ELABORATION ABOUT THEMATIC CULTURAL ROUTE Project
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ELABORATION ABOUT THEMATIC CULTURAL ROUTE Project „CULTROUTE“ IPA HUHR/1101/1.2.3/0021 Made by: „Poduzetnički centar Beli Manastir“ d.o.o. January, 2016. Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“ THE MUNICIPALITY OF PETLOVAC Geografical and geotraffical position The Municipality of Petlovac is located in the northeastern part of the Republic of Croatia and is a part of the Osijek-Baranja County and natural and geographical entity called Baranja, situated in a triangle made by the Drava and the Danube River and a national border of the Republic of Hungary. The Municipality of Petlovac is territorially entirely part of the mid-northern part of the Osijek- Baranja County and the north-western part of Baranja. The territory of the Municipality of Petlovac borders with the territory of the town of Beli Manastir in the northeast, the Municipality of Jagodnjak in the southeast, the territory of the town of Valpovo in the south, the territory of the town of Belišće in the southwest and west, while the northern part of the Municipality borders with the Republic of Hungary. Such geotraffical position in a way limits the traffic connection system and its development. Road traffic is the only traffic branch used to connect the Municipality with its closer and broader surrounding area on routes of two following state roads: D517 and D211. The traffic bridge over the Drava River by the town of Belišće has a great influence on the quality of an area traffic flow, and a planned counstruction of a highway along the Vc corridor will enable the Municipality an access to the European highway traffic network. Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“ Land area, population, population density The land area of the Municipality of Petlovac is 9.384 ha or 93,84 km², thus covering 2,2% of the County land area. According to the population census of 2011, the area of the Municipality of Petlovac was populated by 2.405 inhabitants. Table 1. Population of the County and the Municipality by census years Area 1981. 1991. 2001. 2011. The Osijek-Baranja County 356.286 367.193 330.506 305.032 The Municipality of Petlovac 3.730 3.785 2.743 2.405 The general trend of both the County and the Municipality population movement indicates the same – the intense decrease in the number of population in the years after the 1991. The period between the year 1991 and 2011 shows a natural and a mechanical reduction in the number of population. That is in connection with the fact that the area of the Municipality of Petlovac was, the same as the whole area of Baranja, affected by war and occupied from 1991 to 1998. During that period, the occupator performed coercive war migration that forced the greater part of population to leave their homes. In the year 1998 the rennovation started as well as the return of the refugees, but not all of them returned, which can be seen in the number of inhabitants from 2001 and 2011. The inhabitants of the Municipality in 2011 lived in nine different settlements, whereby one of them (Sudaraž) was not inhabitated. Table 2. The number of inhabitants in the Municipality's settlements by census years Rank Settlement 1991. 2001. 2011. 1. Baranjsko Petrovo Selo 779 570 525 2. Luč 735 487 435 3. Novi Bezdan 376 329 300 4. Novo Nevesinje 115 73 63 5. Petlovac 1.012 801 714 6. Sudaraž - - - 7. Širine 170 86 58 8. Torjanci 476 317 267 9. Zeleno Polje 122 80 43 Total (Municipality) : 3.785 2.743 2.405 Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“ It is important to notice that four of those settlements (Novo Nevesinje, Sudaraž, Širine i Zeleno Polje) were declared independent settlements in 1991. Until then, each of those settlements were a part of some other settlements and because of that, the comparison with the number of inhabitants from 1981 can not be drawn and taken into account. It is evident that the number of inhabitants decreased in each of the Municipality's settlement. The age structure of population is acutely unfavorable and is marked by the feature of extremely deep demographic age. Taking into account all above mentioned, it can be concluded that the demographic picture of the Municipality is not favorable. Settlements The Municipality of Petlovac consists of 9 settlements – Baranjsko Petrovo Selo, Luč, Novi Bezdan, Novo Nevesinje, Sudaraž, Širine, Torjanci i Zeleno Polje – with the settlement Petlovac being the Municipality's centre. The most populated settlement is Petlovac, and Sudaraž is an uninhabited settlement that is slowly dying out. The characteristical style of architecture in the Municipality's settlements are low housing, mostly single-storey free-standing or semi-integrated buildings on the construction sites of great depth, generally over 100 meters. By its specific features, Sudaraž, Širine and Zeleno Polje stand out by having a status of the so-called „pustara“ (barren area) of Baranja's Drava area. They are examples of many Belje pustaras1 that emerged by the end of the first part and in the second part of the 19th century. Nowadays, those areas are relatively deserted. The preserved remains show the characteristic way of building and planning of those production and housing units that consisted of the primary production unit and grouped residential buildings, situated hundred meters away from it. The administrative building, that was usually situated within a small park, was located nearby the commercial and residential buildings. By its urbanistic organization and architectual excellence, the Baranja pustaras, that is, Belje pustaras are uniqe in whole Croatia. 1 see Kornelija Pacanović Zvečevac, „Pustare Baranje – ponos ili sramota“, The branch of the Matica hrvatska's Yearbook in Beli Manastir, br. 6/2009, Beli Manastir, 2010. Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“ The structure of land by the utilization categories Table 3. Land category Surface (ha) Structure % Total agricultural area 5.467 58,3 Forests 2.547 27,1 Giant reed areas and swamps 153 1,6 Watercourses and channels 625 6,7 Arid land 592 6,3 Total: 9.384 100 As it is seen from the table, in the Municipality's stucture of land, the most common are agricultural areas followed by forest areas. Building sites do not belong to the cadastral category so they are not mentioned here. The total surface occupied by the building sites in the Municipality amounts 669,05 ha, that is, 7,1% of the Municipality area. Natural characteristics of the Municipality of Petlovac a) Terrain „ The area of the Municipality of Petlovac belongs to the wider area of the Baranja lowland belonging to the Osijek-Baranja County, that is, a wider geographic region of Eastern Croatia. Today's appearance and characteristics of the wider area's terrain, including the land relief of the Municipality of Petlovac, was formed by tectonic processes, watercourses, and climate changes from the Pleistocene period up to today, which interacted and led to the creation of complex morphological forms. In the wider area of Baranja, there are three basic terrain types: lowland (fluvial and fluvial-wetland), plain (loess plateau) and upland (tectonic). Morphostructurally, the lowlands fall into the category of the accumulative-tectonic and the plains (loess plateau), and Ban's hill into the category of accumulation-denudation relief (A. Bognar, 1980). The lowlands are the most widespread terrain type in the wider area, among which stand out alluvial plain and terrace plain (older Holocene, earlier and latter Wurm terrace). The area of the Petlovac Municipality is in its whole the lowland area in which there can be identified all types of the mentioned lowland relief. The lowland area of the Municipality of Petlovac belongs to the lowland area of the Drava River, which is the most widespread lowland area in the wider area, considering that it covers over the half of Baranja. Elaboratation about thematic cultural route Project: „Cultroute“ The alluvial plain of Drava is elongated and slightly leaned towards northwest-southeast 56 km along. The lowest hight above sea of the northwest terrain is from 90 to 91 m. Within the alluvial plain three sectors are differentiated, and the first one, from Torjanci to Osijek, is shaped by meandering. In a such shaped terrain emerged backwaters, beams, and smaller armlets. The alluvial plain can be divided into a higher (86-90m) and a lower (82-86m) level. Alluvial plain is a part of a hollow formed by erosion which the Drava River formed and filled with its sediments since the beginning of the earlier Pleistocene. Above the alluvial plain of Drava, in the cascade form, rises the area of latter Holocene and latter and early Wurm Drava terrace. Belonging to somewhat higher grounds, they consist of fluvial loess, being 3-6 m thick. Underlying the river terrace, there are sand and clay. The latter Wurm Drava terrace is not integral but is divided by the alluvial plain of the Karašica River into the northern, smaller part, the small part of which in the area of the Municipality of Petlovac can be regarded as the southern as well, and the other, greater part. Fluvial sediments are covered by the layers of loess, being up to the 20,0 m thick. The area of early Wurm and late Holocene terrace is sediment of the Drava river. These terraces are as well consisted of fluvial loess and the similar sediments, such as sand and gravel. Both terraces are a part of the shallow hollow, formed by erosion that the Drava River formed and filled with sediments after the Wurm period. In the area of the Municipality, fluvial terraces are drain areas thus being more convenient for habitation, that is the settlement forming.