Rhoda — German, Mathematics, French, English (2), History — -' Columbus, Ga . Kaufman, Eli as Rsas — German, Latin, Mathematics, English (2), History - Lake Charles, La. Keebler, Roy Carter — Public Speaking - Louisville, Ky. Locke, Frank Murray — Latin, Public Speaking, French, English- Ashdown, Ark. Macdonell, Nanita — English Nashville, Tcnn. Mason. Laura Bell — German, French. English Cedar Hill, Tenn. Nelson, Wilbur Armistead — Chemistry, Mathematics, English, History Nashville. Tenn. Noland. Thomas Webb—Gymnasium Nashville, Tenn. Nye, Paul Fitzgerald — German. Latin, French. English - Nashville, Tenn. Pepper, Thomas — English . Springfield, Tenn. Pinson, William Wallace — Gymnasium, English Nashville, Tenn. Pittman, Allen Ross — German, Gymnasium, English Lebanon, Term. Potts, Hugh Frank — Greek, Latin, French, English Dallas. Texas. Priest, Charles — Latin, Mathematics, French. Gymnasium. English. History- -Baird, Miss. Raff. Arthur— Gymnasium - Louisville, Ky. Ransom, Joe Richard Thomas — English, Latin, Mathematics, Gym nasium Palmetto, Tenn . Revnolds. LeRov — Latin, English. Lawrenceburg, Tenn. Riddle, Sidney Walker— Mathematics Nashville, Tenn. Smith, Ira Dorman — Chemistry, German. •Mathematics, Public Speaking, English - . Hopkinsville. Ky. Swiggart. William Harris — Greek, Latin Union City, Tenn. Turner. Banks Pearson — Greek. Latin, French Newbern, Tenn. Turner, F. Hill— French New York. N. Y. Wade, Frank -German English — Trenton. Tenn. Wardlaw, Eloise — German. Greek, Latin. French. English Bellbuckle. Tenn Weaver, Burchette McF.-- English Latin . - Memphis, Tenn. White, Aaron Pancoast — English . Phoenix Ariz Young, Rebecca Locke — Greek, Latin, English, History Memphis. Tenn. IRREGULAR STUDENTS Manier. William R., Jr. — Inductive Logic, Psychology, Ethics Nashville. Tenn Whaling, H. M., Jr. — Inductive Logic, Ethics — Austin, Texas Gamble. Foster Kirk— Psychology .- Jasper. Ala ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SENIOR CLASS Baxter. Lewis LaTourette— Chemistry, Astronomy, Municipal En gineering - Nashville, Tenn . Culley. Massena L.— Geology, Engineering Laboratory. Machine Design Jackson. Miss. Howell, Morton Boyte, III— Chemistry .. Nashville, Tenn- Howington, James Timothy Chemistry, Structural Design Nashville, Tenn. Moore. Walter Smith — Chemistry, Geology Pontotoc, Miss. Kankin. Lewis DeMoville — Chemistry, Municipal Engineering, Rail way Location, Structural Design .- .Nashville, Tenn. Stubbleficld. D. Rankin, Jr. -Chemistry. Railway Machinery, En gineering Economics, Engineering Laboratory Nashville. Tenn. Taylor, Currie Finis Drawing Nashville. Tenn. JUNIOR CLASS Adams, Adam Gillespie, Jr.— Chemistry (2), Geology, Prime Movers .Nashville. Tenn. Allen, Wharton Harwell— Kinematics, Thermodynamics. Machine Design. Engineering Economics Nashville, Tenn Badoux. Henry Latimer- Drawing . Nashville. Tenn Brookes. John Finney — Chemistry. Geology, Physics, Masonry Structures. Drawing, Mechanics, Prime Movers Nashville, Tenn Conrad, Paul Zimri — Chemistry, Drawing Talley. Tenn Eatherly . Cha rles B . — Drawing Nashville. Ten:; Hasslock, Louis Whorle> — Physics, Drawing Nashville, Tenn Stone, J. Nolner— Ph Nashville, Tenn Tallev, Eugene Gardner — Drawing Nashville, Tenn Webster. Frank Watkins Clicmistrv. Geology. Astronomy, Physics, Masonry Structures, Drawing, Mechanics, Prime Movers Huntsville. Alu Williams. Samuel Watkins — Geology, Astronomy, Masonry Struct ures .-. -- West Harpeth, Tenn. SOPHOMORE CLASS Archer, George Ferguson, Jr. -Drawing Bellevue, Tenn. Brumbaeh. Charles Finney -Mathematics, Physics. Descriptive Ge ometry, Mechanics - Thompson Station, Tenn. Cowan, Hugh B. — Drawing,.. Nashville, Tenn. DeFord, James P. — German, Mathematics, Physics, Drawing, Sur veying, Descriptive Geometry, Mechanics Fayetteville, Tenn. Harlan, William Ernest — Physics, Drawing Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. Patterson, Robert Mead, Jr. — Mathematics Nashville, Tenn. Steele, William Clifton — Mathematics. Physics, Drawing, Survey ing, Descriptive Geometry Ma rtin , Ten n . West, Edward Hazzard — Drawing - -Nashville, Tenn. FRESHMAN CLASS Blackman, John Williams — Drawing Brentwood, Tenn. Bond, William H. — English New Orleans, La. Buford, Edwin Hardy — Chemistry, Gymnasium, Drawing, English Nashville, Tenn. Caldwell, Erwin — Gymnasium, Drawing - Nashville. Tenn. Cartwright, Henry Hart— German, Drawing Nashville, Tenn. Cheshire, James Ross — Mathematics, French, English Nashville, Tenn. Cleaves, John Royal— Drawing -- Brunswick, Tenn. Connell, Hooper Phillips — Drawing Nashville, Tenn. Damon. William T. — Mathematics, English Corsicana, Texas. Fox, Wilfred Leonard — Drawing Nashville. Tenn. Hayes, George Henry—Mathematics, Physics, Drawing Elkton. Ky. Lusky, Leonard Maurice — Chemistry. German, Mathematics, English Nashville, Tenn. May, Arthur W. — Chemistrv, Mathematics, Physics, Drawing, English Nashville, Tenn. McMurray. John William— Drawing Nashville, Tenn. Neely. William Daniel— Mathematics, Gymnasium Smyrna, Tenn. Pentecost, Clement B. — Chemistry. German, Mathematics, Gymna sium, Drawing, English .Nashville. Tenn. Rooney, Martin Aloysius— German, Drawing, English- Nashville, Tenn. Ross, William Warfield — Drawing, English Nashville. Tenn. Sample, Hubert Arthur B.— Chemistry, French, English Memphis, Tenn. Skipwith, Lee — Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Drawing Nashville, Tenn. Webster, Matt Scruggs — German, Mathematics. Physics, French. Gymnasium Wartrace, Tenn. DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY SENIOR CLASS Bell, Merton Ercle — Bacteriology Monticello, Ark- Bobbin, Lawson William — Chemistry, (2) Bacteriology, Materia Medica, Pharmacy , Beebe, Ark. Bradley, Earl D. — Bacteriology - Pleasant View, Tenn. Butenshon, Frank — Chemistry. Materia Medica .. Anniston, Ala Coffman, Roy Turnley — Chemistry (2), Bacte lology. Materia Med ica, Pharmacy- Friendship, Tenn. Davidson, Carlie W. — Materia Medica, Pharmacy Darrington, Miss. Felts, Herbert Duncan — Chemistry, Bacteriology, Materia Medica, .Pleasant View, Tenn. Henry, Thomas Edward, Jr. — Chemistry (2), Bacteriology, Materia Medica, Pharmacy - Corinth, Miss. Henry, William Bell — Chemistry (2), Bacteriology, Materia Medica, Pharmacy Corinth, Miss. Levy, Samuel Frank — Chemistry (2), Bacteriology, Materia Medica, Pharmacy Memphis, Tenn. McGahey, Robert Goodloe— Chemistrv, Bacteriology, Materia Med ica, Pharmacy .. ..Birmingham, Ala. Nash, Wiley Thomas — Chemistry, Bacteriology, Materia Medica Jonesboro, Ark. Ramsey, Alexander Dunn — Chemistry (2), Bacteriology. German, Materia Medica, Pharmacy Nashville, Tenn. Warner, Charles Boiling — Chemistry, Bacteriology Nashville, Tenn. JUNIOR CLASS Dodson, Carl Morris — Biology, Chemistry. Physiology Fulton, Ky King, James Gilbert — Chemistry Elkton, Tcnn- Landrum, Callie Agatha —Chemistry DeFuniak Springs. Fla- Long, Nathan Aldine — Biology, Chemistry, Physiology, Pharmacy Blountville. Tenn. Moore. Stephen William — Chemistry - .Nashville, Tenn. Kamsey, William Henry — Chemistry Lingleville, Texas. Rogers, Jonathan Bailey — Materia Medica .. Flynn's Lick, Tenn. Sandiford, Larmour B. — Biology, Chemistry, Physiology, Materia Medica , Pharmacy - - ~ Oxford, Ga . Toler, Rommie Scott — Physiology Sheridan, Ark. 5 DEGREES ACADEMIC DRPARTMENT BACHELOR OF ARTS William West Bond.. Bellbuckle, Tenn. William Butler Bryan Columbus. Miss. Rufus Thomas Cornelius. - - Gordonsville . Ky. Sam Larkins Fowlkes - Newbem, Tenn. Ernest William Goodpasture Nashville, Tenn. Arthur Fitzgerald Jones Dresden. Tenn. John Owsley Manier Nashville, Tenn. Farrar Claudina Newberry Arkadelphia, Ark. lames Malcolm Poage Tallahassee, Fla. Lexie Ulner Ragsdale - Columbia, Tenn. Matthew Cook Redmond - Floyd, La. Moffett Jewel Rhodes - Arkadelphia, Ark. Robert Clinton Rhodes Arkadelphia, Ark. Armand Max Souby Del Rio, Texas. Theodore Turner Tabb ..- Hedgeville . W . Va . Edward G. Thompson Marianna, Ark. Robert Ferguson Vaughan -- - Clarksville, Tenn. Walter Ferrell Winton - Nashville. Tenn. BACHELOR OF SCIENCE Rosa Ambrose — Nashville. Tenn. Sophie Ambrose Nashville. Tenn. Katie Gordon Guill Nashville. Tenn Glenn Andrews Hall Nashville, Tenn. Stroud Hall Stephens, Ark. Carl Holbrook McHenry -. M onroe. La. William Tyler M cLain Gloster, Miss. Allan Fulsom Odell .Water Valley. Miss. Francis Pelzer Smart - - Charlottesville. Va. MASTER OF ARTS Roland Litchfield Amberg, B.A. (Vanderbilt) Hickman, Ky. Chemistry, Econom1cs, English, History. Theodore Hampton Brewer, B.A. (Vanderbilt) - Louisville, Ky, English, English Philology, Greek, H1story. Frank Elijah Chapman, B.A. (Southern University).. Grove Hill, Ala. Economics, Mathemat1cs, (2), History. James Allen Eakes, B.A. (Emory College) Atlanta, Ga. English. Engl1sh Ph1lology, German, Latin. James Hinton, B.A. (Emory College) -Macon, Ga. Engl1sh, English Philologv, Greek, Latin. Adelaide Winter Lyon, B.A. (Vanderbilt) Nashville. Tenn. English, History, Latin (2), William T. Rowland, B.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan College) Carrollton. Ky. English Philology. Greek. Latin, Sanskrit. Ellis Williams Shuler, B.A. (Emory and Henry College) Big Stone Gap, Va. Biology, Chemistry, Engl1sh, Geology. Robert Lemuel Wiggins, Jr., B.A. (Emory College) Lumpkin. Ga. Engl1sh, English Philology, History, Latin. Paul Henning Willis, B.A. (Kentucky Wesleyan College) Atlanta, Texas. Economics, Patrist■c Greek, Hebrew, H1story. MASTER OF SCIENCE Horace Swift Lipscomb, B.S. (Vanderbilt) Nashville, Tenn. Astronomy, Chem1stry (2), Mathematics. Allan Fulsom Odell, B. S. (Vanderbilt) Water Valley, Miss. Biology, Chem1stry (2), English. DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Willis Duke Weatherford, B.A., M.A. (Vanderbilt) Atlanta, Ga, Economics, Engl1sh, History. Thesis: "Fundamental Religious Principles in Browning's Poetry." ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT BACHELOR OF ENOINEERINO Lewis LaTourette Baxter Nashville, Term. Massena L. Cully -- - -Jackson, Miss. Clarence H. Fielder Trenton, Tenn. Morton Boyte Howell, III Nashville, Tenn. James Timothy Howington Nashville, Tenn. James Eugene Lockhart Nashville. Tenn. Walter Smith Moore Pontotoc, Miss. Louis DeMoville Rankin Nashville, Tenn. Ellsworth Poindexter Scales - Nashville, Tenn. D. Rankin Stubblefield, Jr Nashville. Tenn. MECHANICAL ENQINEERINO Daniel Bigelow Blake, B.E. (Vanderbilt) Nashville, Tenn. Geology. Machine Design, Industrial Chemistry. Analysis of Iron and Steel, David Irving Miller, B.E. (Vanderbilt). Sheffield, Ala. Thesis: "New Form of Blast Furnace Top." BIBLICAL DEPARTMENT BACHELOR OF DIVINITY Clyde Keener Campbell, A.B. (Emory College) Augusta, Ga. Foster Kirk Gamble, A.M. (Southern University) Jasper, Ala. George Earl Hargis. A.B. (Morrisville College) Fair Grove, Mo. lesse Carlisle Rapp. A.M. (Kentucky We-deyan College) Kenton, Ky. Ray Shearer Trent A B (Emory and Henry Colleee) Rockford. Tenn. Eugene Ellis Vann, A.B. (North Alabama Conference College) Brookside, Ala. Bennett Tavlor Waites, B.S. (Valparaiso College) Rockford, Ala. H. M. Whaling, Jr., A.B. (University of Texas) Austin, Texas. RECIPIENTS OF ENQLISH CERTIFICATES James Wood Hitch, B.L. (University of Georgia) Waycross, Ga. Marvin Hindman Keen Rush Spring, Indian Territory. Henry Smith - - - Summers, Ark. LAW DEPARTMENT BACHELOR OF LAWS Clarence Ernest Adams, A.B. (Young Harris College) Danielville, Ga. William Bate Bell Cloverdale. Tenn. Tyler Berry Franklin , Tenn . Lloyd Holmes Burns, B.A. (Vanderbilt). .. Columbia. Tenn. William Knaus Chorn Fayette, Mo. Clinton Lipe Cochran ■ Chelsea, I. T. Alexander Travis Howard Mobile, Ala. George Taylor Hughes, Jr - .Columbia, Tenn. Roger Faulkner Jerman .. Alamo, Tenn. Marshall Edwin LeSueur . . Nashville, Tenn. Hugh Allen Locke, B.S. (N. A. C. C.) Birmingham. Ala. George Henry McKee Leesburg, Fla . Duncan L. McRae Prescott, Ark. John Read Moore, B. S. (Georgetown) .Georgetown, Ky. John Patrick Murphy, B.P. (Missouri State Normal) Festus. Mo. William Charles Murphy. B.P. (Missouri State Normal) Festus, Mo. Madison Ames Saunders. B.S. (University of Mississippi) Starkville, Miss. Henry Cooper Stockell. Nashville, Tenn. William Leslie Talley, A.B. (Princeton) Nashville, Tenn. Livingston Nelson Taylor Brownsville, Tenn. Charles Booker Thweatt. A.B. (Vanderbilt) DeVall's Bluff. Ark. PHARMACY DEPARTMENT PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMIST Merlon Ercle Bell (Hineman's University School) Monticello, Ark. Lawson William Bobbitt (Beebe High School) .Beebe, Ark. Frank Butenshon (Anniston Training School) Anniston. Ala- Roy Turnley CofEman (Friendship High School) Friendship, Tenn. Carlie _W . Davidson. B.S. (Mississippi A. & M. College) r Darrington. Miss. Herbert Duncan Felts (Peabody Normal College) Pleasant View, Tenn. Thomas Edward Henry. Jr. (Corinth High School) -. Corinth. Miss. William Bell Henry (Corinth High School) Corinth. Miss. Samuel Frank Levy (Memphis High School) Memphis. Tenn. Robert Goodloe McGahey (Franklin Academy) Birmingham, Ala. Wiley Thomas Nash (Woodland College) Jonesboro. Ark. Alexander Dunn Ramsay (Nashville High School) Nashville. Tenn. James Madison Todd (Decatur High School) - Decatur, Ala. Charles Boiling Warner (Montgomery Bell Academy)... Nashville, Tenn. MEDALS AND PRIZES MAX BLOOMSTEIN MEDAL Larmour B. Sandiford. A.B. (Emory College). Oxford, Ga. ANNUAL MATHEMATICS MEDAL Noel Thomas Dowling - - Ozark, Ala. LAW DEPARTMENT SCHOLARSHIPS A. W. Christian Nashville, Tenn. Lee Douglas - - Nashville, Tenn. Honorable mention of W. M. Campen. W. R. Manier, Jr., L. J. Rust. Lewis Tillman. ELLIOTT F. SHEPARD PRIZE H. M. Whaling, Jr., A.B. (University of Texas) Austin. Texas. OWEN PRIZE MEDAL Academic Department — Ellis Williams Shuler. B.A. (Emory and Henry College) Big Stone Gap. Va. Biblical Department — H. M. Whaling, Jr., A. B. (University of Texas) Austin Texas. R. A. YOUNO MEDAL Clyde Keener Campbell, A.B. (Emory College). Augusta, Ga. FOUNDER'S DAY MEDAL Hugh Allen Locke, B.S. (North Alabama Conference College) Birmingham, Ala- FOUNDER'S DEPARTMENT MEDALS Academic Department — Rosa Ambrose Nashville. Tenn. Engineering Department — Lewis LaTourette Baxter Nash viile, Tenn. Biblical Department — Clyde Keener Campbell, A.B. (Emory College) Augusta, Ga. Law Department — Duncan L. McRae Prescott. Ark. Honorable mention of R. F. Jerman, Hugh Locke. G. H. McKee, W. L. Talley. Medical Department — Webb Earl Cooper. Mt. Pleasant. Tenn. Pharmacy Department — Thomas Edward Henry, Jr Corinth, Miss. Department of Dentistrv — Herschell Bi^erstalT Rav, M.D. (Vander- bilt) Tompkinsville, Ky. 8 Vanderb1lt Un1vers1ty Quarterly A Record of University Life and Work Vol. VII OCTOBER. 1907 No. 4 Contents PAGB Current Comment ...... 257 The Honor System of Exam1nat1ons. By Dean W. H. Schuerman .... 260 DrRECTORY of the Department of Dent1stry Graduates ...... 272 Un1vers1ty News Increased Requ1rements for Adm1ss1on . . 295 May Entrance Examinat1ons .... 310 Interscholast1c Contests on F1eld and Forum 311 A Pledge Aga1nst Haz1ng ..... 313 A Vanderb1lt B1bl1ography .... 317 Notes ...... 311 Alumn1 Notes ...... 323 The Vanderbilt University Quarterly is published by Vanderbilt University, and is the Official Organ of the same. Subscription price, fifty cents; single copy, twenty- five cents. For advertising rates, address the Business Manager. Entered u ncond-clue matter at NuhrlUa, Tenn. General Publication Committee J. H. K1rkland, Chancellor of V«nderbilt University, Chairman Freder1ck W. Moore, Dean of Academic Faculty W. H. Schuerman, Dean of Engineering Faculty W. F. T1llett, Dean of Theological Faculty Horace H. Lurton, Dean of Law Faculty W. L. Dudley, Dean of Medical Faculty J. T. McG1ll, Dean of Pharmaceutical Faculty D. R. Stubblef1eld, Dean of Dental Faculty John H. DeW1tt, of Alumni Association Charles C. Trabue, of Alumni Association Edw1n W1ley, of Graduate Club A. G. Adams, Jr., Representative of Student Body Freder1ck W. Moore, Editor in Chief J. E. Hart, Business Manager. Vanderb1lt Un1vers1ty Quarterly » A Record of University Life and Work Vol. VII OCTOBER, 1907 No. 4 CURRENT COMMENT. Two new forces that will effectively supplement others now making for southern educational progress are the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, as it is now organized for educa tional campaigning around its Board of Education and on lines mapped out by its Educational Commission; and, sec ondly, the local interest in high schools. Ten years ago the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, cre ated a Board of Education, which has done effective work since its organization. Three times the Educational Commis sion has met to consider the questions of equipment in funds, building, and faculty, the curriculum, and the terms of ad mission suitable to be required of the various institutions which look to the denomination for patronage and support, and has laid down the policy which the Board of Education has followed. In August last the Commission met for the fourth time and took action which promises very wide-reach ing results. The Commission was composed of President R. E. Black- well, of Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Va. ; Professor H. B. Carre, of the Biblical Department of Vanderbilt Uni versity; Professor W. P. Few, of Trinity College, Durham, 258 V anderbilt University Quarterly. N. C. ; President R. S. Hyer, of Southwestern University, Georgetown, Tex.; President John 0. Willson, of Lander College for Girls, South Carolina; President J. E. Dickey, of Emory College, Georgia; Rev. J. C. Morris, until recently President of Central College, Fayette, Mo.; President Stone wall Anderson, of Hendrix College, Conway, Ark. ; Professor Edward Mayes, of Millsaps College, Jackson, Miss. ; and Pro fessor J. A. Kern, of the Biblical Department of Vanderbilt University — all being present to take part in the conference except the two last named. The Commission insisted on drawing a fundamental dis tinction between colleges on the one hand and academies, or high or secondary schools, on the other; neither of which should undertake to do the work of the other. It grouped collegiate institutions into "Class A" and "Class B." The former must, beginning with the session of 1910-11, enforce requirements for admission aggregating fourteen points; and "conditions" must not exceed four points. Colleges of "Class B" must require twelve units, of which not to exceed four may be conditional. The Editing Committee of the Commission, with the ap proval of the other members, recommended to the Board of Education that it should not arbitrarily force every institu tion into one or the other of the established classes. The Scarritt Bible and Training School is an instance of an in stitution deserving denominational recognition in its peculiar field, but doing neither academy work nor college work and denied the use of either name. Some of the schools for girls do not maintain a carefully differentiated college preparatory department, and are not therefore doing academy work; neither are they attaining to work of even the "Class B" Col lege grade. In the far West, where the State universities are strong, there seems to be an opportunity to develop a "junior college," which should prepare students for the junior class of the standard colleges. Such institutions, should they arise in the West and should there come to be a place for them in Current Comment. 259 the South, would deserve recognition, though not as acade mies on the one hand nor as colleges on the other. The college representatives serving on the Commission ex pressed the purpose of their several institutions to qualify in College "Class A." As they include most of the leading de nominational institutions, the announcement of this intention must be taken as one of the most significant facts about the conference. It will mean that practically all of the leading institutions of higher learning looking especially to the Methodist Epis copal Church, South, for patronage and support have com mitted themselves to a standard of work which would qualify them for membership in the Association of Colleges and Pre paratory Schools, where now only four are eligible even with the present requirements of the Association, and which would place them among the standard institutions of the country. If such is to be the standard of the colleges, those teachers, presiding elders, preachers, and parents who are interested in sending young men and women to college are, perforce, in terested in having suitable private or public schools of sec ondary grade at hand to provide the necessary preparation for college. The influence of such an element would spread be yond denominational lines and would become a powerful pub lic agency for the advancement of education in every south- em community. This local interest in high schools, which has already be come so marked and which the Southern Methodists will now have a special incentive to promote, can be made a very ef fective agency, especially in the upbuilding of the State in stitutions, if they will but make avail of it. Two things which have hindered the State institutions in raising the grade of their work have been the obligation, which they have felt to be incumbent upon them, to reach down to the grade of the public school system as it has existed and take the youth of the State for more advanced work; and the fear they have felt lest the enforcement of a higher grade 260 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. would, by debarring some, arouse the opposition of members of the Legislature upon whose votes they are dependent for their funds. Under the conditions now coming to prevail these hin drances should disappear. The communities which have good high schools do not want to bear an additional tax to support a State institution that is duplicating the work of the local school and competing with it for patronage; but they will be likely to appreciate the needs of a State institution and to favor its requests for means to carry on the advanced work. Thus the State institutions should, by cultivating the local high school interests, be able to make for themselves friends who will be appreciative, loyal, and increasingly influential as the high schools increase in numbers. THE HONOR SYSTEM OF EXAMINATIONS.* BY WM. H. SCHUERMAN, Dean of the Engineering Department and Professor of Civil Engineering. Vanderbilt University. Th1s system is in quite general use in southern colleges ; but the writer is personally familiar only with the methods at Vanderbilt University of conducting examinations and of pro ceeding in cases of detected or suspected fraud under this sys tem. However, at the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Asso ciation of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Southern States, held at Knoxville, Tenn., November 1 and 2, 1906, a paper was presented by Professor W. M. Thornton, of the University of Virginia, on "The Honor System at the Univer sity of Virginia in Origin and Use," from which paper, as published in the Proceedings of the Association, extracts will be made to form Appendix II. of this paper. *Read at the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Society for the Promo tion of Engineering Education, Case School of Applied Science, Cleve land, Ohio, July 1 to 3, 1007. The Honor System of Examinations. 261 The honor system has been in use in Vanderbilt University since the opening of the Academic Department, in 1875. The regulations governing examinations in force at present are : "No book or paper shall be brought into the room, except as prescribed by the examining officer. "No communication of any kind shall be had by students with each other during examination, nor shall any student not under examination be admitted to the room without the consent of the examining officer. "No student shall leave the room during his examination, except in case of necessity, and with the consent of the exam ining officer, and no absence shall be longer than ten minutes. "The plea of sickness shall not excuse a student for failure on examination, and no student may leave the examination room on account of sickness, without the consent of the officer in charge, which consent will entitle the student to another examination. "No student will be admitted to an examination more than fifteen minutes after the opening of the examination without a satisfactory excuse; and a tardiness of one hour shall be counted as an absence, and shall forfeit the right to an exami nation altogether. "No paper will be read which does not have the following pledge, signed by the writer: 'I hereby pledge my word of honor as a gentleman that in this examination on I have neither given nor received assistance; the paper herein recorded was written in full compliance with the letter and spirit of the Honor System.' In addition to the blank pledge, given above, to be filled in and signed by the student, there is printed on the first page of the official booklet used in examinations the following : Honor System. "All examinations are conducted under the Honor System. Students are under pledge neither to give nor receive assist ance: they demand that this pledge be faithfully kept by all. 262 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. To this end they agree to report to the Students' Honor Com mittee any real or apparent violation of the spirit or letter of this law." For a good many years the form of the pledge was the following : "I hereby pledge my honor that I have not given or received assistance during this examination." This had to be written out by the student himself and signed; but it was found by experience that students would abbreviate or change the form ; usually in all innocence, but very rarely with the intention on the part of the student of putting the pledge in such a form that he could persuade himself that he had not violated the letter of his pledge, even though he had violated the spirit of the system. Of course it was assumed that papers having on them pledges at variance in form with that prescribed should be thrown out and the students handing them in marked zero on the examination. All whose duty it is to observe the en forcement by individual members of rules adopted by a faculty know that such enforcement varies from that of a strict con structionist to whom the alteration of a single unimportant word is sufficient to throw out a paper to that of a liberal con structionist who will accept any kind of a pledge as sufficient. The writer has known the single word "Pledge," with the stu dent's signature thereto, accepted as sufficient. As evidenced by discussions in faculty meetings at Vanderbilt, the opinion of the majority is that the entire pledge should be given ; and it is therefore printed on the official examination booklet as given under the regulations quoted before. This booklet is used in the examinations at the ends of the terms; it is the opinion of some that it should also be used in written quizzes or review examinations, given once or more a month during the hour of class meeting; but this has not yet become a pre scribed custom. In conducting examinations, originally a committee of three was present during the period of the examination. This seems to be still the custom at the University of Virginia, and as The Honor. System of Examinations. 263 possibly a heritage from the method of holding examinations before the introduction of the honor system. It was soon abandoned at Vanderbilt, and only the instructor giving the examination is present. Even this one sometimes leaves the room for one or two hours during the examination period of three hours; but this is bad practice. The instructor should be present during the entire period, not primarily to watch the students (for the very appearance of watching to detect cheat ing is avoided), but to maintain order and silence and to give information that may be asked for regarding the examination questions. For the successful operation of the honor system, the co operation of the student body is essential. The honesty of examinations may be gauged by the jealousy with which the students guard their own self-respect in the matter as evidenced by the report and trial of suspicious cases. The odium at tached to talebearing can and will be overcome by the per ception that dishonesty in examinations under the honor sys tem is a reflection on the honor of the entire student body. Among a large number of students there will always be found some who will not only cheat if they think they can do so without detection, but who will also sign the pledge after doing so. The method of procedure in the case of detection of dishonesty or apparent dishonesty on the part of a student by a fellow-student has changed in the course of time at Van derbilt. Originally the case was reported to the president of the class to which the suspected student belonged, and he was tried by his own class. The occasion for the change from this system, as well as the high regard in which the Honor System is held by the better class of students, is indicated in the follow ing article and editorial taken from the issue of February 8, 1900, of the Hustler, the weekly paper edited and published by the students of Vanderbilt University : 264 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Honor Comm1ttee Elected. "It is generally known to the student body that some de plorable breaches of honor have been committed in the exami nations of last term. These cases, though few, tainted the high standard of morals of the university and shocked the pride and feeling of the general student body immeasurably. It was necessary that the moral atmosphere of Vanderbilt be entirely and immediately clarified from these stains. We are 'on the honor system,' trusted as men of honor by our faculty, and it is the duty of each and every member of the student body to show his appreciation of this trust not alone by his own conduct, but by insisting on the absolute honesty of others in his class. It is a point of honor among the several classes to keep their members up to the standard of the university and to be ready to punish any one who may break this trust imme diately and without discrimination. "In accordance with this feeling, the senior class met ot: Thursday afternoon, February 1, and the following motion was unanimously passed : " 'Resolved, That a committee be appointed by the president of the senior class, immediately after his election, consisting of three seniors, to act in conjunction with the presidents of all four classes as a grand jury to investigate all cases of dishon esty on examinations and to submit them with proofs to the class to which the culprit belongs for action. This committee shall be known as the Honor Committee of Vanderbilt Uni versity, and the president of the senior class shall be its chair man.' " 'It was resolved further that this report be printed in the Hustler,' "The Honor Committee will be self-perpetuating. At the beginning of each year the president of the senior class will receive from the chancellor of the university the insignia of office, which will be presented before the student body. The sessions of the committee will be entirely secret and only its findings made public. Every student is expected to report The Honor System of Examinations. 265 cases of dishonesty to the president of his class, who reports to the Honor Committee. After investigation, the committee reports back to the class the result of its investigations and leaves the matter in the hands of the class. By this means all false reports are forever silenced and all true ones are verified and acted upon." "The necessity of an Honor Committee in the University is greatly to be regretted. We could wish that the time had never come in the history of Vanderbilt when it was necessary to organize against dishonesty. But be it said to the honor and manhood of the students that when the time has come, and the use of unfair means in examinations has made it necessary, the students have faced the condition and have taken every step to uphold the high standard of integrity of character that has so long been the pride of the university. "Some weeks before the intermediate examinations the Hustler called attention to the high standard of honor that the students had in the past insisted upon, and declared that the students would not tolerate any one in the university who would not live up to that standard. Again, immediately before the examinations, Chancellor Kirkland, as he always does at this time of the year, strongly and earnestly appealed to the man hood of the students and begged them that, rather than resort to unfairness, they would fail in every subject, that they would give up their diplomas rather than taint their characters. We had hoped that this would be enough, that those who had not been educated to the honor system would take warning. In deed, it had been so long since a Vanderbilt student had be trayed his trust that we had almost come to hope that, so strong and unflinching was the sentiment against it, it would never happen again. But the student body is continually changing, and every few years some man, by failing to recognize the unwritten law, makes it absolutely necessary that the students write it for him in unmistakable, everlasting terms. This the student body at Vanderbilt has never failed to do. The man who cheats on examination at Vanderbilt does a thing that no 266 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. tie of friendship or love, however dear, will keep the students from openly recognizing and condemning. He places himself in direct opposition to the student body as a unit. Fellow- students, classmates, and fraternity mates — all, though with sadness, yet with firmness, say: 'It is wrong; it must stop!' The verdict of the students, since the founding of the univer sity, has been and always will be the same." From the establishment of the Honor Committee, in 1900, nothing objectionable in the student administration of the system arose until the intermediate examination at the close of the first term of the academic year 1905-06. Charges of dishonesty during that examination on the part of two or three students were made to the president of the Honor Committee, and he, instead of calling a meeting of the committee to investi gate the charges, as it was his duty to do, took it upon him self to notify the accused parties of the suspicions against them, and stated that if he heard anything more of the kind he would have to call a meeting of the committee to try them. This action on his part coming to the knowledge of some members of the faculty and the chancellor, the latter notified the chair man of the Honor Committee that that disposition of the cases was unsatisfactory, that he had no discretion in the matter, and that he must immediately call a meeting of the committee and proceed with the trial of the accused students. It was to avoid, so far as possible, any such failure of the system as would have occurred had the action of the president of the senior class mentioned above gone unchallenged that the constitution now governing the composition and duties of the Honor Committee was adopted. This constitution is given as Appendix I. of this paper. Under it charges are made, and the trial is conducted by students. If the suspect clears himself, or if the evidence is not sufficient to convince five of the seven members of the Honor Committee of his guilt, the charges are dismissed; if declared guilty, he must leave the university. Everything is done quietly, and outsiders usually know nothing of these cases. The Honor System of Examinations. 267 There are some cases of dishonesty which are not detected by students, but which are discovered by members of the fac ulty. For example, in large classes students are sometimes compelled to sit so close together that one may be able to read the paper of a neighbor without detection by a fellow-student ; but comparison of papers may show conclusively to the exam iner that copying has been done. In such cases the practice is for the instructor to interview the suspected student, lay the evidence before him, and call for an explanation. If the stu dent pleads guilty, he is allowed to withdraw quietly from the university; if he continues to assert his innocence in the face of strong evidence of guilt, the case is laid before the faculty, and, if the evidence is sufficiently convincing, the student is ordered to withdraw from the university. About half the members of the faculties of the Academic and Engineering Departments have attended northern col leges as students, or as students and instructors, and they, as well as their colleagues, would regard a change from the honor system as nothing short of a great calamity to Vanderbilt Uni versity. Append1x I. Constitution of the Honor Committee of Vanderbilt University. Art1cle I. Name. The name of this committee shall be the Honor Committee of Vanderbilt University. Art. II. Object. This committee is an organization of the students for their own protection. It seeks to preserve the in tegrity of the honor system at Vanderbilt. It aims to secure to any student under suspicion of dishonesty in examinations his full due and to vindicate his name, if innocent ; to protect the honor and standing of the remainder of the students by his expulsion, if guilty. It purposes to do this in accordance with the procedure, rules, and organization hereinafter set forth. Art. III. Personnel. This committee shall consist of seven , 268 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. men, as follows : One representative from the freshman class, academic and engineering; one representative from the sopho more class, academic and engineering ; one representative from the junior class, academic and engineering; three representa tives from the senior class, academic and engineering; one representative from the junior and senior classes jointly of the Pharmacy Department. It shall be the duty of the president of each class to call a meeting of his class for the purpose of holding their elections, before November I of each year, and the members so elected shall serve for one year, or until their successors are elected. Art. IV. Officers and their duties. Section I. The officers of this committee shall be a chair man, a secretary, and a clerk. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the chairman to preside at all meetings of the committee; to make all persons coming before the committee, whether witnesses to testify or accused persons to be tried, to take oath that they will tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth ; to call a meeting of the committee immediately upon receiving from any student a written accusation against any student for using unfair means either to obtain or give help on any examination ; and to per form all the duties common to his office. Sec. 3. The secretary shall keep full minutes of all meetings and proceedings of all trials. Sec. 4. The clerk shall summon the accused and the wit nesses to all trials. Sec. 5. Duties of Members. It shall be the duty of each member to attend all meetings, to investigate all rumors and suspicions which are heard, and to report results of investi gations to the chairman. Art. V. Incompetency of Members. No man shall be competent to sit on any trial if he is of any relation by blood or marriage or a member of the same fraternity as the accused. The committee may, by a majority vote, declare a member in competent on other grounds. The Honor System of Examinations. 269 Art. VI. Filling Vacancies. Section 1. In case of a vacancy by a member withdrawing from college, the class shall elect his successor. Sec. 2. In case of temporary absence or of incompetency of any member of the committee, the remainder of the com mittee shall elect a member from the class of the absent or in competent member to serve in place of said member during the time of his absence or incompetency. Art. VII. Meetings. Section 1. There shall be one annual meeting of this com- mittee for organization and election of officers. This meeting shall be on the first Monday in November of each year. Sec. 2. Special meetings may be called by the chairman at any time. Sec. 3. A special meeting must be called immediately upon receipt of a written charge signed by any student of the uni versity. Sec. 4. Seven members shall constitute a quorum. Art. VIII. Form of Verdict. In case of trial, the verdict shall be "guilty" or "not guilty," and five votes shall be neces sary to convict the accused. Art. IX. Amendments. Amendments to this constitution shall require for their adoption five votes of the committee and ratification of the student body by a majority of votes. Art. X. Disposition of Records. At the end of each scho lastic year the constitution and records of this committee shall be delivered by the secretary to the chancellor, to be presented by him to the new committee when selected the following year. Append1x II.* Henry St. George Tucker offered to his colleagues in June, 1842, the following resolution : "Resolved, That in all future written examinations for dis- *Extracts from paper on "The Honor System at the University of Virginia in Origin and Use," by Professor W. M. Thornton, University of Virginia. 270 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. tinction or other honors of the university each candidate shall attach to the written answer presented by him on such examina tion a certificate in the following words : 'I, A. B., do hereby certify on honor that I have derived no assistance during the time of this examination from any source whatever, whether oral or written or in print, in giving the above answers. . . .' " That such a regulation was proposed and adopted would be proof, if proof were needed, that fraudulent devices had crept into the examination rooms. The original law of the faculty reproduced the practice common in the colleges of that day — the practice of the present day at Oxford and Cambridge and many other schools. Every examination was conducted by a committee of three professors under the following rule : "A majority of the committee shall always be present during the examination, and they shall see that the students keep per fect silence, do not leave their seats, and have no communica tion with one another or with other persons. . . ." The examinations are conducted to-day under Professor Tucker's resolution of 1842, extended to preclude by explicit pledge the giving as well as the receiving of assistance. The committee of three professors is still present, but simply to in sure order and quiet, and to answer reasonable inquiries as to the question paper. The very appearance of watching the con duct of individual students is avoided. It is felt that the jeal ous self-respect of the student body furnishes the best guaran tee of honesty. Some of us habitually speak in a simple but earnest way to the first year classes at one of the closing lec tures of the fall term on the attitude of the university toward its students in general, and particularly as to the examinations, and strive to impress upon them by affectionate admonition the genuineness of our trust in them and the reciprocal duty rest ing on them of a fastidious rectitude of action. But these admonitions seem even to us almost needless. So powerful is student tradition in these matters that no student brings with him to the examination room anything but a fresh pad of paper and a fountain pen; that no two students willingly The Honor System of Examinations. 271 occupy places at the same desk ; that no student leaves the room alone even for a few minutes ; that no student ever visits his room alone during the examination hours for any purpose whatsoever. Not only with the faculty, but with the students themselves, the prevalent belief is that the examinations are absolutely honest. The fact that at rare intervals some pitiful creature — usually a man strange to the traditions and ideals of the place — yields to temptation, cheats, and is detected, adds to our confidence in the prevalent rectitude. Where every man strives to avoid the very appearance of evil, the actions of such a student soon bring him under suspicion. His classmates, jealous of the fair fame of their class and of the university, observe him more carefully. We believe that such men are almost invariably first suspected, then detected, then expelled. The procedure in such cases is the same in all departments. Each of these is organized into a class, and elects a class presi dent and other officers, who are charged with the duty of ad vancing the general interests of that class. The suspected stu dent is at once reported confidentially to the president of the class. The charge and the evidence are laid by him before the class officers. If the evidence appears convincing, the student is called privately before these officers and confronted with his accusers. He hears the charge, the evidence is recited be fore him, and he makes his explanation. If he clears himself, the charge is at once dismissed, and nothing is ever heard of it by any outsider. If he cannot exculpate himself, he is given his choice of private withdrawal from the university or a pub lic trial. Usually the first of these alternatives is elected. If the student takes the second, he may have his trial either be fore his class or before the entire university, and the jury may be, at his option, composed of his classmates or may be an outside board of impartial referees. The faculty takes no part in the proceedings. In theory, even the convicted student has the right of appeal first to the faculty and the president, then to the board. In practice there is no appeal. To think of the honor system as a mere artifice for securing 19 272 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. honesty in the examination room, as an automatic machine for replacing so many keen-eyed proctors, is to miss the heart of the whole thing. The college officer who attempts to use it for ends so low. for purposes so mean, must not be surprised if it breaks down in his hands. To be effectual, it must be con ceived as a vital principle, exalting to nobler ends and purer aims all the incarnations of the academic life. It ought to affect, and it will affect, the outlook of the student mind upon all questions of conduct and duty. He is brought under its constraining force at an age when the sanctions of religious rearing often begin to lose their power; when the fresh new world of freedom and jov allures him with manifold tempta tions; when the nascent powers of virility produce in body and brain and heart the riotous springtide of youth and hope. Shall we account it a small thing if at this fateful moment we possess a discipline which helps to keep him straight and clean, which tells him in accents he cannot but heed that to be brave and loyal and true are man's peculiar virtues, which bids him embrace failure rather than stoop to fraud, which teaches him to despise an undeserved success and condemn an unmerited reward? DIRECTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEN TISTRY GRADUATES. The directory of the graduates of the Department of Den tistry has been prepared by a cooperative effort. The basis is the address list of the Association of Alumni of the Depart ment, revised and corrected by Drs. Dale, Gray, and Perkins. Polk's Directory of Practicing Dentists has been compared in all cases, and further information has been supplied by Dean Stubblefield and Dr. Morgan, who have been associated with the department from the beginning, and by Mr. J. D. Herblin, of Morrison Brothers' Dental Supply House, whose personal and business acquaintance with those who have been students Directory of Dentistry Graduates. 273 of dentistry in Nashville is wide. To all of these the thanks of the Quarterly are extended for their assistance. The Department has graduated an aggregate of eight hun dred and sixty men in twenty-eight classes. The classes fluc tuate greatly in size, reaching the maximum just as the change was made from a two- to a three-year course. Since the early nineties the course has been steadily improved by increasing the requirements for entrance, more carefully grading the work, increasing the requirements for graduation, and raising the fees. In 1905 Dr. Gray, who had been conducting a De partment of Dentistry for the University of Tennessee, became Secretary and Manager of the Yanderbilt Department of Den tistry. Of the eight hundred and sixty graduates, sixty-two are re ported dead ; sixteen not in practice, most of them engaged in other lines of business ; and seventy-one have been lost sight of. As their names are not in Polk's Directory, it is safely to be assumed that, if living, they must be added to those no longer practicing. Most of those who have died — certainly eighty-nine per cent of them — were practicing dentistry at the time of their death. But it has not been possible to determine accurately in all cases. Assuming eighty-seven a maximum number, out of seven hundred and ninety-eight to be out of practice, it will appear that ten per cent, cr possibly slightly less, of the graduates have abandoned the profession for which they were trained. Doctor of Dental Surgery. Class or 1880. 1 Blnkcmore, D. L. B., Real Estate and Insurance Nashville, Tenn. 2 *Cabaniss, T. E. Died in Clarksville, Tenn. 3 Kline, A. T Toledo, O. 4 Lees, R. B., M.D Nashville, Tenn. 5 *Webber, J. H. Died in Nashville, Tenn. Class of 1881. 6 *Anderson, Levi Gordon. Died in Fayetteville, Tenn. 274 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 7 Bailey, John Philips Nashville, Tenn. 8 Bogle, Robert McKroxky Nashville, Tenn. 9 Campbell, Horace Kent Memphis, Tenn. 10 Foster, James Levick, M.D., Business Thomasville, Ga. 1 1 Fountain, James Andrew Texas. 12 Lawrence, Andrew Jackson Fort Worth, Tex. 13 Moorman, James Duncan Texas. 14 *Prothro, Samuel Mathis, M.D. Died in Chattanooga, Tenn. 15 *Spencer, William Branson. Died in Jackson, Tenn. Class of 1882. 16 Allen, Thomas Mial, formerly Dean Birmingham Dental College. Birmingham, Ala. 17 Barr, James Allen Chadwick, Ill. 18 Flanders, William Jordan ' Wrightsville, Ga. 19 Flemister, William A Georgia. 20 Hambright, James Wetheram Adairsville, Ga. 21 *Jordan, Stephen Redford Georgia. 22 *Kemper, William Walter Missouri. 23 Lipscomb, Thomas Hawkins, Farmer Near Nashville, Tenn. 24 Lunquest, Mayans James Birmingham, Ala. 25 McAnnally, Francis Harrison Jasper, Ala. 26 Magruder, John Hawkins Jackson, Miss. 27 Powell, John Martin Prescott, Ark. 28 Stubblefield, David Rankin, Dean Department of Dentistry, Vander bilt University Nashville, Tenn. A.M. (Emory and Henry), M.D. (Vanderbilt University). 29 Tillett, William Edward Tracy City, Tenn. Class of 1883. 30 *Babbitt, George M Alabama. 31 Beach, Charles H Washington, D. C. 32 Burns, Jefferson D Ripley, Miss. 33 Carter, Lafayette A Georgia. 34 Ector, Erastus L. P Missoula, Mont. 35 Jones, Richard P Scottsboro, Ala. 36 Lacey, John T Nashville, Tenn. 37 McCrohan, Charles P Texas. 38 McFarland, James W Brownwood, Tex. 39 McNair, John R Ozark, Ala. 40 Mitchell, T. Rutledge Georgia. 41 *Nelson, James W Louisiana. 42 Petrie, Frank W Kentucky. 43 Proctor, David R Mt. Sterling, Ky. Directory of Dentistry Graduates. 275 44 Rominger, Cornelius A Reidsville, N. C. 45 Sutphin, James L Canmer, Ky. 46 Tally, Samuel W Syracuse, N. Y. Class of 1884. 47 Blackwell, B. G Bishop, Cal. 48 Chapman, R. B Troy, Ala. 49 Frazier, John E Birmingham, Ala. 50 Gambati, O. T., Dean Texas Dental College Houston, Tex. 51 McCurry, W. H Hartwell, Ga. 52 Perkins, F. E Birmingham, Ala. Class of 1885. 53 Barham, Charles Franklin Dallas, Tex. 54 *Cooper, George C., M.E., M.D England. 55 Ellard, Jonathan Allen Birmingham, Ala. 56 Fambrough, John Warren Rockland, Ga. 57 Field, Frank Henry New Orleans, La. 58 *Franklin, John S., M.D., D.D.S. {ad eundem). Died in Nashville, Tenn. 59 Frazier, James Andrew Alabama. 60 Garrison, David Rice Texas. 61 Gradolph, Frederick William Ohio. 62 Hayes, Edwin Lewis Kentucky. 63 Hogshead, William Horace Mendocino City, Cal. 64 McNair, Robert Henry, Physician Woodville, Miss. 65 Naff, William Crawford Greeneville, Tenn. 66 Peete, Joseph Whitten Memphis, Tenn. 67 *Rosser, Clarence Victor, formerly Dean of the Southern Dental College. Died in Atlanta, Ga. 68 Shoemaker, Jesse Wilson Carbon Hill, Ala. 69 Slaughter, George Washington Lafayette, Ala. 70 Smith, Lawrence Adkinson Port Gibson, Miss. 71 Stokes, George Washington Hampton, S. C. 72 Taylor, John Thomas Piano, Tex. 73 Tynes, Tyra Flemming McComb City, Miss. 74 *Weakley, Pinkney L South Carolina. 75 West, Thomas Claiborne, retired Natchez, Miss. 76 *Williams, Sheridan A South Carolina. 77 Wood, John, L.D.S., R.C.S., Ed. and Irel Scotland. 78 Wright, Lucius Dixon Dickson, Tenn. Class of 1886. 79 Blakemore, Edward Wadsworth Nashville, Tenn. 80 Brown, Gilbert Forum Chicago, Ill. 276 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 81 *Campbell, Alexander Patfield Kentucky. 82 Cole, Thomas Newnan, Ga. 83 Cotton, Wilson Hunt Salem, N. Y. 84 Crenshaw, Thomas Atlanta, Ga. 85 Fann, John Scott Georgia. 86 Ferguson, John Edwards Alexandria, Tenn. 87 Frink, Lorenzo Masters Tampa, Fla. 88 Fruit, Edgar Newton Hopkinsville, Ky. 89 Galloway, Raymond Madison Lancaster, S. C. 90 Guerrard, Jacob William Belton, S. C. 91 Harrell, Samuel Jackson Minden, La. 92 Haynes, Delus Whitesville, Ky. 93 Hensley, Robert Leonard Texas. 94 Houston, W. B Monroe, N. C. 95 Keener, Samuel Harvey Knoxville, Tenn. 96 *Lampkin, Allison Davis Mississippi. 97 Louque, George Albert New Orleans, La. 98 McCalla, Frank H Covington, Ga. 99 McLean, Nolan Bates Mississippi. 100 Neal, Thomas W Georgia. 101 Patrick, Wiley Albert Opelika, Ala. 102 Pope, Thomas Andrew Franklin, Tenn. 103 Powell, Samuel James Baton Rouge, La. 104 *Prothro, Edward Erasmus Tennessee. 105 Ramsay, Frank James Asheville, N. C. 106 Rubey, S. C. A Clinton, Mo. 107 Sale, Miles Sedan Virginia. 108 Slaughter, Wiley Fletcher Talladega, Ala. 109 Spurgeon, John William Standford Hillsboro, N. C. 1 10 Stokes, John Leslie Rock Hill, S. C 1n Strickland, Andrew Calhoun Anderson, S. C. 1 12 Timmons, Manley Edgefield, S. C 113 *Townsend, Moses J. L. Died in Helena, Ark. 114 Truly, Bennett Mississippi. 115 *Turner, Dick Bullock. Died in Franklin, Tenn. 116 White, Jeff Early Thomasville, Ga. 117 White, William Newton Florence, Ala. 118 *Winkler, Edwin Theodore Georgia. Doctor of Dental Surgery (Causa Honoris). 119 McWilliams, W. R Athens, Ala. Class of 1887. 120 Alexander, Francis Marion Reidsville, Ga. 121 Austermell, Jackson Julius Kansas City, Mo. Directory of Dentistry Graduates. 277 122 Birdsong, Thomas Butler Hazelhurst, Miss. 123 Brabson, Benjamin Davis Knoxville, Tenn. 124 Caffey, William Hooper Lawrence, Mass. 125 Cooper, Thaddeus Deberry Brownsville, Tenn. 126 Drake, Albert Caswell Central City, Ky. 127 Dyer, Alex A Galveston, Tex. 128 Foster, George Allen New Albany, Ind. 129 Foster, Shep Walter, Dean Southern Dental College Atlanta, Ga. 130 Hale, John Matthew Mt. Vernon, Ind. 131 Hardaway, Thomas Ezra Carthage, Mo. 132 Harper, George Albert Bonham, Tex. 133 Henley, Lindley Hoag Marshall, Tex. 134 Neeley, Nathaniel A Christ Church, New Zealand. 135 Parrish, Jesse Absalom Valdosta, Ga. 136 Wright, Patrick Henry Oxford, Miss. Doctor of Dental Surgery (Causa Honoris). 137 *Roberson, Albert Michigan. Class of 1888. 138 Acree, Rufus Watson Dover, Tenn. 139 Bailey, J. Shrewsbury Demopolis, Ala. 140 Broadstreet, John Paine Grenada, Miss. 141 Carroll, Rufus William Beaumont, Tex. 142 Crumbaker, Harry Ehrenfeld Altoona, Penn. 143 Duff, Samuel Glenn Greenville, Tex. 144 Fuller, Jesse Watson Little Rock, Ark. 145 Harris, Norflett Thorpe Tuscaloosa, Ala. 146 Irons, Letcher Mt. Vernon, Ill. 147 Jones, Robert Young Birmingham, Ala. 148 Keefer, John Benjamin Portland, Oregon. 149 Kennedy, Seaborn B S wainsboro, Ga. 150 Langford, Edward David Montgomery, Ala. 151 Lawrence, Samuel Jackson Fort Worth, Tex. 152 McCaskey, Frank Pettis Wetumpka, Ala. 153 McCubbins, Joseph C North Carolina. 154 McFerrin, Marvin Nashville, Tenn. 155 McKinney, William Thomas Beaver Dam, Ky. 156 Moore, William Alexander McCall, S. C. 157 Moorman, Hiram Moore Grand Rapids, Mich. 158 Parker, Francis Marion Los Angeles, Cal. 159 Perkins, William Dyer Birmingham, Ala. 160 Perryclear, John Hamilton Orangeburg, S. C. 161 Powell, Sidney Louisiana. 162 *Prichard, Wesley Fount. Died in Murfreesboro, Tenn. 278 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 163 Roberts, James Bennett Ste. Genevieve, Mo. 164 Robinson, Turb Field Fitzgerald, Ga. 165 Solenberger, Monroe Jacob Illinois. 166 *Thaxton, Timothy T. Died in Pratt City, Ala. 167 Vann, George Staten Gadsden, Ala. 168 Williams, Jesse Peters Henderson, Ky. 169 * Wright, Edward Kendal North Carolina. 170 Yonker, Lewis Long Bowling Green, Ohio. Class of 1889. 171 Allen, James H Eutaw, Ala. 172 Boyd, Clay Lynn Montgomery, Ala. 173 *Burgess, Thomas Catlett Tennessee. 174 Clark, John McWhirter Russellville, Ala. 175 *Crain, George Robert Tennessee. 176 *Desobry, William Robertson. Died in Plaquemine, La. 1 J7 Farrish, Oliver Capers Camden, Ala. 178 Forde, Joe William Bowling Green, Ky. 179 Goodwin, Joseph Conway Dunn, N. C. 180 Green, Julius Cxsar Alabama. 181 *Guess, William Archibald Mississippi. 182 Hadden, James Blair Kentucky. 183 Helden, William Harold Florence, Ala. 184 Henderson, Robert P Bartow, Fla. 185 Huestis, Oswell Milton Minneapolis, Minn. j86 Johnson, Samuel Warren. Mississippi. 187 Kettner, Robert Denver, Colo. 188 *McDavitt, Julius Clare. Died in Allensville, Ky. 189 McClannahan, Albion A Springfield, Tenn. 190 McKee, Stephen H Americus, Ga. 191 McNeeley, Owen Fairmont, W. Va. 192 Norconk, William Bear Lake, Mich. 193 Orr, David Flemming Moberly, Mo. 194 Templeton, James Orain Winchester, Tenn. 195 Tichenor, James Lacy Dallas, Tex. 196 Trotter, Askly Wynn Sevierville, Tenn. 197 Walker, Robert Moore Pittsburg, Penn. 198 Wasson, Julius Cushing San Jose, Cal. Class of 1890. 199 Anderson, Robert P Mocksville, N. C. 200 Anderson, William D Lindsay, La. 201 Andrews, John Edmond Harrison, Ark. 202 Bentley, Delevan F Niagara Falls, N. Y. Directory of Dentistry Graduates. 279 203 Brown, Alfred P Eufaula, Ala. 204 Campbell, Crockett Luf kin, Tex. 205 Combs, John William New Braunfels, Tex. 206 Douglass, Arthur Henry Fenton, Mich. 207 Downie, James H Detroit, Mich. 208 Dugger, James Ernest Alexandria, La. 209 Folse, Charles N White Castle, La. 210 Fox, John L Mt. Clemens, Mich. 211 Frazier, Allen Eugene High Point, N. C. 212 Gillespie, Cole Louis Medina, Tenn. 213 Gillespie, Felix Monroe Alabama. 214 Guess, William Hosea Rogers, Tex. 215 Harrison, Ebb Joseph Natchitoches, La. 216 Herman, Charles C Pensacola, Fla. 217 Hestle, Ernest Lyman Isney, Ala. 218 Hightower, Louis Victor Union Springs, Ala. 219 Houston, William Cyrus Concord, N. C. 220 Howard, Julius L Maysville, Cal. 221 Johnson, Frank Cheatham Paragould, Ark. 222 Jones, James William Anadarko, Okla. 223 Leonard, Norris Clayton Nashville, Tenn. 224 Meadows, Frederick Uly Greenville, Tex. 225 Montgomery, James Clifton Elizabethtown, Ky. 226 Morrow, Robert Mebane Burlington, N. C. 227 *Pearson, John Charles. Died in Selma, Ala. 228 Peden, John Williams Dyersburg, Tenn. 229 Price, William Ferdinand Vermilion, S. D. 230 *Robinson, Daniel Francis. Died in Montgomery, Ala. 231 Robson, Jesse W Hope, Ark. 232 Segrest, Hiram H Corpus Christi, Tex. 233 Shields, Cornelius L Alabama. 234 Smith, Francis W Austin, Tex. 235 Smith, Thomas W Palestine, Tex. 236 Stokes, William H Mayfield, Ky. 237 Stowers, Thomas M Jackson, Tenn. 238 Taylor, Charles H Memphis, Tenn. 239 Torrence, Louis Burnett Blandesville, Ill. 240 Tucker, Eugene Jackson • Roxboro, N. C. Class of 1891. 241 Adair, J. D Atlanta, Ga. 242 Allen, R. L Eutaw, Ala. 243 *Boales, Archie. • Died in Cleveland, Ohio. 244 Burks, R. H Metropolis, Ill. 280 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 245 Chapman, William C Du Quoin. III. 246 Combs, D. A Lockhart, Tex. 247 Combs, J. E Visalia, Cal. 248 Corbin, Arthur St. Johns, Mich. 249 Corlcy, W. W Selma, Ala. 250 Cutliff, J. G Albany, Ga. 251 Dale, J. A., Jr Nashville, Tenn. 252 Davis, B. D Mississippi. 253 Delhommer, C. C., not in practice Louisiana. 254 Dupre, B. N Chattanooga, Tenn. 255 Garfias, Manuel Mexico. 256 Graham, J. M Tullahoma, Tenn. 257 Griffis, R. D Palestine. Tex. 258 *Hallums. L. T. Died in Nashville, Tenn. 259 'Hatcher, J. H. Died in Portersville, Cal. 260 Hickman, E. F Gallatin, Tenn. 261 Holcomb, N. R Oak Grove, Mo. 262 *Hope, O. P. Died in Ava, Ill. 263 Hudson, G. H San Antonio, Tex. 264 Jordan, Hamet Lynchburg, Va. 265 Killain, J. B Hammon, Ala. 266 *Mills, R. Q Kentucky. 267 Martin, S. J Franklin, Ky. 268 Morris, E. F Paris, Tex. 269 Parker, W. L Rocky Springs, Miss. 270 Patterson, C. W South McAlester, Okla. 271 *Pearcy, G. S. ^ Died in Jackson, Tenn. 272 Perkins, J. W Birmingham, Ala. 273 Rush, R. A Mobile, Ala. 274 Smith, J. D Rock Vale, Tenn. 275 Smith, W. L New York. 276 Stephens, J. D Brantley, Ala. 277 Storne, B. F South Carolina. 278 Svvind, W. E Missouri. 279 Thomas, J. W Hodgensville, Ky. 280 *Towles, Thomas Kentucky. 281 Ward, J. S Tennessee. 282 Williams, G. J Texas. 283 Williams, Joseph P Jasper, Fla. Class of 1892. 284 Adams, C. R Meridian, Miss. 285 Alexander, V. U New York, N. Y. Directory of Dentistry Graduates. 281 286 Allred, C. S Elba, Ala. 287 Ashburn, J. M Gallatin, Tenn. 288 Barefield, T. K Meridian, Miss. 289 Bartell, F St. Louis, Mo. 290 Beach, J. R Clnrksville. Tenn. 291 Beavers, J. A Cuba, Ala. 292 Bland, L New Orleans, La. 293 Brown, A. E El Paso, Tex. 294 Brown, G. M Muskegon, Mich. 295 Brown, J. S Greenville, Miss. 296 Carratte, R. H Spokane, Wash. 297 *Cawthon, S. C. Died at De Funiak Springs, Fla. 298 Chapman, R. Z Pine Apple, Ala. 299 Cook, D. P Kentucky. 300 Cook, J. Jay Kalamazoo, Mich. 301 Corley, J. P Greensboro, Ala. 302 Dalton, J. S New Madrid, Mo. 303 Davidson, S. K Hickman, Ky. 304 Dennison, E. H Albany, Ga. 305 Dillard, W. J Kerrville, Tex. 306 Eshleman, C. D Charles City, Iowa. 307 Evans, C. C Chicago, 1ll. 308 Fayette, T. A Alabama. 309 *Gaither, F. B Kentucky. 310 Graham, C. D South Carolina. 31 1 Hale, W. I Knoxville, Tenn. 312 Hansbro, W. L Paducah, Ky. 313 Johnson, W. I Dothan, Ala. 314 Jones, A. C Booneville, Miss. 315 Jones, R. A., Jr Siddonsville, Ala. 316 Kendrick, E. L Alabama. 317 Kidd, B. E Birmingham, Ala. 318 McCrary, W. N Waverly, Tenn. 319 McKell, T. W Starkville, Miss. 320 Matthison, C. N Alabama. 321 Millen, J. M Knoxville, Tenn. 322 Mingledorff, O. G Savannah, Ga. 323 Minnich, Grant Springfield, Ohio. 324 Murphree, J. M Dothan, Ala. 325 Newcomer, A. J Beardstown, Ill. 326 Palm, J. H St. Louis, Mo. 327 *Pedigo, A. L Tennessee. 328 Penny, J. B Charleston, Mo. 329 *Powell, W. H. Died in Jackson, La. 330 Pugh, J. A Florida. 282 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 331 Reed, R. H Bessemer, Ala. 332 Sallee, MO Liberty, Ky. 333 Sanderson, R Winona, Miss. 334 Sevier, C. A Jackson, Tenn. 335 Sherman, N. W Memphis, Tenn. 336 Simons, F. W Texas. 337 Sims, C. C Dardanelle, Ark. 338 Slater, W. K Knoxville, Tenn. 339 *Spencer, H. E Mississippi. 340 Steele, M. D Marshall, Tex. 341 Taylor, W. S Deland, Fla. 342 *Thiele, F. O. H. Died in St. Louis, Mo. 343 *Thornton, R. E Georgia. 344 Walker, A Columbus, Ga. 345 Walker, H. W Macon, Ga. 346 Walton, C. M Ashland City, Tenn. 347 Ward. Frank P Center, Ala. 348 Ward, V. H Batesville, Miss. 349 Warrenf ells, V. B Atlanta, Ga. 350 Washington, C. J Memphis, Tenn. 351 Weatherby, N. T Canton, Miss. 352 Weathersby, W. L Crystal Springs, Miss. 353 Wiggins, Hunley San Angelo, Tex. 354 * Williams, V. A California. 355 Wise, J. D , Jackson, Tenn. Class of 1893. 356 Baker, William J Alabama. 357 Barnett, Neander M Greenfield, Tenn. 358 Beachum, James R Dallas, Tex. 359 Brown, Thomas S Alabama. 360 Downs, William G Evansville, Ind. 361 Hughes, George A Guthrie, Okla. 362 Johnson, John Albert Pobbsboro, Nova Scotia. 363 Minton, John C Bellingham, Wash. 364 Rentz, L. E Pine Bluff, Ark. 365 Smith, James D Springfield, Ill. Class of 1894. 366 Betts, Joseph S Greensboro, N. C 367 Bloomstein, Harry El Paso, Tex. 368 Cross, William W Fresno, Cal. 369 Crossley, Thomas E Opelika, Ala. 370 Donnell, Charles E Frederickstown, Mo. 371 *Earhart, William M. Died in Luxora, Ark. Directory of Dentistry Graduates. 283 372 Gordon, Sextus J Mobile, Ala. 373 Green, Turner E Greenville, Ala. 374 Hager, Andrew J Hartsville, Tenn. 375 Haines, John C Blandinsville, Ill. 376 Hopps, Emery O Temple, Okla. 377 Leslie, Lloyd L Wisconsin. 378 Milbourne, Reasoner E North Baltimore, Ohio. 379 Penny, Gilbert T Maiden, Mo. 380 Reagin, Thomas B Du Quoin, Ill. 381 Robertson, Albert S Louisiana. 382 Rush, William E Tuskegee, Ala. 383 Scott, Isaac F Summit, Miss. 384 Stryker, Harry M Galena, Ill. 385 Thames, E. F Pensacola, Fla. 386 Vann, Nicholas N Attalla, Ala. 387 Vaughn, Harry S Nashville, Tenn. 388 Walker, William W Chicago, Ill. 389 Wallace, Frank W Chattanooga, Tenn. 390 *Whitby, David E Alabama. Class of 1895. 391 Ball, Immer Ulloa New Orleans, La. 392 Barter, James Samuel McLeansboro, 1ll. 393 Beckwith, Walter D Waynesboro, Ga. 394 Bingham, Calvin S Sherman, Tex. 395 Cage, Alva D Atlanta, Ga. 396 *Campbell, Frank Gordon. Died in Lebanon, Tenn. 397 Carroll, Marion A Troy, Ala. 398 Davis, Charles P Americus, Ga. 399 Dudley, Byron Statham Grenada, Miss. 400 Eddy, Charles Moses Dillon, Mont. 401 Faucheux, Joseph Prudent Louisiana. 402 Gholson, John Archer Clarksville, Tenn. 403 Gilmer, Benjamin F Dennison, Tex. 404 Glass, John Glenn Houston, Tex. 405 Goree, Langston J Navasota, Tex. 406 Green, F. Richard, Jr Florida. 407 Hanner, William S ! Conway, Ark. 408 Hatcher, Samuel Hugh Ontario, Cal. 409 Hibarger, Joseph R Polo, Ill. 410 Jacobs, John M Lawrenceville, Ga. 411 Jeffries, L. Herbert Natchez, Miss. 412 Jones, Yancey, not in practice Birmingham, Ala. 413 King, William Joseph Bulls Gap, Tenn. 414 Lee, Peyton Alexander Coushatta, La. 284 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 415 McElroy, William Z Atlanta, Ga. 416 McKennon, George C Russellville, Ark. 417 Middleton, James J Louisiana. 418 Naftel, James Albert Naftel. Ala. 419 *Patureau, Pierre Oscar. Died in New Orleans, La. 420 Peach, Henry Edward, B.A Clayton, Ala. 421 Pirtle, John Russell Hartford, Ky. 422 Reeves, I vey Lewis Orangeburg, S. C. 423 Rowland, William Thomas Bentonville. Ark. 424 Sanders, William Josiah, M.D Murfreesboro, Tenn. 425 Selph, Miss Lily, retired Whitewright, Tex. 426 Spann, Walter Henry Minden, La. 427 Whitehead, T. Lang Chatham, Va. 428 Winfrey, Clint Crockett Nashville, Tenn. Class of 1896. 429 Albright, George Copeland Laurens, S. C. 430 Barnett, Arthur Memphis, Tenn. 431 Boozer, John H Wynnewood. Okla. 432 Carter, Moscow Branch Franklin. Tenn. 433 Comegy s, Edward Freeman Ozona, Tex. 434 Crawford, James William Appleton, Wis. 435 Day, Frank Pattison Corbin, Ky. 436 Dupuy, Alfred William Birmingham, Ala. 437 Felix, John Cecil Lawrenceburg, Ky. 438 Foulks, Charles Grigsby Selma, Ala. 439 Jordan, James Blount Nashville, Tenn. 440 McKenney, William Felix Beaver Dam, Ohio. 441 Meadors, Joseph Thompson, Dean Dental Department University of Tennessee Nashville, Tenn. 442 Nanny, Thomas Franklin Brownwood, Tex. 443 Parker, George W., Osteopathic Physician. 444 Parker, Robert Luther Belton, S. C. 445 Pickens, James Fogg Weaverville, N. C. 446 Reeves, John McNabb Eufaula, Ala. 447 Riggs, Lewis Frederic Canada. 448 Rose, Edgar Dunn Bowling Green, Ky. 449 *Rothrock, Robert Gordon. Died in Nashville, Tenn. 450 Slayden, George Anderson Dickson, Tenn. 451 Spain, Jesse Taylor Orlinda, Tenn. 452 Taylor, William Andrew South Carolina. 453 *Whitefield, John Calhoun South Carolina. 454 Wigginton, Albert Benjamin St. Louis, Mo. 455 Wilson, Byrne Alfonso Piedmont, Mo. Directory of Dentistry Graduates. 285 456 Woodward, Charles Bell Springfield, Tenn. 457 Wyllis, Lucian T Nevada, Mo. Class of 1897. 458 Babcock, Drury Abel Moline. III. 459 Barker, E. H Hopkinsville, Ky. 460 Beckham, P. W Farmville, Va. 461 Birdsong, Hugh Pereir Edwards, Miss. 462 Brand, Ambrose Alexander Chadwick, Ill. 463 Brand. Lester Wynn Benton, Ill. 464 Cade, Edwin Boykin, 15 Spidelburgh-du-Mirior, Mulhouse, Alsace, Germany. 465 Chatham, Myron L Cleveland, Ohio. 466 Cooke, Clarence C Waxahachie, Tex. 467 *Crenshaw, Vassar. Died in Athens, Ala. 468 Dazey, William Lee Hillsboro, Tex. 469 Dismukes, James Taylor May field, Ky. 470 Doolan, Hiram Shelton Kentucky. 471 Glover, Henry H Americus, Ga. 472 Golson, William H Fort Deposit, Ala. 473 Griffin, E. Frank Meridian, Miss. 474 Hays, John Tiry Nashville, Tenn. 475 Hewes, Robert Edward Louisiana. 476 Hogan, John Harris, Jr McLeansboro, Ill. 477 Howard, John Clove Evansville, Ill. 478 Hunt, Will James Memphis, Tenn. 479 Hunter, Edward Marshall Nashville, Tenn. 480 Irvin, Robert Edward Daniel Anniston, Ala. 481 Keeling, Gabriel Nash San Antonio, Tex. 482 McDaniel, William T Athens, Ala. 483 McKenney, Jesse D Cleveland, Ohio. 484 McMillin, A. T Little Rock, Ark. 485 Meguiar, Charles W Munfordville, Ky. 486 Merrill, John O., not in practice Franklin, Tenn. 487 Moore, Whitney H., not in practice Lexington, Ky. 488 Neblett, John Walter Riverside, Cal. 489 Perry, Richard Hiram Dawson Springs, Ky. 490 Phillips, Emory T Houston, Tex. 491 Richards, John A Plaquemine, La. 492 Snider, Eugene Jerome Toledo, Ohio. 493 Spence, James Homer Pass Christian, Miss. 494 Tandy, C. H Hopkinsville, Ky. 495 Tarrant, Felix Isham Birmingham, Ala. 496 Taylor, Charles Stowe Memphis, Tenn. 497 Walker, John C South Carolina. 286 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 498 Ware, Robert Ellis Shelby, N. C. 499 Woodard, Dempsey Taylor Bellton, IlL Class of 1898. 500 Allmon, Rinaldo Pensacola, Fla. 501 Banks, James Arthur Greenville, Mo. 502 Becker, Henry Edward Owensboro, Ky. 503 Boote, William Russell Waliuku, Hawaii. 504 Bradshaw, Edgar Boardman Cadiz, Ky. 505 Brooks, Woodford Augustus Beaumont, Tex. 506 Cawthon, Louis Frank De Funiak Springs, Flc. 507 Chisholm, William Ruf us Florence, Ala. 508 Cook, John Tyler Florence, Ala. 509 Davis, Albert Henry Whiteville, Tenn. 510 Duprec, Donaldson Irvin Brownsville, Tenn. 511 Elliott, Lee Woodford, Tenn. 512 Ferguson, William Brown Lee Waxahachie, Tex. 513 *Hager, Benjamin Taylor. Died in Nashville, Tenn. 514 Hale, Thomas Lester Watertown, Tenn. 515 Hartfield, Lee Monroe, not in practice Nashville, Tenn. 516 Hawsey, Henry Hobgood Crowley, La. 517 Heard, George Washington Albertville, Ala. 518 Hight, John Floyd Fayetteville, Ark. 519 Hill, John Landon Elkton, Ky. 520 Hoard, William Taylor McKinney, Tex. 521 Hockersmith, Arthur Elmore Elkton, Ky. 522 *Hord, Huber Haley Kentucky. 523 Irwin, Fred Malone Beeville, Tex. 524 Jelks, Walter Carleton, not in practice McComb City, Miss. 525 Kramm, William Peoria, Ill. 526 Lacey, Robert Lee Alabama. 527 Levy, Mark Myer, not in practice New York, N. Y. 528 Matthews, William Alexander Nashville, Tenn. 529 Moore, Eugene Overton Clarksdale, Miss. 530 Mosely, Burel Nelson Jefferson, Tex. 531 Mulkey, Royal Rex Texas. 532 Nahm. Clarence R Bowling Green, Ky. 533 Newell, John Beattie Kentucky. 534 Newman, Thomas Jefferson Little Rock, Ark. 535 Norwood, Samuel Richard Louisiana. 536 Parks, Addison Karrick Montevallo, Ala. 537 Pierson, Leo Glenwood Selma, Ala. 538 Powell, James Dubose Memphis, Tenn. 539 Read, Isaac Henry Fulton, Ky. 540 Rich, Miss Celia Nashville, Tenn. Directory of Dentistry Graduates. 287 541 Rose, Fred Mortimer Del Rio, Tex. 542 Sadler, Rufus Buford Paris, Ark. 543 Shaw, Frank Isaac Seattle, Wash. 544 Simms, John Benjamin Areata, Cal. 545 Stubbs, John Oscar Hickman, Ky. 546 Towner, Justin Dewey Memphis, Tenn. 547 Walker, Jackson Reade Gadsden, Ala. 548 *Walker, Parham Pleas. Died in Brandon, Miss. 549 Welsh, Robert Homer New Orleans, La. 550 West, Alfred Byron, not in practice Bunkie, La. 551 Westbrook, James Craig Birmingham, Ala. 552 Whitman, Andrew Hearne Opelika, Ala. 553 Williams, William Sherman Shawneetown, Ill. Class of 1899. 554 Bethancourt, Fred Lewis New Orleans, La. 555 Boger, Charles Frederick Natchez, Miss. 556 Bow, Howard Gaines Louisville, Ky. 557 Boyd, John Jett Covington, Tenn. 558 Duncan, Loy Brooks Salt Lake City, Utah. 559 Dunn, John Thomas Sulligent, Ala. 560 Eleazer, John Richard Greenville, Tex. 561 Elliott, James Henry Beaverton, Ala. 562 Ezelle, William Morriss Jackson, Ala. 563 Fariss, William Monroe Tullahoma, Tenn. 564 Frazer, Joseph Edwards Canton, Miss. 565 Gill, Horace Tipp Allensville, Ky. 566 Gillespie, William Cochran Nashville, Tenn. 567 Griffin, James Lewis Gainesville, Tex. 568 Haas, Alexander Murdoch Opelousas, La. 569 Hamil, Hugh Flowers Bainbridge, Ga. 570 Harkey, Oscar Lee Sharon, Tenn. 571 Harris, Robert Keith Whitewright, Tex. 572 Inge, Richard Greensboro, Ala. 573 Johnson, James Clarence Nashville, Tenn. 574 Johnston, Joseph Russell Henderson, Ky. 575 Kaiser, Edward Elmore Los Angeles, Cal. 576 McKennon, Charles Thompson Clarksville, Ark. 577 McNeely, Marion Milford, Tex. 578 Montgomery, Gaston Oklahoma City, Okla. 579 Moore, Joseph Andrew Memphis, Tenn. 580 Poindexter, John Durand Stuttgart, Ark. 581 Price, Lewis Bradley Corinth, Miss. 582 Ramage, Levi Joseph Decatur, Ala. 583 Reynolds, George Washington Batesville, Ark. 20 288 Vanderbilt University Quarterly . 584 Riviere, Eugene Lake City, Fla. 585 Sims, William Pruette Bisbee, Ariz. 586 Sledge, Alexander Greensboro, Ala. 587 Smith, Hadden Bass Livingston, Ala. 588 Tavel, Charles Albert Memphis, Tenn. 589 Theriot, Mark Louisiana. 590 Thompson, James Williams Humboldt, Tenn. 591 Tilford, Elonzo Davis Morganfield, Ky. 592 Wheat, Adolphus Achilles Mississippi. 593 Whitman. Frank Lewis Birmingham, Ala. Class of 1900. 594 Ashford, Henry, in business St. Louis, Mo. 595 Baird, Perry Cossort Dallas, Tex. 506 Barnes, George Pickens Palestine, Tex. 597 Boyd, Henry Thomas Sweetwater, Tenn. 598 Bruce, Luther Moorman Madisonville, Ky. 599 Buckner, Charles Lafayette Huntsville, Ala. 600 Byington, Chilton Edward Harrisburg, Ill. 601 Cox, Scott Davis Rockdale, Tex. 602 Crapo, John Andrew Nashville, Tenn. 603 Danley, Lawrence Shaffer San Antonio. Tex. 604 *Francis, Frank Rolland Illinois. 605 Galloway, Thomas Lenoir, President St. Louis Confetti Company. St. Louis, Mo. 606 Guess, Samuel Houston Greenwood, Miss. 607 Gunn, Charles Logan Gadsden, Ala. 608 Hopkins, Harry Panton Argcnta, Ark. 609 Isenmann, William John Shanghai, China. 610 Jackson, Garnett Logan Texas. 61 1 Kellogg, Hugh Knight Louisville, Ky. 612 Kirksey, Harold Ashby Eutaw, Ala. 613 Livingston, Albert Walter Brownsville, Tenn. 614 Lockhart, William Henderson Coldwater, Mich. 615 McFarland, John Lee Comfort, Tex. 616 McGaughey, Wycliffe Patterson Greenville, Tex. 617 Meacham, Forest Whitthorne Chattanooga, Tenn. 6t8 Morgan, Guy Paris, Tex. 619 New, James Marshall Lebanon, Tenn. 620 Nowlin, Clarence Daile Bigbyville, Tenn. 621 Peacock, Henry Benajah Opelika, Ala. 622 Prichett, Daniel Sellers Camden, Ala. 623 Ross, James Lusk McMinnville, Tenn. 624 Seifried, Theodore, Jr Nashville, Tenn. 625 Selby, Henry Greenville, Miss. 626 Simmons, Walter Ewing Fulton, Ky. Directory of Dentistry Graduates. 289 627 Stovall, Collins Decatur Rockwall, Tex. 628 Terry, Richard S Shreveport, La. 629 Thielen, Benjamin Franklin Paris, Tex. 630 Turner, Thomas Absalom Leland, Miss. 631 Waller, James Bonner Alabama. 632 *Weinberger, Miss Emma Prudentia. Died in St. Louis, Mo. 633 Whitsitt, William Gambill Lebanon, Tenn. 634 Wurzbach, George Constant Yorktown, Tex. Class of 1901. 635 Akers, Ernest Frank Orlando, Fla. 636 Barnett, John Will, Jr Lonoke, Ark. 637 Bond, Homer Stephen Ennis, Tex. 638 Boswell, Jesse Virgil Springfield, Mo. 639 Bowen, Bowen Nashville, Tenn. 640 Breast, Clement Arthur, not in practice Shelbyville, Tenn. 641 Brentlinger, Thomas Jefferson Jonesboro, Ill. 642 Brown, John Hamilton Mississippi. 643 *Buckner, William Frederick, late of Winchester, Tenn. 644 Cummins, Walter Gray Harriman, Tenn. 645 Delaney, Reuben Media Greenville, Tex. 646 *Donoho, Debow. Died in Lebanon, Tenn. 647 Foley, Albert Franklin Lumberton, Miss. 648 Folmar, Frank Pierce Troy, Ala. 649 Gentry, William Thomas Birmingham, Ala. 650 Guthrie, George Nichols, Jr Cookeville, Tenn. 651 Hall, James Oscar Waco, Tex. 652 Harper, Ben Williams Los Angeles, Cal. 653 Holder, Harry Alfonso Gallatin, Tenn. 654 Jackson, Walter Gee Abilene, Tex. 655 Johnson, Eugene Armstrong Byhalia, Miss. 656 Joyner, Paul Montgomery Union City, Tenn. 657 King, John Manly Birmingham, Ala. 658 King, Phillip Edward Corydon, Ky. 659 Leonard, Thomas Amos McMinnville, Tenn. 660 McKibben, William Frank Linneus, Mo. 661 Moody, Charles Walton Guthrie, Ky. 662 Newman, John Williams Little Rock, Ark. 663 Oman, David Stirton, stone business Rockfield, Ky. 664 Phillips, John Henry Meridian, Miss. 665 Ragland, Asher Graham Fort Smith, Ark. 666 *Ramos, Rafael. Died in Guadalajara, Mexico. 667 Rich, Stanley Loveman Nashville, Tenn. 290 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 668 Robey, William Marvin Charlotte, N. C. 669 Rowsey, John Emmett Henderson, Term. 670 Rutherford, John Herbert Missouri. 671 Rutland. Neale Mulligan Kentucky. 672 Scarbrough, Ambrose Lee Anniston, Ala. 673 Sinclair, Strange Levi Rosedale, Ind. 674 Stevens, Ernest Leigh Paris, Ky. 675 White, Walter Howard Winchester, Tenn. 676 Wolfe, Frank DeKalb Fresno, Cal. 677 Woodard, Robert Samuel Springfield, Tenn. Class of 1902. 678 Barnett, Doak Ginn Arcadia, Fla. 679 Cheatham, William Joseph Kentucky. 680 Clarke, George Nathan St. Joseph, La. 681 *Crenshaw, William Shelton. Died at Monticello, Ark. 682 Cullom, George Alvin Livingston, Tenn. 683 Happel, Edward Henry Big Spring, Tex. 684 Johnson, Harry Chanfrau Memphis, Tenn. 685 King, Benjamin Rush Leighton, Ala. 686 Macy, R. Hubert West Palm Beach, Fla. 687 *Newton, Charles Marye. Died in San Antonio, Tex. 688 O'Connell, John Leon Lake Providence, La. 689 Powers, George Luther Kentucky. 690 Price, Guy Hartwell Helena, Ark 691 Sturm, Ernest Walker Memphis, Tenn. 692 Sample, Eugene Hartsells, Ala. 693 Thomas, Jasper Bert Sulphur Springs, Tex. 604 To wnsend, Walter Thomas Cleveland, Miss. 695 Turrentine, Jesse Clover St. Louis, Mo. 696 Wilcox, William Luther Chandlerville, Ill. Class of 1903. 697 Abbott, Rush Pulliam Shuqualak, Mo. 698 Barnes, Charles Lafayette Cameron, Tex. 699 Brown, Thomas Nashville, Tenn. 700 Burnam, John Curtis Huntsville, Ala. 701 Fugler, Pearly Magruder McComb City, Miss. 702 *Green, Samuel T. Rufus. Died at Granbury, Tex. 703 Hull, Marvin Ross Hico, Tex. 704 Kranz, C. Walter Huntsville, Ala. 705 McKinstry, William S Nashville, Tenn. 706 Marron, Alonzo M Natchez, Miss. Directory of Dentistry Graduates. 291 707 Murray, Michael Joseph Nashville, Tenn. 708 Neil, Persius Ewell Nashville, Tenn. 709 Pearcy, Miss Lynne Roachdale, Ind. 710 Senter, Richard Lafayette Baldwyn, Miss. 711 Shewmake, Marion Edward Monticello, Ark. 712 Stokes, James Richmond Rock Hill, S. C. 713 Taylor, Viston Chattanooga, Tenn. 714 Walker, William Thomas Centerville, Ala. 715 Williams, John Weaver Fraser Lafayette, Ky. Class of 1904. 716 Ballenger, C. M Henderson, Tex. 717 Berwick, E. C Franklin, La. 718 Bloxom, W. L Wetumpka, Ala. 719 Bolding, W. P Iuka Springs, Miss. 720 Bond, W. T Mercer, Tenn. 721 Cawthon, Harley De Funiak Springs, Fla. 722 Criglcr, A. S Starkville, Miss. 723 Curry, R. W Gleason, Tenn. 724 Ducote, C. G. (medical student) Louisville, Ky. 725 Ellington, E. O Henderson, Tex. 726 Foust, R. E Benton, Ky. 727 Freeman, R. A Fulton, Ky. 728 Gholson, M. G Stigler, Okla. 729 Heymann, G. H Huntsville, Ala. 730 Hooker, W. J Evansville, Ind. 731 *Hope, R. P. Died in Cape Girardeau, Mo. 732 Hudson, T. M Nashville, Tenn. 733 Johnston, W. Porter Memphis, Tenn. 734 King, D. L Cumberland City, Tenn. 735 Long, E. M Union City, Tenn. 736 Miller, A. W West Point, Miss. 737 O'Bannon, Brian Boru Memphis, Tenn. 738 Pippin, W. L Commerce, Tex. 739 Roberts, A. W Smithville, Tenn. 740 Rogers, W. L Adamsville, Tenn. 74 1 Segrest, D. A Corpus Christi, Tex. 742 Shepherd, H. N Sparta, Tenn. 743 Simms, T. F Amador, Cal. 744 Sternbcrger, W. G Memphis, Tenn. 745 Townsend, L. N Macon, Miss. 746 Trowbridge, P. W Franklin, La. 747 Upchurch, C. E Obion, Tenn. 748 Varnado, M. B Osyka, Miss. 749 Wallace, C. B Celina. Tenn. 292 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 750 Warriner, R. B Corinth, Miss. 751 Wren, F. C Jonesboro, La. Class of 1905. 752 Adams, Spencer Marks New Decatur, Ala. 753 Bauer, John George Du Quoin, 1ll. 754 Beavers, Wilson Franklin Meridian, Miss. 755 Carnell, Milton Clyde Waverly, Tenn. 756 Campbell, William Dake Nashville, Tenn. 757 Feagin, Clifford B Georgians, Ala. 758 Florence, Virgil Victor Birmingham, Ala. 759 Forester, Alfred Malcom Union City, Tenn. 760 Fitz water, Grant Barnes Sullivan, 1ll. 761 Geisinger, Charles Blakely Mason. Tenn. 762 Howser, Hugh C., not in practice Lafayette, Tenn. 763 Lawson, Archibald Greensboro, Ala. 764 Love, Charles Thomas Gallatin. Tenn. 765 McCormick, Joseph Frank Perth, Miss. 766 McNeil, Evander Washington Brookwood, Ala. 767 McNeil, Murray Thornton Vienna, Austria. 768 Merrill, Walter Garnett Columbia, Tenn. 769 Middleton, William Robert Collirene, Ala. 770 Miller, James Lewis Florala, Ala. 771 Morrow, Thomas George, Jr Decatur, Ala. 772 Murphy, Robert Emmett Huntsville, Ala. 773 Northcross, Sewell Holt Franklin, Tenn. 774 O'Neal, Oliver John Chattanooga. Tenn. 775 Osborne, Frank Stone Columbia, Tenn. 776 Overstreet, Wayne Paducah, Ky. 777 Shelton, Baldwin Natchez, Miss. 778 Snow, Robert Carl Tiptonville, Tenn. 779 Turnipseed, Walter Felix Flora, Ala. 780 Walker, William Kirkland Orangeburg, S. C. 781 Wilson, Jesse Lee Jonesboro, Ark. 782 Young, Charles Henry Clinton, S. C. Class of 1906. 783 Austin, John Luther Nashville. Tenn. 784 Blackwood, Cospy Lell Friendship, La. 785 Brock, Orrell Orlando Brock, Miss. 786 Browder, Robert Marvin Monterey, Tenn. 787 Burks, Egbert Eustace French Camp, Miss. 788 Cloud, Edmond Young Junction City, Ark. 789 Davidson, George Washington Collinsville, Miss. 790 Downey, Jesse Stephen Java, Miss. 791 Elbrick, Otto Anthony Nashville, Tenn. Directory of Dentistry Graduates. 293 792 Foulks, James Claude Brandon, Miss. 793 Francis, James Carlton Jacksonville, Tex. 794 Hawkins, Ben Morris Springfield, Tenn. 795 Hawkins, John Benjamin Clinton, Miss. 796 Helm, Lee Walker Clifton, Tex. 797 Holmes, John G Atwood, Tenn. 798 Hutchinson, Walter George Nashville, Tenn. 799 Johnson, Ben Howard Portland, Tenn. 800 Leyden, Frank Cleveland Anniston, Ala. 801 Lofton, William Burton Carrollton, Ala. 802 Maclin, Robert Spencer Ripley, Tenn. 803 Matthews, James William Nashville, Tenn. 804 Melvin, R. Alexander Camden, Miss. 805 Moores, Madison Wilson Union City, Tenn. 806 Morgan, Otto Neville Tehuacana, Tex. 807 Nivin, Robert Burns Pierce, Miss. 808 Norconk, Charles Leonard Bear Lake, Mich. 809 Ory, Oscar Joseph Lions, La. 810 Parker, Moses Lee Beckville, Tex. 811 Prichard, Joseph Gibson, law student University of Alabama. Tuscaloosa, Ala. 812 Rogers, Andrew Wier Shannon, Miss. 813 Rushing, Henry Clinton Foreman, Ark. 814 Sibley, D. Jacobi Houston, Tex. 815 Vaughn, James Sharp Athens, Tenn. 816 Workman, Saul Greeley Nashville, Tenn. 817 Wright, Arter Bridge Dickson, Tenn. Class of 1907. 818 Bright, Raymond M Walker, Minn. 819 Butler, Sanders L Los Angeles, Cal. 820 Cade, Thomas Mulhouse, Alsace, Germany. 821 Cook, Alfonso F San Antonio, Tex. 822 Craig, William H Jameston, Ark. 823 Crutcher, John W Chapel Hill, Tenn. 824 Delafield, William P Mt. Pleasant, Tex. 825 Dillard, Charles G Huntsville, Ala. 826 Donaldson, Meriwether R Ridgeley, Tenn. 827 Dunlap, Thomas E Lawley, Ala. 828 Ellis, William H., Jr Nashville,' Tenn. 829 Frizell, Virgil D Chattanooga, Tenn. 830 Fugler, Clarence S Woodville, Miss. 831 Fuller, Hawthorn M Centerville, Ala. 832 Gardner, David S Memphis, Tenn. 833 Glenn, John P Spartanburg, S. C. B.S. (Clemson). S 294 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. 834 Gregory, Albert M Smyrna, Term. 835 Harkins, Charles S Aliceville, Ala. 836 Harris, Newton Nashville, Tenn. %37 Jones, Joseph W Russellville, Ala. 838 Lamb, William J., M.D Nashville, Tenn. 839 Leslie, George W Adamsville, Ala. 840 Leyden, George H Anniston, Ala. 841 Merritt, Wesley T Jackson, Miss. 842 Perkins, John A Nashville, Tenn. 843 Pigott, James W Tylertown, Miss. 844 Price, William B Florence, Ala. 845 Pruitt, Enoch L. M Fort Deposit. Ala. S46 Pryor, Fred H Whitwell, Tenn. 847 Ray. Herschel B Tompkinsville, Ky. M.D. ('91 Vanderbilt University). 848 Ridley, John M El Paso, Tex. 849 Rockwell, Charles S Savannah, Ga. 850 Rush, Herman S Tompkinsville, Ky. 851 Sheetz, William A., Jr Nashville, Tenn. 852 Sholars, Sam R Orange, Tex. 853 Stephens, James W Sheridan, Ark. 854 Stewart, Royal H Saucier, Miss. 855 Stone, William F Cleveland, Tenn. 856 Templeton, Houston K Covington, Tenn. 857 Waits, Simeon S Keithville, La. 858 Watson. James Cameron, Tex. 859 Whitehurst, Frederick W., B.A Union City, Tenn. 860 Williams, Arnette P Furman, Ala. Un1vers1ty News INCREASED REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. The conditions of admission into the Academic and Engineer ing Departments have been revised in a manner to stiffen the requirements slightly, and will go into effect immediately. The first change is simply one of form. The faculty has voted to state the requirements for admission in the catalogue hereafter in terms of the "Carnegie units." Taking their name from the fact that they were presented by the Trustees of the Carnegie Fund for the Advancement of Learning in their first annual report, one year ago. they prove to be so closely in har mony with the practice of the best institutions, and so easily adapted to conditions, that their general acceptance seems as cer tainly assured as it is desirable. The units are defined in terms of time, scope, and thoroughness. A "unit" is understood to be the work that may be done by a high school class reciting five times per week throughout the school year. On the investigation of a large number of high schools, both public and private, in the South it appears that the school year is from thirty-six to forty weeks, and that the periods are pretty generally forty to forty-five minutes long. In scope the work is described in terms familiar to the readers of the catalogue of Vanderbilt University, and is in general that which the preparatory schools of the better class are prepared to offer. It is printed at length as an appendix to this article. The standard of thoroughness is that shown by the College Entrance Examination Board of New York, which sends out carefully prepared examination questions, on application, to can didates and reads and grades the answers through its committee of readers. The examinations of this board will be held at Van derbilt University June 15-20, 1908, and at many other places in the South. Applications should be addressed to the Secretary, Post Office Substation 84. New York, N. Y. Tbe fee is five dol lars for each candidate. It is the purpose of Vanderbilt Univer 296 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. sity in setting and grading entrance examination papers, and in receiving students on certificate from approved schools, to en force the same standards. Students from the schools which regu larly send men to Vanderbilt University frequently stand the College Entrance Examination Board papers and with reason able success ; and students who have taken these examinations offer their credits for entrance into the freshman class. For entrance into the B.A. course the requirements will be exactly as they have hitherto been stated in the catalogue. They correspond in scope with the statements of the Carnegie Trustees except in mathematics, where a few additional chapters will be required in algebra, as indicated below. It may be expected that the grading of the papers will be rather more severe than hereto fore. In terms of units four will be required in Latin, three in Greek, one and one-half each in algebra and geometry, three in English, and one in history or science (preferably United States history, and it ought to be at least the second year's work of the candidate in history). For entrance into the B.S. or B.E. course a student may (1) offer the same; or (2) instead of Greek substitute two units in one modern language and one other unit (preferably in science) ; or (3), instead of four units in Latin and three in Greek, substi tute two units in each of two foreign languages (for example. Latin, two units; German, two units; or French or Spanish, two units), and any other three units, in history and science preferably. Here there is an increase amounting to one or two units. For irregular entrance, as it is called, ten units will be required. As the ten units formerly required equal only eight of the Car negie units, there is here an important increase of two units. No student will be admitted to the Academic and Engineering Departments who does not take examination or bring an accept able certificate from an approved school on at least ten units. Of these he must make a passing grade of sixty on at least six, and may be "conditioned" on as many as four if his deficiency is not too serious. Of all the subjects accepted for entrance, only the work in modern languages is repeated in college. It appears from expe rience that a student who has had one year of a modern language in college is as well able to proceed with the second year's work < University News. 297 as a student who has had two years, or units, in the preparatory school. In case, therefore, a student should enter college with ten units, not including modern languages, he might take the beginner's course — two foreign languages (French, Spanish, or German), and thus at the end of the year make up his deficiencies in entrance and become a regular student and candidate for a degree. It is possible for a student who enters with only ten units to become regular and graduate in four years, and the faculty uses every influence to induce him to do so. The courses in modern language referred to above recite three times per week through the year, and are counted as three hours each in an aggregate of sixty-four hours required for graduation. A student, therefore, who needed to count them both toward his entrance requirements would have to take two other subjects of equal value in the course of his four years ; or, otherwise expressed, would have to com plete an aggregate of seventy hours in four years in order to get credit for sixty-four hours net. The entrance requirements in the Pharmacy Department, which has a two-year professional course, are considerably less, and have not been materially raised of late, although the preparation of those who apply for admission is perceptibly increasing. Two years ago, with some misgivings, the Biblical Department removed the absolute requirement of at least two years of college work as a preparation for entrance. The faculty may now, in its option, admit students without previous collegiate courses, though it still makes the holding of a literary degree a condition preced ent to the securing of the degree in theology. The concession has not worked harm to the Department, and has, perhaps, opened an opportunity for theological training to some few who would otherwise have missed a coveted opportunity. The progress of the Department apparently is coming more directly from the influ ence of the Correspondence School, from the division of the ses sion into three terms conveniently adapted to the closing of the Conference years, and to a growing tendency, observable in other theological schools and apparently affecting this one in the same way. for theological students to come out of the colleges rather than from the actual field. The educational requirements for admission into the Dental 298 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Department are controlled by the National Association of Col leges of Dentistry, of which it is a member. The tendency is distinctly upward; but the final test is the possession of a State teacher's certificate. Even with this requirement in force quite a number of candidates have to be rejected every year. In the Law and Medical Departments a diploma of graduation from a good high school is the minimum requirement. It has not been heretofore the practice of southern professional schools to enforce educational requirements for entrance by examination; and the general introduction of such a system, even at this time, is looked upon as too radical a step. But the professional schools at Vanderbilt are taking advantage of the steady improvement of the high schools to eliminate those who have not had sufficient enterprise and appreciation of culture to take advantage of them. The effect of the increasing admission requirements is perceptible in the quality of the men, in culture, in scholarship, and in that genuine devotion to the profession which increases the average of success and decreases the percentage of those who drop out. It is also to be remarked that the effect is also notable (post hoc ergo propter hoc?) in the increased enrollment. Any student who can enter the literary department of the University by certificate or examination may count on entrance into these professional de partments; and the certificates of some schools have been recog nized that the examining committee of the Academic and Engi neering Departments were unwilling to recognize. At the same time the sprinkling of men who have literary degrees is increasing, and the plans, already carried into practice with the Biblical and Medical Departments, by which Academic seniors, under condi tions not difficult to meet, may spend their last year in these pro fessional departments and get credit for their work, are showing good results. The action of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association in debarring from football for the first year all students entering with less than fourteen "Carnegie units" is putting an interesting and unexpected premium on the completion of a full and regular preparatory course before entering college. It is placing before the football man the alternative of remaining in school where he can play on his school team or entering college, wherever he can get in with less than fourteen units, and playing on the second University News. 299 team for a year with its limited schedule confined practically to contests with school teams. But, considering the small percentage of freshmen who can be considered as having a chance to make the college team in the fall of their entering year, too much direct effect must not be expected. Before this action was contemplated, and for the immediate purpose of testing the effect of raising the admission require ments at Vanderbilt. as above described, the qualifications of the new students entering in September. 1907, were tested by the fourteen "Carnegie unit" standard. With the standards then in force it appears that about one hundred and fifteen were admitted with the full number of points (including those on which they were conditioned), and that about twenty offered less than the full number of points, including those on which they were conditioned. Of these, nine or ten must be reckoned as falling below ten units of the Carnegie system, and ten more as barely meeting the pro posed minimum requirement of ten units. Seventeen had eleven Carnegie units to offer; fourteen had twelve units; twenty-two had thirteen units; and forty-two had the full quota. With the knowledge that more is required, it is safe to calculate that more will be offered, and the speculative loss of numbers by cutting off the poorly prepared is a small sacrifice to make for the anticipated improvement in preparation. No change is contemplated in the character of the college classes for the first-year men ; except that with the poorly prepared men eliminated the work should be more enjoyable and successful for those who remain, both students and instructors. AprEND1x — Requ1rements for Adm1ss1on.* English : a. Reading and Practice, one and one-half units. Preparation for this part of the work should include ability of writing a paragraph or two on each of several topics, to be chosen by the candidate from a considerable number — perhaps ten or fifteen — set before him in the examination paper. The treatment of these topics is de- *Thc Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of teaching. First Annual Report of the President and Treasurer. Pp. 39-46.) S~ 3 signed to show the candidate's power of clear and accu rate expression, and will call for only a general knowl edge of the substance of the books. In every case knowl edge of the book will be regarded as less important than the ability to write good English. It is important that the candidate shall have been instructed in the funda mental elements of rhetoric. The books set for this part of the examination in 1908 will be: Shakespeare's "Macbeth" and "Merchant of Venice ;" the "Sir Roger de Coverley Papers" in the Spectator; Irving's "Life of Goldsmith ;" Coleridge's "Ancient Mariner ;" Scott's "Ivanhoe" and "Lady of the Lake ;" Tennyson's "Gareth and Lynette," "Lancelot and Elaine," and "Passing of Arthur;" Lowell's "Vision of Sir Launfal;" George Eliot's "Silas Marner." In 1909, 1910, 191 1 : Group 1 (two to be selected). Shakespeare's "As You Like It." "Henry Fifth." "Jul ius Caesar," "The Merchant of Venice," "Twelfth Night." Group 2 (one to be selected). Bacon's "Essays ;" Bunyan's "The Pilgrim's Prog ress," Part 1 ; "The Sir Roger de Coverley Papers" in the Spectator; Franklin's "Autobiography." Group 3 (one to be selected). Chaucer's "Prologue;" Spenser's "Faerie Queene" (se lections) ; Pope's "The Rape of the Lock;" Goldsmith's "The Deserted Village ;" Palgrave's "Golden Treasury" (First Series),. Books II. and III., with special attention to Dryden, Collins, Gray, Cowper, and Burns. Group 4 (two to be selected). Goldsmith's "The Vicar of Wakefield ;" Scott's "Ivan hoe;" Scott's "Quentin Durward;" Hawthorne's "The House of Seven Gables ;" Thackeray's "Henry Es mond;" Mrs. Gaskell's "Cranford;" Dickens's "A Tale of Two Cities;" George Eliot's "Silas Marner;" Black- more's "Lorna Doone." Group 5 (two to be selected). Irving's "Sketch Book;" Lamb's "Essays of Elia;" University JVews. 301 De Quincey's "Joan of Arc" and "The English Mail Coach ;" Carlyle's "Heroes and Hero Worship ;" Emer son's "Essays" (selected) ; Ruskin's "Sesame and Lilies." Group 6 (two to be selected). Coleridge's "The Ancient Mariner ;" Scott's "The Lady of the Lake ;" Byron's "Mazeppa" and "The Pris oner of Chillon ;" Palgrave's "Golden Treasury" (first series), Book IV., with especial attention to Wordsworth, Keats, and Shelley ; Macaulay's "Lays of Ancient Rome;" Poe's "Poems;" Lowell's "The Vision of Sir Launfal ;" Arnold's "Sohrab and Rustum ;" Longfellow's "The Courtship of Miles Standish ;" Tennyson's "Gareth and Lynette," "Lancelot and Elaine," and "The Passing of Arthur;" Browning's "Cavalier Tunes," "The Lost Leader," "How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix," "Evelyn Hope," "Home Thoughts from Abroad," "Home Thoughts from the Sea," "Incident of the French Camp," "The Boy and the Angel," "One Word More," "Herve Riel," "Pheidippides." b. Study and Practice — one and one-half units. Preparation for this part of the work includes thor ough study of each of the works named below ; a knowl edge of the subject-matter, form, and structure. In addi tion, the candidate may be required to answer questions involving the essentials of English grammar, and ques tions on the leading facts in those periods of English literary history to which the prescribed works belong. The books set for this examination in 1908 will be : Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar ;" Milton's "Lycidas," "Comus," "L'Allegro," and "II Penseroso;" Burke's "Speech on Conciliation with America;" Macaulay's "Life of Johnson" and "Essay on Milton." In 1909, 1910, 191 1 : Shakespeare's "Macbeth;" Milton's "Lycidas." "Co mus," "L'Allegro," and "II Penseroso;" Burke's "Speech on Conciliation with America," or Washington's "Fare well Address" and Webster's "First Bunker Hill Ora tion ;" Macaulay's "Life of Johnson," or Carlyle's "Es- sav on Burns." 302 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Mathematics, a. Algebra. (1) To quadratics — one unit. The four fundamental operations for rational alge braic expressions ; factoring, determination of highest common factor and lowest common multiple by factor ing; fractions, including complex fractions, ratio, and proportion ; linear equations, both numerical and literal, containing one or more unknown quantities ; problems de pending on linear equations; radicals, including the ex traction of the square root of polynomials and of num bers ; exponents, including the fractional and negative. (2) Quadratic equations, binomial theorem, and pro gressions — one-half unit.* Simple cases of equations with one or more unknown quantities that can be solved by the methods of linear or quadratic equations. Problems depending upon quadratic equations. The binomial theorem for positive integral exponents. The formulas for the nth term and the sum of the terms of arithmetic and geometric progressions, with ap plications. b. Plane Geometry — one unit. The usual theorems and constructions of good text books, including the general properties of plane recti linear figures ; the circle and the measurement of angles ; similar polygons ; areas ; regular polygons, and the meas urement of the circle. The solution of numerous original exercises, includ ing loci problems. Application to the mensuration of line and plane sur faces. c. Solid Geometry — one-half unit. The usual theorems and constructions of good text books, including the relations of planes and lines in *The Vanderbilt requirements specify: Quadratic equations, properties of quadratics, ratio and proportion, progressions, in determinate coefficients, binomial theorem, permutations, and combinations, common logarithms, elementary determinants. University News. 303 space; the properties and measurement of prisms, cylin ders, and cones ; the sphere and the spherical triangle. The solution of numerous original exercises, including loci problems. Applications to the mensuration of surface and solids. d. Trigonometry — one-half unit. Definitions and relations of the six trigonometric func tions as ratios ; circular measurement of angles. Proofs of principal formulas, in particular for the sine, cosine, and tangent of the sum and the difference of two angles, of the double angle and the half angle, the prod uct expressions for the sum or the difference of two sines or of two cosines, etc. ; the transformation of trigo nometric expressions by means of these formulas. Solution of trigonometric equations of a simple char acter. Theory and use of logarithms (without the introduc tion of work involving infinite series). The solution of right and oblique triangles, and prac tical applications, including the solution of right spherical triangles. Languages, a. Latin. (1) Grammar and Composition — one unit. The inflections ; the simpler rules for composition and derivation of words; syntax of cases and the verbs; structure of sentences in general, with particular regard to relative and conditional sentences, indirect discourse, and the subjunctive. Translation into easy Latin of de tached sentences, and very easy continuous prose based upon Caesar and Cicero. (2) Caesar — one unit. Any four books on the Gallic War. (3) Cicero — one unit. Any six orations from the following list, or equiva lents: The four orations against Catiline, Archias, the Manilian Law, Marcellus, Roscius, Milo, Sestius, Liga- rius, the Fourteenth Philippic. (4) Virgil — one unit. The first six books of the "^Eneid," and so much pros- 21 304 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. ody as relates to accent, versification in general, and dactylic hexameter. (5) Cornelius Nepos — one unit. The first fifteen lives. Equivalents in Sallust, Ovid, and other Latin authors may be offered in place of the reading indicated above. In connection with all of the reading there should be constant practice in sight translation and in prose com position. b. Greek. ( 1 ) Grammar and Composition — one unit. The common forms, idioms, and constructions, and the general grammatical principles of Attic Greek prose. Translation into Greek of detached sentences, and very easy continuous prose based upon the "Anabasis." (2) Xenophon — one unit. The first four books of the "Anabasis." (3) Homer — one unit. The first three books of the "Iliad" (omitting II., 494 to the end) and the Homeric constructions, forms, and prosody. In connection with the reading in Greek there should be constant practice in sight translation and in prose composition. c. German. ( 1 ) Elementary — two units. During the first year the work should comprise: (1) Careful drill upon pronunciation; (2) the memorizing and frequent repetition of easy colloquial sentences; (3) drill upon the rudiments of grammar — that is, upon the inflection of the articles, of such nouns as belong to the language of everyday life, of adjectives, pronouns, weak verbs, and the more usual strong verbs; also upon the use of the more common prepositions, the simpler uses of the modal auxiliaries, and the elementary rules of syntax and word order ; (4) abundant easy exercises de signed not only to fix in mind the forms and principles of grammar but also to cultivate readiness in the reproduc tion of natural forms of expression; (5) the reading of 75 to 100 pages of graduated texts from a reader, with University News. 305 constant practice in translating into German easy varia tions upon sentences selected from the reading lesson (the teacher giving the English), and in the reproduc tion from memory of sentences previously read. During the second year the work should comprise : ( 1 ) The reading of from 150 to 200 pages of literature in the form of easy stories and plays; (2) accompanying prac tice, as before, in the translation into German of easy variations upon the matter read and also in the offhand reproduction, sometimes orally and sometimes in writing, of the substance of short and easy selected passages ; (3) continued drill upon the rudiments of the grammar di rected to the ends of enabling the pupil, first, to use his or her knowledge with facility in the formation of sen tences ; and, secondly, to state his or her knowledge cor rectly in the technical language of grammar. (2) Intermediate — one unit. The work should comprise, in addition to the elemen tary course, the reading of about 400 pages of moder ately difficult prose and poetry, with constant practice in giving, sometimes orally and sometimes in writing, para phrases, abstracts, or reproductions from memory of se lected portions of the matter read ; also grammatical drill upon the less usual strong verbs, the use of articles, cases, auxiliaries of all kinds, tenses, and modes (with special reference to the infinitive and subjunctive), and likewise upon word order and word formation. d. French. (1) Elementary — two units. During the first year the work should comprise : ( 1 ) Careful drill in pronunciation; (2) the rudiments of grammar, including the inflection of the regular and the more common irregular verbs, the plural nouns, the in flection of adjectives, participles, and pronouns; the use of personal pronouns, common adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions ; the order of words in the sentence, and the elementary rules of syntax ; (3) abundant easy exercises, designed not only to fix in the memory the forms and principles of grammar, but also to cultivate readiness in 306 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. the reproduction of natural forms of expression ; (4) the reading of from 100 to 175 duodecimo pages of grad uated texts, with constant practice of translating into French easy variations of the sentences read (the teach er giving the English), and in reproducing from memory sentences previously read; (5) writing French from dic tation. During the second year the work should comprise : ( 1 ) The reading of from 250 to 400 pages of easy modern prose in the form of stories, plays, or historical or bio graphical sketches; (2) constant practice, as in the pre vious year, in translating into French easy variations upon the texts read; (3) frequent abstracts, sometimes oral, sometimes written, of portions of the text already read; (4) writing French from dictation; (5) continued drill upon the rudiments of grammar, with constant ap plication in the construction of sentences; (6) mastery of the forms and use of pronouns, pronominal adjectives, of all but the rare irregular verb forms* and of the sim pler uses of the conditional and subjunctive. (2) Intermediate — one unit. This should comprise the reading of from 400 to 600 pages of French of ordinary difficulty, a portion to be in the dramatic form; constant practice in giving French paraphrases, abstracts, or reproductions from memory of selected portions of the matter read; the study of a grammar of moderate completeness; writing from dic tation. e. Spanish. Elementary — two units. During the first year the work should comprise: (1) Careful drill in pronunciation; (2) the rudiments of grammar, including the conjugation of the regular and the more common irregular verbs, the inflection of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns, and the elementary rules of syntax; (3) exercises containing illustrations of the principles of grammar ; (4) the reading and accurate rendering into good English of from 100 to 175 duodeci mo pages of graduated texts, with translation into Span University News. 307 ish of easy variations from sentences read; (5) writing Spanish from dictation. During the second year the work should comprise : ( 1 ) The reading of from 250 to 400 pages of modern prose from different authors; (2) practice in translating Span ish into English and English variations of the text into Spanish; (3) continued study of the elements of gram mar and syntax ; (4) mastery of all but the rare irregular verb forms and of the simpler uses of the modes and tenses; (5) writing Spanish from dictation; (6) mem orizing of easy short poems. History — one to three units. Preparation in history will be given credit upon the basis of time devoted to the study of each branch of the subject rather than upon the amount of ground covered. The training in history should require comparison and the use of judgment on the pupil's part rather than the mere use of memory. The use of good text-books, col lateral reading, practice in writing, and accurate geo graphical knowledge are essential. (Ancient, English, and United States history may be offered. It is highly desirable that more than one sub ject in history should have been studied, even though only one is offered for entrance.) Science, a. Botany — one unit. The preparation in botany should include a careful study of the following divisions of the subject: Anato my and morphology, physiology, ecology, the natural history of the plant groups, and classifications. Individ ual laboratory work by the student is essential and should receive at least double the amount of time given to reci tation. Stress should be laid upon diagrammatically ac curate drawing and precise expressive description. b. Chemistry — one unit. The preparation in chemistry should include individ ual laboratory work, comprising at least forty exercises selected from a list of sixty or more; instruction by lec ture table demonstrations, to be used mainly as a basis for questioning upon the general principles involved in the 308 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. pupil's laboratory investigations; the study of at least one standard text-book, to the end that the pupil may gain a comprehensive and connected view of the most important facts and laws of elementary chemistry. c. Physics — one unit. The preparation in physics should be conducted upon the general plan suggested for the work in chemistry. d. Physiography — one unit The preparation in physiography should include the study of at least one of the modern text-books, together with an approved laboratory and field course of at least forty exercises actually performed by the student. c. Physiology — one-half unit. The preparation in physiology should include a study of the nature of foods and their history in the body ; the essential facts of digestion, absorption, circulation, secre tion, excretion, and respiration ; the motor, nervous, and sensory functions; and the structure of the various or gans by which these operations are performed. A note book with careful outline drawings of the chief struc tures studied anatomically, together with explanations of these drawings, and the study of a good text-book are essential. f. Zoology — one unit. A full year's course in zoology should include the study of the following topics: 1. The general natural history (including general ex ternal structure in relation to adaptations, life histories, geographical range, relations to other plants and ani mals, and economic relations) of common vertebrates and invertebrates so far as representatives of these groups are obtainable in the locality where the course is given. 2. The classification of animals into phyla and leading classes (except the modern subdivisions of the worms), and the great characteristics of these groups. In the case of insects and invertebrates the characteristics of the prominent orders. The teaching of classification should be by practical work so as to train pupils to recognize animals and to point out the chief taxonomic character University News. 309 istics. The meaning of species, genera, and larger groups should be developed by constructive practical work with representatives of insect or vertebrate orders. 3. The general plan of external and internal structure, not the anatomical minutiaj, of one vertebrate (preferably frog or fish) in general comparison with the human body; an arthropod (preferably a decapod) ; an annelid (earthworm or Nereis) ; a coelenterate (hydroid, hydra, or sea anemone) ; a protozoon (a ciliate, and amoeba when possible) . In place of any of above types not local ly available there may be substituted a second vertebrate, an insect, a mollusk, or an echinoderm. 4. (a) The general physiology of above types. (6) Comparison of the general life processes in animals and plants. 5. The very general features of asexual reproduction of a protozoon (preferably Paramaecium) ; alteration of generations in hydroids ; reproduction and regeneration of Hydra; the very general external features of embry- ological development in a fish or frog. 6. The prominent evidences of relationship, suggest ing evolution, within such groups as the decapods, the insects, and the vertebrates, should be demonstrated. A few facts indicating the struggle for existence, adapta tion to environment, variations of individuals, and man's selective influence should be pointed out; but the factors of evolution and the discussion of its theories should not be attempted. A notebook, with carefully labeled outline drawings of the chief structures studied anatomically (Section 3), and the drawings mentioned under natural history (Sec tion 1), and with notes on demonstrations and in expla nation of drawings, is essential. 310 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. MAY ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS. Entrance examinations for admission into Vanderbilt Uni versity will be held beginning on Tuesday, May 19. and running through the week, concluding on Saturday, May 23. They will be held at the University in Nashville and in other places upon request wherever suitable arrangements can be made. It is pre ferred that candidates should take them in the school which they are now attending and under the supervision of the superintend ent, principal, or other teacher, through whom application should be made. The papers to be set will be those prepared by the Uniform Entrance Examination Committee of the Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Southern States. The order of subjects and dates will be as follows : Tuesday, May 19. 8-1 1 a.m. — History: Greek and Roman. 8-10 a.m. — Zoology. 10 a.m.-1 p.m. — Botany. 11 a.m.-1 p.m. — History: English. 2-4 p.m. — History: American. 4-6 p.m. — Physics. Wednesday, May 20. 8 a.m.-1 p.m. — Greek: (1) Grammar; Composition; Anab asis, I.-IV. (2) Homer. 2-6 p.m. — German. Thursday, May 21. 8 a.m.-1 p.m. — Algebra: (1) To Quadratics. (2) Quad ratics and beyond. 2-6 p.m. — Geometry: (1) Plane, Books I. -III. (2) Plane, Books IV.-V. (3) Solid. University News . 311 Fr1day, May 22. 8 A.m.-12 m. — Latin: (1) Grammar; Composition; Caesar, Books I.-IV. ; Cicero, four orations. 1-4 p.m. — Latin: (2) Cicero, two orations; Virgil, I. -VI. 1-4 p.m. — Chemistry. 4-6 p.m. — Physical Geography. Saturday, May 23. 8 a.m.-1 p.m. — English. 2-4 p.m. — French. 4-6 p.m. — Physiology. Another opportunity to stand the entrance examinations will be given at the opening of the term in September at the Uni versity. At that time applicants for admission can stand on those omitted in May as well as on those which were not passed sat isfactorily at that time. INTERSCHOLASTIC CONTESTS ON FIELD AND FORUM. The University has again issued invitations to the Annual Teachers' Conference and Interscholastic Declamation Contest for the Vanderbilt Medal on Friday, May 8 : and the University Athletic Association is preparing for the Interscholastic Track and Field Meet, to which it invites the same schools on the day following, Saturday, May 9. The programme for the Teachers' Conference consists in a dis cussion of the teaching of English, which will not down. The two sides of the controversy are well represented in the editorials and communications to the editor which have been appearing from time to time this winter in the columns of the New York Nation. Quite a number of years ago there came a revolt against the grammatical and syntactical drill of formal grammar as the idea of preparatory school English. Then the effort was made to have the pupils become acquainted with some of the best ex 312 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. amples of English literature and to begin the study of literary criticism ; and the college and school associations of the United States agreed upon certain uniform selections for class work. The results are unsatisfactory. The school men complain that they cannot succeed, under the limitations of time and amount of work required and immaturity of the pupils, in getting the desired results, and the college men complain that entering stu dents are defective in spelling, punctuation, the first principles of composition, familiarity with common literary allusions, and literary appreciation. The Conference on Uniform Entrance Requirements in English, at its last meeting, instead of reporting upon a list of assigned readings in English literature, has re opened the whole question, appointing a committee consisting of Professor W. D. Cross, Yale University, Professor E. T. Baker, Teachers' College, New York, Wilson Farrand, Newark Acad emy, Newark, N. J., Superintendent H. E. Giles, Hinsdale, 1ll., and Professor J. B. Henneman, University of the South, Sewa- nee, Tenn., to consult those interested and report a year later. With the Declamation Contest the same procedure as last year will be adopted. There will be at 10 o'clock in the morning a preliminary contest before a large committee to select ten of the contestants who shall appear in the chapel at night. The selec tions for declamation must be such as can be delivered in not exceeding eight minutes. Every contestant should hand in his name and the title and author of the selection to Professor A. M. Harris not later than Saturday, May 2. The contest last year was an interesting one. In the preliminary trial some of the smaller schools won a place over larger and better known schools ; and the ten who declaimed at night were all of such merit as to make the honor of winning the medal and the second place dis tinctions indeed. Of all forms of sport, the varied tests of the track and field are reckoned most valuable, inasmuch as they interest the largest number of men and are least expensive and interfere least with school work. The interesting Field Day arranged for annually by the University Athletic Association is looked forward to by many University News. 313 schools. The events will be : One hundred yards dash ; two hun dred and twenty yards dash ; four hundred and forty yards dash ; half-mile run ; mile run ; one hundred and twenty yards hurdle ; relay race, one mile; running high jump; running broad jump; pole vault; shot put (twelve pounds); hammer throw (twelve pounds) ; dfscus throw. A PLEDGE AGAINST HAZING. The hazing question, which in these later years has become a source of great anxiety to the authorities, came up again this fall and reached a climax. Fortunately no one at Vanderbilt has ever been injured. The freshmen have been required to do ridic ulous things; some of them have at times been branded with iodine or some similar harmless temporary stain ; a few have had their hair cut so that it has been necessary for them to go to the barber's and have their heads clipped, an unseasonable mode of tonsure that was nevertheless, under the circumstances, borne with no loss of equanimity; rarely has any bodily pain been in flicted. Yet the evils of the system were plain. It gave the University unpleasant notoriety and subjected it to unfriendly criticism; it alarmed parents, who feared that harm might come to their sons, or who resented as indignities what the boys were taking much less seriously; it kept students away from the University, as the tenor of the correspondence in numerous cases showed. It was practiced on a man not because he was "green" or conceited, but because he was a member of the class, and preferably it was prac ticed on as large a number as the hazers could catch, trapping a man, overpowering him by numbers, binding him, and leaving him under guard until the quarry was driven in or scattered. The freshmen were seldom sufficiently well organized or determined to resist successfully, and turned their attention to plans for having their innings with the next class a year later. But the present freshman class was more than usually active in both di rections. There was always the lurking danger of serious or fatal results from sheer accident, from sudden passion, and from stubborn, indignant resistance. 314 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Efforts to stop the practice, when once in wholesale wise a class had been subjected to it, by public appeal to the students or by private interview with selected representative men, proved un successful. The latter method proved weak not in the failure of those interviewed to respect the University's interests, but from the plottings of others who, having given no promise, specific or tacit, recognized no obligation to abstain. This year, while the number of men hazed was quite large, the treatment was mild and entirely good-humored. It seemed to have had its run when a few sophomores interfered with a dance which some of the freshmen had planned. The "stags" were intercepted, a part of the refreshments captured, and the lights turned off. In unexpected fashion some of the freshmen organ ized a retaliatory raid and came in such numbers to the next appointed sophomore dance that the utmost effort of the members of the latter class who were present or who could be hastily sum moned were needed for defense. Then for forty-eight hours fol lowed a series of raids of sophomores on freshmen and of fresh men upon sophomores, and several members of both classes had need of the assistance of the barber to make the best of a botched job. Actual plots to catch picked members of both classes and credited rumors of very serious designs combined to rouse both classes. When the sophomores came to the conviction that the issue must be forced and decided in one comprehensive struggle, they went out in a body at midnight and discovered a band of twenty-five freshmen who had assembled in one room in Kissam Hall, fearing that they would be seized singly, and hoping to be able to defend themselves in a mass. Two doors were battered down and other property was destroyed in the struggle that at last brought the combatants to a hand-to-hand contest. At this junc ture the cooler heads in both classes called a parley, and a truce was arranged, which was in effect a surrender. The sophomores demanded six of the freshmen, who, over the votes of their fel lows, surrendered themselves. They were taken some distance into the country, their hair was cut they were otherwise hazed, and left. It was then about milking time in the morning, and a dairyman was employed to convey them back to the campus be fore sunrise. The presidents of the two classes promptly re ported the willingness of the classes to pay for all repairs; and, University News. 315 as the upper classmen were at last aroused, and the lower class men had all had enough, it is probable that the struggles would have ceased, though it is somewhat questionable whether individ uals might not have precipitated further trouble in their efforts to "get even." The faculty investigation began at once. The presidents and other members of both classes were called in and examined. The facts were easily learned. While individuals were responsible for the overt acts — in themselves more funny than serious — which had led step by step to the crisis, the final struggles were of class against class, the members of each bound together by a spirit of class loyalty, regardless of who was responsible for beginning the trouble. Indeed, when it came to determining the part which in dividuals had taken, the most conspicuous thing was the judg ment, coolness, and influence of some of the leaders in both classes in stopping the struggle at the sophomore dance and in Kissam Hall before serious personal encounters had occurred. Instead of trying to single individuals out for severe discipline, the faculty took advantage of the opportunity to take a signed pledge from each member of the two classes not to instigate or take part in any form of hazing or class struggle. The upper classmen were warned that they would be held accountable for like breaches of conduct, though they were not required to sign the pledge at this time. Hereafter, it was decided, the signing of such a pledge should be a prerequisite to matriculation for all students at the opening of each year; and the catalogue will so state. The investigation brought out the existence of friction over the organization of a freshman social club. Such a club was first organized two years ago when the Greek letter fraternities post poned both the pledging and the initiation of men until the open ing of the second term of the session. The jealousy of the fra ternity men was so great that the Pan-Hellenic Council had to legislate prohibiting fraternity men from showing the least social attention to a freshman ; though a personal friend or even kins man, he could not invite him to dinner, to theater, or to call, or show him any similar courtesy. The freshmen, thus ostracized, organized a social club, and through it had their full modicum of social enjoyment. The next year the club was continued. This 316 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. year some of the freshmen organized themselves into a club. Later it was deemed best to ask the sophomores to "spike" the members for the freshman club. The result was chaos. Some in each club were not in the other, and the rest were in both. The faculty forbade the freshman class this year to organize either club, and prohibited freshman class clubs hereafter. The useful ness of the sophomore social club was doubted by the faculty. But in deference to the opinion of some of the members to the contrary it was not disbanded, but limited to one more entertain ment this year, and not more than two a year hereafter, upon permission granted in each case by the Supervisory Committee. The junior club was not involved, and was ignored by the fac ulty in its legislation. The Commodore Club. The Commodore Club, the organization among the seniors, stands on a different basis altogether. Its college spirit and op portunity for usefulness is recognized. Early in the year the Commodore Club placed a piano in the chapel in order that it might be used during the football season for the practice of col lege songs after chapel. The interest manifested in college music was so evident that Mr. Washburn was engaged by the Univer sity to lead the chapel singing three times each week. The occa sion was used not only to practice cheering and singing for the games, but in learning some of the best sacred hymns and in ac quiring college songs. Most popular among them is the "Alma Mater," or "Little Ode," written by Robert F. Vaughn, B.A., '07, now President of the Glee Club, for Class Day and sung to the music of "Amici Beati." The words are as follows: On the city's western border, Reared against the sky, Proudly stands our Alma Mater As the years go by. Forward ever be the watchword, Conquer and prevail. Hail to thee ! O Alma Mater, Vanderbilt! all hail! Cherished by thy songs forever, Memories sweet shall come University News. 317 Round our hearts, O Alma Mater, As we sing our song, Forward ever be the watchword, Conquer and prevail. Hail to thee ! O Alma Mater ! Vanderbilt! all hail! A VANDERBILT BIBLIOGRAPHY. The following publications of the professors and students of Vanderbilt University were collected for exhibition at James town as evidence of the critical and creative scholarship of the University : Gross Alexander, some time Professor of New Testament Greek. Homilies of Chrysostom on Galatians and Ephesians. History of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. The Son of Man. Life of S. P. Holcombe. The Beginnings of Methodism in the South. W. M. Baskerv1ll, late Professor of English Language and Literature. Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (with Gessner A. Harrison). Anglo-Saxon Grammar. English Grammar (with J. W. Sewell, Vanderbilt). Southern Writers, two volumes, the second completed after his death by several of his pupils. Calv1n S. Brown, some time Instructor in English. Coal Flora of Tracy City (Doctor's Thesis). Enoch Arden (a text). The Later English Drama. O. E. Brown, Professor of Church History. Life and Letters of Laura Askew Haygood (with Anna Muse Brown). W1ll1am L. Dudley, Professor of Chemistry and Dean of the Medical Department. Iridium; and numerous other contributions to scientific journals. Gus W. Dyer, Instructor in Economics, Sociology, and Applied Chris tianity. Democracy in the South Before the War (Doctor's Thesis). L. C. Glenn, Professor of Geology. Pelecypoda of the Miocene of Maryland (Doctor's Thesis). Underground Waters of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Illinois. Cumberland Gap Coal Field, Kentucky (with W. H. Ashley). Charles A. Eggert, some time Instructor in French. Goethe's Iphigenie auf Tauris (a text). 318 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. J. C. Granbery, late Professor of Practical Theology and of Mental and Moral Philosophy. A Bible Dictionary. Experience, the Crowning Evidence of the Christian Religion (Cole Lectures, Vol. I). A. R. Hohlfeld, some time Professor of German. Die Altenglischen Misterienspiele. Two Stories by Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach (a text). T. A. Jenk1ns, some time Adjunct Professor of French. L'Espurgatoirc (a text). Alphonse Daudet. Longer French Poems (a text). Paul M. Jones, late Adjunct Professor of Biology. The Geology of Nashville (Doctor's Thesis). R1chard Jones, Professor of English Literature. The Growths of the Idylls of the King. Macbeth (a text). Merchant of Venice (a text). History of English Literature. E. S. Joynes, some time Professor of French and German. German Grammar. Minimum French Grammar. J. A. Kern, Professor of Practical Theology. The Ministry to the Congregation. The Way of the Preacher. James Hampton K1rkland, Chancellor and Professor of Latin Lan guage and Literature. A Study of the Anglo-Saxon Poem, "The Harrowing of Hell." Satires and Epistles of Horace (a text). Contributions to Philological and Educational Journals. J. E. McCulloch, some time Instructor in the Biblical Department. The Open Church for the Unchurched. J. T. McG1ll, Professor of Organic and Physical Chemistry and Dean of the Pharmaceutical Department. An Introduction to Qualitative Analysis. Holland N. McTye1re, late President of the Board of Trust. History of Methodism. Manual of Discipline of the Methodist Church, South. A Catechism on Church Government. Freder1ck W. Moore, Professor of History and Economics and Dean of the Academic Department. Translation of Gumplowicz's Outlines of Sociology. Contributions to Historical and Political Science Journals. G. T. Pugh, some time Teaching Fellow in Mathematics. Pleistocene Deposit of South Carolina (Doctor's Thesis). E. A. Rudd1man, Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy. University Hews. 319 Incompatibilities in Prescriptions. Whys in Pharmacy. James M. Safford, Professor of Natural History and Geology, Emer itus. Geology of Tennessee. Elements of Geology in Tennessee. Economic and Agricultural Geology. Geological Reports. G. C. Savage, Professor of Diseases of the Eye. Ophthalmic Myology. Ophthalmic Neuro-Myology. New Truths in Ophthalmology. Ocular Rotations. W. H. Schuerman, Professor of Civil Engineering and Dean of the Engineering Department. A New Computing Instrument, and other contributions to Engineer ing Journals. Charles Forster Sm1th, some time Professor of Greek Language and Literature. Thucydides, Book III. (a text). Thucydides, Book VII. (a text). R. B. Steele, Associate Professor of Latin. The Ablative Absolute in Livy, and numerous other Contributions to Philological Journals. J. H. Stevenson, Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis. Herodotus (in Vanderbilt Oriental Series). Assyrian and Babylonian Contracts (in Vanderbilt Oriental Series). Thomas O. Summers, late Professor of Systematic Theology and Dean of the Biblical Department. Commentary on Matthew. Commentary on Mark. Commentary on Luke. Commentary on John. Commentary on Acts of the Apostles. Commentary on Epistle to the Romans. Commentary on the Ritual of the Methodist Church, South. A Treatise on Baptism. Systematic Theology, 2 Vols. John J. T1gert, some time Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy and late Member of the Board of Trust. Handbook on Logic. Constitutional History of American Episcopal Methodism. The Preacher Himself. The Making of Methodism. Banks's Manual of Christian Doctrine. Theism, The Christianity of Christ and the Apostles. 22 320 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Edition of Bishop McTyeire's Sermons. W1lbur F. T1llett, Professor of Systematic Theology and Dean of the Biblical Department. Our Hymns and Their Writers. Personal Salvation. Doctrines and Polity of the Methodist Church, South (with James Atkins). A Statement of Methodist Faith. Herbert Cush1nc, Tolman, Professor of Greek Language and Liter ature. Translation of the Cuneiform Inscriptions of the Achaemenidan Kings. The Ancient Persian Inscriptions. Cassar's Gallic War (a text, with W. R. Harper). ' The Greek Gospel of Matthew (a text, with Alexander Kerr). Text Edition of Caesar (with W. R. Harper). Greek and Roman Mythology (with K. P. Harrington). The Art of Translating. Herodotus (Vanderbilt Oriental Series). Mycenaean Troy (Vanderbilt Oriental Series). Urbs Beata : A Vision of the Perfect Life. Via Crucis : Lesson of Holy Week. Contributions to Philological and Oriental Journals. Hiram A. Vance, late Instructor in English Philology. Stevenson's Treas'i:c l.-lnnd la text). Edw1n W1ley, some time Instructor in English. The Old and the New Renaissance. Bert Edward Young, Associate Professor of Romanic Languages. Michel Baron, Acteur et Auteur Dramatique. The Cole Lectures. I. Experience the Crowning Evidence. John C. Granbery. II. The Religion of the Incarnation. Eugene Russell Hendrix. III. The Witnesses to Christ. Alpheus W. Wilson. IV. Modern Missions. Charles B. Galloway. V. The Kingdom of God. Alexander Sutherland. VI. The Christian Character. James Chapman. VII. The Universal Elements of the Christian Religion. Charles Cuthbert Hall. VIII. Christ and Science. Francis Henry Smith. The Vanderb1lt Or1ental Ser1es. Edited by Professors Tolman and Stevenson. Herodotus and the Empires of the East. Tolman and Stevenson. Grammatical Index to the Chandogya Upanishad. C. E. Little. Assyrian and Babylonian Contracts. Stevenson. Weissenborn's Homeric Life. G. C. Scoggin and C. G. Burkitt. Mycenaean Troy. Tolman and Scoggin. ■ University News. 321 Publ1cat1ons of the Theolog1cal Faculty. Discussions in Theology. Chancellor Garland and Professors Tillett, Alexander, Hoss, and Martin. Theologians of Methodism. Theses by Members of the Senior Class. The Vanderb1lt Un1vers1ty Quarterly. 6 Vols. The Qu1nquenn1al Catalogue of Vanderb1lt Ph1 Beta Kappa. The Un1vers1ty Catalogue, 1875-1907. NOTES. Dr. W. F. Tillett, Dean of the Biblical Department, delivered the Avery Course of Lectures at Trinity College, Durham, N. C., in April last, on "The Bible and Modern Scholarship." W. R. Webb, Sr., is President of the Head Masters' Associa tion, which was organized in May, 1907, and not W. R. Webb, Jr., as stated in the July (1907) number of the Quarterly. "The Duality of Man" is the title of the address of Dr. G. C. Savage, Professor of Ophthalmology in the Medical Department, delivered at Atlantic City, in June, 1907, as Chairman of the Sec tion on Ophthalmology at the fifty-eighth Annual Session of the American Medical Association. Professor E. A. Ruddiman has been appointed, after exami nation, to a civil service position as Chief Food and Drug In spection Chemist, with headquarters at Nashville. The position is an important one in point of expert work and responsibility and of income. It is one of a large number created to provide the corps of expert analysts necessary to carry into effect the provisions of the Pure Food and Drug Act. During the spring holidays a party of over one hundred and fifty students and faculty went on the excursion to Mammoth Cave and spent two days, dedicating a hall in the cave and erecting in it a slab of black Arkansas marble bearing the fol lowing inscription : "Vanderbilt University Hall. Dedicated April 6, 1907, by James Hampton Kirkland, Chancellor, in the presence of professors and students. 'Out of the lowest depths there is a path to the loftiest heights.' (Thomas Carlyle.)" As Chancellor Kirkland was unable to be present, his place on the programme was taken by Professor J. H. Stevenson, of the Bib lical Department. 322 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. Allen G. Hall, LL.B., LL.D. (Central University of Ken tucky), Secretary of the Law Department Faculty and Professor of American Law, is Platform Manager of the Monteagle Assem bly. Among the lecturers and speakers who appeared on the Monteagle Platform last season were: Professor Edwin Mims, B.A., M.A., of Trinity College, on "Writers of the Nineteenth Century;" Professor A. M. Harris, "Readings" and classes in Public Speaking; Professor Collins Denny, Sermon in the Audi torium ; Chancellor J. H. Kirkland, lecture on "The Book of Job;" Professor H. B. Carre, Sermon; Dean W. F. Tillett, of the Biblical Department, Sermon. Everett B. Tucker, '05, of Wallace University School, Nashville, Tenn.. had charge of the School of English Grammar and Rhetoric ; Miss Ella De Long Winfield, teacher of Latin in Buford College for Girls, Nashville. Tenn., of the School of Latin. Professor A. M. Harris of the School of Public Speaking. The social opening of the new Kappa Alpha Fraternity house on Terrace Place took place on October 17, 1907, and was at tended by a large and brilliant company of friends of the Chap ter. In the afternoon married and young guests were invited for a reception. Music was rendered by an Italian orchestra, and Messrs. Washburn and McOullom gave some charming songs. In the evening the younger set were entertained at a house-warm ing party by the Chapter, and this was also largely attended. Many visitors from the other fraternities were present. This new chapter house is one of the handsomest of all. It was originally built by leading Nashville architects and builders for a wealthy merchant, from whom it was purchased last August by Kappa Alpha. It is a two-story house, containing some twelve rooms, finished superbly in stained hardwoods. The parlor is in white enamel, with a handsome fireplace. The library is in black oak, with built-in bookcases and a high mantel, while the smoking room, just back of this, is similar, but with beamed ceiling and general grill room aspect. All the rooms on the ground floor have handsome chandeliers purchased in the North. The floors in both stories are of polished hardwood. The building itself is constructed of gray brick, with a handsome porch with Corin thian columns. Since its acquisition by the Chapter the house has been furnished in artistic style with oak and mahogany fur University News. 323 niture and fine rugs, in harmony with the general character of the plan. The home is also supplied with all reasonable conven iences, such as hot air, filtered water, electricity, and gas. ALUMNI NOTES. '76 — John E. Gannaway, LL.B., practiced law from the time of his graduation for twelve years, first in Nashville, Tenn., and then in Victoria, B. C. He died in the latter city on November 5. 1888, being survived by a widow (now deceased), by a daugh ter, and a son (Herbert), who graduated from Vanderbilt Uni versity with the degree of B.A. in 1901 and LL.B. in 1904, and who is now practicing law in Memphis, Tenn. '79 — Dr. W. J. Young, Th.G., the famous preacher of Rich mond. Va., whom the Alumni Association elected to deliver its Annual Address in 1908, has written to signify his acceptance of this honor. '87 — Rev. Charles Anderson, LL.B.. recently of Bardstown and Catlertsburg, Ky., has become pastor of the Baptist Church in Russellville, Ky. '88— William Capers Cherry, B.A. (LL.B. '91), of Nashville, Tenn., was married on June 5, 1907, to Miss Dea, daughter of Mrs. Richard Fletcher, of Little Rock, Ark. '88-90 Acad. — Mr. Noble Banks, formerly of Decatur, Ala., and later in the Railway Mail Service, with headquarters in At lanta, died about three years ago. '89 — James Avery Webb, LL.B., of St. Louis, Mo., was mar ried on June 25, 1907, to Miss May, daughter of Mrs. Henry- Bate Folk, of Brownsville, Tenn., and sister of Governor Joseph W. Folk, of Missouri. '91 — Henry M. Scales, LL.B.. formerly of Clarksville, Tenn., now Mayor of Oklahoma City and a practicing lawyer there, was married on November 21 to Miss Lillie, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. David Frierson Watkins, of Ashwood, Tenn. '91 — William Alexander Webb, B.A., who, after teaching for a time and after continuing his studies abroad, has been for 324 Vanderbilt University Quarterly. some years Professor of English at Central College, Fayette, Mo., has been elected to the presidency. For the past year he has been Acting President in the absence of President Morris on denominational work in the State. '91-'94 Eng. — H. M. Jones, of Nashville, engineer in charge of the construction of the county bridges across the Cumberland at Nashville, was elected President of the Engineering Associa tion of the South at its annual meeting held in Nashville on De cember 14. The membership runs over three hundred, and nearly one hundred were in attendance. The party inspected several pieces of engineering construction completed or in proc ess in the neighborhood of Nashville, including the Sparkman Street bridge and the government lock No. 2, on the Cumber land above Nashville. '92 — James A. Robins, B.A., Principal of McTyeire Institute. McKenzie, Tenn., was married on June 4, 1907, to Miss Grace Atkins, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Volney L. Williams, of Nash ville, Tenn. '92 — Albert Sidney J. McCoy, LL.B., was accidentally killed in 1893 in San Francisco, Cal., where he was located in the prac tice of his profession. During the performance of a play which he had written and was giving with a few friends a stage-stab bing scene became, in the excitement of the moment, tragically real. '92 — Elliott H. Jones, LL.B., of Kansas City, was appointed Police Commissioner by Governor Folk, LL.B. ('90), in August last under characteristic and complimentary circumstances. The city was suffering from corruption in the police department. The commissioners were ordered to investigate, and took testimony under oath. They disagreed in their findings upon the evidence. One member condemned while another vindicated the chief of police, and the third took only a passive part in the controversy. Governor Folk sent for the testimony and examined it. Then he promptly and curtly dismissed the second member of the com mission and appointed Mr. Jones. The reorganized commission then dismissed the chief of police and settled down to the hard task of properly administering the department. Mr. Jones has been in the quiet and successful practice of the law in Kansas N University News. 325 City since his graduation and has taken no part in city politics. This appointment comes to him as an expression of great confi dence, and has been accepted as a public duty. '93 — Frank M. Thomas, B.D., now pastor of the M. E. Church, South, in Owensboro, Ky., has been chosen to membership on the very important Book Committee of the Church in place of Rev. Dr. Paul Whitehead, of Virginia, deceased. '93 Law. — William Alexander Guild (B.A. Princeton), who has been practicing law in Gallatin, Tenn., since his graduation, was married on Christmas day, 1907, to Miss Louise Trousdale, daughter of Judge B. F. Allen, of Gallatin. '93 — The Nashville American of recent date contained the following concerning Horace N. Hawkins, LL.B.: "A dispatch from Denver says that Clarence S. Darrow, who represented William D. Haywood in his recent trial, and who made an an archistic speech, has been dismissed from the service of the Western Federation of Miners, and that in Darrow's place, as chief attorney of the organization, will appear the firm of Rich ardson & Hawkins, of Denver, composed of E. F. Richardson, who conducted the cross-examination of witnesses in the Hay wood trial, and H. N. Hawkins, one of the shrewdest criminal lawyers in the Rocky Mountain region. This, if we mistake not, is Horace N. Hawkins, a Tennessee boy, who was born and reared at Huntingdon." '94 — G. W. Dyer, M.A., B.D., received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Chicago at the June, 1907, Convocation. His thesis was upon "Democracy at the South before the Civil War." '94 — G. W. Dyer, B.D., M.A., Instructor in Economics and Practical Christianity at Vanderbilt University, was married at Lynchburg, Va., on June 20, 1907, to Miss Isabel Temple, daugh ter of Rev. Joseph Wesley Shackford, of that place. '95 — Ben Childers, B.A., LL.B. '97, of Pulaski, has been ap pointed local attorney of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. '95 — Heiskell Weatherford, B.E., was elected city engineer of Memphis on July 30, succeeding J. A. Omberg, Jr., '99 E., who has organized an engineering firm to do extensive work in West Tennessee and the Southwest. 326 Vanderbilt University Quarterly . '95 — Edward Colgate Dennis, B.S., was married on April 10, 1907, at St. George, S. C., to Miss Blanche Corinne Moorer, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Daniel Francis Moorer. Dennis is now a prosperous lawyer at Darlington, S. C. '95-'98 E. — Clarence S. Young, who has been engaged in elec trical railway and other road construction for a number of years, has been appointed Superintendent for the State of Texas of the Stone and Webster Engineering Corporation of Boston, owning street railways in several cities of Texas. His headquarters are in the North Texas Building, at Dallas. Young recently surveyed and "put through" the electrical line from New Orleans to Baton Rouge, a project involving some millions, and elicited much fa vorable comment from the New Orleans dailies. '96 — Samuel A. Myatt, B.A. (M.A. '99), formerly Principal of Schools in Denison, Tex., has become Superintendent of Schools in Ennis, Tex. '96 — A. D. Eatherly. B.E., was married on September 10, 1907, to Miss Mildred Pattie Shook, at Herndon Hall, Winches ter, Tenn. He has been for some years connected with the Wevaco Mines, at Wevaco, W. Va., but has recently removed to Charleston. '96 — H. E. Dornblaser, B.A. (Midland), M.A.. after teaching in Midland College, Lawrence. Kans., for five years, was elected to the professorship of English and History in Carthage College. Carthage, 1ll., where he is still located. '96 — James Reese Lin, M.A., who has been Superintendent of Schools at Natchez, Miss., for some years, has been elected su perintendent at Alexandria, La., a live town of 18,000 inhabitants. In addition he was tendered the position of director of the nine ty-nine schools of the parish, pending the election of a new di rector this autumn. We have it from authorized sources that Lin has been a great power for good in the school work in Mississippi. His record at Natchez was an enviable one. '98 — Charles Jacob Elbrich, B.E., now Roadmaster of the Cincinnati Division of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, liv ing at LaGrange, Ky., was married on June 15, 1907, to Miss Lillian Isabel, daughter of Mr. Edward J. Burke, of Louisville, Kv. University News. 327 98-'o1 E.— Ralph Whiteley Berry, of the U. S. Geological Sur vey, was married on April 17, 1907, to Miss May O'Connor, of Washington, D. C. '98 — John Milford Williams, B.A., Dean and Professor of Greek and Latin in Henderson College, Arkadelphia, Ark., has accepted the presidency of Galloway College for Young Ladies at Searcy, Ark. It is the purpose of the trustees to build up a strong school for young women in the State. The college has been in existence for some time, but has heretofore been run on conventional standards. '99 — Edward McKenzie, B.D. (B.A. Wesleyan College), is located in Louisville, Ky., being employed as a singer particularly in church choirs and evangelistic meetings. '00 — David Kelley Lambuth, B.A. (M.A. Columbia Univer sity), who has been continuing his studies at Columbia for the last year, has been awarded a Fellowship in English, and will continue his studies there for another year. '00 — Laurent Brown, LL.B., of Nashville, Term., was married on June 28, 1907, to Miss Annabel, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James L. Scott, of Nashville, Tenn. '02 — Charles Clayton Gumm, M.A., for the past year Instruct or in English and graduate student in the University of Pennsyl vania, has received the degree of Ph.D. from that University, and is abroad for a year of study and travel. '02 — Paul Bentley Kern, B.A. (M.A., B.D. '05), was married on June 11, 1907, to Miss Lucy Goodall, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. I. G. Campbell, of Nashville, Tenn. He has been Instructor in the Correspondence School of the Methodist Church, South, since his graduation ; but has now become pastor of the Blake- more Avenue Church in Nashville. '02 — Clarence M. Hawkins, LL.B., of Huntington, Tenn., who was Private Secretary to Governor John I. Cox during his term of office, has gone to Boulder, Cal., to locate as a lawyer. His brother, Prince A. Hawkins, is already a prominent lawyer in the same city. '05 — William Olliphant Rencher, B.A., was married on June 5, 1907, to Miss Bessie Kathleen Long, of Lake Charles, La. 3a$. 6. Caldwell $ Son FIRE INSURANCE NO. 1 1RCADE NASHVILLE Mrs, Lulu B, Epperson IJVSVRAJVCE 614/614^ First National Bank Building NASHVILLE, TENN. FOUNTAIN PENS: Every pen guaranteed to work satisfactorily. All points made of the best 14-karat gold. The barrel is of either black or mottled hard rubber. Each pen is accompanied by a filler and packed in a box. 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