Free PDF Version the AMBUSHED GRAND JURY

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Free PDF Version the AMBUSHED GRAND JURY 00 Ambsh'd FM i-xiv 2/2/04 2:19 PM Page i What do you do when there’s no justice at the Justice Department? A True Story 00 Ambsh'd FM i-xiv 2/2/04 2:19 PM Page ii 00 Ambsh'd FM i-xiv 2/2/04 2:19 PM Page iii 1612 K Street, N.W. Suite 400 Washington, D.C. 20006 October 24, 2001 United States Congress Washington, DC Open Letter to the U.S. Congress, I am an FBI agent. My superiors have ordered me to lie about a criminal investigation I headed in 1989. We were investigating the US Department of Energy, but the US Justice Department covered up the truth. I have refused to follow the orders to lie about what really happened during that criminal investigation of Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant. Instead, I have told the author of this book the truth. Her promise to me if I told her what really happened was that she would put it in a book to tell Congress and the American people. Some dangerous decisions are now being made based on that government cover-up. Please read this book. I believe you know what needs to happen. Respectfully, Jon Lipsky The Ambushed Grand Jury The Ambushed Grand Jury is a non-fiction and non-profit book first published in March 2004. This PDF is a free electronic version of the 2004 publication with three (3) extra pictures. The Ambushed Grand Jury is available on Amazon in Kindle format and your purchase supports nuclear safety organizations. Also, The Ambushed Grand Jury, in softcover, is available at www.rockyflatsambushedgrandjury.com. $6.65 covers shipping and handling. The web site at www.rockyflatsambushedgrandjury.com is your online resource for additional information. The Ambushed Grand Jury includes Endnotes. However, www.rockyflatsambushedgrandjury.com includes copies of source documents, important media and up to date events. The video short The Ambushed Grand Jury is available at https://rockyflatsambushedgrandjury.com/rocky-flats/. Reference materials used in the book, obtained through the U.S. Congress, Freedom of Information Act, and other sources, is available at https://rockyflatsambushedgrandjury.com/reference-materials/. A ‘What’s Happening’ page of recent events is available at https://rockyflatsambushedgrandjury.com/whats-happening/. Rocky Flats – Safety Concerns, documented by Rocky Flats Nuclear Workers is at https://rockyflatsambushedgrandjury.com/category/saftey-concerns/. Your comments and questions are important to us and you can Contact Us at https://rockyflatsambushedgrandjury.com/pages/contact-us/. 00 Ambsh'd FM i-xiv 2/2/04 2:19 PM Page v The Ambushed Grand Jury ——————————— How the Justice Department Covered Up Government Nuclear Crimes And How We Caught Them Red Handed by Wes McKinley and Caron Balkany, Esq. Mf , The Apex Press New York 00 Ambsh'd FM i-xiv copy 2/12/04 8:13 AM Page vi Copyright © 2004 Eco-Ed all rights reserved The authors are donating all of their profits from the sale of this book to anti-nuclear groups around the country. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McKinley, Wes. The ambushed grand jury: how the Justice Department covered up government nuclear crime: and how we caught them red handed / by Wes McKinley and Caron Balkany. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-891843-29-X (alk. paper) — ISBN 1-891843-28-1 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Offenses against the environment—Colorado—Golden. 2. Rocky Flats Plant (U.S.)— Management—Corrupt practices—Colarado—Golden. 3. Rockwell International. Rocky Flats Plant—Corrupt practices. 4. United States. Dept. of Energy. 5. Rockwell International—Trials, litigation, etc. 6. United States. Dept. of Justice—Corrupt practices. 7. Justice, Administration of—Corrupt practices—United States. 8. Corruption investigation— United States—Citizen participation. 9. Radioactive waste disposal—Colorado. 10. McKinley, Wes. I. Balkany, Caron. II Title. HV6404.C6M35 2004 364.1’42—dc22 2004041051 Published by The Apex Press, an imprint of the Council on International and Public Affairs, located at 777 United Nations Plaza, Suite 3-C New York, NY 10017 Its publications office may be reached at (800) 316-APEX (2739) P.O. Box 337, Croton-on-Hudson, NY 10520 e-mail: [email protected]. website: www.cipa-apex.org. Text design and production by Jim Mafchir, Western Edge Press Cover design by BoulderBookworks Back cover photo of Wes McKinley courtesy of Daily Camera Printed in the United States of America by Capital City Press Montpelier, Vermont 00 Ambsh'd FM i-xiv 2/2/04 2:19 PM Page vii Table of Contents An open letter to the United States Congress iii Foreword by John Nichols ix A Note to Our Readers xi Part One “Operation Desert Glow” Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant Golden, Colorado, 1989-1992 ONE The FBI Raids Rocky Flats, June 6th, 1989 3 TWO The Whistleblower, June 15th, 1989 19 THREE The Grand Jury, August 1st, 1989 31 FOUR The Justice Department Ends the Grand Jury Investigation, March 26th, 1992 45 Part Two The Citizens’ Investigation Begins, 1997 FIVE The Cowboy Gets Legal Counsel, 1997 71 SIX Citizens’ Investigation Analysis: How the Justice Department Stonewalled Congress, 1992 93 SEVEN Citizens’ Investigation Analysis: Wes McKinley’s Congressional Campaign, 1996 99 00 Ambsh'd FM i-xiv 2/2/04 2:19 PM Page viii EIGHT The Citizens’ Investigation Continues—Some Small Successes, 1997-2000 109 NINE Flashbacks from Wes’ Journals: Inside the Grand Jury Chambers, 1989-1992 139 TEN The Citizens’ Investigation Continues, 2001 157 ELEVEN Jacque Brever, 2001 165 TWELVE Special Agent Jon Lipsky, 2001 177 THIRTEEN We Prove the Justice Department Cover-Up. Now What? 207 Updating Our Story 229 Afterword by Arjun Makhijani 231 Appendix: Who’s Who and Timeline 236 Acknowledgements 242 Bibliography and Endnotes 243 Citizens’ Grand Jury Indictment 281 00 Ambsh'd FM i-xiv 2/2/04 2:19 PM Page ix Foreword by John Nichols Author of The Milagro Beanfield War, The Sterile Cuckoo, and other literary works The Ambushed Grand Jury is a fascinating, scary, very important story. In an age of increasing environmental collapse and “terrorist” dan- ger, our government’s careless and illegal actions at the Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant outside Denver should prompt all of us to become activists on behalf of our own future. This book is a chilling account of nuclear danger perpetrated by the United States against the United States. As foreman of the Grand Jury that investigated nuclear crimes at Rocky Flats, Wes McKinley is a truly courageous American, and a fab- ulous character. The whistleblower, the FBI agent, and the lawyer who joined Wes in the drawn-out Citizens’ Investigation of Rocky Flats, at clear danger to their own lives and livelihoods, deserve the Medal of Honor for their refusal to back down. When everyday common citizens have the guts to stand up against the monolith, at great risk to themselves, the rest of us need to listen. Their perseverance is remarkable. In lucid exciting prose, The Ambushed Grand Jury unweaves a tangled web, giving us extraordi- nary insight into the Chinese puzzle of nuclear weapons development, nuclear waste disposal, and our government’s complete disregard for the well-being of its citizens. More to the point, the book itself is a true act of hope in a cynical universe. Whoever dreams of a better earth should take this story to heart. In such dangerous times, we all need to become activists, and here is a blueprint to get us started. I predict that someday, The Ambushed Grand Jury might become a film to join the ranks of movies like The China Syndrome, Norma Rae, A Civil Action, Silkwood, and Erin Brockovich. It is that engaging and inspiring. ix The Ambushed Grand Jury Citizens Investigation Team L to R: Wes McKinley (former Rocky Flats Grand Jury Foreman); Jacque Breyer (former plutonium worker and whistleblower who helped the FBI uncover environmental crimes at Rocky Flats); Caron Balkany (attorney and author of The Ambushed Grand Jury with McKinley); Jon Lipsky (former FBI Special Agent who led the FBI investigation of Rocky Flats). Photo courtesy of anonymous, April 2004. Dedicated to the Memory of Jacque Breyer (1957-2015) Jacque is shown here two years before her death after being intentionally contaminated with plutonium for blowing the whistle on environmental crimes at Rocky Flats and testifying before the Rocky Flats Special Federal Grand Jury. She had lost over six inches in height and spent her last years in constant pain, but still fighting to uncover the cover-up at Rocky Flats. L to R: Wes McKinley, Jacque Breyer, Jon Lipsky (and Jacque's husband Skip in background) Photo courtesy of Rachel Lipsky Carr, November 2013. 00 Ambsh'd FM i-xiv 2/2/04 2:19 PM Page xi A Note to Our Readers, whom we call on to act as a Citizens’ Grand Jury In this book, you, the readers, will receive evidence showing how the US government and its defense contractors covered up danger- ous environmental crimes at Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant, suppressed the indictments demanded by a federal grand jury, and threatened those jurors with jail if they spoke out; so that now, you as Citizen Grand Jurors can consider all the facts and render your own decision in the court of public opinion and before the Congress of the United States of America. A Lawyer’s Opening Statement Members of this Citizens’ Grand Jury: This is an opening statement, what lawyers call their roadmap. An opportunity for us, a group of outraged fellow Americans, to tell you a lit- tle bit about what the evidence in this Citizens’ Grand Jury Investigation is going to show.
Recommended publications
  • Document Number Document Title Authors, Compilers, Or Editors Date
    Authors, Compilers, or Date (M/D/Y), Location, Site, or Format/Copy/C Ensure Index # Document Number Document Title Status Markings Keywords Notes Editors (M/Y) or (Y) Company ondition Availability Codes: N=ORNL/NCS; Y=NTIS/ OSTI, J‐ 5700= Johnson Collection‐ ORNL‐Bldg‐ 5700; T‐ CSIRC= ORNL/ Nuclear Criticality Safety Thomas Group,865‐574‐1931; NTIS/OSTI is the Collection, DOE Information LANL/CSIRC. Bridge:http://www.osti.gov/bridge/ J. W. Morfitt, R. L. Murray, Secret, declassified computational method/data report, original, Early hand calculation methods to 1 A‐7.390.22 Critical Conditions in Cylindrical Vessels G. W. Schmidt 01/28/1947 Y‐12 12/12/1956 (1) good N estimate process limits for HEU solution Use of early hand calculation methods to Calculation of Critical Conditions for Uranyl Secret, declassified computational method/data report, original, predict critical conditions. Done to assist 2 A‐7.390.25 Fluoride Solutions R. L. Murray 03/05/1947 Y‐12 11/18/1957 (1), experiment plan/design good N design of K‐343 solution experiments. Fabrication of Zero Power Reactor Fuel Elements CSIRC/Electroni T‐CSIRC, Vol‐ Early work with U‐233, Available through 3 A‐2489 Containing 233U3O8 Powder 4/1/44 ORNL Unknown U‐233 Fabrication c 3B CSIRC/Thomas CD Vol 3B Contains plans for solution preparation, Outline of Experiments for the Determination of experiment apparatus, and experiment the Critical Mass of Uranium in Aqueous C. Beck, A. D. Callihan, R. Secret, declassified report, original, facility. Potentially useful for 4 A‐3683 Solutions of UO2F2 L. Murray 01/20/1947 ORNL 10/25/1957 experiment plan/design good Y benchmarking of K‐343 experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • ROCKY FLA TS PLANT HAER No
    ROCKY FLA TS PLANT HAER No. C0-83 (Environmental Technology Site) Bounded by Indiana St. & Rts. 93, 128 & 72 Golden vicinity Jefferson County Colorado PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA REDUCED COPIES OF MEASURED DRAWINGS HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD INTERMOUNTAIN SUPPORT OFFICE - DENVER National Park Service P.O. Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225-0287 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD ROCKY FLATS PLANT HAER No. C0-83 (Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site) Location: Bounded by Highways 93, 128, and 72 and Indiana Street, Golden, Jefferson County, Colorado. Date of Construction: 1951-1953 (original plant). Fabricator: Austin Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Present Owner: United States Department of Energy (USDOE). Present Use: Environmental Restoration. Significance: The Rocky Flats Plant (Plant), established in 1951, was a top-secret weapons production plant. The Plant manufactured triggers for use in nuclear weapons and purified plutonium recovered from retired weapons ( called site returns). Activities at the Plant included production, stockpile maintenance, and retirement and dismantlement. Particular emphasis was placed on production. Rocky Flats produced most of the plutonium triggers used in nuclear weapons from 1953 to 1964, and all of the triggers produced from 1964 until 1989, when production was suspended. The Plant also manufactured components for other portions of the weapons since it had the facilities, equipment, and expertise required for handling the materials involved. In addition to production processes, the Plant specialized in research concerning the properties of many materials that were not widely used in other industries, including plutonium, uranium, beryllium, and tritium. Conventional methods for machining plutonium, uranium, beryllium, and other metals were continually examined, modified, and updated in support of weapons production.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Mile Island Alert Newsletters, 1980
    Dickinson College Archives & Special Collections http://archives.dickinson.edu/ Three Mile Island Resources Title: Three Mile Island Alert Newsletters, 1980 Date: 1980 Location: TMI-TMIA Contact: Archives & Special Collections Waidner-Spahr Library Dickinson College P.O. Box 1773 Carlisle, PA 17013 717-245-1399 [email protected] SLAND i 1 V i Three Mile Island Alert February, 1980 Cobalt & Turkeys Collide by MikeT Klinger late Sunday evening, January 13, treatment of radiation exposure on 1-80 north of Pittsburgh, a These reports, she assured me, tractor trailer carrying radio­ were inaccurate. active cobalt pellets destined Alot of questions remain for use in. a NYC hospital collided unanswered. Why was the story with a trailer load of turkeys. played down so quickly? Why did On Monday morning WHP news the leaking cannister later_____ initially reported a broken cannister was emitting substantial amounts of radiation, .65 Rem/hr. to 4.0 Rem/hr.--"a major health hazard," according to Warren Bassett, administrator of nearby Brookville Hospital. WHP's coverage of the accident decreased and by mid-morning, ’ the story was no longer broadcast. A fifteen-mile stretch of 1-80 was closed off as state police waited for a DER radiation become "a crack in the trailer expert before getting close compartment"? Why was there su< to the truck. The DER expert a large discrepancy in the was stranded due to bad weather figures? Why and how did a and didn't get to the scene "major health hazard" in the until later in the day. The morning become "slight" by the initial dangerous readings of time it hit the Evening News? .65 R/hr.
    [Show full text]
  • ROCKY FLATS PLANT COMMUNITY RELATIONS PLAN Environmental Restoration Program
    ! DRAFT ROCKY FLATS PLANT COMMUNITY RELATIONS PLAN Environmental Restoration Program U S Department of Energy Rocky Flats Plant Golden, Colorado January 1991 ADMlN RECORD January 22, 19% -1 . TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A Overview 1 B Site Description 4 C Community Background 13 D Objectives 20 E Community Relations Activities 21 Appendix A List of Contacts and Interested Parties Appendix B IAG List of Rocky Flats Plant Hazardous Substances Appendix C Community Interview Plan Appendix D Information Repositories and Suggested Locations for Public Meetings Appendix E Public Comment Opportunities Appendix F List of Acronyms and Glossary of Terms Appendix G References Figure 1 General Location of the Rocky Flats Plant figure 2 Surface Water Drainage Patterns at the Rocky Flats Plant Figure 3 Location of Ground Water contamination at the Rocky Flats Plant in 1989 Figure 4 Location of Ground Water Monitoring Wells at the Rocky Flats Plant in 1989 \ \ ROCKY FLATS PLANT COMMUNITY RELATIONS PLAN Rocky Flats Plant, Golden, Colorado A Overview The Rocky Flats Plant Communrty Relatrons Plan describes the mechanisms through which the Rocky Flats Plant near Golden, Colorado, will inform and involve the public in environmental restoration and related environmental activities at the facility Community interest in the plant has increased over the years since operations began in 1952 Current interest in plant activities is high, particularly concerning environmental and health issues, and public comments indicate that interest will likely remain high throughout
    [Show full text]
  • Oral History Center University of California the Bancroft Library Berkeley, California
    Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California Berkeley Oral History Center University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California East Bay Regional Park District Oral History Project Judy Irving: A Life in Documentary Film, EBRPD Interviews conducted by Shanna Farrell in 2018 Copyright © 2019 by The Regents of the University of California Interview sponsored by the East Bay Regional Park District Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California Berkeley ii Since 1954 the Oral History Center of the Bancroft Library, formerly the Regional Oral History Office, has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the nation. Oral History is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well-informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is bound with photographs and illustrative materials and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ********************************* All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Judy Irving dated December 6, 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Literary, Subsidiary, and Foreign Rights Agents
    Literary, Subsidiary, and Foreign Rights Agents A Mini-Guide by John Kremer Copyright © 2011 by John Kremer All rights reserved. Open Horizons P. O. Box 2887 Taos NM 87571 575-751-3398 Fax: 575-751-3100 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.bookmarket.com Introduction Below are the names and contact information for more than 1,450+ literary agents who sell rights for books. For additional lists, see the end of this report. The agents highlighted with a bigger indent are known to work with self-publishers or publishers in helping them to sell subsidiary, film, foreign, and reprint rights for books. All 325+ foreign literary agents (highlighted in bold green) listed here are known to work with one or more independent publishers or authors in selling foreign rights. Some of the major literary agencies are highlighted in bold red. To locate the 260 agents that deal with first-time novelists, look for the agents highlighted with bigger type. You can also locate them by searching for: “first novel” by using the search function in your web browser or word processing program. Unknown author Jennifer Weiner was turned down by 23 agents before finding one who thought a novel about a plus-size heroine would sell. Her book, Good in Bed, became a bestseller. The lesson? Don't take 23 agents word for it. Find the 24th that believes in you and your book. When querying agents, be selective. Don't send to everyone. Send to those that really look like they might be interested in what you have to offer.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome to Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Home to Over 239 Species of Wildlife and Over 630 Species of Plants
    Welcome to Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge, home to over 239 species of wildlife and over 630 species of plants. In 2001, the Refuge was created by Congress to protect xeric tallgrass prairie, a globally rare ecosystem, and to protect habitat for threatened and endangered species. The security that once protected the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant also preserved this unique expanse of Front Range habitat. Portions of the Refuge surround a historic Cold War site. For nearly four decades, thousands of women and men worked at the Plant, building weapons components for the United States’ nuclear weapons arsenal. In 1989, operations ended and the Rocky Flats Plant was added to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Priorities List of sites that needed to be cleaned up. Beginning in 1992, many of the same Cold War veterans who had built weapons components at the Plant, assisted with an unprecedented and enormously complex Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“Superfund”) cleanup project to investigate and remediate the site. Thousands of soil, water, air, and sediment samples were collected and analyzed by laboratories. This extensive evaluation of Rocky Flats was conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and its contractors, overseen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE). Based on the results of the investigation, it was determined that no remediation was required on Refuge lands. The Site was closed in 2005 after the Plant was torn down and cleanup was completed. DOE Legacy Management staff continue to manage 1,300 acres located at the center of the Refuge where the former Plant was located.
    [Show full text]
  • Reel Impact: Movies and TV at Changed History
    Reel Impact: Movies and TV Õat Changed History - "Õe China Syndrome" Screenwriters and lmmakers often impact society in ways never expected. Frank Deese explores the "The China Syndrome" - the lm that launched Hollywood's social activism - and the eect the lm had on the world's view of nuclear power plants. FRANK DEESE · SEP 24, 2020 Click to tweet this article to your friends and followers! As screenwriters, our work has the capability to reach millions, if not billions - and sometimes what we do actually shifts public opinion, shapes the decision-making of powerful leaders, perpetuates destructive myths, or unexpectedly enlightens the culture. It isn’t always “just entertainment.” Sometimes it’s history. Leo Szilard was irritated. Reading the newspaper in a London hotel on September 12, 1933, the great Hungarian physicist came across an article about a science conference he had not been invited to. Even more irritating was a section about Lord Ernest Rutherford – who famously fathered the “solar system” model of the atom – and his speech where he self-assuredly pronounced: “Anyone who expects a source of power from the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” Stewing over the upper-class British arrogance, Szilard set o on a walk and set his mind to how Rutherford could be proven wrong – how energy might usefully be extracted from the atom. As he crossed the street at Southampton Row near the British Museum, he imagined that if a neutron particle were red at a heavy atomic nucleus, it would render the nucleus unstable, split it apart, release a lot of energy along with more neutrons shooting out to split more atomic nuclei releasing more and more energy and..
    [Show full text]
  • N Ieman Reports
    NIEMAN REPORTS Nieman Reports One Francis Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Nieman Reports THE NIEMAN FOUNDATION FOR JOURNALISM AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY VOL. 62 NO. 1 SPRING 2008 VOL. 62 NO. 1 SPRING 2008 21 ST CENTURY MUCKRAKERS THE NIEMAN FOUNDATION HARVARDAT UNIVERSITY 21st Century Muckrakers Who Are They? How Do They Do Their Work? Words & Reflections: Secrets, Sources and Silencing Watchdogs Journalism 2.0 End Note went to the Carnegie Endowment in New York but of the Oakland Tribune, and Maynard was throw- found times to return to Cambridge—like many, ing out questions fast and furiously about my civil I had “withdrawal symptoms” after my Harvard rights coverage. I realized my interview was lasting ‘to promote and elevate the year—and would meet with Tenney. She came to longer than most, and I wondered, “Is he trying to my wedding in Toronto in 1984, and we tried to knock me out of competition?” Then I happened to keep in touch regularly. Several of our class, Peggy glance over at Tenney and got the only smile from standards of journalism’ Simpson, Peggy Engel, Kat Harting, and Nancy the group—and a warm, welcoming one it was. I Day visited Tenney in her assisted living facility felt calmer. Finally, when the interview ended, I in Cambridge some years ago, during a Nieman am happy to say, Maynard leaped out of his chair reunion. She cared little about her own problems and hugged me. Agnes Wahl Nieman and was always interested in others. Curator Jim Tenney was a unique woman, and I thoroughly Thomson was the public and intellectual face of enjoyed her friendship.
    [Show full text]
  • Jihadists and Nuclear Weapons
    VERSION: Charles P. Blair, “Jihadists and Nuclear Weapons,” in Gary Ackerman and Jeremy Tamsett, eds., Jihadists and Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Growing Threat (New York: Taylor and Francis, 2009), pp. 193-238. c h a p t e r 8 Jihadists and Nuclear Weapons Charles P. Blair CONTENTS Introduction 193 Improvised Nuclear Devices (INDs) 195 Fissile Materials 198 Weapons-Grade Uranium and Plutonium 199 Likely IND Construction 203 External Procurement of Intact Nuclear Weapons 204 State Acquisition of an Intact Nuclear Weapon 204 Nuclear Black Market 212 Incidents of Jihadist Interest in Nuclear Weapons and Weapons-Grade Nuclear Materials 213 Al-Qa‘ida 213 Russia’s Chechen-Led Jihadists 214 Nuclear-Related Threats and Attacks in India and Pakistan 215 Overall Likelihood of Jihadists Obtaining Nuclear Capability 215 Notes 216 Appendix: Toward a Nuclear Weapon: Principles of Nuclear Energy 232 Discovery of Radioactive Materials 232 Divisibility of the Atom 232 Atomic Nucleus 233 Discovery of Neutrons: A Pathway to the Nucleus 233 Fission 234 Chain Reactions 235 Notes 236 INTRODUCTION On December 1, 2001, CIA Director George Tenet made a hastily planned, clandestine trip to Pakistan. Tenet arrived in Islamabad deeply shaken by the news that less than three months earlier—just weeks before the attacks of September 11, 2001—al-Qa‘ida and Taliban leaders had met with two former Pakistani nuclear weapon scientists in a joint quest to acquire nuclear weapons. Captured documents the scientists abandoned as 193 AU6964.indb 193 12/16/08 5:44:39 PM 194 Charles P. Blair they fled Kabul from advancing anti-Taliban forces were evidence, in the minds of top U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Citizen Copyright © 2016 by Public Citizen Foundation All Rights Reserved
    Public Citizen Copyright © 2016 by Public Citizen Foundation All rights reserved. Public Citizen Foundation 1600 20th St. NW Washington, D.C. 20009 www.citizen.org ISBN: 978-1-58231-099-2 Doyle Printing, 2016 Printed in the United States of America PUBLIC CITIZEN THE SENTINEL OF DEMOCRACY CONTENTS Preface: The Biggest Get ...................................................................7 Introduction ....................................................................................11 1 Nader’s Raiders for the Lost Democracy....................................... 15 2 Tools for Attack on All Fronts.......................................................29 3 Creating a Healthy Democracy .....................................................43 4 Seeking Justice, Setting Precedents ..............................................61 5 The Race for Auto Safety ..............................................................89 6 Money and Politics: Making Government Accountable ..............113 7 Citizen Safeguards Under Siege: Regulatory Backlash ................155 8 The Phony “Lawsuit Crisis” .........................................................173 9 Saving Your Energy .................................................................... 197 10 Going Global ...............................................................................231 11 The Fifth Branch of Government................................................ 261 Appendix ......................................................................................271 Acknowledgments ........................................................................289
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Social Studies Through Film
    Teaching Social Studies Through Film Written, Produced, and Directed by John Burkowski Jr. Xose Manuel Alvarino Social Studies Teacher Social Studies Teacher Miami-Dade County Miami-Dade County Academy for Advanced Academics at Hialeah Gardens Middle School Florida International University 11690 NW 92 Ave 11200 SW 8 St. Hialeah Gardens, FL 33018 VH130 Telephone: 305-817-0017 Miami, FL 33199 E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: 305-348-7043 E-mail: [email protected] For information concerning IMPACT II opportunities, Adapter and Disseminator grants, please contact: The Education Fund 305-892-5099, Ext. 18 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.educationfund.org - 1 - INTRODUCTION Students are entertained and acquire knowledge through images; Internet, television, and films are examples. Though the printed word is essential in learning, educators have been taking notice of the new visual and oratory stimuli and incorporated them into classroom teaching. The purpose of this idea packet is to further introduce teacher colleagues to this methodology and share a compilation of films which may be easily implemented in secondary social studies instruction. Though this project focuses in grades 6-12 social studies we believe that media should be infused into all K-12 subject areas, from language arts, math, and foreign languages, to science, the arts, physical education, and more. In this day and age, students have become accustomed to acquiring knowledge through mediums such as television and movies. Though books and text are essential in learning, teachers should take notice of the new visual stimuli. Films are familiar in the everyday lives of students.
    [Show full text]