THE EAR of the HUGUENOTS HUELGAS ENSEMBLE PAUL VAN NEVEL the Ear of the Huguenots

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THE EAR of the HUGUENOTS HUELGAS ENSEMBLE PAUL VAN NEVEL the Ear of the Huguenots THE EAR OF THE HUGUENOTS HUELGAS ENSEMBLE PAUL VAN NEVEL The Ear of the Huguenots I. LES PSAUMES DES HUGUENOTS II. ROME 1572: CÉLÉBRATION À L’OCCASION Psalm music of the Huguenots DES “BONNES NOUVELLES” DU MASSACRE Die Psalmvetonungen der Hugenotten À PARIS LE 23 AOÛT Rome 1572: a celebration on receiving the “good news” Claude Goudimel (1514/20 –1572) of the massacre in Paris on the 23rd August Psaume LXVII à 4 Rom 1572: Feier anlässlich der „guten Neuigkeiten“ 1 Dieu nous soit doux et favorable 4.38 über das Massaker in Paris am 23. August (text: Théodore de Bèze) Anonymus (16th cent.) Claude Le Jeune (1528/30 –1600) 4 Lauda à 3: Chi vol seguir la guerra 2.38 Psaume LXVII à 3 2 Dieu nous soit doux et favorable 3.45 Giovanni Animuccia (1520 –1571) (text: Théodore de Bèze) 5 Lauda à 4: Gia fu presa da te 3.39 Jacques Mauduit (1557–1627) Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525–1594) Psaume CI à 4 Messa “Ut re mi fa sol la” à 6 & 7 3 Pardon et justice il me plaît de chanter 5.54 6 Agnus Dei 7.39 (text: Jean-Antoine de Baïf) 2 III. PROFANE ET SACRÉ DANS LE MILIEU HUGUENOT Secular and sacred music from the Huguenot circle Weltliche und geistliche Musik aus dem Umkreis der Hugenotten Paschal de L’Estocart (1539 –after 1584) Guillaume Costeley (1530 –1606) 7 Peccantem me quotidie (motet à 4) 6.39 10 Noblesse gist au coeur du vertueux 10.40 8 Le monde un jour contre (chanson à 4) Vertu faché (chanson à 4) 3.33 Claude Le Jeune Jean Servin (1530 –1596) 11 Cigne je suis de candeur 6.07 Psalm XV à 8 (chanson en vers mesurés à 3 & 5) 9 Stellata coeli (text: George Buchanan) 4.01 12 Povre cœur entourné 5.46 (chanson à 5) huelgas ensemble paul van nevel 3 cantus: Axelle Bernage, Michaela Riener, Sabine Lutzenberger alto/Alt: Witte Maria Weber tenor: Achim Schulz, Adriaan De Koster, Bernd Oliver Fröhlich, Matthew Vine bass: Tim Scott Whiteley, Guillaume Olry Annelies Decock, Jérôme van Waerbeke, violin/Violine · Lies Wyers, viola da gamba · Matthieu Lusson, violone Paul van Nevel, direction/Leitung www.huelgasensemble.be 4 Total time: 65.09 Cover painting: The Story of David, painted tabletop, 1534 (oil on panel), Beham, Hans Sebald (1500-50) / Louvre, Paris, France / Peter Willi / Bridgeman Images · Booklet photos: © DG Art Projects Warsaw/Philharmonic (pp.4, 5) · © Alidoor Dellafaille (p.5) · Artwork: Christine Schweitzer, Cologne Recording: September 23–24, 2016, Monasterium PoortAckere, Gent, Belgium Recording producer, balance engineer, editing & mastering: Markus Heiland P & g 2017 Sony Music Entertainment Germany GmbH 5 Die Klangwelt der Hugenotten Martin Luther (1483–1546) hatte die optimistischste Sicht auf die Musik, Welt. Übersetzungen ins Niederländische, Deutsche und zahlreiche weitere die für ihn als „ancilla theologiae“ – als „Dienerin der Theologie“ – galt. In Sprachen (darunter das Osmanisch-Türkische) erschienen bald, musi kalische der Liturgie blieb er dabei der Tradition verhaftet, indem mehrstimmige Bearbeitungen jeglicher Besetzung und Stilrichtung wurden komponiert. und instrumentale Kompositionen auch in lateinischer Sprache erhalten blieben, brachte aber den volkssprachlichen Gemeindegesang als Neuerung Poetikreform und Genfer Psalter ein. Dabei wurden die Melodien nicht nur neu komponiert, sondern Die stilistische Bandbreite der Psalmbearbeitungen ist beträchtlich und reicht aus ver schiedenen, auch weltlichen Quellen adaptiert. Johannes von vielstimmigen, komplex-polyphonen Motetten zum contrapunctus simplex Calvin (1509–1564) ist in einer mittleren Position zu sehen: (einem schlichten Satz Note gegen Note) und allen denkbaren Mischformen Überzeugt von der Macht der Musik, den Inhalt eines dazwischen. Der contrapunctus-simplex-Satz, der später als Vorbild für den Textes zu verstärken und zu vertiefen, jedoch protestantischen Kantionalsatz diente, hat seine Wurzeln in der humanistischen gleich zeitig genauso überzeugt von ihrem zer- Odenvertonung, deren Prinzipien Textverständlichkeit, syllabische Deklamation, störerischen Potential, reglementierte er die korrekte Skansion des Textes sowie Setzweise Note gegen Note mit den An- liturgische Musik streng. sprüchen an reformierte geistliche Musik in Einklang standen. Die Sphären 1539 veröffentlichte Calvin in Straßburg anonym den des reformierten Psalmengesangs und der sogenannten „musique mesurée ersten Psalter, Aulcuns pseaulmes et cantiques mys en à l’antique“ (Musik in antiken Versmaßen) überschnitten sich in einem chant Johannes. Die Calvin Texte stammten überwiegend von dem französi- Zirkel humanistisch inspirierter Komponisten und Dichter in Paris, nämlich schen Hofdichter Clément Marot (1496–1544). In diesem frühen der Académie de Poésie et de Musique um Jean-Antoine de Baïf (1532–1589), Sta- dium waren Psalmparaphrasen am Hof noch wohlgelitten. der einen Psalter invers mesurés schuf (Pardon et justice von Jacques Mauduit), 1562 erschien schließlich der vollständige Psalter, Les Pseaumes mis en und die Dichtergruppe der Pléiade um Pierre de Ronsard (1524–1585), mit rime francoise par Clement Marot & Theodore de Beze, mit zwischen 30.000 der vor allem Claude Goudimel in Verbindung stand. In diesem Umfeld be- und 50.000 gedruckten Exemplaren alleine im ersten Jahr ein ungeheurer wegte sich auch Guillaume Costeley, Hofkomponist und Musiklehrer des Kind- Erfolg. Obwohl der bald allgemein so genannte Genfer Psalter angesichts Königs Charles IX. (1550–1574). Er galt als führender Chanson-Komponist einer europa weit verbreiteten und zunächst Konfessionen übergreifenden seiner Generation (Noblesse gist au cœur). Es zeigt sich in der Geschichte Begeisterung für Psalmdichtung nicht alleine stand, setzte er sich durch und immer wieder, dass gerade künstlerisch orientierte Milieus häufig konfessionell erlebte eine erstaunliche Verbreitungs- und Rezeptionsgeschichte auf der ganzen gemischt waren, so waren Costeley, Baïf und Ronsard keine Protestanten. 46 Claude Goudimel, selbst Opfer der Bartholomäusnacht in Lyon, widmete handlung gesehen wird. Obwohl das „Programmheft“ zum Dankgottes- sich drei Mal dem Genfer Psalter und schuf Bearbeitungen zwischen contra- dienst in Rom die Namen der aufgeführten Komponisten nicht be- punctus simplex und hochvirtuoser Motette (Dieu nous soit doux et favorable). kanntgibt, ist Palestrina als führender und stilbildender Komponist Claude LeJeunes vielfältige Psalmbearbeitungen – hier Psalm 67 aus dem der katholischen Erneuerung eine nahe liegende Wahl. Sein dreistimmigen Gesamtpsalter Pseaumes de David – zeigen, wie auch sein Zeitgenosse Giovanni Animuccia ist ebenfalls unter die Re- weltliches Werk (Cigne je suis de candeur; Povre cœur) den Einfluss der Academie formkomponisten zu rechnen. Er brachte aus seiner de Poésie et de Musique und belegen den engen Zusammenhang zwischen florentinischen Heimat die Lauda nach Rom (Gia Genfer Psalter, musique mesurée à l’antique und Poetikreform. In diesen fu presa da te), eine Liedgattung aus der mittel- Zusammen hang gehört auch der lateinische Reimpsalter von George Bucha nan alterlichen Tradition der Laudesi (Betbru- (1506–1582) in antiken Metren, von Jean Servin in komplexe Poly phonie derschaften), die im Laufe des 16. Jahr- von zwei bis acht Stimmen ausgearbeitet (Te nostra carmina, Stellata coeli). hunderts mehrstimmig wurde und Claude Goudimel Nach dem Schrecken der Bartholomäusnacht ging die Produktion von Psalter- Eingang zwar nicht in die Messe, basierter Dichtung und Komposition jedoch spürbar zurück. Als späte Er- aber doch in paraliturgische Gottes- scheinung 1583 veröffentlichte Paschal de L’Estocart noch einen Gesamt- dienstformen fand. Der schlichte Stil der psalter im motettischen Stil (hier vertreten durch die Motette Peccantem Laude, der volkssprachliche Text und der me quotidie und die Chanson Le monde un jour contre Vertu faché). homophone Satz passten zum Zeitgeschmack Als hauptsächlicher, im späteren Verlauf mythologisch überhöhter Exponent (Chi vol seguir la guerra). der nachtridentinischen Kirchenmusik gilt Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, in dessen Stil eine Synthese zwischen polyphoner Kunst und klarer Textbe- Judith Haug (gekürzte Fassung) 57 The Ear of the Huguenots Martin Luther (1483–1546) held the most optimistic view of music, which man Empire, appeared very quickly, leading in turn to musical adaptations he regarded as the ancilla theologiae: the “handmaid of theology”. In terms involving all manner of resources and reflecting all manner of different styles. of the liturgy he remained bound by tradition, retaining the Latin language for polyphonic and instrumental compositions, but introducing the vernacular Poetry reform and the Genevan Psalter for congregational singing. This was an important innovation. The melodies These reworkings of the psalms cover a remarkably wide range of styles, for these settings were in some cases newly composed and in other cases from complex polyphonic motets to simple counterpoint, note against note, adapted from various other sources, including secular sources. John Calvin and all conceivable forms in between. Simple counterpoint, which was later (1509–64) may be seen as occupying a midway position: convinced of the to be the model for the Protestant cantional style, has its roots in settings of power of music to increase and deepen the meaning of a text, he was equally Humanist odes, the guiding principles of which were the intelligibility and convinced of music’s destructive potential, and so he drew up strict rules correct scansion of the text, syllabic word-setting and a note-for-note setting, for liturgical music. all of
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