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Empires in East Asia
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-A Module 3 Empires in East Asia Essential Question In general, was China helpful or harmful to the development of neighboring empires and kingdoms? About the Photo: Angkor Wat was built in In this module you will learn how the cultures of East Asia influenced one the 1100s in the Khmer Empire, in what is another, as belief systems and ideas spread through both peaceful and now Cambodia. This enormous temple was violent means. dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu. Explore ONLINE! SS.912.W.2.19 Describe the impact of Japan’s physiography on its economic and political development. SS.912.W.2.20 Summarize the major cultural, economic, political, and religious developments VIDEOS, including... in medieval Japan. SS.912.W.2.21 Compare Japanese feudalism with Western European feudalism during • A Mongol Empire in China the Middle Ages. SS.912.W.2.22 Describe Japan’s cultural and economic relationship to China and Korea. • Ancient Discoveries: Chinese Warfare SS.912.G.2.1 Identify the physical characteristics and the human characteristics that define and differentiate regions. SS.912.G.4.9 Use political maps to describe the change in boundaries and governments within • Ancient China: Masters of the Wind continents over time. and Waves • Marco Polo: Journey to the East • Rise of the Samurai Class • Lost Spirits of Cambodia • How the Vietnamese Defeated the Mongols Document Based Investigations Graphic Organizers Interactive Games Image with Hotspots: A Mighty Fighting Force Image with Hotspots: Women of the Heian Court 78 Module 3 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-A Timeline of Events 600–1400 Explore ONLINE! East and Southeast Asia World 600 618 Tang Dynasty begins 289-year rule in China. -
Status of Russian Ethnic Minority in Independent Tajikistan
Status of Russian Ethnic Minority in Independent Tajikistan DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of Kashmir in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy (M. Phil) In History By Farooq Ahmad Rather Under the Supervision of Prof. Aijaz A. Bandey CENTRE OF CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES University of Kashmir, Srinagar- 190006 JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA September, 2012 Centre of Central Asian Studies University of Kashmir, Srinagar “A” Grade NAAC Accredited CERTIFICATE Certified that the thesis entitled “Status of Russian Ethnic Minority in Independent Tajikistan” submitted by Farooq Ahmad Rather for the Degree of M. Phil in the discipline of History is an original piece of research work. This work has not been submitted fully or partially so far anywhere for the award of any degree. The scholar worked under my supervision on whole time basis for the period required under statues and has put in the required attendance in the Centre. Prof. Aijaz A. Bandey (Supervisor) Countersigned (Prof. G. R. Jan) Director Declaration I solemnly declare that the Dissertation entitled “Status of Russian Ethnic Minority in Independent Tajikistan” submitted by me in the discipline of History under the supervision of Prof. Aijaz A. Bandey embodies my own contribution. This work, which does not contain piracy, has not been submitted, so far, anywhere for the award of any degree. Dated Signature 5 October 2012 Farooq Ahmad Rather CCAS University of Kashmir, Srinagar CONTENTS Page No. Preface i Chapter-I Introduction 1 -
Per La Filosofia, L'epistemologia, Le Scienze Cogn
Università degli Studi dell’Insubria «Centro Internazionale Insubrico “Carlo Cattaneo” e “Giulio Preti” per la Filosofia, l’Epistemologia, le Scienze cognitive e la Storia della scienza e delle tecniche» Direttore scientifico: prof. Fabio Minazzi Biblioteca Aurelia (Lella) Monti Elenco con numerazione dei 1039 voll. Sezioni LM = logica matematica, filosofia della scienza, epistemologia (206 voll.); C = classici di filosofia (175 voll.); F = filosofia, storia della filosofia (87 voll.); P = pedagogia, psicologia (14 voll.); S = storia, economia, sociologia, diritto (265 voll.); L = letteratura, critica letteraria, teatro (140 voll.); LG = linguistica (14 voll.); A = arte, musica, cinema (17 voll.); E = enciclopedie, dizionari (30 voll.); R = riviste (17 voll.); AT = atti di convegni (6 voll.); Msc = manuali scolastici, testi per la scuola (63 voll.); Misc = miscellanea (5 voll.); Ms = manoscritti, documenti e carte varie. Collocazione Sede del Centro Insubrico “C.Cattaneo e G.Preti” di Villa Toeplitz, II piano. Armadi (1-4) con 5 scaffali l’uno, per es.: 2.4 significa armadio n. 2 scaffale n. 4. LM sta in 2. 2., 2.3, 2.4., 2.5.; P, R, A, AT, Misc in 2.5; C in 3.1, 3.2.; F in 3.3.; Msc in 3.4., E in 3.5; S in 4.1, 4.2, 4.3.; L in 4.4, 4.5; LG in 4.5. LM (logica matematica, filosofia della scienza, epistemologia) 56 1. Aa. Vv., La scienza in tasca. Proposta per una bibliografia di informazione scientifica, a cura della Provincia di Milano, Assessorato alla cultura, Bibliografica, Milano 1982, pp. 306 [a cura di Felice Mondella la sezione: Conoscenza comune, conoscenza scientifica e immagine della natura, pp. -
Historia Del Marxismo: Teorías De La Evolución, Revolución Y Estado
Historia del marxismo: teorías de la evolución, revolución y Estado. La crítica de Marx a sus contemporáneos Darwin, Carlyle, Morgan, Maine y Kovalevsky Historia del marxismo: teorías de la evolución, revolución y Estado. La crítica de Marx a sus contemporáneos Darwin, Carlyle, Morgan, Maine y Kovalevsky Lawrence Krader 3 335.4 K73 Krader, Lawrence Historia del marxismo: teorías de la evolución, revolución y estado. La crítica de Marx a sus contemporáneos Darwin, Carlyle, Morgan, Maine y Kovalevsky / Lawrence Krader.-- 1a. Ed.-- Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas: UNICACH, 2016. 54 P. ; 21.5X17cms. ISBN: 978-607-8410-74-3 1. historia - Crítica e interpretación. 2. Estado - sociedad. 3. Economía marxista. Colección , número 3 Primera edición: 2016 D.R. © UNIVERSIDAD DE CIENCIAS Y ARTES DE CHIAPAS 1a Av. Sur Poniente 1460, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México www.unicach.mx CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE MÉXICO Y CENTROAMÉRICA Calle Bugambilia 30, fracc. La Buena Esperanza, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México Tel. y Fax: 01 (967) 678 69 21 www.cesmeca.unicach.mx ISBN: 978-607-8410-74-3 Impreso en México Traducción del original en inglés: Víctor Manuel Esponda Jimeno Imagen de portada: Emmanuel Malerva González Diseño de portada: Irma Cecilia Medina Villafuerte Corrección de estilo: Roberto Rico Chong y María Isabel Rodríguez Ramos Este libro ha sido publicado con el permiso de Lawrence Krader Reserch Project, institución dependiente de la Universidad McMaster en Hamilton, Ontario, Canadá. Índice Prólogo de Andrés Fábregas Puig y Víctor Manuel Esponda Jimeno 7 Historia del marxismo: teorías de la evolución, revolución y Estado. La crítica de Marx a sus contemporáneos Darwin, Carlyle, Morgan, Maine y Kovalevsky 13 1. -
Western Mongolia
© Lonely Planet Publications 219 WESTERN MONGOLIA Western Mongolia With its raw deserts, glacier-wrapped mountains, shimmering salt lakes and hardy culture of nomads, falconry and cattle rustling, western Mongolia is a timeless place that fulfils many romantic notions of the classic ‘Central Asia’. Squeezed between Russia, Kazakhstan, China and the Mongol heartland, this region has been a historical transition zone of endless cultures, the legacy of which is a patchwork of peoples including ethnic Kazakhs, Dorvods, Khotons, Myangads and Khalkh Mongols. The Mongol Altai Nuruu forms the backbone of the region, a rugged mountain range that creates a natural border with both Russia and China. It contains many challenging and popular peaks for mountain climbers, some over 4000m, and is the source of fast-flowing rivers, most of which empty into desert lakes and saltpans. The region’s wild landscape and unique mix of cultures is known among adventure travel- lers and a small tourist infrastructure has been created to support them. Bayan-Ölgii leads the pack with its own clique of tour operators and drivers prepared to shuttle visitors to the mountains. But while aimag capitals are tepidly entering the 21st century, most of the region remains stuck in another age – infrastructure is poor and old-style communist think- ing is the norm among local officials. Despite the hardships, western Mongolia’s attractions, both natural and cultural, are well worth the effort. With time and flexibility, the region may well be the highlight of your trip. HIGHLIGHTS -
Language Management in the People's Republic of China
LANGUAGE AND PUBLIC POLICY Language management in the People’s Republic of China Bernard Spolsky Bar-Ilan University Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, language management has been a central activity of the party and government, interrupted during the years of the Cultural Revolution. It has focused on the spread of Putonghua as a national language, the simplification of the script, and the auxiliary use of Pinyin. Associated has been a policy of modernization and ter - minological development. There have been studies of bilingualism and topolects (regional vari - eties like Cantonese and Hokkien) and some recognition and varied implementation of the needs of non -Han minority languages and dialects, including script development and modernization. As - serting the status of Chinese in a globalizing world, a major campaign of language diffusion has led to the establishment of Confucius Institutes all over the world. Within China, there have been significant efforts in foreign language education, at first stressing Russian but now covering a wide range of languages, though with a growing emphasis on English. Despite the size of the country, the complexity of its language situations, and the tension between competing goals, there has been progress with these language -management tasks. At the same time, nonlinguistic forces have shown even more substantial results. Computers are adding to the challenge of maintaining even the simplified character writing system. As even more striking evidence of the effect of poli - tics and demography on language policy, the enormous internal rural -to -urban rate of migration promises to have more influence on weakening regional and minority varieties than campaigns to spread Putonghua. -
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Globalization ’s Impact on Mongolian Identity Issues and the Image of Chinggis Khan Alicia J. Campi PART I: The Mongols, this previously unheard-of nation that unexpectedly emerged to terrorize the whole world for two hundred years, disappeared again into obscurity with the advent of firearms. Even so, the name Mongol became one forever familiar to humankind, and the entire stretch of the thirteenth through the fifteenth centuries has come to be known as the Mongol era.' PART II; The historic science was the science, which has been badly affect ed, and the people of Mongolia bid farewell to their history and learned by heart the bistort' with distortion but fuU of ideolog}'. Because of this, the Mong olians started to forget their religious rituals, customs and traditions and the pa triotic feelings of Mongolians turned to the side of perishing as the internation alism was put above aU.^ PART III: For decades, Mongolia had subordinated national identity to So viet priorities __Now, they were set adrift in a sea of uncertainty, and Mongol ians were determined to define themselves as a nation and as a people. The new freedom was an opportunity as well as a crisis." As the three above quotations indicate, identity issues for the Mongolian peoples have always been complicated. In our increas ingly interconnected, media-driven world culture, nations with Baabar, Histoij of Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar: Monsudar Publishing, 1999), 4. 2 “The Political Report of the First Congress of the Mongolian Social-Demo cratic Party” (March 31, 1990), 14. " Tsedendamdyn Batbayar, Mongolia’s Foreign Folicy in the 1990s: New Identity and New Challenges (Ulaanbaatar: Institute for Strategic Studies, 2002), 8. -
Asian Literature and Translation Yeke Caaji, the Mongol-Oyirod Great
Asian Literature and Translation ISSN 2051-5863 https://doi.org/10.18573/alt.38 Vol 5, No. 1, 2018, 267-330 Yeke Caaji, the Mongol-Oyirod Great Code of 1640: Innovation in Eurasian State Formation Richard Taupier Date Accepted: 1/3/2018 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC-ND) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ©Richard Taupier Asian Literature and Translation Vol. 5 No. 1 2018 267-330 Yeke Caaji: The Mongol-Oyirod Great Code of 1640: Innovation in Eurasian State Formation Richard Taupier Introduction In the year 1640 an assembly (kuriltai) of Mongol and Oyirod1 nobles gathered to discuss and approve a code of law intended to govern relationships among them and to regulate the behavior of their subjects. While the resulting document is reasonably well known among scholars of Central Asia, it is the position of this work that its purpose has been largely misunderstood and that modern descriptions of early seventeenth century Oyirod history are confused and incomplete. This current work endeavors to establish a better understanding of the motivations behind the Great Code of 1640 and what the participants hoped to gain by its adoption. It does so through a close examination of the text itself and other original Oyirod sources and an analysis of competing secondary narratives. This creates the opportunity to reconsider the document from new and more carefully articulated perspectives. The result is an appreciation of the Great Code as an important document in Mongolian history. Through this perspective we can see the document as a sign of waning Chinggisid authority and recognition that innovation in state formation was needed to enable the continued existence of the Mongol and Oyirod states. -
A Complete Bibliography of Publications in Isis, 1970–1979
A Complete Bibliography of Publications in Isis, 1970{1979 Nelson H. F. Beebe University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Tel: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Internet) WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ 26 February 2019 Version 0.14 Title word cross-reference ⊃ [521]. 1 [511]. 1050 [362]. 10th [521]. 11th [1186, 521]. 125th [737]. 1350 [1250]. 1485 [566]. 14th [1409]. 1524 [1554]. 1528 [1484]. 1537 [660]. 1561 [794]. 15th [245]. 1600 [983, 1526, 261]. 1617 [528]. 1632 [805]. 1643 [1058]. 1645 [1776]. 1650 [864]. 1660 [1361]. 1671 [372]. 1672 [1654]. 1674 [1654]. 1675 [88]. 1680 [889]. 1687 [1147]. 1691 [1148]. 1692 [888, 371]. 1695 [296]. 16th [1823]. 1700 [864]. 1700-talets [890]. 1704 [476]. 1708 [265]. 1713 [1415]. 1733 [756]. 1741 [1494]. 1751 [1197]. 1760 [1258]. 1774 [1558]. 1777 [1909, 572]. 1780 [314, 663]. 1792 [269]. 1794 [266]. 1796 [1195, 840]. 1799 [128]. 1799/1804 [128]. 17th [1256, 623, 1813]. 1800 [1641, 100, 1343, 1044, 1655, 248, 1331]. 1802 [127, 437]. 1803 [405, 1778]. 1804 [128]. 1807 [625]. 1814 [668]. 1815 [1777]. 1820 [1660]. 1826 [1857]. 1832 [668]. 1841 [1362]. 1844 [1913, 946]. 1848 [1708]. 185 [1327]. 1850 [1230, 1391]. 1855 [442]. 1860 [301, 1232, 1917, 1367]. 1865 [445, 1263]. 1 2 1866 [253, 71]. 1868 [1019]. 1870's [674]. 1875 [1364]. 1878 [25]. 1880 [1427, 807, 1894]. 1882 [381]. 1889 [1428]. 1893 [1588]. 1894 [1921]. 1895 [896]. -
Promoting Dryland Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity Conservation in the Eastern Steppe of Mongolia” Project
Environmental and Social Management Framework for “Promoting Dryland Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity Conservation in The Eastern Steppe of Mongolia” Project ULAANBAATAR 2020 Required citation: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), World Wildlife Fund (WWF). 2020. Environmental and Social Management Framework for “Promoting Dryland Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity Conservation in The Eastern Steppe of Mongolia” Project. Ulaanbaatar. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. © FAO, WWF, 2020 Some rights reserved. This worK is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAliKe 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this worK may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this worK, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. -
Chapter 4: China in the Middle Ages
The Middle Ages Each civilization that you will study in this unit made important contributions to history. • The Chinese first produced gunpowder, the compass, and printed books. • The Japanese developed a constitutional government and new forms of art and poetry. • The Europeans took the first steps toward representative government. A..D.. 300300 A..D 450 A..D 600 A..D 750 A..DD 900 China in the c. A.D. 590 A.D.683 Middle Ages Chinese Middle Ages figurines Grand Empress Wu Canal links begins rule Ch 4 apter northern and southern China Medieval c. A.D. 400 A.D.631 Horyuji JapanJapan Yamato clan Prince Shotoku temple Chapter 5 controls writes constitution Japan Medieval A.D. 496 A.D. 800 Europe King Clovis Pope crowns becomes a Charlemagne Ch 6 apter Catholic emperor Statue of Charlemagne Medieval manuscript on horseback 244 (tl)The British Museum/Topham-HIP/The Image Works, (c)Angelo Hornak/CORBIS, (bl)Ronald Sheridan/Ancient Art & Architecture Collection, (br)Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY 0 60E 120E 180E tecture Collection, (bl)Ron tecture Chapter Chapter 6 Chapter 60N 6 4 5 0 1,000 mi. 0 1,000 km Mercator projection EUROPE Caspian Sea ASIA Black Sea e H T g N i an g Hu JAPAN r i Eu s Ind p R Persian u h . s CHINA r R WE a t Gulf . e PACIFIC s ng R ha Jiang . C OCEAN S le i South N Arabian Bay of China Red Sea Bengal Sea Sea EQUATOR 0 Chapter 4 ATLANTIC Chapter 5 OCEAN INDIAN Chapter 6 OCEAN Dahlquist/SuperStock, (br)akg-images (tl)Aldona Sabalis/Photo Researchers, (tc)National Museum of Taipei, (tr)Werner Forman/Art Resource, NY, (c)Ancient Art & Archi NY, Forman/Art Resource, (tr)Werner (tc)National Museum of Taipei, (tl)Aldona Sabalis/Photo Researchers, A..D 1050 A..D 1200 A..D 1350 A..D 1500 c. -
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I HISTORICAL PROLOGUE The Land and the People Demchugdongrob, commonly known as De Wang (Prince De in Chinese), was a thirty-first generation descendant of Chinggis Khan and the last ruler of Mongolia from the altan urag, the Golden Clan of the Chinggisids. The only son of Prince Namjilwang- chug, Demchugdongrob was bom in the Sunid Right Banner of Inner Mongolia in 1902 and died in Hohhot, the capital of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, in 1966. The Sunid was one of the tribes that initially supported Chinggis Khan (r. 1206- 1227). In the sixteenth century, Dayan Khan reunified Mongolia and put this tribe under the control of his eldest son, Torubolod. Thereafter, the descendants of Torubolod be came the rulers not only of the Sunid but also of the Chahar (Chakhar), Ujumuchin, and Khauchid tribes. The Chahar tribe was always under the direct control of the khan him self During the Manchu domination, the Sunid was divided into the Right Flank and Left Flank Banners, and both were part of the group of banners placed under the Shilingol League. During the first half of the seventeenth century, the Manchus expanded to the southern parts of Manchuria and began to compete with the Ming Chinese. Realizing the danger in the rise of the Manchus, Ligdan Khan, the last Mongolian Grand Khan, aban doned his people ’s traditional hostility toward the Chinese and formed an alliance with the Ming court to fight the Manchus. Although this policy was prudent, it was unaccept able to most Mongolian tribal leaders, who subsequently rebelled and joined the Manchu camp.