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0262082225.Pdf < BACK Global Networks Computers and International Communication Edited by Linda M. Harasim Preface I Overview 1 Global Networks: An Introduction Historical Context Electronic Mail Computer Conferencing Televirtuality The Global Village: Concepts and Prophets Organization of This Book August 1993 ISBN 0-262-08222-5 Part 1: Overview: From Technology to Community 424 pp., 18 illus. Part 2: Issues in Globalizing Networks $60.00/£38.95 (CLOTH) Part 3: Applications of Global Networking ADD TO CART Part 4: Visions for the Future 2 Networlds: Networks as Social Space Networlds Networks as Place Social Networlds Networkplaces Educational Networlds Human Communication in the Networld Anyplace Communication Anytime Communication Group Interactivity Computer Mediation Socializing the Networld: Shaping Networks into Networlds Purpose: Task Structures Place: Spatial Structures Population: Group Roles Democratizing the Networld Networks: Freedom or Control? Globalization: Centralization or Decentralization? Access: Different Networks, Different Citizens Policy: Role of the User Conclusions 3 The Global Matrix of Minds NSFNET Population Resource Naming Resource Access Information Access People Resource Sharing Communication Places Travel Communities Politics Economics Legal Issues Society Boundaries Political Time Language Organizational Size Charging Conclusion 4 A Slice of Life in My Virtual Community A Cybernaut's Eye View Social Contracts, Reciprocity, and Gift Economies in Cyberspace Who Is the WELL? My Neighborhood on the WELL Conclusion II Issues 5 Jurisdictional Quandaries for Global Networks Extraterritoriality What Constitutes Information Property? Jurisdictional Barriers to Access Varying Definitions of Miscreant Behavior New Forms of Communication: Which Laws and Whose Laws Apply? New Kinds of Communities: Network Governance New Forums for the Resolution of Disputes: Harmonization of Legal Systems Globalization and Its Implications Critical Strategic Issues: People and Organizations Information Technology as a Competitive Weapon Competitive Advantage or Competitive Necessity? Organization Structure and Coordination Major Organizational Forms Geographic versus Product Group Organization Structure--Multiple Power Centers Hetarchic Organizations and EC 92 Teams Strategic Opportunities: Overview Teams: Opportunity for Competitive Advantage Conclusions Acknowledgments 8 Cross-Cultural Communication and CSCW CSCW and Groupware The Iceberg and Human Communication From HCI to HHI Cross-Cultural Groupware? The Decision-making Process and Nemawashi Face-to-Face Meetings Conclusion Acknowledgments 9 Global Networking for Local Development: Task Focus and Relationship Focus in Cross-Cultural Communication Groups, Tasks, and Relationships Relationship-Focused Communities and Task- Focused Groups The Value of Having Both Task and Relationship Focuses Intra-, Inter-, and Cross-Cultural Communication Intracultural Communication Intercultural Communication Cross-Cultural Communication Perspectival Enrichment: The Virtue of Cross- Cultural Networking for Intercultural Communication Task-Focused Networks for Relationship-Focused Communities: Cross-Cultural Applications for Intercul... Task Focus or Relationship Focus? Not Either/Or, but Both/And Information Security: New OECD Initiatives Status Of The OECD Project on Information Security OECD's Mission Other Initiatives Conclusions III Applications 11 Building a Global Network: The WBSI Experience The WBSI Experience Building a Community Inventing a Pedagogy Designing an Educational Interface Conclusion 12 Computer Conferencing and the New Europe The European Context The Role of the Commission of the European Communities The Added Value of Electronic Networks Cultural Awareness Language Learning Efficient and Flexible Education and Training Facilitating Business Partnerships and Community Projects Research and Development on Advanced Technologies ELNET Case Study "Virtual College" Design Technological Infrastructure Organizational Issues Curriculum Integration Language Learning Summary of ELNET Outcomes Conclusions 13 Global Education through Learning Circles Change in the Role of Teaching and Learning The Use of Communication Technology in the Classroom Global Education through Learning Circles Phases of a Learning Circle Global Education in the Local Context Perspective Consciousness State-of-the-Planet Awareness Development of Teachers Global Networking 14 Technology Transfer in Global Networking: Capacity Building in Africa and Latin America The Internationalization of BESTNET The Need for Networking in the Developing World The Problem of the Last Mile The AFRINET Project Networking the AAS and BESTNET in AFRINET Distributed Global Nets Developing South-South Communications with Latin America Addressing Information Needs in Development The Future of Global Networks 15 Islands in the (Data)Stream: Language, Character Codes, and Electronic Isolation in Japan Setting Sail: The Japanese Writing System Treacherous Waters: Platforms, Standards, and Other Characters Archipelagos and Islands: Isolation and Parallel Realms Isolation in Tokyo Bay: The Case of TWICS The Nature of the Community and Its Communication Needs The Influences of Language, Character Codes, and Environment Global Directions: Building Bridges for the Future People's Republic of China Taiwan Korea Japan Conclusion 16 Cognitive Apprenticeship on Global Networks Cognitive Apprenticeship and Learning Environments Online Mentorship and Peer Collaboration Domain Knowledge and Knowledge-Building Strategies Scaffolding Reflection Exploration Sequencing Instruction Peer Collaboration for Expert Practice Cross-Cultural Awareness Case Study 18 Social and Industrial Policy for Public Networks: Visions for the Future Framing a Policy Approach to the International Public Network Protect Free Expression by Promoting Common- Carriage Regimes Encourage the Growth of Interconnected, Market- Based, Network Communications Services Commercial Network Service Providers Expand Access Target Government Support Directly to Users, Not GovernmentSelected Carriers Research Agenda: Standard Financial Settlement Practices for Interconnecting Networks Allow Mixed Commercial and Noncommercial Use of Networks The NREN Implementation Plan Eliminate "Acceptable Use Policies" that Restrict the Flow of Information on Public Networks The Need for Service Classifications Conclusion 19 Co-Emulation: The Case for a Global Hypernetwork Society From Networks Today to Hypernetworks Tomorrow Informatization in Historical Perspective Informatization as an Economic Transition Informatization as a Sociological Transition Informatization as a Civilizational Transition How the Hypernetwork Society Will Be Shaped Information Rights Intelprise as the Main Actor in the Wisdom Game Groupmedia as Enabling Technology Co-Emulation in the Global Hypernetwork Society New Guiding Principles for the Global Network Society "Japanese" Ways to Contribute to Global Problems Conclusion: Global Co-Emulation 20 Sailing through Cyberspace: Counting the Stars in Passing Civility Conviviality Reciprocity Harmony Conclusion 21 The Global Authoring Network Epilogue The GAN Process Outcomes Moderating Group Review Impacts Networking Technology Design Prologue: Looking Ahead Appendix: A Sampler of Global Network Addresses Contributors Notes References Index Preface Global networks are increasingly a part of our work and social life today. To illuminate and guide our participation in this process of transformation, this book examines global networking from a multi­ plicity of viewpoints: social, educational, political, and work-related. The interdisciplinary nature of the book is itself a networking of themes, analyzing the subject from diverse but interrelated perspec­ tives. The contributors to this volume, all experts in their fields, provide timely and critical analyses of networking from different disciplines as well as from different geographic viewpoints: North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Europe. At another level, the book is a testament to global networking, since the process of producing it involved networking the contributors over a period of four months in what came to be known as the GAN: the Global Authoring Network. The GAN used computer networks to link contributors in a group review of each chapter (see chap. 21 by Harasim and Walls for a discussion of the process). The networkers were net­ worked. New linkages and connectivities among networking theorists and practitioners were established. I thank the contributors to this volume, who shared their ideas, research, and expertise as well as their commitment to a vision of how global networking can make the world a better place. It has been a pleasure to work with you, to learn from you, and to have your contri­ butions in this volume. The process of networking with the chapter authors on the GAN contributed to enhancing our unity of purpose and vision for the book as well as enhancing the sense of the person­ alities behind the chapters. It was a lot of work, but there were many Preface good times as our conversations on the network brought smiles, laughs, and new insights. Through our network interactions, the book came alive. I especially thank Jan Walls, an enthusiastic supporter of the book and the GAN from the outset. For those authors unable to participate on the GAN, I had the opportunity and pleasure of working with you using a variety of new communication media that enabled significant dialogue between
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