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Hirohito the Showa Emperor in War and Peace. Ikuhiko Hata.Pdf
00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page i HIROHITO: THE SHO¯ WA EMPEROR IN WAR AND PEACE 00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page ii General MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito photographed in the US Embassy, Tokyo, shortly after the start of the Occupation in September 1945. (See page 187) 00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page iii Hirohito: The Sho¯wa Emperor in War and Peace Ikuhiko Hata NIHON UNIVERSITY Edited by Marius B. Jansen GLOBAL ORIENTAL 00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page iv HIROHITO: THE SHO¯ WA EMPEROR IN WAR AND PEACE by Ikuhiko Hata Edited by Marius B. Jansen First published in 2007 by GLOBAL ORIENTAL LTD P.O. Box 219 Folkestone Kent CT20 2WP UK www.globaloriental.co.uk © Ikuhiko Hata, 2007 ISBN 978-1-905246-35-9 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library Set in Garamond 11 on 12.5 pt by Mark Heslington, Scarborough, North Yorkshire Printed and bound in England by Athenaeum Press, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear 00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page vi 00 Prelims H:Master Testpages Enigma 6/6/07 15:00 Page v Contents The Author and the Book vii Editor’s Preface -
HIRATA KOKUGAKU and the TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon
SPIRITS AND IDENTITY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY NORTHEASTERN JAPAN: HIRATA KOKUGAKU AND THE TSUGARU DISCIPLES by Gideon Fujiwara A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2013 © Gideon Fujiwara, 2013 ABSTRACT While previous research on kokugaku , or nativism, has explained how intellectuals imagined the singular community of Japan, this study sheds light on how posthumous disciples of Hirata Atsutane based in Tsugaru juxtaposed two “countries”—their native Tsugaru and Imperial Japan—as they transitioned from early modern to modern society in the nineteenth century. This new perspective recognizes the multiplicity of community in “Japan,” which encompasses the domain, multiple levels of statehood, and “nation,” as uncovered in recent scholarship. My analysis accentuates the shared concerns of Atsutane and the Tsugaru nativists toward spirits and the spiritual realm, ethnographic studies of commoners, identification with the north, and religious thought and worship. I chronicle the formation of this scholarly community through their correspondence with the head academy in Edo (later Tokyo), and identify their autonomous character. Hirao Rosen conducted ethnography of Tsugaru and the “world” through visiting the northern island of Ezo in 1855, and observing Americans, Europeans, and Qing Chinese stationed there. I show how Rosen engaged in self-orientation and utilized Hirata nativist theory to locate Tsugaru within the spiritual landscape of Imperial Japan. Through poetry and prose, leader Tsuruya Ariyo identified Mount Iwaki as a sacred pillar of Tsugaru, and insisted one could experience “enjoyment” from this life and beyond death in the realm of spirits. -
Discover the Natural, Ancient & Modern Wonders Aboard the MS Caledonian Sky May & June 2019
SPECIAL OFFER – saVE £500 PER PERSON JAPAN DISCOVER THE NATURAL, ANCIENT & MODERN WONDERS ABOARD THE MS CALEDONIAN SKY MAY & JUNE 2019 ms caledonian sky Deluxe Balcony Suite On Deck The Restaurant The MS Caledonian Sky is one of our three flag ships and sister vessel to the MS Island Sky and MS Hebridean Sky. All three vessels were built in the same ship yard in Italy at similar times and share the same excellent attributes that make them three of the finest small ships in the world. With a maximum passenger capacity of only 114, a vessel of her size is capable of carrying many more but instead the MS Caledonian Sky has the benefit of unusually large suites, luxuriously appointed public areas and spacious outside decks. Your Suite Your Dining On board there are 57 exceptionally With only one sitting and a maximum of just over 100 passengers, the spacious and well designed suites. cuisine on board the MS Caledonian Sky is of a consistent superior The passenger accommodation is quality that befits such a vessel. In keeping with the informal atmosphere arranged over four decks and all suites on board, when dining you are able to choose your seating arrangements have outside views. All feature a sitting and choice of restaurants at your leisure; whether that be joining a table area and some have private balconies. of four to six other passengers in the elegant à la carte Restaurant or Each affords considerable comfort with outside buffet-style on the Lido Deck in the evening sunshine. In the main en-suite bathroom featuring a country Restaurant, breakfast is served buffet-style, with certain items cooked to style wash basin, heated towel rail, order on request. -
Cherry Blossom Tours Blossom Tours Japan 2020
Cherry Blossom Tours Japan 2020 Version 2.01, Updated 26 December 2019 Japan Custom Tours Limited JapanCustomTours.Co.Nz 東京都Կӑ区区区歌ƞ伎ব222---252525 ---8 (8 ( スイーーート 411) Tokyo, Japan Cherry Blossom Tours Japan 2020 --- Tour Summaries YokosoYokoso————WelcomeWelcome Each cherry blossom (sakura) season is slightly different, the weather is the main driver of the blossom dates as spring ar- rives. In 2016 the cherry blossom season hit its peak in Kyoto and Tokyo right on time at the end of March and beginning of April providing some great displays. In 2017, the season initial- ly was forecast to be slightly early, but ended up a little late due to cold weather. The 2018 cherry blossom season was more than a week early in some locations and a few days early at oth- ers. In each case we made slight adjustments to our schedule to deliver stunning displays. Due to positive feedback from our guests we are repeating our core two-week cherry blossom tours that begin and end in To- kyo in each case. The first of these tours commences on March 15th with start dates of 29th March and 15th April for the following two tours. alps and the onsen (hot spring) town of Kamiyamada/ We have a couple of 10-day tours. These shorter trips include Togura for a stay at a traditional Japanese Inn. the flexibility to add extra days at the start or end of the trip, for those wanting extra free time in Tokyo or time to explore Inserting a location popular with previous guests we head nearby locations such as day-trips to the nearby Hakone. -
History of Akita Castle
History of Akita Castle KUMAGAI Kimio Akita Castle is a josaku (government fortification) located in the northernmost domains of Japan and among the ancient josaku it is unique and of great interest in terms of significant changes to its historical background. This paper traces the history of Akita Castle, from the formation of Akita district through to the Gangyo War and clarifies its distinctive characteristics. The foundation of Akita Castle originated with the creation of Dewa no Ki (a government fortifica- tion in the Dewa area), which was moved out of Ideha County and relocated to Akita Village in 733. Akita Dewa no Ki was positioned as a controlling stronghold in the northern districts governed in accordance with the ritsuryo codes; however, unlike regular josaku, its control of its domains was weak. Subsequently, due to a period of reorganization of josaku by the Nakamaro administration, Monou Castle and Okachi Castle were constructed, and at this time Dewa no Ki was renamed Akita Castle, and connected with Mutsu Province by a route on the post-station system, alleviating its isolated location to some degree. However, later, reinforcement of territorial control brought conflict with the natives of Ezo or the northerners, so it became difficult to defend, and in 770 the Dewa Province requested the closure of Akita Castle. The central government approved the request, but a little later the Thirty-Eight Years’ War broke out, and residents in the castle area refused to move to Kawabe County in the south; for this reason, the closure of the castle was postponed. The reorganization of josaku conducted in the reign of Emperor Kammu, aiming at controlling the Ezo mountain route marked a great turning point in the history of Akita Castle. -
Modernization in the Conversion of Castle Sites to Parks As Seen in the Park Designs of Nagaoka Yasuhei and Honda Seiroku
Urban and Regional Planning Review Vol. 4, 2017 | 211 Modernization in the Conversion of Castle Sites to Parks as Seen in the Park Designs of Nagaoka Yasuhei and Honda Seiroku Nonaka Katsutoshi * Abstract This study aims to elucidate the nature of the conversions of castle sites to public parks in modern times, based on specific park designs of two landscape gardeners, Nagaoka Yasuhei and Honda Seiroku. The study covers four parks created on castle sites: Senshu Park (designed in 1896, Kubota Castle site) and Iwate Park (designed in 1906, Morioka Castle site), both of which were designed by Nagaoka; and Tokushima Park (designed in 1905, Tokushima Castle site) and Wakayama Park (designed in 1915, Wakayama Castle site), which were designed by Honda. Considering the timing and circumstances of the conversions, it can be seen that castle site parks have aspects of commemoration as well as expressing the relationship with the state and historical regional characteristics. The more recent the park design, the more destruction of the remaining earthworks and fortifications it involves. Moreover, there is neither evidence that designers referred to archival records of space or uses of space in pre-modern times on the sites nor of any relationship between park design details and such records or uses. At Senshu Park and Iwate Park, both of which were designed comparatively early, destruction of earthworks and fortifications was limited. The fact that each project was implemented faithfully in accordance with its original design means that such designs were accepted by the bodies implementing the projects. At Tokushima Park the layout of the facilities was changed from the original design. -
Encyclopedia of Japanese History Version 0.3.1
Encyclopedia of Japanese History version 0.3.1 compiled by Chris Spackman July 6, 2002 2 Contents 1 Frontmatter 5 2 Main Entries: Abe—Zeami 15 A Chronological List of Emperors 281 B Prime Ministers, 1885 to Present 285 C Alphabetical List of the Prefectures 289 D Provinces and Corresponding Prefectures 291 E Chronological List of Nengo 295 F List of the Shogun¯ 303 G GNU Free Documentation License 305 Bibliography 315 Index 317 3 Chapter 1 Frontmatter Copyright Notice Copyright c 2002 Chris Spackman Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is in- cluded in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.” 5 6 CHAPTER 1. FRONTMATTER History This encyclopedia started as a web site back in 1998. As I added more and more pages, the limitations of html for a large project began to show, so in late 2000 I switched everything over to LATEX. This work was originally published under the Open Content License but I repub- lished it under the GNU Free Documentation License in March 2001. Please see the copyright section and the GNU License at the back of the book for more de- tails. 0.3.1 There are several new appendices, one of which is the list of emperors that used to be included in the emperor entry. -
For the Study of Wooden Documents No.1
PROCEEDINGS OF JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF WOODEN DOCUMENTS NO.1 1979 CONTENTS Page Foreword一―Publshing Wttssage ..… ………………………………・・………… 1 WOOden Documents Excavated in 1978 3 0utline; Explanatory Notes He邁 6 Palace Site,Nara Prefecture;F� iwara Palace Site,Nara Prё と fecturei lく idera Temple Site, Nara Prefecture; NagaOka Palace Site and the Remains of Nagaoka Capital, Ky6tO Prefecture,Remains of Nishi‐ ichi in Heian Capital, Ky6to Prefecturei Site of the Eighth Ward of the Third Avenue, Eastern Sector in Heian Capital, Ky6tO Prefecturei Remains of Yoshidaminami, Hy6go Prefecture; Remains of Shi140g6ri, �lie Prefecture; Remains of Kobanden, �tie Prefecturei Remains of Ninomiya, Shizuoka Prefecture; Remains of Shiroyama,Shizuoka Prefecture,Remains of lba,Shizuoka Prefecture; Remains of �【ikogaya, Shizuoka Prefecture; Remains of rlirakata, Yamagata Prefecture;Remains of KinOwanosaku, Yamagata Prefec‐ ture;Rehains Of Dδ nomae,Yamagata Prefecturei The Akita Castle Site, Akita Prefecturei Remains of Kusadosengen― cho, Ihroshima Prefecture; Remains of the Streets of OnoHlichi City, IIiroshilna Prefecturei Remains around NagatO― kOkufu, Yamaguchi Prefecture; Remains of a Temple in h/1iyake;Fukubka Prefecture Wooden Documents Excavated befOre 1978 。..。 .・ ・・・・●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●・・・ 50 Remains of HOttanOsaku, Akita Prefecture; Remains Of Yui, �【ie Prefecture; He靖 6 Palace Site(5th. Excavation), Nara Prefecture; He巧 6 Palace Site(7th.Excavation),Nara Prefecture,Wooden Docu‐ ments in Sh6s6in repositery Present Situation of the Study Of Chinese -
Tohoku Sakura Tour (April 13 – April 23, 2022) HIGHLIGHTS of the TOUR: Wisteria in Tokyo, Cherry Blossom in Morioka, Akita, Aomori, and Hakodate
758 Kapahulu Ave. #220, Honolulu, HI. 96816 Tel. No.: (808) 739-9010 ** Fax no: (808) 735-0142 ** TAR#4988 Tohoku Sakura Tour (April 13 – April 23, 2022) HIGHLIGHTS of the TOUR: Wisteria in Tokyo, Cherry blossom in Morioka, Akita, Aomori, and Hakodate. See snow walls in Iwate and Akita Prefecture, 4 nights to soak in hot springs in Morioka & Hakodate. Riding Bullet Train from Shinagawa to Morioka and Shin Aomori to Hakodate thru Seikan Tunnel Wednesday, Apr 13th Honolulu – Tokyo/ Haneda 9:15a.m. Please meet your tour coordinator, TOMOMI SHIMABUKURO at the Japan Airlines baggage check-in area located at Lobby #5. 11:55a.m. Depart on Japan Airlines Flt. #073 bound for TOKYO/HANEDA, JAPAN A meal will be served one hour after take-off. In-flight meals: LUNCH: Main entrée’: Beef or Chicken, Salad, Miso Soup, & Seasonal Ice Cream Prior to arrival: Croissant Sandwich with Yogurt Throughout the flight, you can enjoy JAL's SKY TIME drink (real “Yuzu” Citrus Juice), other soft drinks, assorted beers, wines, sake, coffee, tea, and green tea are complimentary. Complimentary In-flight Movies like: New Popular Movies , Japanese, Chinese, & Korean Movies. Over 40 Music Channels (You can make your own Playlist), and limited games too. Thursday, Apr 14th _____Tokyo/ Haneda – Tokyo (Shinagawa) 4:00p.m. Arrival at Haneda International Airport. Upon arrival, immigrations and custom procedures are required. After immigration, please pickup your own baggage from the carousel and go thru custom. **Meet your bilingual tour guide: Ms. Yuuki Kobayashi ** We will then proceed to board the chartered bus to TOKYO, SHINAGAWA. -
Northern Tohoku and Tsugaru Emishi After the Conquest
Northern Tohoku and Tsugaru Emishi after the Conquest During the post conquest period the Emishi who were not conquered further north continued to pose problems for the Japanese state, but there was little the latter could do. Exhausted from a century of war the state was itself unable to justify a further push northward due to the diminishing returns of such an invasion, and the difficulties of holding onto the territory north of what is now Morioka. The invasion of the Tohoku and the conquest of the Isawa Emishi took a considerable amount of time and resources and even after the conquest holding onto the gains and administering the territory was all the government could do. The Emishi did not disappear suddenly after 811 when the Japanese army was victorious under Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, but they too changed their approach to the Japanese state. The Tsugaru Emishi became the most powerful group in the post conquest period. Many northern Emishi left beyond the frontier became fushu (Emishi allies) and instead of fighting against the Japanese fought amongst themselves and against the Watarito (Hokkaido) Emishi in the ninth century. There were a number of reasons that held the Japanese state back after the conquest of the Tohoku. The most important of these reasons was the lack of Japanese migrants in the area north of present day Morioka, and unlike the wide Sendai and Kitakami plains the northern regions were heavily forested and mountainous not easily amenable to agricultural development. The Tsugaru area corresponding to northern Aomori prefecture was a natural gateway to Hokkaido and was an important transitional area where trade relations between Japan and the Emishi of Hokkaido took place. -
Natsumero Goodwill Tour
758 Kapahulu Ave. #220, Honolulu, HI. 96816 Kitakami Tenshochi Park Ishiwari Sakura Tsunagi Onsen En route to TSUNAGI ONSEN, we will make 1 stop in MORIOKA CITY’S ISHIWARI SAKURA, there is a large granite boulder 21 meters in circumference in the garden in front of the Morioka District Court. The 360 year-old Edohigan cherry tree that grew out of a crack in the boulder has been designated as a national natural treasure in 1923. The Morioka District Court was built on the site where the house of the Nanbu domain lords' branch family used to be. Check-in at YUMORI HOTEL TAIKAN for 2 nights stay, western style room. The hotel offers 100% pure natural hot spring water. Kaiseki Dinner Set Menu at the hotel. ( B, D ) Monday, Apr 22nd Morioka___________________________ 7:00a.m.(starts) Buffet Breakfast at the hotel. After breakfast, first stop at MORIOKA TEZURI MURA, a facility where you can “see, touch, and create” various traditional craftworks and foods of Morioka. There are 2 main areas: the Workshop Area and the Exhibition Area. In the Workshop Area, there are 14 workshops where you can buy products, watch professional craftsmen at work, and get hands-on experience making original goods. Today’s hands on expe ience, will be making “CHAGU CHAGU HORSE” and NAMBU SENBEI. Hinokinai River Kakunodate Town Port Tower Selion Lunch en route. AKITA PORT TOWER SELION, the symbol of AkitaPort. Here you can enjoy a 360-degree panorama view from 100 meters above. In Selion Garden, located on the first floor of Selion, you will find fresh picked vegetables and specialty products of Akita for sale. -
174. Kaneko Sachiko and Morrell, Robert E
Sanctuary: Kamakurals T5keiji Convent KANEKO Sachiko and Robert E. MORRELL The littel doughter of Fidaia Sam ma is [a] shorne non in this [TEkeiji] monestary, only to save her Life, for it is a sanctuary and no justis may take her out. SO COMMENTS Richard Cocks (d. 16241, Captain of the English Factory at Hirado, in a marginal note of his diary for the entry of 18 October 1616. Cocks and his employee, Will Adams (Miura Anjin, 1564-16201, had been to Edo to negotiate trade agreements with the Shogun,, Tokugawa Ieyasu (1544-16161, and were passing through Kamakura on their return to the- small trading island off the coast of Kyushu (Thompson 18831. It was the year after the battle for Osaka Castle, where Toyotomi Hideyori (1593-1665), Hideyoshi1s son and successor, committed suicide after his defeat by the forces of Ieyasu. "The littel doughter of Fidaia [Hideyori] Samma" was taken to the Tbkeiji and became its twentieth abbess, Tenshi (1608-1645). Tbkeiji, the convent at which Hideyori's daughter became a "shorne non," was founded in 1285 by Kakusan Shid6 (1252-13061, widow of the eighth Hbj6 regent, Toki- mune (1251-1284). A convent in the traditional sense, it has been better known for being a "sanctuary" for the few unhappy women who managed to be accepted within its confines. Their total number cannot have been very large, but the Tbkeiji at least served as a symbol of social justice for six centuries until the early Mejii period. Its role gives us insight into one function which religion played for Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 10/2-3 1983 195 KANEKO Sachiko and Robert E.