Altringham, J. D. 2011. Bats: From evolution to conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Barataud, M. 2015. Acoustic ecology of European bats. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Dietz, C., von Helversen, O. & Nill, D. 2009. Bats of Britain, Europe & North- west Africa. A & C Black Publishers, London. Dietz, C. & Kiefer, A. 2016. Bats of Britain and Europe. Bloomsbury, London. Fenton, M. B. & Simmons N. B. 2014. Bats—A world of mystery and science. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Griffin, D. R. 1958. Listening in the dark. Yale University Press, New Haven. Gunnell, G. F. & Simmons, N. B. 2012. Evolutionary history of bats—Fossils, molecules and morphology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Kunz T. H. & Fenton M. B. 2003. Bat ecology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Middleton, N. Froud, A. & French, K. 2014. Social calls of the bats of Britain and Ireland. Pelagic Publishing, Exeter, U. K. Russ, J. 2012. British bat calls—A guide to species identification. Pelagic Publishing, Exeter, U. K. Rich, C. & Longcore, T. 2007. Ecological consequences of artificial night lighting. Island Press, New York. Thomas, J. A., Moss, C. F. & Vater, M. 2004. Echolocation in bats and dolphins. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Voigt, C. C. & Kingston, T. (eds) 2016. Bats in the anthropocene. Springer- Verlag, Berlin. www.africanbatconversation.org – African Bat Conservation www.batcon.org – BCI, Bat Conservation International, USA www.bats.org.uk – Bat Conservation Trust, U. K. www.eurobats.org – EUROBATS

172 Kuhl’s pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhlii, Italy. thanks

Friends and colleagues in many countries have provided invitations, help and advice, logistic support, and permissions, as well as access to their study colonies in caves and houses. Without this backup, almost nothing of this project could have been achieved. We would like to express our sincere thanks to Damian Milne and Thomas Madsen (Australia), Luisa Rodrigues, Hugo Rebelo, Helena Santos, Pedro Alves, Bruno Silva and Silvia Pereira Barreiro (Portugal), Ernst Herman Solmsen (Costa Rica), Brock Fenton and his colleagues and students and the personnel at Lamanai Outpost Lodge (Belize), Eran Amichai, Arjan Boonman, Ivo Borissov, Ofri Eitan, Yossi Yovel, Carmi Korine and their students (Israel), Simon Musila, Paul Webala, Aziza Zuhura, Robert Syingi, Mike Bartonjo, Beryl Makori, Simon Masika (Kenya), Tomasz Kokurewicz and his team of students (Poland), Gunars Petersons, Jurgis Suba, Alda Stepanova, Viesturs Vintulis, Ilze Brila (Latvia), Raphaël Arlettaz (Switzerland), Chen-Han Chou, Heng-Chia Chang, Hsi-Chi Chen, Hong-Chang Chen, Kuang-Lung Huang, Hsue-Chen Chen (Taiwan), Antonio Guillén-Servant and his students, Anglelica Menchaca, Rodrigo Medellin and his students (Mexico), Javier Juste, Carlos Ibañez, Sonia Sánchez Navarro, Juan Quetglas, Domingo Trujillo, Rubén Barone (Spain), Bert Wiklund, Anita and Lee Hildsgaard Rom (Denmark), Jeroen van der Kooij, Keith Redford, Kristoffer Böhn (Norway), Matti Masing (Estonia), Danilo Russo and his students (Italy), Gareth Jones, Roger Ransome and the staff in Hereford Cathedral (England), Sara Bumrungsri, Tuanjit Sritongchuay, Kanuengnit Wayo, and C. E. Nuevo Diego (Thailand). For logistical support during photography at home (Sweden), we like to thank Björn Arkenfall, Maria Bajuk, Ingemar Beiron, Sven Frändås, Magnus Gelang, Ingvar Hermansson, Thomas Persson, Lars-Eric Roxin, and Ola Rydell and for the help with things other than photography also Anders Blomdahl, Katharina Dittmar de la Cruz, Erika Dahlberg, Torbjörn Ebenhard (Uppsala University), Bengt Edqvist (Department of Dialectology, Onomastics and Folklore Research, Göteborg), Jenny Eklöf, Anders Hedenström (Lund University), Olof Helje, Henryk Hörner (Kleva mine), Espen Jensen, Catarina Krång (Wildlife Rehab Centre Stockholm), Sabine Lind and Hans Fransson (Taberg mine), Magnus Lindqvist (Tropikariet Helsingborg), Stefan Nyman, Björn Olsen, Stefan Petters- son, Charlotte Wedelsbäck and her family, Jan Westin (Universeum Göteborg), and Claes Wistberg. Last but not least, a big thanks to all owners of houses, castles, mills, barns, cellars, ruins, wells, gardens, and many other places where we have been allowed to work in Sweden as well as abroad.

173 Desert pipistrelle Hypsugo ariel, Israel. Species Photo Index

Emballonuridae (Sheath-tailed bats) Miniopterus natalensis (Natal bent-winged bat), 139 Desmodus rotundus (Common vampire), 25, 67 Balantiopteryx plicata (Gray sac-winged bat), 123 Miniopterus schreibersii (Schreiber’s bent-winged bat), 12 Diphylla ecaudata (Hairy-legged vampire), 12 Coleura afra (African sheath-tailed bat), 115, Miniopterus sp. (“Bent-winged bat”), 104, 139 Ectophylla alba (Honduran white bat), 33 132, 145, 150 Glossophaga soricina (Pallas’s long-tongued Peropteryx kappleri (Greater dog-like bat), 139 Molossidae (Free-tailed bats) bat), 70, 127 Rhynchonycteris naso (Proboscis bat), 82 Chaerephon pumilus (Little free-tailed bat), 12 Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Lesser long-nosed Saccopteryx bilineata (Greater sac-winged bat), 92, 93 Eumops auripendulus (Black bonneted bat), 28 bat), 140, 141 Taphozous georgianus (Common sheath-tailed bat), 85 Molossus ater (Black mastiff bat), 40 Mimon cotzumelae (Cotzumelan golden bat), 26 Taphozous hildegardeae (Hildegarde’s tomb bat), 25, 30 Trachops cirrhosus (Fringe-lipped bat), 50 Taphozous mauritianus (Mauritian tomb bat), 26 Mormoopidae (Leaf-chinned bats) Taphozous melanopogon (Black-bearded tomb bat), 148 Mormoops megalophylla (Ghost-faced bat), 26, 107, 146 Pteropodidae (Flying foxes) Taphozous perforatus (Egyptian tomb bat), 11, 22 Pteronotus davyii (Davy’s naked-backed bat), 107, 157 Cynopterus brachyotis (Short-nosed fruit-bat), 164 Pteronotus personatus (Wagner’s leaf-chinned bat), 13, Eidolon helvum (Straw-coloured fruit-bat), 23, 167 Hipposideridae (Roundleaf bats) 59, 107 Epomophorus labiatus (Ethiopian epauletted Asellia tridens (Trident-nosed bat), 6 fruit-bat), 11 Coelops frithii (Tail-less roundleaf bat), 29 Natalidae (Funnel-eared bats) Macroglossus minimus (Lesser long-tongued Hipposideros caffer (Sundevall’s roundleaf bat), 35, 136 Natalus mexicanus (Mexican greater funnel-eared bat), nectar-bat), 72, 162 Hipposideros diadema (Diadem roundleaf bat), 112 12 Micropteropus pusillus (Peter’s dwarf epauletted Hipposideros larvatus (Intermediate roundleaf bat), 47 fruit-bat), 27 Hipposideros ruber (Noack’s roundleaf bat), 11, 30 Noctilionidae (Fishing bats) Pteropus alecto (Black flying fox),69 Hipposideros terasensis (Formosan roundleaf bat), 16, 105 Noctilio leporinus (Great fishing bat),27 , 59 Pteropus scapulatus (Little red flying fox),68 , 69 Hipposideros vittatus (Striped roundleaf bat), 62 Rousettus aegyptiacus (Egyptian fruit-bat), 45, 116 Triaenops afer (African trident-nosed bat), 28 Nycteridae (Slit-faced bats) Nycteris arge (Bate´s slit-faced bat), 163 Rhinolophidae (Horseshoe bats) Megadermatidae (False vampire bats) Nycteris aurita (Andersen’s slit-faced bat), 28 Rhinolophus affinis (Intermediate horseshoe bat), 47 28 125 Cardioderma cor (Heart-nosed bat), , Nycteris thebaica (Cape long-eared bat), 41, 171 Rhinolophus clivosus (Arabian horseshoe bat), 168 91 Lavia frons (Yellow-winged bat), Rhinolophus eloquens (Eloquent horseshoe bat), 45 Phyllostomidae (Leaf-nosed bats) Rhinolophus euryale (Mediterranean horseshoe bat), 139 Miniopteridae (Bent-winged bats) Artibeus lituratus (Great fruit-eating bat), 11 Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Greater horseshoe bat), 19, 89 Miniopterus africanus (African bent-winged bat), 57 Carollia perspicillata (Seba’s short-tailed bat), 71 Rhinolophus hipposideros (Lesser horseshoe bat), 80 Miniopterus fuliginosus (Eastern bent-winged bat), 31 Carollia sarelli (Silky short-tailed bat), 26 Rhinolophus mehelyi (Mehely’s horseshoe bat), 13 Miniopterus inflatus (Greater bent-winged bat), 170 Chrotopterus auritus (Woolly false vampire bat), 64 Rhinolophus monoceros (Formosan lesser Miniopterus minor (Least bent-winged bat), 57 Dermanura watsoni (Thomas’s fruit-eating bat), 130 horseshoe bat), 31

174 Rhinopomatidae (Mouse-tailed bats) Murina recondita (Faint-golden little Pipistrellus abramus (Japanese pipistrelle), 166 Rhinopoma hardwickii (Lesser mouse-tailed bat), 117 tube-nosed bat), 27 Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl’s pipistrelle), 172 Rhinopoma microphyllum (Greater mouse-tailed bat), 13, Myotis brandtii (Brandt’s bat), 65, 90, 122 Pipistrellus nathusii (Nathusius’ pipistrelle), 109 25, 135, 169 Myotis dasycneme (Pond bat), 87, 102, 124 Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Soprano pipistrelle), 98, 126 Myotis daubentonii (Daubenton’s bat), 22, 32, 43, 48, Pipistrellus rueppelli (Rüppell’s pipistrelle), 13 Vespertilionidae (Vesper bats) 96, 101, 121, 138 Plecotus auritus (Brown long-eared bat), 34, 63, 79, 96, Barbastella barbastellus (Western barbastelle), Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy’s bat), 89 103, 159, 165 41, 120 Myotis formosus flavus (Hodgson’s myotis), 166 Plecotus teneriffae (Canary long-eared bat), 17 Barbastella barbastellus guanchae Myotis macropus (Large-footed myotis), 58 Rhogeessa tumida (Black-winged little yellow bat), 40 (Canary barbastelle), 17 Myotis myotis (Greater mouse-eared bat), 27, 118, 119 Scotoecus hirundo (Dark-winged lesser house bat), 14 Eptesicus nilssonii (Northern bat), 25, 76, 143 Myotis mystacinus (Whiskered bat), 15 Scotophilus leucogaster (White-bellied house bat), 14 Eptesicus serotinus (Serotine), 158, 160 Myotis nattereri (Natterer’s bat), 152 Scotophilus sp. (“Yellow house bat”), 14 Hypsugo ariel (Desert pipistrelle), 173 Nyctalus lasiopterus (Greater noctule), 49, 66 Vespadelus caurinus (Northern cave bat), 20 Lasiurus cinereus (Hoary bat), 129 Nyctalus leisleri (Lesser noctule), 61 Vespertilio murinus (Parti-coloured bat), 84, 94, 108

175 Johan eklöf received a Ph.D. in zoology at Göteborg University Jens Rydell received a Ph.D. in ecology at Lund University in in 2003. He is now a zoologist and copywriter, working with bat 1990. He is a Swedish scientist and nature photographer, working surveys, conservation biology, research, and scientific communica- with bat ecology and conservation at Lund University. Jens is the tion. He has written fictional as well as non-fictional books on bats, author of many scientific papers on bats and insects, recently with animal evolution, and life in general. He travels throughout Sweden, focus on the effects of wind power and artificial lighting on bats. He not just in search of bats but also to learn more about folklore and bat was awarded the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences conservation myths. In 2016, he received a scholarship from the Swedish Writers’ prize 2017 and in the same year he reached the final in the Wildlife Union to explore the field of bat mythology. Photographer of the Year competition in the UK.

Johan and Jens have worked together with bats for more than 20 years. Both live near Göteborg, Sweden, but the bats take them all over the country and sometimes to other corners of the world as well.