DOCSLIB.ORG

Downloaded from Genbank (Table S1)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Downloaded from Genbank (Table S1) water Article Integrated Taxonomy for Halistemma Species from the Northwest Pacific Ocean Nayeon Park 1 , Andrey A. Prudkovsky 2,* and Wonchoel Lee 1,* 1 Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.A.P.); [email protected] (W.L.) Received: 16 October 2020; Accepted: 20 November 2020; Published: 22 November 2020 Abstract: During a survey of the siphonophore community in the Kuroshio Extension, Northwest Pacific Ocean, a new Halistemma Huxley, 1859 was described using integrated molecular and morphological approaches. The Halistemma isabu sp. nov. nectophore is most closely related morphologically to H. striata Totton, 1965 and H. maculatum Pugh and Baxter, 2014. These species can be differentiated by their nectosac shape, thrust block size, ectodermal cell patches and ridge patterns. The new species’ bracts are divided into two distinct types according to the number of teeth. Type A bracts are more closely related to ventral bracts in H. foliacea (Quoy and Gaimard, 1833) while Type B bracts are more similar to H. rubrum (Vogt, 1852). Each type differs, however, from the proximal end shape, distal process and bracteal canal. Both of the new species’ morphological type and phylogenetic position within the genus Halistemma are supported by phylogenetic analysis of concatenated DNA dataset (mtCOI, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA). Integrated morphological and molecular approaches to the taxonomy of siphonophores showed a clear delimitation of the new species from the congeners. Halistemma isabu sp. nov. is distributed with the congeners H. rubrum, H. cupulifera, H. foliacea and H. striata in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Keywords: zooplankton; jellyfish; mitochondria; systematics; hydrozoa 1. Introduction Siphonophores, belonging to the class Hydrozoa Owen, 1843, live in oceans and are mostly holoplanktonic organisms [1]. Approximately, 190 species have been described as siphonophores, though there are likely more in the marine environment [2]. Siphonophores have gelatinous bodies and form unique colonies throughout their life [3]. Each individual in a colony has a variety of functions and morphological characteristics [4]. Siphonophorae are traditionally classified into three suborders (Calycophorae Leuckart, 1854; Cystonectae Haeckel, 1887; Physonectae Haeckel, 1888) depending on the presence of a gas bubble float, called a pneumatophore, and medusoids, known as nectophores [1,5,6]. Approximately 65 species with pneumatophores and nectophores are recognized as Physonectae [7]. Physonects’s descriptions are often incomplete because Siphonophores have fragile gelatinous bodies and many research records are based on dissociated specimens, where only a few nectophores or bracts were collected [1,8]. Morphological changes throughout their life cycle, phenotypic plasticity and cryptic species are also responsible for erroneous species diversity estimations. Molecular methods can be used for species identification, reconstructing life cycles, and clarifying phylogeny [2,8–13]. Molecular data show that Cystonectae and Calycophorae are monophyletic taxa while Physonectae is polyphyletic [2,8]. Some families, such as Apolemiidae Huxley, 1859 and Pyrostephidae Moser, 1925, are not included in the clade unifying physonects and Calycophorae. Most physonects, however, can be combined into the monophyletic clade Euphysonectae. This includes Agalmatidae, Physophoridae Water 2020, 12, 3283; doi:10.3390/w12113283 www.mdpi.com/journal/water Water 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 21 includes Agalmatidae, Physophoridae Eschscholtz, 1829, Forskaliidae Haeckel, 1888 and other Waterfamilies2020 ,[2].12, 3283General Physonectae systematics and phylogenetic affinities of some genera are under2 of 18 debate. Eschscholtz,Agalmatidae 1829, Forskaliidaeis the most Haeckel,specious 1888 family and within otherfamilies the Physonectae. [2]. General The Physonectae family’s diversity systematics is andlimited phylogenetic to five genera affinities (Agalmatidae of some genera sensu arestricto under) including debate. short-stem (Athorybia Eschscholtz, 1829 and MelophysaAgalmatidae Haeckel, is the 1888) most and specious long-stem family (Agalma within Eschscholtz, the Physonectae. 1825, Halistemma The family’s Huxley, diversity 1859, is limitedNanomia to A. five Agassiz, genera 1865) (Agalmatidae genera [6,7,14].sensu stricto The )short-stem including short-stemgenus Athorybia (Athorybia, withEschscholtz, no nectophores, 1829 was and MelophysapreviouslyHaeckel, classified 1888) outside and long-stemof the Agalmatidae. (Agalma Eschscholtz, However, 1825, molecularHalistemma data Huxley,show they 1859, areNanomia likely A.neotenic Agassiz, relatives 1865) genera of the Agalma [6,7,14]. species The short-stem [2,8,14]. Melophysa genus Athorybia melo (Quoy, with and no nectophores, Gaimard, 1827) was has previously a spiral classifiedsiphosome outside and tricornuate of the Agalmatidae. tentilla and However, is related molecular to Athorybia datashow and Agalma they are species likely neotenic [14]. Long-stem relatives ofagalmatids the Agalma (Agalmaspecies, Halistemma [2,8,14]. Melophysa, Nanomia melo) include(Quoy monoecious and Gaimard, species 1827) with has dorsal a spiral nectosoma siphosome and and a tricornuatedescending tentillamantle andcanal is in related its nectophores to Athorybia [6,7,14].and Agalma The agalmatidspecies [14 genera]. Long-stem are delimited agalmatids based (Agalma on the, Halistemmanectophores’, Nanomia shape, ridge) include pattern, monoecious and tentilla species type. with Nevertheless, dorsal nectosoma these morphologic and a descending differences mantle and canaltaxonomic in its nectophoresboundaries [were6,7,14 only]. The generalize agalmatidd generain a short are delimitedMapstone based (2015) on [7] the review. nectophores’ Halistemma shape,, ridgewhich pattern, we address and tentillain this type.paper, Nevertheless, is a genus establis these morphologiched by Huxley di ff(1859)erences [15]. and It taxonomichas a long boundariestaxonomic werehistory only which generalized Pugh and in Baxter a short (2014) Mapstone [16] recently (2015) [7 ]reviewed. review. Halistemma A total of ,six which Halistemma we address species in thisare paper,known. is a genus established by Huxley (1859) [15]. It has a long taxonomic history which Pugh and BaxterIn (2014)this study, [16] recently we describe reviewed. a new A Halistemma total of six speciesHalistemma foundspecies in the areNorthwest known. Pacific Ocean. Our descriptionIn this uses study, morphological we describe characteristics a new Halistemma and aspecies three-gene found molecular in the Northwestapproach. Pacific Ocean. Our description uses morphological characteristics and a three-gene molecular approach. 2. Materials and Methods 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Sample Collections 2.1. Sample Collections Plankton samples were collected in October 2019 during a R/V ISABU cruise in the Kuroshio ExtensionPlankton (Figure samples 1). We were used collected a Multiple in OctoberOpening/Closing 2019 during Net a and R/V Environmental ISABU cruise inSensing the Kuroshio System Extension(MOCNESS, (Figure 1 × 11 m²,). We mesh used size: a Multiple 200 µm) Opening towed between/Closing 200 Net m and and Environmental the surface. Immediately Sensing System after (MOCNESS,towing, we 1split1 mplankton2, mesh size:samples 200 µ m)into towed 1/2 aliquots between 200using m anda Folsom the surface. plankton Immediately splitter. afterFor × towing,morphological we split observation, plankton samples one aliquot into 1/ 2was aliquots fixed using in neutralized a Folsom plankton5% formalin splitter. solution For morphological and stored at observation,room temperature. one aliquot For wasfuture fixed molecular in neutralized analysis, 5% we formalin fixed solutionthe other and aliquot stored in at 99.9% room temperature.ethanol and Forstored future at 4 molecular °C. All material analysis, was we fixeddeposited the other at the aliquot National in 99.9% Institute ethanol of andBiological stored atResources 4 ◦C. All material(NIBR), wasKorea’s deposited invertebrate at the Nationalcollection. Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Korea’s invertebrate collection. Figure 1.1. Map of sampling stations. (QGIS, Version: 3.6.0). Water 2020, 12, 3283 3 of 18 2.2. Morphological Analysis For morphological observation, specimens were sorted from 5% neutralized formalin plankton samples using a Live Insect Forceps (26029-10, Fine Science Tools Inc., Foster City, CA, USA) and a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZX7, Tokyo, Japan). We placed sorted specimens in 20 mL glass vials with the formalin solution at room temperature. We observed specimens on a Petri dish (Ø: 5 cm) filled with 5% neutralized formalin solution under the stereomicroscope. We identified all specimens using descriptions and illustrations from Kirkpatrick and Pugh (1984) [17], Mapstone (2009) [18], Totton (1954) [19], Totton and Bargmann (1965) [1] and Pugh and Baxter (2014) [16] and used Pugh and Baxter (2014) [16] terminology. Digital photographs of specimens were taken using a digital camera (Olympus PEN Lite E-PL3, Tokyo, Japan) connected to the stereomicroscope with side lights on the dark field. We took the digital photographs at various focal points and performed multi-focus stacking using Helicon Focus 7 software (Version: 7.5.1). We cropped the photographed objects and moved them to a
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diversity and Community Structure of Pelagic Cnidarians in the Celebes and Sulu Seas, Southeast Asian Tropical Marginal Seas
    Deep-Sea Research I 100 (2015) 54–63 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research I journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dsri Diversity and community structure of pelagic cnidarians in the Celebes and Sulu Seas, southeast Asian tropical marginal seas Mary M. Grossmann a,n, Jun Nishikawa b, Dhugal J. Lindsay c a Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Tancha 1919-1, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan b Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan c Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan article info abstract Article history: The Sulu Sea is a semi-isolated, marginal basin surrounded by high sills that greatly reduce water inflow Received 13 September 2014 at mesopelagic depths. For this reason, the entire water column below 400 m is stable and homogeneous Received in revised form with respect to salinity (ca. 34.00) and temperature (ca. 10 1C). The neighbouring Celebes Sea is more 19 January 2015 open, and highly influenced by Pacific waters at comparable depths. The abundance, diversity, and Accepted 1 February 2015 community structure of pelagic cnidarians was investigated in both seas in February 2000. Cnidarian Available online 19 February 2015 abundance was similar in both sampling locations, but species diversity was lower in the Sulu Sea, Keywords: especially at mesopelagic depths. At the surface, the cnidarian community was similar in both Tropical marginal seas, but, at depth, community structure was dependent first on sampling location Marginal sea and then on depth within each Sea. Cnidarians showed different patterns of dominance at the two Sill sampling locations, with Sulu Sea communities often dominated by species that are rare elsewhere in Pelagic cnidarians fi Community structure the Indo-Paci c.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Article 428.4KB .Pdf File
    Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69: 355–363 (2012) ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria Some hydroids (Hydrozoa: Hydroidolina) from Dampier, Western Australia: annotated list with description of two new species. JEANETTE E. WATSON Honorary Research Associate, Marine Biology, Museum Victoria, PO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3001. ([email protected]) Abstract Jeanette E. Watson, 2012. Some hydroids (Hydrozoa: Hydroidolina) from Dampier, Western Australia: annotated list with description of two new species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69: 355–363. Eleven species of hydroids including two new (Halecium corpulatum and Plumularia fragilia) from a depth of 50 m, 50 km north of Dampier, Western Australia are reported. The tropical hydroid fauna of Western Australia is poorly known; species recorded here show strong affinity with the Indonesian and Indo–Pacific region. Keywords Hydroids, tropical species, Dampier, Western Australia Introduction Sertolaria racemosa Cavolini, 1785: 160, pl. 6, figs 1–7, 14–15 Sertularia racemosa. – Gmelin, 1791: 3854 A collection of hydroids provided by the Western Australian Eudendrium racemosum.– Ehrenberg, 1834: 296.– von Museum is described. The collection comprises 11 species Lendenfeld, 1885: 351, 353.– Millard and Bouillon, 1973: 33.– Watson, including two new. Material was collected 50 km north of 1985: 204, figs 63–67 Dampier, Western Australia, from the gas production platform Material examined. WAM Z31857, material ethanol preserved. Four Ocean Legend (019° 42' 18.04" S, 118° 42' 26.44" E). The infertile colonies, the tallest 40 mm long, on purple sponge. collection was made from a depth of 50 m by commercial divers on 4th August, 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Siphonophore Tentilla for Specialized Prey Capture in the Open Ocean
    The evolution of siphonophore tentilla for specialized prey capture in the open ocean Alejandro Damian-Serranoa,1, Steven H. D. Haddockb,c, and Casey W. Dunna aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520; bResearch Division, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039; and cEcology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 Edited by Jeremy B. C. Jackson, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, and approved December 11, 2020 (received for review April 7, 2020) Predator specialization has often been considered an evolutionary makes them an ideal system to study the relationships between “dead end” due to the constraints associated with the evolution of functional traits and prey specialization. Like a head of coral, a si- morphological and functional optimizations throughout the organ- phonophore is a colony bearing many feeding polyps (Fig. 1). Each ism. However, in some predators, these changes are localized in sep- feeding polyp has a single tentacle, which branches into a series of arate structures dedicated to prey capture. One of the most extreme tentilla. Like other cnidarians, siphonophores capture prey with cases of this modularity can be observed in siphonophores, a clade of nematocysts, harpoon-like stinging capsules borne within special- pelagic colonial cnidarians that use tentilla (tentacle side branches ized cells known as cnidocytes. Unlike the prey-capture apparatus of armed with nematocysts) exclusively for prey capture. Here we study most other cnidarians, siphonophore tentacles carry their cnidocytes how siphonophore specialists and generalists evolve, and what mor- in extremely complex and organized batteries (3), which are located phological changes are associated with these transitions.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Understanding the Phylogenetic History of Hydrozoa: Hypothesis Testing with 18S Gene Sequence Data*
    SCI. MAR., 64 (Supl. 1): 5-22 SCIENTIA MARINA 2000 TRENDS IN HYDROZOAN BIOLOGY - IV. C.E. MILLS, F. BOERO, A. MIGOTTO and J.M. GILI (eds.) Towards understanding the phylogenetic history of Hydrozoa: Hypothesis testing with 18S gene sequence data* A. G. COLLINS Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA SUMMARY: Although systematic treatments of Hydrozoa have been notoriously difficult, a great deal of useful informa- tion on morphologies and life histories has steadily accumulated. From the assimilation of this information, numerous hypotheses of the phylogenetic relationships of the major groups of Hydrozoa have been offered. Here I evaluate these hypotheses using the complete sequence of the 18S gene for 35 hydrozoan species. New 18S sequences for 31 hydrozoans, 6 scyphozoans, one cubozoan, and one anthozoan are reported. Parsimony analyses of two datasets that include the new 18S sequences are used to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of a list of phylogenetic hypotheses that deal with Hydro- zoa. Alternative measures of tree optimality, minimum evolution and maximum likelihood, are used to evaluate the relia- bility of the parsimony analyses. Hydrozoa appears to be composed of two clades, herein called Trachylina and Hydroidolina. Trachylina consists of Limnomedusae, Narcomedusae, and Trachymedusae. Narcomedusae is not likely to be the basal group of Trachylina, but is instead derived directly from within Trachymedusae. This implies the secondary gain of a polyp stage. Hydroidolina consists of Capitata, Filifera, Hydridae, Leptomedusae, and Siphonophora. “Anthomedusae” may not form a monophyletic grouping. However, the relationships among the hydroidolinan groups are difficult to resolve with the present set of data.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Computing Environment for Modeling Species Distribution
    EXPLORATORY RESEARCH RECOGNIZED WORLDWIDE Botany, ecology, zoology, plant and animal genetics. In these and other sub-areas of Biological Sciences, Brazilian scientists contributed with results recognized worldwide. FAPESP,São Paulo Research Foundation, is one of the main Brazilian agencies for the promotion of research.The foundation supports the training of human resources and the consolidation and expansion of research in the state of São Paulo. Thematic Projects are research projects that aim at world class results, usually gathering multidisciplinary teams around a major theme. Because of their exploratory nature, the projects can have a duration of up to five years. SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITIES IN SÃO PAULO,BRAZIL Brazil is one of the four main emerging nations. More than ten thousand doctorate level scientists are formed yearly and the country ranks 13th in the number of scientific papers published. The State of São Paulo, with 40 million people and 34% of Brazil’s GNP responds for 52% of the science created in Brazil.The state hosts important universities like the University of São Paulo (USP) and the State University of Campinas (Unicamp), the growing São Paulo State University (UNESP), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Federal University of ABC (ABC is a metropolitan region in São Paulo), Federal University of São Carlos, the Aeronautics Technology Institute (ITA) and the National Space Research Institute (INPE). Universities in the state of São Paulo have strong graduate programs: the University of São Paulo forms two thousand doctorates every year, the State University of Campinas forms eight hundred and the University of the State of São Paulo six hundred.
    [Show full text]
  • BIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring 2010
    BIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring 2010 Stephen M. Shuster Northern Arizona University http://www4.nau.edu/isopod Lecture 10 From Collins et al. 2006 From Collins et al. 2006 1 Cnidarian Classes Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Medusozoa Cubozoa Stauromedusae Anthozoa Class Hydrozoa 1.Includes over 2,700 species, many freshwater. 2. Generally thought to be most ancestral, but recent DNA evidence suggests this may not be so. Class Hydrozoa Trachyline Hydrozoa seem most ancestral – within the Hydrozoa. 1. seem to have mainly medusoid life stage 2. character (1): assumption of metagenesis 2 Class Hydrozoa Trachyline Hydrozoa seem most ancestral. 1. seem to have mainly medusoid life stage 2. character (1): assumption of metagenesis Class Hydrozoa Other autapomorphies (see lab manual): i. 4 rayed symmetry. ii. ectodermal gonads iii. medusae with velum. iv. no gastric septa v. external skeleton if present. vi. no stomadaeum vii. freshwater or marine habitats. Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 1. Order Trachylina - reduced polyps, probably polyphyletic . Voragonema pedunculata, collected by submersible at about 2700' deep in the Bahamas. 3 Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 2. Order Hydroida - the "seaweeds.“ a. Suborder Anthomedusae - also Athecata, Aplanulata, Capitata. b. Suborder Leptomedusae - also Thecata Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 3. Order Miliporina - fire corals. 4. Order Stylasterina - similar to fire corals; hold medusae. 4 Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 5. Order Siphonophora - floating colonies of polyps and medusae. Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 6. Order Chondrophora - floating colonies of polyps Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 7. Order Actinulida (Aplanulata)- solitary polyps, no medusae, no planulae 5 Order Trachylina Trachymedusae includes Lirope a. resemble the medusae of Gonionemus, 1.
    [Show full text]
  • (Siphonophorae: Physonectae: Rhodaliidae) В Районе Подводного Вулкана Пийпа (Северо-Западная Часть Тихого Океана) К.Э
    Invertebrate Zoology, 2018, 15(4): 323–332 © INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, 2018 Находка глубоководной донной сифонофоры (Siphonophorae: Physonectae: Rhodaliidae) в районе подводного вулкана Пийпа (северо-западная часть Тихого океана) К.Э. Санамян1, Н.П. Санамян1, C.В. Галкин2, В.В. Ивин3,4 1 Камчатский филиал Тихоокеанского института географии ДВО РАН, ул. Партизанская, 6, Петропавловск-Камчатский 683000, Россия. E-mail: [email protected]. 2 Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН, Нахимовский пр., 36, Москва 117997 Россия. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Национальный научный центр морской биологии им. А.В. Жирмунского ДВО РАН, ул. Пальчевского, 17, Владивосток 690041, Россия. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Государственный научно-исследовательский институт озерного и речного рыбного хозяй- ства им. Л.С. Берга, наб. Макарова 26, Санкт-Петербург 199004, Россия. РЕЗЮМЕ: В ходе погружений телеуправляемого подводного аппарата «Comanche 18» в районе подводного вулкана Пийпа, расположенного к северу от Командорских островов в Северо-Западной Пацифике, на глубинах 1711–1914 м обнаружено несколько экземпляров донных сифонофор семейства Rhodaliidae. Они не были собраны, однако были достаточно детально сняты на видео, имеются также прижиз- ненные подводные фотографии. В отличие от всех других известных сифонофор, представители этого семейства ведут донный образ жизни. Все представители Rhodaliidae, за двумя исключениями, крайне плохо изучены и известны по единич- ным экземплярам, в некоторых случаях собранным более 100 лет назад. В северо- западной части Тихого океана на глубинах свыше 1000 м родалииды до настоящего времени не были известны. В статье дана краткая история изучения родалиид, описание морфологии найденных экземпляров по фото и видео материалам, а также краткий обзор известных к настоящему времени видов семейства. Показано, что родовое название Tridensa Hissmann, 2005 не является пригодным и не может быть использовано.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analyses Resolve Cnidarian Relationships and the Origins of Key Organismal Traits
    Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits Ehsan Kayal1,2, Bastian Bentlage1,3, M. Sabrina Pankey5, Aki H. Ohdera4, Monica Medina4, David C. Plachetzki5*, Allen G. Collins1,6, Joseph F. Ryan7,8* Authors Institutions: 1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 2. UPMC, CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, France 3. Marine Laboratory, university of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA 4. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 5. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 6. National Systematics Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 7. Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA 8. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3172v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 21 Aug 2017, publ: 21 Aug 20171 Abstract Background: The phylogeny of Cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades, during which nearly all-possible relationships among the major lineages have been proposed. The ecological success of Cnidaria is predicated on several fascinating organismal innovations including symbiosis, colonial body plans and elaborate life histories, however, understanding the origins and subsequent diversification of these traits remains difficult due to persistent uncertainty surrounding the evolutionary relationships within Cnidaria. While recent phylogenomic studies have advanced our knowledge of the cnidarian tree of life, no analysis to date has included genome scale data for each major cnidarian lineage. Results: Here we describe a well-supported hypothesis for cnidarian phylogeny based on phylogenomic analyses of new and existing genome scale data that includes representatives of all cnidarian classes.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com10/07/2021 03:16:02AM Via Free Access 176 A
    Contributions to Zoology, 70 (3) 175-179 (2001) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Short notes and reviews classification: of the Simplifying hydrozoan inappropriateness group Hydroidomedusae in a phylogenetic context Antonio+C. Marques Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords:: Hydrozoa, Hydroidomedusae, classification, nomenclature, taxonomy Abstract ated classifications and models of phylogeny si- multaneously. In phonetics, classifications reflect The systematics ofHydrozoa is consideredfrom the viewpoint overall similarity, not necessarily phylogeny (Hull, of logical consistency between phylogeny and classification. 1988: 122; Mayr and Ashlock, 1991: 128). With The validity of the nominal taxon Hydroidomedusae (includ- regard to the higher levels of hydrozoan classifi- all of the is dis- ing groups Hydrozoa except Siphonophorae) cation, no cladistic or phenetic classifications have cussed with regard to its distinctness and inclusive relationships. In been proposed. All classifications seem general, phylogenetic systematic evidence suggest that the hydrozoan use of the is term Hydroidomedusae inappropriate given our to be based on gradistic or essentialistic principles, current level of It is concluded that understanding. no new, or although the majority of their proponents would names until broader resurrected, are necessary before or a not characterize
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Bathyal and Abyssal Seafloor Fauna of Eastern Australia T
    O’Hara et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2020) 13:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-020-00194-1 RESEARCH Open Access The lower bathyal and abyssal seafloor fauna of eastern Australia T. D. O’Hara1* , A. Williams2, S. T. Ahyong3, P. Alderslade2, T. Alvestad4, D. Bray1, I. Burghardt3, N. Budaeva4, F. Criscione3, A. L. Crowther5, M. Ekins6, M. Eléaume7, C. A. Farrelly1, J. K. Finn1, M. N. Georgieva8, A. Graham9, M. Gomon1, K. Gowlett-Holmes2, L. M. Gunton3, A. Hallan3, A. M. Hosie10, P. Hutchings3,11, H. Kise12, F. Köhler3, J. A. Konsgrud4, E. Kupriyanova3,11,C.C.Lu1, M. Mackenzie1, C. Mah13, H. MacIntosh1, K. L. Merrin1, A. Miskelly3, M. L. Mitchell1, K. Moore14, A. Murray3,P.M.O’Loughlin1, H. Paxton3,11, J. J. Pogonoski9, D. Staples1, J. E. Watson1, R. S. Wilson1, J. Zhang3,15 and N. J. Bax2,16 Abstract Background: Our knowledge of the benthic fauna at lower bathyal to abyssal (LBA, > 2000 m) depths off Eastern Australia was very limited with only a few samples having been collected from these habitats over the last 150 years. In May–June 2017, the IN2017_V03 expedition of the RV Investigator sampled LBA benthic communities along the lower slope and abyss of Australia’s eastern margin from off mid-Tasmania (42°S) to the Coral Sea (23°S), with particular emphasis on describing and analysing patterns of biodiversity that occur within a newly declared network of offshore marine parks. Methods: The study design was to deploy a 4 m (metal) beam trawl and Brenke sled to collect samples on soft sediment substrata at the target seafloor depths of 2500 and 4000 m at every 1.5 degrees of latitude along the western boundary of the Tasman Sea from 42° to 23°S, traversing seven Australian Marine Parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution
    Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution by Peter J. Etnoyer1 and Stephen D. Cairns2 1. NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 2. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC This annex to the U.S. Gulf of Mexico chapter in “The State of Deep‐Sea Coral Ecosystems of the United States” provides a list of deep‐sea coral taxa in the Phylum Cnidaria, Classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, known to occur in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 1). Deep‐sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 m deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is adapted from species lists presented in ʺBiodiversity of the Gulf of Mexicoʺ (Felder & Camp 2009), which inventoried species found throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico including areas outside U.S. waters. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, and alphabetically within order by suborder (if applicable), family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distribution. Only those species found within the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Exclusive Economic Zone are presented here. Information from recent studies that have expanded the known range of species into the U.S. Gulf of Mexico have been included. The total number of species of deep‐sea corals documented for the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Histology of Nanomia Bijuga (Hydrozoa: Siphonophora) SAMUEL H
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The Histology of Nanomia bijuga (Hydrozoa: Siphonophora) SAMUEL H. CHURCH*, STEFAN SIEBERT, PATHIKRIT BHATTACHARYYA, AND CASEY W. DUNN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island ABSTRACT The siphonophore Nanomia bijuga is a pelagic hydrozoan (Cnidaria) with complex morphological organization. Each siphonophore is made up of many asexually produced, genetically identical zooids that are functionally specialized and morphologically distinct. These zooids predominantly arise by budding in two growth zones, and are arranged in precise patterns. This study describes the cellular anatomy of several zooid types, the stem, and the gas-filled float, called the pneumatophore. The distribution of cellular morphologies across zooid types enhances our understanding of zooid function. The unique absorptive cells in the palpon, for example, indicate specialized intracellular digestive processing in this zooid type. Though cnidarians are usually thought of as mono-epithelial, we characterize at least two cellular populations in this species which are not connected to a basement membrane. This work provides a greater understanding of epithelial diversity within the cnidarians, and will be a foundation for future studies on N. bijuga, including functional assays and gene expression analyses. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B:435– 449, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and J. Exp. Zool. Developmental Evolution Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B:435–449, How to cite this article: Church SH, Siebert S, Bhattacharyya P, Dunn CW. 2015. The histology of 2015 Nanomia bijuga (Hydrozoa: Siphonophora). J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B:435–449. Siphonophores are pelagic hydrozoans (Cnidaria) with a highly and defense (Dunn and Wagner, 2006; Totton, '65).
    [Show full text]