Annual Report, Year 4
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Crime Mapping and Analysis by Community Organizations
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice National Institute of Justice R e s e a r c h i n B r i e f March 2001 Issues and Findings Crime Mapping and Analysis Discussed in this Brief: An as- sessment of how community orga- by Community Organizations nizations in Hartford, Connecticut, used the Neighborhood Problem Solving (NPS) system, a computer- in Hartford, Connecticut based mapping and crime analysis technology. The NPS system en- By Thomas Rich abled users to create a variety of maps and other reports depicting Crime mapping has become increasingly community policing field offices. Devel- crime conditions by accessing a popular among law enforcement agencies oped with NIJ funding, the system enables database containing the most re- and has enjoyed high visibility at the Fed- users to create a variety of maps and other cent 2 years of incident-level police information. eral level, in the media, and among the reports depicting crime conditions by us- largest police departments in the Nation, ing a database containing the most recent Key issues: The objective in Hart- most notably those in Chicago and New 2 years of incident-level police informa- ford was to extend basic mapping York City. However, there have been few tion, including citizen-initiated calls for and crime analysis technologies efforts to make crime mapping capabilities service, reported crimes, and arrests. Al- beyond the law enforcement com- available to community residents and or- though some police departments routinely munity by putting them into the ganizations, although a National Institute publish aggregate crime statistics and a hands of neighborhood-based organizations so they could analyze of Justice (NIJ)-funded project in Chicago few publish incident-level crime informa- incident-level data and produce in the late 1980s aimed at introducing tion on the Internet, the objective in Hart- their own maps and reports. -
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 092 435 SO 007 529 AUTHOR Wheeler, James O
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 092 435 SO 007 529 AUTHOR Wheeler, James O. TITLE Bibliography on Geographic Thought, Philosophy, and Methodology, 1950-1973. Geography Curriculum Project Occasional Paper Number 3. INSTITUTION Georgia Univ., Athens. Geography Curriculum Project., PUB DATE Oct 73 NOTE 37p. EBBS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$1.85 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Bibliographies; Comparative Education; Geographic Concepts; *Geography; Geography Instruction; Methodology; Philosophy; Professional Training; *Social Sciences; *Trend Analysis IDENTIFIERS *Geography Curriculum Project ABSTRACT The bibliography cites books, periodicals, and reports on geographic thought, philosophy, and methodology published between 1950-1973.. Only items in English are listed. A useful reference for educators, students, curriculum developers, and professional geographers, the bibliography begins with an introduction in which the compiler gives a succinct overview of recent trends in geography. The bibliography cites books and articles separately. The articles are further categorized by the following areas:(1) Biographical;(2) Geography and Other Disciplines; (3) Geography in Various Countries;(4) Methodology in Geography; (5) Philosophy of Geography;(6) Professional Training; (7) Quantitative Geography;(8) Subdisciplines of Geography; and (9) Theoretical Approaches. The arrangement within categories is alphabetical by author. (Author/RM) MLn (\J (7% CD C= BIBLIOGRAPHY ON GEOGRAPHIC THOUGHT, PHILOSOPHY, AND METHODOLOGY, LU 1950-1973 JAMES O. WHEELER GEOGRAPHY CURRICULUM PROJECT -
BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT | BOSTON REGIONAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER Alexa Lambros, Class of 2018
BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT | BOSTON REGIONAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER Alexa Lambros, Class of 2018 The BRIC interns with the BPD Chief of Police! MY ROLE: ASSISTANT CRIME ANALYST/RESEARCH ASSISTANT SPECIAL PROJECT • Mission/Goal Community policing; “working in partnership with the community to fight crime, STANDARD RESPONSIBILITIES reduce fear and improve the quality of life in our • Took raw data from UASI neighborhoods” (BPDnews.com) DAILY INFORMATION INFORMATION crime mapping database of all property stolen from • Size 20th largest LEA in the country; 3rd largest in SUMMARY REQUESTS • Fulfilled information retrieval 9/2015 – 2/2016 New England (Wikipedia) • Assembled packets of recent gang • Utilized Excel skills to • Organization 8 Bureaus and 12 districts incidents and summarized reports requests for Boston/UASI police, correctional, and probation officers organize/categorize data • Focus/Success Utilizes unique combination of • Researched arrests from Urban • Evaulated relationships community relations and statistical analysis to Area Security Initiative (UASI) between numerous elements of reduce crime throughout city; over the last four districts and summarized reports BULLETINS collected data and drew decades, Boston has achieved a large decrease in • Compiled incident summaries on • Created ID Wanted, Wanted, relevant conclusions its overall crime rate (BPDnews.com) violent and property crime within Missing Person, and BOLO bulletins • IMPORTANCE: Created Boston and UASI districts into BRIC's at request of Boston/UASI officers infographic -
Motor Vehicle Theft: Crime and Spatial Analysis in a Non-Urban Region
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Motor Vehicle Theft: Crime and Spatial Analysis in a Non-Urban Region Author(s): Deborah Lamm Weisel ; William R. Smith ; G. David Garson ; Alexi Pavlichev ; Julie Wartell Document No.: 215179 Date Received: August 2006 Award Number: 2003-IJ-CX-0162 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Crime and Spatial Analysis of Vehicle Theft in a Non-Urban Region Motor vehicle theft in non-urban areas does not reveal the well-recognized hot spots often associated with crime in urban areas. These findings resulted from a study of 2003 vehicle thefts in a four-county region of western North Carolina comprised primarily of small towns and unincorporated areas. While the study suggested that point maps have limited value for areas with low volume and geographically-dispersed crime, the steps necessary to create regional maps – including collecting and validating crime locations with Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates – created a reliable dataset that permitted more in-depth analysis. -
Crime Mapping: Spatial and Temporal Challenges
CHAPTER 2 Crime Mapping: Spatial and Temporal Challenges JERRY RATCLIFFE INTRODUCTION Crime opportunities are neither uniformly nor randomly organized in space and time. As a result, crime mappers can unlock these spatial patterns and strive for a better theoretical understanding of the role of geography and opportunity, as well as enabling practical crime prevention solutions that are tailored to specific places. The evolution of crime mapping has heralded a new era in spatial criminology, and a re-emergence of the importance of place as one of the cornerstones essential to an understanding of crime and criminality. While early criminological inquiry in France and Britain had a spatial component, much of mainstream criminology for the last century has labored to explain criminality from a dispositional per- spective, trying to explain why a particular offender or group has a propensity to commit crime. This traditional perspective resulted in criminologists focusing on individuals or on communities where the community extended from the neighborhood to larger aggregations (Weisburd et al. 2004). Even when the results lacked ambiguity, the findings often lacked policy relevance. However, crime mapping has revived interest and reshaped many criminol- ogists appreciation for the importance of local geography as a determinant of crime that may be as important as criminal motivation. Between the individual and large urban areas (such as cities and regions) lies a spatial scale where crime varies considerably and does so at a frame of reference that is often amenable to localized crime prevention techniques. For example, without the opportunity afforded by enabling environmental weaknesses, such as poorly lit streets, lack of protective surveillance, or obvious victims (such as overtly wealthy tourists or unsecured vehicles), many offenders would not be as encouraged to commit crime. -
Crime Mapping and Spatial Analysis Using Arcgis Online for Police Officers
Public Safety - Crime Mapping and Spatial Analysis Using ArcGIS Online for Police Officers Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs) Supported This training module aids in the development of several KSAs that are fundamental to using GIS for public safety planning and operations. The ability to perform crime mapping using ArcGIS Online is a foundational skill that is relevant to a multitude of GIS applications. In addition, the following training tutorial builds essential knowledge of how to design and use crime data for web mapping. ** This training tutorial is intended for training, exercise, and preparedness efforts only. It is not intended to support emergency response operations.** Knowledge Gained: ✓ Definition of Crime Mapping: Crime mapping is a sub-discipline of geography that works to answer the question, “What crime is happening where?” It focuses on mapping incidents, identifying where the most crime occurs and analyzing the spatial relationships of targets and these areas. ✓ Definition of Heat Mapping: This technique is used to visualize geographic data and show areas where a higher density or cluster of activity occurs. For both types of spatial analysis, a color gradient is used to indicate areas of increasingly higher density. See the following example from Jersey City, NJ: ✓ Esri has selected HERE Map Content (www.esri.com/here) as the foundation street data for its cloud-based mapping platform as well as for StreetMap Premium and numerous other Esri products. ✓ Esri uses HERE map content and HERE point addressing to build the geocoding locators used in both ArcGIS Online (AGOL) and StreetMap Premium (SMP). 1 Skills and Abilities Developed: ✓ Ability to develop a table with the essential spatial data for crime mapping and how to adjust the address format to be recognized in ArcGIS Online platform. -
A Mobile Visual Analytics Approach for Law Enforcement Situation Awareness
A Mobile Visual Analytics Approach for Law Enforcement Situation Awareness Ahmad M. M. Razip, Abish Malik, Matthew Potrawski, Ross Maciejewski, Member, IEEE, Yun Jang, Member, IEEE, Niklas Elmqvist, Senior Member, IEEE, and David S. Ebert, Fellow, IEEE (a) Risk profile tools give time- and location-aware assessment of public safety using law (b) The mobile system can be used anywhere with cellular network coverage to visualize enforcement data. and analyze law enforcement data. Here, the system is being used as the user walks down a street. Fig. 1: Mobile crime analytics system gives ubiquitous and context-aware analysis of law enforcement data to users. Abstract— The advent of modern smartphones and handheld devices has given analysts, decision-makers, and even the general public the ability to rapidly ingest data and translate it into actionable information on-the-go. In this paper, we explore the design and use of a mobile visual analytics toolkit for public safety data that equips law enforcement agencies and citizens with effective situation awareness and risk assessment tools. Our system provides users with a suite of interactive tools that allow them to perform analysis and detect trends, patterns and anomalies among criminal, traffic and civil (CTC) incidents. The system also provides interactive risk assessment tools that allow users to identify regions of potential high risk and determine the risk at any user-specfied location and time. Our system has been designed for the iPhone/iPad environment and is currently being used and evaluated by a consortium of law enforcement agencies. We report their use of the system and some initial feedback. -
Testing a Geospatial Predictive Policing Strategy
TESTING A GEOSPATIAL PREDICTIVE POLICING STRATEGY: APPLICATION OF ARCGIS 3D ANALYST TOOLS FOR FORECASTING COMMISSION OF RESIDENTIAL BURGLARIES By SOLMAZ AMIRI A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF DESIGN WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY School of Design and Construction DECEMBER 2014 © Copyright by SOLMAZ AMIRI, 2014 All Rights Reserved © Copyright by SOLMAZ AMIRI, 2014 All Rights Reserved To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation/thesis of SOLMAZ AMIRI find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. ___________________________________ Kerry R Brooks, Ph.D., Chair ___________________________________ Bryan Vila, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Kenn Daratha, Ph.D. ___________________________________ David Wang, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee for their guidance, understanding, patience and support during my studies at Washington State University. I would like to gratefully and sincerely thank Dr. Kerry Brooks for accepting to direct this dissertation. Dr. Brooks introduced me to the fields of geographic information systems and scientific studies of cities, and helped me with every aspect of my research. He asked me questions to help me think harder, spent endless time reviewing and proofreading my papers and supported me during the difficult times in my research. Without his encouragements, continuous guidance and insight, I could not have finished this dissertation. I am grateful to Dr. Bryan Vila for joining my committee. Dr. Vila put a great deal of time to help me understand ecology of crime and environmental criminology. I showed up at his office without having scheduled a prior appointment, and he was always willing to help. -
Spatial Technology As a Tool to Analyse and Combat Crime
SPATIAL TECHNOLOGY AS A TOOL TO ANALYSE AND COMBAT CRIME By CORNÉ ELOFF Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject CRIMINOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROF. J H PRINSLOO NOVEMBER 2006 Student No: 3034-380-1 I declare that SPATIAL TECHNOLOGY AS A TOOL TO ANALYSE AND COMBAT CRIME is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. ____________________________________ ______________ Corné Eloff Date i KEYWORDS Border control and monitoring Car-hijacking Crime analysis Crime combating Crime hot spots Crime incidents Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Criminological theories Criminology Earth Observation Satellites Ecological theory Electromagnetic energy Geographical Information Systems High density residential House Burglaries Hyperspectral Informal Settlements Land use classification Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) Low density residential Macro analysis Mapping Micro analysis Murder Object Orientated Image Analysis Orbital science Rape Remote Sensing Remote sensing applications Spatial technology ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • To my mother and father who have been pillars of support throughout my tertiary education since 1994. • To my wife (Sietske) and son (Damian) for their love and undivided support during my research. • To all my colleagues at the CSIR Satellite Applications Centre for their support and sharing their knowledge of remote sensing and space science which contributed immensely to the gathering of information to complete this research. I would like to make special mention of Ms Elsa de Beer and Ms Betsie Snyman for their administrative support during this study. -
Questioning Geography : Fundamental Debates : Essays on a Contested Discipline / Edited by Noel Castree, Alisdair Rogers, and Douglas Sherman
Questioning Geography: Fundamental Debates Noel Castree Alisdair Rogers Douglas Sherman Editors Blackwell Publishing Castree / Questioning Geography 1405101911_1_pretoc Final Proof page i 5.7.2005 5:04pm stioni Que ng G y eograph Castree / Questioning Geography 1405101911_1_pretoc Final Proof page ii 5.7.2005 5:04pm Castree / Questioning Geography 1405101911_1_pretoc Final Proof page iii 5.7.2005 5:04pm QUESTIONING GEOGRAPHY Fundamental Debates Edited by Noel Castree, Alisdair Rogers and Douglas Sherman Castree / Questioning Geography 1405101911_1_pretoc Final Proof page iv 5.7.2005 5:04pm ß 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd except for editorial material and organization ß 2005 by Noel Castree, Alisdair Rogers and Douglas Sherman blackwell publishing 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Noel Castree, Alisdair Rogers, and Douglas Sherman to be identified as the Authors of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechan- ical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copy- right, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1 2005 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Questioning geography : fundamental debates : essays on a contested discipline / edited by Noel Castree, Alisdair Rogers, and Douglas Sherman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. -
Laura Vaughan
Mapping From a rare map of yellow fever in eighteenth-century New York, to Charles Booth’s famous maps of poverty in nineteenth-century London, an Italian racial Laura Vaughan zoning map of early twentieth-century Asmara, to a map of wealth disparities in the banlieues of twenty-first-century Paris, Mapping Society traces the evolution of social cartography over the past two centuries. In this richly illustrated book, Laura Vaughan examines maps of ethnic or religious difference, poverty, and health Mapping inequalities, demonstrating how they not only serve as historical records of social enquiry, but also constitute inscriptions of social patterns that have been etched deeply on the surface of cities. Society The book covers themes such as the use of visual rhetoric to change public Society opinion, the evolution of sociology as an academic practice, changing attitudes to The Spatial Dimensions physical disorder, and the complexity of segregation as an urban phenomenon. While the focus is on historical maps, the narrative carries the discussion of the of Social Cartography spatial dimensions of social cartography forward to the present day, showing how disciplines such as public health, crime science, and urban planning, chart spatial data in their current practice. Containing examples of space syntax analysis alongside full-colour maps and photographs, this volume will appeal to all those interested in the long-term forces that shape how people live in cities. Laura Vaughan is Professor of Urban Form and Society at the Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL. In addition to her research into social cartography, she has Vaughan Laura written on many other critical aspects of urbanism today, including her previous book for UCL Press, Suburban Urbanities: Suburbs and the Life of the High Street. -
Edgar Kant, Estonian Geography and the Reception of Walter Christaller's Central Place Theory, 1933E1960
Journal of Historical Geography 60 (2018) 77e88 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Historical Geography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhg Edgar Kant, Estonian geography and the reception of Walter Christaller's central place theory, 1933e1960 * Erki Tammiksaar a, , Jussi S. Jauhiainen b, Taavi Pae c, Rein Ahas c a Department of Geography, University of Tartu & Estonian University of Life Sciences, Centre for Science Studies, Vanemuise 46, EE-51014, Tartu, Estonia b Department of Geography, University of Tartu & Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland c Department of Geography, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, EE-51014, Tartu, Estonia article info abstract Article history: As a result of the First World War several new nation-states emerged on the map of Europe. One of them Received 22 March 2017 was the Republic of Estonia, emerging from the ruins of the Russian Empire. As Estonians had never had Received in revised form their own state before, the establishment of the parliamentary republic, its institutions and a national 16 January 2018 identity was a big challenge for its small elite. First and foremost, the ambition was to do things Accepted 1 February 2018 differently from the previous rulers. The Estonian economic geographer Edgar Kant played an important role in the development of his country between 1920 and 1940. His geography was politically motivated, innovative and pragmatic as the rapid development of the state required new theories and methods. The methodological basis for Kant's ‘innovative geography’ became Walter Christaller's central place theory, and he was the first in the world to understand the importance of applying it in empirical research, doing so in the 1930s in the reform of Estonian rural municipalities.