Case Study: Petronas Towers by Bu÷ra Tetik Case Study: Petronas Towers by Bu÷ra Tetik Submitted to: Günel, IlgÕn – Fall 2009 Submitted to: Günel, IlgÕn – Fall 2009 Introduction MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY PetronasTowers DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE / BUILDING SCIENCE PROGRAM PetronasTowers Use:Office KualaLumpurCityCentre,Malaysia Client Status:Completed KualaLumpurCity Centre Globalranking:PetronasTwinTowerswere Outline Holdings Sendirian Berhad 6 theworld'stallestbuildingsfrom1998to2004. I. Introduction Architect Preceded byWillisTowerSurpassed byTaipei101 BS 536 CesarPelli &Associates,US Material:Composite II. ArchitecturalDescription STUDIES ON TALL BUILDINGS:S: DESIGN CONSIDERATIOCONSIDERATIONS Engineers Height:1,483ft(452meters) Fall 2009-2010 ThorntonͲTomasetti Engineers,US,and III. StructuralDescription P1:Baker,Philippailippa(ed.).Architectureandan OfficialOpening:August28,1999 RanhillBersekutu IV. SpecialDescription Polyphony:BuildingildingintheIslamicWorld Construction April1993–August1999 Case Study:Stu Petronasronas TowersTow TodToday.Retrieveddfrom Contractors http:/http://archnet.org/library/documents/ong/library/docum Sitearea,KLCC40.5hectares by V. References eͲdocument.jsp?document_id=10229docu cument_id Tower1– Mayjus JointVenture: Bu÷ra Tetikik MMCEngineering &ConstructiononCo.o.LtLtd,Malaysiaaysia Sitearea,Petronas andretail5.8hectareshe BS536 BS536B Builtarea218,000m2eachchtower 994,000m2994,0 BS536 Tower2–SKJJointVentureure: Submitted to: Assoc.Prof.Dr.Assoc.P Mehmet Halis Günel Samsung Engineeringng&ConstructionConstruc CooLtd,S.KoreaS.Kor Cost US$ 800,000,000000 Arch.ch H.Emre H IlgÕn (MSc.) (Ref.b) P3:Abada,Galal.(2004).Petronasofficetowers (Ref.b) U [Onsitereviewreport].Retrievedfrom ThePetronastron Towerswweredesignededtobethecentrepiece http://archnet.org/library/files/oneͲfile.jsp?file_id=1403 ofalargergercomplexcalledthe KualaLumpurCityCentre T (KLC(KLCC),amixedͲusesedevelodevelopmentwithasiteareaof14.15 acracres,es, whicwhichincludesthetowers,twootherofficetowers, undergroundparkingark andservice facilities.Theprojectsite iswelllocatedcate intheheartofthecommercialdistrictofthe city,the ‘GoldenTriangle’.(Ref.c) P4:Abada,Galal.(2004).Petronasofficetowers [Onsitereviewreport]. METU METU P2:www.wikipedia.com METU Retrievedfromhttp://archnet.org/library/files/oneͲfile.jsp?file_id=1403 ArchitecturalDescription ArchitecturalDescription ArchitecturalDescription ArchitecturalDescription Theidenticaltowersarelinkedbyabridgeidg attthet Pelli'sdesignansweredthedeveloper'scalltoexpressthe • ThestructureishighͲstrengthconcrete,amaterial 41stfloor,creatingadramaticcgatewaytothecity. 'cultureandheritageofMalaysia'byevokingIslamic familiartoAsiancontractorsandtwiceaseffectiveas TypicalFloorPlans arabesquesandemployingrepetitivegeometries steelinswayreduction.Supportedbyapproximately characteristicofMuslimarchitecture.Inplan,an8Ͳpointstar 23x23mconcretecoresandanouterringofwidelyͲ spacedsupercolumns,thetowersshowcasea Thisprojecthasreceivedan AgaKhan Awardbecauseit formedbyintersectingsquaresisanobviousreferenceto sophisticatedstructuralsystemthataccommodatesits representsanewdirection inskyscraperdesign, Islamicdesign;curvedandpointedbayscreateascalloped slenderprofileandprovidesfrom1300to2050square featuringadvancedtechnologywhilesymbolizing local 36 facadethatsuggeststempletowers.Theidenticaltowersare 36 meters ofcolumnͲfreeofficespaceperfloor. (Ref.c) andnationalaspirations. Theprojectembodiesseveral linkedbyabridgeatthe41stfloor,creatingadramatic innovations, rangingfromtheuseofunusuallyhighͲ gatewaytothecity.(Ref.e) • Otherfeaturesincludeacurtainwallofglassand 536 strengthconcretetofacilitate asoftͲtubestructural stainlesssteelsunshadestodiffusetheintense system,toaninventiveverticaltransportationtion conceptt equatoriallight;adoubleͲdeckerelevatorsyssystemwithh andtheintegrationofcuttingͲedgeenergyconservationcon askylobbytransferpointonthe41stfloorto systems. Thesuccessofthisprojectojectlieslie intheemannerma in accommodatethethousandsofpeopleeop whousethe whichitincorporates thesetechnologicatechnologicalinnovationsvatio B BS5 complexdaily.(Ref.d) B whilegeneratingaslendernderformthat respondsrespo poeticallypoe tothebroaderlandscape.ndscape. Thesimsimplegeometricaleometrica Abada,Galal.(2004).Petronasofficetowers [Onsitereviewreport]. patternthatgenerageneratestheplannonotonlyusesspace Retrievedfromhttp://archnet.org/library/files/oneͲfile.jsp?file_id=1403 efficientlytlytomaximize exposureex tonnaturallight,butalso createsaricrichspatialexpression.ss Thebuildinghas becomeb aniconico thattha expressesxpress thesophistication of contemporaryMalaysiansocietyandbuildsonthe country’srich traditionstrad toshapeaworldcity. (Ref.b) ConceptualPlandiagrams ArchitecturalArcchitecturalPlanan ArchitecturalPlan (Ref:Pelli,Cesar,&Crosbie,Michael.(2001). (typical) (typical) Petronastwintowers:architectureofhighͲconstruction. Leveleve 43 (Ref:Pelli,Cesar,&Crosbie,Michael.(2001). Level76 GreatBritain:WileyͲAcademy.) Petronastwintowers:architectureofhighͲ P5:P Ref:Pelli,Cesar,&Crosbie,Michael.(2001).Petronastwintowers: www.archnet.org/library Abada,Galal.(2004).Petronasofficetowers [Onsitereviewreport]. construction.GreatBritain:WileyͲAcademy.) METUarchitectureofhighͲconstruction.GreatBritain:WileyͲAcademy. METU METURetrieved fromhttp://archnet.org/library/files/oneͲfile.jsp?file_id=1403 M ArchitecturalDescription StructuralDescription StructuralDescription • Thecoreisconstructedwithaddedstrengthattthe StructuralDescription Thestructureofthebuildingconsistsofadualual cornerstohelpresistthemomentcreatedbylateralwindwin Concretegradesfortheringbeamsfollowowthe systemconsistingofreinforcedrcedconcretecore forces.Twoessentiallysolidsheerwallsallscrocrosswithinthe gradesin thecolumnstoavoidconfusioninthe wall system,andexteriorreinforcedreinforce concreteconc coretofurtherincreaseitsstiffness.s.TThegragradeof fieldandpossiblewasteintheeconcreteconcret pumppum Beams columns.The floorrframingsystemstemconsistsof Columns concreteisconsistentbetweenweentheeperimetercolumns Beams lines.Each Towerhasonecentralcentra coreforalllifts, andstructuralcoreandrangrangesfrom80MPM aattththebbase оTowerOne:PetronasHeadquarters’oĸces. compositesteel framingsystem.sy Acompositeom towerexitstairsanddmechanimechanicalservices.s.CCore to40MPaatthetop. (Ref.a) Outriggers оTowerTwo:Mostlyprivatetenants,KLCCHoldings’ metaldeckeckframesbetweenthehesteelbeams, Core design resultedltedintwoovirtuallysolidwallsrunning Core offices, somevacantareasforrent. andactscompositelympositelywith them.th Reinforced northͲsouthuthandoneo runningun easastͲ westmaking • Variousapproachesproacheswereexploredindevelopingthe оTotalgrossŇoorarea:218,000squaremetresineach concreteretewasselectedastheprimary structural the corequitestiffandefficient.Concretegrade overallstructuralsystemofthePetPetronas towers.The tower,eightyͲeightstoreys. materialforf thelaateralte resistingsystemas used variesini threehreestepsfromfro 80Mpato40Mpa. extensivelyinnthetowert becauseofits schemebebeingimplementedmplementedconsistsofcastinͲplace (Ref.f) оTotalnetŇoorarea:119,300squaremetresineach perimeterframewithsixtsixteen columnsandcastinͲplace tower,height:452metres. availability andavailabilityofskilledlaborin concrconcretecore.re. (Ref.f) оTypicalŇoorͲtoͲfloorheight:4.0metres. Malaysiaalaysi in particularand SouthͲeastAsiain general.gene (Ref.i) Core Support оFinishedceilingheight:2.65metres.es. • Outriggerrigge beamsatmidͲheightofthestructure provides оRaisedŇoor:125millimetres,es,levelseight–seventyͲtwo. Thestructuralframeforeachofthemaintowers Slab Beams BS536 BS536 additionalBS536stiffnesstothestructure.Theconcreteused Columnslum BS536 Beams оSkybridge:centreͲlinespan,58.445 metres;etre width,th,5.29 consistsofsixteencylindricalhighͲstrength variesinthreestepsfromgrade 80atthelowerfloorsto metres:height,9.4545metres;met 170 metresabovestreets concreteperimetercolumnsconnectedbya grade40attheupperfloors.Grade80isspecifiedupto level. haunchedringbeamateachlevel.This level22for the2.4mdiameterreinforcedconcrete оHeightofpinnacles:nna 73.5Ͳ 75metres.etre haunchingallowsforthepassageofmechanical columns.ThefloorsystemconsistsofcastinͲplace concreteslabonribbedmetaldecktoactcompositely systemsatthecenterspanofthebeam.This Facade (Ref.R c) frameistiedbacktothestructuralelevatorcore withfilledconcrete,supportedonsteel beams.(Ref.f) atthethirtyͲeighthandfortiethfloorsby concreteoutriggerbeams. (Ref.a) StructuralAxonometric StructuralPlan FacaFacade ShowingLevel38 Baker,Philippa(ed.).ArchitectureandPolyphony: Level38 (mechanicalfloor) DrawnbyBuŒraTetik BuildingintheIslamicWorldToday.Retrievedfrom StructuralAxonometricShowingTypicalLevel Columns DrawnbyBuŒraTetik Outriggers http://archnet.org/library/documents/oneͲdocument.jsp?document_id=10229 METU METUDrawnbyBuŒraTetik METU SpecialDescription StructuralDescription StructuralDescription SpecialDescription Structural WhatisOutriggerSystem? PlanDiagram StructuralSectionDiagramgram ClimaticPerformance AccordingtoTaranath: AlthoughSearstowerlookslikehigher ThePetronasTowersrespondremarkablywelltothetropical thanPetronas,officiallyPetronastowers 6 climateofKualaLumpurusing severaltechniques.Theglass arehigher. Ontopofthesearstowerare ThecoreͲoutriggersystem alsoknownas thebelttruss curtainwallshavestainlessͲsteelsunshadestodiffusethe systemwhichtheaxialstiffnessoftheperimeter radioandtvantennas,the"spires"on intenseequatoriallight.These‘tropicalwalls,minimizethe thePetronas towersarepartofthe columnsisinvokedforincreasingtheresistanceto