Current Scenario and Prospects of Nanotechnology and Bio-Statistics

Home , Asperlicin, Gulzarilal Nanda, Purushottam Das Tandon

International Conference 25 - 26 February, 2016

Organized by School of Sciences

U. P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University, Allahabad (Established by Act No. 10, 1999 of Government of Uttar Pradesh) www.uprtou.ac.in

Message

I am pleased to know that the School of Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University, Allahabad is organizing a International Conference on “Current Scenario and Prospects of Nanotechnology and Bio-Statistics” on 25–26 February, 2016. The U. P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University, is one of the premier university in India among the Open and Distance Education universities. It is the only University of Distance mode in Uttar Pradesh established by the state Government. Science and technology has tremendous impact upon the life of man and the society. Today Nanotechnology is emerging and important area of study in science. Nanotechnology is the innovative area in science education. Theme of INCB-2016 covers the vast area of Nanotechnology and Bio-Statistics and will be very relevant for researchers, academicians and decision makers while framing the strategies for development of the country. I appreciate the enthusiasm of the faculty members who have planned this international conference and wish them a grand sussess. This conference will provide a platform for the academicians and researchers to discuss the theory and practice of Nanotechnology and Bio- Statistics. I hope the outcome of this conference will serve as useful source of information and reference for researchers, academicians and scientists working in the related fields. I extend a very cordial welcome to all invited speakers, resource persons, delegates and participants of the conference. I also extend my warm greetings and falicitations to the convener, Organizing Secretary and participating delegates and also send my best wishes for the grand success of the conference. Prof. M. P. Dube Vice-Chancellor

From The Desk of Conference Director………

Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of molecular manipulations whereby miniatures of the bulky materials and parts of machines are manufactured with maximum precisions and enhanced properties. Such products occupy a very little place ie. within one to hundred nanometres range and have many times more potential and perfection in terms of performance, that is why their acceptance in present world is very high. It is a wonderful innovation in the field of science and technology mainly in material science. Now a days it has got a wide range of application in almost all the fields of human activities may it be medical, pharmacy, engineering, agriculture or even in arts. Biostatistics on the other hand provides the basis for statistical analysis for every kind of biological researches. This is the matter of appreciation that the faculty members of school of science and related fields have conceived an idea and prepared a proposal to organize an international conference on these two concurrent themes in a wedded manner so that the researchers, scientists and academicians of varied fields are invited on a common platform to discuss the issues, challenges and the prospects thereof. I on behalf of the organizing committee and on my own behalf am immensely and deeply indebted to Hon'ble Vice Chancellor Prof M. P. Dube, for his instill inspiration, encouragement, guidance and support in this endeavour. I am also thankful to Finance Officer and Registrar Mr. D. P. Tripathi for his financial and administrative supports. A sincere thanks is due to every member of the organizing committee who have worked hard to make this event possible. Last but not least I am Thankful to every one of the faculty and staff members who have directly or indirectly helped in organizing this conference. May this conference add one more feather in the cap of the University so diligently over the years that it continue to guide and inspire educationist to pursue to new ideas. I am sure the deliberations in the conference will make a pathway for students, researchers, academicians and policy makers to accomplish their task in better ways. I am sure that every participant and guest will enjoy a pleasant, memorable and comfortable stay at the historic city of Sangam. I hope this visit will be fruitful and every one will take sweet memories from this Conference.

Dr. P. P. Dubey Conference Director

From the Desk of Convener………………

As a Convener of INCB – 2016, I am pleased to extend a warm welcome to all the delegates of the International Conference on “Current Scenario and Prospects of Nanotechnology and Bio-Statistics” on 25-26 Fabruary, 2016 in U. P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University, Allahabad. The conference aims to promote exchange of information and ideas related with nanotechnology and biostatistics in various discipline of science. Bringing researchers and academicians from different disciplines of science together to encourage collaboration is truly an important task and proper fusion of diverse ideas is always needed. I hope that the conference will bring intellectually inspiring interactions and productive and the ideas generated will be globally valuable. The major theme of this conference is ‘Applications of Nano tecnology and Bio- Statistics, while the sub themes are Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Applications of Nanotechnology, Nano Catalysis: Emerging Concepts and Applications, Nanotechnology in Basic Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Applications of Nanotechnology in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Applications, Emerging roles of Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Environmental issues, Nano-computing and Information and Communication Technology, Applications of Nanotechnology in Socio- economic Development. I know that the success of any conference depends ultimately on many people who have worked with us in the planning and organizing both the technical program and supporting social arrangements, for this my thanks to all of them. In particular I would like to express my special gratitude and regards to the patron of the conference Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor Prof. M. P. Dube, for his guidance, support and best wishes to give this conference a great success. I pay my special thanks to Finance Officer and Registrar Mr. D. P. Tripathi for his financial and administrative support. I also pay my thanks to Controller of Examination Dr. Mradul Srivastava for his suggestions. I also pay my heartily thanks to all the guests, speakers, participants & delegates without whom, this event may not achieved its expectations. At the last I convey my best wishes & greetings to all the participants.

Dr. Shruti Convener

From the Desk of Organizing Secretary…………

On behalf of Organizing Committee of INCB – 2016, it’s gives me immense pride and privilege to welcome you all in this International Conference on ‘Current Scenario and Prospects of Nanaotechnology and Bio-Statistics’ 25-26 February, 2016 Organized by U. P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University, Allahabad is being held in one of the oldest cities of the world having enriched with glorious history, known as “Teirth Raj Prayag, City of Triveni Sangam & Maha Kumbh”. As we all know that now a day’s science and technology plays vital role for mankind. In the 21st century nanotechnology studies in various disciplines of science gives a new dimensions in building unique devices with a molecular scale precision, towards nano devices in medicine, computing devices and scientific exploration. The relevance of this topic in higher education and research is very important. Striding towards the same direction, the objective of present conference is to provide a platform for leading academicians, researchers and scholars to communicate, exchange, and share their ideas and discuss about the related fields. It is a matter of great pleasure that the conference received an overpowering response from different institutions and universities of all over India and all over the world in diversified areas of science and technology. There shall be more than 130 delegates from 14 states of the country and 6 countries from abroad participating in the present conference. The conference also aims to strengthen the relationships among the researchers of different disciplines of science by exchanging and sharing their experiences and ideas. As an organizing secretary of this international conference, I personally feel that this conference will be a vital tool of communicating valuable information and knowledge move through person to person interaction for the development of knowledge of related themes across the globe. I am sure that the conference would meet expectations of all the delegates and will have wonderful and memorable time during these two days with pleasant stay at Allahabad, India. Dr. Dinesh Kumar Gupta Organizing Secretary

From The Desk of Joint Organizing Secretaries……………

Being the Joint Organizing Secretaries of INCB - 2016, it is our honour to welcome all of you in this International Conference on “Current Scenario and Prospects of Nanotechnology and Bio-Statistics”, organized by School of Sciences, U. P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University, Allahabad on 25-26 February, 2016. We hope that this conference will provide a platform to all the academicians, scholars and industrialist exploring the vast sea of relevant area. The outcome of this conference will be a milestone and will provide valuable inputs to researchers and persons of related areas. In INCB-2016 delegates from six countries of world Egypt, Nepal, Nigeria, China, Checz Republick and India, with fourteen states of India J&K, Himachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Assam, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Delhi, Pondichery, Hariyana, Odisha, Uttrakhand and Rajasthan will be participating. We offer our sincere thanks and gratitude to Hon’ble Vice Chancellor Prof. M. P. Dubey for his guidance, gratefulness and motivation. We also pay our thanks to Registrar and Finance Officer Mr. D. P. Tripathi for his official support. We are also thankful to Mr. Mridul Srivastava, COE, for his valuable suggestions. We convey our wishes & greetings to all the delegates, speakers and participants. Hoping INCB 2016 will be memorable and successful. Our Wishes to all.

Dr. Gaurav Sankalp Dr. C. K. Singh Joint Organizing Secretaries

Contents

Allahabad at a Glance 1-3

University at a Glance 4-7

Conference Schedule 8

Abstracts of Invited Lectures 9-16

Abstracts of Delegates 17-94

Organizing and Sub- Commities 95-100

Schedule of Technical Sessions

Six Technical Sessions will be conducted on the basis of Eight Sub Themes of the International Conference

 Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Applications of Nanotechnology  Nano Catalysis: Emerging Concepts and Applications  Nanotechnology in Basic Sciences and Biomedical Engineering  Applications of Nanotechnology in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics  Biostatistics and Applications  Emerging roles of Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Environmental issues  Nano-computing and Information and Communication Technology  Applications of Nanotechnology in Socio-economic Development

S. Name Affiliation and Contact Paper Title No. Prof. Saber Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef Applications of Nanoparticles on 1. Mohamed University, Egypt Animal Biotechnology Abd-Allah [email protected] Dr. Kumud B. Global Change Research Institute, The Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: Current Mishra Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, and Future Perspectives 2. Czech Republic [email protected] Prof. Syed Ibrahim Department of Biochemistry, University of Anti Aging Interventions: Possible 3. Rizvi Allahabad, Allahabad –211002, U.P. India Role Of Plant Polyphenols [email protected] Prof. Bechan Department of Biochemistry, University of Nanoparticles as prospective 4. Sharma Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, U.P., India regimen against anti HIV-1/AIDS [email protected] Prof. S.L. Sananse Professor,Dept. of Statistics, Best Fit Fuzzy Regression Model Dr. B. A. M. University, Aurangabad- Based On Distance Criteria 5. 431004, Maharashtra, India. [email protected] Prof. Avinash Ex. V.C., Bundelkhand University, Jhansi; “Nanotechnology and Chandra Pandey Head, Department of Atmospheric & Ocean Theranostics”, 6. Sciences, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., India Prof. Arvind Director, National Institute of Medical Trends of Infant Mortality in India: 7. Pandey Statistics, ICMR, New Delhi Some Statistical Issues Prof. S. K. Department of Statistics, B.H.U., Varanasi, Bayesian Modeling- A few 8. Upadhyay U.P., India Important Bio-Statistical Problems [email protected] Prof. Anoop Department of Statistics, University of Classification & Dimension Chaturvedi Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., India Reduction Tools in Bioinformatics: 9. [email protected] Application of Principal Component Analysis & Cluster Analysis Dr. Mrituanjay D. Department of Chemistry (School of RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN FLUORESCENCE Pandey Chemical Science & Technology) SENSORS 10. Dr. H. S. Gour Central University Sagar, MP 470003, India. [email protected] Jay Singh1*, Alkesh 1Department of Applied Chemistry & Electro-catalytic Determination of 1 Kumarir , D. Polymer Technology, Delhi Technological H2O2 based on CuO/PANI 11. Kumar1 University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Nanocomposite Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India [email protected] Mrigendra Dubey Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute Multifunctional Metallogels: An of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, approach Towards Applications 12. U.P., India [email protected] [email protected]

1 1 Manish Department of Physics & Astrophysics, Characterizations of Co3O4 Srivastava*, 2Neha University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India Nanostructure Synthesized by Srivastava 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Solvothermal Method Technology, Indian Institute of Technology 13. (BHU),Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India [email protected]

Samish Gupta, Jiamusi University, China Research In Molecular Genetics In Anoop Srivastava [email protected] Human Beings 14. and Pankaj Srivastava Abubakar *Department of Biochemistry, Bauchi State Synergistic effect of Mangifera Mohammed* University, Gadau PMB 063, Nigeria indica and Azadirachta indica 15. and Syed Ibrahim **Department of Biochemistry, University extract on Streptozotocin-induced Rizvi** of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India wistar rats [email protected] Manoj Kumar 1Janaki Medical College, Ramdaiya Alteration in redox balance in a rat Chaudhary1 Bhawadi, Dhanusha, Nepal model of accelerated aging 16. & Syed Ibrahim 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Rizvi2 Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India [email protected] Manju Department of Chemistry, T.D.P.G. College, Treatment of Waste Water by Some 17. Jaunpr , U.P., India selected Materials in Nano-size [email protected] J.D. Pandey, Department of Chemistry, University Chemical Sciences Estimation of Vinay of Allahabad, 211002, U.P., India Thermodynamic Properties of Sanguri, [email protected] Binary Liquid Mixtures Using Sound 18. Rupali Sethi Velocity and Density Data on the Basis of Flory’s Statistical Theory and Empirical Relations UmaRani Agrawal1 1.Assistant Professor, Department of Nanomaterials and Detection of and Shubhra Zoology, CMP Degree College (a Food Pathogen Malviya2 constituent colleges of Allahabad University, Allahabad-211002, India 2. Department of Zoology, S SKhanna 19. Degree College (a constituent colleges of Allahabad University, Allahabad-211002 U.P., India Umar_agrawal2rediffmail.com [email protected] Alok Agrawal, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh Lucknow, Models for the Effect of a Toxicant Piyush Kumar Umar_agrawal2rediffmail.com on a Biological Species 20. Tripathi & Suyash [email protected], Narayan Mishra [email protected] & [email protected] Durgesh Nandini Chemistry Department, Nehru Gram Bharti Determination of Different Goshwami, Alok University, Allahabad, U.P., India Parameter of River Ganges from 21. Mishra, GhanShyam [email protected] Gangotri to Allahabad Mani Mishra, Ashutosh Yadav Mala Pathak Department of Botany, E.C.C., University of Comparison of Survivability of the 22. Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., India Blue Green Algae Oscillatoria [email protected] Limosa and O. Animalis at Different

Concentrations of Sewage Water Preeti Singh Deptt. Of Botany, S.S. Khanna Girls Degree Nanotechnology: Scope and College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Application in Plante Desease 23. U.P., India Management [email protected] P. P. Dubey School of Agricultural Sciences, UPRTOU, Prospects of Nanaoltechnology 24. Allahabad, U.P., India Applications in Agricultural Sciences [email protected] Neelam Bajpai Assistant Professor, Zoology Department, Nanotechnology Application in Mahamaya Govt Degree College, Everyday Life 25. Kaushambi, U.P., India [email protected] Neetu Mishra 1, Centre of Food Technology, University of Effect of Vitamin C on Osmotic Swati Agarwal 2, Allahabad-211002, U.P., India Fragility in Type 2 Diabetes 26. Preetima Singh [email protected], [email protected] Prashant Dubey Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Water Soluble Carbon Nanoparticles Interdisciplinary Studies (IIDS), University of from Sucrose and Its Bioimaging 27. Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, U.P., India Applications [email protected] Priyanka Dwivedi*, S. S. Khanna Girls’ Degree College, Shanthy Allahabad Potential Antimicrobial Activity of 28. Sundaram** Centre of Biotechnology, University of Various Extracts of Some Medicinal Allahabad, U.P., India Plants [email protected] Suman Bhardwaj Department of Botany, University of Relation between Chlorophyll and S. C. Agrawal Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., India Content and Survivability of the [email protected] Green Alga Pithophora Oedogonium 29. under Different Concentrations of Potassium Nitrate

Swati Chaurasia Mahamaya Govt. Degree College, Applications of Nanotechnology and 30. Kaushambi, U.P., India Its Potential Hazards [email protected] Anushree Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department Chitosan Nanoparticles As A Srivastava, of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, U.P., Renewable Catalyst For The I.R.Siddiqui India Synthesis Of 31. [email protected] 3-Methoxy2-Phenylquinoline-4- Carboxylic Acid

Arjita Srivastava, Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department Single Step Efficient Access To Anushree of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Tetracyclic [6,5,5,5] Indole Ring 32. Srivastava, I.R. Allahabad, U.P., India Catalyzed By Acidic Ionic Liquid Siddiqui* [email protected] [Hmim]HSO4 Mohd. Danish*, Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru Effect Of Thickness on Optical and Dinesh Kumar National Institute of Technology, Photocatalytic Properties of Nb2O5 Gupta** and Allahabad, School of Sciences Uttar Thin Films Prepared By Sol- Gel 33. Ashutosh Pandey* Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University, Method Allahabad , U.P., India [email protected] Afifa Qidwai, Biological Product Lab, Department of Metal nanoparticles as potential Manisha Pandey Botany,University of Allahabad antibacterial agents against 34. and Anupam Dixit [email protected] Propionibacterium acnes

MridulaTripathia* Department of Chemistry, CMP Degree Optimization of semiconductor ns- and College, University of Allahabad, TiO2-CuO admixed photoelectrode PriyankaChawlaa Allahabad, India-211002 for 35. [email protected] photoelectrochemical solar cell in regard to hydrogen production

Manisha Pandey, Biological Product Laboratory, Department Antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs Afifa Qidwai, of Botany, University of Allahabad against Acne Vulgaris. 36. Anupam Dikshit* Allahabad-211002, India [email protected]

Ajey Singh, N.B. Dept. of Botany, University of Allahabad, Biogenic synthesis of ZnO Singh and Imtiyaz Allahabad, U.P., India nanoparticles by Citrus limon Hussain [email protected] (lemon) aqueous extract and its 37. effect on germination and growth of Vigna radiata

Gausiya Bashri and Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Nanotechnology: A tool to clean the Sheo Mohan Laboratory, Department of Botany, environment Prasad University of Allahabad (A Central 38. University of India), Allahabad, India, 211002 [email protected]

Shikha Jaiswal Deptt of Physics, Feroze Gandhi College, All Optical Logic Devices Raebareli. 39. Email: [email protected]

Chanda Bano and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Differential Responses of Pea N. B. Singh Botany, Seedlings to Salicylic Acid under UV- 40. University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002. B Stress [email protected]

Himani Singh and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Protective role of nitric oxide N.B. Singh Botany, against toxicity produced by University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002 glyphosate herbicide in Pisum 41. [email protected], sativum [email protected]

Yogesh Mishra Deptt.Of zoology, Bhavan’s Mehta Nanotechnology: Environmental Mahavidyalaya, Bharwari, Kaushambi, U.P. benefits or costs 42. India [email protected] Manish K *Department of Chemistry, KAPG College, Electrochemical Behavior of Srivastav* and R K Allahabad Anthracene in Various Non-aqueous 43. P Singh** ** Department of Chemistry, University of Solvents Allahabad, Allahabad 44. Ram. S. Yadav and Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Effect of Sm3+ on optical properties

S. B. Rai Department of Physics, Institute of Science of Eu3+ doped La(OH)3 nano- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, crystalline phosphor: Energy transfer India and effect of sensitizer Email: [email protected] Pawan K Srivastava Dept Of Chemistry, SP Memorial Institute Impact Assessment of Municipal Of Technology, Allahabad, U.P., India Runoff from Allahabad City on River 45. [email protected] Yamuna and Ganga

Praveen P. Singh1, 1Department of Chemistry, United College Eosin Y Catalyzed Visible-light- Vishal Srivastava2 of Engineering & Research, Naini, promoted One –Pot Facile Synthesis & Pravin K. Singh3 Allahabad, India 2Department of Chemistry, of 1,3,4- Thiadiazole United College of Engineering & 46. Management, Naini, 3Food Analysis and Research Lab, Centre of Food Technology, University of Allahabad, U.P., India [email protected] Rakesh Mani Misra Asst. Prof. Department of Chemistry, Harish Zerovalent Bismuth Nanoparticles 47. Chandra P. G. College, Varanasi, U.P., India as Antimicrobial Agent [email protected] RanjanaVerma*, Solar and Energy Materials laboratory, Defect Assisted Multifunctional S.K.Samdarshi** Department of Energy, Tezpur University, CeO2 Nano particles for Photo Tezpur, Assam-784028, India catalytic Detoxification and 48. Centre for Energy Engineering, Central Disinfection (Bactericidal / University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, Fungicidal) Applications Jharkhand, India [email protected] T.P. Yadav, S.S. Hydrogen Energy Centre, Department of Nano-particals on quasicrystalline Mishra, Sunita K. Physics, Banaras Hindu University, surface: A notable catalytic 49. Pandey and O.N. Varanasi- 221 005, U.P., India application in green energy Srivastava [email protected] Rama Shankar Department of Chemistry, University of Sorption tendencies of some metal Saroj and A. Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, U.P., India ions on Amberlite IR-120 cation 50. Mahan [email protected] exchange resin in aqueous sodium gluconate medium

Smita Mishra Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur Increase In Biodiversity With 51. University Gorakhpur, U.P., India Nanotechnology [email protected] Dharmendra Department of Chemistry; University of Synthesis And Characterisation Of Kumar Sahu and Allahabad, U.P., India [L][Hx]N Complexes (Where L= Shekhar Srivastava Selenium Containing Macrocyclic Ligands And HX=HF, HCL, HI, H SO , 52. 2 4 HNO3, H3PO4, HClO4, And CF3COOH ): An Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study

S. Hashmi, R. K. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Study of Size of Viruses which Pandey, M. Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. caused diseases in plant possible 53. Hashmi, R.Khan* Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand through nanotechnology and A. Gupta University, Jhansi, U.P., India Yogendra Pratap Department of Chemistry, A. P. S. Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT Singh, Yogendra University, Rewa , M.P., 486003, India calculations and superoxide 54. Singh, Ram N. [email protected] dismutase activity of copper(II) Patel* complex with N’-(pyridine-2-

ylmethylene) acetohydrazide Yogendra Department of Chemistry, A.P.S. University, Crystal Structures, Electrochemistry Singh, Rewa (M.P.) 486003, India and DFT studies of Nickel(II) Yogendra [email protected] complexes of a NNO donors Schiff- 55. Pratap base: Formation of supramolecular Singh, architectures by H-Bonding Ram N. interactions Patel* R. P. Yadav*, *Dept. of Physics, University of Allahabad, Ripple patterns evolution on Silicon T.Kumar** and C K **Dept. of Physics, Central university surfaces by medium energy ions 56. Singh*** Haryana, Haryana, India. bombardment ***School of Computer Sciences, UPRTOU,Allahabad, U.P., India. Preeti Rajoria, Jacob School of Biotech, SHIATS, Allahabad, Phytoreduction and antibacterial Pragati Mishra and U.P., India assessment of silver Nanoparticles 57. Pramod. W [email protected] using Phalris minor Ramteke Tripti Tiwari, Department of Botany, N.G.B. University Seed Quality, Yield And Growth Pradeep Upadhya Allahabad, U.P., India Attributes Of Wethania Sominifera 58. and Asheesh 1Benthic Ecology Lab., Department of Effected By Planting Shivam Mishra1 Zoology, NGB University, Allahabad, U.P. Hemlata Pant Society of Biological Sciences and Rural Appliation Of Nanotechnology In and Manoj Development ,Allahabad -211019, U.P., Agri. And Enviromental Issues : An 59. Kumar Singh India ,IndiaDept of Horticulture, K.A.P.G. Overview College , Allahabad-211001(U.P.), India Juhi Srivastava, Department of Chemistry, MMV Banaras Fabrication of Aspartame imprinted Archana Kushwaha Hindu University Varanasi-221005, U.P., chitosan nanoparticle-graphene 60. and Meenakshi India composite by electrode position Singh [email protected], method

[email protected] Ambareesh Kumar Department of Chemistry, MMV Molecularly imprinted EQCM sensor Singh and Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- for L-serine based on functionalized 61. Meenakshi Singh 221005, U.P., India gold-nano [email protected], particle [email protected] Dharmveer Singha, aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Functionalized magnetic Shalini Vermaa, Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India nanoparticles: Vijay Shakarb and bDepartment of Chemistry, B.S.N.V. Post Synthesis,characterization and its 62. Vijay Krishnaa Graduate College, Lucknow-206001- application in removal of Ni(II) ions Department of Biochemistry, University of from aqueous solution Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India [email protected] Umesh Chand and Dept. of Chemistry, T.D. College, Jaunpur, Estimation of Self-purification Alok Mishra U.P., India Efficency of Ram Ghat Near Jaunpur 63. City in Terms of its Physico- Chemical Parameters Rajnish Kumar Dept. of Botany, N G B U. Jamunipur, Estimation of effect of reservoir Singh and Alok Allahabad, U.P., India parameters of Gomati river around 64. Mishra Jaunpur city on the degree of self- purification of water Sheikh Adil 1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Geostatistical modeling of Edrisi1* and P. C. Development, Banaras Hindu University, bioenergy crops on marginal and 65. Abhilash1 Varanasi- 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India degraded lands [email protected] 66. Bhawana Mahamaya Government Degree College, Nanoparticle and its application

Kesarwani Kaushambi, U.P., India [email protected] Brijesh K Singh, *Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru Chitosan-based azo-Schiff base: Yadvendra Singh, National Institute of Technology, Synthesis, characterization and 67. Tamal Ghosh and Allahabad, U.P., India biological evaluation P.K.Dutta* [email protected] Himanshu Department of Management Studies, Strategic Development Trends in Lashkari, A.K. **Department of Chemistry the Global Pharmaceutical Singh*Uttam Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan Industries Singh, N. P. *Department of VBS Purvanchal University, 68. Singh** Jaunpur **Department of Chemistry, T.D.P.G. College, Jaunpur, U.P., India [email protected] [email protected] Priyanka Singh1, 1Centre of Food Technology, “Gap Analysis Of Microbiological Vibha Singh1, Faculty of Science, University Of Allahabad, Safety Of Street Vended Momos Of 69. Shreyasi Dubey1, Allahabad, U.P., India Different Regions Of Allahabad” and Pinki Saini1 [email protected] Preeti Sagar , and Department of Botany, University of Effects Of Light And Tempe -rature 70. S.C Agarwal Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., India On Growth And Survival Of Green [email protected] Algae Spirogyra & Pithophora. Saumya Khare1* 1Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Multifaceted Biomedical and Om Prakash1 Science, Banaras Hindu University, Applications of Silver Nanoparticles 71. U.P., India, 221005 [email protected], [email protected] Anil Kumar Singh, Computational Approaches for Shivesh Tiwari, Gene Prediction using DSP 72. Bhu Dev Mishra Technique Through MATLAB

Shikha Singh and Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Emerging roles of nanotechnology Sheo Mohan Laboratory, Department of Botany, in agriculture: Scope and limitations 73. Prasad Ranjan University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, U.P., India [email protected] Anita Singh Department of Botany, University of Growth responses of rice seedlings 74. and Sheo Mohan Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., India 211002 treated with nano form of ZnO Prasad Akanksha Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Salt stress influence the Srivastava Botany, University of Allahabad-211002, chromosomal aberrations on 75. U.P., India buckwheat [email protected] (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Bharti Srivastava Electro Chemical Sensor Laboratory, Determination of Cephalexin using M. C. Department of Chemistry Sulphide(II) Ion Selective Membrane Chattopadhyaya2 University of Allahabad Electrode. 76. Allahabad 211002, U.P., India [email protected] [email protected] Malvika Shekhar Department Of Botany, University Of Biodiversity Of Vam Fungi In Some And Monica Basu Allahabad, Allahabad – 211002, U.P., India Ornamental Plants Of Asteraceae 77. [email protected], [email protected] G. Kumar and Nitu Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles Chaudhary Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad- in Phaseolus vulgaris L. 78. 211002, U.P., India [email protected]

Mousmi Syed Department Of Genetics And Plant Use Of Nanotechnology In Modified Breeding ,Institute Of Agricultural Sciences, Seed 79. Bundelkhand University,Jhansi (U.P.)- 284001, U.P., India [email protected] Shiva Arun, Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru Solvothermal synthesis of Shahid Suhail National Institute of Technology, heterogeneous catalyst Narvi, Allahabad- 211004, U.P., India consisting of polyoxometalate- 80. Narendra Deo [email protected] based metal complex: Pandey, characterization and Amreen Naz comparative catalytic study with metal complex Shefali Singh Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Temperature Induced Cytological Botany, University of Allahabad-211002, Influences in the root meristem of 81. U.P., India Cluster Bean [email protected] (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Shivam singh*, Estimation Of Berberine From Pragya singh, Tinospora Cordifolia By Hptlc 82. Abhinay singh, Method Shrikant Kaul Swati Keserwani Plant Genetics Laboratory, Botany Genotoxic effect of UV-B radiation Department, University of Allahabad in the root meristem of Dolichos 83. Allahabd, U.P., India lablab L. [email protected] Ajay Kumar Department of Zoology Effects of Nano Materials on the SHS Govt. Degree College, Dhanapur environment 84. Chandauli, U.P., India [email protected] *Atul K *Associate Professor in Botany, KNIPSS, Analyses Of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr, 85. Jaiswal & Sultanpur-228 118, U.P., India Pb, & Zn) In Treated & Untreated Meenakshi Pandey *[email protected] Sewage Samples Asheesh Shiva *Deptt of Zoology, NGB University, Ordination Analysis Determining Mishra*, Prakash Allahabad, 211002, U.P., India Environmental Factor Responsible 86. Nautiyal** **Aquatic Bio Diversity Unit, Deptt of for Distribution of Zoo Benthos Zoology & Biotechnology, H.N.B. Garhwal Community in the River Paisuni University, Srinagar, Uttrakhand, India. India Shreyasi Dubey1, Centre of Food Technology, Faculty of Prevalence Of Pathogens In Street Vibha Singh1, Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Vendend Panipuri In Allahabad 87. Priyanka Singh1, , U.P., India and Pinki Saini1 [email protected]

Ramesh Kumar Department of Chemistry, T.D. College1 Estimation of Effect of Reservoir Singh and Alok and NGBU Allahabad, NGBU, Jamunipur Parameters of Gomati River around 88. Mishra * kotwa, Allahabad, , U.P., India Jaunpur City On the degree of self- purification of water

Uma Jaiswal BMM Degree College, Bharwari, Nanotechnology A Change In 89. Kaushambi. , U.P., India Medicine

Ramesh Chandra Academic Consultant- sociology, School of Impact Of Social Networking Sites Yadav social science, UPRTOU Allahabad, , U.P., On Social Life: A Sociological 90. India Perspective [email protected]

R. S. Yadav and S. B. Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Effect of Sm3+ on optical properties Rai Department of Physics, Institute of Science, of Eu3+ doped La(OH)3 nano- crystalline phosphor: Energy transfer 91. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, and effect of sensitizer India [email protected] Soni Srivastava Department Of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls’ Nanotechnology: Applications and Degree College, University Of Allahabad, Implications for the Environment

92. Allahabad. [email protected]

Imtiyaz Hussain, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Phytosynthesis Of Cerium Oxide Ajey Singh, and N. Botany, University of Allahabad, Nanoparticles And Their 93. B. Singh Allahabad-211002, India Applications In Protecting Plant [email protected] Against Abiotic Stress

Rakesh Kumar Department of Computer Science, Interconnection Network with 94. Katare, Sunil A.P.S.University Rewa Nanotechnology Tiwari, Arti Pandey [email protected] Aarti Pandey [email protected] Estimation Of Berberine From 95. Tinospora Cordifolia By Hptlc Method Deepshikha Email: [email protected], Structural & Optical Studies on Tripathi, C.P. Singh [email protected], Nano-crystalline CuInS2 Powder for 96. and S.L. Agrawal [email protected] Solar Cell Applications

Nidhi Bagga , S. L. SSI Laboratory, Department of Physics, APS Development Of Nanoferrites Using Agrawal University, Rewa, India Green Chemistry Route For Nano 97. [email protected]; Filtration [email protected] Prabhakar Mishra Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu Variance Estimation Using and Rajesh Singh University Varanasi 221005, U.P., India Arithmetic Mean Geometric Mean 98. . And Harmonic Mean Under SRSWOR Nitesh K. Adichwal Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu A New Exponential Ratio-Type University, Varanasi, U.P., India Estimator for Population Variance 91 [email protected] with Linear Combination of Two Auxiliary Attributes Neha Seth Research Scholar, Dept. of Community Comparative Study On Status Of 92 Medicine, IMS BHU, Varanasi, U.P., India Sanitation Between India & Uttar [email protected] Pradesh Manoj K. Department of Statistics Estimating The Mean Of Stratified Chaudhary and Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- Population Using Double Sampling 93 Amit Kumar 221005, U.P., India Scheme In The Presencre Of Missing Observations B.B. Khare and Department of statistics, Banaras Hindu Estimation Of Population P.S. Jha* University, Varanasi, India Proportion Using Two Phase 94 [email protected] Sampling Scheme In The Presence Of Non-Response B.B.Khare and Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu Improved Class Of Chain Type 95 Utkarsh University, Varanasi-221005, U.P., India Estimators For Ratio Of Two

[email protected] Population Means Using Two Auxiliary Characters In The Presence Of Nonresponse Beer Pal Singh Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Role of Statistics in Biological and SHIATS, Naini, Allahabad, U.P., India Sciences 96 Girish K. Dwivedi School of Education, UPRTOU, Allahabad, U.P., India [email protected] Naveen Chandra Department of Statistics, Ramanujan Bayesian Semi Parametric School of Mathematical Sciences, Inferences on Heart Attack 97 Pondicherry University, Podicherry-605 Disease Patients 014, India [email protected] Shailendra *Department of Statistics, Lucknow Semi-Parametric Modeling with R kumar*, S.K. University, Lucknow-226007, U.P., India Software in Survival Analysis Pandey*, V.K. **Department of Mathematical Sciences Sehgal** and Computer Applications, Bundelkhand 98 University, Jhansi-284128, U.P., India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] G.P. Singh*, Department of Community Medicine, IMS, An Assessment of Effect of 99 Abhishek Singh BHU, Varanasi, U.P., India Sources of Water and Sanitation Chauhan [email protected] on Child Health in Varanasi Dr. Abhimanyu Assistant Professor, Department of Bayesian Estimation for Singh Yadav Statistics, PUC, Mizoram University, Aizawl- Exponentiated Gamma 100 796001, Mizoram, India Distribution Using Progressive [email protected] Type-II Censored Data G.P. Singh*, Department of Community Medicine, IMS, Estimating the Completeness of Anurag Verma*, & DST-CIMS, BHU, Varanasi, U.P., India Death Registration with Limited 101 Abhinav Singh** Department of Statistics, University of Data

Allahabad, U.P., India Anil Kewat Deptt. of Mathematical Sciences & Performance Comparison of Computer Application, Bundelkhand Different Metaheuristic, Nature 102 University, Jhansi, U.P., India Based Optimization Algorithms for [email protected] the Solution of Travelling Salesman Problem Anjali Saxena*, Deptt. of Mathematical Sciences & Pearson Correlation Matrix for Avanish Kumar*, Computer Application, Bundelkhand Vitamins with Hematocrit 103 P. N. Shrivastava* University, Jhansi, U.P., India [email protected] Abhinav Department of Statistics, University of Association between Woman’s 104 Singh,Anuj Kumar Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, U.P., India Empowerment and Health Status Singh of Children G.P. Singh*, Department of Community Medicine, IMS, Population Projection using Anurag Verma*, & DST-CIMS, BHU, Varanasi, U.P., India Cohort Component Method 105 Abhinav Singh** Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad, U.P., India [email protected] Arvind Pandey Department of Statistics, Pachhunga Correlated Gamma Frailty Models University College, Aizawl-796001, Based on Reversed Hazard Rate 106 Mizoram, India [email protected] Peer Bilal Ahmad Department of Mathematics, Islamic On Bayesian Estimation Of 107 University of Science & Technology, Inflated Geeta Distribution

Awantipora, J&K, India [email protected] G.P. Singh*, Department of Community Medicine, IMS, Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling Anurag Verma*, & DST-CIMS, BHU, Varanasi, U.P., India for Population Projection 108 Abhinav Singh** Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., India V.K.Chaudhary Parmar University of Horticulture and Biostatistics and Applications 109 Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India [email protected] Pratyasha Tripathi Department of Statistics, University of Effect of Presence of One or More Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Outliers in the Estimation of 110 [email protected] Parameters of Type-I Extreme Value Distribution Prem Kumar Patel Research Scholar, PFA Institute of Research Biostatistics and Application in Uttar Pradesh, (An AWO under AWBI, Environmental Science Ministry of Environment, Forests and 111 Clamite Change Govt. of India), Allahabad, U.P., India [email protected] Raj Kumar Yadav Research Scholar, Department of Statistics, A Study of Migration Differentials Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi, in Eastern Uttar Pradesh 112 U.P., India [email protected] Ranjita Pandey*, Department of Statistics, University of Bayesian Inference for Errors in Anoop Delhi, India Variable Linear Dynamic Model 113 Chaturvedi** Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad, U.P., India [email protected] Ankita Sharma and Department of Statistics, University of Prevalence of Thyroid Disorder 114 V.K. Shivgotra Jammu , Jammu -180006, J&K, India among the Pregnant Women: A [email protected] Meta Analysis Shivam Jaiswal Research Scholar, University of Allahabad, Application of Biostatistics in 115 U.P., India Medical and Biological Sciences [email protected] Tanveer Ahmad Islamic University of Science and New Optimal Orthogonal Additive 116 Tarray Technology, Kashmir-192122, J&K, India Randomized Response Model [email protected] Sunit Kumar1, Dept. of Statistics, Jamshedpur Co- Estimation of size and duration of Prabhat Kumar operative college Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, Social Network by Stochastic 117 Singh2 India process [email protected] Imran Ahmad and Department of Community Medicine,, IMS, Socio-economic Differential in Prof. G.P. Singh BHU, Varanasi, U.P., India Breastfeeding Status and its 118 [email protected] Impact on Child Health. Evidence from India and Bangladesh. Tanuja Sriwastava Department of Statistics Approximate ML Estimation of the University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., Parameters of Johnson 119 India distribution [email protected] Manoj K. Department of Statistics Banaras Hindu Using Two Phase Sampling Chaudhary and University ,Varanasi, U.P., India Scheme in Estimating the Mean of 120 Saurabh Stratified Population under Non- Response 121 Shruti School of Sciences, UPRTOU, Allahabad, Effect of Migration on Fertility

U.P., India [email protected] Pramendra Singh Dept. of Statistics, Univ. of Allahabad, A New Algorithm for Handling the Pundir Allahabad -211002, U.P., India Random Bottleneck Assignment 122 Situations with Application in Health Services T. B. Singh, Div. of Biostatistics, IMS-BHU, Allahabad, Determinants of Birth weight Manideep U.P., India 123 Govindu, Parul [email protected] Puri [email protected] Neha Deptt. of Preventive Medicine, IMS, BHU, Comparative Study On Status Of Varanasi, U.P. India Sanitation Between India & Uttar 124 Pradesh

Neha Mishra1 Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, Assessment of Quality of Life 125 Vandana Verma1* U.P., India among Rural and Urban Elderly Population of North, India. Ravi Prakash Jha Ravi Prakash Jha and Sushrima Gan An application of Cox proportional and Division of Biostatistics, IMS, B.H.U., hazard model to assess the 126 Sushrima Gan Varanasi, U.P., India predictors of Child mortality in [email protected] India [email protected] G.P. Singh*, * Department of Community Medicine, Population Projection using Cohort Anurag Verma*, IMS, & DST-CIMS, BHU, Varanasi Component Method 127 Abhinav Singh** ** Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad

Jitendra Kumar* Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu Estimation Procedures in Presence and Sanjeev University, Varanasi-221005 of Progressively Type-II Censored 128 K.Tomer [email protected] Incomplete Competing Risk Data

Ankit Kaparwan Deptt. Of Statistics, H.N.B. Garwal Variance Reduction Technique for and V.S. Singh University (a Central University), Tihri, Network of Markovian Queue 129 Garwal, Uttrakhand, India [email protected] Rajwant Singh* Deptt. Of Statistics & DST0CIMS A New Procedure to propose Umesh Singh** BHU, Varanasi Distribtion & its application to Real 130 Sanjay K.Singh*** [email protected] Data & Dinesh Kumar Dipika Kumari Deptt. Of Statistics Some New Estimators for Lucknow University, Lucknow Estimating Finite Population 131 [email protected] Variance under Measurement Errors.

Krishna K. Pandey, Deptt. Of Statistics, BHU, Association of Child nutriational R.D. Singh. [email protected] statiscics: A Study on EAG State in 132 . Aassam.

Sheela Misra1 and Department of Statistics, University of On Estimation Of Finite Population Dharmendra Lucknow, Lucknow-226007 Mean In Presence Of Measurement 134 Kumar Yadav2 [email protected] , Errors [email protected]

Barada Shankar 1Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics Model Describing the Lactation Mohanty*1, Med and Information Technology, ICAR – Indian Curve of Purebred Red Sindhi Cows. Ram Verma1, Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Vijay Bahadur Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 135 Sharma1 and 2Central Cattle Breeding Farm, Chipilima, Pranab Roy2 Sambalpur, Odisha [email protected]

Allahabad City at a Glance Dr. Shruti1 & Dr. Gaurav Sankalp2

Allahabad also known as Prayag is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of Allahabad District, the most-populous district in the state. As of 2011, Allahabad is the seventh most-populous city in the state, fifteenth in the Northern India and thirty-sixth in India, with an estimated population of 1.11 million in the city and 1.21 million in its metropolitan region. In 2011, it was ranked the world's 130th fastest-growing city. Allahabad, in 2013, was ranked the third most livable city in the state and twenty-ninth in the country. The city's original name Prayaga, or "place of offerings" comes from its position at the Sangam (union) of the Ganges, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati Rivers. It is the second-oldest city in India, and plays a central role in Hindu scriptures. Allahabad was originally called Kaushambi (now a separate district) by the Kuru rulers of Hastinapur, who developed it as their capital. Since then, Allahabad has been a political, cultural and administrative centre of the Doab region. The Mugal emperor Akbar renamed Prayag, Allahabad, which the British changed to Allahabad. In 1833 it became the seat of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces region before its capital was moved to Agra in 1835.Allahabad became the capital of the North-Western Provinces in 1858, and was the capital of India for a day. Allahabad was the capital of the United Provinces from 1902 to 1920. Located in southern Uttar Pradesh, the city's metropolitan area covers 70.5 km (27.22 sq miles). Although the city and its surrounding area are governed by several municipalities, a large portion of Allahabad District is governed by the Allahabad City Council. The historic city of Allahabad is had many colleges, research institutions and central and state government offices. Allahabad has hosted cultural and sporting events, including Kumbh Mela and the Indira Marathon. Although the city's economy was built on tourism, most of its income now derives from real estate and financial services. If we explore the history of Allahabad the city was earlier known as Prayaga, a name still commonly used. Prayaga existed during the Vedic period, and is mentioned in the Veda as the location where Brahma (the Hindu creator of the universe) attended a ritual sacrifice. Excavations have revealed Northern Black Polished Ware dating to 600–700 BCE. The Puranas record that Yayati left Prayag and conquered the region of Saptha

1 Asst.Prof. (Statistics) & Public Relation Officer, School of Sciences, UPRTOU, Allahabad 2 Academic Consultant (Commerce) & Deputy Public Relation Officer, SoMS, UPRTOU, Allahabad

Sindhu. His five sons (Yadu, Druhyu, Puru, Anu and Turvashu) founded the main tribes of the Rigveda. Lord Rama, the protagonist of the Ramayana, spent time at the Ashram of Sage Bharadwaj before travelling to nearby Chitrakoot. When the Aryans first settled in what they called the Aryavarta (or Madhyadesha), Prayag (then Kaushambi) was an important part of their territory. The Kurus, rulers of Hastinapur (near present-day Delhi), established the town of Kaushambi near Prayag. They shifted their capital to Kaushambi when Hastinapur was destroyed by floods. The Doab region, which includes Allahabad, was controlled by a succession of empires and dynasties. The area became part of the Mauryan and Gupta Empires from the east and the Kushan Empire from the west before being governed by Kannauj during the 15th century. The city was the site of Maratha incursions before India was colonised. In 1765, the British established a garrison at Allahabad Fort. Prayag became a part of the Delhi Sultanate when it was annexed by Mohammad Ghori in 1193. Later, the Mugals took over from the slave rulers of Delhi and under them Prayag rose to prominence. Allahabad was a provincial capital in the Mugals Empire under the reign of Jahangir. Akbar built a fort on the banks of the sangam and renamed the settlement Allahabad (Persian for "place of a god") in 1575. In 1765, forces of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, Shuja-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Awadh and the Mugal emperor Shah Alam II lost the Battle of Buxar to the British; this was followed by the Treaty of Allahabad. Although the British did not yet establish direct rule, they saw Allahabad's strategic position and established a garrison in Akbar's fort. In 1801, the Nawab of Awadh ceded the city to the British East India Company. Gradually, the rest of the Doab and its adjoining western region in its west (including Delhi and Ajmer-Merwara) came under British rule. The northwestern area became a new presidency, the North Western Provinces of Agra, with its capital at Agra. Allahabad was an important part of the state. In 1834, the city became the governmental seat of Agra Province and a High Court was established; a year later, both were moved to Agra. Allahabad was a participant in the 1857 Indian Mutiny, when Maulvi Liaquat Ali unfurled the banner of revolt. During the rebellion Allahabad, with a number of European troops, was the scene of a massacre. After the mutiny the British established a high court, a police headquarters and a public-service commission in Allahabad, making the city an administrative center. They truncated the Delhi region of the state, merging it with the Punjab and moving the capital of the North-Western Provinces to Allahabad (where it remained for 20 years). In January 1858, Earl Canning departed Calcutta for Allahabad. That year he read Queen Victoria's proclamation, transferring control of India from the East India Company to the

British Crown (beginning the British Raj), in Minto Park. In 1877 the provinces of Agra and Awadh were merged to form the United Provinces, with Allahabad its capital until 1920. The 1888 session of the Indian National Congress was held in the city, and by the turn of the 20th century Allahabad was a revolutionary centre. Nityanand Chatterji became a household name when he hurled a bomb at a European club. In Alfred Park in 1931, Chandrashekhar Azad died when surrounded by British police. The Nehru family homes, Anand Bhavan and Swaraj Bhavan, were centers of Indian National Congress activity. During the years before independence Allahabad was home to thousands of satyagrahis led by Purushottam Das Tandon, Bishambhar Nath Pande, Narayan Dutt Tiwari and others. The first seeds of the Pakistani nation were sown in Allahabad. On 29 December 1930, Allama Muhammad Iqbal's presidential address to the All-India Muslim League proposed a separate Muslim state for the Muslim-majority regions of India. Allahabad is known as the "city of prime ministers" because seven out of 15 prime ministers of India since independence have connections to Allahabad (Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Gulzarilal Nanda, Vishwanath Pratap Singh and Chandra Shekhar). All seven leaders were either born there, were alumni of Allahabad University or were elected from an Allahabad constituency. Allahabad has been called the "literary capital of Uttar Pradesh", attracting visitors from East Asia; the Chinese travelers Huen Tsang and Fa Hien found a flourishing city in the fifth and seventh centuries, respectively. Allahabad remained at the forefront of national importance during the struggle for Indian independence. The city has a tradition of political graffiti which includes limericks and caricatures. In 1900, Saraswati first Hindi monthly magazine of India, was started by Chintamani Ghosh. Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, the doyen of modern Hindi literature, remained its editors from 1903 to 1920. The Anand Bhavan, built during the 1930s as a new home for the Nehru family when the Swaraj Bhavan became the local Indian National Congress headquarters, has memorabilia from the Gandhi-Nehru family. From its traditional glory to modern restructuring Allahabad had witness all shades and colours of time. Now developing as a smart city Allahabad had its own place in the world map.

University at a Glance Dr. G. K. Dwivedi3 & Dr. Shruti4

U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University, which has been established by the UP Act No. 10 of 1999 as passed by the Uttar Pradesh legislature. It is the one and only State Open University in Uttar Pradesh. This University was named after Bharat Rattan Rajarshi Purushottam Das Tandon, an illustrious son of India from Allahabad who made great sacrifices for the sake of our independence and dedicated himself to the cause of Hindi as a National Language. The jurisdiction of this University is entire state of Uttar Pradesh. The University has embossed a niche for itself among the premier academic institutions of open learning and distance education. This University conducts its academic activities through a diversity of means of distance and long-lasting education, and functions in cooperation with the existing Universities, Colleges and Institutions of higher learning, and makes full use of the infrastructure of these organizations. The courses offered by UPRTOU are recognized by the joint committee of UGC, AICTE and DEB. The University offers wide range of educational programmes related to general & professional education, training, research and extension work through open and distance learning. The University started functioning from the session 1999-2000 with 3481 distance learners. In the current session i.e. session 2015-2016 admissions are going on, were learner can take admission in 83 courses at more than 650 study centers & ten Regional centers. Since inception the cumulative strength is 3.7 lakh learners. At present there are ten regional centers of university located at Lucknow, Varanasi, Bareily, Gorakhpur, Allahabad, Agra, Ghaziabad, Meerut, Jhansi and Kanpur. The head quarter of the University is at Shantipuram Sector-F, Phaphamau, Allahabad which is equipped with good infrastructure facilities. The university main campus had a area of 15.34 acares. Objectives: The University endeavors to promote the dissemination of learning and knowledge through distance education system to a large segment of population of Uttar Pradesh with due regard to the objectives specified in the schedule of the University. Towards this end it shall; (i) Strengthen and diversify the degree, diploma and certificate courses and research programmes; (ii) Provide access to vocational higher education; (iii) Promote acquisition of knowledge in a rapidly developing and changing society. (iv) Provide an innovative system of University level education, flexible and open; (v) Contribute to the improvement of the educational system by providing a non-formal channel, (vi) Promote national integration and the integrated development of the human personality. The University shall strive to fulfill the above mentioned objectives by a diversity of means in cooperation with existing institutions of higher learning by making full use of the latest scientific knowledge and modern educational technologies. Vision & Mission:

3 Asst.Prof. (Education) & Incharge- ICT Cell, School of Education, UPRTOU, Allahabad 4 Asst.Prof. (Statistics) & Public Relation Officer, School of Sciences, UPRTOU, Allahabad

(1) To attain excellence in higher education through the distance mode. (2) To educate the youth of Uttar Pradesh in professional and vocational courses. (3) To 'reach the unreached' in society. (4) To enlighten the poor, the deprived and the disabled at their door-step. (5) To empower women with suitable short courses. (6) To assist the working class in improving the skill and academic qualifications. (7) Through a flexible educational system to provide benefit to - (i) Persons deprived of admission in the conventional universities of the state in attaining higher education. (ii) People engaged in business or agriculture. (iii) The aged and the physically handicapped who want to improve their qualifications. (iv) People living in rural and remote areas. (v) Women, especially housewives. (vi) People belonging to Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Backward Class. (vii) Prisoners desirous to get further education. (8) To become a virtual university. UPRTOU had three blocks Administrative block known as "Ganga Parisar", Academic block as "Saraswati Parisar" & the third Block as "Jamuna Parisar". In Ganga parisar administative offices are situated mainly V.C. office, Controller of Examination, Registrar, Finance, Admissions, SLM, Media Centre, Guest House, Bank, Post Office, Canteen, Health Care Center, V.C. Residence and Staff Building. "Sarawati Parisar" had ten Schools namely, Education, Management, Sciences, Social Sciences, Computer and Information sciences, Humanities, Agricultural Sciences, Health and Nutrition Sciences & Vocational. State Of Art Yagyavalkya Granthalaya, Gargi Sabhagaar, Lok Manya Tilak Shashartha Sabhagaar, Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya Convocation Ground, Research cell & Charkha Prayogshala. The new ERP-UMS had started functioning from 2015 where online admissions, Examination, Finance and SLM including all the administrative activity are done online. UPRTOU had a learner centric approach where all decision are taken keeping the learner in the nucleus. Admissions are given "Round the year Admission "with two sessions beginning "July & January". UPRTOU offers Ph.D, PG, UG, PG Diplomas, Diplomas, Certificates & Awareness programme. all courses are based on Choice Based Credit System (CBCS). Professionals courses offered by university are MBA, MCA, B.Ed, B.Ed(Spl), PGDFM, PGDMM, PGDHRM, PGDPM, PGDCA, PGDEM&FP, PGDRJMC & PGDJMC. For the proper work flow and quick actions on the policy there are different cells which are operating in the university namely SLM, DERC, Research, Student Welfare, Counseling, Placement, Grievance, Technical, Centre for Excellence, Distance Education Awareness, Maintance, Statistical & Innovation cells. Apart from this Public Relation office is newly constituted. Prevention of Sexual Harassment, Anti Ragging, Student Guidance, Environment Awareness and Green Audit & Foreign Student Advisory committees were formed to help students and all the stakeholders. Self Learning Materials are provided to each and every learner at his doorstep. University is trying to assure that a learner gets his SLM as soon as S/He takes admission. Study materials of various courses are available on the university website in e form. Learners can download the study material from website and study. University is also working to provide E Lectures of Eminent Scholars in various subjects to make learner avail rich knowledge. University

had signed a MOU with IIT Mumbai for skill training. Looc, MOOC will be soon operative for learners. Newly constructed State Of Art Yagyavalkya Granthalaya & Gargi Sabhagaar had more than thousands of national and international books. E-Library with major international and national journals are available for the students and faculty members. University had its own Guest house with A.C. rooms, Canteen & all modern facility. UPRTOU conducts examination twice a year in the month of December and June. The assessment is based on their assignment and terminal performance. From this year university is applying a special hallmark in the degree to stop its duplicity. University is also working to provide e-Mark sheet and e-Degree to students. University will provide result on grading system from the session 2015-16. Soon the university will start community college in which various skill based courses are being offered by the university mainly Advance Diplomas, Diploma, and certificate course in 62 skill based programme. Some of which are e -Commerce, Tourism & Hospitality Management, Fashion Technology, Textile Design & Technology, Interior Design, Nursing, Dairy Development, Service & Hospitality Management, e-Office Management, Business Law, Company Law, Foot ware Production Design, Yoga In Modern Life, Sales Management, E Library, Urdu Grammar etc. In the present globalised world UPRTOU is striding giant steps towards glory and wonderful future where it can provide a biggest platform for all the learners to avail knowledge and enhance their skills.

Schedule International Conference on Current Scenario and Prospects of Nanotechnology and Bio- Statistics 25th February, 2016

Date Time Programme Venue 9:00 am - 10:30 am Registration Saraswati Parisar

10:30 am - 11:30 am Inaugural Session Tilak Shashtrath Sabhagar

11:30 am- 12:00 noon Tea

12.00 noon - 01:30 pm Technical Session – I 25.02.16 Tilak Shashtrath Sabhagar (Thuresday) 01:30 pm - 02:00 pm Lunch 02:00 pm - 03:30 pm Technical Session – II Tilak Shashtrath Sabhagar 03:30 pm - 03:45pm Tea 03:45 pm - 05:00 pm Technical Session – III Tilak Shashtrath Sabhagar

26th February, 2016

Date Time Programme Venue

10:30 am - 11:45 am Technical Session – IV Tilak Shashtrath Sabhagar 11:45 am - 12:00 noon Tea

12.00 noon - 01:30 pm Technical Session – V Tilak Shashtrath Sabhagar

26.02.16 01:30 pm - 02:15 pm Lunch (Friday) 02:15 pm - 03:30 pm Technical Session – VI Tilak Shashtrath Sabhagar 03:30 pm - 04:30 pm Veledictory Session Tilak Shashtrath Sabhagar 04:30 pm - 05:00 pm Tea

Schedule (ICNB-2016) Technical Session Wise Presentation List Poster Presentation 20, 36, 47, 49, 52, 57, 62, 63, 67, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 130

Technical Session - I Prof. Avinash Chandra Pandey S. No. 14 - 35 Prof. Saber Mohamed Abd-Allah Technical Session - II Prof. Arvind Pandey S. No. 90 - 110 Prof. Anoop Chaturvedi Technical Session - III Prof. Syed Ibrahim Rizvi S. No. 36 - 55 Dr. Mrituanjay D. Pandey Technical Session - IV Prof. Bechan Sharma S. No. 56 - 75 Dr. Mrigendra Dubey Technical Session - V Prof. S. K. Upadhyay S. No. 111 - 135 Prof. B. B. Khare Technical Session - VI Dr. Kumud B. Mishra S. No. 76 - 89 Dr. Jay Singh

S.No Speaker Paper Title

1. Prof. Avinash C. Pandey Advanced Theragnostics 2. Prof. Saber Md. Abd-Allah Applications of Nanoparticles on Animal Biotechnology 3. Prof. Arvind Pandey Trends of Infant Mortality in India: Some Statistical Issues 4. Prof. Anoop Chaturvedi Classification & Dimension Reduction Tools in Bioinformatics: Application of Principal Component Analysis & Cluster Analysis 5. Prof. Syed Ibrahim Rizvi Anti Aging Interventions: Possible Role Of Plant Polyphenols 6. Dr. Mrituanjay D. Pandey RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN FLUORESCENCE SENSORS 7. Prof. Bechan Sharma Nanoparticles as prospective regimen against anti HIV-1/AIDS 8. Dr. Mrigendra Dubey Multifunctional Metallogels: An approach Towards Applications 9. Prof. S. K. Upadhyay Bayesian Modeling- A few Important Bio-Statistical Problems 10. Prof. B. B. Khare Biostatistics and its application in Biosciences 11. Dr. Kumud B. Mishra Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: Current and Future Perspectives

12. Dr. Jay Singh Electro-catalytic Determination of H2O2 based on CuO/PANI Nanocomposite

INVITED TALK

Applications of Nano particles on Animal Biotechnology

Saber Mohamed Abd-Allah Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt [email protected]

Nanotechnology in animal biotechnology is a growing and flourishing field for research and development. The novel properties that emerge as materials reach the nanoscale open the door to innovations in animal biotechnology. Nanoparticles are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles have a tremendous potential to revolutionize agriculture and livestock sector. It can provide new tools for animal biotechnology which will allow researchers to handle biological materials such as reproductive cells in minute quantities usually nano-liters. The unique size-dependent properties of nanoparticles make these particles superior and indispensable in many areas of animal biotechnology such as in vitro fertilization technique and in vitro embryo production. The aim of this review is to give reader a historic prospective of nanomaterial application to animal biotechnology and try to overview the most recent developments in this field. Also, this review focuses on effect of nanoparticles on antioxidant activity and spermatogenesis process in testicular tissues. Also, this review focus on the potential benefits, threats, and challenges of nanoparticles in animal reproductive organs (ovaries and testes) and the brief review tries to summarise the most recent developments in the field of applied nanoparticles, in particular their application in reproductive cells and discusses their commercialization prospects.

Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: Current and Future Perspectives

Kumud B. Mishra Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic [email protected]

Fluorescence emissions of chlorophyll as well as of epidermal constituents are well established reporter signals of plant stress. Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) emission is highly dynamic, represents various steps in photosynthetic reactions, and responds quickly to changes in photochemical and non - photochemical processes, occured in and across the thylakoid membrane of the plant chloroplasts. We have been using ChlF as a probe for sensing perturbations in photosynthesis and demonstrated its importance in measuring cold and

drought acclimation induced regulations of photosynthesis, and in investigation of photoinhibition tolerance for bio-sensing applications. We have contributed in developing a new pattern-recognition based combinatorial technique for the analyses of sequence of time- resolved ChlF images. New experimental protocols and strategy for measuring highly important plant traits, e.g., drought and cold tolerance at high-throughput scale, and how this method can contribute in emerging research area of plant phenotyping, will be presented therein.

Anti Aging Interventions: Possible Role Of Plant Polyphenols

Syed Ibrahim Rizvi Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad – 211002, India [email protected] ROS generated as a consequence of aerobic metabolism creates a constant source of damage to biomolecules. The oxidative stress theory of aging rests on the evidence that oxidative damage increases with age, accumulating over time and contributing to age-related functional decline. Despite the lack of unequivocal evidence, it is a reasonable hypothesis that augmenting antioxidant defense, up to a certain limit, may contribute to a healthy lifespan. We have previously shown that the plasma antioxidant potential in humans decreases as a function of age and that there are compensatory mechanisms operating in the body which are induced to maintain the antioxidant capacity during aging. Tea catechins, resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin are known to have antioxidant property. We have carried out studies to evaluate the antioxidant effect of these polyphenols on markers of oxidative stress known to be affected during normal aging and in accelerated aging model of rats. Overall the results suggest that polyphenols contribute to augmentation of antioxidant defense. We have also tested the in vivo effect of black tea infusion on oxidative stress markers in rats as a function of age. Results show that the plasma antioxidant potential of rats is augmented after black tea supplementation, the effect is more pronounced in older rats. The age-dependent oxidative stress (lipid and protein oxidation: MDA, -SH, AOPP, carbonyl, and PMRS) is lower in rats supplemented with black tea extract. We hypothesize that a higher intake of green or black tea may help to augment plasma antioxidant potential in elderly subjects and thus delay oxidative alterations.

Nanoparticles As Prospective Regimen Against Antihiv-1/AIDS

Bechan Sharma Prof. & Head, Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, UP India; [email protected]

Virus infections specially human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) pose significant global health challenges because of emergence of resistant variants of viral strains. The prolonged use of antiHIV-1 medications including the regimens such as competitive, non-competitive HIV-1

Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) which includes antiprotease and antiintegrase leads to onset of toxicity. It generates a challenge towards chemotherapy. Hence there is an urgent need for the development of safe, effective and potent alternatives with cost effective drugs. In the present scenario, nanoscale materials have emerged as novel antiviral agents for the possibilities offered by their unique chemical and physical properties. Several nanoparticles have been recently prepared and reported for their antimicrobial and antiHIV-1 potential. The use of nanoparticles provides an interesting opportunity for novel antiviral therapies. Since metals may attack a broad range of targets in the virus there is a lower possibility to develop resistance as compared to conventional antivirals. The present paper focuses a recent account of development and efficacy evaluation of such nanoparticles against HIV-1 which would be relatively safer and more potential on the antiviral therapeutics.

Best Fit Fuzzy Regression Model Based On Distance Criteria

S.L. Sananse Prof. & Head, Dept. of Statistics, Dr. B. A. M. University, Aurangabad-431004(M.S) INDIA [email protected]

Fuzzy regression analysis is originally developed by H. Tanaka to study the relation between explanatory variables and responses in fuzzy environment. Regression analysis is widely applied in the different field’s viz. Agriculture, Economic, industries, Social Sciences. Regression analysis is used to estimate significant effect of rainfall on crop production. In this paper an attempt has been made to present that when data are uncertainty in the crop yield problem that time we have to use fuzzy regression to estimate parameters by using different fuzzy regression methods. We have selected Aurangabad Region from Maharashtra, then three districts are select viz Aurangabad, Jalna, and Beed. The Kharif Soybean is major crop grown in Aurangabad region. We have used three fuzzy regression methods for estimating parameters such as Chaing Kao and Chin-Lu Chyu method, Kim, Bishu’s method and Diamond method. We have compared these methods based on distance criteria. The results indicated that Diamond least square method is best fit on the basis of minimum distance criterion than other Chaing Kao and Chin-Lu and Kim and Bishu’s method. Keywords: Multiple linear Regressions, Defuzzification Fuzzy least square, fuzzy set, Distance Criteria, fuzzy regression Mode.

Advanced Theragnostics

Avinash C. Pandey Nanotechnology Application Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India. [email protected]

Multifunctional nanocrystals have emerged as cutting edge vehicle for the targeted imaging and therapy of prevailing diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis and diabetes etc. Though first generation nanoparticles were rather nonspecific, newer generations have been targeted to specific cell via different affinity ligands. In the same pursuit, in this talk, I shall cover the different biomedical applications of nanomaterials prepared in our laboratory. We have demonstrated that when nanomagnets are employed in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a high contrast of cancerous tumor images in mice is revealed. Upon concentrating the nanomagnets with the use of external magnetic field, the MRI showed extraordinary details of the tumor. The rare earth based novel luminescent nanomagnets were synthesized for the first time. These novel luminescent nanomagnets were functionalized with folic acid as a ligand for several over expressed folate receptors on cancer cells and methotrexate (MTX) as a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. MTX is a chemotherapeutic drug that can target many cancer cells whose surfaces are over expressed by folate receptors. Drug release experiments demonstrated that MTX was cleaved from the nanoparticles under low pH conditions mimicking the intracellular conditions in the Lysosome. In-vitro studies of the nanomagnets modified with cytosine show better accumulation of blood platelets as compared to unmodified one posing them a potential candidate for platelet isolation from the plasma for different applications and a way for easy separation and simultaneous visualization of blood platelets from the mice-blood platelet rich plasma is proposed. The low-temperature synthesis of quantum size gadolinium monosulfide nanoparticles has been achieved and their pathogen capture efficiency has been demonstrated. Furthermore, a novel procedure for visible detection and separation of thiols and disulfides has been described. These functionalized luminescent magnetic nanoparticles could be used for labelling and manipulating biomolecules, in vivo as site specific drug delivery agents, sensing, cell sorting, bio-separation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as hyperthermia treatment. These functionalized luminescent nanomagnets with strong magnetic moment and magnetic anisotropy make them one of the most feasible candidates for simultaneous use in bio-imaging and targeted drug delivery and seize great potential in bio-medical applications, underlying the importance of the current work. On the other hand, we present an effortless novel route of synthesizing MD-bf-G at large scale. Further we will demonstrate how easily MD-bf-G could be transformed into nano scrolls opening another dimension for drug delivery. A novel methanol derived graphene (MDG) and gentamicin sulfate nanohybrid was prepared, and the loading and release behaviour of gentamicin on MDG is investigated. An efficient drug loading of 2.57 mg mg−1 was obtained at pH 7. By applying release kinetic models, the mechanism of release of the drug from the MDG matrix was found to be following the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. However, the diffusional release exponent (n) value lies below 0.5 demonstrating that the mechanism controlling the drug release is the Fickian diffusion.

Trends of Infant Mortality in India: Some Statistical Issues

Arvind Pandey Director, National Institute of Medical Statistics, ICMR, New Delhi [email protected]

The scientific advancement in the medical field in the latter half of the 20th century have an explicit impact in the reduction of mortality, particularly in the infant and child mortality through controlling many dreaded diseases. In the early decades of this century, most of the countries had a high level of general as well as infant and child mortality, but in due course of time it reduced to a significant level. However, the level of infant and child mortality remained high in many countries, particularly in developing countries. The present paper discusses issues related to data and methods of estimation of the level and trends in India. It also highlights the factors associated to infant deaths in the population. It uses data from the Sample Registration System (1981-2010). A time series structure analysis is carried out by applying the autoregressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) model to the IMR to forecast beyond 2016. On estimates side, highest decline in IMR has been witnessed during 1978–83 (22 infant deaths per 1000 live births) followed by 19 infant deaths per 1000 live births during 1988–93 and 12 infant deaths per 1000 live births during 1998-2003. The lowest decline of only 2 infant deaths per 1000 live births was observed during 1993–98. Comparison of the levels and trends of components of infant mortality rate (early neonatal, late neonatal and post-neonatal) from 1981-86 to 2003-2008 reveals a marked drop in late neonatal and post-neonatal between 1981- 86 and 1999-2005. During this period the late neonatal reduced by around 50 percent. The percent decline in non-southern states has been greater in states with relatively higher levels of neonatal mortality during 1981-86. It is for such variations, India has missed the MDG4 goal to reduce U5MR of less than 39 by 2015.

Bayesian Modelling-A Few Important Biostatistical Problems

Prof. S K Upadhyay Prof. and Head, Dept. Of Statistics, BHU, Varanasi, U.P., India [email protected]

Medical data may be made available in a variety of ways often depending on the intended objectives of the experimenter. This talk focuses on few such problems and proposes convenient modeling with reference to Bayes analysis. The objective also includes providing appropriate solutions for the choice of hyperparameters in the associated prior distributions. The discussion is throughout supported with real data illustrations.

Biostatistics and its application in bio sciences

Prof. B. B. Khare Department Of Statistics Institute of Science, B. H. U., Varanasi.

The application of statistical methods in different branch of sciences is widely being used by the researchers. It has become necessary to use the statistical tools suitable in different type of experiments conducted in bio-sciences. The statistical methods and their application in different fields of bio-sciences under different situations are widely discussed.

Classification and Dimension Reduction Tools in Bioinformatics: Application of Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

Anoop Chaturvedi Prof. & HeadDepartment of Statistics, Allahabad University, Allahabad, U.P. India [email protected]

Molecular Biology research evolves through the development of the technologies used for carrying them out. It is not possible to research on a large number of genes using traditional methods. DNA Microarray is one such technology which enables the researchers to investigate and address issues which were once thought to be non traceable. One can analyze the expression of many genes in a single reaction quickly and in an efficient manner. As the microarray technology involves examination of giant clusters of genes hence the dataset thus produced is very large. The types and numbers of application of microarray dataset are quite variable and constantly increasing. But without the usage of statistical tools and techniques microarray dataset is merely a huge matrix of data points. Hence use of statistical methods proves to be very effective for extracting useful information from such large and noisy datasets. The objective of present talk is to elaborate some of the statistical techniques useful in analyzing micro-array data including principal component analysis and different clustering techniques.

Recent Development in Fluorescence Sensors

Mrituanjay D. Pandey Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science & Technology, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University Sagar, 470003, M.P., India. [email protected]

Development of fluorescence sensors with better selectivity and sensitivity is a challenging task for researchers. Current work involves development of novel ratiometric fluorescent probes (AIE, ESPIT, C=N isomerization) for metal ions. Presence of diverse functional units in the ligand sensors carries different magnitude and nature of interactions towards metal ions in biochemical pathway. The intensity/band shift with a function of sensing potential facilitated our interpretation.

Electro-catalytic Determination of H2O2 based on CuO/PANI Nanocomposite

Jay Singh1*Alkesh Kumarir1, D. Kumar1*, 1Department of Applied Chemistry & Polymer Technology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India [email protected]

The present work deals with synthesis of sol-gel derived copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles grafted in to polyaniline (PANI) conductive as the organic-inorganic hybrid materials for the determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). PreparedCuOnanoparticles were dispersed in PANI solution as the organic-inorganic hybrid matrix for the electro-catalytic activity towards H2O2. The CuO-PANI composite film delivered the perfunctory strength offered by the inorganic CuOnanoparticles with flexible binding sites provided by the organic conducting polymer (PANI) solution by the ultra-sonication. The phase identification, elemental composition, surface morphology and optical performance of prepared CuO and CuO-PANI composite film has been investigated through XRD, FT-IR, SEM, AFM, TEM, EDS, UV-Vis, and PL techniques. The sensor was fabricated by electrochemically deposition of CuO-PANI matrix onto the indium tin-oxide

(ITO) glass electrode and the performance towards electro-oxidation of H2O2was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric techniques. The result of electrochemical studies shows rapid response time (20 sec), high sensitivity 31.72μA/mMcm2, linearity (2-22 mM), standard deviation (0.02189) and low detection limit (4.7 mM). The wide detection range and high sensitivity may be assigned to the amplification of the magnitude of current response since the presence of CuO nanostructures in PANI matrix and its good conducting nature improves the electron transfer between analyte (hydrogen peroxide) and CuO-PANI/ITO electrode surface. The results clearly suggest that CuO-PANI nanocomposite electrode provides an attractive matrix for impregnation of metal-oxide nanoparticles and an improved non-enzymatic sensor for the electrochemical studies

Key Words: CuOnanoparticles,PANI, H2O2, electrochemical studies Reference 1. Gholivand, M. B.; Heydari, H.; Abdolmaleki, A.; Hosseini, H., Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 2015,30, 157-161. 2. Rahman Khan, M. M.; Wee, Y. K.; Mahmood, W. A. K., Synthetic Metals 2012,162 (13–14), 1065-1072.

Multifunctional Metallogels: An Approach Towards Applications

Mrigendra Dubey Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, U.P. India [email protected], [email protected] Home page: http://www.iitbhu.ac.in/apc/md00.html

The gels have attracted immense current interest because of their potential application in diverse areas.1 Especially, the coordination based gels may exhibits the unique properties such as morphology, optical, colour, rheology, magnetism, adsorption, emission, catalytic activity and redox behavior due to the presence of metal ion.2,3 Considering the points, we have been involved in synthesis of chiral metallogels and exploration of their properties. For example- (1)

Three chiral structural (positional) isomers have been synthesized by varying the –NO2 group position by molecular engineering on L-tartaric acid. In presence of LiOH, isomer 1 forms a red colored gel which exhibits interesting morphology, anomalous optical and rheological properties (Figure). Notably, isomer 2 and 3 produce different results under similar conditions. The anomalous color displayed by gel as well as distinct gelation behavior of the structural isomer 2 and 3 attracted our attention to explore gel as a good candidate for charge transfer studies

(Figure D & E). The position of the –NO2 not only tuned gelation but, also, optical properties (Figure D). Further, the role of alkali metal ion behind charge transfer and aggregation was attested by the detailed titration experiments with crown ether (Figure E).

Figure: (A) Gel in inverted vial, SEM images of xerogel with (B) LiOH, (C) NaOH; UVvis titration spectra of gelator with (D) LiOH and (E) removal of K+ by Crown ether.

References 1. M. M. Piepenbrock, G. O. Lloyd, N. Clarke, J. W. Steed, Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 1960. 2. M. Dubey, A. Kumar, D. S. Pandey, Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 1675. 3. M. Dubey, A. Kumar, R. K. Gupta, D. S. Pandey, Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 8144.

Characterizations of Co3O4 Nanostructure Synthesized by Solvothermal Method

1Manish Srivastava*, 2Neha Srivastava 1Department of Physics & Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU),Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India [email protected]

In this work we synthesized Co3O4 nanostructure through solvothermal method. The synthesized products are further characterized by various techniques including, X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectroscopy, reveals the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure. Field emission scanning electron microscope shows that the Co3O4 nanostructure formed a hierarchical spherical structure. The magnetic properties of synthesized product have also been investigated at room temperature through vibrating sample magnetometer which suggests that the Co3O4 nanostructure possesses weak ferromagnetic characteristics. Acknowledgements MS acknowledges the DST, Government of India for a DST-INSPIRE Fellowship [IFA13- MS-02] 2014. Author N.S. thankfully acknowledges to DST, New Delhi, India for providing the Women scientist-B fellowship (SEED/DISHA/WOSB/047/2012/G) and department of chemical engineering and technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, India.

ABSTRACTS OF DELEGATES

Research in Molecular Genetics in Human Beings Samish Gupta, Anoop Srivastava and Pankaj Srivastava Institute of Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University, China [email protected]

Molecular genetics is the field of biology and genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level. The study of chromosomes and gene expression of an organism can give insight into heredity, genetic variation, and mutations. This is useful in the study of developmental biology and in understanding and treating genetic diseases. Gene amplification is a procedure in which a certain gene or DNA sequence is replicated many times in a process called DNA replication. The main genetic components of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are DNA nucleotides, template DNA, primers and Taq polymerase. DNA nucleotides make up the DNA template strand for the specific sequence being amplified, primers are short strands of complementary nucleotides where DNA replication starts, and Taq polymerase is a heat stable enzyme that jump- starts the production of new DNA at the high temperatures needed for reaction. Cloning is the process of creating many identical copies of a sequence of DNA. The target DNA sequence is inserted into a cloning vector. Because this vector originates from a self-replicating virus, plasmid, or higher organism cell when the appropriate size DNA is inserted the "target and vector DNA fragments are then ligated“ and create a recombinant DNA molecule. Keywords: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , amplification,Cloning

Synergistic effect of Mangifera indica and Azadirachta indica extract on Streptozotocin-induced wistar rats Abubakar Mohammed*1,2 and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi2 1Department of Biochemistry, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad [email protected]

It is of common place in the Indian, Nigerian and other traditional medicinal system all over the world to use decoction of multiple plants for the management and treatment of serious ailments diabetes inclusive. Mangifera indica (MI) and Azadirachta indica (AI) are frequently used as composite in the management of diabetes in Nigeria. The aim of

the study of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic action of MI and AI extracts independently and as a combination of both (50:50) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. The leaf extracts of the two medicinal plants, independently and in combinations, were comparatively assessed in wistar rats. Ethanolic extracts of MI and AI were administered individually 400 mg/kg body weight and as a composite (400 mg/kg body weight, 50:50) to diabetic rats and normal rats for a period of 28 days with constant measuring of blood glucose levels and weight. At the end of the experimental period erythrocyte GSH, the activity of the erythrocyte PMRS, erythrocyte MDA, plasma sialic acid level, the total antioxidant potential of the plasma (FRAP), and AOPP were estimated. The results obtained from the study indicated that the composite extract of MI and AI normalise the indicators of oxidative stress, lowers the blood glucose and the weight of the rats in the treated group increased significantly. This study demonstrated that the use of composite extract of MI and AI enhanced the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity; validating its use by the traditionalist. This action could be as a result of the ability of the extracts to attenuate oxidative stress.

Alteration in Redox Balance in a Rat Model of Accelerated Aging Manoj Kumar Chaudhary1 & Syed Ibrahim Rizvi2 1Janaki Medical College, Ramdaiya Bhawadi, Dhanusha, Nepal 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India [email protected]

Aims and Objective: Sustained damage inflicted by endogenously produced oxidants and decreased antioxidant defense has been strongly implicated as the cause of aging and age-related diseases. Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a clinical condition of human with phenotype resembling severe premature aging and death due to myocardial infarction at average 13-14 of years of ageon average. Dihydrotachysterol, the irradiation product of vitamin D, is widely used in the treatment of hypocalcaemic hypoparathyroidism following surgical removal of parathyroids in human. Chronic intoxication of dihydrotachysterol (DHT) in rats has been reported to produce premature aging and progeria like syndrome. The present study is aimed to assess the alteration in redox balance in plasma and erythrocytes during premature aging syndrome resulting due to dihydrotachysterol and their relevance in relation to normal aging. Materials and methods: Young male Wistar rats were treated with Dihydrotachysterol (DHT), (50 µg in corn oil for thirty days) to induce experimental progeria. Studies on

biomarkers of oxidative stress including Erythrocyte plasma membrane redox system (PMRS), Erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH), erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (MDA) antioxidant capacity of plasma (FRAP) and plasma advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) was performed and compared with young, middle aged and old control rats. Result: Experimental progeria like syndrome was found to be associated with significantly higher levels of MDA, AOPP, and PMRS whereas GSH, and FRAP activity was significantly decreased when compared to young treated rats but these values were comparable with middle and old age rats. Conclusion: The study concludes that accelerated aging accompanied during progeria like syndrome in rats is associated with redox imbalance in erythrocytes and blood plasma.

Treatment of Waste Water by Some selected Materials in Nano-size Manju Department of Chemistry, T.D.P.G. College, Jaunpr (U.P.) [email protected]

The current millennium is facing a very serious threat for the existence of life of living and the non-living world due to endangered water fit, for drinking, bathing, washing, industries, and agri-agro activities. The traditional tools and technologies for water treatment have no potential to meet the demands in quality and quantity. Water with differential qualities are required for different purposes with increasing demands in a geometrical progression. To face such an abusive situation an attempt has been made to select some materials in nano-size to treat the waste water for various applications and their efficiencies have been compared with the same materials in the normal size.

Estimation of Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Liquid Mixtures Using Sound Velocity and Density Data on the Basis of Flory’s Statistical Theory and Empirical Relations J.D. Pandey, Vinay Sanguri, Rupali Sethi Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad – 211002 [email protected]

Flory’s statistical theory has been employed to calculate the thermal expansion coefficient (α), isothermal compressibility (βT), heat capacity at constant pressure (CP), adiabatic compressibility (βS), sound velocity (u), internal pressure (Pi) heat capacity

ratio (γ), heat capacity at constant volume (CV) and pseudo Gruneisen parameter (Г) of Oxalane + Aniline, Oxalane +Methyl aniline, Oxalane + Ethyl aniline mixture at 298.15 K over a wide range of composition. The results are compared with the experimental findings of the literature. In addition, we have also employed to compute the above thermodynamic properties of the mixture under present investigation from the sound velocity and the density data on the basis of recently developed empirical relations from

α and βT in terms of u and density (ρ). Keywords Liquid Mixtures, Flory Theory, Empirical Relation, Sound Velocity

Nanomaterials and Detection of Food Pathogen Uma Rani Agrawal1 and Shubhra Malviya2 1Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, CMP Degree College 2Department of Zoology, S S Khanna Degree College, University of Allahabad-211002 Umar_agrawal2rediffmail.com,[email protected]

Food safety draws considerable attention in the present time owing to rapid changes food recipes and food habits. Several food borne diseases are caused by consuming foods or beverages contaminated by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and parasites. Raw meat, milk, seeds and vegetables may be the source of bacteria, which are transferred through cross contamination during food preparation, reaching the food supply chain. There are several bacterial species, viruses and protozoa that are transmitted through food consumption. The most common food borne infections are caused by Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Besides the illness, a large amount of money is spent on both analyses and control measures, which causes significant loss to the food industry. Thus, the development of rapid, sensitive, specific and cost effective analytical method is of great importance for detection of microbial contaminants. Conventional methods for detecting pathogens include microscopy, nucleic acid-, and immunoassay based techniques which are time consuming, laborious and requiring certain sophisticated instruments. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for detection of food borne pathogens. The scientists are developing small, inexpensive, nanomaterials-based devices that can simultaneously snag and tag pathogens. Several nanomaterials commonly used for detection of food borne pathogens and toxins include gold nanoparticles (GNPs), gold nanorods, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), quantum dots (QDs), silver nanoparticles (SNPs), and silica nanoparticles.

Nanomaterial-based sensors involve binding or reaction of biological components with target species and transforming eventually into detectable signals. And when added to a food sample, the material has unique electrical, optical and magnetic properties that make them easy to detect food contaminants, even in small amount, and ensuring food safety for prompt preventive action. Putting all these elegant nanomaterials- based detection scheme into a neat sensor package is the next challenge for this still-nascent research community.

Models for the Effect of a Toxicant on a Biological Species

Alok Agrawal, Piyush Kumar Tripathi & Suyash Narayan Mishra Amity University, Uttar Pradesh Lucknow [email protected], [email protected] & [email protected]

The biological species is affected by a toxicant which may be emitted from some external source or may even be discharged into the environment by the species itself. In this paper a mathematical model for the effect of a toxicant on a biological species is proposed and analyzed on a biological species living in the environment.

Determination of Different Parameter of River Ganges from Gangotri to Allahabad Durgesh Nandini Goshwami, Alok Mishra, GhanShyam Mani Mishra & Ashutosh Yadav Chemistry Department, Nehru Gram Bharti University, Allahabad [email protected]

The present work deals with the determination of the physicochemical parameters (pH, DO, TDS, EC, Turbidity etc.) Major cations (Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++) Major anions ( , , , , , ) and trace elements like (Zn, Cu, Cl, Pb, CO, Si, Al) etc contains in water as well as sediments of the river Ganga. Water samples and sediments were collected from the selected locations from Gangotri to Allahabad and for the analysis. naturally and anthropogenic occuring radioactive, substances like Uranium, Thorium and their decay product K40,H3 and Cs137 were also measured from water samples. Collection Sites are : Gangotri,Nandprayag,Karanprayag,Devprayag,Rudraprayag,Rishikesh, Haridwar, Narora, Kanpur, Allahabad. I am thankful to BRNS ,DAE for financial support. The results obtained and conclusions drawn based on the results will be discussed during presentation of the paper.

Comparison of Survivability of the Blue Green Algae Oscillatoria Limosa and O. Animalis at Different Concentrations of Sewage Water Mala Pathak Department of Botany, E.C.C., University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India [email protected]

Oscillatoria animalis (sewage-water algae) survived and grew longer and better in sewage-water (more in 100 % sewage-water than in diluted sewage-water 25, 50 and 75%). O. animalis survived and grew least in pond-water indicating that it was habitual of growing in sewage-water. However, survivability and growth of O. limosa was inhibited in presence of any of all concentration of sewage-water and occurred best in pond-water. O. limosa is sensitive to sewage-water than O. animalis. Key words - Oscillatoria, sewage water.

Nanotechnology: Scope and Application in Plant Disease Management Preeti Singh Department of Botany, S. S. Khanna Girls Degree College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad [email protected]

Nanotechnology for the control of plant diseases is a promising technique in plant pathology either by providing controlled delivery of functional molecules or as diagnostic tool for disease detection, an important step in plant disease management. Nanoparticles are highly stable and are biodegradable; it can be successfully employed in production of nanocapsules for delivery of pesticides, fertilizers, and other agrochemicals. Nanoparticles are smaller in size with more charge and larger surface area with higher stability and solubility, so they behave differently from their bulk sized counterparts. Nanoparticles may act upon pathogens in a way similar to chemical pesticides or the nanomaterials can be used as carrier of active ingredients of pesticides, host defence inducing chemicals, etc. to the target pathogens. Because of ultra small size, nanoparticles may hit/target virus particles and may open a new field of virus control in plants. The disease diagnosis, pathogen detection and residual analysis may become much more precise and quick with the use of nanosensors. This paper is focused on the scope and applications of nanotechnology in plant disease management in future crop production.

Prospects of Nanotechnology Applications in Agriculture Prem Prakash Dubey Director, School of Agricultural Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University Allahabad, India [email protected]

The current challenges of sustainability, food security and climate change are engaging researchers in exploring new fields of technology as potential source of key improvements for the agricultural sector. Nanotechnology based products and its applications in agriculture is the latest innovation in this regards. Nano materials include nano-fertilizers, nano-agrochemicals, nano-medicines, nano-sensors etc. which are used in crop production, veterinary care, fisheries and aquaculture, detection of nutrient deficiencies, preservation, photo catalysis etc. This fast growing technology is already having a significant commercial impact which will increase in future. While nanotechnologies offer many opportunities for innovation, the use of nanomaterials in food and agriculture has also raised a number of safety, environmental, ethical, policy and regulatory issues. However, concrete contributions of nanotechnology in agriculture are still uncertain. Despite the numerous potential advantages of nanotechnology and the growing trends in publications and patents, agricultural applications have not yet made it to the market. Several factors could explain the scarcity of commercial applications. Industry experts stress that agricultural nanotechnology does not demonstrate a sufficient economic return to counterbalance the high initial production investments. Keywords: Nanotechnology; Agriculture; Innovation; Bioeconomy; Regulation; Consumer perception

Nanotechnology Application in Everyday Life Neelam Bajpai Assistant Professor, Zoology Department, Mahamaya Govt Degree College, Kaushambi [email protected]

Nanotechnology is a new Science which has innumerable applications in day to day life, including consumer goods, electronics, medicines, environment improvement, sports good, food industry etc. Nanotechnology is the Science and Technology of very small things which are less than 100 nanometres in size. In today’s era, nanotechnology has become increasingly important because nanoparticles due to their small size proved to

be more efficient and stable tool. For instance, carbon nanotubes provide better standard of food storage by inhibiting the microbes growth, nanosensors and nanofilters offer the prospect of clean and healthy environment, in electronics field nanoelectronics devices can be expanded by reducing their weight and power consumption, in consumer products nanotechnology is present from clothing’s to skin lotions- silver nanoparticles used in fabrics kills bacteria making cloths odour resistant. Therefore, research efforts are developing world wide nanoproducts for the improvement of our life.

Effect of Vitamin C on Osmotic Fragility in Type 2 Diabetes Neetu Mishra 1, Swati Agarwal 2 and Preetima Singh Centre of Food Technology, University of Allahabad-211002 [email protected], [email protected]

Diabetes has become global epidemic. In diabetes free radical generation rate increases leading to oxidative stress which makes the cell more fragile and reduce their expected life span. Greater the oxidative stress greater is the osmotic fragility i.e., a measure of the strength of the red blood cells.This study was conducted with a purpose to see the effect of vitamin C on osmotic fragility in diabetes and to improve life span of RBCs.

Human volunteers (n1 = 31) of sound health in the age group of 56 ± 8 years and having fasting blood glucose level 85 ± 14 mg/dl with no evidence of any clinical abnormality were used as control. The BMI of these subjects was in the range of 24.8 ± 3.8 kg/ m2. None of the controls had family history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension from last two generations. Diabetic patients (n2=31)were in the mean age group of 56 ± 8 years with fasting blood glucose of 183±42 mg/dl and BMI 27±4 Kg/m2. Mean total plasma cholesterol was recorded 209±50 mg/dl and the duration of diabetes was 12 ± 5 years. None of the patients had high blood pressure or microalbuminuria. Care was also taken to exclude patients who had a family history of hypertension. Fasting blood was taken both from control and diabetic subjects after informed consent. Whole blood (heparinised) of diabetic patients were incubated with antioxidant and insulin, non- diabetic blood were incubated with glucose.Paired t-test was applied for the testing of proposed hypothesis with a pre defined level of significance at 0.05%, SPSS ver. 16.0 and M. S. Excel was used for the statistical analysis. It was observed that osmotic fragility decreased significantly (p>0.05) of diabetic patients with vitamin C and insulin treatment while increased significantly on giving glucose treatment to non-diabetic individuals. It may therefore be concluded that incorporation of vitamin C in daily diet may decrease osmotic fragility thereby decreasing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant levels in diabetic patients.

Key words- Diabetes, Antioxidant, Osmotic fragility, Vitamin C, Insulin, Glucose.

Water Soluble Carbon Nanoparticles from Sucrose and Its Bioimaging Applications Prashant Dubey* Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies (IIDS), University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002 (INDIA), [email protected]

Fluorescent carbons nanostructures (FCNs) constitutes a class of carbon nanostructures which include carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon nano- onions (CNOs), carbon nano-diamonds (CNDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs).1 These nanostructures have been attractive area of research in recent time due to excellent properties compared to conventional metal based quantum dots especially for bioimaging, drug delivery applications. Among various exciting properties, FCNs show strong and variable photoluminescent (PL) properties, significantly good quantum yield, biocompatibility, low-toxicity and excellent aqueous solubility and stability.2 There are many synthetic methods known for the synthesis of FCNs in literature either via top- down or bottom-up approach. Considering the importance of such material for wide applications, simple, large scale and low cost synthesis of FCNs along with controlled size distribution is an important area of research3, In this presentation, we report a simple and large scale cost effective synthesis of water soluble CNPs (wsCNPs) using common and green chemical like sucrose. We have utilized ambient pyrolysis under insufficient amount of oxygen to synthesize raw carbon soot. The carbon shoot was purified sequentially by soxhlet apparatus using toluene, methanol and DI water. The purified shoot was further treated with nitric acid under conventional, hydrothermal as well as microwave exposure. The synthesized wsCNPs were compared for maximum yield and solubility efficiency obtained via various synthetic methods. The acid concentration and reaction time play crucial role to obtain high yield wsCNPs. The synthesized wsCNPs showed good water solubility/ disparity in aqueous medium due to presence of excessive surface functional group like –COOH, - OH etc. wsCNPs imposes the self-passivated fluorescent property due to several defects on its surface. Synthesized wsCNPs showed excellent excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence (PL) emission properties over entire range of visible spectra. Various characterizations based on spectroscopic (like FTIR, UV-visible, Raman, XRD etc) and microscopic (SEM, TEM etc.) techniques were performed. Furthermore, our synthesized wsCNPs shows almost negligible toxicity and good penetration to HeLa cell line for its

imaging. We suppose that our simple strategy to synthesize wsCNPs and furthermore its successful cell imaging will open a new direction for bioapplication.

Potential Antimicrobial Activity of Various Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants Priyanka Dwivedi* and Shanthy Sundaram** *S. S. Khanna Girls’ Degree College, Allahabad **Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad. [email protected]

The medicinal properties of several herbal plants have been documented in ancient Indian literature and the preparations have been found to effective in the treatment of diseases. Majority of medicinal plant species are rich in biomolecule contents which can cope with health hazard and recently, antibacterial activity of many plant species have been reported. Among these some medicinal plants, Chlorophytum borivilianum (Safed musli), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and Aloe vera (Ghritkumari) has been used therapeutically for centuries. Chlorophytum borivilianum belongs to liliaceae family possess antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, immune system modulator, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and aphrodisiac activities. Withania somnifera plays an important role as antibacterial, antitumour, immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory properties. Aloe vera is a succulent from the liliaceae family exhibit anti-cancer, anti- inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial and antifungal properties. The plants were collected and the extracted were prepared. The following microorganisms were used: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial susceptibility tests were carried out using agar diffusion method. Whole plant extracts of Chlorophytum borivilianum tend to inhibit both gram positive bacteria, S. aureus and B. subtilis and gram negative bacteria E. coli and P. aeruginosa. In Withania ethyl acetate shows the maximum antibacterial activity against both the gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity in Aloe vera is showed in ethanolic extract. Plant extracts have great potential as antimicrobial compounds against microorganisms. Thus, they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by resistant microbes. Chlorophytum borivilianum extracts were showed broad spectrum antibiotic activity. Its ethanolic and glacial acetic acid extract has maximum antibacterial activity. W. somnifera plant has potent antibacterial property. The important compounds withaferin and withanolides were isolated from the methanolic extraction of the root W. somnifera. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were used for the

antibacterial effect, which was measured by the appearance of zone of inhibition. The above results showed that Chlorophytum borivilianum, Withania somnifera and Aloe vera are very potent antibacterial agents. Chlorophytum borivilianum has mannose and glucose, W. somnifera has withanolides which are steroidal lactones in nature and withaferin and Aloe vera contains emodin like compounds. They made a mucilaginous layer around the urinogenital, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract when consumed orally. The layers trap the microbial flora and make them unable to invade the system. Therefore, the bacteria cannot grow in the media containing these plant extracts. The purified extract showed maximum antibacterial activity. Key words: Secondary metabolites, medicinal plants, Safed musli, Ashwagandha and Ghritkumari.

Relation between Chlorophyll Content and Survivability of the Green Alga Pithophora Oedogonium under Different Concentrations of Potassium Nitrate Suman Bhardwaj and Prof. S. C. Agrawal Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India. [email protected]

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of potassium nitrate at different concentrations on growth and survival of green algae Pithophora oedogonium. The chlorophyll content as well as survivability of alga Pithophora oedogonium was gradually declined on the addition of potassium nitrate at 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm after fifth day of inoculation. Key words – Chlorophyll content, growth, potassium nitrate, Pithophora oedogonium.

Applications of Nanotechnology and Its Potential Hazards Swati Chaurasia Mahamaya Govt. Degree College, Kaushambi [email protected]

The application of nanoscience to ‘practical’ devices is called nanotechnologies, especially to industrial and commercial objectives. A nanomaterial is an object that has at least one dimension in the nanometre scale (1 to 100 nm). Nanomaterials are categorised according to their dimensions i.e (1) All three dimensions < 100 nm nanoparticles - quantum dots, nanoshells, nanorings, microcapsules, (2) Two dimensions < 100 nm - Nanotubes, fibres, nanowires, (3) One dimension < 100 nm thin -

films, layers and coatings. A material when in a nano-sized form can assume properties which are very different from those when the same material is in a bulk form. Nanotechnologies have applications in various fields. In nanomedicine, nanometre scale materials and nano-enabled techniques are used to diagnose, monitor, treat and prevent diseases. Nanotechnologies make it possible to develop drug delivery systems, disease imaging probes, or even tissue engineered constructs that have dimensions on the scale of biomolecules that regulates the functions of cells. New filters made from nano fibers can remove bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, and organic materials from water. Nanotechnology makes computer chips smaller and faster. Nano-sized “whiskers” on a fabric’s surface make clothing stain-resistant. Tiny carbon nanotubes make some bicycles, tennis rackets stronger and lighter. Many sunblocks contain nanoparticles of zinc oxide or titanium dioxide which protect skin from the sunrays without leaving a visible white film with smoother cosmetic effect. Nanotechnologies could transform the ways we create, transmit, store, and use energy. Nanotechnology takes advantage of properties at the nanoscale giving great promise for innovation, but also leading to new kinds of risk. A familiar material that’s generally regarded as safe might not be so safe when it is nano-sized. The potential effects of nanomaterials on health worker, on general community, as well as on the environment are largely unknown. Nanoparticles are difficult to detect, which makes it hard to monitor their use and dispersal into the environment. Nanoparticles may damage the lungs because of their size and because they carry other chemicals including metals and hydrocarbons in with them. Nanoparticles can get into the body through the skin, lungs and digestive system. Nanoparticles in the bloodstream may cross the blood-brain barrier and produce damage to brain. Lack of natural immunity to new substances makes them potentially more toxic.

Chitosan Nanoparticles As A Renewable Catalyst For The Synthesis Of 3-Methoxy2-Phenylquinoline-4-Carboxylic Acid Anushree Srivastava, I.R.Siddiqui Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, India [email protected]

Here we report an eco friendly and greener strategy for the synthesis of 3-methoxy2- phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid by using chitosan nanoparticles as catalyst. Compared with other methods for synthesis of 2-phenyl quinoline-4-carboxylic acid satisfactory results were obtained with high yields, short reaction time with easy workup procedure.

After reaction course the catalyst NPs can be recycled and reused without any apparent loss of activity. Chitosan nanoparticles were obtained by the gelation of chitosan by heptamolybdate anions and dried with dry CO2 for 30 minutes. Chitosan nanoparticles efficiently employed for the pfitzinger reaction at 70oC under metal and solvent free conditions.

COOH O O OMe Chitosan NPs O + OMe Ph 70oC, 30 min N H N Ph 2 1 3

Single Step Efficient Access To Tetracyclic [6,5,5,5] Indole Ring Catalyzed By Acidic Ionic Liquid [Hmim]HSO4

Arjita Srivastava, Anushree Srivastava, I.R. Siddiqui* Laboratory of Green Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad [email protected]

Indole based ring systems constitute a part of significant biologically active natural compounds, which also have been used as synthons of complex molecules. Amidst the indole variants, the tetrahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole core and thetetrahydroimidazo[1,2- a]indole core are key structural motifs which are present in a growing classof bioactive alkaloids, such as the potent vasodilatoramauromine; the insecticidal okaramine C; Bacillus subtilis pheromone ComX and cholecystokinin antagonist asperlicin; thesubstance P antagonists fiscalins respectively. There has been much focus these days on the synthesis of tetracyclic[6,5,5,5]indole based cores which are considered as combinations of tetrahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole and tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]indole rings. A novel single step protocol promoted by an acidic ionic liquid has been devised for the synthesis of such tetracyclic[6,5,5,5]indole based cores. There have been various reports on the synthesis of these polycyclic indole based rings but most of the reported methods make use of toxic organic solvents, cumbersome experimental procedures and multiple steps.The reaction devised by us involves a one-pot tandem cycloannulation of phenacyl bromide with tryptamine catalyzed by acidic ionic liquid. Acidic ionic liquids

have emerged as revolutionary candidates in the replacement of conventional homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts because of their outstanding flexibility, heat resistance, non-volatility, noncorrosiveness, negligible vapour pressure and tunable polarity with common organic solvents. The reaction occurs at room temperature, provides the merits of easy work-up, high yields, short reaction times and also the recyclability and reusability of ionic liquid.

Effect Of Thickness on Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Nb2O5 Thin Films Prepared By Sol- Gel Method

Mohd. Danish*, Dinesh Kumar Gupta** and Ashutosh Pandey* * Deptt of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India **School of Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University, Allahabad UP [email protected]

The effect of thickness on optical and photooxidative properties of Nb2O5 sculptured thin films (STF) on ITO glass substrates has been investigated. Thickness of the films made by gels (obtained from niobium ethoxide) decreased from 142.7 nm to 120.2 nm on increasing the rpm from 500 to 2000 of the spin coater. X-ray diffraction shows that the crystal structures strongly depend on thickness of the films. The film deposited at 500 rpm was amorphous after calcination at 500 °C for 5h while those deposited at > 500 rpm crystallized into stable hexagonal phases. Refractive index values of the films were found to be 2.69 and 2.98 respectively for the amorphous and crystalline samples. The films show very high transmittance (≤ 95%) in visible region. The band gap for the amorphous film was 3.64 eV which increased to 3.92 eV upon crystallization. The impact of thickness of niobia films on photooxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone is also studied.

Keywords: Nb2O5, thin films, spin coating, thickness, optical properties, photooxidation, cyclohexanol.

Metal nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents against Propionibacterium acnes

Afifa Qidwai, Manisha Pandey and Anupam Dixit Biological Product Lab, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad [email protected]

The multi-drug resistance is an emergent problem in the treatment of bacterial diseases and the extensive use of broad-spectrum of synthetic treatments has developed antibiotic resistance for many human bacterial pathogens. Advances in nanotechnology have opened new horizons in nanomedicine, allowing the green synthesis of nanoparticles that can be assembled into complex architectures. Novel studies and technologies are devoted to understanding the mechanisms of disease for the design of new drugs. Since ancient times, silver was known for its anti-bacterial effects and for centuries it has been used for prevention and control of disparate infections. In addition, the silver nanoparticles are attracting much interest because of their potent antibacterial activity. Many studies have also shown an important activity of silver nanoparticles against bacterial biofilms especially with reference to the Propionibacterium acnes. The nanosize (10 and 500 nm) of these particles allows various communications with biomolecules on the cell surfaces and within the cells in way that can be decoded and designated to various biochemical and physiochemical properties of these cells. This review aims to summarize the emerging efforts and solutions in the treatment of P.acnes, particularly the use of nanosilver antimicrobials.

Optimization of semiconductor ns-TiO2-CuO admixed photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical solar cell in regard to hydrogen production

MridulaTripathia* and PriyankaChawlaa Department of Chemistry, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India-211002 [email protected]

This paper deals with the investigation on the optimization of ns TiO2-CuO admixed/Ti with respect to optimum photoelectrode area for semiconductor septum photo electrochemical solar cell. The motivation of the present work was to prepare an electrode having high effective surface area and hence better quantum yield and improved PEC activity. The photoelectrochemical response of ns TiO2-CuO photo electrodes for four different electrode area has been measured to explore the effect of electrode area on the output power in a chemical fuel (i.e. H2 ) produced by SC SEP PEC cell. This was done for determining the electrode area for optimum electrical output and hydrogen production. The photo electrochemical cell having ns TiO2-CuO admixed/Ti

photoanode of several geometric areas like 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 cm2 were fabricated and characterized. It has been found that the photoanode area corresponding to optimum electrical output and hydrogen production rate corresponds to 1.5 cm2.

Keywords: Photoelectrochemical solar cell, TiO2-CuO, photoanode area, optimization

Antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs against Acne Vulgaris.

Manisha Pandey, Afifa Qidwai, Anupam Dikshit* Biological Product Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad Allahabad-211002, India [email protected]

In recent years, noble metal oxide nanoparticles have been the subject of focused research due to their unique optical, physical and chemical properties that are significantly different from those of bulk materials. Preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles has attracted particularly considerable attention due to their diverse properties and uses, like magnetic, antimicrobial and antibacterial activities. Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles has received significant interest worldwide particularly by the implementation nanotechnology to synthesize particles in the nanometer region. Many microorganisms exist in the range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers. ZnO-NPs exhibit attractive antibacterial properties due to increased specific surface area as the reduced particle size leading to enhanced particle surface reactivity. This review covered ZnO-NPs antibacterial activity against Acne Vulgaris. Acne Vulgaris, one of the most common skin disorders, is the result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous follicle and is characterized by tender inflammatory papules and nodules mainly scattered on the face, chest, and upper back. It may be caused by cutaneous micro-organisms such as Propionibacterium acnes and usually appears in adolescence and early adulthood. P. acnes have been described as gram positive an obligate anaerobic microorganism. It is implicated in the development of inflammatory acne by its capability to activate complements and by its ability to metabolize sebaceous triglycerides into fatty acids, which chemotactically attract neutrophils.

Keywords-Chronic, Sebaceous follicle, Papules, Nodules, Chemotactically etc

Biogenic synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by Citrus limon (lemon) aqueous extract and its effect on germination and growth of Vigna radiata

Ajey Singh, N.B. Singh and Imtiyaz Hussain Dept. of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., India [email protected]

Concern and interest related to the effects of nanomaterials on living organisms are growing in both the scientific and public communities. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were rapidly synthesized at room temperature by treating Zinc nitrate with the Citrus limon (lemon) extract. The formation of ZnO NPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and particle size analyzer (DLS) which revealed the cubic phase and of zinc oxide nanoparticles. We found that citric acid was the principal reducing agent for the nanosynthesis process. FT-IR spectral studies demonstrated citric acid as the probable stabilizing agent. Mung bean seeds were separately treated with different concentrations of ZnO NPs and chelated bulk zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) suspensions (a common zinc supplement) and their effect on seed germination, seedling vigor, plant growth, chlorophyll content and SOD activity were studied. Treatment of ZnO NPs at 100 ppm concentration promoted both seed germination and seedling vigor. Photosynthetic pigment and protein activity were stimulated by ZnO NPs upto 250 ppm concentrations while inhibited under higher concentrations. The study indicates importance in precise application of zinc, more so in deficient system (soil), where plant response varies with concentrations.

Nanotechnology: A tool to clean the environment

Gausiya Bashri and Sheo Mohan Prasad Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad (A Central University of India), Allahabad, India, 211002 [email protected]

Industrial activity has created the problem of environmental contamination. There are several remediation technique has been used to clean the environment. Recently, nanotechnology has gained the attention of environmentalist to clean the environment by bio-processing, that convert agricultural waste into other useful by-products, thereby transforming waste that can adversely impact the environment into valuable end- products. Such as, it has been used in converting waste fibers from cotton spinning into biodegradable cellulose mats that can absorb pesticides. Moreover, the process of photocatalysis by nanoparticles can be used to degrade pesticides and treat wastewater. Similarly, iron nanoparticles can be used to catalyze the breakdown and oxidation of toxic organic compounds such as tricholoethene, dioxins in contaminated groundwater into harmless products. Thus, in current scenario researchers are using various types of nano-particles to control pollutant emitted from different sources.

All Optical Logic Devices

Shikha Jaiswal Deptt of Physics, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli. [email protected]

All-optical integrated circuits for computing and information processing have been pursued for decades as a potential strategy to overcome the speed limitations intrinsic to electronics. However feasible on-chip integrated logic units and devices still have been limited by its size, quality, scalability, and reliability. The building of linear, passive and ultra compact silicon optical logic gates might pave the way to construct novel nanophotonic on-chip processor architectures for future optical computing technologies. Logic devices must have a switching mechanism otherwise the output would be unstable. Analogous to transistors in electronics, these devices turn light ON or OFF to certain thresholds. The electro-optic effect is utilized to vary the refractive indices of optical waveguides to make voltage-controlled switches; these devices are limited by the switching speed of electronics, so this is to be done all-optically and nonlinear optics is the key.In this paper the advancements made in this field are reviewed. In the beginning the optical fiber network started as a simple connection with no routing capability. The use of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) increased the overall capacity of the point-to-point optical fiber transmission systems.

The development of second-generation high speed systems, such as the synchronous optical network and the synchronous digital hierarchy, offered supplementary switching and routing capabilities to the network. Optical add/drop multiplexers and optical cross connectors were further introduced to the network in order to offer wavelength routing capabilities. However, in such systems, the switching process is still performed in the electrical domain requiring optical-electrical-optical (O-E-O) conversion modules. To meet the network speed and capacity demands and to overcome the bottlenecks of O- E-O conversion, ultra-fast photonic networks that rely on photonic signal processing are required. The next generation optical network is aimed to carry out all the processing in the optical domain, operating at speeds (hundreds of gigabits per second) well beyond the existing electronic devices. It is important to note that an all-optical processing technology is not a replacement, but is a complementary alternative, to electrical processing, particularly at the backbone optical layer. Both circuit and packet switching could be adopted in all- optical networks. However, packet switching is more flexible than circuit switching in throughput and switching speed. An all-optical network offers transparency, implying that data can be carried at a range of bit rates and protocols and can also support different higher layers.

Differential Responses of Pea Seedlings to Salicylic Acid under UV-B Stress

Chanda Bano and N. B. Singh Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002. [email protected]

In nature, plants are continuously exposed to solar light. They cannot avoid exposure to UV-B radiation. The purpose of this investigation was to examine how UV-B radiation affects seed germination, seedling growth, protein and sugar contents and activities of antioxidant enzyme in pea. Salicylic (SA) acid mediated physiological responses in UV-B stressed pea seedlings. UV-B exposure adversely affected seed germination and their physiology. Salicylic acid mitigated the impacts of UV-B stress. Seed germination decreased, increased duration of UV-B exposure. Activities of antioxidant enzymes enhanced in response to UV-B radiation to avoid the oxidative damage caused by ROS generation and they played a protective role against UV-B radiation.

Key words: Antioxidants, Oxidative stress, Pisum sativum L., UV-B radiation, Salicylic acid.

Protective role of nitric oxide against toxicity produced by glyphosate herbicide in Pisum sativum

Himani Singh and N.B. Singh Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002 [email protected], [email protected]

The present study assessed the response of pea plant exposed to herbicides stress present in the agriculture field induce oxidative stress in plants. We analysed the effect of exogenous NO-regulated chlorophyll synthesis, protein synthesis, nitrate reductase enzyme activity and antioxidant enzyme activity in herbicide-treated green pea (Pisum sativum). Glyphosate (0.25mM) treatment alone or in combination with 250 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 250 µM with glyphosate) was given to pea and observed the changes in physiology. During oxidative stress ion leakage is the first step of cellular damage. Supplementation of glyphosate with SNP significantly reduced ion leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content induction by herbicide. Supplementation also increased chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (POD) activity, as compared to herbicide treatment alone. The present result suggests that NO protect pea plants from glyphosate damage.

Keywords: herbicide stress, growth, oxidative stress, SNP, Pisum sativum

Nanotechnology: Environmental benefits or costs Yogesh Mishra Deptt.Of zoology, Bhavan’s Mehta Mahavidyalaya, Bharwari, Kaushambi, U.P. India [email protected]

Nanotechnology is a revolutionary scientific field, specialized in the manipulation of matter. Nanotechnologies are presented technological solutions to many environmental problems including climate change, pollution and clean drinking water. It is claimed that

it enables economic growth through better products and new markets while dramatically reducing our ecological foot print. However there is emerging evidence that these claims do not provide the whole picture with serious environmental risks and costs being ignored. Any reduction in environmental impacts of our ecological foot print achieved by nanotechnology applications need to be carefully assessed. It is suggested that nanotechnology offers environmental benefits in cleaner production, pollution reduction, environmental remediation and monitoring, water filtration and reduction of agricultural pollution and other environmental benefits. However we question these claims are not borne out by reality and environmental costs are consistently ignored. There is no full eco-toxicological profile for any of the nonmaterial’s available today and the existing scientific results identify potential serious health and environmental concerns. Much more ecotoxicological modeling is therefore required before we should consider large scale environmental release of nonmaterials for use in remediation or other purposes. Nanotechnology has the potential to deliver water treatment in some areas but priority is given to patented, corporate controllednanowater treatment applications only. In agriculture applications, even if smaller quantities of nanochemicals are used, this could pose a greater toxicological burden because of their far greater potency. In a study of carbon nanofibre production it was found that it contribute to global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental or human toxicity may be as much as 100 times greater per unit weight than those of conventional materials like aluminum. Steel and polypropylene. Nanomaterial constitute new generations of toxic chemicals.

Electrochemical Behavior of Anthracene in Various Non-aqueous Solvents

Manish K Srivastav* and R K P Singh** *Department of Chemistry, KAPG College, Allahabad ** Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad

Polynuclear aromatic compounds show various interesting electro-redox reactions depending on the structure of the hydrocarbon and the environment viz. nature of solvent, supporting electrolytes, electrode potentials and electrodes. A direct, one-pot electrochemical reaction of anthracene was studied in the presence/absence of acetic acid using non-aqueous solvents viz. acetonitrle, DMSO, DMF etc. and suitable supporting electrolytes at platinum electrode. During controlled potential electrolysis, anthracenium radical cation or anion intermediate generated by the electrochemical

oxidation or reduction of anthracene, undergoes rapidly either nuclear acetoxylation or dimerization reaction. This electrocatalyzed technique is simple, atom economic and ecofriendly because of its taking short reaction time with no requirement of any hazardous reagent. It is expected to be an important organic synthetic tool in future because of its diverse application in industry in addition to compatibility with green chemistry. The plausible mechanism for the electro-oxidative and electro-reductive reactions, is discussed in terms of balance between the driving force for the aromatization of intermediates and the steric effects.

3+ 3+ Effect of Sm on optical properties of Eu doped La(OH)3 nano-crystalline phosphor: Energy transfer and effect of sensitizer

Ram. S. Yadav and S. B. Rai Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India [email protected]

3+ The Eu doped La(OH)3 nano-crystalline phosphor has been synthesized through combustion synthesis method. The structural and morphological information about the synthesized samples have been explored using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques. The optical properties of the samples have been investigated under 355 nm laser excitations. The sample emits intense red emissions at 5 7 5 7 3+ 625 and 707 nm due to D0 → F2 and D0 → F4 transitions in Eu ion, respectively. In this work, the Sm3+ ion transfers its excitation energy to Eu3+ efficiently, which enhances the emission intensity of Eu3+ bands. The concentrations of both, Eu3+ and Sm3+ in the samples 3+ 3+ were optimized at 1.0 mol% with the emission intensity. The presence of Sm in the Eu doped sample enhances the emission intensity upto two times. The sample annealed at higher temperature shows significant enhancement in the emission intensity. The energy transfer from Sm3+ to Eu3+ ions have been confirmed by life time studies and it has been discussed with the help of schematic energy level diagram.

Impact Assessment of Municipal Runoff from Allahabad City on River Yamuna and Ganga

Pawan K Srivastava Dept Of Chemistry, SP Memorial Institute Of Technology, Allahabad [email protected]

The impact of municipal runoff of Allahabad city on water quality of river Yamuna and Ganga was investigated. Three discharge points were selected out of which two discharges in river Yamuna & one in river Ganga. Sampling point of river water include upstream location 50 meter from discharge points, discharge points and 100 downstream. The samples were analyzed for evaluation of parameters like temperature, transparency, pH, conductivity, TDS, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), BOD, COD etc. The analysis was done following the standard methods described in APHA (1980)

Eosin Y Catalyzed Visible-light-promoted One–Pot Facile Synthesis of 1,3,4- Thiadiazole

Praveen P. Singh1, Vishal Srivastava2 & Pravin K. Singh3 1Department of Chemistry, United College of Engineering & Research, Naini, Allahabad 2Deptt of Chemistry, United College of Engineering & Management, Naini, Allahabad 3Food Analysis and Research Lab, Centre of Food Technology, University of Allahabad, [email protected]

A novel one-pot visible light irradiated synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazole from aldehydes and thioacyl hydrazides have been reported in presence of eosin Y as an organophotoredox catalyst at room temperature under aerobic condition. This synthesis includes application of air and visible light as inexpensive, readily available, non-toxic and sustainable regents, which fulfils the basic principle of green chemistry.

Zerovalent Bismuth Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agent Rakesh Mani Misra Department of Chemistry, Harish Chandra P. G. College, Varanasi (U. P.), India [email protected]

Bacteria in nature do not grow in individual form, but live in association with communities containing other microorganisms. Communities along with other microorganisms are known as biofilms. Biofilms can be formed on all kinds of surfaces and interfaces, including the human body. Major current problem of pharmaceutical industry is developing resistance of microorganisms towards common antibiotics; therefore there is need of an alternative to treat multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria efficiently. Bismuth belongs to 15th group of periodic table and generally shows oxidation states of +3 and +5 in its compounds. In nature it is found as sulfide, oxide and carbonate.

Bismuth is widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and electronic industries. It is also important constituent of catalyst, pigment and alloys. In present time certain compounds of Bismuth such as Bismuth subsalicylate is used as antidiarrhoeal agent to treat vomiting and stomach pain. During diarrhea zerovalent Bismuth attracts our attention because of its potential to be used in electronic devices and magnetic sensors. Since surface area of nanoparticles increases because of their smaller size so their interaction with biological target area also increases and they may act as effective drug. In literature there is evidence for the inhibitory antimicrobial effect of bismuth nanoparticles against growth of S. mutans, it is also able to form a biofilm. Reported biocidal activities of Bismuth nanoparticles are comparable to commercial antibiotics. There is also evidence that these nanoparticles inhibit growth of bacterial colony. In our work we will test the biocidal activity of zero valent Bismuth nanoparticles on biofilm of Salmonella typhi which is the major cause of Typhoid and is in serious stage in our country. Key words: Biofilms, Biocidal activity, zerovalent

Defect Assisted Multifunctional CeO2 Nano particles for Photo catalytic Detoxification and Disinfection (Bactericidal / Fungicidal) Applications Ranjana Verma* and S.K.Samdarshi** *Solar and Energy Materials laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam-784028, India **Centre for Energy Engineering, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India [email protected]

CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystallinity and morphology of the prepared samples were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to analyze the presence of functional groups. Optical properties of the prepared samples were investigated by UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence 3+ spectroscopy.Vacuum annealing of the CeO2resulted inoxygen vacancies and Ce which led to distortion and strain within the crystal lattice. The photoactivity of CeO2 nanoparticles was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as a probe pollutant under UV and visible irradiation. The reasonably effectivephotoactivity can be attributed to small particle size, effective charge separation, defect sites, oxygen vacancies in the multifunctional CeO2 nanoparticles. The invitro antibacterial and antifungal activity

evaluation of the CeO2 was done using agar disc diffusion technique. The results showed an effective wide spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria, and againstF. oxysporum and C. albicafungi, respectively.

Nano-Particals on Quasicrystalline Surface: A Notable Catalytic Application In Green Energy

T.P. Yadav, S.S. Mishra, Sunita K. Pandey and O.N. Srivastava Hydrogen Energy Centre, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221 005, U.P., India [email protected]

Quasicrystals are complex nature and it has been difficult to gain atomic scale understanding of catalytic activity of leached quasicrystals. Additionally, the role of underlying quasicrystals in the catalytic activity is yet to be understood1. In order to achieve this information, we have attempted to create a simple model catalyst of nano particles on quasicrystalline surfaces by leaching well defined surfaces of single grain quasicrystals. As the first step of these studies, we present here the effect of leaching treatments on surface morphology and chemical composition of different Al-based quasicrystals studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The high symmetry surfaces of single grain icosahedral (i)-Al-Cu-Fe and decagonal (d-) Al-Ni-Co, (d)Al-Cu-Co quasicrystals and a polygrain (i)-Al-Pd-Re, (i)-Al-Cu-Fe, (i)-Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystal with random surface orientation were leached with NaOH solution at varying times and the resulting surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The leaching treatments preferentially remove Al producing nano-particles of the transition metals and their oxides. The leached fivefold surface of i-Al-Cu-Fe exhibits micron sized dodecahedral cavities on which the nano-particles are precipitated. However, no specific microstructure has been observed on the tenfold surface of d-Al-Ni-Co and the polygrain i-Al-Pd-Re. Quasicrystalline surface can be regained after polishing the leached layer, indicating that leaching occurs only in a limited depth from the surface. The 2 hour leached as grown and mechanically activated Al-Cu-Fe alloys was subjected for catalyst application in hydrogen storage materials. The catalytic effect of leached alloy on the de/rehydrogenenation characteristics has been studied. The hydrogenation behaviour including absorption kinetics will be discussed and presented in detail.

Sorption Tendencies of Some Metal Ions On Amberlite IR-120 Cation Exchange Resin In Aqueous Sodium Gluconate Medium Rama Shankar, Saroj and A. Mahan Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (U.P.), India [email protected]

The sorption tendencies of Mg(II), Al(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) metal ions have been carried out with Amberlite IR-120 cation exchange resin (20-50 mesh, in Na+ - form) employing batch equilibration method. The resin phase was 1.00 g air-dried (moisture content ≈ 44 - 48 %) exchanger. The aqueous phase was prepared by mixing the requisite amount of standard metal solution with desired amount of sodium gluconate and the water to have the overall aqueous phase volume equal to 25 mL. The observed loading trends with respect to metal ion species as cationic complexes have been found: Al > Ni > Co > Mg > Cu > Cd > Hg. On the basis of their separation factors(α) in the particular concentration of sodium gluconate, their binary and ternary separation possibilities were worked out, i.e., from 0.4 to 1.52 M NaGluc.

Increase in Biodiversity with Nanotechnology Smita Mishra Deen Dayal Upadhyay, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, U.P., India [email protected]

Crop loss to the turn of 30% in plant caused due to the Insect pest infesting several crop plant. The use of chemical insecticides and pesticides in the crops protection, deteriorates, soil health, water bodies and affects human health. Predators and parasitoids have long been acknowledged to play an important role in natural control. Among these chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) is common green lacewing noted for their truely voracious appetite and received widest attention as bilogical control agent. Nanotechnology is promising field of science having great application in the field of agricultural, especially in pest managment The application of nanotechnology as a supplement for the exisiting practices or strategies increases biodiversity due to increase in surface area of plant and insect and canses more insect plant interaction. Keywords : Chrysoperlacarnea, Biological control, Nanotechnology, Biodiversity.

Synthesis and Characterisation of [L][HX]n complexes (Where L= Selenium

Containing Macrocyclic Ligands and HX=HF, HCl, HI, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4,

HClO4, AND CF3COOH ): An Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study Dharmendra Kumar Sahu and Shekhar Srivastava* Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad, Allahabad (U.P.); India [email protected]

Sixteen complexes of the type [L][HX]n complexes (Where L= Selenium Containing

Macrocyclic Ligands and HX=HF, HCl, HI, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, HClO4, and CF3COOH have been synthesized and characterised by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR and XPS data.

Study of Size Of Viruses Which Caused Diseases In Plant Possible Through Nanotechnology S. Hashmi, R. K. Pandey, M. Hashmi, R.Khan* and A. Gupta Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi. Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi.

Nanotechnology is one of the most fascinating and rapidly advancing sciences and posses potential to revolutionize many disciplines of Science, Technology, Medicine and Agriculture. Conversion of macromaterials into nano size particles (1-100 nm) gives birth to new characteristics and the material behaves differently. Because of ultra small size, nanoparticles may hit/target virus particles and may open new field of plant virus study. The disease diagnosis, pathogen detection and residual analysis may become much more precise and quick with the use of nanosensors. Plant virus is of huge importance, and this is probably rightly so.Molecular Plant Pathology considered which viruses would appear in a ‘Top 10’ list of plant viruses and this is probably rightly so molecular Plant Pathology considered which viruses would appear in a ‘Top 10’ list of plant viruses based on their perceived importance, scientifically or economically. Important plant diseases caused by viruses and study of size of these diseases causing virus possible with nanotechnology by electron microscopy .viruses attack cells and force them to make many new viruses, often killing the cells in the process. Some viruses are very simple, such as the protein capsid that surround a short strand of RNA

or DNA. More complex viruses inject the cell with a viral genome capable of encoding protein to fight the cell’s defenses. Most viruses are much smaller than cells approximately 900,000 x magnification, ranging from less 30 nanometers to over 500 nanometer in diameter. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) have regular length of 300 nm and a width of 18 nm. Tomato spotted wilt virus are 80 -110 nm in diameter. Potato leaf rolling viruses (PLRV) are 650 x 12 in size. Size of Tobacco leaf curl virus(TLCV) are 18-20 nm. Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is 730-750 x 12-15nm. The yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) measures 18x30 nm.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, DFT Calculations And Superoxide Dismutase Activity Of Copper(II) Complex With N’-(Pyridine-2-Ylmethylene) Acetohydrazide Yogendra Pratap Singh, Yogendra Singh, Ram N. Patel* Department of Chemistry, A. P. S. University, Rewa (M.P.) 486003 INDIA [email protected]

Copper(II) Schiff base complexes are used as nanocatalysts. The nanocatalyst efficiently oxidised both primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl with improved yield in a solventless system rendering a greener approach. Copper(II) complex with N’-(pyridine- 2-ylmethylene) acetohydrazide has been synthesized and characterized using various physicochemical methods. The structure of this complex has been solved by X-ray crystallographic methods. The coordination geometry of the copper(II) is trigonal bipyramidal. The supra molecular architecture of complex is totally guided by H- bonding. The molecular structures and spectral properties of the ligand and its complex with comparison have been explained by DFT and TD-DFT calculations. The electronic excitation energies of this complex calculated at TD-DFT levels are in agreement with value deduced from the experimental UV-visible spectra. Superoxide dismutase activity of this complex has also been measured. Thus copper(II) newly synthesized complexes may be used as nanocatalyst.

Proposed molecular structure of copper(II) nanocatalyst

Crystal Structures, Electrochemistry And DFT Studies Of Nickel(II) Complexes Of A NNO Donors Schiff-Base: Formation Of Supramolecular Architectures By H-Bonding Interactions Yogendra Singh, Yogendra Pratap Singh, Ram N. Patel* Department of Chemistry, A.P.S. University, Rewa (M.P.) 486003 India [email protected]

Nickel(II) Schiff base complexes used in synthesis of fullerene based Ni nanocatalysts.

The four new nickel(II) complexes viz., [Ni(L)2]1, [Ni(L)2]H2O 2, [Ni(L)2](H2O)2 3 and

[Ni(L)2](H2O)2 4(where L=2-hydroxy-N'-[(E)-phenyl(pyridin-2- yl)methylidene]benzohydrazide) have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, spectroscopic, magnetic susceptibility and cyclic voltammetric measurements. Single crystal X-ray analysis of Ni(L)2]1, [Ni(L)2]H2O 2, [Ni(L)2](H2O)2 3 and[Ni(L)2](H2O)2 4 has revealed the presence of a distorted octahedral geometry around nickel(II) atom. The skelton structures are essentially same in all complexes 1-4. The X-ray and spectral characterizations have confirmed the existence of the enol form of the ligands in the complexes. The electronic structures, spectral properties of the ligands and the complexes have been explained by DFT and TDDFT calculations. Superoxide dismutase activity of these complexes has also been measured. These complexes may be used as Ni nanocatalysts.

Figure: Proposed molecular structure of Ni nanocatalyst

Ripple Patterns On Silicon Surfaces By Medium Energy Ions Bombardment R.P. Yadav1. T. Kumar2andC.K. Singh3 Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India Department of physics, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh- 1123029, Haryana, India School of Computer and Information Sciences, U.P. R.T. O. U., Allahabad

Ripple patterns evolution of Si (100) surface have been fabricated using 50keV Ar+ ion beam at oblique incidence with ionfluences raging from 3x1017ions/cm2 to 9x1017ions/cm2. The modified surface morphology is captured by the atomic force microscopy (AFM) for each ion fluence. Wavelength and lateral correlation length of each ripple structure ion irradiated surface is computed by autocorrelation function. Analysis of autocorrelation function showed that the formation of rippled patterns on surface is affected with ions fluencies. Keywords: Fractal analysis, roughness, exponent, Fractal dimension, atomic force microscopy, ripple, autocorrelation function

Phytoreduction and antibacterial assessment of silver nanoparticles using Phalaris minor Preeti Rajoriya, Pragati Misra and Pramod. W. Ramteke1 Department of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1Department of Biological Sciences, School of Basic Science, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Allahabad, India [email protected]

Nanotechnology is one of the pullulating zones in biotechnology with neoteric properties. The biogenesis of nanoparticles is in the limelight in modern nanotechnology as it is the greener approach. The nanoparticles have far-reaching applications because it is swifter, lighter and portable. P. minor is commonly known as “little seed canary grass or gehun ka mama”, a prolific and competitive winter weed which infests many crops. In this study, for the first time, silver nanoparticles were formulated by using Phalaris minor infusion for the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 from silver nitrate solution. The light yellow colour was observed that changes to dark brown which indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles and they were subjected for antibacterial assay. Spectral techniques like UV-vis (ultra violet-visible spectroscopy) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) were performed for the characterization of silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial assay showed the better bacteriostatic effect against bacteria. The results reveals that this plant holds promising antibacterial potential against B.subtilis. K.pneumoniae and P.aeruginosa. Keywords: Phytoreduction, Silver Nanoparticles, Phalaris minor, Antibacterial Assay

Seed Quality, Yield And Growth Attributes Of Wethania Sominifera Effected By Planting Tripti Tiwari, Pradeep Upadhya and Asheesh Shivam Mishra1 Department of Botany, N.G.B. University Allahabad, U.P. 1Benthic Ecology Lab., Department of Zoology, NGB University, Allahabad, U.P.

A study was designed to determine the effect of planting dates on the plant growth, seed yields, and seed quality of Wethania somenifera dunal L. during kharif season of 2009-2010. Three planting dates; 10th July, 10th August and 10th September were chosen and planting were performed in 45X15 cm (row X plant) spacing in RBD. Results revealed that significantly more seed yield (165.78 kg.) per hectare was produced in 10th July planting than other planting dates in Withania. Seed quality parameters i.e. 100 seed weight and dry weight (g) of seedlings were not significantly affected by planting dates. Seeding vigorous index (384.82) was, noticed in 10th July planting in Withania somnifera. Keywords: Plantation, seed, Kharif, Withania somnifera, Planting

Application Of Nanotechnology In Agriculture And Environmental Issues : An Overview Hemlata Pant and Manoj Kumar Singh Society of Biological Sciences and Rural Development, Allahabad -211019(U.P.) ,India Department of Horticulture, K.A.P.G. College, Allahabad-211001(U.P.),India

Nanotechnology is manipulating of matter on an atomic, molecular and sub molecular scale. Nanotechnology is a field of applied science ,focused on the design, synthesis, characterization and application of materials and devices on the nanoscale. This branch of knowledge is a sub- classification of technology in colloidal science , biology, physics, chemistry and other fields and involves the study and manipulation of the materials in the nanoscales. This technology is an emerging field that covers a wide range of technologies which are presently under development in nanoscale .It plays a major role in the development of innovative methods to produce new products , to substitute existing production equipment and to reformulate new materials and chemicals with improved performance resulting in less consumption of energy and materials and reduced harm to the environment. In agriculture , technical innovation is of importance with regard to addressing global challenges such as population growth, climate and the limited availability of

important plant nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium. Nanotechnology applies to agricultural production could play a fundamental role for this purpose. The application of nanomaterials in agriculture aims in particular to reduce applications of plant protection products , minimize nutrient losses in fertilization ,and increase yields through optimized nutrient management .Nanotechnology devices and tools , like nanocapsules, nanoparticles, and even viral capsids, are examples of uses for the detection and treatment of diseases , the enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants, the delivery of active ingredients to specific site and water treatment process. The use of target – specific nanoparticles can reduce the damage to non –target plant tissues and the amount of chemicals released into the environment. The role of nanotechnology in agriculture is very broad ,but a few areas are still to be addressed ,viz. as increasing the scale of production processes and lowering costs, as well as risk assessment issues. In this respect , mainly attractive are nanoparticles derived from biopolymers such as proteins and carbohydrates with low impact on human health and the environment. For instance, the potential of starch –based nanopartcles as nontoxic and sustainable delivery system for agrochemicals and biostimulants is being extensively investigated. Nanomaterials and nanostructures with unique chemical, physical, and mechanical properties–such as: electrochemically active carbon nanotubes, nanofibers and fullerenes – have newly develoved and recently applied for highly sensitive bio –chemical sensors. These nanosensors have also relevant implications for application in agriculture ,in particular for soil analysis, easy biochemical sensing and control ,water management and delivery ,pesticide and nutrient delivery. In environmental issues early application of nanotechnology is remediation using nanoscales iron particles. Zero – valent iron nanoparticles are deployed in situ to remediate soil and water contaminated with chlorinated compounds and heavy metals. One of the main environmental applications of nanotechnology is in water sector. Nanofilters could be used to remediate or clean up ground water or surface water contaminated with chemicals and hazardous substances. Air pollution is another potential area where nanotechnology has great promise. Filtration techniques similar to the water purification methods described above could be used in buildings to purify indoor air volumes.

Fabrication of Aspartame Imprinted Chitosan Nanoparticle-Graphene Composite By Electrodeposition Method Juhi Srivastava, Archana Kushwaha and Meenakshi Singh* Department of Chemistry, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, INDIA [email protected], [email protected]

Aspartame (ASP) chemically known as L-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester composed of phenylalanine and aspartic acid is a dipeptide, used as an artificial sweetener in food products. Here an attempt is made to construct aspartame imprinted polymeric sensor by electrodepositing chitosan nanoparticle (cs np) with graphene on gold coated QCM electrode (quartz crystal microbalance). The electrodeposition was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Chitosan nanoparticle-graphene composite is used as polymeric format for imprinting of aspartame. The characterization of chitosan nanoparticle was done with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and FT-IR Spectroscopy. The response of developed sensor was studied with the help of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Keywords: Molecularly imprinting polymer, Aspartame, Graphene, Chitosan nanoparticles.

Molecularly Imprinted EQCM Sensor for L-Serine Based On Functionalized Gold-Nanoparticle Ambareesh Kumar Singh and Meenakshi Singh* Department of Chemistry, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, INDIA [email protected], [email protected]

Here, a piezoelectric sensor to assess L-serine through functionalized gold- nanoparticles on EQCM electrode is fabricated via molecular imprinting. Imprinting matrix was prepared by electropolymerization of thioaniline functionalized Au nanoparticles on gold electrode modified with thioaniline self assembeled monolayer (SAM). The surface of gold electrode was modified with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) and well-packed monomolecular layers through a sulphur–Au bond were formed. Various parameters were optimized for controlling the performance of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-sensor such as the number of electropolymerization cycles, mass deposited in each cycle, pH, etc. The prepared electrochemical-MIP sensor showed good enantioselectivity and was highly specific towards L-serine. In the optimal condition, the

response of the MIP sensor to L-serine was linearly proportional to its concentration. Good linear relationship was obtained with R2 = 0.9975. Detection limit for L-Ser in aqueous solution by MIP-EQCM sensor is calculated as 0.41 μM (3σ) following standard analytical method. The proposed sensor was also compared with other reported method for L-Ser detection. Hence, a facile, specific and selective piezo- electrogravimmetric MIP sensor using surface-grafted specific molecular contours is developed for specific and selective uptake of L-serine in presence of various interferrants, in different kinds of matrices. Keywords: Molecularly imprinted polymer; 4-aminothiophenol; gold nanoparticle, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance; L-serine.

Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization And Its Application In Removal Of Ni(II) Ions From Aqueous Solution Dharmveer Singha, Shalini Vermaa, Vijay Shakarb and Vijay Krishnaa aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India bDepartment of Chemistry, B.S.N.V. Post Graduate College, Lucknow-India [email protected]

The novel aspartic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were syntheses by co precipitation method and characterized by various modern characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and vibrational sampling magnetometer. The prepared nanoparticles were applied for effective removal of Ni(II). The batch adsorption technique was applied to removal performance of nanoparticles under different variable factors such as temperature, pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage etc. The study indicates that the adsorption reaction has fast kinetics with applied pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order model. The pseudo-second order model found to be best linear fit with experimental data reveal that the pseudo-second order model is suitable for Ni(II) ions adsorption. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich equation, and the

Langmuir adsorption capacity, qm, was found to be maximum. Langmuir isotherm model with high R2 of 0.999, 0.997 and 0.996 at 303, 308, and 313 K, respectively shows that the Langmuir isotherm model is best for Ni(II) ions adsorption. The adsorption thermodynamics of parameters are found to be as 42.08 (kJ mol-1), 104.54 (kJ mol-1 K-1) and 2.641- 1.172 (kJ mol-1), respectively at ΔH°, ΔSº and ΔGº which indicates that the adsorption process is spontaneous with exothermic nature. The results also revealed

that nanoparticle functionalized aspartic acid, can be an attractive for metal removal from industrial effluent. Keywords: Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, Kinetic, Adsorption, Ni(II) ions, Isotherm,Desorption

Estimation of Self-purification Efficiency of Ram Ghat Near Jaunpur City In Terms of Its Physico-Chemical Parameters Umesh Chand and Alok Mishra * Department of Chemistry, T.D. College1, NGBU, Jamunipur kotwa, Allahabad*

Water is the basis of life and is necessary for all varied activities such as domestic agricultural and industrial. The population growth, industrialization and development of society have resulted thrust on the water resources and its population due to discharge of swage industrial effluents, disposal of solid wastes and run off water from its catchment areas. The present study has been undertaken with an objective to assess the quality of Gomati river at Jaunpur with reference to the physic-chemical and bacteriological parameters. Physico-chemical parameters include termperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD). On the basis of these parameters the water quality level of Gomati river has been estimated.

Estimation of Effect of Reservoir Parameters of Gomati River around Jaunpur City On the degree of self- purification of water Rajnish Kumar Singh and Alok Mishra * Department of Chemistry, T.D. College1 NGBU Allahabad

The degree of self purification is a measurement of the percent removal of pollutants from the eco-system without any external device or dealing. Thus by itself how much self purification of the eco-system has taken place is the measurement of the degree of self-purification, Since the purification phenomena involves the physico-chemical interaction between with the water pollutants. The magnitude f self-composition, area and unevenness of the surface of river in contact. In the present investigation the degree of self purification has been assessed and its variation has been found to be a function of the surface area, surface compotation, unevenness and the contents of river water.

Geo-statistical Modeling of Bioenergy Crops on Marginal and Degraded Lands Sheikh Adil Edrisi* and P. C. Abhilash 1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected]

Currently the global warming and its subsequent climate change effects are mainly due to the enhanced greenhouse gases by 40% since preindustrial times. As a result, the expansion of bioenergy resources has mooted at the global level. Further the range of global average annual growth rate of biomass exploration for bioenergy production is around 58% that has been expected to double in the near future. Bioenergy has the reduced emission rates up to around 50% than the fossil fuels. It also has the immense potential to mitigate various environmental issues and therefore the biofuel cultivation has been considered as an additional opportunity for land restoration. Being an agrarian country, India primarily utilizes its viable land for food production to feed its increasing 1.25 billion people. Hence the viable land cannot be utilized for the production of second generation bioenergy feedstock. Therefore, we postulate that the sustainable intensification of bioenergy production from marginal and degraded land can be a viable option. Further the sustainable utilization of marginal and degraded lands can play a vital role in solving the conflict between foods and fuel production. Thus, it can offer a sustainable solution to meet out the energy requirement of the society. In this regard, the current article is aimed to explore the potential of selected bioenergy crops on marginal and degraded lands using geostatistical modeling in Uttar Pradesh state of India. Primarily, a land suitability model has been developed using analytical hierarchy process to evaluate the actual suitable area of marginal and degraded lands. Further, the potential of bioenergy crops has been correlated with the available lands using the parameters of land parcel area and the average yield of the selected crops. It also deals with the prospects and promises of the current biomass and biofuel production scenario from these lands. Moreover, it also reveals that the sustainable utilization of such land can provide the multipurpose environmental benefits such as soil carbon sequestration and ecosystem revitalization.

Keywords: Energy security; Bioenergy crops; Geographic information system; Marginal lands; Geostatistical modelling.

Nanoparticle and its Application Bhawana Kesarwani Mahamaya Government Degree College, Kaushambi, U.P., India [email protected]

A nanoparticle is a microscopic particle. Nanoparticle is particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers (10-9). Synthesis of stabilized nanoparticle sized between 1-100 nm is the main task of the nanochemistry. Nanoparticles exist in the natural world and are also created as a result of human activities. Because of their submicroscopic size, they have unique material characteristics. Nanoparticle has a very high surface area to volume ratio. This provides a tremendous driving force for diffusion, especially at elevated temperatures. In nanotechnology, a particle is defined as a small object that behaves as a whole unit with respect to its transport and properties. Nanoparticle is of great scientific interest as they are effectively a bridge between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures. The applications of nanoparticle are in a variety of areas, including medicine, engineering, catalysis, environmental remediation etc. Many properties unique to nanoparticle are related specifically to the particles’ size. Nanoparticle has been increasingly incorporated into food packaging to control the ambient atmosphere around food, keeping it fresh and safe from microbial contamination. Nanoparticle exhibits antimicrobial activity. The small size of nanoparticle is especially advantageous in medicine. Nanoparticle circulates widely throughout the body and enters cell. Techniques to detect and characterize nanoparticle include nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), infra red spectroscopy (IR), ultra-violet and visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), extended X-ray adsorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), X-ray absorption near- edge spectroscopy (XANES), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) etc. Treating water with the help of nanoparticle can contribute to a better water quality, by killing bacteria, removing toxic metals, decomposing organic contaminants, or even removing oil. Iron nanoparticle helped to clean groundwater that was contaminated with toxic chemicals. Copper nanoparticle used for a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by efficiently convert carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuels.

Chitosan-Based Azo-Schiff Base: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation Brijesh K Singh, Yadvendra Singh, Tamal Ghosh and P.K.Dutta* *Deptt of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India [email protected]

Azo dyes are characterized by the presence of the azo moiety (–N=N–) in their structure, conjugated with two, distinct or identical, mono- or polycyclic aromatic systems. Schiff bases have also been shown to exhibit a broad range of biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antiproliferative, anti- inflammatory, antiviral, and antipyretic properties. In our present investigation we have synthesized azo dye using 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-nitroaniline. The resultant azo dye was again reacted with 6-amino-2-napyhoic acid to get the respective azo-Schiff base. The synthesized compound was characterized by 1H NMR, Mass spectroscopy, UV and PL spectroscopy. Finally synthesized azo-Schiff base compound was reacted with chitosan solution in different ratios to obtain the desired concentration for electrospinning. The parameters of electrospinning were optimized to get fine tune nano fibers. The chitosan based azo-Schiff base compound was then tested for their antimicrobial activity using Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160, Gram +ve), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 121, Gram +ve), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688, Gram -ve) and Escherichia coli (MTCC 739, Gram -ve) bacterial and Aspergillus niger (MTCC 3537) fungal strains.

Strategic Development Trends in the Global Pharmaceutical Industries Himanshu Lashkari, A.K. Singh*Uttam Singh, N. P. Singh** Department of Management Studies, **Department of Chemistry, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan *Department of VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur **Department of Chemistry, T.D.P.G. College, Jaunpur [email protected] and [email protected]

The main purpose of the paper is to research and evaluate the strategic development trends in the global pharmaceutical industry in the period 2004-2015. We aim to find that mergers and acquisitions prevail as a vital strategic development option in the world pharmaceutical industry. The research examines the exploratory hypothesis that

the intensive globalization process, increased competitiveness and changed structure of competitors, strongly influence the consolidation development trends in the global pharmaceutical industry which result in an increased number of mergers and acquisitions. The intensive consolidation of the global pharmaceutical industry is a market driven process and conditioned by several strategic issues, such as lack of brand new products, increased competitiveness, fast globalization process, intensive global marketing and sals activities, changed structure of competitors, fight for global market shares and customers’ loyalty. There is clear evidence that the global pharmaceutical industry and market are both becoming more oligopolistic and monopolistic.

Gap Analysis of Microbiological Safety of Street Vended Momos of Different Regions of Allahabad Priyanka Singh1, Vibha Singh1, Shreyasi Dubey1, and Pinki Saini1 1Centre of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University Of Allahabad, Allahabad, [email protected]

The study was carried out to find the gap between FSSAI Regulation, 2011 and the present microbiological quality of street-vended momos samples, which were collected from different locations of Allahabad District, (U.P.). A total of twenty momos samples (Momos and dips) were collected from the vendors in aseptic containers and immediately transferred to the laboratory for analysis from five different reigons (Katra, Allahpur, Civil lines, Chawk, and Sangam) of Allahabad. The Total Bacterial Count of dip ranges from (0.59×102 _ 11.27×102)cfu/g; whereas the Yeast and Mold count was in the range of (0.27×102_ 9.27x102).The samples were also analysed for presence of pathogens viz. Salmonella, Shigella, and E.coli. by selective plating and biochemical characterization. Out of 20 samples about 90% of the samples were positive for E. coli., Shigella was found in about 50% of dip samples and 60% in samples of momos, whereas about 80% dip samples were found contaminated with Salmonella while 70% of the momos samples were found contaminated. Microbial contamination of ready-to-eat foods sold by street vendors and hawkers has become a major health problem. Street food vendors are mostly uninformed of good hygiene practices (GHP) and causes of diarrhoeal diseases, anemia, kidney failure, typhoid, food borne etc. Hence, measures need to be taken to ensure that street vended food products should be produced and stored hygienically at appropriate temperatures and well protected from all sources of contamination. Key words: Street foods, food borne illness, food pathogen.

Effects of Light and Temperature on Growth and Survival of Green Algae Spirogyra and Pithophora Sagar preeti and Agarwal S.C Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., India [email protected]

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of light and temperature on growth and survival of green algae spirogyra and pithophora. The observation under Laboratory condition shows that the algae spirogyra in both pond and tap water grow for some days, but finally the algae could not grow nor survive both in pond and tap water. The growth of algae pithophora in tap water is constant but it gradually grows in pond water and is survive under the effect of light and temperature. In conclusion this study suggests that besides light and temperature algae need some additional nutrients to grow and survive.

Multifaceted Biomedical Applications of Silver Nanoparticles Saumya Khare1* and Om Prakash1 1Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, U.P., 221005 [email protected], [email protected]

Among various metals, silver had the remarkable history in the treatment of wounds and pathogenic infections. But with the advent of antibiotics, the use of silver compounds has drastically reduced. Furthermore, the various pathogenic microbes have developed resistance against numerous antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases and hence causing an emerging problem of multidrug resistance. In the last few years, nanotechnology has attracted considerable attention of the various researchers due to its potential to control the size of the metals to their extreme nanosize. The silver nanoparticles have now been emerged as an important compounds in the biomedical field. It is due to the fact of its unique properties; such as optical activity, conductivity, catalytic activity, biocompatibility and high surface to volume ratio as compared to their bulk counterparts. The antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles have provided an additional avenue in the era of biomedicine. The multifaceted applications of silver nanoparticles in the biomedical field include diagnostic, therapeutic, drug delivery, imaging, and biosensors, etc. The current article emphasizes on the far reaching applications of silver nanoparticles and their therapeutic potential in medicine. The article also deals with the antimicrobial and anticancerous efficiency of silver

nanoparticles showing their promising applications for controlling infections, diagnosis of diseases and cancer treatments. Keywords: Silver nanoparticle; Therapeutics; Drug delivery; Disease diagnosis; Biosensors.

Computational Approaches for Gene Prediction using DSP Technique through MATLAB 1Anil Kumar Singh, 2Shivesh Tiwari, 3Bhu Dev Mishra

Gene prediction is the process of identifying protein coding regions in a given DNA sequence. The protein-coding regions of DNA sequences exhibit a period-3 behavior due to codon structure. DSP techniques can be used for gene prediction. Traditionally these regions are identified with the help of techniques such as windowed DFT. In this work, efficient digital filters and Electron-Ion Interaction Pseudo potential (EIIP) are used for developing gene prediction algorithms. Moreover, an comparative study of different methods is also done. Experimental results have shown that the EIIP technique, is the best gene prediction technique, and it can be further used in the identification of hotspots in proteins. Keywords: Gene Prediction, DSP Technique, FFT, MATLAB.

Emerging Roles of Nanotechnology In Agriculture: Scope And Limitations Shikha Singh and Sheo Mohan Prasad Ranjan Plant Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India [email protected]

Nanotechnology is science of manipulating materials at nano-scale. Among the latest technological advancements, it is one of the fastest developing fields with potential to revolutionize the agricultural systems, biomedicine, environmental engineering, safety and security, and several other areas. It is presumed that nanotechnology will make agriculture sustainable and profitable by reducing the use of fertilizers, pesticides and water due to their enhanced use efficiency. It is also thought that nanotechnology enabled devices would make farming more precise and provide early warning systems to provide information on any impending risks due to biotic and abiotic factors. This would mean enhanced food and nutritional security. Hence, nanotechnology has a high

potential for achieving sustainable agriculture, especially in developing countries. On the other hand excess of anything is not good so over use of nanotechnology in any system leads to several negative implications. Due to very small size these nanoparticles are might not be detectable after release into the environment and show negative impacts on plants and other life forms. Many nano products are already available in the market with or without appropriate labeling, and not much information are available regarding the interaction between nano-materials and biological system. Therefore understanding the impact of nano-materials on soil and plant health is important. This article provides an overview of current and potential applications of nanotechnology in agriculture sector. It also emphasizes the more research to study the impact of nanotechnology on agriculture and develop regulatory protocol for safe production, use and release of nano-materials to minimize the environmental Nanotoxicity.

Key words: Agriculture, Limitation, Nanotechnology, Nanotoxicity,

Growth Responses Of Rice Seedlings Treated With Nano Form Of ZnO Anita Singh and Sheo Mohan Prasad Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U.P., India 211002

Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary area of science and it has encountered immense progress due to its applications in recent decades. The term "Nanotechnology" is the study of manipulating matter up to atomic and molecular scale. It is an exciting field of research and there is growing interest in its application for biological and environmental safety. The particles having a size less than 100 nm diameters are called nanoparticles with different size-dependent properties compared to its original bulk material. Nanoparticles have many applications in different fields such as medical imaging, nanocomposites, filter, drug delivery and in agriculture system to improve crop production. In the present study also nano and bulk form of zinc oxide (ZnO) is applied to assess their effects by growing Oryza sativa (rice) plants in hydroponic condition. The growth medium is treated with ZnO as bulk and its nano-form having different concentrations 50, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm. Maximum growth was observed in seedlings at lower dose (50 ppm) of nano form of ZnO (NZnO) compared to all other treatments. The result is also supported by the enhancement in chlorophyll pigment contents and photosynthetic O2 evolution at lower dose of nanoform of ZnO than that of bulk form. These physiological changes led to higher yield of plant at lower dose than the higher one. So, the technique discussed in the present study is found to be very useful for increasing the yield of plants particularly in the form of nano-nutrient.

Salt Stress Influence The Chromosomal Aberrations On Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench) Akanksha Srivastava Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad [email protected]

Salinity is a major problem under the abiotic stress all over the world which influences the yield of crops. The present experimental work has been designed to find out the effect of salinity stress in Fagopyrum esculentum. For the experiment, the solution of salts viz. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and Potassium chloride (KCl) were prepared using four different concentrations viz. 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM and 200 mM with respect to control as a standard. The effects of this abiotic stress in buckwheat at cytological, morphological and biochemical level were studied. The different types of chromosomal abnormalities such as precocious movement, loop formation, laggards, stickiness etc. were found. The effect of NaCl and KCl concentrations on growth, chlorophyll and protein content of seedlings were investigated and concluded that NaCl is to be more toxic than KCl in buckwheat plant. Key words- Salinity stress, NaCl and KCl, Chromosomal abnormalities, morphological and biochemical changes.

Determination Of Cephalexin Using Sulphide(II) Ion Selective Membrane Electrode Bharti Srivastava and M. C. Chattopadhyaya2 Electro Chemical Sensor Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002 (UP) INDIA [email protected], [email protected]

Antibiotic Cephalexin is used in the treatment of infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts. A Sulphide(II) Ion Membrane Electrode was fabricated using silver sulphide as an electro active material and PVC as an inert binding material. The electrode give linear response in the concentration range 1x10-1 – 1x10-5 mol dm-3 of Sulphide(II) ions. The working pH range was 3-10 and response time was 15 seconds. The electrode was selective for S(II) ion in the presence of number of anions such as

SO4(II), CO3(II), C2O4(II), SO3(II), Cl(I), Br(I), I(I). In the present work an attempt has been made to use this electrode as an indicator electrode in the determination of an antibiotic Cephalexin in its pure form and in

pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on alkaline degradation of drug and conversion of resulting sulphide in to lead(II) sulphide. For the verification of results obtained after electrometric determination, spectrophotometric determination was also employed. Keywords: Cephalexin, Electrometric technique.

Biodiversity Of Vam Fungi In Some Ornamental Plants Of Asteraceae Malvika Shekhar and Monica Basu Department Of Botany, University Of Allahabad, Allahabad – 211002 [email protected], [email protected]

VAM fungi are widely distributed common soil fungi which are symbiotically associated with roots or absorbing organs of 70-80% of plants ranging from bryophytes to flowering plants including aquatic plants. These fungi are unique as they are present partly inside the host and partly outside the roots. They increase the absorption and translocation of immobile essential ions such as phosphates, ammonium and nitrates through bidirectional movement of nutrients. This results in better performance of the host plants. In recent years, ornamental plants have been in great demand and floriculture is now treated as an industry. To reduce the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as to improve the quality and quantity of floricultural products, VAM fungi can be used as biofertilizers. For biotechnological application in commercial plant production for floricultural purpose, there is a strong need to study the occurrence of native VAM fungal biodiversity including the pattern of their occurrence, distribution, identification and taxonomy in natural as well as in cultivated soils so that the selection of most effective fungal inoculam could be made for a particular plant or crop. Considering these facts, the present investigation was carried out in some of the ornamental plants belonging to family Asteraceae in district Allahabad. These are Callistephus, Calendula, Chrysanthemum, Dahlia, Gaillardia, Helichrysum and Pericallis. The VAM spore population in their rhizospheric soil was determined during vegetative and flowering stages of the selected plants. Plants showed wide range of variations in spore population. Highest average spore population was observed in Gaillardia at flowering stage whereas the lowest average spore population was recorded in Pericallis at vegetative stage. VAM spores with diverse morphological forms were found. Species of all the five genera have been recorded but species of Glomus were predominant.

Genotoxicity Of Silver Nanoparticles In Phaseolus Vulgaris L. G. Kumar and Nitu Chaudhary Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad. [email protected]

In the present era, nanoparticles have found immense application in a wide array of materials such as cosmetics, electronic goods, pharmaceutical and health care products etc. The wide use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in various commercial products has raised concern over their impact on human beings and the environment. The present study enumerates the effect of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles viz. 12, 32 and 52 µg/ml, on germination percentage, root growth, active mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations in meristematic root tip cells of Phaseolus vulgaris L. The results clearly reveal that the germination percentage, root growth and active mitotic index decreased significantly along with increasing concentrations of silver nanoparticles. The exposure of silver nanoparticles decreased the active mitotic index in root tips cell as compared to control. The chromosomal aberrations encountered in the treated root tips were stickiness at metaphase and anaphase stages followed by precocious movement, unorientation and scattering. Bridges and laggards were the other common abnormalities found during the anaphasic stages at various concentrations of silver nanoparticles. The total abnormality percentage increased from 3.66% (at 12 μg/ml) to 15.53% (at 52 μg/ml). The extent of chromosomal abnormalities is directly related to the concentration of the silver nanoparticles. Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, active mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, genotoxic, Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Use Of Nanotechnology In Modified Seed Mousmi Syed Department Of Genetics And Plant Breeding ,Institute Of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University,Jhansi (U.P.)-284001 [email protected]

Nanotechnology is the technology of functional systems at the molecular scale, this cover both current work and concept that are more advance. The 2000s have seen the beginnings of the application of nanotechnology in commercial products, all though most application are limited to the bulk use of passive nanomaterials i.e, material that are at least one of the dimensions of about 1 to 10 nanomaterials . The word ‘nano’

comes from the greek word ‘nanos’ meaning dwarf. The term nano is the factor 10.9 or one billion. Just to get a feeling of the size, we note that the diameter of one hydrogen atom is 0.1nm. five atoms of carbon would occupy a space about nanometer wide. These reduced dimensional systems have novel electronic ,chemical,mechanical and optical properties. Nanotechnology is also being applied to ordeveloped for application to a variety of industrial and purification process. There is a wide use of this technology in the field of agricutlture. Resources in agriculture are limiting day by day and hence precision farming is the need of the hours. Nan sensors and nano-based smart delivery system could help in the efficient use of agricultural nature resources like water, nutrients and chemicals though precision farming. Nanosensores with the help of global positioning system can be used to detect the threshold level of insect-pest, viruses, disease, water requirement etc. nano-encapsulated fertilizers are slow in release, have improved fertilizer use efficiency and causes lower environmental pollution. Plant mixed with nonmaterial to make their study inside living plant system more precise and accurate. Two important nanoparticles used in seed research are zinc oxide and silver oxide nanoparticles.Zno nanoparticles are to enhance the seed germination and root growth in Chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) through their phytostimulary effect on growth hormones especially Indole Acetic acid (IAA).Zno nanoparticles found to have yield enhancing abilities. There is an optimum level of concentration of nanoparticles at which they show maximum yield benefits, over and above which Zno nanoparticles of 25nm mean particle size at 1000ppm concentration, it had promoted seed germination, seedling vigour, caused early flowering, seedling vigour,caused early flowering and high chlorophyll content. Silver nanoparticles was seen to have stimulatory effect on various plant growth parameters such as shoot and root ,leaf surface area, chlorophyll, carbohydrates and protein contents of economic important pulses, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) Different concentration of silver nanoparticles were used (20,40,60,80 and 100ppm).It was observed that small concentrations of silver nanoparticles had a stimulating effect on the growth of the plantlets.Nano-technology can be used in seed production programme.

Solvothermal Synthesis Of Heterogeneous Catalyst Consisting Of Polyoxometalate-Based Metal Complex: Characterization And Comparative Catalytic Study With Metal Complex Shiva Arun, Shahid Suhail Narvi, Narendra Deo Pandey, Amreen Naz

Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. 211004 [email protected]

A metal complex comprising of ruthenium(III) coordinated to two bipyridyl molecules and a bidentate chelating sulfur-nitrogen donor ligand in the form of N-(4- nitrophenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide have been synthesized and characterized.

Potassium silicotungstate (K4SiW12O40) was also synthesized and characterized. The metal complex was immobilized by anchoring on (K4SiW12O40) by hydrothermal method, thus synthesizing an organic-inorganic hybrid. The synthesized organic-inorganic hybrid was characterized by FT-I.R., elemental analysis, SEM, EDX and powder XRD. Analysis through EDX confirmed the stoichiometries of the organic-inorganic hybrid containing 1 Ru atom per 12 W atoms. Green procedure was followed during synthesis of organic- inorganic hybrid. The metal complex as well as organic-inorganic hybrid were studied for their catalytic activity for oxidative conversion of tetralin, cycloalkanes and cycloalcohols. The catalytic activity was monitored by gas chromatography. The products formed during catalysis were identified by mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The organic-inorganic hybrid as a heterogeneous catalyst was recycled and reused multiple times with no substantial loss of their catalytic activity. The heterogeneous catalyst showed high catalytic activity and product selectivity. Keywords: Polyoxometalates, Heterogeneous Catalyst

Temperature Induced Cytological Influences In The Root Meristem Of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba L.) Shefali Singh Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad-211002 [email protected]

Temperature has a very significant effect on the growth and development of plants. The fluctuating temperature has a considerable effect on chromosomal integrity and hence influences the cytology of plants. Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.), a semi arid crop was subjected to temperature stress comprising of heat stress (450C) and cold stress (60C); for a duration of 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours each on the root meristems, along with a control set (growth at room temperature). This was followed by fixation in Carnoy’s fixative. Cytological examination of the root meristems revealed a considerable decline in the Active Mitotic Index (AMI), but the decline was more profound in the case of cold stress as compared to heat stress. Various chromosomal anomalies were also

reported but more in the case of cold stress. Chromosomal anomalies included scattering, unorientation, stickiness, precocious movement in metaphase and anaphasic anomalies included laggard, bridges, unorientation, stickiness etc. Total abnormality percentages (Tab %) was more in case of cold stress. The present cytological results conclude that cold stress was comparatively more chromotoxic and mitotic decelerating as compared to the heat stress to the plant. Key words- Temperature stress, Cluster bean, root meristems, AMI, Tab%, chromosomal abnormalities.

Estimation Of Berberine From Tinospora Cordifolia By Hptlc Method Shivam singh*, Pragya singh, Abhinay singh, Shrikant Kaul [email protected]

High-performance thin layer chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of Berberine from a tribal deciduous climber Tinospora cordifolia based on its simplicity, specificity and sensitivity. An ion pair method using acidic dye methyl orange was used for the selective extraction of Berberine from shed dried stem of Tinospora cordifolia. A TLC aluminium sheet precoated with silica gel 60 F254 was used as the stationary phase. The mobile phase system consisting of n-butanol: glacial acetic acid: water (12: 3: 4 v/v) produces a good resolution of Berberine at Rf value of 0.55. Spectrodensitometric scanning analysis was performed at an absorbance wavelength of 350 nm. The calibration plot of Berberine exhibited good polynomial regression relationship (r = 0.9988) over a concentration range of 50-250 ng/spot. The Relative Standard Deviation for intra-day and inter-day precision analysis of Berberine was found to be 0.86-3.25% and 2.73-3.99%, respectively. Statistical analysis proved that the proposed method is accurate and reproducible. The proposed method was also applied for the estimation of Berberine from marketed formulations containing Tinospora cordifolia . Keywords: HPTLC, Berberine, Tinospora cordifolia, Methyl orange.

Genotoxic Effect of UV-B Radiation In The Root Meristem of Dolichos Lablab L. Swati Keserwani Plant Genetics Laboratory, Botany Department, University of Allahabad- 211002, India [email protected]

It is well known that the level of pollution is increasing at a steady rate.So,it is necessary to check the damaging effects of this pollution on the living organism. The arrival of UV-B rays on the earth is one of the lethal effect of increasing pollution in the whole world.Normally , UV-B rays comes under the category of physical mutagens.These physical mutagens causes severe damage to the plants & other living organism.The present experimental work has been carried out to study the effect of different duration of UV-B radiation in the root meristem of dolichos lablab L.The duration selected for the treatment work were 30min,50min,70min & 90min.it has been found that the AMI decreases with increases duration of UV-B rays.The different kinds of chromosomal abnormality were found such as stickiness,precocious,c-metaphase & scattering. Stickiness found to be dominant among these abnormality. Key Words- chromosomal abnormality AMI, physical mutagens,Dolichos lablab L.

Effects of Nanomaterials on The Environment Ajay Kumar Department of Zoology, SHS Govt. Degree College,Dhanapur Chandauli, U. P. India [email protected]

Nanopollution is a generic name for all waste generated by nanodevices or during the nanomaterials manufacturing process. Nanowaste is mainly the group of particles that are released into the environment, or the particles that are thrown away when still on their products. The thrown away nanoparticles are usually still functioning how they are supposed to (still have their individual properties), they are just not being properly used anymore. Most of the time, they are lost due to contact with different environments. For example, silver nanoparticles are used a lot in clothes to control odor, those particles are lost when washing them. The fact that they are still functioning and are so small that makes nanowaste a big concern. It can float in the air and might easily penetrate animal and plant cells causing unknown effects. Due to its small size, nanoparticles can have different properties than their own material when on a bigger size, and they are also functioning more efficiently because of its greater surface area. Most human-made nanoparticles do not appear in nature, so living organisms may not have appropriate means to deal with nanowaste. To properly assess the health hazards of engineered nanoparticles the whole life cycle of these particles needs to be evaluated, including their fabrication, storage and distribution, application and potential abuse, and disposal. The impact on humans or the environment may vary at different stages of the life cycle. One already known

consequences to metals exposure is shown by silver, if exposed to humans in a certain concentration, it can cause illnesses such as argyria and argyrosis. Silver can also cause some environmental problems. Due to its antimicrobial properties (antibacterial), when encountered in the soil it can kill beneficial bacteria that are important to keep the soil healthy. Environmental assessment is justified as nanoparticles present novel environmental impacts.

Analyses Of Heavy Metals (Cd, Cr, Pba, & Zn) In Treated & Untreated Sewage Samples Atul K Jaiswal & Meenakshi Pandey* *Associate Professor in Botany, KNIPSS, Sultanpur-228 118, U.P. *[email protected]

Organic wastes have accompanied human beings from the very beginings of existence. Sewage sludge, also referred as biosolids, is a byproduct of sewage treatment processes. The application of sewage sludge to agricultural land does not only provide a convenient method for the disposal of a waste product, but it also has the beneficial aspect of adding valuable plant nutrients and organic matter to the soil. The incorporation into the soil of organic matter in the form of sewage sludge resulted in a slight increase in the counts of all the analyzed groups of microorganisms. Some microorganisms may play an important role in the controlling of some plant diseases. Characteristics of sewage sludge depend upon the quality of sewage and type of treatment processes followed. Being rich in organic and inorganic plant nutrients, sewage sludge may substitute for fertilizer, but availability of potential toxic metals often restricts its uses. Environmental pollution is a worldwide problem, heavy metals belonging to the most important pollutants. Raw sewage contains significant concentrations of "heavy metals" which are not degraded by the processes of sewage treatment, they may leave the sewage treatment works in either the final effluent or the sludges produced. The concentration of the heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn increases in the ecosystem as a result of continuous emission of pollutants which exert a severe impact on their functioning. Toxicity of heavy metals depends on the physico-chemical properties of the recipient environment. These heavy metals are highly toxic to plants and animals. Their potentiality as hazardous chemicals has been widely acknowledged. Zinc is the element in sewage sludge-treated agricultural soil identified as the main

concern in relation to potential impacts on soil microbial activity and is also the most significant metal in compost with regard to soil fertility and microbial processes. Four heavy metals viz., Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn were estimated in treated and untreated sewage samples. Zn was found in higher quantity as compared to the other metals. The maximum quantity of Zn (1790 µgL-1 and 1170 µgL-1 in untreated and treated sewage samples, respectively) was recorded in July whereas the minimum level in untreated and treated sewage (805 µgL-1 and 512 µgL-1, respectively) was recorded in October and September, respectively. The group comparison test (one way ANOVA) for untreated and treated sewage samples having range of variation in heavy metal (Cd and Zn) contamination was performed. Here the calculated F-value is much higher than the F-critical for α=0.05, hence, the test is found to be significant and the null hypothesis is rejected. The group comparison test (one way ANOVA) for untreated and treated sewage samples having range of variation in heavy metal (Cr and Pb) contamination was performed. Here the calculated F-value is much lower than the F-critical for α=0.05, hence, the test is found to be insignificant and the null hypothesis is accepted.

Ordination Analysis Determining Environmental Factors Responsible For Distribution Of Zoobenthos Community In The River Paisuni, India Asheesh Shivam Mishra1 Prakash Nautiyal2 1Benthic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, N.G.B. University, Allahabad, U.P., 2Aquatic Biodiversity Unit, Department of Zoology & Biotechnology, H.N.B. Garhwal (Central) University, Srinagar, Uttrakhand, India [email protected]

The ordination analysis (Canonical correspondence analysis CCA) is a multivariate method to elucidate the relationships between biological components and environmental factors. Study was designed to determine the environmental factors governing the distribution of zoobenthos community in the Paisuni river at four stations (P1 to P4) located longitudinally along the river, with P1 being nearest the source of origin. Twenty quadrates (each 1ft2 area) were taken at each station and samples were collected through lifting of stones and sieving of substratum from various microhabitats. The fauna was dominated by insects at all the stations. Total density increased from P1 to P3, decreased at P4 and differed significantly among the stations. Increase in the relative abundance from P1 to P4 was observed for Baetidae, Chironomidae and

Gomphidae, and a decrease for Leptophlebiidae, Heptageniidae, Neoephemeridae, Rhyacophilidae and Thiaridae. Ordination analysis indicated that Rhyacophilidae was the characteristic taxon at P1, Thiaridae at P2 and Chironomidae at stations P3 and P4. Ordination analysis revealed current velocity was the most important variable causing 29.26 % longitudinal variation in taxonomic composition from P1 to P4, followed by substratum (18.29 %) and landuse (18.29 %). Thus current velocity, substratum and landuse were the major environmental factors influencing the relative composition of zoobenthos community. Keywords: Central Highlands, Chironomidae, Current velocity, CCA, Paisuni

Prevalence Of Pathogens In Street Vendend Panipuri In Allahabad Shreyasi Dubey1, Vibha Singh1, Priyanka Singh1, and Pinki Saini1 Centre of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, [email protected]

The study was carried out to assess the microbiological quality of street-vended Panipuri samples, which werecollected from different locations of Allahabad District, (U.P.). A total of twentyPanipurisamples (Matar and Pani) were collected from the vendors in aseptic containers and immediately transferred to the laboratory for analysis from five different reigons (Katra, Allahpur, Civil lines, Chawk, and Sangam) of Allahabad. The Total Bacterial Count ranges from (2.90x 101 _ 24.0x 102)cfu/g; whereasthe Yeast and Mold count was in the range of (.27x101_ 12.8x 102).The samples were also analysed for presence of pathogens viz. Salmonella, Shigella, and E.coli. by selective plating and biochemical characterization.Out of 20 samples about 80% of the samples were positive for E. coli., Shigella was found in about 70% in pani samples of panipuri and 60% in matar samples of panipuri, whereas about 100% pani samples of panipuri were found contaminated with Salmonella.Most of the studies done on street foods in India and abroad have indicated that these foods are not meeting the microbiological standards and are contaminated with various pathogens. The food borne illnesses associated with the consumption of street foods are leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hence, measures need to be taken to ensure that street vended food products should be produced and stored hygienically at appropriate temperatures and well protected from all sources of contamination. Key words : Street foods, food borne illness, food pathogen.

Estimation of Effect of Reservoir Parameters of Gomati River around Jaunpur City On the degree of self- purification of water Ramesh Kumar Singh and Alok Mishra * Deptt. of Chemistry, T.D. College1 NGBU Allahabad, NGBU, Jamunipur kotwa, Allahabad*

Nanotechnology A Change In Medicine Uma Jaiswal BMM Degree College, Bharwari, Kaushambi. (U.P.)

Nanotechnology is a relatively recent development in scientific research. The term "Nanotechnology" was first defined by Nano teniguchi of the tokyo science university in a 1974 paper as follows: "Nano-technology mainly consistence of the processing of, separation, consolidation and deformation of materials by one atom or on molecule. Drexler's vision of nanotechnology is often called "Molecular Nanotechnology (MNT) of molecular manufacturing" and Drexler at one point proposed the terms 'zettatech' which never become popular. Nanotechnology has a potential to combat/solve problems in agriculture and medicine with new tools for molecular treatment of disease, rapid disease detection enhancing the ability of animals and plants to absorb nutrients etc. smart sensors and smart delivery system will help the agriculture to fight against the viruses and pathogens. In near future the Nanostructure catalysts will be available which will increase the efficiency of pesticide and herbicides, allowing lower doses to be used. Thus, we should thank the nanotech, which is revolutionizing our future by designing and shaping molecule and atoms. And in agriculture & medicine

with nanotech we can expect reduced use of pesticides improved plant growth and products nano-bioindustrial products. Nanotechnology Molecule Medicine and Effect.

Impact Of Social Networking Sites On Social Life: A Sociological Perspective Ramesh Chandra Yadav Academic Consultant- sociology, School of social science, UPRTOU Allahabad [email protected]

We live in the age of science and technology. Scientific inventions and modern day technologies have completely changed the human life. The rise in the past few years of social networking sites such as facebook and twitter, have had major impact on social interaction among people. Social Networking Sites Social Networking Sites is a pharse used to describe any website that enables users to create public profiles within that website and form relationships with others users of the same website.Social networking sits can be used to describes community based websites,on line discussions forums, chat rooms and other online social spaces. Social networking provides interactive involvement with other people. Long ago, most children and teens were limited to joining community, neighbourhood, and school groups .They were not that exposed to events and happenings outside their community. But with social networking and the internet in general ,correspondence to virtually any one from anywhere is possible. References.: 1.Ahmed O. H, Sullivm S. J, Schneiders A. G,

3+ 3+ Effect of Sm on optical properties of Eu doped La(OH)3 nano-crystalline phosphor: Energy transfer and effect of sensitizer R. S. Yadav and S. B. Rai Laser & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India [email protected]

electron microscopic (TEM) techniques. The optical properties of the samples have been investigated under 355 nm laser excitations. The sample emits intense red emissions at 5 7 5 7 3+ 625 and 707 nm due to D0 → F2 and D0 → F4 transitions in Eu ion, respectively. In this work, the Sm3+ ion transfers its excitation energy to Eu3+ efficiently, which enhances the emission intensity of Eu3+ bands. The concentrations of both, Eu3+ and Sm3+ in the 3+ samples were optimized at 1.0 mol% with the emission intensity. The presence of Sm in the Eu3+ doped sample enhances the emission intensity upto two times. The sample annealed at higher temperature shows significant enhancement in the emission intensity. The energy transfer from Sm3+ to Eu3+ ions have been confirmed by life time studies and it has been discussed with the help of schematic energy level diagram.

Nanotechnology: Applications and Implications for the Environment Soni Srivastava Dept Of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls’ Degree College, University Of Allahabad, Allahabad. [email protected]

The use of nanotechnology has increased rapidly due to its unique valuable properties. The concept of nanotechnology is not new; it was started over forty years ago. According to the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), nanotechnology is defined as the utilisation of structures with at least one dimension of nanometre size for the construction of materials, devices or systems with novel or significantly improved properties due to their nano-size. Nanobiotechnology is often used to describe the overlapping multidisciplinary activities associated with biosensors - particularly where photonics, chemistry, biology, biophysics nanomedicine, environmental biology and engineering converge. Nanotechnology can be thought of as extensions of traditional disciplines towards the explicit consideration of these properties. Additionally, traditional disciplines can be re-interpreted as specific applications of nanotechnology. Environmental pollution and waste elimination has become a major problem throughout the world. Efficient sewage treatment, degradation of water quality, detoxification of wastes and industrial effluents, bio control of plant disease and insect pests are the fancied areas of research in environmental biotechnology. Nanotechnology is being used to develop solutions to three very different problems in water quality. One challenge is the removal of industrial wastes, such as a cleaning solvent called TCE, from groundwater. Nanoparticles can be used to convert the contaminating chemical through a chemical reaction to make it harmless. Studies have shown that this method can be used successfully to reach contaminates dispersed in underground ponds and at much lower cost than methods

which require pumping the water out of the ground for treatment. Nanotechnology can improve the performance of catalysts used to transform vapors escaping from cars or industrial plants into harmless gasses. Applications of nanotechnology have the potential to change the entire environmental pollution and even waste treatment.

Phytosynthesis Of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles And Their Applications In Protecting Plant Against Abiotic Stress Imtiyaz Hussain, Ajey Singh, and N. B. Singh Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India [email protected]

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) were synthesized using Azadirachta indica leaf extract and their application in protecting plant against Benzoic acid (BA) stress were studied. The phytosysnthesized CeO2 NPs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Particle size analyser (DLS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterization of CeO2 NPs revealed particles of the cubic structure (XRD), spherical shape (SEM) with the particle sizes ranging from 90-100 nm (DLS).The antioxidant activity of CeO2 NPs was examined by visualizing the biophysical and biochemical parameters of the test plant. The exposure of tomato seedlings to BA stress adversely affected the seedling growth but application of CeO2 NPs protected plant seedlings against BA stress and mitigated the effect of BA stress.

Our results possibly indicate about an involvement of CeO2 NPs as antioxidants in plant system by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). The phytosynthesis of CeO2 NPs is a simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly approach and it will also potentially helpful to control autointoxication which is one of the major problems in monocropping.

Interconnection Network with Nanotechnology Rakesh Kumar Katare, Sunil Tiwari, Arti Pandey Department of Computer Science, A.P.S.University Rewa [email protected]

This paper explores the Interconnection Network with Nano technology introduced by emerging fabrication of architecture. In this study processors are enables execution signal/data between heterogeneous processor for the required function, which avoiding defective nodes. The layout of the non-blocking network is described with performance evaluation through mathematical pattern and algorithmic approach. This paper also

presented the nature of Nano-Computing and research challenges to establish communication, development of new architecture / Interconnection Network or protocol, which needs to be evolving nano devices and Nano-integrated technology within the next couple of decades.

Keywords: Interconnection Network, Integration, Nano Computing, Mathematical Pattern, Nanoprocessor.

Estimation Of Berberine From Tinospora Cordifolia By Hptlc Method Aarti Pandey [email protected]

Structural & Optical Studies on Nano-crystalline CuInS2 Powder for Solar Cell Applications Deepshikha Tripathi, C.P. Singh and S.L. Agrawal [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

In the present work, CuInS2 nano particles have been prepared by co-precipitation method using CuCl2, InCl3 and Na2S as precursor materials. Mercaptoacetic acid has been used as capping agent in the synthesis process. Microstructural and optical properties of the CuInS2 powder have been characterized by X-ray diﬀraction (XRD), FTIR

and UV – Vis absorption spectroscopy. Results indicate formation of CuInS2 quantum dots possessing cubic structure with the crystallite size 7.15nm. Formation of CuInS2 has also been confirmed through the appearance of 3430, 2850 and 1660 cm-1 absorption peaks in FTIR spectra. Optical absorption spectra shows band gap energy for these quantum dots as 1.5eV which reveals its utility in solar cell applications. All the results have been suitably explained.

Development Of Nanoferrites Using Green Chemistry Route For Nano Filtration Nidhi Bagga , S. L. Agrawal SSI Laboratory, Department of Physics, APS University, Rewa, India [email protected]; [email protected]

In the present work, nanocrystalline inverse spinel structure of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) has been synthesized by green chemistry route using a natural proteic solution of coconut water and neem extract. The synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-vis and impedance spectroscopy. The characteristic peaks match well with reported values (JCPDS card no.: 44-1485) and no secondary phase has been detected in the XRD profile of synthesized material thereby ensuring formation of single phase in the product. According to the calculation using Debye- Scherrer’s formula, the crystalline size ranges from 35nm to 56nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of metal oxide band. The band gap of the nanocrystalline NiFe2O4 has been obtained as 5.75eV during UV-Visible measurements. Electrical conductivity has been evaluated using impedance spectroscopy to determine the utility of nanoferrites in nanofiltration applications. All the results have been suitably explained.

Variance Estimation Using Arithmetic Mean Geometric Mean and Harmonic Mean Under SRSWOR Prabhakar Mishra and Rajesh Singh Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005

In this paper we suggest some estimators of population variance using auxiliary information based on arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean. We have also suggested an almost unbiased estimator for estimating population variance. The expressions of MSE have been derived up to the first order of approximation. It has

been shown that almost unbiased estimator gives better result than estimators included in the paper. Numerical illustrations are given in support of the present study. Keywords: Auxiliary information, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, mean square error, unbiased estimator and simple random sampling.

A New Exponential Ratio-Type Estimator for Population Variance with Linear Combination of Two Auxiliary Attributes *Nitesh K. Adichwal Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India [email protected]

This paper suggests a new exponential ratio-type estimator for estimating the population variance using information of two auxiliary attributes in SRSWOR based on the adaption of the estimator presented by Lu et al. (2014). Problem is extended to the case of two phase sampling. The expressions for the mean square error of the proposed estimator have been derived. The proposed estimator has been compared theoretically with the usual unbiased estimator, usual ratio type estimator, estimator proposed by Chauhan et al. (2009) and the estimator proposed by Singh et al. (2009) and the conditions under which the proposed estimator are better than some existing estimators have also been given. An empirical study has also been carried out using two population data sets to demonstrate the efficiencies of the proposed estimator. Key words: Auxiliary information, Auxiliary attribute, Simple random sampling, Mean Square Error.

Comparative Study On Status Of Sanitation Between India And Uttar Pradesh Neha Seth Research Scholar, Dept. of Community Medicine, IMS BHU, Varanasi [email protected]

Sanitation generally refers to principles, practices, provisions, or services related to cleanliness and hygiene in personal and public life for the protection and promotion of human health and well being and breaking the cycle of disease or illness. It is also related to the principles and practices relating to the collection, treatment, removal or disposal of human excreta, household waste water and other pollutants. In this paper a study have been performed to describe the status of sanitation in U.P. and it is

comprises with the Sanitation status of India. For the above purposes secondary data from Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets of the Census 2001 and Census 2011, data by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Swacha Bharat Mission (Gramin), Baseline Survey-2012 and some facts and figures given UNICEF and WHO have been used for the fulfilment of the need. Analysis of the data has been performed for both at all India level and State level (Uttar Pradesh) level especially.

Estimating The Mean Of Stratified Population Using Double Sampling Scheme In The Presencre Of Missing Observations Manoj K. Chaudhary and Amit Kumar Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005

The present paper presents the salient feature on estimating the population mean in stratified random sampling using double sampling scheme in the presence of missing observations. We have used an auxiliary variable to estimate the population mean assuming that the missing observations is observed on only study variable. A general family of estimators of population mean has been introduced under the situation in which the population mean of auxiliary variable is unknown. The properties of the suggested family have been conferred and the optimum estimator has been determined. A study of cost survey has been carried out. The theoretical results have also been comprehended with the support of empirical study.

Estimation Of Population Proportion Using Two Phase Sampling Scheme In The Presence Of Non-Response B.B. Khare and P.S. Jha* Department of statistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India [email protected], [email protected]

In this paper we have proposed two classes of estimators for population proportion using auxiliary character using two phase sampling in the presence of non-response on the study character. Some members of the proposed classes of estimators are also given. The expressions for bias and mean square error of the proposed classes of estimators are obtained in case of fixed sample size. An empirical study has been conducted in the support of the proposed estimators.

Improved Class Of Chain Type Estimators For Ratio Of Two Population Means Using Two Auxiliary Characters In The Presence Of Nonresponse B.B.Khare and Utkarsh Department of statistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, [email protected]

An improved class of chain type estimators for ratio of two population means (R) using two auxiliary characters has been proposed in the presence of non-response and their properties are studied. The expression for bias and mean square error of the proposed class of estimators for R have been obtained. The optimum values of , and have been obtained for the fixed cost and for the specified variance . The proposed class of estimators for R is found to be more efficient than the relevant estimators for fixed sample sizes and also for the optimum values of , and for fixed cost . For the specified variance , the expected cost incurred in the estimation of the proposed estimator is found to be minimum than the expected cost incurred the relevant estimators. The theoretical as well as empirical studies have been conducted which shows the efficiency of the proposed class of estimators with respect to the relevant estimators. Keywords: Auxiliary characters, bias and mean square error, chain-type estimator, non- response.

Role of Statistics in Biological Sciences Beer Pal Singh* and G. K. Dwivedi** *Department of Mathematics and Statistics, SHIATS, Allahabad **School of Education, UPRTOU, Allahabad [email protected]

Importance and role in various subjects in biological for the analysis of the biological data, statistical tools gives accurate results with the help of statistical tools so these results are scientifically corrects in this process now a days in this we use many statistical software as SPSS, STATA and SYSTAT. Statistics are and so many others. This paper gives allied in this direction.

Bayesian Semi Parametric Inferences on Heart Attack Disease Patients Naveen Chandra Department of Statistics, Ramanujan School of Mathematical Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605 014, India [email protected]

This article attempts Bayesian Semi Parametric approach pertaining to Heart Attack Disease problem. The heart disease is very common in humanities. There are several covariates are identified by the researchers for such disease in literature studies. Bayesian approach is proposed which allows full and exact inference. It seen that the classical approach essentially ignores covariates and is either based upon parametric assumptions or is limited to asymptotic inference in non-parametric settings. Finally, we present a fairly detailed analysis of a set of survival times with moderate censoring for patients with heart attack disease.

Semi-Parametric Modeling with R Software in Survival Analysis Shailendra kumar*, S.K. Pandey*, V.K. Sehgal** *Department of Statistics, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226007, India **Department of Mathematical Sciences and Computer Applications, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi-284128, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

A semi-parametric approach is described for an accelerated failure time model. The use of semi-parametric survival models has become rather common, since they offer a computationally and conceptually appealing approach for capturing the individual survival times within groups. The error distribution is assigned a Polya tree prior. Mixture of Polya trees a very flexible, semi-parametric approach for modeling time to event data. We used Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling techniques with R software. This paper provides set of programs for the implementation of some semi- parametric models in R Software. Keywords: Semi-parametric, Polya tree, Markov chain Monte Carlo, R Software.

An Assessment of Effect of Sources of Water and Sanitation on Child Health in Varanasi G.P. Singh and Abhishek Singh Chauhan* Department of Community Medicine, IMS, BHU, Varanasi [email protected]

Access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation is essential for healthy life and can significantly reduce public expenditure on preventable diseases and epidemics like cholera, diarrhea, typhoid, and dracunculiasis etc, arising from contaminated drinking

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water and unhygienic disposal of human waste. According to the World Health Organization, about 1.7 million deaths annually are related to drinking unsafe water and poor disposal of wastes (WHO 2007). Children are the most vulnerable, due to their low natural immunity, and a high percentage of infant mortality and morbidity is linked to contaminated water and lack of hygienic sanitation.The study was carried out in Sir Sunderlal Hospital BHU, Varanasi. The sample comprises of the children arriving for treatment in the hospital. The risk is 6.8 times higher in using field as compared to flush in stunt children i.e. The risk of getting stunt is higher if using field as compared to flush and it is statistically significant. The risk is 1.92 higher in using pit as compared to flush in stunt children i.e. The risk of getting stunt is higher if using pit as compared to flush but it is not statistically significant.

Bayesian Estimation for Exponentiated Gamma Distribution Using Progressive Type-II Censored Data Abhimanyu Singh Yadav Department of Statistics, PUC, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796001 [email protected]

In this paper, we proposed the Bayesian estimation for the parameter and reliability function of exponentiated gamma distribution under progressive type-II censored samples. The Bayes estimate of the parameter and reliability function are derived under the assumption of independent gamma prior by three different approximation methods namely Lindley's approximation, Tierney-Kadane and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Further, the comparison of Bayes estimators with corresponding maximum likelihood estimators have been carried out through simulation study. Finally, a real data set has been used to illustrate the above study in realistic phenomenon.

Estimating the Completeness of Death Registration with Limited Data G.P. Singh*, Anurag Verma*, Abhinav Singh** * Department of Community Medicine, IMS, & DST-CIMS, BHU, Varanasi ** Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad [email protected]

The assessments of World Health Organization comparative related the quality of mortality data state that it is poor in developing countries. As a result of it the developing countries gradually continue the efforts to improve the civil registration and

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vital statistics system. Thus it become important for demographer to assess or evaluate the progress of efforts made to improve the quality of mortality data. The present study is an attempt towards it. The main objective of this study is to estimate completeness of registration of deaths under Civil Registration System (CRS) as well as correcting the death rates to estimate adjusted age specific death rate (ASDR) and hence to construct a Life Table. The analysis of life table was done using adjusted ASDR which gives accurate measure of life expectancy in comparison to other method. In particular, we adopt Bennett and Horiuchi (1983) method for situations in which mortality data are limited. Our approach would be useful for certain developing countries that have not been regularly collecting death counts by age. We also demonstrate an application of this approach to same data from India and its selected states. Keywords: Bennett and Horiuchi, Life Table, Civil Registration System, Mortality Estimation

Performance Comparison of Different Metaheuristic, Nature Based Optimization Algorithms for the Solution of Travelling Salesman Problem Anil Kewat Deptt. of Mathematical Sciences & Computer Application, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected]

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is widely studied problems in combinatorial optimization. The Travelling salesman problem cannot be effectively solved with exact algorithms therefore the need for metaheuristics algorithms which have shown to be good TSP solvers. This problem is known to be the NP- hard problems that cannot be solved by traditional approach. Therefore, Different solutions have been developed to find the optimal solution of TSP problem. In this paper we study six approaches like simulated annealing, Genetic algorithm, Ant colony optimization, Tabu search algorithm, Particle Swarn Optimization, Cuckoo Search algorithm and Memetic algorithm. Results show that the Nature Inspired algorithms are among the most powerful algorithms for combinatorial optimization which is going to have a wide impact on future generation computing. Keywords: TSP, NP-Hard problem, Combinatorial optimization.

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Pearson Correlation Matrix for Vitamins with Hematocrit Anjali Saxena*, Avanish Kumar*, P. N. Shrivastava* Deptt. of Mathematical Sciences & Computer Application, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected]

Vitamins are organic substances present in small amount of many foods. Although vitamins are needed in small amounts are very essential for health and well being of the body of human beings. The present study in this paper is based on questionnaire, which has been collected personally from warranty donors of age (18 - 55) years and compile their nutritive status on the basis of Balasbaramaniam S. C. , then evaluate the inference about the association between nutrients intake by various foodstuff through diet and hematocrit in blood of human beings. The present study reveals that relationship between them obtained by Pearson correlation coefficient and found that folic acid total and thiamine shows negative correlation and other vitamins shows positive correlation.

Association between Woman’s Empowerment and Health Status of Children Abhinav Singh and Anuj Kumar Singh Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002

Women’s Empowerment is critical to ensure the socio-economic development of any community. In order to bring women into the mainstream and to encourage their participation in the process of national development has, therefore, been a major concern of the Government. The role of women in the progress of family, in particular and of society in general, is unquestionable not only in India but also in many other developing countries. In the traditional society like India women are mainly responsible for up bring of the status of children. There is plenty of literature that the children of well educated mothers are well educated and healthy. The reason behind it is that better status of women provide them opportunity and freedom to take good decision making for their children. Many researchers have argued that women’s empowerment is closely associated to positive outcomes for families. Families where women play an important role in decision making, the proportion of family resources devoted to children is greater than in families in which women play a less decisive role. There are a number of ways assessments of status of a latent phenomenon. This study uses Factor

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analysis technique for the assessment of women’s status as well as children’s status of different states of India. Data for the study is taken from NFHS-3. Different states of India are also ranked on the basis of status of women’s and the health status of children. Further the relation between two phenomenons is obtained which validates the findings of previous studies.

Population Projection using Cohort Component Method G.P. Singh*, Anurag Verma* and Abhinav Singh** * Department of Community Medicine, IMS, & DST-CIMS, BHU, Varanasi ** Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad

The present study used to forecast the age specific fertility and mortality rate by using Lee-Carter modeling technique, the projected value of these rates are further used in component method for projecting the population of India. A cohort component technique is a widely used method of forecasting the age and sex specific population for future years. In implication of this method the initial population is stratified by age and sex and projections are based on survival ratio. The estimation of survival ratio is done by Lee-Carter model and estimation of age specific birth rate is done by using Gompertz model followed by some adjusted net migration. Keywords: Population forecast, Age specific mortality and fertility, Time series modeling

Correlated Gamma Frailty Models Based on Reversed Hazard Rate Arvind Pandey Department of Statistics, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl-796001,Mizoram, India [email protected]

Frailty models are used in the survival analysis to account for the unobserved heterogeneity in individual risks to disease and death. To analyze the bivariate data on related survival times (e.g. matched pairs experiments, twin or family data), the shared frailty models were suggested. Shared frailty models are used despite their limitations. To overcome their disadvantages correlated frailty models may be used. In this paper, we introduce the gamma correlated frailty models based on reversed hazard rate with three different baseline distributions namely, the generalized log logistic type I, the generalized log logistic type II and the modified inverse Weibull. We introduce the Bayesian estimation procedure using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to estimate the parameters involved in these models. We present a simulation study to compare the true values of the parameters with the estimated

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values. We also apply the proposed models to the Australian twin data set and a better model is suggested. Key words: Bayesian estimation, Correlated gamma frailty, Generalized log-logistic distribution type I, Generalized log logistic type II, Modified inverse Weibull distribution.

On Bayesian Estimation Of Inflated Geeta Distribution Peer Bilal Ahmad Department of Mathematics, Islamic University of Science & Technology, Awantipora, J&K, INDIA [email protected]

In this paper, we study the Inflated Geeta Distribution where inflation occurs at any of the support points.We derive the Bayes estimators of functions of parameters of the Infalted Geeta Distribution under squared error loss function and weighted square error loss functions. These estimators are better than the classical minimum variance unbiased estimators in the sense that they increase the range of the estimation and also have simpler form. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the results and a goodness of fit test is done using the maximum likelihood and Bayes estimators.

Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling for Population Projection G.P. Singh*, Anurag Verma*, Abhinav Singh** * Department of Community Medicine, IMS, & DST-CIMS, BHU, Varanasi ** Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad

This study considers use of Bayesian methodology for the age specific population projection using nonlinear growth model. A method of forecasting the age specific population for future years in which the initial population is stratified by age at different point of time and projections is generated by Bayesian hierarchical model. Estimate of parameters are obtained using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation technique. The diagnostic techniques used to ensure the convergence of the chains and estimates of parameters of the model along with their highest posterior density intervals. Inference of the model estimate and forecasts are drawn from the simulated samples. The present study was an attempt to show the application and suitability of the MCMC tool in the Bayesian data analysis for fitting population data and making projection of the future population, using Bayesian hierarchical model. The use of Bayesian approach

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in fitting the growth models allows for further extension over classical estimation method, leading to more forecasts and associated uncertainty measures. Keywords: Logistic model, nonlinear growth curve, MCMC, Open BUGS, Bayesian Inference, Gibbs Sampling

Biostatistics and Applications V.K.Chaudhary Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India [email protected]

This article attempts to predict the future for Biostatistics and Biostatistician in the coming years. Life will certainly be more complex & hard and there will be growth in population, large corporations and globalization generally. However, there will continue to be problems relating to Biology, Medicine, Health and Environment, so Biostatistician can surely play an important role, if they are willing to adapt to changing circumstances. Personal views are expressed concerning those areas of most recent development that seem likely to be continued in the coming years: Applications, Models, Advances in Computing, Forecasting, Sample Survey Designs and the profession of Biostatistics. In higher education system of India, Biostatistics is a part of Under Graduate and Post Graduate courses in Medicine, Pharmacy, Agricultural Science, Veterinary Science, Medical Sciences, Fishery Science, Forestry, Botany, Zoology, Biotechnology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, , Management and Technology. Biostatistics can also be used by research scholars working for their Ph. D. Degree and in other fields viz, Commerce, Economics, Rural Development and Engineering. Research worker working in Agriculture, Industrial Applications, Market Research, Share Forecasting and Forest Research can use the Biostatistics which can give guidance in conducting their respective experiments and to take statistically valid decisions. This article attempted to introduce the concepts of Biostatistics/ Statistics to those ignorant in the field, including, together with students of biological and health sciences. The research worker and teacher who wish to form a basic understanding of the statistical methods useful in their work.

Effect of Presence of One or More Outliers in the Estimation of Parameters of Type-I Extreme Value Distribution Pratyasha Tripathi Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. [email protected]

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The concept of Ranked set sampling was introduced by McIntyre (1952) in relation to estimating pasture yields. The Ranked set sampling procedure involves randomly drawing n sets of n elements each from a population for which an estimate of the mean is required and the n units of each set are ranked by using any suitable method of ranking. Bhoj (1997) had estimated the parameters of extreme value distributions using Ranked set sampling. In this paper the minimum variance linear unbiased estimators for the location and the scale parameter of the extreme value distribution has been obtained after introducing one or more outliers, i.e. after shifting the location of the extreme values (maxima or/and minima) of the ordered ranked set sample. Also the amount of percentage change in the estimate is obtained after shifting the location of the smallest and the largest observation of a ranked set sample from type-I extreme value distribution with known location and scale parameters.

Biostatistics and Application in Environmental Science Prem Kumar Patel Research Scholar, PFA Institute of Research Uttar Pradesh, Allahabad, U.P. [email protected] Environmental statistics is the application of statistical methods to environmental science. It covers procedures for dealing with questions concerning both the natural environment in its undisturbed state and the interaction of humanity with the environment. Thus weather, climate, air and water quality are included, as are studies of plant and animal populations. Environmental statistics covers a number of types of study. Baseline studies to document the present state of an environment to provide background in case of unknown changes in the future; Targeted studies to describe the likely impact of changes being planned or of accidental Regular monitoring to attempt to detect changes in the environment. Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical, biological and information sciencesincludingecology, biology, physics, chemistry, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology,lim nology, soil science, geology, atmospheric science, and geodesy) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems. Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment. Today it provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study ofenvironmental systems. Related areas of study include environmental studies and environmental engineering. Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions and policies towards the environment. Environmental

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engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect. Environmental scientists work on subjects like the understanding of earth processes, evaluating alternative energy systems, pollution control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global climate change. Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems. Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space, and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis. Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by (a) the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems, (b) the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation and (c) the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems. Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson's landmark environmental book Silent Spring along with major environmental issues becoming very public, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill, and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, "catching fire" (also in 1969), and helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study.

A Study of Migration Differentials in Eastern Uttar Pradesh Raj Kumar Yadav Research Scholar, Department of Statistics, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi [email protected]

Migration affects the population size and age structure of both the origin and destination places and simultaneously the social, economic and demographic characteristics of these two places are duly influenced. Apart from causes and consequences, the studies on migration differentials have significant implications concerning the nature and strength of the socioeconomic and demographic impact which migration has on places of origin and destination. This paper aims to study the migration differentials according to different background characteristics in the study area. Primary data has been used for this study collected by a survey planned for this study. It is found that different background characteristics have significant impact on migration. Key Words: Migration Differential, Migration Rate, Background Characteristics.

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Bayesian Inference for Errors in Variable Linear Dynamic Model Ranjita Pandey* and Anoop Chaturvedi** *Department of Statistics, University of Delhi **Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad [email protected]

Errors in Variable (EV) models, also known as Measurement Error (ME) models describe relationship between observed measures with error and the unobserved true value. In the present paper, we concentrate on the Bayesian analysis of a linear dynamic model where the covariates are subject to measurement errors. Marginal Posterior densities of the involved unknown parameters have been estimated based on the respective conditional posteriors under independent conjugate prior assumptions. Considering the equilibrium distribution to be the Bayesian posterior distribution, Gibbs sampling algorithm is engaged to obtain one step ahead prediction of the response variable. Key words: measurement error, linear dynamic regression, posterior densities, Gibbs sampler.

Prevalence of Thyroid Disorder among the Pregnant Women: A Meta Analysis Ankita Sharma and V.K. Shivgotra Department of Statistics, University of Jammu, Jammu -180006, India [email protected]

Thyroid disorder is most common in women’s as compare to male population. In females, this is the most common endocrine disorder during pregnancy resulting into abnormal maternal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy is associated with profound changes in thyroid function. Many studies have reported that thyroid prevalence shows variation with age, sex, dietary habits, stress and geographical location. So, in this article, we have studied the prevalence of Thyroid disorder among Indian female population during the pregnancy on the basis of earlier studies. Method: In the present study, MEDLINE, Pub Med, Google Scholar Data Bases from 2005-2015 were searched for prevalence of thyroid and burden of thyroid in pregnant women. A random effect model was used to obtain the pooled estimate of prevalence of thyroid disorder pregnancy in Indian female population. Results: A total of sixteen studies were identified on prevalence of thyroid disorder among the pregnant women from various parts of India covering a population of 10022. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 17.8% (95% CI 13.6% -22.5%).

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A meta analysis of epidemiologic studies revealed that the prevalence of our study was significantly lower than the prevalence reported Das et al (2014) and higher than the prevalence reported by Kharkongor et al (2011), however the heterogeneity in prevalence thyroid disorder across the studies was very high (p=0.0001). Keywords: Thyroid disease, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pregnency Background: The increasing prevalence of Thyroid disorders has led to the screening of general population in different parts of world in order to investigate the cause for rising incidence. It varies widely from 2.5% in Western Countries to 11% in Indian population. Among its two forms hyper and hypothyroidism, prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be more in Asian countries as compared to the western countries.

Application of Biostatistics in Medical and Biological Sciences Shivam Jaiswal Research Scholar, University Of Allahabad, Allahabad [email protected]

The main aim of biostatistics is the analysis of medical and biological data. Biostatistics is the application of statistical concepts and methods in biology, public health and medicine. The bio-statistical methods are statistical methods which are used in these fields. One major task of medical biostatistics is to understand why a disease occurs in certain area and why that disease does not occur in other areas. This paper gives the application of linear regression model in the field of medicine. The methods are explained by practical examples. Here repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to investigate the medical diseases. The other medical problem is the analysis of risk factor using relative risk regression analysis in the presence of multi-co linearity. This is a case of estimating regression coefficients. Key words: Multi-co linearity, relative risk, repeated measure analysis of variance.

New Optimal Orthogonal Additive Randomized Response Model Tanveer Ahmad Tarray Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir-192122, [email protected]

In this article a new additive randomized response model has been proposed. The properties of the proposed model have been studied. It has been shown theoretically

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that the suggested additive model is better than the one envisaged by Singh (2010) under very realistic conditions. Numerical illustrations are also given in support of the present study. Key words: Randomized response sampling, Estimation of proportion, Sensitive variable.

Estimation of size and duration of Social Network by Stochastic process Sunit Kumar1, & Prabhat Kumar Singh2 Astt. Prof., Dept. of Statistics, Jamshedpur Co-operative college, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand [email protected]

In this paper we used stochastic process to develop model to find probabilistic relationship to explain important characteristic of internet based social network. These relationships were derived using established Biostatistical stochastic models and extended it to social network. In this process of mathematical treatment, we derived that the Negative exponential distribution with certain parameters explains that interval between the occurrences of two successive registered members and the duration of the network asymptotically follows Erlang distribution. In this paper we also found the way to estimate the network size and duration which all possible member join the network. This paper gives the equations that predicts the Growth, Estimation of Size and Duration of Social Network and Finally, numerical study is given to illustrate the results. Key words: Social network, stochastic process, Markov chain stochastic process, Negative exponential Distribution, Network Size, Erlang Distribution, Network duration.

Socio-economic Differential in Breastfeeding Status and its Impact on Child Health. Evidence from India and Bangladesh Imran Ahmad, G.P. Singh Department of Community Medicine, IMS, BHU [email protected]

Background: Breast milk provides all the nutrients an infant needs during the first few months of life, as well as immunological agents that protect against disease. Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and survival. Globally, less than 40% of infants below six months of age are exclusively breastfed.

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Objective: This study is an attempt to present the comparable results on breastfeeding differentials in India and Bangladesh using DHS data. It is also being tried to compare the prevalence of selected diseases in infants according to their breastfeeding status. Method: This study has included six outcome variables namely exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding, acute respiratory infection, diarrhea, fever. Bivariate analyses, Chi square test and binary logistic regression models were used. Findings: Predominant and exclusive breastfeeding shows protective effect with the childhood diseases. The birth order of the child, place of delivery and delivery method has significant effect on breastfeeding practices in selected countries. Conclusion: Although the breastfeeding is universal in south Asia, but the practice of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding need to be promoted, it may significantly reduce childhood morbidity and mortality and improve the overall health situation of infants. Key Words: Breastfeeding, Child Health, Diseases etc.

Approximate ML Estimation of the Parameters of Johnson distribution Tanuja Sriwastava Department of statistics, University of Allahabad [email protected]

In this paper, the ml estimation of all the parameters of Johnson distribution is obtained. The exact estimation of the shape parameters are obtained but the procedures are not easy for the exact estimation of scale and location parameters. Hence they are obtained after using some approximations. An example is also given for highlighting the result and the estimates are compared with that of the one obtained by the ‘Easy fit’ software. Keywords: Johnson distribution, estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, power series function.

Using Two Phase Sampling Scheme in Estimating the Mean of Stratified Population under Non-Response Manoj K. Chaudhary and Saurabh Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

The present paper proposes a combined-type family of estimators to estimate the population mean of stratified population in the presence of non-response. In order to

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propose the family of estimators, we have used the information of an auxiliary variable. Under the situation when the population mean of the auxiliary variable is not known, two-phase sampling scheme has been utilized to suggest the family of estimators. The properties of the proposed family have been discussed. A study on cost of the survey is carried out to strengthen applications of the suggested family of estimators. To support the theoretical results, an empirical study has also been carried out.

Effect of Migration on Fertility Dr. Shruti Astt. Prof. (Statistics), School of Sciences, UPRTOU, Allahabad, U.P., India [email protected]

Human fertility is a biological process. The biological variables have to be accounted for, but factors such as social, cultural, demographic etc. Especially in developing countries migration plays an important role in changing the socioeconomic, cultural and other conditions of the people involved. There are too many processes to develop the related probability models, with the help of OBI, CBI, FBI, etc. The study discusses some probability models for calculating the fecundability of migrant couples.

A New Algorithm for Handling the Random Bottleneck Assignment Situations with Application in Health Services Pramendra Singh Pundir Dept. of Statistics, Univ. of Allahabad, Allahabad -211002, U.P., India

In this paper, a new algorithm for handling the bottleneck situations of random nature has been developed along with its applications, especially in managing emergency health services. A simulation study at the end gives the comparison of this algorithm with the algorithms available in literature and hence establishes the superiority of this algorithm over others.

Determinants of Birth weight T. B. Singh, Manideep Govindu, Parul Puri Div. of Biostatistics, IMS-BHU [email protected], [email protected]

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Background and Objective: Birth weight is the most sensitive and reliable indicator of health of the community. More than 20 million infants world-wide, representing 15.5% of all births are born with low birth weight, 95.6% of them in developing countries. The national neonatal perinatal database reported that nearly about one third of all neonates born in major hospitals of India every year are LBW. Of all neonatal deaths, nearly 82% occur among LBW. The objective of the study is 1) To find out the factors (maternal & foetus) responsible for BW and 2) To find out their contribution in BW. Material &Methods: This study includes a total of 95 pregnant women's selected by convenience sampling, who are admitted and delivered a live birth during March-April 2015 in S.S. Hospital B.H.U. Chi-square test are used to find out the significance association between maternal and foetus variables with birth weight. Student t test and paired test are used wherever applicable. Binary logistic regression model was used to find the odds of the significant variables. Results: The birth weight is highly associated with gestational age, therefore combination of both variables have been taken into account and LGA, AGA and SGA are calculated. The birth weight in relation with gestational age is found significantly associated with parity, Number of ANC visits, Education of father and status of IFA tablets intake. The results of binary logistic regression showed cox and Snell R2=0.214 by including all four variables mentioned above. The result of binary logistic regression while analysing with forward LR, results show only two variables father’s education and parity with cox and Snell R2 showing 0.123 and 0.184 respectively. Conclusion and Suggestions: This study is based on very small sample size. Therefore, gestational age of this finding may be done after conducting the studies on large sample size. The significant determinates are education of father, parity. Thus education and small number of children born can improve the appropriate birth weight for gestational age. Key Words: Birth weight, LBW, LGA, AGA, SGA.

Comparative Study On Status Of Sanitation Between India & Uttar Pradesh Neha Deptt. of Preventive Medicine, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, U.P. India

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related to the principles and practices relating to the collection, treatment, removal or disposal of human excreta, household waste water and other pollutants. In this paper a study have been performed to describe the status of sanitation in U.P. and it is comprises with the Sanitation status of India. For the above purposes secondary data from Tables on Houses, Household Amenities and Assets of the Census 2001 and Census 2011, data by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Swacha Bharat Mission (Gramin), Baseline Survey-2012 and some facts and figures given UNICEF and WHO have been used for the fulfilment of the need. Analysis of the data has been performed for both at all India level and State level (Uttar Pradesh) level especially.

Assessment of Quality of Life among Rural and Urban Elderly Population of North, India Neha Mishra1 and Vandana Verma1* Moti Lal Nehru Medical College Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh

All aspects of health status: life style, satisfaction, mental state or well-being together reflects the multidimensional nature of Quality of Life (QOL) in an individual. India has acquired the label of “an aging nation” with 7.7 percent of its population being more than 60 years old. Changes in population structure will have several implications for health, economic security, family life and well being of people. The present study was carried out with two-fold objectives to assess the difference of quality of life between rural and urban elderly population and to find out the association between the socio- demographic profile and quality of life of elderly population. The community based cross sectional study was conducted on 400 elderly subjects selected from urban (n= 200) and rural (n= 200) using multistage simple random technique. Interviews were conducted using pre-tested questionnaire by trained interviewers to collect data. The WHO-QOL BREF was used to assess the quality of life. In the present study, the mean score of Physical Domain (62.70± 14.55) and Psychological Domain (57.51±13.33) in rural elderly was higher than urban elderly (58.52±15.61) and (54.95±14.69) respectively. It could be due to their involvement in physical activities and close contact among the village people and socially active life. Meanwhile, the mean score of Environmental Domain (62.42± 13.86) was better in urban elderly as compared to rural elderly (55.83±12.11). This difference in the mean score of domains was found to be statistically significant. KEYWORDS: Elderly, Quality of Life, Ageing, QOL.

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An Application Of Cox Proportional Hazard Model To Assess The Predictors Of Child Mortality In India Ravi Prakash Jha and Sushrima Gan Division of Biostatistics, IMS, B.H.U. [email protected], [email protected]

Background and objective: The level of child mortality is more in India as compared to most of the other developing countries. This study aims to see the association of socio- economic and demographic characteristics of the mother and household with child mortality. Methods: The present study utilizes data from the third round of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), known as the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), carried out in India during 2005–06 and were analyzed to assess the socio-economic and demographic factors associated with child mortality. The survey covers a representative sample of about 108504 ever-married women in the age group 15–49 who gave at least one live birth baby within 10 years preceding the survey. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model along with complex sample analysis plan were used to understand the socio-economic and demographic factors associated with child mortality. Result: Various socio-economic and demographic characteristics were found to be associated with child mortality. After controlling for other factors wealth index, caste, Birth order and birth interval were found significantly associated with child mortality. The hazard of child mortality was highest among ST (HR=2.157, CI=1.613-2.886, P value<0.001) as compared to other caste. Women having education high school and above were at 44.4% less risk (HR=0.556, CI=0.361-0.858) of child mortality as compared with illiterate women. The risk of facing child mortality is 2.66 times higher in women with birth order 4 or more (HR=2.668, CI=1.984-3.588, P value<0.001) as compared to women with birth order one. Women with birth interval more than two years had 45.3% lesser risk (HR=0.547, CI=0.470-0.637, P value=0.000) of facing child mortality than those with birth interval less than two years. Male children were at 32.1% lesser hazard (HR=0.679, CI=0.588-0.783, P value<0.001) of child mortality as compared to female children. Interpretation and conclusions: Various socio-economic and demographic characteristics are found to be associated with child mortality. Findings support the need to focus on spacing between two births, age of mother at first birth, birth order and education of mother.

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Key Words: Child mortality, birth order, birth interval, parity, Cox proportional Hazard model.

Population Projection using Cohort Component Method G.P. Singh*, Anurag Verma*, Abhinav Singh** * Department of Community Medicine, IMS, & DST-CIMS, BHU, Varanasi ** Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad

Estimation Procedures in Presence of Progressively Type-II Censored Incomplete Competing Risk Data Jitendra Kumar* and Sanjeev K.Tomer Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 [email protected]

The problem of estimation of component reliability measures using system life time data has been considered by many authors. In this paper, we discuss estimation procedures using progressively Type-II censored system lifetime data where unit under test is a series system of two or more components. We obtain point estimates of reliability characteristic of individual component by adopting competing risk model. Dealing with the situation when cause of failure of some observations is missing, we provide maximum likelihood and Bayes estimates of parameters and cumulative incidence functions of individual components. The Bayes estimates are obtained using Lindley’s approximation and Gibbs samplers. A simulation study is carried out for numerical illustrations.

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A New Procedure to Propose Distributions and Its Application to Real Data

Rajwant Kumar Singh*,Umesh Singh, Sanjay Kumar Singh and Dinesh Kumar Department of Statistics and DST-CIMS Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 [email protected]

In this paper, we propose a new distribution using some transformation based on baseline distributions for modeling lifetime data. Lindley distribution is considered as the baseline distribution. Proposed model has similar hazard rate properties to that of gamma, lognormal and the Weibull distributions and also possessing bathtub hazard rate. A brief account of the mathematical properties such as mean, variance, mean deviation, order statistics, Renyi and Shannon entropy and stress-strength reliability of the proposed new distribution including the maximum product spacings (MPS) and the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is presented. Finally, five real data set has been considered to illustrate the practical utility of the proposed distribution.

Variance Reduction Technique For Network Of Markovian Queue Ankit Kaparwan* & V.S. Singh* * Deptt. of Statistics, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri, Garwal, Uttarakhand [email protected]

In the present paper we consider the performance analysis of network of queues using variance reduction technique. System with more queues or more servers where the customer may be served more than once is said to be network of queues. A variance reduction technique essentially transform the underlying simulation model into a related one; the letter permitting more accurate estimation of the parameter of interest. The most variance reduction techniques typically reduce the variance by a constant factor and the exception to this rule is the importance sampling approach, which lead to dramatic variance reduction in many non-trivial cases of interest.

A New Procedure to Propose Distributions and Its Application to Real Data Rajwant Kumar Singh*,Umesh Singh, Sanjay Kumar Singh and Dinesh Kumar Department of Statistics and DST-CIMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005 [email protected]

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In this paper, we propose a new distribution using some transformation based on baseline distributions for modelling lifetime data. Lindley distribution is considered as the baseline distribution. Proposed model has similar hazard rate properties to that of gamma, lognormal and the Weibull distributions and also possessing bathtub hazard rate. A brief account of the mathematical properties such as mean, variance, mean deviation, order statistics, Renyi and Shannon entropy and stress-strength reliability of the proposed new distribution including the maximum product spacings (MPS) and the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is presented. Finally, _ve real data set has been considered to illustrate the practical utility of the proposed distribution.

Some New Estimators for Estimating Finite Population Variance under Measurement Errors Dipika Kumari Dept. of Statistics, Lucknow University, Lucknow, U.P., India [email protected]

In this paper problem of estimating population variance under measurement errors is discussed. Some new estimators for estimating population variance under measurement errors are proposed. Biases and mean square errors of proposed estimators are obtained up to first degree of approximation. A comparative study is made among the proposed estimators and some existing estimators. Hypothetical study is also given at the end of the paper to support the theoretical findings. Key words-Auxiliary information, Bias, Efficiency, Measurement Errors, Mean Square Error, Population, Simple Random Sampling.

Association of Maternal and Child Nutritional Status: A Study on EAG States and Assam Krishna Kumar Pandey1, R D Singh2 1PhD Research Scholar, Deptt. of Statistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 2Professor, Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India [email protected]

Under-nutrition contributes to more than one third of all deaths in children under the age of five. Maternal under-nutrition affects a woman’s chances of surviving pregnancy as well as her child’s health. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of anthropometric measurements of women namely BMI, height, other socio-economic

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and demographic factors like maternal age, paternal education, family income, parity and working status on childhood nutritional status. The study was performed on a sample of twenty five thousands four hundred women in the age between 15-49 years and thirty two thousands two hundred twenty two children under-five age group by using NFHS third round data in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states and Assam. Findings showed that the under-nutrition i.e. stunting, wasting and underweight is substantially higher in EAG states and Assam (as aggregate) than the national average. Study also reveals that proportion of stunting is significantly higher among children of low BMI (56.4%) and stunted (64.3%) mothers. The children of normal women (height >=145) are 0.592 times less likely to underweight than their counterparts of stunted women.

On Estimation Of Finite Population Mean In Presence Of Measurement Errors Sheela Misra1 and Dharmendra Kumar Yadav2 Department of Statistics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007 [email protected] , [email protected]

The present paper deals with the effects of measurement errors on a regression- type estimator for estimating population mean using known coefficient of variation. The proposed estimator has made the use of auxiliary information to improve efficiency under the assumption that measurement error is present both in study and auxiliary variable. The bias and mean square error of proposed estimator are found. A comparative study with mean per unit estimator under measurement errors has also been made. Theoretical conclusions are verified by the empirical study. Key words: Measurement errors, Regression estimator, Coefficient of variation, Auxiliary information, Efficiency, Bias, Mean Square error.

Models Describing the Lactation Curves of Purebred Red Sindhi Cows Barada Shankar Mohanty*1, Med Ram Verma1, Vijay Bahadur Sharma1 and Pranab Roy2 1Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR – Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 2Central Cattle Breeding Farm, Chipilima, Sambalpur, Odisha [email protected]

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Lactation curve is the graphical representation of milk yield against time. Daily milk yield throughout the lactation follows a curvilinear pattern. The present study is based on the 315 fortnightly milk yield (FMY) records of purebred Red Sindhi cows were taken from history-cum-pedigree sheets and daily milk recording register of Central Cattle Breeding Farm, Chipilima, Sambalpur, Odisha during 2010-2011. In the present study we have used four non-linear statistical models viz. Yadav (1977),Wilmink (1987), Sikka (1950) and Polynomial (Dave, 1971) ) models for fitting the lactation curves. The goodness of fit of these models was judged by highest values of R2 and adjusted R2 and minimum values of MSE, RMSE, AIC and SBC. Normality of the residuals was tested by Shapiro- Wilk’s test. The autocorrelation was tested by using Durbin Watson test. From the analysis of the fortnightly milk yield data we have observed that lactation models Yadav (1977), Wilmink (1987 ), Sikka (1950) and Polynomial (1971) models well fitted the data. The values of R2 for these models varied between 74.58% to 93.63% and the values of adjusted R2 varied from 71.76 % to 92.94 %. Among all the fitted lactation models Yadav (1977) model gave highest values of R2 , adjusted R2 and minimum values of MSE, RMSE, AIC and SBC. It was concluded that the Yadav (1977) model was found to be superior than other models for describing the fortnightly lactation yield. Key words: Lactation curves, Red Sindhi, Modeling, Fortnightly milk yield

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Patron Prof. M. P. Dube Vice-Chancellor U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Conference Director Dr. P.P. Dubey Director School of Agriculture Sciences U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Convener Dr. Shruti Assistant Professor (Statistics) School of Science U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Organizing Secretary Dr. Dinesh Kumar Gupta Academic Consultant (Chemistry) U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Joint Organizing Secretaries Dr. C.K. Singh Lecturer School of Computer and Information Sciences U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Gaurav Sankalp Academic Consultant (Commerce) School of Management Studies U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Co-Ordinators Dr. Ranjana Srivastava Lecturer School of Education U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Alka Verma Academic Consultant (Social Work) School of Social Sciences U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Atul Mishra

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Academic Consultant (Philosophy) U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Advisory Committee Dr. S.P. Gupta Director, School of Education U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. M.N. Singh Director, School of Social Sciences U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Omji Gupta Director, School of Management Studies U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. R.P.S. Yadav Incharge/Director, School of Humanities U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. T. N. Dubey Librarian U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Iti Tiwari Associate Professor (Sociology) School of Social Sciences U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Mridul Srivastava Controlar of Examination U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Mr. D. P. Tripathi Registrar & Finance Officer U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Executive Board Dr. P.K. Pandey Associate Professor School of Education U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. S. Kumar Associate Professor School of Social Sciences

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U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Ruchi Bajpai Assistant Professor School of Humanities U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Devesh Ranjan Tripathi Assistant Professor School of Management Studies U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. G.K. Dwivedi Assistant Professor School of Education U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Dinesh Singh Assistant Professor School of Education U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Mukesh Kumar Assistant Professor School of Education U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Organizing Committee

Dr. Upendra Nath Tiwari Lecturer School of Education U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Shailesh Kumar Yadav Lecturer School of Education U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Smita Agrawal Academic Consultant (Sanskrit) U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Deep ShikhaSrivastava Academic Consultant (Political Science) U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad Dr. Satish Chandra Kaulojiya

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Academic Consultant (History) U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Abdul Hafeej Academic Consultant (Urdu) U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad Dr. Indra Bhushan Pandey U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Dr. Prabhat Chandra Mishra Medial Incharge U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Tecnical Committee Mr. Neeraj Mishra Technical Officer (Software) U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Mr. Shiva Mishra Technical Officer (Hardware) U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Mr. Dheeraj Rawat Technical Officer (Hardware) U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Mr. Shahbaz Ahmad Technical Officer (Wave Developer) U. P. R. T. Open University, Allahabad

Sub-Committees

Welcome and Hospitality Committee Dr. P.P. Dubey Dr. Shruti Dr. Dinesh Kumar Gupta Dr. C.K. Singh Dr. Gaurav Sankalp Dr. Ranjana Srivastava Dr. Alka Verma Dr. Atul Kumar Mishra

Venue Arrangement Committee Dr. T. N. Dubey Dr. Santosha Kumar Dr. Mukesh Kumar Dr. Atul Kumar Mishra

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Mr. Kaushlesh Shukla Mr. Dheeraj Rawat

Refreshment Committee Dr. R.P.S. Yadav Dr. Shailesh Yadav Mr. Dheeraj Rawat Mr. Shahbaz Ahmad Mr. Rajesh Pathak Mr. Alok Kumar Srivastava

Invitation Committee Dr. Gaurav Sankalp Dr. Upendra Nath Tiwari Mr. Satish Chandra Kaulojiya Dr. Anil Singh Bhadauriya Dr. Prabhat Chandra Mishra Mr. Neeraj Mishra

Transport Arrangement Committee Dr. Upendra Nath Tiwari Dr. Atul Kumar Mishra Mr. Neeraj Kumar Mishra Mr. Rajesh Pathak

Accommodation Arrangement Committee Dr. Mukesh Kumar Mr. Vishal Vikram Singh Mr. Alok Srivastava Mr. Dheeraj Rawat Mr. Shahbaz Ahmad

Accounts Committee Mr. S. B. Pandey Mr. Avneesh Chandra Mr. Mohitosh

Publication Committee Dr. Shruti Dr. G. K. Dwivedi Dr. Ranjana Srivastava Dr. Alka Verma Dr. Gaurav Sankalp Dr. Dinesh Kumar Gupta

Registration & Certificate Distribution

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Committee Mr. Alok Kumar Srivastava Mr. Rakesh Kumar Srivastava Mr. Ghanshyam Yadava

Session Report Committee Dr. Ruchi Bajpai DR. Ranjana Srivastava Dr. Gaurav Sankalp

Certificate Writing Committee Mr. Rajesh Pathak Mr. Satyveer Ram Tripathi Mr. Sudhir Tiwari

Media Committee Dr. Shruti Dr. Gaurav Sankalp Mr. Ramji Mishra Dr. Abdul Hafeej Dr. Prabhat Chandra Mishra

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