ELABORATION ABOUT THEMATIC CULTURAL ROUTE

Project „CULTROUTE“

IPA HUHR/1101/1.2.3/0021

Made by: „Poduzetnički centar Beli Manastir“ d.o.o.

January, 2016.

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

THE MUNICIPALITY OF PETLOVAC

Geografical and geotraffical position

The Municipality of Petlovac is located in the northeastern part of the Republic of Croatia and is a part of the Osijek-Baranja County and natural and geographical entity called Baranja, situated in a triangle made by the Drava and the Danube River and a national border of the Republic of Hungary.

The Municipality of Petlovac is territorially entirely part of the mid-northern part of the Osijek- Baranja County and the north-western part of Baranja. The territory of the Municipality of Petlovac borders with the territory of the town of Beli Manastir in the northeast, the Municipality of Jagodnjak in the southeast, the territory of the town of Valpovo in the south, the territory of the town of Belišće in the southwest and west, while the northern part of the Municipality borders with the Republic of Hungary. Such geotraffical position in a way limits the traffic connection system and its development. Road traffic is the only traffic branch used to connect the Municipality with its closer and broader surrounding area on routes of two following state roads: D517 and D211. The traffic bridge over the Drava River by the town of Belišće has a great influence on the quality of an area traffic flow, and a planned counstruction of a highway along the Vc corridor will enable the Municipality an access to the European highway traffic network.

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

Land area, population, population density

The land area of the Municipality of Petlovac is 9.384 ha or 93,84 km², thus covering 2,2% of the County land area. According to the population census of 2011, the area of the Municipality of Petlovac was populated by 2.405 inhabitants.

Table 1.

Population of the County and the Municipality by census years

Area 1981. 1991. 2001. 2011. The Osijek-Baranja County 356.286 367.193 330.506 305.032 The Municipality of Petlovac 3.730 3.785 2.743 2.405

The general trend of both the County and the Municipality population movement indicates the same – the intense decrease in the number of population in the years after the 1991. The period between the year 1991 and 2011 shows a natural and a mechanical reduction in the number of population. That is in connection with the fact that the area of the Municipality of Petlovac was, the same as the whole area of Baranja, affected by war and occupied from 1991 to 1998. During that period, the occupator performed coercive war migration that forced the greater part of population to leave their homes. In the year 1998 the rennovation started as well as the return of the refugees, but not all of them returned, which can be seen in the number of inhabitants from 2001 and 2011.

The inhabitants of the Municipality in 2011 lived in nine different settlements, whereby one of them (Sudaraž) was not inhabitated.

Table 2.

The number of inhabitants in the Municipality's settlements by census years

Rank Settlement 1991. 2001. 2011. 1. Baranjsko Petrovo Selo 779 570 525 2. Luč 735 487 435 3. Novi Bezdan 376 329 300 4. Novo Nevesinje 115 73 63 5. Petlovac 1.012 801 714 6. Sudaraž - - - 7. Širine 170 86 58 8. Torjanci 476 317 267 9. Zeleno Polje 122 80 43 Total (Municipality) : 3.785 2.743 2.405

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

It is important to notice that four of those settlements (Novo Nevesinje, Sudaraž, Širine i Zeleno Polje) were declared independent settlements in 1991. Until then, each of those settlements were a part of some other settlements and because of that, the comparison with the number of inhabitants from 1981 can not be drawn and taken into account. It is evident that the number of inhabitants decreased in each of the Municipality's settlement.

The age structure of population is acutely unfavorable and is marked by the feature of extremely deep demographic age. Taking into account all above mentioned, it can be concluded that the demographic picture of the Municipality is not favorable.

Settlements

The Municipality of Petlovac consists of 9 settlements – Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, Luč, Novi Bezdan, Novo Nevesinje, Sudaraž, Širine, Torjanci i Zeleno Polje – with the settlement Petlovac being the Municipality's centre. The most populated settlement is Petlovac, and Sudaraž is an uninhabited settlement that is slowly dying out.

The characteristical style of architecture in the Municipality's settlements are low housing, mostly single-storey free-standing or semi-integrated buildings on the construction sites of great depth, generally over 100 meters. By its specific features, Sudaraž, Širine and Zeleno Polje stand out by having a status of the so-called „pustara“ (barren area) of Baranja's Drava area. They are examples of many Belje pustaras1 that emerged by the end of the first part and in the second part of the 19th century. Nowadays, those areas are relatively deserted. The preserved remains show the characteristic way of building and planning of those production and housing units that consisted of the primary production unit and grouped residential buildings, situated hundred meters away from it. The administrative building, that was usually situated within a small park, was located nearby the commercial and residential buildings. By its urbanistic organization and architectual excellence, the Baranja pustaras, that is, Belje pustaras are uniqe in whole Croatia.

1 see Kornelija Pacanović Zvečevac, „Pustare Baranje – ponos ili sramota“, The branch of the Matica hrvatska's Yearbook in Beli Manastir, br. 6/2009, Beli Manastir, 2010. Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

The structure of land by the utilization categories

Table 3.

Land category Surface (ha) Structure % Total agricultural area 5.467 58,3 Forests 2.547 27,1 Giant reed areas and swamps 153 1,6 Watercourses and channels 625 6,7 Arid land 592 6,3 Total: 9.384 100

As it is seen from the table, in the Municipality's stucture of land, the most common are agricultural areas followed by forest areas. Building sites do not belong to the cadastral category so they are not mentioned here. The total surface occupied by the building sites in the Municipality amounts 669,05 ha, that is, 7,1% of the Municipality area.

Natural characteristics of the Municipality of Petlovac

a) Terrain

„ The area of the Municipality of Petlovac belongs to the wider area of the Baranja lowland belonging to the Osijek-Baranja County, that is, a wider geographic region of Eastern Croatia. Today's appearance and characteristics of the wider area's terrain, including the land relief of the Municipality of Petlovac, was formed by tectonic processes, watercourses, and climate changes from the Pleistocene period up to today, which interacted and led to the creation of complex morphological forms. In the wider area of Baranja, there are three basic terrain types: lowland (fluvial and fluvial-wetland), plain (loess plateau) and upland (tectonic). Morphostructurally, the lowlands fall into the category of the accumulative-tectonic and the plains (loess plateau), and Ban's hill into the category of accumulation-denudation relief (A. Bognar, 1980).

The lowlands are the most widespread terrain type in the wider area, among which stand out alluvial plain and terrace plain (older Holocene, earlier and latter Wurm terrace). The area of the Petlovac Municipality is in its whole the lowland area in which there can be identified all types of the mentioned lowland relief. The lowland area of the Municipality of Petlovac belongs to the lowland area of the Drava River, which is the most widespread lowland area in the wider area, considering that it covers over the half of Baranja.

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The alluvial plain of Drava is elongated and slightly leaned towards northwest-southeast 56 km along. The lowest hight above sea of the northwest terrain is from 90 to 91 m.

Within the alluvial plain three sectors are differentiated, and the first one, from Torjanci to Osijek, is shaped by meandering. In a such shaped terrain emerged backwaters, beams, and smaller armlets. The alluvial plain can be divided into a higher (86-90m) and a lower (82-86m) level. Alluvial plain is a part of a hollow formed by erosion which the Drava River formed and filled with its sediments since the beginning of the earlier Pleistocene.

Above the alluvial plain of Drava, in the cascade form, rises the area of latter Holocene and latter and early Wurm Drava terrace. Belonging to somewhat higher grounds, they consist of fluvial loess, being 3-6 m thick. Underlying the river terrace, there are sand and clay.

The latter Wurm Drava terrace is not integral but is divided by the alluvial plain of the Karašica River into the northern, smaller part, the small part of which in the area of the Municipality of Petlovac can be regarded as the southern as well, and the other, greater part. Fluvial sediments are covered by the layers of loess, being up to the 20,0 m thick.

The area of early Wurm and late Holocene terrace is sediment of the Drava river. These terraces are as well consisted of fluvial loess and the similar sediments, such as sand and gravel. Both terraces are a part of the shallow hollow, formed by erosion that the Drava River formed and filled with sediments after the Wurm period. In the area of the Municipality, fluvial terraces are drain areas thus being more convenient for habitation, that is the settlement forming. That is why the settlements were formed in the northen part of the Municipality, at an altitude of 88m-95,5m.“

Table 4.

The average height above sea level

Rank Settlement The average height above sea level (m) 1. Baranjsko Petrovo Selo 89 2. Luč 91 3. Novi Bezdan 89 4. Novo Nevesinje 91,5 5. Petlovac 93 6. Sudaraž 93,6 7. Širine 90 8. Torjanci 88 9. Zeleno Polje 95,5

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

b) Climate

The climate features of the Municipality of Petlovac area are the same as the features of a wider Baranja area and the Eastern Croatia area in which prevails moderate continental climate characterized by frequent and intense weather changes, as well as homogeneity of climate characteristics, caused by the small differences in relief of the terrain.

The mean annual temperature in the Municipality of Petlovac area was obtained from measurements at the meteorogical stations in the immediate vicinity of the Municipality, and range from 10,7°C (meteorological stations Osijek and Brestovac) to 11,0°C (meteorological stations Osijek and Donji Miholjac), according to the measurements taken in the period from 1978 to 1998.

Average monthly air temperatures rise by July, when reaching the maximum (21,4°C Osijek, 21,6° C-Donji Miholjac and 21,9°C Brestovac), followed by a decline. The lowest temperatures were recorded in January with a minimum temperature (-1,4°C Osijek, -1,3°C Brestovac, and -1,1°C Donji Miholjac).

Maksimum air temperatures occur in the summer months. The absolute maximum temperature was measured in Osijek, in July – 40°C, in Donji Miholjac – 39,2°C, and in Brestovac – 38°C. Minimum temperatures occur in the winter half of the year, and the absolute minimum of -27,4°C was recorded in Brestovac, -26,0°C in Donji Miholjac, -25,4°C in Osijek. The likelihood of reoccurrence of such an extreme temperature is very slight.

The average annual precipitation recorded in this area ranges from 638 mm (Brestovac), 645 mm (Kneževo), 648 mm (Branjin Vrh), 685,7 mm (Osijek) to 753,2 mm (Donji Miholjac). Two pairs of extremes are noted here. The main maximum in precipitation – occurs in early summer (usually in June), and a secondary one in the late autumn in September. The main minimum in precipitation – occurs in mid-autumn in October, and the secondary one in late winter or early spring in February or March. What is also characteristic is a very high variability of precipitation regime, as well as the frequent deviations from it.

Precipitation in the form of a snow on average occurs 20,5 days in Baranja, that is, 26 days in the Osijek area and does not stay for long. Also, there are frequent deviations from this standard, as well. c) Hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics

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The Municipality of Petlovac belongs to the water area of the Drava and the Danube River drainage basin and is in its whole a part of ''Baranja'' drainage basin area. Drainage basin area ''Baranja'' includes the northeastern part of the Osijek-Baranja County and is located between the Drava and the Danube River. The area borders with the Danube River in the east, in the north and the west with the state border of the Republic of Hungary, and in the south with the Drava River. Within this area there are three different sectors: the Drava, the Danube and the Karašica sector. The area of the Municipality of Petlovac north of the Baranjsko Petrovo Selo-Bolman road belongs to the Karašica sector, and south of the road to the Drava sector.

Along the Drava river in the Municipality area, the continuous zone of forests is spread. Those are mostly soft-leaved forests with rare oak trees and artificially raised Euro-American poplar and willow that form the mosaic with the natural black and white poplar forests, willow and ash. In addition to forest vegetation, there are the areas of mosaic grassland species, low vegetation, and cutivable land.

Protected natural areas and cultural goods

a) Protected natural areas

The natural heritage in the Municipality of Petlovac is in no category protected by the ''Nature Protection Act'' of the Republic of Croatia.

b) Cultural heritage

"Most of the settlements in the Municipality of Petlovac retained the original typology and historical matrix. Ambientally preserved appearance of settlements-villages outside the main routes is characterized by still relatively rich fund of traditional buildings that, with their typological diversity, formal, and decorative values, form an integrated circuit in which are stored all the core values of local architecture.

New forms of architecture disturbed the rural traditional standards, especially in villages located along the main road. Part of the traditional architecture has no monumental features anymore because the historical objects were too radically adapted to modern needs or traditional lots degraded by removing numerous older buildings and building the new storey buildings that do not fit in style with lines of traditional ground floor houses. The streets are degraded by pulling new houses out of regulation line and constructing the atypical residential and commercial buildings. "

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The major systematic explorations of the historical area in the Municipality of Petlovac have not been performed yet. Partly because there have been the cases of a major devastation of religious monuments, churches, chapels and crucifixes that have occured due to not frequent enoug or improfessional maintenance by using unsuitable replacement materials and methods. In addition to the rural areas of the Municipality of Petlovac, there are also individually protected secular and religious buildings, archaeological sites, and ethnological monuments and memorials related to the labor movement and the Second World Wa,r and the collections of mobile items in the churches.

Registered and preventively protected cultural heritage in the Municipality of Petlovac:

1. Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, St. Lawrence Church, No. 370/94. 2. Petlovac, Parish Church of the Discovery of the St. Cross, No. 370/94. 3. Torjanci, Parish Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, No. 370/10/94. 4. Luč, Parish Church of St. Mary Magdalene, reg. No. 547. 5. Petlovac, Ancient archaeological site ''Grobljanska poljana'', reg. No. 387. 6. '' Popova zemlja'', Ancient archaeological site, reg. No. 713.

The recorded archaeological sites in the Municipality of Petlovac:

1. Luč ''Dinjište'' – Ancient archaeological site 2. Luč ''Henja'' – Medieval archaeological site

Cultural heritage of local importance in the Municipality of Petlovac:

1. Petlovac, the Traditional house, Nova ulica 13 2. Torjanci, the Ambar in Kneževa ulica 39 3. Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, the Common grave for the fallen soldiers located between the local cemetery and the road 4. Novo Nevesinje, the Memorial plaque in honor of the fallen soldiers of the National Liberation War and the Victims of Fascist Terror 5. Torjanci, the Monument honouring the fallen soldiers of the NLW and the VFT, Graničarska ulica 6. Zeleno Polje, the Memorial plaque on the building of the military court 7. Petlovac, the Monument to fallen soldiers

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

Natural potential and use of resources

a) Agricultural land

Agricultural land is one of the most important natural resources and is because of its natural resource value under a special protection of the Republic of Croatia. This renewable natural resource in the area of the Republic of Croatia is of a relatively good fertility and is one of the best preserved natural resources in comparison to the neighboring countries. In the Municipality of Petlovac the agricultural area covers 5,468 ha, that is 58.3% of the total area of the Municipality. Arable land amounts to 5,318 ha, which is 56.7% of the total area of the Municipality. The arable land consists of ploughlands 96.2%, orchards 0.2%, vineyards 0.1%, and meadows 3.5%. The remaining arable land consists of pastures totaling 150 ha, that is 2.7% of total agricultural land. In the Municipality of Petlovac forests cover 2,547 ha, that is 27,1% of the total area of the Municipality. Part of the Municipality consists of barren soil as well, that occupy 1,216 hectares, or 13% of the territory of the Municipality.

b) Forest areas

As a renewable and lasting national resource, forests and forest land were declared by the Constitution as The good of the general interest for the Republic of Croatia. In addition to their importance for the development of some branches of industry, forests are essential in the development of tourism and hunting economy. Forests and forest land occupy 27.1% of the total area of the Municipality of Petlovac. The forests managed by Hrvatske šume are spread through almost whole area of the Municipality of Petlovac. The majority of forests and forest lands are located in the southwestern part of the Municipality, in the Drava inundation, that is, in a space that was once flooded. With the formation of the main Drava defensive embankment, the part of the forest territory was in the protected area (the forest south of Torjanci, Novo Nevesinje and Novi Bezdan). Other forests are private properties but there are very few of them in the Municipality area. The forests in the Municipality of Petlovac belong to the commercial units: the Forests of Jagodnjak, the Forests of Torjanci, and the Forests of Valpovačka podravina and they are administrated by the forestry of Baranjsko Petrovo Selo and the forestry of Valpovo. They are mostly man-made forests (cultures) of Euro-American poplar and willow forming a mosaic with natural forests of black and white poplar, willow, and ash.

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c) The hunting grounds and game species

According to its natural characteristics, the area of the Municipality of Petlovac is of noticeable quality when it comes to hunting and hunting economy. It contains parts of one state hunting ground and six common hunting grounds. These are:

- State-private open hunting ground no. XIV/10A "Podravlje" - Joint hunting unit No. 52. - Joint hunting unit No. 62. - Joint hunting unit No. 63. - Joint hunting unit No. 64. - Joint hunting unit No. 44. - Joint hunting unit No. 46.

State-private open hunting ground No. XIV / 10A "Podravlje" is established by the Decision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry as a private open hunting ground in areas owned by the state. This hunting ground covers the northeastern and southern part of Baranja, that is, the area between the Drava River and settlement Torjanci, Novo Nevesinje, Bolman and Jagodnjak. The hunting ground is of a lowland type with excellent conditions for development and residence of game. Out of game that naturally inhabit or are primarily bred, the most significant are: deer, roe deer, wild boar, pheasant, hare, partridge, mallard, coot.

Common hunting ground No. 62. belongs to the Pannonian type of hunting grounds. The lowland dominates and a small part in the east (above the town of B. Manastir) covers the western slopes of the Baranja mountain,the most distinct part of Baranja when it comes to relief. According to the information from the year 2000, the natural habitat on the hunting ground found: roe deer, 20 heads; hare, 40 heads; pheasant, 120 beaks; gray partridge 30 beaks. Among the other resident species of small game there are: fox (25 heads); badger (10 heads); mink (10 heads); small fox (10 heads); skunk (6 heads); hooded crow (40 beaks); rook (40 beaks); magpie (40 beaks); daw (40 beaks); jay (30 beaks). The seasonal small game species are also present, of which the significant ones are migratory resident birds (quail, mallard, grey goose, turtle dove, wood pigeon).

Common hunting ground No. 63. It is situated in the northeastern part of the Republic of Croatia along the national border that is both its eastern and northern border. This hunting ground belongs to the Pannonian type of a hunting ground with a completely plain relief (lowland). The game that

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naturally inhabits or is primarily bred there: roe deer, 10 heads; hare, 80 pcs .; pheasant, 100 beaks; partridge, 50 beaks. During the Croatian War of Independence, the hunting ground was inaccessible to the Croatian authorities, and at that time the illegal activities (poaching) occured, which resulted in the degradation of the hunting ground state and the decline in quality of game.

Common hunting ground No. 64. is located north of the town of Beli Manastir along the state border, that is also its northwestern border. Hunting unit No. 64 is the Pannonian hunting ground. By the Act on the establishment of the hunting area it was regulated the type and the number of game that naturally inhabitates or is primarily bred in this area, as follows: roe deer, 16 heads; hare, 40 pieces; pheasant, 80 beaks; partridge, 40 beaks. A hunting management basis for this hunting ground was formed in 2000, for the period until the 31 of March 2010. It affirmed the following state of game (for 2000): roe deer, 20 heads; hare, 40 pieces; pheasant, 180 beaks; partridge, 40 beaks. The other resident species of small game: fox, 20 heads; badger, 10 heads; martens, 10 heads; small fox, 10 heads; ferret, 6 throats; hooded crow, 40 beaks; rook, 40 beaks, magpie, 40 beaks; daw, 40 beaks; jay, 30 beaks. At the time when the hunting ground was not accessible to the Croatian authorities, the poaching was common, which resulted in the degradation of a habitat and the decline in the quality of game. The part of the hunting area is still mined and therefore not used for hunting activities.

Common hunting ground No. 52. is established by the Decision of the Assembly of the Osijek- Baranja County (County Gazette No. 5/96.) on a total area of 3,647 ha, which is by its biggest part located in the Municipality of Petlovac. Hunting ground occupies the northern and northwestern part of the Municipality and belongs to the Pannonian type of hunting grounds. Those are mainly agricultural areas that are convenient as a habitat for breeding and residence of a roe deer and wild boar. Small game that is present: hare, pheasant and gray partridge. In the hunting ground find their natural habitat or are primarily bred the following game species: roe deer (56 heads), hare (158 pcs.), pheasant (466 beaks) and partridge (75 beaks). The common hunting area No. 44 belongs to the Pannonian type of hunting grounds. A game management capacity is as follows: roe deer (72 animals); hare (222 pieces); pheasant (1008 beaks); partridge (120 beaks).

Common hunting ground No.46. is located in the southeastern part of the Municipality and occupies the very small part of it. The hunting ground covers an area of 1,632 ha. The Municipality of Petlovac owns 22 ha of this hunting ground. In the hunting ground there are naturally habitated or primarily bred the following game species: roe deer, hare, pheasant and partridge beaks. The common hunting ground No.46 belongs to the Pannonian type of hunting grounds.

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The economic potential

a) Tourism

The entire area of Baranja, including the Municipality of Petlovac, is showing a slight recovery in a sphere of economics, tourism, and hotel and catering, caused by the temporary war occupancy. The area of Baranja has in the previous touristic framework mainly been known for its natural resources - water streams, forests, protected natural areas, agricultural land of high fertility, richness and diversity of flora and fauna. In addition to all the above mentioned, the important elements of the tourist offer were a preserved rural area with a rich and diverse cultural, historical and folklore heritage, and a famous cuisine.

The revitalization and exploitation of those resources is gradual. However, in the meantime, there have been significant changes in the structure of tourist demand on the international level and changes in choosing destinations. Also, in this region, there was an interruption of transit flows and the neglection of hospitality facilities.

The rural area of the Municipality of Petlovac in the context of hospitality facilities offers only a few types of hospitality facilities, such as coffee bar and buffet, reflecting the modest gastronomic offer. As for the accommodation capacity in the Municipality of Petlovac, they are intended for hunters and are placed within the hunting house (HL '' Pheasant '' Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, about 5 beds in an old watchtower and HL ''Vidra'' Luč, with about 5 beds). The aforementioned facilities are of closed type and are designed for hunters' stay during the hunt.

In the Municipality and outside the settlement zone, there are natural areas which are known as tourist and recreation destinations. One of the most famous one is the area ''Bakanga'', located at the sleeve of the Drava River, southeast of the village Novo Nevesinje. It is a well-known and traditional picnic area for the locals.

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Along the Baranjsko Petrovo Selo village, and the canal Dravica (Old Drava), there is also a natural area, which is popular with sports fishermen and picnickers.

In the Municipality area there are traditionally held certain events that have a specific touristic potential and attract many visitors. Among these manifestations are the traditional futsal tournament in Petlovac and Baranjsko Petrovo Selo. They gather up to 1,500 visitors. Among the manifestations there must be sinled out the "Petaračke buše" manifestation, which are held in February in the Baranjsko Petrovo Selo and gather up to 2,000 visitors. This manifestation also presents and preserves the rich folk traditions of the people living in these areas.

During May, in the village of Novi Bezdan, there is held a traditional event – the setting-up of the May tree. This manifestation, that contributes to the preservation of the customs of people in this area, gathers up to 500 visitors.

Social Affairs

a) Education

Primary education

In the Municipality of Petlovac there are operating 4 district schools that belong to the parent primary school in the village of Šećerana, and the district school Novi Bezdan, in which classes are held in Hungarian language, which is a part of the parent school Zmajevac in the Municipality of Kneževi Vinogradi. The mentioned district schools belonging to the parent school "Šećerana" operate in Luč, Petlovac, Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, and Torjanci and include pupils from Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, Luč, Petlovac, Sudaraž, Širine, Torjanci, and Zeleno Polje.

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The Novi Bezdan district school includes pupils from Novi Bezdan. The pupils from Novo Nevesinje go to a district school in Bolman and elementary school Jagodnjak for 5th-8th graders.

Pre-school education

In Petlovac, within the district school, in cooperation with kindergarten "Cvrčak" from Beli Manastir, there is organized a pre-school education. A primary six-hour program of preschool education is conducted in the kindergarten for children living in the Municipality of Petlovac, starting from three-year-old children to school age children.

b) Health care

Health care in the Municipality of Petlovac is provided by one ambulance with one medical team of general practitioners, located in Baranjsko Petrovo Selo. Mentioned ambulance is used by the residents of Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, Novi Bezdan, Novo Nevesinje, and Torjanci.

c) Culture

Houses of culture in which social and other public gatherings are held can be found in Petlovac, Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, Novi Bezdan, and Torjanci. In the village of Luč the house of culture was destroyed during the war.

d) Religious Institutions

In the Municipality of Petlovac there are 5 Roman Catholic churches:

1. Parish Church of "the Discovery of the St. Cross" in Petlovac that serves to the residents of Petlovac, Zeleno Polje, and Širine 2. Parish Church of "St. Lawrence" in Baranjsko Petrovo Selo that serves to the residents of Baranjsko Petrovo Selo 3. Parish Church of "St. Mary Magdalene" in Luč that serves to the residents of Luč 4. Parish Church of "the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary'' in Torjanci that serves to the residents of Torjanci 5. Church of "St. Michael" in Novi Bezdan that serves to the residents of Novi Bezdan

e) Associations

In the Municipality of Petlovac operate following associations:

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A youth organization "PETLOVAC",

A youth organization for fostering traditions of Hungarians Novi Bezdan,

Women's Association Baranjsko Petrovo Selo,

Women's Association "FIJOLICE" Petlovac,

Women's Association "LUČANKE" Luč,

The Association of Croatian Homeland War disabled veterans Baranjsko Petrovo Selo,

Association of Pensioners of the Municipality of Petlovac,

The association of children and young people "Dom veselja"

f) Volunteer Fire Departments in the Municipality Petlovac:

VFD Petlovac - established in 1999.

VFD Novi Bezdan - established in 1999.

VFD Baranjsko Petrovo Selo - established in 2000.

VFD Luč - established in 2001.

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Sports and Recreation

In the Municipality of Petlovac, sport and recreation of the population is carried out at 3 football, and one basketball, and handball court located in Petlovac, Baranjsko Petrovo Selo and Luč.

In Petlovac there is an equipped sports park that consists of a football playground of FC "Petlovac", basketball, handball and children's playground intended for the residents of Petlovac, Zeleno Polje, and Širine. The construction of tennis and volleyball court is planned as well.

Baranjsko Petrovo Selo has a well-arranged football field belonging to the FC "Dinamo", but there is a need for basketball, handball and tennis court too.

In Luč there is a well-arranged football field belonging to the FC "Luč".

In the Municipality of Petlovac there are the following sports associations, clubs and societies:

FC "PETLOVAC" Petlovac,

FC "Dinamo" Baranjsko Petrovo Selo,

FC "Luč" Luč,

FC "RADNIK" Novi Bezdan,

FC "GRANIČAR" Torjanci,

SFC "SOM" Petlovac,

SFC "ŠTUKA" Baranjsko Petrovo Selo,

Table-tennis club "B.P.SELO",

HA "FAZAN" Baranjsko Petrovo Selo,

HA "VIDRA" Luč,

SFA "GAKOVAC" Novi Bezdan.

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Utility services

a) Cemeteries

In the Municipality of Petlovac, six settlements has a graveyard. They are located in Petlovac and Torjanci within the construction area of a settlement, while the cemeteries in Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, Luč, Novi Bezdan, and Novo Nevesinje are located outside the construction area.

The transport infrastructure system

The formation of the transport system of the Municipality of Petlovac was conditioned by its elongated spatial form, its position along the state border with the Republic of Hungary and the Drava River as a southern border.

a) Road transportation

Road transportation is the dominant way of transportation in the Municipality. The main road is the D517 road that connects the town of Beli Manastir and the state road D7 with the town of Belišće and the D34 state road. The network of state, county and local roads that provide access to all settlements in the municipality links to the mentioned one. Due to its specific location between the state border and the Drava River, Torjanci has a one-sided approach to the route of the county road.

There is a public bus transport organized in the Municipality, and in the area of Baranjsko Petrovo Selo there is an international road border crossing.

Literature:

Spatial Plan of the Municipality of Petlovac http://www.petlovac.hr/

The Republic of Croatia - Central Bureau of Statistics http://www.dzs.hr/

"Tri stoljeća Belja", Yugoslav Academy of Arts and Sciences, Osijek, 1986.

" Slavonija, Baranja i Srijem – vrela europske civilizacije", Klovićevi dvori Gallery, Zagreb, 2009.

" Hrvatska Baranja" StudiaEthnologica vol. 4, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Philosophy - Ethnological Institute, Zagreb, 1992.

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PETLOVAC

Petlovac

"Even in Roman times, Petlovac was of a great strategic importance. Right next to Petlovac, a little bit in the southeast, stretches a two meters high mound which is in popular memory recorded as the "Roman moat", which is actually a part of the Roman Limes. The Romans built their defensive embankment to prevent the enemies penetrating from the north. A newer settlement, today Petlovac, was founded by the Belje seigniory in 1752. In fact, in this place there were dense forests and the settling of the area lasted until the 1755. Historical sources clearly speak of the presence of Roman colonies during the fifth and the sixth century that came after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the area became the scene of the settlement of various people.

At the beginning of the seventh century, finally, Croats, that are probably baptized in the eight century, inhabit permanently. Historical documents indicate that in the nineth century, the area was inhabited by Hungarians who created their own state, and afterwards, a powerful medieval state union in 1102, composed by the Hungarian and Croatian Empire under the common crown of St. Stephen and common king Koloman. According to the credibility of the Canonical visitations, the settlement was inhabited since the Middle Ages and is named Baranya Szent-István or Baranja's Saint Stephen (according to some authors only Szentistván). This name was given because the village was in possession of Hungarian King St. Stephen and also possibly because he was the patron of the local church dedicated to St. Stephen.

Ottoman rule from the beginning of the XVI century actually caused the disappearance of the population and the desolation of the place. At the end of the XVII century, freeing Baranja from the Turkish rule, in the estate in 1698, entered a famous military leader and the defeater of the Ottoman force, Prince Eugene of Savoy, and established the Belje seigniory. In 1746, Petlovac is being settled by Germans Catholics from Alsace-Lorraine, the cutting of forests began and the current settlement Petlovac was gradually shaped. They named it Blumendorf (the flower village), and the reason can be seen even today in some of the old courtyards. There are various parks, and flower and plants labyrinths, especially in the Petlovac cemetery, which is almost in one of its third German. For example, in 1757, the village had 180 inhabitants, and they all belonged to the Catholic parish of Luč. The place had its own teacher, as it is normal for Germans who always considered education to be one of the most important aspects. Up until 1782, they celebrated their church patron St. Vendelin, but then the Pécs Bishop grog Eszterházy removed the picture of St. Vendelin from the altar and placed the picture of Christ Crucified, so they have since celebrated the Discovery of the

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St. Cross. The church was founded in 1856, and a Parish Church built in 1772. After Petlovac once separated from the Luč Parish in 1859, the first parish administrator of Petlovac became Ferninand Schreir, born in 1827 in Pécs, where he completed his studies and, in 1850, became a priest. He was a chaplain in Olasz, Batakszeku, Mohacs and Popovac. In 1862, he was appointed as the parish priest of Petlovac Parish and in 1864, he had to leave this area due to some disputes, so he made a transition to the Ibafa Parish. While living in Ibafa, he took the Hungarian surname and in 1864, Francis Xavier Pfleger came from the Ibafa Parish Church to Petlovac, and was awarded the gold cross for pious merits in 1877. The village was developing fast and already in 1859 it got its independent chaplain, and in 1861 even an independent parish, first parson of which was Ferdinand Schreier. The village was situated near to the feudal mill on the river Karašica and close to the large manor granary. At that time, there are already eight craftsmen: wheelwrights, coopers, weavers, tailors, and bricklayers. In Petlovac, the seigniory had their stables where they kept oxen, and a warehouse for oak cones. All of that enabled the people to build themselves a church 1795/6 of solid material instead of the wood and mud, as it was done before.

In the first half of the XIX century, the village had 755 inhabitants living in 97 homes, working in agriculture, in the first place in the Belje estate. The proximity of the forest had significant influence on the development of wheelwrights craft. The whole wheels were built and then successful sold even out of Baranja. Tracing the data it can be found that in the eastern part of the village there was a manorial charcoal kiln which produced a boiling quality hornbeam coal, not only for the village, but for the whole area, and it is well known that the city of Osijek also obtained its supplies from there. Petlovac in the beginning of the XX century had a brickyard, one of the 27 existing at that time in Baranja. Before the First World War, or even more precisely, according to the official census of 1910, the village had 926 inhabitants, most of which were German. After a tumultuous and tragic events and after the collapse of Austro-Ugraska monarchy in 1918, the southern part of Baranja was annexed to the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croatians, and Slovenians by the regulations of Tianon peace treaty from June 4, 1920, which caused the renaming of many places, including this village, that was now named Petlovac. According to the 1921 census, Petlovac had 1,196 residents and showed the increase in a number of population.

By the end of World War II, in 1944 here in Baranja, and in May 1945, the majority of the German population migrates from Petlovac, and a new government moves in people from Međimurje into their empty homes because of the similarity of land and the neighbouring tradition with Hungary. Already in 1948, the village had 1,227 inhabitants and today, according to the census of 2001, it has

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874 inhabitants. The demographic picture of even this Baranja's settlement is in the 21st century troubling and slowly moves in a direction of disappearance. " http://www.petlovac.hr/o-nama/povijest

Church of "the Discovery of the St. Cross"

The church of "the Discovery of the St. Cross" in Petlovac was built in 1772. Once separated from the Luč Parish, in 1859, the first administrator of Petlovac Parish became Ferninand Schreir, born in Pecs, where he completed his studies and in 1850 became a priest. He was a chaplain in Olasz, Batakszeku, Mohacs and Popovac. In 1862 he was appointed as the parish priest of Petlovac Parish Church and in 1864 he had to leave this area due to some disputes, so he made a transition to the Ibafa Parish. While living in Ibafa, he took the Hungarian surname Hangai, and in 1864, Francis Xavier Pfleger came from the Ibafa Parish to Petlovac, and was awarded the gold cross for pious merits in 1877.

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http://www.petlovac.hr/o-nama/zupe

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NOVI BEZDAN

Novi Bezdan

Novi Bezdan is located in the western part of Baranja, in the microregion of Baranja lowlands of the eastern Croatian plains. It is located 6 km southwest away from the municipal center Petlovac and 12 km southwest of Beli Manastir, and lies at an altitude of 90 m. It is located at the intersection of the county road 4040 (D517 – Novi Bezdan) and unclassified road, along the border with Hungary. There are bus connections with Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, Petlovac and Beli Manastir.

Traditionally, on the day of St. Anthony, there are the festivities in the village, an exhibition is organized in the Hungarian home as well as various competitions, such as fishing contests and a competition in cooking a fish stew. https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novi_Bezdan

The Folklore Society of Novi Bezdan

"The objectives of the Folklore Society of Novi Bezdan are preserving and restoring the local traditions and customs, and the fostering of the Hungarian language, folk songs, and dances. The Folklore Society of Novi Bezdan has 48 members, and achieves its goals thanks to the active work of sections such as the Women's Choir, Music section, and by organizing various events:

- Marking International Women's Day ceremony with an exhibition of handicrafts, with a program by a women's choir, and with giving flowers;

- Marking the national holiday of Hungarians on the 15th of March by laying wreaths and by performances by folk groups and choirs in the House of Culture;

- Mother's Day is celebrated by giving flowers and by a program performed by female choir and children;

- Dance around the May tree is the most important manifestation performed by the dance groups from Novi Bezdan as well as by groups from the other parts of Croatia and Hungary;

- The Christmas show is a collection of celebrations starting from St. Nicholas Day, Christmas Eve, Christmas, and well-wishers;

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- The idea about the organization of the celebrations of the Holy Kate and Elizabeth day, the goal of which is conservation of old customs by singing songs and recitations that are used when congratulating name day to all women named Kata and Erzsebet (Elizabeth)." http://www.petlovac.hr/zajednica/kulturno-umjetnicka-drustva

The Church of "St. Michael", Novi Bezdan

In 1935, on the initiative of teacher Belan, the foundation stone for a new church was laid, which was built in 1937 in remembrance of St. Michael. http://www.petlovac.hr/o-nama/zupe

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LUČ

Luč

The Luč Parish is located in the northwest of Baranja, on the border with the Republic of Hungary. The old village and parish are mentioned in Vatican archives in 1333. In the center of the village stands the parish church of "St. Mary Magdalene", which was built in antiquity and is therefore a protected cultural monument. After the Turks left, the residents did not settle in the old area but in the south, along the parish church, which used to be a half-hour walk away. The parish house at the new location was built in 1770, and it still the place where parson resides. The first parson about whom more details are known is Paul Liepi, who was born in Dubrovnik in 1665 and came to Luč as a parson in 1712. The parish has two branches: Šumarina and Belje settlement Širine. http://www.petlovac.hr/o-nama/zupe

The Church of St. Mary Magdalene

"The Church of St. Mary Magdalene in Luč is of great significance among the religious buildings in Baranja. The locals of Luč keep to the folk tradition saying that the church was built in Turkish times. It was, in fact, a military facility having the purpose of a Turkish warehouse and sorrounding it there was a Turkish cemetery. The folk tradition talks about the Postturkish time since inhabitants were not aware of the events happening in Baranja in the Middle Ages. From the canonical visitations of Pécs diocese we learn that in Luč there is a church of ancient origin and no one knows when exactly was it built. There we can also see that after the departure of the Turks from Baranja, a new church is not being built but the already existing one is being fixed and upgraded and a folk tradition retold by the locals is based on historical events.

The restauration prompted a more detailed examination and investigation. The boring work of plastered and painted layers of wall as well as the boring work and archaeological research of the

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soil. The findings shed a light on how the past looked like in this area and gave an important role to the church itself and to the village in the historical context of Baranja.

By analyzing the foundations of the church in Luč, there were identified three elements that characterize it as an early medieval building. The first element is the existence of fragments of Roman tiles with which the church was covered. The next element are the broken Roman bricks, and the third element are the marked dimensions of the oldest room. This leads us to the conclusion that the church in Luč can be connected with similar facilities created at the same time, such as the church of St. Elijah in Meraja in Vinkovci or romanesque benedictine abbey at Rudina near Požega. We have every right to debate whether the church in Luč was built in circumstances of legal provisions regarding the settlement and burial of the faithful near religious building (characteristical to the laws of the Hungarian-Croatian kings) or was it a church of the forgotten monastery, the historical sources of which are not known.

The discovery of the foundations of early medieval church in Luč must be taken into account when discussing the origin of the stone fragment of the altar partition found at the Sarkany site near Beli Manastir, even more because, in a time when the fragment was created, the only building of that

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type built of solid material was in Luč. From that it can be concluded that even before the mid 13th century there was a church built of solid material, damaged during the Tatar raid in 1241."

"Luč - time stopped or speech of the past," Milan Blašković, history prof., Yearbook of the Branch of Matica hrvatska in Beli Manastir, No. 8/2011, Beli Manastir, 2012.

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BARANJSKO PETROVO SELO

Baranjsko Petrovo Selo

Baranjsko Petrovo Selo is located in the Municipality of Petlovac and situated in the northwestern part of Baranja, on the road Belišće – Beli Manastir, 6 km away from the town of Belišće, 14 km from the center of Baranja, Beli Manastir, 1 km away from the Hungarian border, and 14 km away from the Hungarian city Siklós.

The origin of the name Baranjsko Petrovo Selo has not been recorded anywhere, but the locals say that it was named after some Peter, who lived in a village, but since there were more villages with that same name, the local designation for the region in which it is located was added. Hungarians called the village Pitarda, which means practically the same. Later, in everyday communication, the name Petarda become customary and is still in use today.

Baranjsko Petrovo Selo in historical sense shared the fate of the whole Baranja. Thus, in 1526, after the battle of Mohács, along with the rest of Baranja and Hungary, it came under the Turkish rule.

There is very little written information about Baranjsko Petrovo Selo during the Ottoman rule (1526- 1687). According to oral tradition, there was a mosque in the village that was at the site of the current local cemetery. As the Turks left, it was turned into a Catholic church.

In 1910, the railway connecting Beli Manastir – Baranjsko Petrovo Selo was built. The railway station in Baranjsko Petrovo Selo was opened in 1910. Unfortunately, the railroad was put out of use in 1966 due to its unprofitability and rails were removed and sold.

A post office was opened in 1884. School was mentioned in 1785, but the report also mentions that it was moved into the Beremend Parish. A school in Baranjsko Petrovo Selo was built in 1847 and had only one classroom. Classes were held in Croatian and Hungarian.

In 1903, in the town center, there was made a church dedicated to the martyr, St. Lawrence, who is still the titular of the church and is celebrated on the 10th of August. People call such a festivity kirvaj.

In Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, already in 1927, there is established a branch of the Croatian Peasant Party, as well as Economic unity organization. The Peasant unity organization is established, too, along with the tamburica, sports, folklore and other branches of Peasant unity organization.

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During the communism regime, many locals ended up in prison for their worldviews and attitudes and the village did not receive any funds for the construction of infrastructure. The village was not electrified, nor there was a proper concrete road going through it. Nevertheless, in 1962, the people financed electrification from their own funds. Thus, the first light bulb in Baranjsko Petrovo Selo was lit up on the 20th of August of that year, which was a turning point in all residents' life. By 1962, in the village there were only three radios that run on a generator or batteries. The first TV was owned by a local inn immediately after the introduction of electricity. In 1965, a road was built through the village on a Baranjsko Petrovo Selo – Torjanci route. In 1966, the government put the railroad Baranjsko Petrovo Selo – Beli Manastir out of the use, and in turn paved the road Baranjsko Petrovo Selo – Beli Manastir. The bus traffic was introduced, too. In the 1970s, a substantial number of the active population goes to work temporarily in Germany, which leads to a rise in living standards in the village.

In the early nineties, the Yugoslav People's Army had been arming Serbian villages. Well-armed Serbs, with the help of volunteers from Serbia, set up a blockade of roads and paralyzed a complete traffic connection in Baranja. The attack on the village started on the 22 of August 1991, around 5 pm, with the attack of the Yugoslav Air Force, which bombed the village center, as well as the positions of the local guard. Besides material damage, fortunately, there were no casualties. The management of the village made the decision to evacuate all the residents and that the evacuation will be carried out on the move Baranjsko Petrovo Selo - Skela, Belišće. From that day begins a seven-year agony of the population that is scattered all around Croatia. About 90% of the population took refuge and those who stayed were mostly older people.

Members of village guards formed Baranja battalion in the village of Bistrinci and enter the units of the National Guard, that is, the 107th brigade of the Croatian Army with headquarters in Valpovo. Over 130 local people actively participated in defense of the homeland. Some of them were killed in the war. Those who stayed in the village were subjected to terror and plunder. Seven civilians, locals of Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, were killed. The abandoned houses were being inhabited by Serbs from western Slavonia.

The locals of Baranjsko Petrovo Selo for the first time, after years of exile, on the Day of the Dead in 1996, visited their village. The authority slowly but surely became Croatian and it was on January 15, 1998 when the Croatian rule was established back. The reconstruction of houses began.

Franjo Kuna, "Baranjsko Petrovo Selo", Yearbook of the Branch of Matica hrvatska in Beli Manastir, No. 5/2008., Beli Manastir, 2009.

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Petarda's Busójárás

Carnival is a calendar custom taking place in the period between Epiphany (January 6) and Lent. The highlight of this event happens on the last Sunday, Monday and Tuesday before Ash Wednesday. It is marked by masked patrols, fun, joy, rage and licentiousness, and plenty of food and drink.

The origins of this custom are pre-Christian and foremost of the magic, apotropaic meaning: dressing up, putting on clothes inside out, deafening noise, scattering ash etc. was thought to chase off winter, demons, and evil forces and reject their effect away from people, livestock, homes and crops .

The closure of a carnival is a funeral procession in which the part take characters disgused in "fašnik", prosecutor, judge and executioner, who will eventually burn the "fašnik". Fašnik embodies all the evil that has happened over the last year, that is why he is condemned to death by burning, which makes the final act of wild carnival celebrations.

Centennial tradition of celebrating búše or fašange is a tradition held by Baranja's Šokci since the time of the Turks. Baranja locals associate carnival traditions with the remembrance of Šokci expelling Turks from Mohács. Busójárás are masked or disguised participants of carnival customs.

According to the research, Busójárás can be divided into two types: belonging to under Danubian area and under Drava area. We belong to the under Danubian type of Busójárás, which differ from the ones from Podravina in that they never have used wooden masks nor they were made. The difference also lies in the fact that Busójárás from Podravina never had the custom of lighting fires. Both groups named Busójárás according to their appearance and equipment: scary Busójárás and beautiful Busójárás.

Those three days of wild festivities in Baranjsko Petrovo Selo are called carnival Sunday, carnival Monday and carnival Tuesday. On Carnival Sunday, there are the least number of masked Busójárás. All save themselves for the last two days. On Monday, people start dressing up as soon as the lunch finishes and stay up late, usually singing and hanging out in bircuz. Friday is the main day, the culmination of carnival celebrations. Busójárás wander through the village the whole day, and in the evening, they end up in a pub, accompanied by tamburica players.

After midnight, one of Busójárás usually throw ashes on all present to clean them after the past sinful days.

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In our village, the carnival was alo considered as the foreign days, which means fairy or vampire days. There were some magical beliefs. Those days it was not recommended to spin wool, a bread should be baked so that pumpkins grow as bread grows, it was forbidden to mend believing that chickens will not be able to lay eggs – their behinds will be sewn etc. Carnival days are the days of abundance and diversity in jokes and food, joy and freedom.

Petarčani are always eagerly waiting for carnival, the crazy days before Ash Wednesday. Employed people take vacation, some even take a sick leave, students do not attend classes even if they do not get school's permission. The organization about staying in the village during these days is hectic but everyone somehow find the solution. Busójárás have been celebrated the same way for a long time, by rollicing for three days, but obviously, time changes us and our customs. Everything is basically the same, only those customs now turned into a manifestation. The credit goes to the locals of Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, who really care about that tradition, want to keep it alive and, at the same time, have fun and attract people from places around and the visitors from the other side of the Drava River.

Small carnival is the opening event of crazy days in Petarda. It is being held a week before the big carnival. Small Busójárás mimic the big ones. Some dress themselves in beautiful traditional costumes, their faces covered by veils while singing in the streets, they enter someone's yard and dance. Sometimes, as a gift, they receive eggs. Little girls dress as women and as older girls and boys as grown-up men. By wearing an oversized clothes, stuffing pillows where the stomach and buttocks need to be, walking in a distorted manner and making strange noises, they become someone else. Then they are allowed to mock adults and run after smaller children. There are scary Busójárás, too. People are supposed to be scared of them from an early age, it is all a part of the tradition. The small Busójárás must carefully pick who to tease because the big ones might get the revenge early as following Sunday.

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The organizers invite several small culture clubs that come to present themselves at the parade. After a walk through the village, they go back to the House of Culture where the presenting of those small cultural clubs that nurture their customs begins. Some present the customs related to carnival and some customs of their hometowns.

Big carnival begins the week after a small carnival. Beutiful Busójárás are wearing beautiful folk costumes with a veil over the face. They do not carry birches and do not chase children. Girls are dressed as men, and men as girls. They sing songs about the carnival, but also bećarci that are being sang at wedding receptions. They are bringing joy through the village. Scary Busójárás carry birches and they are known for starting to chase children when they least expect it. If they caught them, they beat them (lightly) so that children remember the terrible Busójárás until the next year.

Carnival Sunday is now also a bit better organized than before. In Petarda, there is a Folklore Society "Seljačka sloga" which is a host of such manifestations and is hosting other folklor societies that want to take part in the manifestation Petaračke buše. The organizers are proud of a high interest and response from folklor societies from Hungary, Slavonia, and surrounding Baranja villages. The groups of musicians start the parade in front of the House of Culture from where they head to the exit of the village. Locals, who wish to welocome guests in their house, open gates, set up a table with plenty of cookies and drinks where beautiful Busójárás can refresh themselves and their throats for better singing. Together with them often sneaks in one of the scary Busójárás, who also seeks refreshment. He is welcome, too. Beautiful Busójárás sing, dance kolo accompanied by sounds of tamburica so that some of the hosts join the kolo. After the tour through village is done, they all return to the House of Culture where the program begins in which they present their carnival customs.

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There is always a group that eventually makes the whole hall laugh. In this way they again show that this is not a serious assembly of folklore societies, but rather socializing and having fun. At the end of the program, there are tamburica players ready to play as much as necessary since it is in organizers' interest to make a good show and get the same folklore societies to come next year as well. Once dinner is served, people again dance kolo and other traditional dances, such as sitna bola, jabučica, Todore, ranče...and the festivites do not end until late at night.

Carnival Monday is the day when some are again dressed in beautiful, and some in scary Busójárás. There is again a visiting of the village, eating and drinking. On that day, there are no guests, so scary Busójárás can do whatever they like since they do not have to think of others. The joy lasts until late at night.

Carnival Tuesday starts very early. The organizers of the whole event rise before dawn and prepare a spit roast. The all gather around the roast and retell events of recent days and talk about the plans for the last day of the carnival.

After lunch, the scary Busójárás get ready and move through the village in a procession to the center of the village. They act scary. Their faces are masked, and fur and/or some other clothes is worn twisted upside down. They are connected by a rope or trace, the canvas pants are filled with straw, on feet they wear peasant footwear, shoes or boots. They carry instruments for making noise. Their voice is deep or high-pitched, changed. The true Busójárá is the one who can handle the weight of the mask that he/she wears and still has the strenght and will to fool around. He has to be able to run, to hit the gates, to chase children, make damage in the yards because after them, all that is left is mess. Busójárás break everything, tear down and defy. They intentionally went to the houses where they knew they will be well hosted and treated with wine or rakija. Children, who accompany them all the time, shout mocking songs.

It has already been mentioned that the fire in Podravina villages was not lit before, it is a novelty that was introduced after the reintegration. After everybody come down to the center of the village, the ceremony of speech reading begins and the speech "pokes" all those who have earned it the previous year. Although it causes laughter, it by no less contains insults. Nothing should be taken too seriously, just as folly. Writers of these speeches are always busy monitoring the current events in the village, region, and even country. There are no rules for writing, reading, and mocking. They can comment whatever they like because during these days they are in charge and they are untouchable. After this speech, the scary Busójárás walk through the village and when they get tired, they return to the House of Culture where they fool around, dance, jump, and frolic.

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The afternoon clothes is mostly being changed since they have been recognized in them. They re- dress for a huge party under masks. These masks are carefully made and the goal is again not be recognized as long as the decision on who is the scariest and the most beautiful Busójárá, as well as the most beautiful couple among Busójárás, is made. Everyone has the right to participate and the jury selects the best masks and rewards them. This is followed by the party that lasts until the morning, although the Ash Wednesday starts already after the midnight.

Marijana Kuna, "Petaračke buše", Yearbook of the Branch of Matica hrvatska in Beli Manastir, No. 5/2008., 2009.

Folklore Society "Seljačka sloga"

FS "Seljačka sloga" from Baranjsko Petrovo Selo has a long tradition. It was founded back in the 1936 and many generations of Petarčans who carry folk customs in their hearts, formed a part of it. This FS has, during the many decades of its existence, except for the war period, regularly performed at numerous cultural manifestations in Croatia – Folklore Festival in Zagreb, Embroideries of Đakovo, Autumn in Vinkovci et al.

The FS has an adults section, tamburica section, and children's folklore section. The debut of children's folklore group, which counts around twenty children from 5 to 12 years, was at the Christmas show in 2009. They also amazed visitors at the events "Đakovački bušari" and "Đakovački vezovi". http://www.petlovac.hr/zajednica/kulturno-umjetnicka-drustva

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The Parish Church of "St. Lawrence Deacon and Martyr" Baranjsko Petrovo Selo

"Lawrence was a pupil of Pope Sixtus II who loved him for his youthful virtue, especially innocence, the same way a father loves his best son, and thus, despite the young age, placed him among the seven prominent Roman deacons. Moreover, he named him Protodeacon, to lead them all. Papa in this way showed how much he trusted him and predicted that he will have to fight a tough battle for the faith in Christ. And that is exactly something that a young, idealistic heart can wish for. Papa literally said to him: "The Lord exempts me because I am a weak old man, but he designated a glorious victory for you." After these comforting and encouraging words, the Pope told the deacon Lawrence to share Church's goods he entrusted him to the poor. He obeyed and went to the house of Hippolytus, in which there was an almshouse for the poor whom he already has been helping. He gave everything to them. Therefore, during the Valerian persecution, when the judge investigator asked him about the goods of the Church, he could point a finger at the poor and say: "Here are the goods of the Church!" Because of that, he was tortured, scourged, and burned on the grill. While he was on this terrible hot torture device, he said to the cruel tyrant: "I am burned on one side, turn me on the other one!" The martyrdom of st. Lawrence, according to the reliable written records, occurred on August 10, 285.

Branches of the "St. Lawrence Deacon and Martyr" Church:

The church "Heart of Jesus", Torjanci

The church of "St. Michael ", Novi Bezdan http://www.petlovac.hr/o-nama/zupe

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

Folk singers of the Parish Church of St. Lawrence deacon and martyr

"Folk singers of the Parish Church of St. Lawrence deacon and martyr of Baranjsko Petrovo Selo have been working together since 2002, when they performed at the first Baranja festival of folk church singing Mary, Queen of May in Topolje. Since then, they have been both individually and with the help of the older singers (narrators) continuously renewing the old folk church songs that are, influenced by contemporary music waves in liturgy, somewhat fading into oblivion. The extremely important and praiseworthy effort of folk singers from Baranjsko Petrovo Selo is saving from oblivion and is maintaining for the next generations their extremely rich passion and the entire cultural, material, and spiritual inheritance. These songs are a distinguished segment of Croatian church music in which is reflected, deeply rooted in Croatian people, folk devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Folk singers of the church of St. Lawrence of Baranjsko Petrovo Selo issued the CD "Mary, the beloved voice - Marian songs from Baranja". The publishers of the edition were the Cultural Centre of the Town of Beli Manastir, the Branch of Matica hrvatska in Beli Manastir, and the Folklore Society "Seljačka sloga" from Baranjsko Petrovo Selo. The CD was recorded in collaboration with the Editorial office of folk music of the Music program of Hrvatski radio in the Parish Church of St. Lawrence in Baranjsko Petrovo Selo. The implementation of the project was supported by:the

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

Croatian Ministry of Culture, the Đakovo-Osijek Archdiocese, the Croatian Composers' Society, the Osijek-Baranja County, HDS ZAMP and the Municipality of Petlovac.

The value of this album is even greater considering that the church folk singing is in the Baranja region since 2011 on the list of the Ministry of Culture of protected intangible cultural heritage of the Republic of Croatia.

Yearbook of the Branch of Matica hrvatska in Beli Manastir, No. 10/2013., 2014.

Water – chapel of Blessed Virgin Mary

According to legend, while the women dug on meadow called “brig”, one of them swung and below hoes appeared fluid similar to blood. Then this woman become sick, and when she was healed vowed she promice to God that she will dig a well in that place. After a well is dug and in this place was built a chapel which in the late 19th century became a place of pilgrimage large population of the surrounding villages and to Pecs and Subotica. About the size of these pilgrimages the fact that most of the money to build a church in the village gathered on the charity of the pilgrims. After World War II were banned gatherings at Guides and pilgrimage, a chapel used only locals at great Marian feasts. The Homeland War chapel was destroyed, and the statue of Mary was saved and later returned to the renovated chapel

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

Texts for educational boards and tourst signalization

Informational boards in Croatian part of route will be placed in defined locations on this cultural route, by the gazeboos, churches and in centres of settlements: Petlovac, Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, Luč and Novi Bezdan. Graphic solutions of informational boards, touristic signalizations and maps of the route, are activities for which it is in charge LB and will be later released.

With basic elements of publicity and communication which are obligatory due to the Guidelines for Implementing Information and Publicity Requirements for the Projects, 16 educational boards will contain this text:

Text for educational tables located in centre of settlement Petlovac County: Osijek-Baranya Municipality: Petlovac Geographic coordinates: 45°45'31'N 18°31'41E Inhabitants (2011.): 714 Postal code: 31321 Petlovac Now named settlement Petlovac got its name in 1920, by the regulations of Trianon peace treaty, after the collapse of Austro-Ugarska monarchy. History of this village dates back to the Roman period, and newer settlement, today’s Petlovac, was founded by the Belje seigniory in 1752. By the end of World War II, in 1944, in Baranya the majority of the German population migrates from Petlovac and a new government moves in people from Međimurje into their empty homes because of the similarity of land and the neighbouring tradition with Hungary. In Petlovac, you can find Church of the “Discovery of the St. Cross” erected in 1772 by Francis Xavier Pfleger who came from the Ibafa Parish to Petlovac and was awarded the gold cross for pious merits in 1877.

Baranjsko Petrovo Selo County: Osijek-Baranya Municipality: Petlovac Geographic coordinates: 45°45'18'N 18°28'10E Inhabitants (2011.): 525 Postal code: 31322 Baranjsko Petrovo Selo The origin of the name Baranjsko Petrovo Selo has not been recorded anywhere, but the locals say that it was named after some Peter who lived in a village, but since there were more villages with that same name, the local designation for the region in which it is located was added. Hungarians called the village Pitarda, which means practically the same. Later, in everyday communication, the name Petarda become customary and is still in use today. Baranjsko Petrovo Selo in historical sense shared the fate of the whole Baranya. Thus, in 1526, after the battle of Mohács, along with the rest of Baranya and Hungary, it came under the Turkish rule. According to oral tradition, there was a mosque in the village that was at the site of the current local cemetery. As the Turks left, it was turned into a Catholic church.

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

In Baranjsko Petrovo Selo you can find Parish church of “St. Lawrence Deacon and Martyr”, erected in 1903 when Josef Angster built a valuable organ for this church.

Luč County: Osijek-Baranya Municipality: Petlovac Geographic coordinates: 45°47'07'N 18°32'08'E Inhabitants (2011.): 435 Postal code: 31300 Beli Manastir The oldest church of the Croatian part of Baranya is located in Luč. This medieval church is a protected monumental built from the turn of the 11th and 12th century. Luč is one of the oldest villages in Baranya, in which, at the edge of the village, the bricks and cannon balls could be found at 50cm ground depth. It is estimated that, during the Turkish time, village had over 3000 residents. The Church of St. Mary Magdalene was erected in 1721 and it has a great significance among sacral buildings in Baranya since it is a church built during the Turkish time.

Novi Bezdan County: Osijek-Baranya Municipality: Petlovac Geographic coordinates: 45°44'17'N 18°27'52E Inhabitants (2011.): 300 Postal code: 31322 Baranjsko Petrovo Selo The village residents traditionally celebrate its day on St. Anthony's day. On that day, people of Novi Bezdan organize an exhibition in a Hungarian house, along with different kinds of competitions, such as fishing competition and fish stew cooking competition. Cultural life and Hungarian customs practice of Novi Bezdan are organized by the cultural association “Novi Bezdan” which, along with its regular work, organize most of the manifestations and cultural happenings in the village. In Novi Bezdan you can find Church “Sv. Mihaela”, erected in 1935, built in memory of Saint Michael.

Text for educational tables located by the churches

Church of "the Discovery of the St. Cross" in Petlovac

The church was erected in 1772. Once separated from the Luč Parish, in 1859, the first administrator of Petlovac Parish became Ferninand Schreir, born in Pecs, where he completed his studies and, in 1850, became a priest. He was a chaplain in Olasz, Batakszeku, Mohacs, and Popovac. In 1862, he was appointed as the parish priest of Petlovac Parish Church and, in 1864, he was forced to leave this area due to some disputes, so he made a transition to the Ibafa Parish. While living in Ibafa, he took the Hungarian surname Hangai. Francis Xavier Pfleger came from the Ibafa Parish to Petlovac and was awarded the gold cross for pious merits in 1877.

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

For detailed information visit www.cultroute.hu

Parish Church of "St. Lawrence Deacon and Martyr" in Baranjsko Petrovo Selo Lawrence was a pupil of Pope Sixtus II who loved him for his youthful virtue, especially innocence, the same way a father loves his best son, and thus, despite the young age, placed him among the seven prominent Roman deacons. This way Pope had showed how much he trusted him. Pope also predicted that he will have to fight a tough battle for the faith in Christ and literally told him the following: "The Lord exempts me because I am a weak old man, but he designated a glorious victory for you." After these comforting and encouraging words, the Pope told the deacon Lawrence to share Church's goods he entrusted him to the poor. He obeyed and went to the house of Hippolytus, in which there was an almshouse for the poor whom he already has been helping before. He gave them all of it. Therefore, during the Valerian persecution, when the judge investigator asked him about the goods of the Church, he could point a finger at the poor and say: "Here are the goods of the Church!". Because of that act, he was tortured, scourged, and burned on the pyre. While he was on that terrible burning torture device, he said to the cruel tyrant: "I am burned on one side, turn me on the other one!". The martyrdom of St. Lawrence, according to the veracious written records, occurred on August 10, 285. Josef Angster built a valuable organ for this church.

For detailed information visit www.cultroute.hu

Church of “St. Mary Magdalene” in Luč This church is of great significance among the religious buildings in Baranya. The locals of Luč keep to the folk tradition claiming that the church was built in Turkish times. It was, in fact, a military facility used as a Turkish warehouse and it was surrounded by the Turkish cemetery. From the canonical visitations of Pécs diocese we learn that in Luč, there is a church of ancient origin and no one knows when exactly was it built. There we can also see that after the departure of the Turks from Baranja, a new church has not been built but the already existing one was fixed and upgraded. This folk tradition, retold by the locals, is based on historical events. The discovery of the foundations of early medieval church in Luč must be taken into account when discussing the origin of the stone fragment of the altar partition found at the Sarkany site near Beli Manastir, even more because, in a time when the fragment was created, the only building of that type built of solid material was in Luč. From that it can be concluded that even before the mid 13th century there was a church built of solid material, damaged during the Tatar raid in 1241."

For detailed information visit www.cultroute.hu

Church of “St. Michael” in Novi Bezdan In 1935, on the initiative of teacher Belan, the foundation stone for a new church was laid, which was built in 1937 in remembrance of St. Michael. Catholic church in Novi Bezdan is branches of the “St. Lawrence Deacon and Martyr” Church in Baranjsko Petrovo Selo. Historical facts about development of these churches are faintly known and significant historical records related to it are not detected.

For detailed information visit www.cultroute.hu

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

Text for tables located by the gazeboos and rest spots

Petlovac 1

Project name: Creating thematic routes based on built cultural heritage Acronym: Cultroute Lead beneficiary: Municipality of Beremend Project parter: Municipality of Petlovac EU contribution: 165 060,65 EUR Project duration: 12 months (October 1, 2015 – September 30, 2016)

For detailed information visit www.cultroute.hu

Petlovac 2

Grocery and bakery store „Kadulja“ Address: Rade Končara 46

Caffe bar Lambada Address: Rade Končara 9

NGO „Tradicijom za budućnost“ Address: Rade Končara 68 Contact person: Violeta Perčić (GSM: +385 99 702 3481) Souvenirs production

Familly farm: OPG Stjepan Malović Address: Nova ulica 8 Contact person: Stjepan Malović (GSM: +385 91 174 7017) Agricultural production

Family farm: OPG Anita Andrašek – Mihaljević Address: Beljska 10 Contact person: Anita Andrašek – Mihaljević (GSM: +385 92 323 4702) Agricultural production (ranch “Okrajak”, social entrepreneurship based on child and marginalized groups activities, honey production, beeswax products, working with domestic animals, riding ponies, creative leisure, rooms renting etc)

House of culture (public community centre) Address: Rade Končara 31

Post office Address: Rade Končara 48

Baranjsko Petrovo Selo 1

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

Project name: Creating thematic routes based on built cultural heritage Acronym: Cultroute Lead beneficiary: Municipality of Beremend Project parter: Municipality of Petlovac EU contribution: 165 060,65 EUR Project duration: 12 months (October 1, 2015 – September 30, 2016)

For detailed information visit www.cultroute.hu

Baranjsko Petrovo Selo 2

Service information for tourists:

Grocery and bakery store „Relevo“ Address: Kolodvorska 41

Pastry „Dinamo“ Address: Glavna bb Home-made ice-cream production

Caffe bar „Petarda“ Address: Glavna bb

Health centre Baranjsko Petrovo Selo Address: Kolodvorska 67

House od culture (public community centre) Address: Glavna bb

Luč 1 Project name: Creating thematic routes based on built cultural heritage Acronym: Cultroute Lead beneficiary: Municipality of Beremend Project parter: Municipality of Petlovac EU contribution: 165 060,65 EUR Project duration: 12 months (October 1, 2015 – September 30, 2016)

For detailed information visit www.cultroute.hu

Luč 2 Service information for tourists:

Grocery and bakery store „Crvena jabuka“ Addres: Vladimira Nazora 88a

House of culture (public community centre) Address: Glavna bb

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“

Novi Bezdan 1 Project name: Creating thematic routes based on built cultural heritage Acronym: Cultroute Lead beneficiary: Municipality of Beremend Project parter: Municipality of Petlovac EU contribution: 165 060,65 EUR Project duration: 12 months (October 1, 2015 – September 30, 2016)

For detailed information visit www.cultroute.hu

Novi Bezdan 2 Service information for tourists:

Grocery and bakery store „Relevo“ Address: Srednja bb

Ethno house Novi Bezdan Address: Košut Lajoša 4 Contact person: Tunde Šipoš Živić (GSM: +385 99 226 8830) Ethnological house of Hungarian heritage

Family farm: OPG Ružić Address: Košut Lajoša 2 Contact: Ružić (GSM: +385 31 748 053) Agricultural production – cheese

House of culture (public community centre) Address: Srednja 8

Also, with basic elements of publicity and communication which are obligatory due to the Guidelines for Implementing Information and Publicity Requirements for the Projects, 10 tourist signalization signes will appoint to the three nearest towns (two in Croatia and one in Hungary) and show distance to this towns, measured in kilometres.

Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“