DOCSLIB.ORG

The Impact of Refugee's Pre-Migration And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Impact of Refugee's Pre-Migration And SRI LANKAN TAMIL DIASPORA: CONTEXTUALIZING PRE-MIGRATION AND POST- MIGRATION TRAUMATIC EVENTS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS By Miriam George A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Social Work University of Toronto © Copyright by Miriam George (2009) ABSTRACT Title: Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora: Contextualizing Pre-Migration and Post- Migration Traumatic Events and Psychological Distress Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Year: 2009 Author: Miriam George School: Faculty of Social Work, University Of Toronto The objective of this study was to generate a deeper understanding of the influence of pre- and post-migration traumatic experiences on refugees’ psychological distress, including historical, political and social factors. This dissertation used a multi-method design to examine the impact of trauma on the psychological well-being of refugees. Further, the design included a quatitative component to provide a contextual framework for understanding refugee psychological distress that is not limited to an analysis of a disease model alone but by also making connections to important historical, social and political events. Post-Colonial, Refugee, Trauma and Feminist theories are used as analytic lenses to explain the social structures and events contributing to refugees’ pre- and post-migration traumatic events, and psychological distress. This was an international study that spanned two continents. Sampling included 50 Sri Lankan Tamil refugee participants who lived in Chennai, India and 50 Sri Lankan refugees in Toronto, Canada. Inclusion criteria included a residency period of the last 12 months in either of the sampling sites, and participants 18 years of age or older. Participants from Toronto were recruited through social service agencies and associations, and participants from Chennai were recruited from refugee camps, and the Organization for Elam Refugee Rehabilitation. Tamil versions of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, the Post-Migration Living Difficulties Questionnaire, and the ii Symptoms Check List – 90R were utilized to measure participants’ pre- and post-migration traumatic events and psychological distress. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire contained qualitative open-ended questions to triangulate the quantitative data in identifying and exploring the impact of contextual influences. Results showed that post-migration traumatic event scores positively predicted psychological distress, and refugee claimants living in Canada had the highest scores on pre-migration and post- migration scores. The qualitative analysis revealed themes related to civil war and resettlement as significant issues. Implications of these findings support the development and incorporation of a multi-level approach within social work practice which emphasizes contextual issues, focuses on individuals, and promotes social advocacy. The advocacy role of social workers suggests that better integration of micro and macro systems should be aimed for more consistently since internal and external factors interact to effect psychological functioning. Recommendations for future research point to conducting longitudinal studies to assess the cumulative effects of historical, social and political factors on refugees and identify resiliencies that mobilize their capacity to survive. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For the memory of the Tamils who fought for their rights during the Sri Lankan Genocide......... Completing a doctoral dissertation is a great accomplishment in anyone’s life. By completing this international scientific study, I am bringing to life the urgency of recognizing the unique voices of the Sri Lankan Tamil community that can enlighten and inspire readers to work towards social justice in Sri Lanka. The more I thought about writing this acknowledgement section, the more I realized that the people I have known throughout my life journey in India and Canada have contributed in creating this work. The Indian village of Koratty, where I was born and brought up, gave me the space to cultivate and expand my creativity -starting from the Little Flower Girls School where I started my education, to the Koratty Muthi Church where my life moved forward. It’s all about Koratty, the place I was born and brought up, and the people in Koratty who encouraged my carefree spirit. Wherever I go, my memories of Koratty are my constant companion. I am stumbling now to find the right words to express my gratitude to my hometown. However, I believe that acknowledging my deepest connection to my village and its people, even after I left the village 20 years ago, proves my true feelings to my home town. Canada brought a great deal of new experiences for me. My memories include individuals who inspired me to transform my previous experiences into hope and purpose. Two organizations: the University of Toronto and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) played a huge role in who I am today. The University of Toronto is truly a home away from my real home. The comfort and support I received from the Faculty of Social Work is unforgettable. No words are enough to express my gratitude for the intense mentorship and brilliant organization skills of Professor Ramona Allagia, my Doctoral supervisor, who guided me to complete my international research in four years. Her support and encouragement for me to complete this dissertation in a short period of time taught me so much about leadership and commitment to social work research. Professor Charmaine Williams - my mentor, my doctoral committee member, a researcher, a social worker, a social activist and an educator - played a significant role in the last 11 years of my Canadian life. Her activism for the rights of people with severe mental illness and her commitment to diversity is a guiding light for any social worker. Her high energy and motivating presence is a blessing for students especially for those who are coming from vulnerable backgrounds. Professor Tahany Gadalla came as a calming presence during my doctoral program. Her patience is her most admirable virtue which is a valuable asset for any educator. I would like to express many thanks to Professor Gadalla for providing me with stress- free statistical analysis lessons to complete my study. I extremely iv appreciate Professor Uzo Anucha’s commitment to my research and her endless support to me as a social researcher from South Asia. The continuous support by many staff from the University of Toronto including Professor Adrienne Chambon, Professor Rupaleem Bhuyan, Professor Michael Saini, Sharon Bewell, Angela Umbrello and Kay Ramdass is also very much appreciated. The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health provided the best research and practice environment for me. My heartfelt thanks to my CAMH colleagues, specifically to Akwatu Khenti; Debbie Thompson; Mahreen Hasan; Dr. Michael Bagby; as well as the Education and Health Promotion program; the Psycho-Geriatric program; the Mood and Anxiety Program and the Pro Act –Schizophrenia program, for accepting and encouraging my dream to be a researcher. To my husband, James George: destiny brought us together from opposite sides of the world. You have been a rock for me in completing this doctoral program. Thank you for believing in my strengths as a social worker and a researcher. To my daughter Amie, you were born in my heart. My activism and passion for women’s rights in the South Asian community are for you to have and live a life of your choice. My only wish for you is to continue my passion in the very best way you can. To my son Varkey: when I look at you, I see the pain you went through with your health issues as a baby and admire the strength and resilience you demonstrated to get through and be the energetic, and charming boy you are today. Thank you for continuing to make me a special person in your life and I hope and wish that you will follow the footsteps of your namesake. To my mother Elizabeth and my brothers Paul and Jojo: I know in my heart that I never followed the traditions you had expected. However, I acknowledge your confidence in my ability to carry my life as an independent working woman and thank you for your immense support during my many challenging and difficult times. A special acknowledgement for Amma, thank you for being a wonderful mother and grandmother to my children during my busy work/school schedule. I hope that your love and values will continue to flourish in their life. The Kuttikat family paved the way for me to become a strong, independent and educated woman with my own opinions. My doctoral dissertation would not be completed without acknowledging one of the most powerful women in my life: my paternal grandmother and my namesake Mariamkutty Maliakkal. Her vision affirmed women’s value in society and continued to keep my spirit strong even after her death 33 years ago. I would also like to express my gratitude to my paternal aunts and uncles who encouraged me to have dreams and dream higher every day. The Erinjery family brought the blessing of laughter into my life. I fondly v remember my maternal aunts and uncles who used laughter to live their lives to their fullest. Sincere appreciation to the Madapallimattam family for their care during many difficult times. Recognizing the contributions of my friends in India and Canada during my personal journey is immeasurable. They were my defense during many rocky times and let me think through many of my creative ideas out loud. Many thanks to Anna Varghese, Preetha Paul, Raji Lakshmi, Shivaranjini, Anita Valliancourt, Steven Solomon, Charlene Cook, Magnus McCarthy, Stephen Willoughby, Cecilia Manicatide, and Betty Gillard, who helped me to be who I am. My deep appreciation to the Tamil Elam Society of Canada, the Canadian Mental Health Association, the Organization for Elam Refugee Rehabilitation, the Refugee authorities in Maviran, Gokulam, the Old refugee camps in Chennai, and to Dr. Mohandas and Dr. Shiva Nambi for making this endeavor successful.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Before the Madurai Bench of Madras High Court
    1 BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT DATED : 17.06.2019 CORAM : THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE G.R.SWAMINATHAN WP(MD)No.5253 of 2009 1.P.Ulaganathan 2.U.Jegatheeswaran 3.U.Atheeswaran 4.Yogeswaran 5.M.Sarvapoosanam 6.Thanikkodi 7.V.Nagalingam 8.S.Thanneri 9.M.Nagamuthu 10.S.Jeganathan 11.K.Selvaraj 12.S.Sasikala 13.N.Chandrakumar 14.N.Raja 15.J.Vijayakumar 16.Annamalai 2 17.M.Natarajan 18.N.Suseela 19.J.Thavamani 20.W.Selladurai 21.P.Chithan 22.C.Santhakumar 23.T.Sevanthiselvan 24.S.Kamaleswaran 25.M.P.Kulasekarapandian 26.M.Subramanian 27.V.Selvaraj 28.Mariyappan 29.Manickam 30.R.Krishnasamy 31.D.Kamaldevi 32.Gunaseelan 33.Gopalakrishnan 34.Ramachandran 35.S.Balusamy 36.K.Muniyandi 3 37.R.Subbiah 38.R.Sarojadevi 39.R.Murugaiah 40.K.Rathinam 41.N.Ranjitham 42.M.Muthulingam 43.R.Selvaraj 44.M.Theivanai 45.Kasthuri 46.K.Naguleswaran 47.S.Prabaharan 48.P.Parvathy 49.Kayambu 50.Rengammal 51.Annalatchimi 52.R.Perumal 53.R.Sarasu 54.M.Balasubramanian 55.M.Mugundan 56.K.Muthukrishnan 57.T.Annamalai 4 58.R.Ravindrakumar 59.V.Pamiladevi 60.S.Mayilvaganam 61.M.Manoharan 62.M.Yogarasa 63.Sivakumar 64.Sukumar 65.Ilamaran ... Petitioners Vs. 1.The Government of India, rep.by its Secretary to Government, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, South Block, New Delhi – 1. 2.The Government of India, rep.by its Secretary to the Government, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, North Block, New Delhi – 1.
    [Show full text]
  • National Fate and Empire: George Grant and Canadian Foreign Policy
    National Fate and Empire: George Grant and Canadian Foreign Policy by Scott Staring A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Scott Patrick Staring 2010 National Fate and Empire: George Grant and Canadian Foreign Policy Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Scott Staring Department of Political Science University of Toronto Abstract This study examines the foreign policy views of the Canadian thinker, George Grant. It focuses on the years between Mackenzie King’s re-election in 1935 and the Liberal party’s return to power under Lester Pearson in 1963. During this period, Grant argued, Canada was transformed from a British dependent to a satellite of the United States, a process that he believed had been accelerated by the continentalist economic and security policies of successive Liberal governments. As a young man during World War II, Grant admired the United States of F. D. Roosevelt. But as he began to contemplate the threat that a postwar Pax Americana posed to the societies of the Old World, and, ultimately, to Canada, his misgivings grew. His attempts to understand the emerging order led him to a critical study of modern liberalism, which he believed provided the chief philosophical justification for America’s expansion. Unlike Marxists who saw liberalism as simply an ideology of ii individual greed, Grant claimed that it succeeded largely by appealing to our hopes for social progress. These hopes found their loftiest expression in the belief that liberalism’s internationalization would produce the conditions for the overcoming of war within and between nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Gulf of Mannar Database
    1 DATABASE ON GULF OF MANNAR BIOSPHERE RESERVE ENVIS Centre Department of Environment Government of Tamil Nadu Chennai-15 2015 2 1. Introduction The Gulf of Mannar, the first Marine Biosphere Reserve (GOMMBR) in the South and South East Asia, running down south from Rameswaram to Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, India is situated between Longitudes 78008 E to 79030 E and along Latitudes from 8035 N to 9025 N (Figs.1 & 2). This Marine Biosphere Reserve encompasses a chain of 21 islands (2 islands already submerged) and adjoining coral reefs off the coasts of the Ramanathapuram and the Tuticorin districts forming the core zone; the Marine National Park and the buffer zone includes the surrounding seascape and a 10 km strip of the coastal landscape covering a total area of 10,500 Km2, in the Ramanathapuram, Tuticorin, Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari Districts with a long coastline of 364.9 Km. The importance of the Gulf of Mannar region dates back to the 2nd Century AD because of its highly productive pearl oyster banks and other religious significance. In India, the Gulf of Mannar region in Tamil Nadu is one of the four major coral reef areas and the others are Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat, Lakhsadweep and Andaman and Nicobar islands. Fig.1: Map showing Tamil Nadu state with Gulf of Mannar location 3 Fig.2: Map showing the Gulf of Mannar with 21 islands The Gulf of Mannar has drawn attention of conservationists even before the initiation of the Man and Biosphere (MAB) program by the UNESCO in 1971. With its rich biodiversity of about 4223 species of various flora and fauna, part of this Gulf of Mannar between Rameswaram and Tuticoirin covering 21 islands and the surrounding shallow coastal waters has been declared as a Marine National Park in 1986 by the Government of Tamil Nadu and later the first Marine Biosphere Reserve of India in 1989 by the Government of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Engaging Iran Australian and Canadian Relations with the Islamic Republic Engaging Iran Australian and Canadian Relations with the Islamic Republic
    Engaging Iran Australian and Canadian Relations with the Islamic Republic Engaging Iran Australian and Canadian Relations with the Islamic Republic Robert J. Bookmiller Gulf Research Center i_m(#ÆAk pA'v@uB Dubai, United Arab Emirates (_}A' !_g B/9lu( s{4'1q {xA' 1_{4 b|5 )smdA'c (uA'f'1_B%­'=¡(/ *_D |w@_> TBMFT!HSDBF¡CEudA'sGu( XXXHSDBFeCudC­'?B uG_GAE#­'c`}A' i_m(#ÆAk pA'v@uB9f1s{5 )smdA'c (uA'f'1_B%­'cAE/ i_m(#ÆAk pA'v@uBª E#'Gvp*E#'B!v,¢#'E#'1's{5%­''tDu{xC)/_9%_(n{wGL­i_m(#ÆAk pA'v@uAc8mBmA' , ¡dA'E#'c>EuA'&_{3A'B¢#'c}{3'(E#'c j{w*E#'cGuG{y*E#'c A"'E#'c CEudA%'eC_@c {3EE#'{4¢#_(9_,ud{3' i_m(#ÆAk pA'v@uBB`{wB¡}.0%'9{ymA'E/B`d{wA'¡>ismd{wd{3 *4#/b_dA{w{wdA'¡A_A'?uA' k pA'v@uBuCc,E9)1Eu{zA_(u`*­E @1_{xA'!'1"'9u`*1's{5%­''tD¡>)/1'==A'uA'f_,E i_m(#ÆA Gulf Research Center 187 Oud Metha Tower, 11th Floor, 303 Sheikh Rashid Road, P. O. Box 80758, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Tel.: +971 4 324 7770 Fax: +971 3 324 7771 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.grc.ae First published 2009 i_m(#ÆAk pA'v@uB Gulf Research Center (_}A' !_g B/9lu( Dubai, United Arab Emirates s{4'1q {xA' 1_{4 b|5 )smdA'c (uA'f'1_B%­'=¡(/ © Gulf Research Center 2009 *_D All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in |w@_> a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, TBMFT!HSDBF¡CEudA'sGu( XXXHSDBFeCudC­'?B mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Gulf Research Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Poverty and Reefs; 2003
    POVERTY AND REEFS VOLUME 1 A GLOBAL OVERVIEW IMM Ltd Emma Whittingham, Jock Campbell and Philip Townsley IMM Ltd Innovation Centre Rennes Drive Exeter University Campus Exeter EX4 4RN IMM Ltd United Kingdom http://www.ex.ac.uk/imm DFID Department for International Development 1 Palace Street London SW1E 5HE United Kingdom http://www.dfid.gov.uk/ IOC/UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO 1 Rue Miollis 75732 Paris Cedex 15 France http://www.ioc.unesco.org POVERTY AND REEFS VOLUME 1: A GLOBAL OVERVIEW Emma Whittingham Jock Campbell Philip Townsley i © 2003 IMM Ltd, Exeter, UK Typeset by Exe Valley Dataset Ltd, Exeter, UK Project Management by Swales & Willis, Exeter, UK Printed in France. Reference number: IOC/UNESCO/INF-1188, Poverty and Reefs, Volume 1: Global Overview, Volume 2: Case Studies. 260pp. Citation: “Whittingham, E., Campbell, J. and Townsley, P. (2003). Poverty and Reefs, DFID–IMM–IOC/UNESCO, 260pp.” Printed and distributed free by: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO 1, Rue Miollis, 75015 Paris, France. Tel: +33 1 45 68 10 10, Fax: +33 1 45 68 58 12 Website: http://ioc.unesco.org, Email: [email protected] DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariats of UNESCO and IOC concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or its authorities, or concerning the elimination of the frontiers of any country or territory. This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome Aboard, Mr.Chancellor
    17915 Trinity 4/25/07 2:09 PM Page 1 TRINITY ALUMNI MAGAZINE SPRING 2007 VOLUME 44 NUMBER 2 Welcome Aboard, Mr.Chancellor Bill Graham returns, as chancellor, to Trinity WHAT IS TRINITY? Margaret MacMillan reflects on a well-loved college YOU’VE GOT TO BE A FOOTBALL HERO The Mulock Cup victors of 1957 THE RED JACKETS No, they are not a newfangled political party The Hon. Bill Graham 17915 Trinity 4/25/07 2:09 PM Page 2 FromtheProvost The Last Word In her final column as Provost, Margaret MacMillan takes her leave with a fervent ‘Thank you, all’ hen I became Provost of this college five years not mean slavishly keeping every tradition, but picking out what was ago, I discovered all sorts of unexpected duties, important in what we inherited and discarding what was not. Estab- such as the long flower bed along Hoskin lished ways of doing things should never become a straitjacket. In W Avenue. When Bill Chisholm, then the build- my view, Trinity’s key traditions are its openness to difference, ing manager, told me on a cold January day that the Provost whether in ideas or people, its generous admiration for achievement always chose the plants, I did the only sensible thing and called in all fields, its tolerance, and its respect for the rule of law. my mother. She has looked after it ever since, with the results that I have made some changes while I have been here. Perhaps the so many of you have admired every summer. I also learned that I ones I feel proudest of are creating a single post of Dean of Students had to write this letter three times a year for the magazine.
    [Show full text]
  • Women Refugees in Kanyakumari District
    © 2018 JETIR September 2018, Volume 5, Issue 9 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Women Refugees in Kanyakumari District T. Dhivya Ph.D. Research Scholar Post Graduate and Research Department of History, Women’s Christian College, Nagercoil – 629 001. Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli – 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract : In any refugee crisis the most affected and vulnerable are women and children. The Srilankan civil war lashed for three decades, forced lakhs of people to flee from their homeland, and they settled in Tamilnadu. The Indian government and the non- government organization rendered many helps to the refugees by extending schemes like Self-help groups, empowering women, counseling, advocacy and the like. The refugees living in camps across Tamil Nadu, have been receiving various relief measures of the Central and State Governments. Key Words: Asylum, Refugees, Tamils, Conflict, War, Redressal. Introduction Refugees are extremely displaced people who have a well founded fear of persecution in their countries of origin and hence cannot return. Migrants on the other hand, cross international borders in search of better socio-economic conditions and so do not possess a well founded fear of persecution upon return. Refugees are people who have fled from their motherland because of war, ethnic conflict and personal danger. They are extremely displaced people with a well founded fear of persecution in their countries on the basis of race; religion, nationality, political beliefs and unable to return to their own countries. Sri Lanka, is described as a tear dropped from the Indian face. Today the land, awash with unending violence epitomizes this description.
    [Show full text]
  • Tamil Nadu – Sri Lankan Tamils – LTTE – Police
    Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: IND35727 Country: India Date: 1 December 2009 Keywords: India – Tamil Nadu – Sri Lankan Tamils – LTTE – Police This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Question 1. Is there any information on how many Sri Lankans, without Indian citizenship, are living in Tamil Nadu? What is the attitude of the local authorities towards Sri Lankan Tamils? Are persons being arrested as suspected LTTE supporters? If so what kind of profile do the arrested persons have? RESPONSE 1. Is there any information on how many Sri Lankans, without Indian citizenship, are living in Tamil Nadu? What is the attitude of the local authorities towards Sri Lankan Tamils? Are persons being arrested as suspected LTTE supporters? If so what kind of profile do the arrested persons have? Introductory Overview A November 2009 article by Dr V. Suryanarayan, of the Centre for South and Southeast Asian Studies at the University of Madras, has provided a substantive overview of the situation of the thousands of ethnic Tamil Sri Lankans currently living in Tamil Nadu, noting that: “The Sri Lankan Tamils in Tamil Nadu can be divided into four categories.
    [Show full text]
  • Graduation August 2016
    GRADUATION FRIDAY, AUGUST 5, 2016 11:00 A.M. BON SECOURS WELLNESS ARENA PROCESSIONAL Dr. Debi Switzer, University Marshal (Please remain standing for the processional, National Anthem and reflection.) NATIONAL ANTHEM REFLECTION Isiah Vincent Hamilton, Graduating Senior INTRODUCTION OF TRUSTEES President James P Clements RECOGNITION OF THE DEANS OF THE COLLEGES Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs Robert H Jones CONFERRING OF DEGREES AND DELIVERY OF DIPLOMAS President James P Clements ALMA MATER (Please remain standing for the Alma Mater and recessional.) RECESSIONAL TIGER RAG BOARD OF TRUSTEES ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS E Smyth McKissick III, Chair ............................Easley, SC James P Clements .................................................President John N McCarter, Jr., Vice Chair ...............Columbia, SC Maxwell Allen .................................................Chief of Staff David E Dukes ............................................Columbia, SC Robert H Jones ...................... Executive Vice President for Leon J Hendrix, Jr. .............................. Kiawah Island, SC Academic Affairs and Provost Ronald D Lee .....................................................Aiken, SC George R Askew Jr. ........Vice President for Public Service Louis B Lynn ...............................................Columbia, SC and Agriculture Patricia H McAbee ......................................Greenville, SC Brett A Dalton ........................................Vice President for Finance and Operations Robert L Peeler
    [Show full text]
  • Parabola Magazine, April 2013
    H&H Lipsey Book Review_article 4/26/13 11:16 AM Page 112 Sir Brian Urquhart (one of Hammar - With Endnotes and Bibliography, this BOOK REVIEWS skjöld’s principal assistants in the United is a 752-page study of Hammarskjöld’s Nations Secretariat) had already written life that follows a man who was the what Lipsey himself describes as “the youngest son of a Swedish Prime best biography we shall ever have” of Minister and unexpectedly was thrust Hammarskjöld before Lipsey set to into what his predecessor described as the work. Lipsey, however, had unparalleled world’s most impossible job. As Secretary access to private correspondence and the General from 1953 until his plane best translators from Swedish to help crashed (or was shot down) in what was him to understand the subtleties of then Rhodesia in 1961, Hammarskjöld what Hammar skjöld described as his played a part, sometimes successful, “negotia tions with myself … and sometimes not, in salvaging peace and with God” in his private notebook, justice from violence and hatred, in posthumously published as MARKINGS. China, the Middle East, Suez, Tunisia, Even more important, I feel, is the fact and the Congo. Lipsey gives us front row that my friend Roger Lipsey has spent seats at all the great occasions when the his own lifetime of experience and world “let Dag do it” and not least in his search in trying to live an awakened life famous confrontation with the head of in today’s world. He is fascinated by the USSR, Khrushchev, demanding the Hammarskjöld’s spiritual journey, which Secretary General’s resignation, which was formed by his selfless devotion to a the General Assembly, after listening to service not just to the idea of peace but Hammarskjöld, declined to give him.
    [Show full text]
  • Strained Fraternity
    Strained Fraternity IDENTITY FORMATIONS, MIGRATION AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION AMONG SRI LANKAN TAMILS IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA NICOLAY PAUS THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE CAND.POLIT DEGREE DEPT. OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN APRIL 2005 Acknowledgements This research could not have been conducted without the assistance and help of several people. I am primarily indebted to my dear friends in India and Sri Lanka who, in spite of their sense of insecurity, warmly received me and accepted me as a part of their lives. I also wish to thank Fr. Elias and other people from the Jesuit community in Tamil Nadu, Agnes Fernando, as well as the people at OfERR for helping me in the initial difficult stages of my fieldwork. Their help were of immense importance for me, and my research would have been much more difficult to carry out were it not for their assistance. Discussions with Manuelpillai Sooaipillai and Joseph Soosai were also helpful while preparing my journey to India. I also wish to stress my sincere gratitude to my supervisors during these years, Professor Leif Manger and Professor Bruce Kapferer. Their knowledge, feedbacks and advises have been highly appreciated. Furthermore, I wish to thank the Chr. Michelsen Institute where I have been affiliated as a student since February 2003. The academic environment and discussions with people at the institute has been very aspiring and helpful for my work. I am indebted to Marianne Longum Gauperaa for her great support before, during and after my fieldwork. Her own experiences and backing was of great help.
    [Show full text]
  • Study & Analysis
    DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR = = KOC= HI CITY REGION 2031 = = (Draft) = = = = = = = = = = = = VOLU=ME I = = = = = SSTTUUDDYY && AA= NNAALLYYSSIISS = = = = = = = = = = = = = Prepared by: = = Depa=rtment of Town and Country Planning Government of Kerala = Kochi is the most promising growth oriented development region in the state of Kerala. Developments in the city and surrounding area have taken a fast stride in the last two decades. The Information Technology Institutions at Kakkanad, the International Airport at Nedumbassery, the new bridge linking Vypeen islands to the main land and the high impact residential and commercial developments in the city and the surrounding areas have caused direct and indirect development impacts in many sectors. These are exerting tremendous stress on the infrastructure components. The most apparent issues in Kochi City are the increasing traffic congestion and the degradation of urban environment. It is in this context that the Structure Plan for the central city of Kochi approved by Government in the year 1991 and the subsequent variations are reviewed. The zoning regulations of the Structure Plan were revised in the year 2007. Inspite of these, it is seen that all these attempts do not ensure satisfactory planned development in the city of Kochi and the immediate influence area around. Anticipating the future development needs and the population growth, it is envisaged that a revised Development Plan for Kochi city Region has to be prepared, published and got approved by Government. This Development Plan is expected to guide the constituent local governments within the city Region in their respective development actions and also guide them to formulate their individual development policies so as to be part of the whole.
    [Show full text]