Index

A C Adenauer, Konrad, 46 Charlie Hebdo, 129, 136 Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Christianity, 122, 127, 131, 133, 134, Europe (ALDE), 62, 80, 81, 83, 136–141 87, 108–110, 131, 249 Civil Society Europe (CSE), 203 Alternative for Germany (AfD), 3, 34, cordon sanitaire, 7, 62, 168, 266 60 Covid-19, 64, 147, 158–160, 180, anti-semitism, 136, 138 191, 222, 229, 238, 266, 267 crisis austerity, 34, 51, 58 crisis of democracy, 6 Austrian Freedom Party (FPO), 34, economic crisis, 3, 25, 219–221, 35, 52 229 financial crisis, 55, 107, 156, 158, 160, 238 refugee crisis, 32, 56, 58–60, 205, B 213, 244, 247 Barroso, José Manuel, 156–158 cultural backlash, 5 Brexit, 12, 29, 58, 59, 61, 62, 73, 101, 151 D Brothers of Italy, 71, 74 Danish People’s Party (DF), 34, 35 Brussels bubble, 220, 264, 265 De Gasperi, Alcide, 46 Buddhism, 123, 127 Delors, Jacques, 52 Bulgarian National Union Attack democracy (NOA), 34 digital-, 186–188

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive 275 license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 C. Ruzza et al. (eds.), The Impact of Populism on European Institutions and Civil Society, Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73411-4 276 INDEX

liberal-, 6, 36, 37, 135, 197, 199, European Roma Grassroots Organ- 201, 215 isations Network (ERGO), media democracy, 187, 190 203 representative-, 175, 176, 179, 181, European Roma Information Office 186, 188, 191 (ERIO), 203 Democracy in Europe Movement European Roma Rights Centre 2025 (DiEM25), 34, 192 (ERRC), 203 Di Maio, Luigi, 245 European Women’s Lobby (EWL), 203, 209 Europe for Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD), 62, 79, 86, E 88, 89 elitism, 201 Europe of Democracies and Diversities anti-, 8, 24, 33, 36, 80, 149, 156, (EDD), 51 201 Europe of Freedom and Democracy En Marche, 61 (EFD), 56 EU Euro-pragmatism, 26 EU-minimalism, 27 Euroscepticism, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, EU-rejectionism, 27 21, 22, 25–29, 31–33, 35–37, EU-revisionism, 27 48, 49, 51, 55, 73, 80, 97, 100, Euro-enthusiasm, 26 156, 158, 161, 164, 166, 177, European Association for the Defence 178, 268, 270 of Human Rights (AEDH), 203, Eurosphere, 181–183, 192, 193 214 Extremism, 5, 135, 136, 161, 164, European Christian Political 182, 206, 210, 214 Movement (ECPM), 203 European Citizen Action Service F (ECAS), 186 Farage, Nigel, 56 European Conservative and Reformist Federation of Catholic Family Asso- group (ECR), 62, 138 ciations in Europe (FAFCE), European Council on Refugees and 203 Exiles (ECRE), 203 femonationalism, 121, 140 European Grassroots Antiracist Fidesz, 59, 70–72, 74, 83, 87–89, Movement (EGAM), 203 206, 230, 234, 237, 268 European Green Deal, 64, 266 Finns Party, 71, 87 European Humanist Federation Five Star Movement (5SM), 25, 245, (EHF), 203, 210, 212 254 European Network Against Racism Fortuyn, Pim, 121, 150 (ENAR), 203, 209 Forum of European Muslim Youth European Popular Party (EPP), 58, and Student (FEMYSO), 203 70–72, 74, 81, 83, 84, 87–89, fragmentation, 5, 13, 71, 72, 75, 98, 108–110, 112, 158 82–90, 110 INDEX 277

Fridays for Future, 223, 225 K Front National/National Rally Keller, Ska, 82, 87, 89 (FN/RN), 34 Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA), 214, 221, 226, 235, 236 L Laclau, Ernesto, 4, 5, 21, 23, 24, 198 La France Insoumise, 4 G Law and Justice (PiS), 34, 59, 71, 74, Great Recession, 55, 56, 60 131, 268 Grillo, Beppe, 245 Le Pen, Jean-Marie, 150 Le Pen, Marine, 60, 61, 121 LGBT, 14, 198, 203, 208, 209, 214, H 253 Haider, Jörg, 150 liberalism, 50, 54, 200, 208, 209, hate speech, 72, 138, 153, 202, 205, 270, 271 206, 212, 215, 234, 247 Lisbon Strategy, 53 Hinduism, 123, 127 M I Macron, Emanuel, 60–62, 102, 225, Identity and Democracy (ID), 62, 178 229 ideology, 4, 23–25, 99, 134, 137, Malmström, Cecilia, 163 149, 150, 152, 157, 160, 225 Moscovici, Pierre, 163 illiberal, 10, 25, 34, 37, 54, 60, 64, Muslim, 56, 78, 79, 86, 121, 129, 209, 267, 271 131, 133–136, 138–140, 200, illiberal democracy, 6, 59, 157, 234, 208 271 immigration, 36, 52, 55, 56, 73–75, N 77, 78, 85, 100, 140, 156, 177, nationalism, 3, 6, 29, 31–33, 35, 36, 202, 246 47, 49, 80, 121, 138, 149–152, International Lesbian and Gay 154–156, 158, 160, 166, 167, Association (ILGA), 203, 214 205, 206, 215, 270, 271 Islam, 79, 121–123, 126, 127, 131, Next Generation EU , 160 132, 135–140 Northern League (LN/Lega), 34, 60, Islamophobia, 136, 205 150, 206, 245

J O Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS Open Society Foundation (OSF), 203 EUROPE), 203 Orbán, Viktor, 3, 59, 74, 81, 87, 89, Jobbik, 34 180 Jourová, V˘era, 163, 180, 213, 214 Osservatorio Balcani Caucaso Juncker, Jean-Claude, 58 Transeuropa (OBCT), 247, 250 278 INDEX

P S Party for Freedom (PVV), 34, 78, 79 Salvini, Matteo, 61, 84, 85, 102, 123, people 235, 246, 252 ‘the people’, 4–6, 8, 23, 24, 31, 33, Schuman Declaration, 45, 46 34, 78, 83, 88, 120, 121, 131, Sinn Fein, 33 149, 156, 177, 179, 186, 197, society 200, 201, 205, 206, 208, 219, ‘uncivil’, 10, 199, 215, 216 232, 233, 239, 247, 254, 265, solidarity, 1, 59, 60, 64, 74, 75, 271 80–82, 95, 97, 100, 161, 164, sacralization of, 120 180, 210, 212, 214–216, 233, Podemos, 3, 25, 33 243, 244, 247, 251, 253, 268 sovereignty, 3, 31, 33, 34, 47, 49, 59, polarization, 5, 12, 71, 72, 75, 77, 61, 95, 97, 233, 253, 256, 265 80–82, 88–90, 123, 177, 179, people’s sovereignty, 24, 31, 61 180, 265 style, 5, 120, 152 populism political–, 4, 149 degree of –, 6, 13, 27, 269 Swedish Democrats (SD), 3, 34, 56 populist narratives, 2, 201 Syriza, 3, 25, 33, 55 populist turn, 3, 98, 113, 151, 169, 199, 215, 268 religious populism, 121, 123 T Prodi, Romano, 97, 155, 156 Tajani, Antonio, 98 Progressive Alliance of Socialist and Thunberg, Greta, 62, 223 Democrats (S&D), 62, 63, 80, Timmermans, Frans, 163 108–110, 112 Treaty of Amsterdam, 52, 183 Treaty of Maastricht, 49, 50, 52 Treaty of the Coal and Steel Community (CECA), 46 True Finns party (PS), 34 R Trump, Donald, 158 racism, 121, 203, 205, 206, 211–213, Tsipras, Alexis, 55 215 genderization of–, 140 Recovery Fund, 65 U refugee, 60, 81, 198, 212, 215 Ufficio Nazionale Antidiscriminazioni refugee crisis, 3, 32, 56, 58–60, Razziali (UNAR), 249, 250, 252 213, 247 Union for the Nations of Europe Religion, 9, 13, 14, 119–127, 129, (UEN), 51 131–134, 136–141, 162, 198, United Kingdom Independence Party 202, 203, 208, 209, 248, 255, (UKIP), 3, 34, 55, 56, 79 265, 268 religious minorities, 127, 129 V Renew Europe, 61–63, 109 Visegrad Group, 59, 94 INDEX 279

Von der Leyen, Ursula, 63, 64, 89, X 111, 114, 158, 237, 266 xenophobia, 72, 80, 153, 157, 161, 164, 165, 202, 206, 212, 215

W Weber, Manfred, 84, 89 Y Wilders, Geert, 3, 121 Yellow Vests, 225