DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolution of Central Complex Development: Cellular and Genetic Mechanisms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolution of Central Complex Development: Cellular and Genetic Mechanisms Evolution of central complex development: cellular and genetic mechanisms Dissertation for the award of the degree “Doctor rerum naturalium” of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen within the doctoral program Genes and Development of the Georg-August University School of Science (GAUSS) submitted by Max Stephen Farnworth from Hanau, Germany Göttingen, 2019 Thesis Advisory Committee Prof. Dr. Gregor Bucher (advisor) (University of Göttingen; Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics) Prof. Dr. Halyna Shcherbata (Hannover Medical School; Institute for Cell Biochemistry) Prof. Dr. André Fiala (University of Göttingen; Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behavior) Members of the Examination Board First reviewer: Prof. Dr. Gregor Bucher (University of Göttingen; Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics) Second reviewer: Prof. Dr. Halyna Shcherbata (Hannover Medical School; Institute for Cell Biochemistry) Further Members of the Examination Board Prof. Dr. André Fiala (University of Göttingen; Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behavior) Prof. Dr. Christoph Bleidorn (University of Göttingen, Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity) PD Dr. Roland Dosch (University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Developmental Biochemistry) Prof. Dr. Ralf Heinrich (University of Göttingen, Department of Cellular Neurobiology) Date of Oral Examination: September 30th, 2019 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that the doctoral thesis entitled "Evolution of central complex development: cellular and genetic mechanisms" has been written independently and with no other sources and aids than quoted. ______________________ Göttingen, July 11th, 2019 ii For my family iii Acknowledgements First of all, I want to thank Prof. Gregor Bucher for the opportunity of a doctoral thesis as well as his optimism and patience. During a period of life with a lot of changes, you have helped and supported me with a good mixture of kindness and firm guidance. I greatly acknowledge scientific help and support by my thesis committee members, Profs. Halyna Shcherbata and André Fiala. I thank Elisa Buchberger for suffering through her role as my coffee partner and for her kind honesty and calming presence. I am so glad we became friends, as GIF-infused as possible. I want to thank Dr. Nico Posnien for being a role model in how to balance all the different aspects of the scientific with the private life. But even more, we have ideas together, that we bravely (or naively?) put into practice. I want to thank Kolja N. Eckermann for teaching me all the basics of Molecular Biology I should have known before I entered the lab and, together with Dr. Peter Kitzmann, for showing me the way of delicious coffee making. I thank Dr. Peter Kitzmann for being such a good lab colleague with mad sport skills, integrity and the ability, together with Kolja, to come up with nicknames that stick, annoyingly, even four years after their invention. I want to acknowledge all the help I received from Elke Küster, Claudia Hinners and Dipl.- Ing. Beate Preitz. Particularly Elke has set up so many single crosses of flies and beetles for me, with incredible patience for my lack of planning – thank you! I want to thank Dr. Marita Buescher for helpful scientific input and for entertaining me through odd and surprisingly funny stories of her life, including a lot of cat stories... I acknowledge the tremendous help by Dr. Felix S.C. Quade for all things 3D reconstruction. I want to thank Luisa Mathilde Welp, Marvin Seifert, Lara Markus and Ehecatl A. Ruiz Alvarez for their experimental help. I acknowledge tremendous last-minute help by Ann-Kathrin Müller in correcting this work. Of course, all lab members of both departments deserve a big thank you. From all of you I have profited, in some shape or form! Particularly though Birgit Rossi, Merle Eggers, Bettina Hucke, Angelika Löffers, Helma Gries, Dhaval Patel, Prof. Ernst A. Wimmer, Prof. Sigrid Hoyer- Fender, Dr. Gerd Vorbrüggen, Dr. Ufuk Günesdogan, Hassan M. M. Ahmed, Dr. Bernhard G. M. Schmid (so many nice chats!), Dr. Stefan Dippel, Julia Kurlovich, Mila Ilic, Dr. Micael Reis, Martin Milner (see you next Tuesday!), Dr. Vera Terblanche, Magdalena Schacht (all the food!), Felix Kaufholz, Dr. Salim Ansari, Dr. Salim M. Hakeemi, Dominik Mühlen, Dr. Daniela Grossmann, Dr. Jürgen Dönitz and Dr. Bicheng He. iv Financial support from the Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences (GGNB) is greatly appreciated. I want to take the opportunity to acknowledge people not involved in this work: First of all, thanks for the advice, help and guidance, particularly by Prof. Martin Plath – who let me discover this ‘brain evolution’ topic of mine, Prof. Robert A. Barton – from whom I learned how to critically read and discuss topics, but also Dr. Roland Dosch, Dr. Stephen H. Montgomery and Prof. Julia Fischer for guidance on critical thinking, topical support and reflection. I further want to acknowledge financial support during my Master’s Studies by the German National Academic Foundation. Through Prof. Sarah Köster’s mentorship, inspired courses by Profs. Peter Kappeler and Daniel Haun, and support by Prof. Katja Liebal, I was able to stay motivated pursuing an academic career. I want to thank my friend Martin Meschkat. We cannot stop testing each other’s statements, positions, and reflecting on each other’s emotional stupidity and personal fallacies. I learn a lot from and with you. Oh, and you and my Billyard pal Dr. David Brockelt proof-read this thesis – thank you, and, I am so sorry! So many more friends would be needed to be listed here with special mention, but the two pages are nearly full, so in short: Christian, Katha, Seb, Hannes, Daniel, Lena, Mo, Luisa and Johanna – thank you so much! Last and most importantly, my family: My father, Peter, is the reason why I studied biology, why I have a ‘scientist’s’ mind (or at least pretend to have) and I am incredibly thankful for your support throughout. My mother, Wilma, is my role model for all the life skills I continue to fail at. I couldn’t be prouder to be your son. My brother, Christopher: it is a luxury to have someone who you know will always have your back, no matter what. I am thankful to my brother Mark, for trying to teach me to believe in myself and to be more relaxed. I do not know what he would say to me having completed a doctoral thesis, but I hope he would have been proud. My daughter Lilith has changed my life for the better. Her existence has not only changed my daily life, but how I think and how I exist. I am a much better person because of her. My girlfriend, friend, life-partner and wife Tina: I still cannot believe that we not only share a life and family together, but that you believe in me. Without your support, I wouldn’t have been able to do this work. v TABLE OF CONTENT 1. SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... - 1 - 2. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... - 2 - 2.1. The diversity of brain evolution ........................................................................................... - 2 - 2.2. Insect brains are suitable subjects for evolutionary research ............................................... - 4 - 2.3. Comparing development of brains between insect species ................................................. - 6 - 2.4. The use of genetic neural lineages and alternative marking strategies ............................... - 7 - 2.5. Using CRIPSR/Cas to generate transgenic lines in alternative model organisms ............ - 10 - 2.6. A beetle – fly comparison ................................................................................................... - 10 - 2.7. My doctoral work contained in three manuscripts and their contributions....................... - 11 - 3. RESULTS ...................................................................................................................... - 13 - 3.1. MANUSCRIPT 1: SEQUENCE HETEROCHRONY BETWEEN DROSOPHILA AND TRIBOLIUM CAUSES EMERGENCE OF A PRECOCIOUS LARVAL FORM OF THE CENTRAL COMPLEX - 14 - 3.1.1. ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... - 16 - 3.1.2. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. - 17 - 3.1.2.1. Insect brain evolution – Diversity in a conserved architecture .......................................... - 17 - 3.1.2.2. Heterochrony is a mechanism in the evolution of development with a largely unknown cellular basis ...................................................................................................................... - 18 - 3.1.2.3. Structure and function of the central complex ................................................................... - 18 - 3.1.2.4. The central complex is developed by conserved cellular mechanisms .............................. - 20 - 3.1.2.5. Central complex heterochrony – deviation from a common program? ............................. - 21 - 3.1.2.6. A comparison of the development of insect brains using genetic neural lineages ............ - 22 - 3.1.2.7. Using Tribolium and Drosophila as model systems for a comparison based on a common toolkit ................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Notes on Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Gambia (Western Africa)
    ANNALS OF THE UPPER SILESIAN MUSEUM IN BYTOM ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 26 (online 010): 1–13 ISSN 0867-1966, eISSN 2544-039X (online) Bytom, 08.05.2018 LECH BOROWIEC1, SEBASTIAN SALATA2 Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Gambia (Western Africa) http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1243767 1 Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: A list of 35 ant species or morphospecies collected in Gambia is presented, 9 of them are recorded for the first time from the country:Camponotus cf. vividus, Crematogaster cf. aegyptiaca, Dorylus nigricans burmeisteri SHUCKARD, 1840, Lepisiota canescens (EMERY, 1897), Monomorium cf. opacum, Monomorium cf. salomonis, Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi (MAYR, 1904), Technomyrmex pallipes (SMITH, 1876), and Trichomyrmex abyssinicus (FOREL, 1894). A checklist of 82 ant species recorded from Gambia is given. Key words: ants, faunistics, Gambia, new country records. INTRODUCTION Ants fauna of Gambia (West Africa) is poorly known. Literature data, AntWeb and other Internet resources recorded only 59 species from this country. For comparison from Senegal, which surrounds three sides of Gambia, 89 species have been recorded so far. Both of these records seem poor when compared with 654 species known from the whole western Africa (SHUCKARD 1840, ANDRÉ 1889, EMERY 1892, MENOZZI 1926, SANTSCHI 1939, LUSH 2007, ANTWIKI 2017, ANTWEB 2017, DIAMÉ et al. 2017, TAYLOR 2018). Most records from Gambia come from general web checklists of species. Unfortunately, they lack locality data, date of sampling, collector name, coordinates of the locality and notes on habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus Pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption
    Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption Colleen A. Cannon Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology Richard D. Fell, Chairman Jeffrey R. Bloomquist Richard E. Keyel Charles Kugler Donald E. Mullins June 12, 1998 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: diet, feeding behavior, food, foraging, Formicidae Copyright 1998, Colleen A. Cannon Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption Colleen A. Cannon (ABSTRACT) The nutritional ecology of the black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer) was investigated by examining macronutrient preference and particle consumption in foraging workers. The crops of foragers collected in the field were analyzed for macronutrient content at two-week intervals through the active season. Choice tests were conducted at similar intervals during the active season to determine preference within and between macronutrient groups. Isolated individuals and small social groups were fed fluorescent microspheres in the laboratory to establish the fate of particles ingested by workers of both castes. Under natural conditions, foragers chiefly collected carbohydrate and nitrogenous material. Carbohydrate predominated in the crop and consisted largely of simple sugars. A small amount of glycogen was present. Carbohydrate levels did not vary with time. Lipid levels in the crop were quite low. The level of nitrogen compounds in the crop was approximately half that of carbohydrate, and exhibited seasonal dependence. Peaks in nitrogen foraging occurred in June and September, months associated with the completion of brood rearing in Camponotus.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Indian Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Himender Bharti
    List of Indian Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Himender Bharti Department of Zoology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India - 147002. (email: [email protected]/[email protected]) (www.antdiversityindia.com) Abstract Ants of India are enlisted herewith. This has been carried due to major changes in terms of synonymies, addition of new taxa, recent shufflings etc. Currently, Indian ants are represented by 652 valid species/subspecies falling under 87 genera grouped into 12 subfamilies. Keywords: Ants, India, Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Introduction The following 652 valid species/subspecies of myrmecology. This species list is based upon the ants are known to occur in India. Since Bingham’s effort of many ant collectors as well as Fauna of 1903, ant taxonomy has undergone major myrmecologists who have published on the taxonomy changes in terms of synonymies, discovery of new of Indian ants and from inputs provided by taxa, shuffling of taxa etc. This has lead to chaotic myrmecologists from other parts of world. However, state of affairs in Indian scenario, many lists appeared the other running/dynamic list continues to appear on web without looking into voluminous literature on http://www.antweb.org/india.jsp, which is which has surfaced in last many years and currently periodically updated and contains information about the pace at which new publications are appearing in new/unconfirmed taxa, still to be published or verified. Subfamily Genus Species and subspecies Aenictinae Aenictus 28 Amblyoponinae Amblyopone 3 Myopopone
    [Show full text]
  • Natural History and Foraging Behavior of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus Sericeiventris Guérin, 1838 (Formicinae, Campotonini) in the Brazilian Tropical Savanna
    acta ethol DOI 10.1007/s10211-008-0041-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Natural history and foraging behavior of the carpenter ant Camponotus sericeiventris Guérin, 1838 (Formicinae, Campotonini) in the Brazilian tropical savanna Marcela Yamamoto & Kleber Del-Claro Received: 15 October 2007 /Revised: 8 February 2008 /Accepted: 15 April 2008 # Springer-Verlag and ISPA 2008 Abstract Camponotus sericeiventris is a polymorphic ant Introduction living in populous colonies at tropical forests and cerrado formation. This study provides a detailed account of the The literature related to ants is abundant in examples natural history and foraging biology of C. sericeiventris in of taxonomy, diversity, ecology, and behavior (e.g., cerrado at Ecological Station of Panga, Southeast of Brazil. Hölldolbler and Wilson 1990), but still nowadays, more The nest distribution according to vegetation physiog- information about natural history and quantitative data nomies, activity rhythm, diet, and foraging patterns were on general characteristics of different species is needed described. Results showed that nests occur inside dead or to a better comprehension of several selective pressures live trunks, and also in branches of soft wood at cerradão observed in this taxa (e.g., Fourcassié and Oliveira 2002). and gallery forest physiognomies (approximately 1 nest/ Ants outnumber all other terrestrial organisms and occur 100m2), but not in the mesophytic forest. Ant activity is in virtually all types of habitats (Wheeler 1910), being its correlated with temperature and humidity. There is overlap dominance particularly conspicuous in the tropical region in the foraging area among neighbor colonies (as far as (Fittkau and Klinge 1973). The Brazilian tropical savanna, 28 m) without evidence of agonistic interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Type Specimens Deposited in the Natural History Museum Vienna (Austria) and a Preliminary Checklist
    Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121 9–18 Wien, Februar 2019 Notes on the ant fauna of Eritrea (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae): type specimens deposited in the Natural History Museum Vienna (Austria) and a preliminary checklist M. Madl* Abstract The ant collection of the Natural History Museum Vienna (Austria) contains syntypes of nine species described from Eritrea: Aphaenogaster clavata EMERY, 1877 (= Pheidole clavata (EMERY, 1877)), Cam- ponotus carbo EMERY, 1877, Melissotarsus beccarii EMERY, 1877, Monomorium bicolor EMERY, 1877, Pheidole rugaticeps EMERY, 1877, Pheidole speculifera EMERY, 1877, Polyrhachis antinorii EMERY, 1877 (= Polyrhachis viscosa SMITH, 1858) and Tetramorium doriae EMERY, 1881. All syntypes were collected in Eritrea except the syntype of Monomorium luteum EMERY, 1881, which was collected in Yemen. A prelimi- nary checklist of the ants of Eritrea comprises 114 species and subspecies of seven subfamilies. Zusammenfassung In der Ameisensammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien (Österreich) werden Syntypen von neun Arten aufbewahrt, die aus Eritrea beschrieben worden sind: Aphaenogaster clavata EMERY, 1877 [= Phei- dole clavata (EMERY, 1877)], Camponotus carbo EMERY, 1877, Melissotarsus beccarii EMERY, 1877, Mono- morium bicolor EMERY, 1877, Pheidole rugaticeps EMERY, 1877, Pheidole speculifera EMERY, 1877, Poly- rhachis antinorii EMERY, 1877 (= Polyrhachis viscosa SMITH, 1858) und Tetramorium doriae EMERY, 1881. Alle Syntypen stammen aus Eritrea ausgenommen der Syntypus von Monomorium luteum EMERY, 1881, der in Jemen gesammelt wurde. Eine vorläufige Artenliste der Ameisen Eritreas umfasst 114 Arten und Unterarten aus sieben Unterfamilien. Key words: Formicidae, types, Camponotus, Melissotarsus, Monomorium, Pheidole, Polyrhachis, Tetra- morium, checklist, Eritrea, Yemen. Introduction The study of the ant fauna of Eritrea has been neglected for several decades.
    [Show full text]
  • 2600-IJBCS-Article-Abdoulaye Ndiaye
    Available online at http://www.ifgdg.org Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(4): 1626-1636, August 2016 ISSN 1997-342X (Online), ISSN 1991-8631 (Print) Original Paper http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Les fourmis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) de l’enclos d’acclimatation de Katané de la réserve de faune du Ferlo nord (Sénégal) M. M. DIENG 1, A. B. NDIAYE 2*, Ch. T. BA 1 et B. TAYLOR 3 1Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal. 2Laboratoire de Zoologie des Invertébrés Terrestres, IFAN, UCAD, B. P. 206, Sénégal. 311, Grazingfield, Wilford, Nottingham, NG11 7FN, U.K. *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] RESUME Les fourmis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), de par leur biomasse, et leur diversité spécifique, jouent un rôle fondamental dans les écosystèmes terrestres tropicaux. Néanmoins, elles sont très peu étudiées et mal connues au Sénégal. Pour contribuer à combler cette lacune nous avons étudié le peuplement des fourmis de l’enclos d’acclimatation de Katané, un site se trouvant dans la Réserve de Faune du Ferlo Nord en zone de savane sahélienne (région de Matam, Sénégal). Les fourmis ont été échantillonnées à l’aide de pièges à fosse et par la chasse à vue. La richesse spécifique (S) est de 21 espèces. Les espèces les plus remarquables par leur abondance et leur distribution sont Crematogaster senegalensis , Monomorium areniphilum , Trichomyrmex abyssinicus, Monomorium bicolor, Pheidole andrieui , Brachyponera sennaarensis , Tetramorium angulinode papyri et Tetramorium sericeiventre . Elles appartiennent toutes à la sous-famille des Myrmicinae sauf B. sennaarensis qui est de la sous-famille des Ponerinae.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Behavioral Ecology Symposium ’96: Cushing 165 MYRMECOMORPHY AND MYRMECOPHILY IN SPIDERS: A REVIEW PAULA E. CUSHING The College of Wooster Biology Department 931 College Street Wooster, Ohio 44691 ABSTRACT Myrmecomorphs are arthropods that have evolved a morphological resemblance to ants. Myrmecophiles are arthropods that live in or near ant nests and are considered true symbionts. The literature and natural history information about spider myrme- comorphs and myrmecophiles are reviewed. Myrmecomorphy in spiders is generally considered a type of Batesian mimicry in which spiders are gaining protection from predators through their resemblance to aggressive or unpalatable ants. Selection pressure from spider predators and eggsac parasites may trigger greater integration into ant colonies among myrmecophilic spiders. Key Words: Araneae, symbiont, ant-mimicry, ant-associates RESUMEN Los mirmecomorfos son artrópodos que han evolucionado desarrollando una seme- janza morfológica a las hormigas. Los Myrmecófilos son artrópodos que viven dentro o cerca de nidos de hormigas y se consideran verdaderos simbiontes. Ha sido evaluado la literatura e información de historia natural acerca de las arañas mirmecomorfas y mirmecófilas . El myrmecomorfismo en las arañas es generalmente considerado un tipo de mimetismo Batesiano en el cual las arañas están protegiéndose de sus depre- dadores a través de su semejanza con hormigas agresivas o no apetecibles. La presión de selección de los depredadores de arañas y de parásitos de su saco ovopositor pueden inducir una mayor integración de las arañas mirmecófílas hacia las colonias de hor- migas. Myrmecomorphs and myrmecophiles are arthropods that have evolved some level of association with ants. Myrmecomorphs were originally referred to as myrmecoids by Donisthorpe (1927) and are defined as arthropods that mimic ants morphologically and/or behaviorally.
    [Show full text]
  • Above-Belowground Effects of the Invasive Ant Lasius Neglectus in an Urban Holm Oak Forest
    U B Universidad Autónoma de Barce lona Departamento de Biología Animal, de Biología Vegetal y de Ecología Unidad de Ecología Above-belowground effects of the invasive ant Lasius neglectus in an urban holm oak forest Tesis doctoral Carolina Ivon Paris Bellaterra, Junio 2007 U B Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Departamento de Biología Animal, de Biología Vegetal y de Ecología Unidad de Ecología Above-belowground effects of the invasive ant Lasius neglectus in an urban holm oak forest Memoria presentada por: Carolina Ivon Paris Para optar al grado de Doctora en Ciencias Biológicas Con el Vº. Bº.: Dr Xavier Espadaler Carolina Ivon Paris Investigador de la Unidad de Ecología Doctoranda Director de tesis Bellaterra, Junio de 2007 A mis padres, Andrés y María Marta, y a mi gran amor Pablo. Agradecimientos. En este breve texto quiero homenajear a través de mi más sincero agradecimiento a quienes me ayudaron a mejorar como persona y como científica. Al Dr Xavier Espadaler por admitirme como doctoranda, por estar siempre dispuesto a darme consejos tanto a nivel profesional como personal, por darme la libertad necesaria para crecer como investigadora y orientarme en los momentos de inseguridad. Xavier: nuestras charlas más de una vez trascendieron el ámbito académico y fue un gustazo escucharte y compartir con vos algunos almuerzos. Te prometo que te enviaré hormigas de la Patagonia Argentina para tu deleite taxonómico. A Pablo. ¿Qué puedo decirte mi amor qué ya no te haya dicho? Gracias por la paciencia, el empuje y la ayuda que me diste en todo momento. Estuviste atento a los más mínimos detalles para facilitarme el trabajo de campo y de escritura.
    [Show full text]
  • 150 KADU SEEMA G. Nagpur Full Length
    STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF HOUSEHOLD PEST CARPENTER ANT, CAMPONOTUS COMPRESSUS (FABRICIUS) (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) SEEMA G. KADU Department of Zoology, Shri Shivaji Education Society Amravati's Science College, Nagpur Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The carpenter ant, Camponotus compressus, (Fabricius) is the polyphagous household pest responsible for damaging the utility poles, shade trees and lawns and also attacks sugar, molasses, sweet, stored grains and all kind of human food. It is a social polymorphic insect forming a large colony consisting of reproductive and sterile castes. The fertile queen and male are concealed together in the royal chamber with numerous sterile workers and soldiers. The development of carpenter ant, Camponotus compressus passes through the stages like eggs, larvae, pupae and adult stages. The pre-adult stages were recognized as the three larval instars and four pupal stages as pre, early, mid and late pupae. The time period for pre-adult development under the natural conditions ranges from one to two months while, the adults are produced around the same time of the year during late summer or early winter. Being polymorphic, the adults are of three forms, reproductive castes the queen (fertile female), the king (fertile male) and the workers (sterile caste). The workers differentiated into three types such as small workers, the minims or nanitics; medium size workers, the foragers and major workers, the soldiers in the colony. Key words: Camponotus compressus, polyphagous, pre-adult, polymorphic, nanitics, forager INTRODUCTION: MATERIALS AND METHODS: The carpenter ant, Camponotus compressus is a social The adults undertake mating flights in the months of April- insect forming a large colony consisting of reproductive and May-June.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Sri Lanka: a Taxonomic Research Summary and Updated Checklist
    ZooKeys 967: 1–142 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.967.54432 CHECKLIST https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Sri Lanka: a taxonomic research summary and updated checklist Ratnayake Kaluarachchige Sriyani Dias1, Benoit Guénard2, Shahid Ali Akbar3, Evan P. Economo4, Warnakulasuriyage Sudesh Udayakantha1, Aijaz Ahmad Wachkoo5 1 Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka 2 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China3 Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 191132, India 4 Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan 5 Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India Corresponding author: Aijaz Ahmad Wachkoo ([email protected]) Academic editor: Marek Borowiec | Received 18 May 2020 | Accepted 16 July 2020 | Published 14 September 2020 http://zoobank.org/61FBCC3D-10F3-496E-B26E-2483F5A508CD Citation: Dias RKS, Guénard B, Akbar SA, Economo EP, Udayakantha WS, Wachkoo AA (2020) The Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Sri Lanka: a taxonomic research summary and updated checklist. ZooKeys 967: 1–142. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.967.54432 Abstract An updated checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Sri Lanka is presented. These include representatives of eleven of the 17 known extant subfamilies with 341 valid ant species in 79 genera. Lio- ponera longitarsus Mayr, 1879 is reported as a new species country record for Sri Lanka. Notes about type localities, depositories, and relevant references to each species record are given.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ants (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with Description of a New Species of the Genus Tetramorium Mayr
    Zootaxa 3709 (6): 565–580 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:10D447D5-D5C0-409F-85FC-6E3E4619C487 The ants (Hymenoptera:formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim Nature Preserve, Saudi Arabia, with description of a new species of the genus Tetramorium Mayr MOSTAFA R. SHARAF1*, MAHMOUD S. ABDEL-DAYEM2, HATHAL M. AL DHAFER2 & ABDULRAHMAN S. ALDAWOOD1 King Saud University, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Plant Protection Department, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 1*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 1Economic Entomology Research Unit (EERU). 2King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA). Abstract Rawdhat Khorim, a densely vegetated alluvial basin supporting a distinctive floral community in the hyper-arid desert of central Saudi Arabia, is one of the most important protected nature sanctuaries of the country. The ant fauna (Formicidae) of Rawdhat Khorim was sampled and 14 species, including one new species were collected using a variety of sampling methods. The new species, Tetramorium saudicum sp. n., a member of the T. caespitum-group, is described based on the worker caste. Cataglyphis viaticoides (André) is recorded for the first time from Saudi Arabia. The information in this paper will allow natural resource managers to establish long-term ecological studies, using sentinel taxa such as ants to evaluate present and future impacts on Rawdhats.
    [Show full text]
  • In Residential Area of Tarbela, Swabi: New Records from Pakistan
    The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 31(2): 2021, Page: 617-624 Rasheed et al., ISSN (print): 1018-7081; ISSN (online): 2309-8694The J. Anim. Plant Sci. 31(2):2021 DIVERSITY OF ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN RESIDENTIAL AREA OF TARBELA, SWABI: NEW RECORDS FROM PAKISTAN S. B. Rasheed*, M. Ali, F. Zaidi And S. Noreen Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar. Pakistan. 25120. *corresponding Author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Twenty-one species of ants, including nine new records from Pakistan were collected from residential colonies of Tarbela Power Station, Swabi. These species were classified into four subfamilies and thirteen genera. The most diverse genus was, Camponotus represented by four species i.e. Camponotus angusticollis Jerdon, 1851, Camponotus compressus Fabricius, 1787, Camponotus oblongus Forel, 1916, Camponotus sericeus Fabricius, 1798. Three species of Pheidole i.e. Pheidole binghami Forel, 1902, Pheidole sykesi and Pheidole sagei Forel, 1902, and two species each of Monomorium and Lepisiota i.e. Monomorium indicum Forel, 1902, Monomorium sagei Forel, 1890 and Lepisiota frauenfeldi Mayr, 1855, Lepisiota capensis Mayr, 1862 were reported in current study. Remaining ten genera i.e. Crematogaster, Meranoplus, Messor, Cataglyphis, Cardiocondyla, Aenictus, Polyrachis, Paratrechina, Nylanderia and Tapinoma were represented by single species each; Crematogaster subnuda Mayr,1878, Messor semirufus Smith, 1858, Cataglypus setipes Forel, 1894, Meranoplus bicolor Guerin-Meneville,1844, Cardiocondyla mauritanica Forel, 1890, Aenictus wroughtonii Forel,1890, Polyrachis hauxwelli Bingham, 1903, Paratrechina longicornis Latreille, 1802, Nylanderia indica (Forel, 1894) and Tapinoma indicum Forel (1895). The species first time recorded from Pakistan were Camponotus angusticollis, Lepisiota capensis, Messor semirufus, Pheidole sykesi, Monomorium sagei, Nylanderia indica and Tapinoma indicum.
    [Show full text]