WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL

f o u r7. 01

Twenty 2020

COVER STORY

MODELLING 14 The way to incorporate page renewables into the grid ENERGY 4 Carbon-neutral paradise Machine learning and energy storage are driving renewable generation on islands

ENERGY 22 Blowing in the wind Wind power has a key role to play in pushing Europe towards carbon neutrality

MARINE 38 Offshore goes onshore New power generation concept needs less on-site maintenance

FUTURE 48 Cybersecurity at sea A holistic approach to data storage is revolutionising the industry  in detail issue no. 01.2020 WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL | WWW.WARTSILA.COM

Contents EMBRACING THE POSSIBILITIES OF A CHANGING WORLD ENERGY Sun, sea, and software: Islands are at the forefront We are living through unprecedented times, to say the least . The first of a renewable energy revolution...... 4 months of 2020 have upended how we experience the world, the way Fulfilling Africa’s potential for economic we do business, and our vision of the future . This moment, as we plan growth depends on reliable energy...... 6 a new path forward, offers us an opportunity to examine the old ways Making power plants better neighbours of doing things and assess how we might change them for the better . through collaboration and technology...... 12 As economies around the world ramp up following shutdowns How advanced modelling is transforming imposed due to the novel coronavirus, we have a chance to look at the way we power our industries, and make choices for the coming Ukraine’s post-Soviet power sector ...... 14 decades that are affordable, reliable, and sustainable . The power of Advanced System Modelling...... 18 Africa offers several examples of how taking a chance on Microgrids use renewables to offer efficient, something new offers the opportunity to unlock previously effective solutions to power challenges...... 20 unharnessed potential . With a growing, dynamic population, the Wind power has an important role to play as continent has enormous possibilities for economic growth, but Europe pushes for carbon-neutrality...... 22 is being held back by a lack of reliable electricity . These energy Biomethane: The next natural gas?...... 24 shortages have ramifications for every aspect of social and economic development . Apart from reducing the quality of life, they limit the MARINE continent’s attractiveness for doing business . In some parts of Africa, A new digital solution for revolutionising investors who want to build a new factory, for example, have to port operations arrives just in time...... 26 provide all their own infrastructure – from the facility, to the electricity Propelling the maritime industry forward, to power it, to the transport system to get the products to market . But Africa’s lack of infrastructure is also an opportunity . one device at a time...... 30 Unhindered by outdated technology and outmoded thinking, African Electric propulsion is key to a zero-emissions countries can leapfrog over outdated fossil fuel installations and go future in cruise...... 32 directly to renewables, making choices that are both environmentally POWERING AFRICA How a digitalisation deal could revolutionise friendly and economically competitive . the maritime industry...... 36 Deciding to take a chance on a new way of doing things always The continent’s economic future depends on reliable energy. Wärtsilä Power solution for normally requires managing uncertainty, but energy modelling can add some Can renewables lead the way? unattended offshore installations takes clarity . Modelling provides actual data that decisionmakers can use offshore operations onshore...... 38 to make informed choices about where to invest to make the most World’s largest semi-submersible crane of renewables . Modelling is playing an important role in building an vessel gets a boost from Wärtsilä...... 42 argument for sustainable energy generation in places as disparate as To achieve a sustainable maritime future, post-Soviet Ukraine and the Azores island of Graciosa . we must act now...... 46 Making the most of this opportunity to write a new future also requires finding new uses for resources we already have available . FUTURE Biomass is one such resource . Biomethane, a synthetic gas produced from excess biowaste, could be the fuel source the world has been Cybersecurity looks to the cloud waiting for . It can be used with the same infrastructure as natural to protect data at sea ...... 48 gas and significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions . While at the moment it is challenging to produce at scale and transport, The gas of Getting to port Maritime’s digital it represents one example of how we can find different uses for READ OUR LATEST STORIES ONLINE AT available assets . the future? just in time revolution Web WARTSILA.COM/TWENTYFOUR7 Change is difficult, but it offers opportunities as well as challenges . Biomethane might be the A new solution for improving A groundbreaking deal As we work to discover the post-coronavirus catalyst that drives a 100% ship-to-shore communication between Wärtsilä and Anglo- Publisher: Wärtsilä Corporation, Hiililaiturinkuja 2, economy, it’s important to look to these renewable energy future, but makes shipping more efficient Eastern could dramatically FIN-00180 Helsinki, Finland | possibilities . Editor-in-Chief: Mikael Wideskog | bringing it into wider use is not and decreases emissions. increase digitalisation in Managing editor and editorial office: Virva Äimälä | without its challenges. shipping. Editorial team: Marit Holmlund-Sund, Mari Kankaanranta, Sari Mikael Wideskog Luhanka, Pia Posio, Laura Quinton, Mirja-Maija Santala, Mikaela Terhi | Layout and production: Spoon | General Manager, Printed: May 2020 by PunaMusta, Joensuu, Finland Technology Strategy & Innovation Process ISSN 1797-0032 | Copyright © 2020 Wärtsilä Corporation | Wärtsilä Paper: cover LumiSilk 250g/m², inside pages UPM Fine 120 g/m² Editor-in-Chief of In Detail MORE ON PAGE 24 MORE ON PAGE 26 MORE ON PAGE 36 E-mail and feedback: [email protected]

Cover photo: 123RF in detail 3 [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

] / IN DETAIL ENERGY [

Machine learning makes reliable wind and solar energy possible for the entire island of Graciosa. Photo: HowardScott

had been relying on a diesel-generated heavily involved in making sure we feed disruption wind and solar power represent power plant for decades. The aim was good info to the computers,” he says. for a slow-moving industry. to achieve 65% renewable energy for the While in the future AI will have an “Non-renewable energy has been stable entire population with 100% renewable important role to play in operational and dependable. It has existed for good power capability depending on real-time planning, true “self-learning” isn’t yet a reason,” says Paldanius. “But we have to availability. According to Luke Witmer, feature of energy generation, says Witmer. admit that in the new world of renewables, it General Manager, Data Science, Wärtsilä However, in the case of Graciosa, almost feels like a dinosaur.” Energy Business, things are on track to meet which has a battery big enough to power The industry needs to get used to the this goal. the whole island for just under an hour, idea of being more agile, he says. A nuclear While the most visible step might be machine learning makes reliable wind and power or gas plant used to stay viable for the construction of functional wind farms solar energy possible for the whole island. up to 50 or 60 years, now we’re talking and solar collection, behind the scenes it is On Bonaire, which has a notably larger about plants that can be built in six months, Photo: 123RF energy management software that’s making population, it’s a matter of scaling up the operate for a decade, and then be replaced renewable energy security a present reality. optimisation and statistical forecasting. with newer technology. It’s a game-changer “Wind and solar are potentially excellent Meanwhile, E.ON’s Texas Waves facility is for investors, but this smart investment will renewable energy sources, but they’re working on the storage side of the equation. have huge pay-offs for those who get it right also volatile and unpredictable,” explains These energy storage systems not only – not to mention for the planet. Sun, sea, and software: Islands are at the Witmer. “You have to have ways of keeping store an increasing amount of energy from the electrical grid sound if you’re to let those wind and solar, but they also monitor the No looking back energies into it.” electrical quality of grid conditions, very Towards the end of the commissioning and forefront of a renewable energy revolution Endlessly switching between collecting, quickly responding and balancing supply the beginning of the endurance testing, storing, and doling out power as the needs and demand shortages with bursts of power Witmer’s team realised that they were a of the grid fluctuate, energy input rises and in both directions. button click away from delivering 100% AUTHOR: Sarah Hudson falls, and battery capacity drains or maxes As complex systems are augmented with renewable energy to Graciosa’s entire out is a delicate dance. It relies on hard logic, AI, it has become clear that machines are population for the first time. forecasting, and statistics. With the right now able to process information with a level “We thought: OK, no looking back,” human guidance, machines excel at it. of intelligence that allows them to capably recalls Witmer. They clicked the button. operate autonomously in ways that humans For the first time in decades the diesel Machine-learning software and advances excellent testing grounds thanks to their the smart energy equation: optimisation and Does AI play a part? cannot. That said, sucessful operation is power plant fell silent. The wind blew… in energy storage are changing the high fuel costs but abundant wind and solar storage. Combined with the expansion of AI Witmer explains that while there’s been more about augmenting the human operator and the lights stayed on. It was one of the landscape of solar and wind power. resources. On the islands of Graciosa and capability, they are leading the way towards a some hype about the potential role of condition than replacing the operator. highlights of a job that regularly takes Together, they form the building blocks of Bonaire, machine learning is hard at work, smart energy future based on cheap, reliable artificial intelligence in managing the Witmer through the full gamut of emotions. a 100% renewable energy future. harnessing wind and solar energy output and and 100% renewable sources. volatility of wind and solar, we are not quite Disrupting the industry “I love what I do. It has spiritual meaning optimising the power grids. In conjunction there yet. Machines aren’t the only ones getting – for humanity as well as the rest of the When it comes to getting smart about with next-generation energy storage Learning curves “Computers are trained by humans, with an education, though. Risto Paldanius, planet and everything in it. The technology renewable energy, exotic locales like the systems, such as E.ON’s Texas Waves, these When a smart energy project was first large swathes of data that’s been cleaned, Director of Business Development at is here. If there’s one thing we should be able Azores archipelago and the Caribbean make projects represent the intertwined sides of conceived for Graciosa in 2006, the island processed, and filtered. Humans are still Wärtsilä Energy Business, highlights the to figure out, it is this.” 4 in detail in detail 5 [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

] / IN DETAIL ENERGY [

Photo: 123RF

electricity each day since March 2019. In Development Bank shows the continent’s African continent has the world’s fastest Nigeria, only 30% of the population can GDP growth reached 3.5% in 2018, up from urbanisation rate. It is forecast that by 2040, Fulfilling Africa’s potential for economic count on electricity. In the Democratic 2.1% in 2016. more than half the population of Africa Republic of Congo, it’s even worse,” explains Likewise, data from the EY Attractiveness will be living in urban areas. Lagos, Nigeria George Ayittey, a Ghanaian native and Program Africa (2019) shows foreign direct doubled from eight to 16 million residents growth depends on reliable energy president of the Free Africa Foundation. investment in the continent has remained from 2009 to 2015. However, supporting Marco Wirén, President, Wärtsilä Energy largely steady, even if it has not returned to infrastructure – including power grids – Business, says: “Although there are major the highs seen in 2014. In 2018, 710 projects hasn’t kept up. AUTHOR: Lorelei Yang differences between countries, with some attracted USD 75.5 billion in capital and “Consequently, there are frequent having large electricity deficits and others created 170,000 jobs, a five-year high. blackouts, brownouts, and load shedding. being further along in meeting their citizens’ So why, in spite of this, are large parts Reliable power infrastructure is a major energy needs, the continent as a whole is of Africa deprived of access to regular challenge today. This is partially because of Experts are calling Africa the next In 2017, NASA released a series of satellite In Africa’s case, the lack of light reflects a behind Europe and the US, and there’s a electricity? In short, supply hasn’t kept pace a lack of generation, but also due to lack of bright spot in the global economy, with images of Earth at night. The images sobering reality: over half a billion Africans huge need for electrification.” with demand. This is due to a number of transmission,” he says. several African nations registering strong breathtakingly illustrated the massive have no access to electricity, and even more factors, including rapid urbanisation, failure “African governments have failed to economic growth. However, for this trend intercontinental disparity when it comes to have access only to very expensive and A complex problem to make necessary investments, and high make the necessary investments to expand to continue, the continent’s energy supply lighting at night. Europe, North America, intermittent electricity. Africa’s electricity struggles are all the more costs for existing electricity supplies. electricity production,” adds Ayittey, who and distribution grid must be modernised. parts of the Middle East, and East Asia were “South Africa is experiencing rolling striking when you consider the fact that Pekka Tolonen, Europe Energy Business says the current situation is dire. “Even South well lit, whereas Africa, Australia, Latin blackouts and brownouts (drops in voltage the African economy is growing steadily, Director for Wärtsilä Energy Business, Africa’s power utility company, Eskom, has America, and Central Asia were much in a power system). In Zimbabwe, they’ve albeit at rates lower than the World Bank who has also worked on developing the failed to upgrade its generating capacity.” dimmer. only been able to count on eight hours of previously projected. Data from the African company’s projects in Africa, notes that the Wirén adds that lack of infrastructure 6 in detail in detail 7 [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

and a dearth of funding also contribute to African utilities’ challenges. “There needs to be the ability to build power plants and generation capacity. The African Development Bank, International Finance Corporation, and other institutions that can give grants and funding need to negotiate with governments to fund these projects,” / IN DETAIL ENERGY [ Wirén says. The urgent need for capital means many African countries are also open to foreign investment in the energy sector. Ayittey points to the Zambian power utility, ZESCO, as an extreme example of this. In 2018, ZESCO’s management and financial woes led to a full takeover by the Chinese Exim Bank, as confirmed in a January 2019 post by the bank. National utilities’ operating costs are also a challenge, as the bottom line is that their generation costs are higher than what they can legally charge consumers. As a result, they need to be continually subsidised, which is impractical if countries are working towards a healthy power market. “When you don’t have self-standing utilities, it becomes a very difficult situation,” says Tolonen. He also explains why raising prices isn’t a viable solution. “In the short term, if you want to sanitise the utilities, you would increase the power price – but that might kill the industries and wouldn’t enable healthy economic growth. So, you’re in a sort of lock-in situation.” Historical mismanagement of state-run energy companies by unqualified political appointees is also a problem. Ayittey argues that political change is necessary in these cases. “To be blunt, there are some countries that won’t move forward without a new crop of leaders to undertake energy reforms under new leadership.” Finally, even those African consumers who are lucky enough to have access to a regular supply of electricity must contend with high prices. According to Tolonen, “A ballpark power price is two to three times more for energy in Africa versus Europe or America, while at the same time the population’s purchasing power is much lower than in those comparable regions.”

Left without power According to the World Bank’s latest RISE (Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy) report (2016), many countries in 8 in detail in detail 9 [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

] Photo: 123RF

Sub-Saharan Africa lack officially approved electrification plans. Households and firms in these countries endure several hours of the day and night without access to power. These energy shortages have ramifications across the board. Apart from reducing citizens’ quality of life, they decrease the / IN DETAIL ENERGY [ continent’s attractiveness to businesses, preventing it from reaching its full potential. Ayittey offers the example of Nigeria to illustrate this point. “In Nigeria, the energy situation is so bad that foreign investors who want to establish a business have to provide their own electricity, water supply system, and possibly even their own road to take products to the market.” According to Tolonen, power instability is one of the factors contributing to high unemployment rates in many African countries. “You really can’t create jobs in certain fields without reliable and stable power,” Tolonen says.

The renewable energy option However, new technologies, especially renewables, offer hope. Many experts wonder why one of the sunniest spots on the planet is not leveraging the benefits of renewable energy to solve its energy problems. In fact, hydropower by itself could serve the entire African continent’s needs. According to Ayittey, the Congo Basin alone has enough hydroelectric potential to power all of Africa. Ethiopia, for one, has already caught on to hydropower’s potential, investing in a EUR 3,397 million dam project, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project, that will generate 15,000 GWh/year once completed. Wirén is broadly optimistic about the African energy sector’s future. He believes that it, like the telecoms sector, could leapfrog outmoded technologies and skip straight ahead to the latest developments. “The African continent didn’t build landlines; they went straight to mobile phones. Similarly, countries don’t need to sector will come from renewables, flexible energy management software solution will for providing energy stability in operations Tolonen also says that renewables seeing solar power plants signed in several build up a huge fossil fuel capacity first and solutions, and storage solutions coming optimise energy production for the entire like remote mining locations where the are more promising from a pure cost countries just above 3 cents per kWh) – then go to renewables. Instead, they can use online. mine through the use of the new storage conditions are often challenging. perspective. In his opinion, their lower cost across the African continent, that’s a price energy modelling to determine the most The Fekola mine in Mali is one example of system and a 30 MW solar plant currently Tolonen believes that since investors the will crowd alternatives out, particularly in that’s a fraction of what we were seeing economically viable mix of generation,” he this kind of hybrid solution. In December, under construction. GEMS technology world over are generally backing away from Africa, where fuel costs are high. “If you can even two years back,” Tolonen says. “The explains. Wärtsilä signed an agreement to provide uses artificial intelligence and automated more polluting power generation methods sign PPAs (power purchase agreements) knee-jerk reaction is: ‘why would we build Although Wirén believes many countries an energy storage solution for the mine, decision-making based on real-time and in favour of options that don’t produce at two to three cents – the latest solar anything else if we can get this so cheaply?’

will still continue using fossil-fuel-based allowing Fekola to add solar to its electricity forecasted data to maximise efficiency. CO2, their preferences might encourage the price record in Africa is 2.4 cents per kWh The next reaction is: ‘I want to get more of generation, he believes that growth in the production. Wärtsilä’s advanced GEMS Hybrid systems with energy storage are ideal adoption of renewables. in Tunisia in September 2019, and we’re this inexpensive thing.’” 10 in detail in detail 11 [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

Today more and more people are moving entire acoustic chain from the sound source into cities, causing urban areas to grow and to the recipient across the hearing zone. We spread. With this increase in population also used the noise cancellation principle, comes a surge in demand for energy. And where components attenuate each other with the share of intermittent renewable based on the phasing of sound. At the same energy sources on the rise as well, there time, the need for insulating materials was / IN DETAIL ENERGY [ are more opportunities for locating flexible reduced, making the components more power plants near where people live. durable and environmentally sound.” However, energy production also These technologies can be utilised generates noise. To address the issue before anywhere, from a busy metropolis to a small it becomes – literally – too loud, Wärtsilä and remote island nation. Germany and and VTT Technical Research Centre the south of the UK, including the Channel of Finland launched a project to create Islands, are all places with potential for the innovative solutions to further reduce noise technology. These regions have strict local levels at power plants. regulations requiring that certain levels The project, known as SOPEVA, is funded of noise emission be met before planning in part by Wärtsilä and partly by Business permits for new power plants are issued. Finland, a public agency for research A lot can be done with how the building funding and international promoter is constructed, but not all of the possible for Finnish industries. The project’s options are practical. For example, building name is an abbreviation from the full very thick walls to silence the noise would Finnish title, which translates to “socially make a power plant project so expensive acceptable energy production in varying that it would no longer be a viable option. environments.” SOPEVA is taking place in tandem with a public project known as Part of the change Anojanssi, headed by Turku University of After three years, the project team had Applied Sciences, which has been in charge developed various solutions that reduced of developing the perceived annoyance noise emissions by 10 to 20 decibels. quantification methods utilised in SOPEVA. In practice, this means a smaller noise The goal of the project was to lower noise footprint for a power plant, of up to 90 to emissions by developing both equipment 99% – a significant improvement for living and co-operation within the entire conditions in nearby areas. subcontractor network. “In the open air, this would be equivalent “The aim of SOPEVA has been to respond to moving a kilometre away from the noise to a need before it becomes urgent,” explains source, such as a large outdoor concert Eirik Linde, General Manager, Environment, arena,” Hynninen says. He adds that for city Wärtsilä Energy Business. “It’s not a dwellers, the change is equivalent to wearing technology we could develop on a whim; earplugs or closing windows to alleviate when customers ask for it, we want to meet traffic noise. Photo: Niklas Sandström, Wärtsilä their expectations.” The project’s success depended on the SOPEVA team bringing its best ideas together. The science of noise reduction “Previously it was common in the The most notable sources of power plant industry that organisations were more noise are cooling radiators, exhaust gas protective of their innovations,” Linde says. stacks and ducts, combustion air intake, “Today, however, collaboration is the only and ventilation, as well as the running of way forward. Through combined effort and Making power plants better neighbours A number of measures have been put in the engines themselves. The management of co-operation, we can bring together the best place over the years to keep power plant this noise has significant impact on the ways skills from all sectors and be as agile and noise levels at an acceptable level and in nearby areas are affected. robust as the market expects us to be.” through collaboration and technology line with regulations. Now, Wärtsilä and “Traditionally, the exhaust system has SOPEVA is a clear demonstration its partners have found a way to increase been provided with individual components of Wärtsilä’s overall vision: enabling the quality of life for people who live near that reduce noise, especially at a certain sustainable societies with smart technology, AUTHOR: Anne Salomäki power plants while also boosting the frequency,” says Antti Hynninen, Senior a goal that depends on open collaboration plants’ efficiency. Scientist at VTT. “Now, we considered the with partners such as VTT. 12 in detail in detail 13 [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

] Photo: 123RF / IN DETAIL ENERGY [

Ukraine is experiencing a boom in customer” system and required the purchase renewable energy generation, the result of of energy from renewable sources. a decade of multiple government attempts As a result, over the past couple of years, to stimulate the sector. But integrating the these tariffs boosted production of green post-Soviet power system that makes up energy. Plenty of solar panels and wind the base of the sector with wind and solar generators have been placed on Ukraine’s has not been easy. fields and valleys. According to Petryk, the capacity of wind and sun energy generators Ukraine provides an interesting case will reach 7.5 GW by the end of 2020. For study into the challenges of integrating comparison, average energy consumption in green technology into non-flexible Ukraine is around 18 GW, ranging between a energy systems. Changing the country’s peak of 26 GW in winter and a low of 12 GW existing infrastructure – both physical and in summer. But these same conditions that regulatory – requires politicians, officials boost renewable energy production also add and businesses to sign on to a programme to its cost. whose benefits are difficult to see. But power “As the price of solar panels and wind system modelling based on big data analysis turbines has gone down over the past years can help bring clarity and create a clear path and installations became viable without to a carbon-neutral future. subsidies, many countries switched from feed-in tariffs to auctions, which reduces the An ambitious challenge electricity price for consumers,” says Petryk. In 2017, Ukraine’s government adopted “Ukraine failed to introduce the auction Energy Strategy 2035, setting the ambitious system on time. As a result, the super- challenge of adapting the country’s existing generous tariffs have attracted massive power system to integrate it with the investments into the generating capacity European one. In practice, this means the that enjoys guaranteed payments. The physical integration of the Ukrainian power cost of renewable energy is now becoming network to ENTSO-E, the power network of disproportionally high, and this may create the European Union (EU). an unbearable burden for consumers and “These changes would not only give the a threat for further development of clean country the ability to begin trading energy energy.” with the EU – they would also promote An additional problem, Petryk says, is energy efficiency and security,” says Igor the inflexibility of the power system dating Petryk, Senior Market Development back to the Soviet times. “We at Wärtsilä Manager at Wärtsilä Energy Business. believe this system is probably the most In order to stimulate the renewable inflexible power system in the world. It is energy production required under Energy simply unable to absorb the rapidly growing Strategy 2035, the Ukrainian government volumes of intermittent green energy.” How advanced modelling is transforming set special fixed green tariffs of EUR 0.10– As a result, the transmission system 0.15 per 1 kWh – more than twice the operator will have to curtail about 30% of tariffs for power produced from nuclear renewable power generation, which under Ukraine’s post-Soviet power sector and coal sources, which fluctuates with current law would still need to be paid for. the market but cost around EUR 0.06 per As a result, the Ukrainian economy risks 1 kWh. To guarantee demand for the more losing up to EUR 580 million producing AUTHOR: Kira Egorova expensive renewable energy, the Ukrainian green energy that can’t be consumed or government created a “guaranteed stored. 14 in detail in detail 15 [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

Photo: 123RF / IN DETAIL ENERGY [ Not just Ukraine system possible, thereby generating accurate Ukraine isn’t the only country facing the and reliable results. challenge of integrating renewables into In the Ukraine case, Wärtsilä calculated their energy mix. The main difficulty 20 different scenarios, combining the power comes from the fact that renewable energy generation capacities of renewable sources generation depends on sources – wind and and internal combustion engines. The sun – that are not regular and sometimes researchers came to the conclusion that the not even predictable. Making the most of country needs an extra 2 GW of flexible these sources requires a power system to energy, which can be generated by internal be very flexible: there should be sources combustion engines running on natural gas. of extra energy in case renewable ones “By implementing these engines are temporarily not available. Ukraine rather than relying on coal-powered however has a particular problem based power generation, the country can save on its Soviet-era energy infrastructure. The approximately EUR 300 million,” Petryk says. main sources of power are nuclear power The internal combustion engines also

plants, which are difficult to bring on- and produce fewer CO2 emissions compared off-line, and coal-fired power plants, which to coal-fired power generation. In fact,

contribute substantial CO2 emissions to the according to Wärtsilä’s calculations, using atmosphere. the internal combustion engines will shrink

the CO2 emissions of power generation in From post-Soviet problems Ukraine by 15%. to power modelling “Our results show that by adding 2–3 GW For more than two years, experts from of flexibility in the system, renewable energy

Wärtsilä have been modelling Ukraine’s can be fully utilised, CO2 emissions can be power system in cooperation with the state reduced significantly and at a lower cost transmission system operator (TSO) to look compared to the business-as-usual case,” for alternative options for flexible power says Andersson. generation. Andersson says that Ukraine’s power The kind of complex calculations needed system presents an interesting challenge. to do the modelling were made by PLEXOS, The current system, largely based on nuclear an advanced data analytics program. and coal power generation, is not suited PLEXOS software, which was developed for to flexibility. Nevertheless, flexibility is the purpose of optimising power systems, exactly what is needed to utilise as much allows TSOs, utilities and consultants to as possible of the increasing amounts of build a model of the power system and renewable energy promoted by government analyse various strategies for adding programmes. Looking ahead, Andersson capacity or dispatching the assets, according says, it would be sensible for Ukraine to to Jan Andersson, Market Development keep its nuclear power systems as long as Manager, Growth & Development, Wärtsilä possible, as this energy source is already

Energy Business. CO2-free. Coal should be reduced in favour “The model takes into account important of renewables, and flexible thermal plants parameters such as renewable generation, running on gas would support integration power system reserves, costs, and emissions of renewables in the power system. In the as well as power-plant-specific parameters future, these flexible thermal plants can be such as start cost, ramp rates, and minimum converted to bio or synthetic gas to become up and down times,” Andersson explains. carbon neutral. All of these parameters are necessary to Read more about Wärtsilä’s power system build the most realistic model of the power modelling on page 18. 16 in detail in detail 17 [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

leads to wrong decisions and hence wrong system and how these requirements link has no relationship to when it is generated. investments.” to the complexities apparent in the LNG Increasing flexibility in the energy system supply chain. Through rigorous analysis would give utilities the ability to quickly and Building smart systems and complex power system modelling using efficiently switch from one source of power Advanced System Modelling takes different PLEXOS, it was determined that a 3GW to another as needed in order to ensure / IN DETAIL ENERGY [ factors into account, such as real-life LNG-fuelled power plant would generate grid reliability and stability. Italy already systems operating alongside balancing system savings in excess of USD 250 million has some flexible generating capacity with renewable generation or system reserve per year. hydropower plants, but these depend upon provisions. It considers all the technical This recommendation was made hydrological conditions, and it isn’t viable constraints of the system and its existing considering the high degree of LNG supply to greatly expand hydropower. The country power plants, such as maximum capacity, flexibility (which comes at a premium) plans to develop 5 GW of energy storage minimum stable level, maximum ramp-up, and the variable energy and reserve load capacity, but this alone will not provide the variable production profiles of wind and factors that are required to support the flexibility needed. solar, cost-related parameters like fuel costs intermittency associated with renewable In Italy, preliminary results show the and heat rates, variable operation costs energy. In essence, the modelling revealed need for 5–7 GW of additional flexible gas- and ramping-up costs. Once the software that the system-level benefits of having a fired power generation capacity after the knows all these parameters, it is operated flexible solution far outweighed the project- expansion of renewables and addition of by running power plants in an optimised level cost savings with a cost-optimised energy storage capacity. way where the demand every hour of a year LNG supply agreement that traditionally is met in the most cost-efficient manner. In favours high volume and stable offtakes. Ingenious solutions for a 100% this system, modelling is done precisely and An energy transition like the one in South renewable energy future chronologically, unlike other approaches Africa demands huge capital outlays, A move towards a more efficient and flexible that use approximations, such as the superior technical expertise, and a dramatic energy system requires some ingenious duration-curve approach. change in the social and political mindset. ideas. For example, one possible solution As more and more countries rush in to Power system modelling helps maximise all is the use of flexible combined heat and add renewables to their portfolio to lower those factors for the best possible solution. power (CHP) generation that supports the carbon emissions, they need to make Italy’s power system also was recently the integration of renewables. A CHP plant investments that will remain meaningful 20 subject of a study by PLEXOS power system generates electricity, but also heat to be used to 30 years from now. modelling. Italy’s National Energy and to warm homes and businesses. “We have conducted modelling and Climate Plan calls for an increase in the share “We can also add more flexibility with the The power of Advanced System Modelling system studies for 175 systems globally of renewables in total energy consumption cogeneration of heat and power in the same since 2011,” says Leino. “At that time, people to 30% by 2030. Energy efficiency targets aim way as conventional gas engine plants. With didn’t see a need for advanced power system to reduce consumption by 1.5% annually. At heat storage, electricity and heat generation AUTHOR: Payal Bhattar and David J. Cord modelling because power systems were not the moment, baseload in Italy is generated can be decoupled,” says Marco Golinelli, yet facing any severe lack of flexibility issues. primarily by gas turbines. The country has Senior Manager, Business Development, While we saw that there is an increasing no nuclear power plants and only a few coal- Wärtsilä Energy Business. “This increases need for flexibility in the future, widely used fired power plants. It has a large hydroelectric efficiencies, provides district heating and traditional modelling approaches did not sector and was an early adopter of wind and contributes to balancing the market.” More and more countries want to increase most importantly, how will this optimal “Advanced modelling involves reveal the need for it at that time. Today geothermal power. The use of solar power Wärtsilä has already begun CHP solutions the share of renewables in their power system look, how much will it cost, and how optimisation of the power system in a way the advanced modelling approach has been increased dramatically over the past decade in Germany, with KMW in the Mainz- systems, but figuring out how to do so can Country A pay for it? where power plants’ system flexibility and very well received and has helped countries and will continue to grow. Wiesbaden area and DREWAG in Dresden. efficiently and affordably is a challenge. The country has to consider what its future the ability to balance intermittent wind realise that their previous master plans were “There are major challenges, both in The fast start-and-stop capabilities of requirements will be based on where it is and solar is considered truthfully,” explains not capable to integrate as much renewable installing this huge amount of new capacity Wärtsilä engines add flexibility to the energy Say that Country A decides to add today. For example, it could install inflexible Jyrki Leino, Senior Manager, Business sources as they had planned.” as well as handling the intermittent nature system and can achieve total efficiencies renewables to its power mix and sets a target power plants today that may fit well in Development at Wärtsilä Energy Business. of wind and solar,” says Jan Andersson, as high as 90%. An added benefit of CHP of having 50% or 100% of its energy come its system for a while but could become “In contrast, the traditional approach uses Real world examples Market Development Manager, Growth & plants is that heat can be stored to use later. from renewable sources at a particular year redundant in five or 10 years because this approximations, which have worked OK in Advanced System Modelling has been used Development, Wärtsilä Energy Business. There is no doubt that Advanced System in the future. Country A’s experts can quite choice of asset hinders renewable penetration the past when power was generated mainly to optimise power systems in countries with “We need to introduce new solutions as well Modelling will play a crucial role in shaping easily calculate how much installed wind due to its inflexibility. Advanced System from large centralised power plants like coal a variety of challenges. as utilise the assets that are already there future power systems. It is the only system and solar it needs to meet this target. But Modelling can prevent this kind of stranded and nuclear and no intermittent renewables In 2015, the South African government through upgrades and conversions to make that takes real-life system challenges into how will it evaluate how the rest of its power asset, as it helps find the most optimal were in the systems on a large scale. As received guidance from Wärtsilä to the system more flexible.” account and provides a fundamental system will look at the same future year? solution with the least cost while at the same renewables increase in a power system, the examine and understand the gas flexibility Wind and solar generate power inter- understanding into multiple future scenarios How flexible should the system be? And time considering all the technical constraints. results tend to go even more wrong, which requirements for the country’s power mittently, but the demand for electricity while identifying most sensitivities. 18 in detail in detail 19 [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

The first is their simplicity as compared to to 33%, fuel consumption has decreased by

traditional power grids. 5% and CO2 emissions have fallen by 8%. “The complexity of microgrids is lower. The Azores, which installed a There are fewer assets, fewer transmission 6MW/3.2MWh energy storage system lines, and fewer substations. So, there’s more solution with engines, wind and solar, has / IN DETAIL ENERGY [ controlled, limited environments that need also optimised its entire grid in the Graciosa to be operated and maintained. This makes Hybrid Renewable Power Plant project it easier for the microgrid owner, which is with GEMS. The system will eliminate the typically a local power operator, to maintain use of 17,000 litres of diesel fuel per month the microgrid. So, advanced microgrids are on the island and boost renewable energy easier to get off the ground,” says Paldanius. consumption from 15% to 65%. Second, microgrids typically have a “While we still need more wind, solar, and lower generation capacity and are easier to to add some batteries, this is a great example calibrate to changes in consumer demand of how microgrids are the first to achieve throughout the year. the goal of 100% renewable electricity,” says “Wärtsilä’s GEMS energy management Paldanius. system can easily optimise the microgrids,” The Graciosa project’s ability to Paldanius says. Using GEMS, Wärtsilä is continuously operate fully on renewables is able to use AI and machine learning to get proof of its success. an accurate prediction of energy use and “The developer says the longest demand. It can also forecast how much continuous period of operating fully on solar power or other renewable sources renewables was three days,” says Paldanius. will be available for use and optimise their “The wind was blowing well, sun was generation. good, and the batteries were managing Once deployed, microgrids deliver three the overnight consumption – that’s a great key benefits: lower electricity costs and success.” tariffs; lower emissions as compared to thermal power generation or gas generation; Co-creating solutions and improved electricity stability, which can Over the long term, Paldanius expects that be especially valuable on islands where poor microgrids will continue to be developed grid management often leads to brownouts in partnership with utilities by combining Photo: HowardScott or even blackouts. historical data and the local utility’s renewable energy vision. A successful track record “It is a process of understanding all Wärtsilä has successfully deployed the assets on the island and co-creating a microgrids on the Caribbean island of microgrid that delivers on the customer’s Bonaire and in the Azores, an archipelago in need,” Paldanius says. Microgrids use renewables to offer efficient, the mid-Atlantic. Today, the value proposition of immediate On Bonaire, an island of 19,000 residents, results using Greensmith’s GEMS platform effective solutions to power challenges where microgrids are deployed: physical Wärtsilä’s 6MW/6MWh energy storage is expanding the market for Wärtsilä islands where there is a dependence on solution integrates multiple generation technologies for microgrids. imported fuels but there is an abundance of assets – including all of the island’s existing “With today’s technology and software renewables; isolated areas with high energy power generation, energy storage, and control systems, we’re able to improve AUTHOR: Lorelei Yang consumption for industrial applications, wind assets – with GEMS. Using GEMS to operations of the assets and predict load such as industrial mines, which require control the microgrid is a key to increasing much better even without adding new isolated grids to support high industrial Bonaire’s power system reliability, according technology,” says Paldanius. “It’s about energy demand; and remote inhabited areas, to Paldanius. Now that the energy storage data, machine learning, and optimising the Renewable energy sources are Microgrids – smaller, isolated power in recent years. It’s also easier to incorporate which require electricity for residential use, system and GEMS both have been installed system better. Yes, sometimes you’ll need to increasingly seen as a viable option for systems and grids with lower loads – have renewables into microgrid power generation but don’t have enough energy demand in on the whole island, Bonaire has “achieved add energy storage, but the key thing here is areas with unique challenges for energy exploded in popularity worldwide. A broad thanks to their size and structure. total for more traditional energy grids. social benefits, lower energy tariffs, reduced that we at Wärtsilä now have the capability production. Microgrids may be a way to range of projects, including microgrids Risto Paldanius, Director of Business The usefulness of microgrids in these emissions, and greater energy supply to do optimisation through powerful help expand renewable capabilities while for resilience, post-disaster building and Development at Wärtsilä Energy Business, situations is due to two key features, stability,” Paldanius says. The system has computing data and real-time systems also increasing operational efficiency. economic development, have come online says there are generally three types of places according to Paldanius. boosted wind penetration from around 20% operations.” 20 in detail in detail 21 [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

for offshore farms, according to Alexander Neste, which signed a 12-year contract to Vandenberghe, Research & Innovation purchase wind energy from the Kalax wind Advisor at WindEurope. farm. “With IoT, each turbine will be able to “It is a good sign. I have been expecting / IN DETAIL ENERGY [ communicate with the others, and the for years that there will be domestic buyers operator will be able to identify how to of wind power. In Finland, there is a big adjust each turbine in order to increase the domestic energy demand from the industry,” output on the farm level,” Vandenberghe says Kaitaniemi. explains. “We are moving towards real-time, Wärtsilä is positive about these condition-based maintenance, when the developments in Finland. The company condition of every component of a turbine develops technological solutions for data can be measured in real time.” centres powered by renewable energy. In This data would enable operators to case of a gap between the data centre’s adjust the workload and performance of any energy demand and wind and solar energy particular turbine and plan the maintenance supply, Wärtsilä’s flexible gas engine power process, so that a repair crew, once deployed plant can step in, dynamically adapting to to an offshore farm, could replace several the gap. This mode of operation is called components in different turbines at one “wind chasing” and it has been used by time. The ROMEO project, an EU Horizon power plants based on gas engines for years. 2020 venture, is currently testing IoT “Our role is to provide flexibility and technologies on several sites in the UK and stability to the grid, which allows for more Germany to reduce the maintenance costs wind power and renewables,” says Anette and increase the overall efficiency of wind Danielsson, Financial Analyst for Market farms. Development at Wärtsilä Energy Business. When it comes to the short-term outlook, Wärtsilä is also doing modelling for a lot depends on the national energy and flexible energy generation involving wind climate plans of each individual EU member energy. This modelling is aimed at optimising state as well as permitting issues. According power systems and finding the right balance to WindEurope, up to 90 GW of new wind between renewables and flexible gas plants. energy capacity could be installed across “By moving technology forward, Wärtsilä Photo: 123RF Europe in the next five years, if national is working on making a renewable energy plans are extremely ambitious and the future possible,” says Danielsson. permitting processes improve significantly. Recently published research in the journal Energy Policy shows that Europe has enough A promising investment from Google space to install new onshore turbines that capacity from the current 20 GW up to One recent bit of positive news for the wind could theoretically generate enough energy 450 GW by 2050 is achievable, according energy market was Google’s announcement to meet the energy demands of the whole Wind power has an important role to play to WindEurope, an association promoting in September 2019 to invest USD 2 billion world in 2050. Practically, however, this the use of wind power on the continent. The in renewable energy. About half of the option has a number of challenges as it as Europe pushes for carbon-neutrality key factors for success are the right spatial investments will be made in Europe, would require a huge amount of surface area maritime planning along with investments including large wind energy projects in and a massive expansion of transmission in the offshore and onshore grid. Finland (255 MW) and Sweden (286 MW). systems – both of which involve substantial The new wind projects will produce power investment. At the moment, the most AUTHOR: Alex Stevens Creating clean energy and jobs for Google’s data centre in Hamina, Finland. economical way of achieving carbon Wind farms remain one of the cheapest “We are glad to see these long-term neutrality is a combination of renewables, and cleanest sources of renewable energy power purchase agreements with Google,” storage, and solutions bringing flexibility. available, and they create new jobs in the says Marja Kaitaniemi, chairperson of the Because renewable sources are variable, the The European Commission has set a goal Today, 14% of energy in Europe is produced of the European Commission are even communities where turbines are installed. Finnish Wind Power Association. flexible thermal capacity can quickly step for Europe to become the world’s first by wind farms. The potential for this type of more ambitious. Offshore wind power Technologies such as Internet of Things More good news for wind power in in when they are unavailable. Initially, this carbon-neutral continent by 2050, and renewable energy is much higher, however. generation is central to its plan to transition (IoT) promise to make wind energy even Finland is the first domestic power purchase capacity will come from fossil-based fuels, wind energy has an important role to play Europe is already a world leader in to a carbon-neutral economy by 2050. more cost-efficient and reduce maintenance agreement between state-owned energy but in the future, it will rely on renewable in this transformation. the wind energy market, but the plans The goal to increase the offshore installed costs – an issue that is especially important company Fortum and the refining company synthetic fuels. 22 in detail in detail 23 [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

Sönderjysk II – Installation of the second train of a biogas upgrading plant, April 2020 (Denmark). that uses renewable energy to produce and high temperatures. Q Power has a Photo: Tom Rohde, WSE hydrogen from water using electrolysis. different approach. They obtain carbon dioxide from various “By using microorganisms in our unique sources, for example an anaerobic digester, bio-reactors we can do the process using which uses microorganisms to break low temperatures and no pressure,” Alitalo down organic material and produce says. “In addition, we don’t need to mix biogas. In September 2019, Wärtsilä or constantly pump fluid. Our technology / IN DETAIL ENERGY [ and Q Power signed a cooperation deal solves the problem of needing lots of energy designed to accelerate the development and to create biomethane.” commercialisation of renewable fuels. The anaerobic digester can use a variety Current challenges: cost and scale of organic material to create methane and A major benefit of bio- or synthetic carbon dioxide, such as waste from the methane is that it doesn’t require extensive forestry, food, or agriculture industries. new infrastructure, although the focus Carbon dioxide that would have been is more on how to collect the necessary released into the atmosphere is instead feedstock. The world already uses LNG for used to create fuel. Q Power combines the energy generation and transport, and bio- hydrogen and carbon dioxide to produce LNG, liquefied biomethane, and liquefied synthetic methane. synthetic methane can replace LNG with no “The big advantage of using methane as changes to existing systems.

fuel is the reduction of CO2 compared to “Biogas has the same methane molecule using traditional liquid fossil fuels,” says as LNG and, in fact, is a better-quality Reetta Kaila, Technology & Development fuel,” says Kaila. “It can be used in an LNG Manager, Renewable Gases at Wärtsilä engine on a ship or a power plant. Liquefied Marine Business. “According to a greenhouse biomethane or synthetic methane is 99.99%

gas emission study by a third party, methane, with only 50 ppm of CO2. Thus, Thinkstep, last year, using LNG can reduce the methane number is high and it will not

CO2 emissions by 12 to 15%, depending cause knocking issues. With fossil LNG that upon the engine, but using biomethane has heavier hydrocarbons and a methane

can actually be a net negative CO2 process, number ranging from below 70 to almost depending upon the source of the biomass.” 100, there is a risk that one cannot always operate on full load.” Wärtsilä partners with Q Power Biomethane sounds like the holy grail, but This is an example of the Power-to-X it does have issues that need to be addressed. process, in which renewable energy is Firstly, it needs raw material, but biogas converted into a form that can be used later. plants could be built close to major forestry, In this case, power is ultimately transformed food or agriculture centres where they could into synthetic methane gas. Wärtsilä source biomass such as residues. The biggest believes the Power-to-X process is a key to a challenge currently is cost. Biomethane sustainable future when there is an excess of can cost several times as much as natural biological processes, such as the breakup of renewable energy available. gas. However, as biogas plants scale up organic matter in anoxic soil environments “Wärtsilä is the global leader in marine production, costs are expected to come Biomethane: The next natural gas? or from the digestive process of cows. It and energy technology, and both of our down, in the same way as wind and solar is the main constituent of natural gas and companies see a 100% renewable energy power. Even more importantly, if the costs produces less carbon dioxide than other future,” Alitalo explains. of carbon emissions are included in the AUTHOR: David J. Cord hydrocarbon fuels for each unit of heat The first step of the partnership between price of fossil fuels, then biomethane begins released. Unlike other fuels, and depending Wärtsilä and Q Power is a demonstration to look much more attractive. upon the engine, burning methane results of the process. There are plans to take a “We’re very excited about Q Power’s in less nitrous oxide, sulphur dioxide or small, mobile plant to the Finnish pavilion technology and are happy to be partnering Could methane provide the catalyst There are many potential sources of “Biomethanation is biological methane particulate emissions. It becomes even more at the Expo in Dubai in 2021 to show how with them,” Kaila says. “We only have a for a 100% renewable energy future? renewable energy, but one is often production. It is a natural process carried attractive when it is produced sustainably. Q Power’s biological methanation process small carbon budget left to keep the global Biomethane is the new kid on the overlooked. In fact, we can’t even see it: out by natural organisms known as works and the benefits of synthetic methane. temperature increase to 1.5 degrees, and renewable energy block, but it is ready to microorganisms. Microbes can help us methanogens,” explains Anni Alitalo, R&D Carbon-neutral or carbon-negative energy There are other ways to create methane, serious decisions need to be made today. We come of age by providing real solutions to create clean, renewable energy in a process Director at Q Power. Methane can be produced from carbon such as catalyst technologies, but currently believe biomethane can play a huge role in our future fuel needs. called biomethanation. Methane is a gas that is formed mostly by dioxide and hydrogen. Q Power is a start-up some of these methods need high pressure fuelling the energy and maritime sectors.” 24 in detail in detail 25 [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

] / IN DETAIL MARINE [

Photo: 123RF

At ports around the world, anchored system that wastes fuel and produces excess piloting or towage, according to Matteo vessels sit in the distance, waiting for greenhouse gas emissions. It’s also a source Natali, General Manager of Business A new digital solution for revolutionising permission to dock, resulting in fuel waste, of increased workload for captains and Development at Wärtsilä. higher carbon emissions, and congestion. crews, who often work on tight schedules “Container ships spend on average 6% of Is there a way to solve this problem? only to sit in congested ports waiting for a their time at anchor waiting for berthing,” port operations arrives just in time berth. says Natali. In most cases, cargo ships arriving at port A major source of inefficiency in port If a port implements a scheduling system are assigned a docking space on a first- arrivals is that ships use “unnecessarily that allocates berths to specific vessels and AUTHOR: Hunter B. Martin come-first-served basis. This method of excessive speeds” only to reach port and maintains continuous communication with port arrivals has, in effect, created a queuing have to wait for berthing slots or access to the vessels to achieve just-in-time arrival, 26 in detail in detail 27 [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

] need to move to an orchestrated system where berth slots are allotted based on operations and availability,” says Natali. To achieve an optimised system of just-in- time arrivals, ports and vessels need an open platform for transparent communication. While ongoing exchanges of information are crucial to achieving a system of just- in-time arrivals, currently a significant / IN DETAIL MARINE [ portion of communication in the maritime transport segment occurs via old-fashioned interactions including mail, telephones, and telefax. Wärtsilä technology is revitalising the outdated methods for an updated and integrated solution. The company recently launched Wärtsilä Navi-Port, a middleware that enables a real- time digital arrival time exchange between the port and the vessel. When the berth is allocated, it will automatically send out the recommended arrival time information to the approaching vessel. The vessel can then act on that information to either continue sailing as it is to meet the original arrival time or slow down if the proposed slot is later than it planned to arrive. The arrival time exchange works two ways, so the ship The Wärtsilä Navi-Port middleware enables just-in-time operations by improving communication. Photo: 123RF can notify the port as well if it can’t make the proposed time. “Sharing the recommended arrival time gives the approaching vessel more flexibility and awareness for its decision making. cybersecurity protocols. wholly successful, however, more than connected users, the stronger the value of the need to anchor is significantly reduced. thus leading to less fuel consumption,” Sharing the arrival time information across The tests highlighted the impact technological developments are needed; the system.” Additionally, even small adjustments to a Katajainen says. stakeholders also helps to keep the port of just-in-time arrivals on improving maritime stakeholders must shift their ways Navi-Port was also built to adapt to the vessel’s speed have dramatic impacts on fuel An important reason just-in-time sailing services running smoothly, as port services efficiency, resource planning, reducing fuel of thinking about the traditional means infrastructure and technology in the current consumption. has drawn support is the maritime industry’s such as tug operators, pilots, and bunkering consumption and carbon emissions, and of operation. In the shipping sector, there fleet. Emil Katajainen, Business Development focus on achieving the sustainability facilities can receive the same information,” also underscored the importance of just- are certain legacy processes or contractual “The key behind Wärtsilä Navi-Port is Manager at Wärtsilä, describes the problem goals to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) Katajainen says. in-time arrivals for all segments of the frameworks that may be impacting the flexibility and inter-operability – Navi-Port this way: emissions set forth by the International maritime industry dedicated to optimising attractiveness of just-in-time sailing. can connect easily to any kind of vessel, “Imagine a situation where three vessels Maritime Organization (IMO) for 2050. A solution for all segments sustainability solutions. “When it comes to the operational side navigation system, or port system,” Natali are arriving around the same time to the Reducing the industry’s carbon footprint A variety of factors can affect port “We are committed to making cruising of things, there are still some incentive says. same port and the same berth, and berthing requires making changes on many fronts; arrivals and departures, which means that more sustainable, and to setting an example schemes and contractual structures that Katajainen says that there is an argument slots are allocated on a first-come-first- compared to many other GHG reduction delays must be built into any maritime in greener and safer operations,” Michael are preventing the adoption of just-in-time to be made for just-in-time arrivals from served basis. There is a big incentive for all methods, aiming for just-in-time arrivals scheduling system. Navi-Port enables Salzmann, Senior Nautical Superintendent arrival. For example, demurrage clauses and both an environmental and business three vessels to ‘race to the finish line’ and is impactful, cheap, readily available, and ship-to-shore communication to optimise at Carnival Maritime, says in a press arrival clauses can specify that the original perspective. try to secure the first possible slot. Two of able to improve operational efficiency if the voyage planning, weather routing, and release. “We have tested the [Wärtsilä target time must be applied even when a “I think we’re in a fortunate position the vessels will speed up for nothing, and industry is willing to adapt. While there are fuel consumption. This streamlined Navi-Port] solution with two of our ships, berthing slot is not available at the original because I think we are offering both even the extra fuel consumption for the emission abatement technologies available communication is especially helpful at a the AidaSol and the AidaPerla. The ships’ target time,” explains Katajainen. environmental and financial benefits at the winning vessel could’ve been avoided if the on the market, the just-in-time concept time of distress, such as during a storm, onboard Wärtsilä NACOS Platinum Through demonstrating the same time. By removing this wasted time, slots were allocated dynamically. optimises voyages so that unnecessary fuel which impacts everyone’s schedule and navigation systems were connected directly “unprecedented saving” and other benefits ships are both saving on their fuel bill and “Now imagine the exact same situation, consumption and emissions are avoided in causes a lot of changes in arrival times. to Hamburg Vessel Coordination Center, of just-in-time arrivals, Natali believes that bringing about environmental benefits. It’s but with dynamic slot planning. The exact the first place. Navi-Port technology has undergone which allowed continuous communications, it is possible to create a new mindset. one of the cheapest, most bang-for-your- same berthing slots are available, and the successful testing as part of a joint project resulting in just-in-time arrivals.” “It is essential to create a wide network buck methods of reducing emissions, which only difference is that they’re given in Better communication, better planning between Wärtsilä, Carnival Maritime and of connected ports and vessels,” Natali says. is also a clear IMO goal for the future. advance. Each vessel will know their laytime Moving away from the current system isn’t HVCC Hamburg Vessel Coordination Creating a new mindset “While Navi-Port can bring immediate You will get both benefits when you are in advance, and each vessel can schedule easy, however. Center. The Bureau Veritas Marine and For the Navi-Port technology and a benefits to ship operators and the port executing just-in-time arrivals,” Katajainen their arrival according to the slot availability, “For just-in-time arrivals to work, ports Offshore approved the technology’s system of just-in-time arrivals to be community, the wider the network of concludes. 28 in detail in detail 29 [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

] / IN DETAIL MARINE [

The Grande Portogallo was able to achieve significant fuel efficiency gains thanks to its CPP. Photo: Grimaldi

developments to make new and existing thinking across the board. it more readily available for the maritime Propelling the maritime industry vessels more efficient and less polluting. This, in turn, has implications for industry to adopt. Wärtsilä worked with its partners, the future development as well. For instance, Netherlands-based Maritime Research MARIN hopes to eventually integrate the Future collaboration opportunities forward, one device at a time Institute (MARIN) and Italian shipowner optimisation of the four main components Both MARIN and Wärtsilä continue to Grimaldi, to prove the efficiency of the PSS of a ship’s propulsion – the hull, energy work on propeller design projects, building in meeting the project’s goals. The device savings device, main engine, and propellers on past learnings and providing incremental AUTHOR: Lorelei Yang was the culmination of a collaborative – to develop optimised systems. The improvements. Since the PSS has to be design and development process that theory is that optimising a ship’s whole customised for different ship types, they are saw each party bring its best to the table, system might lead to different (and better) already looking for ways and means to make providing the expertise and resources to test outcomes than optimising each piece of the the process more efficient. its energy-saving capabilities. system in isolation. This is important. An increasingly strict Wärtsilä’s partnership with MARIN and inflow of water, the device’s designers say, “This represents a breakthrough in MARIN had previously collaborated with “We think if you have a slightly less regulatory environment has made reducing Grimaldi on the LeanShips initiative has has been scientifically proven to lead to less making ships with controllable pitch Wärtsilä on other propeller design projects efficient hull, it could be that the interaction marine emissions a necessity. For fleet yielded exciting fuel improvements and fuel consumption, improving the vessel’s propellers more efficient, and therefore less including the GRIP project funded by the with the propeller goes up enough to offset operators like Grimaldi, the benefit of long-term business opportunities for all energy savings. This aspect has never been polluting,” said Dario Bocchetti, Corporate European Commission under the Seventh the loss in efficiency due to the hull,” adds energy-saving devices is apparent: using involved. investigated for CPPs, making this a truly Energy Saving Manager, Grimaldi Group. Framework programme. The synergies and Flikkema. less fuel to power a ship reduces operating innovative product. learnings from these partnerships made This has huge implications for ship costs and helps them meet environmental In June 2019, the Grimaldi Group’s Grande The test was a success, with the Grande Expert partnership to produce working with Wärtsilä on the LeanShips owners and ship operators who are regulations. Portogallo, a 165-metre-long pure car and Portogallo achieving confirmed fuel optimal results project a foregone conclusion, says Maarten scrambling to find ways and means to In this context, demand for CPP and truck carrier fitted with a controllable pitch efficiency gains of up to 3.5%. This was The test was part of the LeanShips initiative, Flikkema, Senior Lead Project Manager at optimise their vessels and fleets. similar technologies emerging from the propeller (CPP), set sail with a ground- a momentous achievement, especially which is funded by the EU’s Horizon 2020 MARIN. “The development knowledge acquired LeanShips initiative will only increase. Open breaking piece of technology onboard: a considering the maritime industry’s drive European Innovation project. It aims to in the LeanShips project will help with the collaboration and a smart marine ecosystem pre-swirl stator (PSS) designed for CPP to adopt new technologies that help in demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability Long-term benefits for Wärtsilä and MARIN commercialisation process for the PSS,” are the only way to ensure the development application that influences water flow to reducing emissions, improving efficiencies of energy-saving and emission-reducing Initiatives like LeanShips have spurred a says Michel Ebben, Product Manager for of tried and tested technologies to meet this the propeller. Being able to control the and, in turn, increasing profitability. technologies at full scale while supporting round of innovation and out-of-the-box Propulsion at Wärtsilä Marine, making demand. 30 in detail in detail 31 [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

] / IN DETAIL MARINE [

Costa Victoria’s 25-year-old propulsion converters are still in use, but they are upgraded with modern control electronics.

load sharing, frequency control, protection conditioning and the hotel load require go above and beyond what regulations for gensets, and automatic blackout electricity to operate, and without it a vessel require. These extensive backup systems are recovery. It was seen as a revolution in the would cease to function. Without the power necessary since losing total electrical power cruise segment, and electric propulsion station principle, vessels require at least two is not an option onboard a cruise ship full of Cruise lines have been at the forefront of electric propulsion. systems have continued to evolve ever since. power sources in order to maintain both passengers. Approximately 60% of ships were using electrical systems and propulsion. On the Electric propulsion systems can also help electric propulsion systems by the end of other side, an electric cruise ship is able to increase passenger comfort because these the 1990s, and today it is the cruise industry operate with only one engine at low load. systems make very little noise and produce standard to implement electric propulsion With an electric propulsion system, a no vibrations. Electric propulsion is key to systems for newbuilds, according to vessel’s engines are not connected to the Uwe Heine, Chief Technologist, Marine propeller shafts. Rather, engines are linked Hybridisation Electrical Systems at Wärtsilä. with electricity-producing generators In the 1990s, when the landmark project a zero-emissions future in cruise Heine has been working in the industry that power electric motors. The newest Costa Victoria was delivered, electric for 27 years and has witnessed the dramatic technology for these motors is with propulsion was an attractive option due to expansion of electric propulsion systems. permanent magnets at the rotors. By this efficiency and reliability, and its potential for AUTHOR: Hunter B. Martin He remembers the installation of the first evolution in design, the propeller shaft enabling OPEX savings. electric propulsion system on the Costa optimises efficiency at a 25% reduction – Seen as such, it existed in competition Victoria and has monitored the progression from 8% losses with a traditional electric with more traditional propulsion systems, of the technology ever since. excited motor to only 6% losses with to be judged on a fairly typical ratio of “It’s an evolution, not a revolution,” he permanent magnet technology from investment to measurable value. Technological advancements are a natural progress towards these goals depends on Victoria became the first integrated electric says. “The basics are still the same. Diesel generator shaft to the propeller shaft. Today, with the advent of hybrid, electric part of the evolution of the cruise industry adopting future fuels, electric propulsion propulsion system installed on a cruise ship engines are driving electric generators propulsion can be considered in a different – from oars and sails to steam and diesel. systems also can play a critical role, by Wärtsilä. The electric propulsion system that form the power station that supplies Benefits to passengers context. Electric propulsion systems are the latest especially in the cruise segment, which is linked all onboard systems from bridge to everything onboard the vessel.” Electric propulsion systems not only While the systems themselves perhaps step in this progression. uniquely sensitive to public pressure and propeller including automation, navigation, optimise ship operations in a variety of demonstrate only modest “evolution,” customer feedback. electrical distribution, the switchboard, and Optimising efficiency capacities, but also help improve the number according to Heine, the introduction of an In the last few years, regulators in the Fortunately, the cruise segment has complete cabling. Maritime vessels need constant sources of one focus on cruise ships: passenger safety. electric power system to a vessel paves the maritime industry have set lofty goals for been at the forefront of adopting electric By connecting to Costa Victoria’s power to operate not only the propellers, According to Heine, Wärtsilä specialises in way towards total hybridisation. This has carbon emissions reduction and improving propulsion technology. decentralised power management system, but also every other system onboard. Ship crafting an integrated electric propulsion also guaranteed a future-proof, sustainable, energy efficiency. While much of the In 1995, a landmark project on the Costa the electric propulsion system optimised engines, the tunnel thrusters, galleys, air systems portfolio with safety features that and efficient upgrade path for customers 32 in detail in detail 33 [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

who made the decision to invest in electric increasingly digital, and vessels that invest in propulsion systems. digitisation are at the front of the curve. The key to a zero-carbon-emissions future is hybridisation between electric propulsion Looking to the future systems and diesel engines, batteries, and Heine says that given the technology fuel cells, because at the end of the day, all available today, running diesel engines on / IN DETAIL MARINE [ systems are linked by electricity. liquefied natural gas (LNG) in combination Wärtsilä’s electric propulsion systems with batteries is more efficient than using were designed to have low lifecycle costs for fuel cells. It is also cleaner, since the engines maintenance, repairs, or spare parts and are run with no visible smoke and produce even hybrid-ready for older vessels. Electric less nitrogen gas. This make batteries propulsion systems also decrease carbon particularly desirable as the cruise segment emissions and fuel consumption, improving expands into developing more exploration the overall sustainability of the vessel, as well cruises into remote or protected locations, as maximising efficiency and optimising such as the Norwegian fjords. gensets to meet power requirements across a “Evolution is driven by society,” Heine range of speeds. says. “Society is now aware that we have “At Wärtsilä, we have people who environmental issues we need to solve, and specialise in the engines and systems electric propulsion systems are the base for integrations and hybridisation and the zero emissions.” electric propulsion systems,” Heine says. Ships that operate with hybridisation “Everyone at Wärtsilä is available and using batteries also can decrease operating is working jointly together to develop a hours, maintenance needs, lube-oil costs of cohesive portfolio. Wärtsilä has developed the engines, and increase fuel savings. With energy management systems that link diesel propulsion, ships can also use bio- together all of the hardware and the software hybridisation to allow for better utilisation which produce energy.” of the engine. Someday, Heine predicts, larger batteries will even be able to power Digitalisation ships without an engine. Connecting electric propulsion systems Ultimately, the goal, according to Heine, to computers and utilising remote service is to continue to advance and find better options have been a part of the cruise sources of green energy. Batteries and segment since the 1990s. According to fuel cells are only the beginning, but new Heine, even the earliest electric propulsion types of fuel – such as liquid hydrogen or systems utilised remote service, and today ammonia – that have been expensive up increased digitalisation plays a key role until now may play a greater role in the in data collection to continue to advance future. technology onboard cruise ships. Wärtsilä is currently investigating several Digitalisation also plays a key role in future fuels including synthetic methane, data collection, which helps continue to ammonia, hydrogen, and methanol with the advance the technology onboard cruise goal of providing fuel flexibility around the ships. By digitally connecting a vessel’s globe and across engine types. With modern systems to shore, voyages can be optimised technology, internal combustion engines to reduce fuel consumption, cruising speeds, are adaptable to burn all fuel types. Dual- port arrival times, and routes based on fuel, or spark-ignited engines, are capable weather patterns and other factors. Data of burning LNG, while diesel engines can also becomes more transparent as it can be run on liquid biofuels, biodiesel or e-diesel. shared with stakeholders in real time. Other sources of power are being explored By investing in digitalisation, ship owners such as solar hybrid power plants, which are able to make the most of technological also provide clean, sustainable energy to advancements and capitalise on enhanced power the maritime segment. optimisation, data collection, and “The sources of energy create an interconnection between onboard systems. ecosystem; everything is linked to each The future of the maritime industry is other,” Heine says. 34 in detail in detail 35 [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

Fleet Operations Solution, we look forward because of bandwidth. Now that we have it, to contributing to the further development there are a lot of possibilities including data / IN DETAIL MARINE [ of the solution as an early adopter,” says transfer between ship and shore.” Capt. Bjorn Hojgaard, Chief Executive Officer of Anglo-Eastern. Off to a flying start Wärtsilä’s FOS is based on the connected The deal with Anglo-Eastern raises the Electronic Chart Display and Information bar for more transparency and efficiency System (ECDIS). This equipment is already in the maritime sector. It enables different mandatory on every ship, but the Wärtsilä stakeholders such as ports, ship owners, and FOS gives it a new and more significant ships to plug in to one common platform to importance. FOS is the common platform share or exchange data on a real-time basis. that integrates a connected ECDIS with a For example, it allows ports to connect with ship’s planning station via cloud computing, vessels via ship traffic control solutions to machine learning, data analytics, and mobile better manage arrival times. So, if all the applications. berths in a port are occupied, FOS could “Fleet Operations Solution is exactly what share relevant information such as the we mean when we at Wärtsilä talk about expected time of arrival with approaching utilising a Smart Marine approach to raise vessels. That in turn enables ships to adjust efficiencies, improve safety, and reduce their speed and operations, leading to fuel the carbon footprint of shipping. We are savings and lower emissions. excited to be bringing these benefits to the In some ways, FOS brings the shipping 600-vessel Anglo-Eastern fleet over the industry closer to achieving the same fleet coming 12 months,” says Torsten Büssow, management efficiencies as the aviation Managing Director of Wärtsilä Voyage sector. Solutions/Transas. “If you look at aircraft, they have a slot A recent trial of Wärtsilä FOS by system where the arriving airport already Danish Shipping company J. Lauritzen tells the departing airport when your arrival A/S estimated that fuel worth USD 15,000 slot will be. It’s kind of a similar approach. can be economised in just one voyage of However, in the maritime industry it’s a one ship by using the system. Apart from bit more complicated and very hard to How a digitalisation deal could fuel savings, there are several other touch implement because there is very little points for savings, such as reduced friction standardisation and sometimes conflicting between maritime stakeholders that help interests among stakeholders,” explains revolutionise the maritime industry The power of connectivity improve operations, reduce emissions, Dausendschoen. This multi-year milestone deal puts the increase safety, and reduce crew workload. He adds, “There are too many focus on Wärtsilä’s Fleet Operation Solution For example, a ship owner and a charterer stakeholders and all very different from AUTHOR: Payal Bhattar (FOS). FOS integrates individual processes can close chartering deals with increased each other. Ports are different from each that are otherwise separate from each transparency, thereby reducing potential other, vessels are very different, etc. Low other. It enables voyage planning, weather claims. FOS leads to better closure of standardisation is one of the reasons why routing, ship-to-shore reporting and fleet commercial deals based on the ship’s the maritime sector is lagging behind. In December 2019, Anglo-Eastern agreed right path for digitising the Anglo-Eastern ship management company. That makes performance management to reduce fuel performance as well as a reduced risk of Fortunately, we have technology as an with Wärtsilä on a programme to digitalise fleet, but the programme the two firms it very important and valuable,” says Kay consumption, and takes into consideration financial burden for the owner, since it enabler so it’s possible to do it now.” its global fleet of more than 600 vessels developed is a game changer for the maritime Dausendschoen, Solutions Manager, charter party compliance and speed provides early warnings of situations such as Experts agree. As a “new normal” in what was one of the maritime industry’s industry. The solution supports full voyage Wärtsilä Marine Business. “It will have a management, as well as the condition of the violations of charter party agreements. characterised by increased market volatility, largest digitalisation deals ever. What does planning and execution as well as engine multiplier effect. These owning companies hull, propeller, and engine. “Better connectivity is a game changer fluctuations in trade, and geopolitical and this mean for the sector? performance and fuel-efficiency monitoring. are already asking us, ‘I have half of my “We are keen to leverage the advantages for us,” says Dausendschoen. “In the past, environmental risk emerges, ship owners “It is a lighthouse deal. We deliver fleet with Anglo-Eastern. Can I also apply of the latest digital solutions to maximise the connection bandwidth and overall and operators will have to rely on smart Hong Kong-based ship manager Anglo- our solution to 600 vessels managed by Wärtsilä’s solution to all my other vessels?’ the efficiency of our voyages and the connection between ship and shore was solutions like FOS to stay afloat. The deal Eastern and its technology partner Wärtsilä AESM, but there are 60 ship-owning So, the deal with Anglo-Eastern is a door to performance of our fleet. Realising the extremely limited. Connectivity for the between Anglo-Eastern and Wärtsilä is a spent more than two years working on the companies behind Anglo-Eastern as the a much larger pool of potential customers.” opportunities made possible by the Wärtsilä merchant market was a very big problem giant leap in this new direction. 36 in detail in detail 37 [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

of installations have a significantly greater power requirement, their need to identify and develop cost-effective solutions is also more urgent. / IN DETAIL MARINE

[ No need for permanent on-site crew The Wärtsilä Power solution has been developed to enable all maintenance activities for NUIs to be performed efficiently using “walk to work” support vessels during scheduled maintenance campaigns, eliminating the need for permanent operational and maintenance crew on site. The solution can be extended to include the maintenance of power management, automation and auxiliary equipment. It is a holistic power solution that can be tailored according to the requirements of each individual installation and is supplied together with a power system, including high-efficiency Wärtsilä DF engines, generators, and auxiliary systems installed in the engine room and designed for fully unmanned or reduced- crew operations. The solution is also supported by a variety of cutting-edge digital solutions. First, the installation is continuously monitored using Wärtsilä remote condition monitoring and condition analysis. Operational data is measured by meters and sensors installed on site and transmitted via cyber-secured data transfer utilising a Wärtsilä Data Collection Unit to the Wärtsilä Expertise Centre, where it is analysed by Wärtsilä Expert Insight, which combines Wärtsilä’s unique OEM expertise and advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technology. A Wärtsilä expert at Get set to crank the efficiency of normally unattended installations (NUIs) the Expertise Centre analyses trends and unattended offshore oil and gas is a cost-effective, safe and reliable power- remotely tunes engine performance via Wärtsilä Power solution for normally operations up to the max thanks to generation concept that combines highly secured remote access through a service the new Wärtsilä Power solution. Now, efficient, low-emission Wärtsilä dual-fuel PC installed on site to diagnose the offshore assets will be able to operate (DF) engines with sophisticated digital operating condition and determine what unattended offshore installations takes for up to six months without the need for solutions, and is suitable for a wide variety actions are required. Last but not least, on-site personnel or scheduled on-site of NUIs. predictive maintenance is planned and offshore operations onshore maintenance. While some types of platforms are already scheduled, based on the collected data adapted for unmanned operations, Wärtsilä’s and remote equipment condition analysis, As oil and gas companies continue to look objective is to take this development a step and is performed at optimised intervals by for more efficient, less expensive, and further and extend unmanned operational Wärtsilä’s highly skilled field service crew. AUTHORS: Samuli Kyttälä, Senior Business Innovation Manager, Wärtsilä Marine Business safer ways to operate offshore, demand is capabilities to floating production storage Jon Inge Buli, Senior Sales Manager Oil & Gas, Wärtsilä Marine Business growing for power solutions that do not and offloading (FPSO) units, floating Service intervals of up to six months mail: samuli .kyttala@wartsila .com, jon .buli@wartsila .com require regular inspections and maintenance storage and offloading units (FSOs) and Whereas traditional offshore power onboard. The Wärtsilä Power solution for production platforms. Since these types solutions require monitoring and regular 38 in detail in detail 39 [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

] The Wärtsilä Power solution for NUIs extends intervals between maintenance campaigns up to six months.

costs and emissions due to the reduced need A customer-driven solution to transport personnel into the field, and At Wärtsilä, we work closely with our / IN DETAIL MARINE [ the elimination of offshore accommodation customers to develop solutions that directly and facilities needed to support day-to-day fulfil their needs and expectations. This life on the unit. This also reduces capital project was driven to a great extent by expenditure (CAPEX), since there is no the North Sea oil companies, who are need to invest in building accommodation increasingly looking for “lean” ways to make and the cost associated with classing the their operations safer, more cost-effective asset for living quarters is also eliminated. and more efficient. The Wärtsilä Power solution for NUIs is the result of a joint Digital solutions to maximise uptime development project involving Wärtsilä, oil The cost-effectiveness of the facility is companies and engineering companies. further enhanced by the use of Wärtsilä’s This groundbreaking solution is currently state-of-the-art digital solutions, which the only reliable, highly efficient solution maximise uptime and massively reduce of its kind using fuel-flexible DF engines, the risk of unplanned incidents. Unlike which can provide up to six months’ a standardised approach, whereby the operational time without any planned condition of the equipment is monitored maintenance activities on site. Another through visual inspection, Wärtsilä’s remote factor that makes it unique is the unrivalled condition-based monitoring and analysis standard service based on cutting-edge ensures proactive monitoring and analysis digital and AI solutions in combination of the engine’s running data, allowing with Wärtsilä’s market-leading expertise anomalies to be detected and addressed and experience as an original equipment before they become serious enough to cause manufacturer (OEM). a breakdown or, worse still, a safety risk. Wärtsilä is an innovator and thought In the oil and gas sector, where safety leader in its field with decades of experience continues to be the number one priority, developing equipment for the offshore the Wärtsilä Power solution does not just market. The company also designs, offer cost-saving advantages. By transferring engineers, and delivers remotely monitored activities from a potentially hazardous and remotely operated power plants all over offshore environment to an onshore remote the world. All this expertise and experience control room and workshop, worker safety have been combined to develop this unique is dramatically enhanced. Furthermore, power solution concept specifically for NUIs. the opportunity to work onshore also Going forward, this kind of operational contributes to improved work-life balance model will become more and more for personnel who will no longer be commonplace in newer oil and gas required to spend long weeks and months developments. This solution is simply the at sea. next logical step in the development of a Last but not least, remote condition-based smart offshore ecosystem for the future. At monitoring and analysis can be used to this stage, the leap to completely unmanned inspections in which maintenance is and diagnosis to define actions to be taken flexibility. Meanwhile, Wärtsilä’s remote out offshore to an onshore environment, detect operational changes at an early stage, operations may only be something the carried out depending on the number of during the next maintenance campaign, or monitoring and expertise help maximise minimising the need for costly offshore providing additional time for corrective most progressive, innovative oil companies running hours of the engine, the Wärtsilä immediately if required. uptime, leading to reduced operational monitoring and inspection activities action to be taken to minimise the risk of are ready to consider. However, the same Power solution requires no such activities. The Wärtsilä Power solution offers a wide expenditure (OPEX) Fewer man-hours and maximising maintenance activities serious incidents occurring at sea. philosophy, lessons learned and knowledge The interval between maintenance variety of advantages designed to make on site also help reduce lost time incident onshore or in the workshop. For oil and gas All these reasons show how digital gained can also be utilised to make manned campaigns can typically be extended for power generation leaner, safer, and more frequency. companies, this has the potential to secure solutions can help improve efficiencies operations leaner – which will perhaps be up to six months, and in the meantime cost effective. The use of highly efficient It is important to note that the Wärtsilä considerable cost savings, since onshore across the board, ensuring safer and more the first step in this evolution. We believe the equipment and its performance are Wärtsilä DF engines leads to reliable power Power solution does not seek to eliminate hours are significantly less expensive than reliable operations, making the Wärtsilä remote monitoring is the future, and we are constantly monitored and evaluated from a generation with low emissions, combined the need for personnel, but to transfer offshore hours. Other factors that contribute Power solution a key element of Wärtsilä’s prepared to assist customers who are ready remote location, enabling remote detection with increased fuel efficiency and fuel activities that previously had to be carried to leaner operations include the cutting of vision for a Smart Marine ecosystem. to get on board. 40 in detail in detail 41 [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

Before the project began, Heerema studied market requirements and evaluated several vessel concepts, and concluded that it wanted a semi-submersible-type hull for its new vessel. Based on past projects, Heerema knew that Wärtsilä would be a / IN DETAIL MARINE [ reliable partner for developing innovative new solutions to meet these requirements. Lauri Tiainen, Director, Thrusters, Wärtsilä Marine Business, notes that close collaboration between Wärtsilä and Heerema throughout Sleipnir’s development was integral to the project’s success. “Having a direct customer [Heerema] involved in the development helped better align the development with the customer’s desires. So, we came together and said, let’s commit to doing this together,” Tiainen says. This cooperative process allowed Wärtsilä and Heerema to develop the never-before- seen technologies that made Sleipnir possible.

First-of-its-kind technology Through joint discussions, Wärtsilä and Heerema developed 360-degree rotatable, retractable thrusters with underwater mountability for Sleipnir. The project is the first time both retractability and underwater mountability features have been brought together in a single thruster design. The underwater mountability was especially important. “Because Sleipnir is so big, there are only a handful of dry docks in the world that a vessel this big can enter,” says Tiainen. “Thus, from a risk mitigation perspective for the customer, not having to go into dry dock for assistance is valuable.” In addition to their unique design, Sleipnir’s thrusters are also mounted at an 8-degree downward angle. Tiainen explains the rationale: “From Wärtsilä’s research in hydrodynamics, we’ve found that this angle ensures water isn’t pushing against the ship’s Creating state-of-the-art features for a feat of engineering, Sleipnir is impressive hull. It doesn’t make sense to burn a lot of Sleipnir, which will remove and install on multiple levels. The environmentally energy to produce water flow if it’s hitting World’s largest semi-submersible crane structures in the open sea, required friendly LNG-powered vehicle features two your own vessel. This configuration – which extensive knowledge, creative thinking, revolving cranes that can lift up to 20,000 minimises that problem – is much more vessel gets a boost from Wärtsilä and open communication. tonnes in tandem – that’s the equivalent of efficient and effective for both moving the two Eiffel Towers. ship forward and keeping it stationary. With Last summer, Wärtsilä delivered the biggest The delivery was the culmination of a five- these thrusters, the ship can travel the globe steerable thruster in its new thruster year effort that began with conversations fairly quickly with its own thrusters, which AUTHOR: Lorelei Yang portfolio for Sleipnir, the world’s largest between Wärtsilä and Sleipnir’s owner, Dutch allows it to cover the broad geographic semi-submersible crane vessel (SSCV). As offshore contractor Heerema, in 2014. area that’s needed to fulfil jobs. With the 42 in detail in detail 43 [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

] / IN DETAIL MARINE [

Sleipnir is the only type of its vessel in the world, so minimising downtime is critical. Photo: Heerema

thrusters, the ship can also be maintained completed the world’s largest-ever lift two of the thrusters, you’re still able to stay very precisely in position during lifting jobs.” (15,300 tonnes), installing the topsides for in the same position, despite the wind and To account for the large amounts of Noble Energy’s Leviathan development waves.” ballast that Sleipnir takes in and the depths in the Mediterranean. In total, Sleipnir The features ensure that Sleipnir is to which the vessel may sink (up to 32–40 installed its two main topsides with a total maximally safe and mitigates as much risk metres into the baseline for the ship weight of 24,500 tonnes in less than 20 as possible. itself, and even deeper for the thrusters), hours for the Leviathan development. Finally, Sleipnir has an extensive significant R&D was needed to ensure the “In the jobs it performs, Sleipnir must condition-monitoring system that optimises thrusters would remain water-free even at lift huge loads very precisely to install wind inspection and monitoring procedures deep depths. Sleipnir’s thrusters are sealed turbines or install big offshore platforms towards predictive maintenance and helps with Wärtsilä Ocean Guard anti-pollution while fighting against constant wind and avoid nasty surprises as the thrusters face-type seals, constantly monitored for waves,” observes Tiainen. “So, the thruster experience normal wear and tear. This possible leakages to ensure that lubrication system and positioning system need to work increases predictability and reduces the risk oil from the thrusters doesn’t enter the sea together in precise cooperation to maintain of unexpected downtime, which according and is drained for oil recycling. Similarly, the position and avoid safety risks regarding to Tiainen is important because Sleipnir is seawater leakages can be drained in a the load that’s being lifted.” the only vessel of its type in the world. If it’s controlled manner to avoid water intrusion With these challenging conditions in out of commission, there are certain jobs no into the thruster unit. mind, Sleipnir was built to have the highest other vessel could perform in its place. possible degree of system redundancy at all Even though the thrusters are completed, Sleipnir’s thrusters are Precision in challenging conditions positioned at an 8-degree levels as well as dynamic positioning (DP3). Wärtsilä’s work on Sleipnir is far from downward angle to take As the world’s largest crane vessel, Sleipnir “Whatever failure happens, you won’t lose done, as the two companies will be working advantage of hydrodynamics. is used for heavy lifting jobs, largely in your position,” Tiainen says. “There’s a lot of together to maintain the vessel for at least the open sea. On 8 September 2019, it extra engine capacity, and even if you lose the next 30 years. 44 in detail in detail 45 [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

fuels, for the moment there are considerable energy on surplus land could yield enough toxicity, and a lack of rules and regulations. obstacles to overcome, including lack of volume to supply the whole marine industry Methanol may become commercially regulation, supply chain infrastructure, and most heavy road transportation with viable to some extent, and fuel cells will be and poor economic feasibility. LNG only bioLNG, assuming all vessels would be applicable for certain segments in shipping attained commercial viability after a long converted to LNG. with lower power demand or short distances / IN DETAIL MARINE [ period of R&D and testing covering the as well as for road transportation. Large- whole supply chain followed by acceptance Potential fuels of the future scale adoption of the hydrogen fuel cell by marine classification societies. BioLNG On paper, hydrogen fuel cells present an as the primary energy source is unlikely and synthetic LNG can leverage the fossil exciting proposition because they convert for many years to come and cannot be LNG infrastructure since these can be clean hydrogen into electrical energy and considered a solution for meeting the IMO blended in all ratios with fossil LNG as soon steam without the need for an emitting 2050 GHG targets. as their production rates and economics are combustion process. However, the cost of Today, the only established fuel that takes in place. producing fuel cells and the lack of a green us towards the IMO goals is LNG. Fossil Given this likely progression, the internal hydrogen refuelling network means that this LNG, however, is only an intermediate combustion engine will remain the best technology is not yet scalable, especially for fuel, and we must work towards a parallel option for upping our climate change huge ocean-going ships. increase in production capacity for making mitigation game. It offers the most realistic Large-scale hydrogen production based bio- and synthetic LNG from renewable emissions-reduction potential because there’s on electrolysis demands large amounts of energy sources. nothing that can be done with heavy fuel oil energy and has low total efficiency. This (HFO) that cannot be done with liquefied is perhaps one of the biggest challenges A new ecosystem natural gas (LNG) and future fuels. Wärtsilä for hydrogen as a fuel itself, and for any At Wärtsilä, we’re taking a big picture dual-fuel engines, which entered the market other synthetic fuels based on hydrogen. approach to tackling the targets and more than three decades ago, are capable Due to the challenges with fuel cells, other improving sustainability in general. We are of being converted to use almost all liquid sources for hydrogen recently have gained working towards a Smart Marine Ecosystem and gaseous fuels, including blends of green attention, such as side streams from the that involves all aspects of the maritime ammonia, hydrogen and methanol. With the chemical industry, or gasification of biomass economy. In a Smart Marine Ecosystem, internal combustion engine, the fuel doesn’t or recovered waste, i.e., plastics. This has ships are technologically smart, using To achieve a sustainable maritime matter because the engine is fuel-flexible. kick-started research into circular economy cloud-based software and digitalisation Fossil LNG is not without its challenges, thinking through which we might well see to minimise the use of energy and reduce however. While it burns cleaner than future business and economic growth. fuel consumption. These vessels travel future, we must act now distillate fuels – burning LNG in a modern Even if renewable energy becomes between smart ports that dynamically combustion engine immediately reduces available with even lower costs, however, manage traffic so that ships no longer need GHG emissions by 7–21% compared to the the production of hydrogen is not the to queue to dock. A connected ecosystem AUTHOR: Reetta Kaila, Technology & Development Manager, Renewable Gases, Wärtsilä Marine Business diesel engine – it also results in small levels biggest challenge to its use as a fuel. Another will see greater cooperation between mail: reetta .kaila@wartsila .com of methane leakage during production and significant challenge is the storage of shippers so that vessels sail with full cargo combustion. hydrogen as fuel. To achieve higher energy loads, thus enabling more cargo to flow BioLNG is, morally speaking, the densities, hydrogen has to be stored as using the optimal number of vessels. correct route to take, since it works on the either compressed gas or as liquid. As a gas, Improving efficiency across the value chain principle of waste-to-energy using manure, it typically requires high-pressure tanks, will certainly reduce waste in day-to-day The journey towards a zero-emissions demand is growing. A growing global will enable a zero-emissions shipping forest residue, and many other types of while storage as a liquid requires cryogenic operations. future in the maritime economy involves population demands more consumables, ecosystem. A combination of energy- waste. A lot of R&D has gone into testing temperatures because the boiling point of But the biggest success in reducing using fuels and technology currently more transport, and more technology, which saving applications, smart propulsion carbon-neutral biofuels. However, the hydrogen at one atmosphere is -253 degrees emissions will involve the fuel mix used available while working to scale other in turn drives energy consumption. To steer technologies, and broader collaboration can critical aspects to consider when selecting Celsius, which adds to the complexity. by engines. The fuel-flexible combustion options. humanity towards a more sustainable future, nudge us significantly closer to achieving a fuel for a new vessel are availability and This challenge makes synthetic fuels engine presents itself as a future-proof we need to find new ways of producing that full decarbonisation. But the single biggest energy density. Biomass-based fuels are that can be considered hydrogen carriers technology that will enable the industry to Thanks to a new, ambitious International energy, moving towards circular economy intervention is fuel choice. only sustainable when local availability of more attractive. Hydrogen can be bound to meet future targets as and when alternative

Maritime Organization (IMO) strategy aimed thinking and the use of sustainable fuels. feedstock is plentiful and guaranteed. Today, CO2 or N2 in the form of CH4 (methane), and renewable fuels become available. What

at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and calls Helping our customers navigate mounting The path to a zero-emissions future the supply chain is unevenly developed, but CH3OH (methanol) or NH3 (ammonia), we really need to see are fiscal policies, from the European Parliament and European pressures to combat rising emissions while For the shipping industry, the path to a the latest studies suggest that a sustainable which makes the transportation, storage and regulatory frameworks and long-term Commission to reduce global emissions from securing sustainable profitability is of zero-emissions future is likely to encompass energy supply could be in place by 2030. It is the conversion of the energy much easier. contracts that encourage expanding capacity shipping, the maritime industry is waking up paramount importance to us at Wärtsilä. the journey from LNG to bioLNG and estimated that biomass-based fuels extracted But these options also have challenges. I investments for biogas and synthetic fuels. to the reality that change is coming. The challenge lies in the fact that the synthetic LNG. While hydrogen, methanol, from forestry products and residues, do not see ammonia as a viable option any We have the technology; the time to act Shipping is a derived demand, and that industry has yet to discover an elixir that and ammonia are potentially viable future agricultural residues, and crops grown for time soon due to low readiness levels, its is now. 46 in detail in detail 47 [ FUTURE / IN DETAIL ] WÄRTSILÄ TECHNICAL JOURNAL 01.2020

]

marine industry in particular, ships are Towards a new cyber culture becoming more reliant on smart, cutting- When Wärtsilä introduced its vision for a edge tech. The IMO has recognised the Smart Marine Ecosystem in 2017, the goal need to make sure these systems are secure was to lead the industry towards a new era with its requirement that all maritime of digitalisation, connectivity, improved administrators appropriately address the efficiencies, and enhanced environmental cyber risk of their safety management performance. Harnessing the power of new systems by January 2021. technologies like AI, Wärtsilä mapped out / IN DETAIL FUTURE [ Operators who use Wärtsilä solutions how waste could be cut and productivity are already ahead of the game, however. boosted, among other things. In December 2019, Wärtsilä’s network Maritime intelligence agency Lloyd’s List architecture for main and auxiliary praised Wärtsilä’s ambition, stating that the machinery, which integrates the company’s company “stands out for going above and Data Collection Unit, was awarded system- beyond short-horizon maritime technology.” level cyber certification by maritime Keeping data safe and secure continues to classification society Lloyd’s Register. be a cornerstone of this vision. However, not It is one of the first certifications of its everyone in the industry has been quite so kind to be awarded globally and helps quick to follow suit. cement Wärtsilä’s reputation as a force “If you’d asked me a year ago if the to be reckoned with in the fight against maritime industry was taking cybersecurity cyberattacks, unauthorised access, or seriously, I would have said no,” says former software failure on ships. naval officer Chronis Kapalidis, a maritime cybersecurity researcher at HudsonAnalytix The convergence of IT and OT and an analyst at Chatham House. Things Jonas Blomqvist, General Manager, Cyber started to improve, he says, following the Security, Wärtsilä Marine Business, says OT IMO’s insistence on cyber-resilience by is being taken more seriously because IT 2021. and OT are steadily converging. Digitisation is now a key issue in the “There is a growing appreciation of the shipping industry, notes Kapalidis. “All interconnected nature of IT and OT, and this newbuilds are based on software that runs has raised the awareness of possible risks that systems within the ship pertaining to safety could be introduced through OT systems and security, and also for monitoring of that are now everywhere in the maritime operations,” he says. “It’s important that industry,” Blomqvist says. “IT security cybersecurity across IT and OT becomes processes and controls have been part of IT part of a new cyber culture. It shouldn’t be systems for many years, and OT had been something that ship owners are requesting thought of as being disconnected from that. and pushing the vendors for – it should Photo: 123RF But that’s just not the case anymore.” be something vendors have in place to Blomqvist points out that the sheer demonstrate their competitive advantage.” quantity of information transmitted from As with turning a container ship, ship to shore has increased dramatically industry-wide change won’t happen in thanks to falling costs for sending and the blink of an eye. Kapalidis says he was When it comes to cybersecurity, it’s storing data in the cloud and an ever- recently in discussions with a large shipping not just IT that needs protecting, but increasing reliance on tech-enabled onboard company that was developing a cyber IT Cybersecurity looks to the cloud operational technology (OT) as well. systems. This data pertains to a multitude policy completely separately to the one A holistic approach to data security of support services that Wärtsilä offers its their OT department was working on. “And to protect data at sea has helped establish Wärtsilä solutions customers, involving everything from route yet there still is only one connection to as among the safest in the business – planning to maintenance. the satellite, only one network in use,” he something that has now been recognised “As we start to talk about autonomy and laments. “There should have been a single, by Lloyd’s Register. unmanned ships and so on, then we have an unified cybersecurity approach.” AUTHOR: Mike Peake ever more important role to play in protecting It is a philosophy that has certainly Until relatively recently, topics relating this data,” says Blomqvist, adding that mesh been embraced by Wärtsilä. As IT and to cybersecurity have been the domain networks and, potentially in the not-too- OT converge, it is those businesses in the of the IT department. Today, however, distant future, long-distance radio traffic maritime industry who take a holistic securing operational technology (OT) networks all bring extra layers of complexity to approach to data security that will help their is becoming critical for business. In the the data mix that need to be handled with care. customers sleep most soundly at night. 48 in detail in detail 49