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William Banting and Bantingism: a Cultural History of a Victorian Anti-Fat Aesthetic Jaime Michelle Miller Old Dominion University

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William Banting and Bantingism: a Cultural History of a Victorian Anti-Fat Aesthetic Jaime Michelle Miller Old Dominion University Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons English Theses & Dissertations English Summer 2014 "Do You Bant?" William Banting and Bantingism: A Cultural History of a Victorian Anti-Fat Aesthetic Jaime Michelle Miller Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/english_etds Part of the Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Cultural History Commons, and the European History Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Jaime M.. ""Do You Bant?" William Banting and Bantingism: A Cultural History of a Victorian Anti-Fat Aesthetic" (2014). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, English, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/xda4-7y41 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/english_etds/59 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the English at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DO YOU BANT?” WILLIAM BANTING AND BANTINGISM: A CULTURAL HISTORY OF A VICTORIAN ANTI-FAT AESTHETIC by Jaime Michelle Miller B.A. May 2000, The College of William and Mary M.A. August 2002, Old Dominion University A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ENGLISH OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2014 ved by: Imtiaz HacihJDfrefctor) Manuela Mourao (Member) UMI Number: 3662236 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Di!ss0?t&Ciori P iib list’Mlg UMI 3662236 Published by ProQuest LLC 2015. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT “DO YOU BANT?” WILLIAM BANTING AND BANTINGISM: A CULTURAL HISTORY OF A VICTORIAN ANTI-FAT AESTHETIC Jaime Michelle Miller Old Dominion University, 2014 Director: Dr. Imtiaz Habib In the second half of the nineteenth century, a retired Victorian undertaker named William Banting (1796-1878) dramatically altered attitudes toward fat by initiating the profoundly consequential idea of the diet as a saleable commodity capable of marking identity within particular social and racial contexts and connecting obesity with degeneracy, illness, and evil. His work Letter on Corpulence Addressed to the General Public self-published in 1863 describes how, with physician William Harvey, Banting reduced his weight by nearly fifty pounds by following a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. Banting and his dieting phenomenon transformed the English cultural consciousness of fatness, and created a Victorian cultural craze that valorized slimness as a marker of privilege and prestige by drawing on the escalating regularization of medicine and the conventions of medical discourse that were increasingly popular among readers. Though there were both positive and negative reactions to Banting, his work undoubtedly became a subject of busy popular conversation, challenging and transforming Victorian notions of body, self, and power in social and national contexts. After its importation into India, the diet served as a way to maintain colonial control and to reify the English imagination of its imperial identity. It likewise established a form of control over Indian subjects of the British raj, who, after the Mutiny of 1857, were seen increasingly as a threat that needed to be addressed. A study of Banting’s work thus invites skepticism of the various ways such anti-fat discourses are deployed to further entrench hierarchies of power and preference. It also recognizes the perpetuation of the colonial episteme in modem discourses about healthful dietary practices. Copyright, 2014, by Jaime Michelle Miller, All Rights Reserved. This thesis is dedicated to my mother, who has always had faith in my dreams, and strength enough to see them through to fruition. She has been my best friend, staunchest supporter, greatest confidant, and biggest inspiration. She learned from my Granna, who taught me early in life about being fiercely independent and strong. It is also dedicated to my father, who supported me in every respect along the way. Finally, it is dedicated to my brother, whose tenacity and perseverance are an inspiration to me every day. To these people and the others who inspired me every day, there are no words to express my gratitude. Finally, it is dedicated to Dr. Jeffrey Richards, who inspired me more than I can convey. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There are many people who have contributed to the successful completion of this dissertation. Though only my name appears on the cover, a great many people have assisted with its production, and I owe my gratitude to all those people who have made this dissertation possible. First, I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my committee chair Professor Imtiaz Habib, whose genius has awed and inspired me beyond words. He continually and convincingly conveyed a spirit of fierce, meticulous dedication in regard to research and scholarship, and an unmatched devotion in regard to critiquing drafts. Without his guidance and persistent help, this dissertation would not have been possible. I am thankful for his unrelenting perfectionism and the countless hours of guidance he spent directing my research and helping with the editing of this manuscript. His untiring efforts deserve special recognition. I would also like to thank my committee members, Professor Manuela Mourao and Professor Chandra deSilva, for their assistance and encouragement. I am deeply grateful for the insightful comments and constructive criticisms provided at different stages of my research. I must acknowledgePunch for allowing me to reprint the Banting cartoons, The National Library of Australia for the permission to use the Banting Quadrille, and also the Bridgeman Art Library for the Allan’s Anti-Fat ads. I would also extend my gratitude to Library Media Specialist Heather Steinmiller for her research prowess and willingness to help find and document sources. Additionally, I must thank Kevin Smith, Director of York County Library Services, for helping me locate obscure titles, and I also thank his wife Ann Larkum for affording me a quiet, safe place to work. To my high school English teachers Melinda Cunningham and Lee Wallace, I extend my heartfelt gratitude for their enthusiasm, support, editing, and encouragement. None of my academic endeavors would have been possible without their mentorship and eventual friendship. To my students at York High (past and present) and to choral teacher Tiffany Temple, I offer my sincere thanks for their assistance, especially with the Banting Quadrille and with the translations in Urdu and Hindi. To Janet Adams, I extend my thanks for the miles traveled and the lessons taught. Many friends have helped me to persevere through these difficult years. Their support and care helped me overcome setbacks and stay focused. I greatly value their friendship and I deeply appreciate their belief in me. To the members of the York High English Department particularly, and to the administrative professional staff there, I am deeply indebted. I warmly appreciate the generosity and understanding of my extended family there: you are indeed my sisters. Most importantly, none of this would have been possible without the love and patience of my family. My immediate family has been a constant source of love, concern, support, and strength all these years. I would like to express my heart-felt gratitude to my family for having aided and encouraged me throughout this endeavor. Without their understanding and unflagging optimism, the project could not have come to fruition. Lastly, I offer my regards and gratitude to all of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the project. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................ x Chapter I. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 1 LITERATURE SURVEY.........................................................................................15 METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................30 CHAPTER OUTLINES............................................................................................36 II. SETTING BANTING'S STAGE: DEVELOPMENTS, DOCTORS’ DISCOURSE AND DEVIANT QUACKERY....................................................... 40 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................40 MEDICINE AND ITS MODERNIZATION IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND 44 VICTORIAN PUBLICATIONS AND SELF-HELP TEXTS............................... 52 PRECURSORS OF BANTING'S OBESITY DISCOURSE..................................57 ANTI-FAT DISCOURSE DEVELOPMENTS...................................................... 82 III. BANTING AND HIS MUCH MALIGNED
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