Petronas Towers

Case Study: Petronas Towers by Bu÷ra Tetik Case Study: Petronas Towers by Bu÷ra Tetik Submitted to: Günel, IlgÕn – Fall 2009 Submitted to: Günel, IlgÕn – Fall 2009 Introduction MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY PetronasTowers DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE / BUILDING SCIENCE PROGRAM PetronasTowers Use:Office KualaLumpurCityCentre,Malaysia Client Status:Completed KualaLumpurCity Centre Globalranking:PetronasTwinTowerswere Outline Holdings Sendirian Berhad 6 theworld'stallestbuildingsfrom1998to2004. I. Introduction Architect Preceded byWillisTowerSurpassed byTaipei101 BS 536 CesarPelli &Associates,US Material:Composite II. ArchitecturalDescription STUDIES ON TALL BUILDINGS:S: DESIGN CONSIDERATIOCONSIDERATIONS Engineers Height:1,483ft(452meters) Fall 2009-2010 ThorntonͲTomasetti Engineers,US,and III. StructuralDescription P1:Baker,Philippailippa(ed.).Architectureanand OfficialOpening:August28,1999 RanhillBersekutu IV. SpecialDescription Polyphony:BuildingildingintheIslamicWorld Construction April1993–August1999 Case Study:Stu Petronasronas TowersTow Today.Tod Retrieveddfrom Contractors http://archnet.org/library/documents/onhttp:/ g/library/docum Sitearea,KLCC40.5hectares by V. References eͲdocument.jsp?document_id=10229docu cument_id Tower1– Mayjus JointVenture: Bu÷ra Tetikik MMCEngineering &ConstructiononCo.o.LtLtd,Malaysiaaysia Sitearea,Petronas andretail5.8hehectares BS536 BS536B Builtarea218,000m2eachchtower 994,0994,000m2 BS536 Tower2–SKJJointVentureure: Submitted to: Assoc.Prof.Dr.Assoc.P Mehmet Halis Günel Samsung Engineeringng&ConstrucConstructionCooLtd,S.KorS.Korea Cost US$ 800,000,000000 Arch.ch HH.Emre IlgÕn (MSc.) (Ref.b) P3:Abada,Galal.(2004).Petronasofficetowers (Ref.b) U [Onsitereviewreport].Retrievedfrom ThePetronastron Towerswweredesignededtobethecentrepiece http://archnet.org/library/files/oneͲfile.jsp?file_id=1403 ofalargergercomplexcalledthe KualaLumpurCityCentre T (KLC(KLCC),amixedͲusesedevelopmentdevelo withasiteareaof14.15 acracres,es, whicwhichincludesthetowers,twootherofficetowers, undergroundparkingark andservice facilities.Theprojectsite iswelllocatedcate intheheartofthecommercialdistrictofthe city,the ‘GoldenTriangle’.(Ref.c) P4:Abada,Galal.(2004).Petronasofficetowers [Onsitereviewreport]. METU METU P2:www.wikipedia.com METU Retrievedfromhttp://archnet.org/library/files/oneͲfile.jsp?file_id=1403

ArchitecturalDescription ArchitecturalDescription ArchitecturalDescription ArchitecturalDescription Theidenticaltowersarelinkedbyabridgeidg atttthe Pelli'sdesignansweredthedeveloper'scalltoexpressthe • ThestructureishighͲstrengthconcrete,amaterial 41stfloor,creatingadramaticcgatewaytothecity. 'cultureandheritageofMalaysia'byevokingIslamic familiartoAsiancontractorsandtwiceaseffectiveas TypicalFloorPlans arabesquesandemployingrepetitivegeometries steelinswayreduction.Supportedbyapproximately characteristicofMuslimarchitecture.Inplan,an8Ͳpointstar 23x23mconcretecoresandanouterringofwidelyͲ spacedsupercolumns,thetowersshowcasea Thisprojecthasreceivedan AgaKhan Awardbecauseit formedbyintersectingsquaresisanobviousreferenceto sophisticatedstructuralsystemthataccommodatesits representsanewdirection inskyscraperdesign, Islamicdesign;curvedandpointedbayscreateascalloped slenderprofileandprovidesfrom1300to2050square featuringadvancedtechnologywhilesymbolizing local 36 facadethatsuggeststempletowers.Theidenticaltowersare 36 meters ofcolumnͲfreeofficespaceperfloor. (Ref.c) andnationalaspirations. Theprojectembodiesseveral linkedbyabridgeatthe41stfloor,creatingadramatic innovations, rangingfromtheuseofunusuallyhighͲ gatewaytothecity.(Ref.e) • Otherfeaturesincludeacurtainwallofglassand 536 strengthconcretetofacilitate asoftͲtubestructural stainlesssteelsunshadestodiffusetheintense system,toaninventiveverticaltransportationtion conceptt equatoriallight;adoubleͲdeckerelevatorsyssystemwithh andtheintegrationofcuttingͲedgeenergyconservationcon  askylobbytransferpointonthe41stfloorto systems. Thesuccessofthisprojectojectlieslie intheemannerma in accommodatethethousandsofpeopleeop whousethe whichitincorporates thesetechnologicaltechnologica innovationsvatio  B BS5 complexdaily.(Ref.d) B whilegeneratingaslendernderformthat respondsrespo poeticallypoe 

tothebroaderlandscape.ndscape. Thesimplesim geometricaleometrica Abada,Galal.(2004).Petronasofficetowers [Onsitereviewreport]. patternthatgeneratesgenera theplannotno onlyusesspace Retrievedfromhttp://archnet.org/library/files/oneͲfile.jsp?file_id=1403 efficientlytlytomaximize exposureex tonaturaln light,butalso createsarichric spatialexpression.ss Thebuildinghas bbecomeanicoiconthathatexpressesxpress thesophistication of contemporaryMalaysiansocietyandbuildsonthe country’srich traditionstrad toshapeaworldcity. (Ref.b) ConceptualPlandiagrams ArchitecturalArcchitecturalPlanan ArchitecturalPlan (Ref:Pelli,Cesar,&Crosbie,Michael.(2001). (typical) (typical) Petronastwintowers:architectureofhighͲconstruction. Leveleve 43 (Ref:Pelli,Cesar,&Crosbie,Michael.(2001). Level76 GreatBritain:WileyͲAcademy.) Petronastwintowers:architectureofhighͲ P5:P Ref:Pelli,Cesar,&Crosbie,Michael.(2001).Petronastwintowers: www.archnet.org/library Abada,Galal.(2004).Petronasofficetowers [Onsitereviewreport]. construction.GreatBritain:WileyͲAcademy.) METUarchitectureofhighͲconstruction.GreatBritain:WileyͲAcademy. METU METURetrieved fromhttp://archnet.org/library/files/oneͲfile.jsp?file_id=1403 M

ArchitecturalDescription StructuralDescription StructuralDescription • Thecoreisconstructedwithaddedstrengthattthe StructuralDescription Thestructureofthebuildingconsistsofadualual cornerstohelpresistthemomentcreatedbylateralwindwin  Concretegradesfortheringbeamsfollowowthe systemconsistingofreinforcedrcedconcretecore forces.Twoessentiallysolidsheerwallsallscrosscro withinthe gradesin thecolumnstoavoidconfusioninthe wall system,andexteriorreinforcedreinforce concreteconc  coretofurtherincreaseitsstiffness.s.TThegragradeof fieldandpossiblewasteintheeconcreteconcret pumppum  Beams columns.The floorrframingsystemstemconsistsof Columns concreteisconsistentbetweenweentheeperimetercolumns Beams lines.Each Towerhasonecentralcentra coreforalllifts, andstructuralcoreandrangrangesfrom80MMPaattththebaseb  оTowerOne:PetronasHeadquarters’oĸces. compositesteel framingsystem.sy Acompositeom  towerexitstairsanddmechanicalmechani services.s.CoreC  to40MPaatthetop. (Ref.a) Outriggers оTowerTwo:Mostlyprivatetenants,KLCCHoldings’ metaldeckeckframesbetweenthehesteelbeams, Core design resultedltedintwoovirtuallysolidwallsrunning Core offices, somevacantareasforrent. andactscompositelympositelywith them.th Reinforced northͲsouthuthandoneo runningun easastͲ westmaking • Variousapproachesproacheswereexploredindevelopingthe оTotalgrossŇoorarea:218,000squaremetresineach concreteretewasselectedastheprimary structural the corequitestiffandefficient.Concretegrade overallstructuralsystemofthePetronasPet towers.The tower,eightyͲeightstoreys. materialforf thelaateteralresistingsystemas used variesiinthreehreestepsfrofrom80Mpato40Mpa. extensivelyinnthettowerbecauseofits schemebeingbe implementedmplementedconsistsofcastinͲplace (Ref.f) оTotalnetŇoorarea:119,300squaremetresineach perimeterframewithsixteensixt columnsandcastinͲplace tower,height:452metres. availability andavailabilityofskilledlaborin concreteconcr core.re. (Ref.f) оTypicalŇoorͲtoͲfloorheight:4.0metres. Malaysiaalaysi in particularand SouthͲeastAsiain general.gene (Ref.i) Core Support оFinishedceilingheight:2.65metres.es. • Outriggerrigge beamsatmidͲheightofthestructure provides оRaisedŇoor:125millimetres,es,levelseight–seventyͲtwo. Thestructuralframeforeachofthemaintowers Slab Beams BS536 BS536 additionalBS536stiffnesstothestructure.Theconcreteused Columnslum BS536 Beams оSkybridge:centreͲlinespan,58.445 metres;etre width,th,5.29 consistsofsixteencylindricalhighͲstrength variesinthreestepsfromgrade 80atthelowerfloorsto metres:height,9.4545metres;met 170 metresabovesstreet concreteperimetercolumnsconnectedbya grade40attheupperfloors.Grade80isspecifiedupto level. haunchedringbeamateachlevel.This level22for the2.4mdiameterreinforcedconcrete оHeightofpinnacles:nna 73.5Ͳ 75metres.etre haunchingallowsforthepassageofmechanical columns.ThefloorsystemconsistsofcastinͲplace concreteslabonribbedmetaldecktoactcompositely systemsatthecenterspanofthebeam.This Facade (Ref.R c) frameistiedbacktothestructuralelevatorcore withfilledconcrete,supportedonsteel beams.(Ref.f) atthethirtyͲeighthandfortiethfloorsby concreteoutriggerbeams. (Ref.a) StructuralAxonometric StructuralPlan FacadeFaca ShowingLevel38 Baker,Philippa(ed.).ArchitectureandPolyphony: Level38 (mechanicalfloor) DrawnbyBuŒraTetik BuildingintheIslamicWorldToday.Retrievedfrom StructuralAxonometricShowingTypicalLevel Columns DrawnbyBuŒraTetik Outriggers http://archnet.org/library/documents/oneͲdocument.jsp?document_id=10229 METU METUDrawnbyBuŒraTetik METU

SpecialDescription StructuralDescription StructuralDescription SpecialDescription Structural WhatisOutriggerSystem? PlanDiagram StructuralSectionDiagramgram ClimaticPerformance AccordingtoTaranath: AlthoughSearstowerlookslikehigher ThePetronasTowersrespondremarkablywelltothetropical thanPetronas,officiallyPetronastowers 6 climateofKualaLumpurusing severaltechniques.Theglass arehigher. Ontopofthesearstowerare ThecoreͲoutriggersystem alsoknownas thebelttruss curtainwallshavestainlessͲsteelsunshadestodiffusethe systemwhichtheaxialstiffnessoftheperimeter radioandtvantennas,the"spires"on intenseequatoriallight.These‘tropicalwalls,minimizethe thePetronas towersarepartofthe columnsisinvokedforincreasingtheresistanceto heatandglareenteringthebuildingbutatthesametimemethey overturningmoments. actualbuilding,thereforeaddingtothe reflecttheplayof lightandshadow,expressingthetropictropical 536 height.Radioantennasandsuchdonot environment. Thisefficientstructuralformconsistsofacore,cor  countforheight. comprisingeitherbracedframesofshearwalwalls,ls with S536 Theuseoftintedlaminatedglassalso helpstorreduceheatat horizontalcantileveroutriggertrussessse orgirdersdeers gainfromthesunlightandultravioletviolet((UV)transmission.nsm  connectingthecoretotheoutercolumns.olum Thecoreco  BS5 However,it wasnoticedthattinsomeoffofficesnaturaltura lightisBSnot maybecentrallylocateddwithoutriggersextendingdin on sufficientto lightthespacespacesandoccupantspant haveetouse bothsidesoritmayaybelocatedono onesideoffthe artificiallighting. buildingwithoutriggersoutrig extendingdingtothebuilding columnsono oneside.. The useofexhaustxhau airirtoprp eͲcoolanddehumidifyfresh,warm SectionofTowers air,hasprovedprove tobehighlyh costo effective asitreducesthe DrawnbyBuŒraTetik amountam ofenergyrequiredtoairconditionthebuildingby50 7nthelightofref:d per cent.ce

Sectionectionshowsverticalcirculationshaftsbycoloredvertical barsb andalsoshowshvacfloors.OutriggerslocatedonmidͲ Ref:Pelli,Cesar,&Crosbie,Michael.(2001). hvachva floorbetweenlevel38Ͳ40.Thatlocationapproximately Petronastwintowers:architectureofhighͲ Abada,Galal.(2004).Petronasofficetowers [Onsitereviewreport]. Sectionareaisgettingthinerwhilethebuilding http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=22/ equalsto0,455HasappropiratetoTaranath. PhotographsofPetronasTowers construction.GreatBritain:WileyͲAcademy. METU RetrievedMfromhttp://archnet.org/library/files/oneͲfile.jsp?file_id=1403 isrising.Itisaboutaerodynamicconcerns. METU http://archnet.org/library/files/oneͲfile.jsp?file_id=1283 METU References (a) Pollalis,Spiro.(2002).Internationalcooperationandinformationtransferinthe realizationoftheworld’stallestbuildings.Retrievedfrom http://www.cdi.gsd.harvard.edu/ (b) Baker,Philippa(ed.).ArchitectureandPolyphony:BuildingintheIslamicWorld Today.TheAgaKhanAwardforArchitecture,TheNinthAwardCycle.London: ThamesandHudson;Geneva:TheAgaKhanAwardforArchitecture,2004. Retrievedfromhttp://archnet.org/library/documents/oneͲ document.jsp?document_id=10229 (c) Abada,Galal.(2004).Petronasofficetowers [Onsitereviewreport].epo Retrieved fromhttp://archnet.org/library/files/oneͲfile.jsp?file_id=1403id=1 (d) Pelli,Cesar,&Crosbie,Michael.(2001).Petronastro twintowers:owers:architectureitec of highͲconstruction.GreatBritain:WileyͲAcademy.emy  Ref:Pelli,Cesar,&Crosbie,Michael.(2001). (e) Willis,Carol.(2004).ThePetronasastowerstow .Retrievedtriev from Petronastwintowers:architectureofhighͲ http://www.skyscraper.org/TALLEST_TOWERS/t_petronas.htm/TALLEST_TOWERS/t_pet BS5construction.GreatBritain:WileyͲAcademy. (f) Naidu,KribanandanGurusamy.Gurusamy (1995).).TheTh Petronasona tower:theworld'stallest building.CPACSEMINARMINAR95 (g)Pelli,Cesar.r.http://www.pcparch.chttp://www.pcparch.com/#/projects/headquarters/petronasͲ towers/description/s/description/ (h)Taranath,nath,BungaleungaleSS.(2005).) Structuralanalysisanddesign.Newyork:dekker. ((i) Kim,JaeͲHoHo,&LeeLee,SeungeungͲHHoon.(2004).Applicationofhighperformance concreteinnpetpetronasnastwitwintower,klcc.CTBUHSeoul,Korea,10.Retrievedfrom http://www.ctbuh.org/Publications/TechnicalPapers/tabid/71/language/enhttp://www.ctbuh.o Ͳ US/Default.aspxUS/Default.asp (j) www.citationmachine.netwww.cit (k) wikipedia.comMETU