DOCSLIB.ORG

Investigating Pereskia and the Earliest Divergences In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investigating Pereskia and the Earliest Divergences In Haseltonia.14:.46–53..2008. 46 . HASELTONIA 14,.2008. 47 Grandifolia group INVESTIGATING PERESKIA AND THE EARLIEST P. bahiensis 100 75 8 0.53 DIVERGENCES IN CACTACEAE P. stenantha 69 0.97 88 P. grandifolia ssp. grandifolia Charles Butterworth 2 98 100 P. grandifolia ssp. violacea 1.00 Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 North Galvin Parkway, 16 Phoenix, Arizona 85008, USA; [email protected] P. sacharosa 67 98 98 0.92 4 P. nemorosa 1.00 Erika J Edwards Lychnidiflora group P. lychnidiflora Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 77 2 Cactoideae 100 Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA; [email protected] 1.00 Zinniiflora group P. zinniiflora 99 97 4 P. portulacifolia 75 1.00 51 0.93 100 P. marcanoi 0.83 100 1.00 Abstract: The cacti are renowned desert plants of the New World. The are typically leaf- 100 1.00 63 9 P. quisqueyana 100 1.00 less, spine-bearing stem succulents. Species of Pereskia possess broad, regular leaves and have 95 1.00 Bleo group been viewed as being representative of ancestral cacti. A number of previous studies have at- 2 P. bleo 88 74 0.98 tempted to resolve phylogenetic relationships within Pereskia and between Pereskia and other Guamacho group P. aureiflora cacti. Here, we present the results of a joint analysis along with hypothesis testing using data- 74 78 97 sets previously published independently by each author. This study clearly shows a basal split 1 2 P. guamacho 1.00 85 1.00 in the cacti between a clade of Caribbean-basin-centered Pereskia species and all other cacti. Horrida group P. horrida ssp. rauhii Furthermore, hypothesis testing strongly supports the basal Pereskia hypothesis over an alter- 100 11 P. horrida ssp. horrida native hypothesis in which the Opuntioideae form the basal split in the cacti (although the 100 latter hypothesis was not statistically rejected). 12 P. diaz-romeroana 100 100 77 1.00 0.98 Key words: 100 Pereskia, Cactaceae, cacti, phylogenetics, evolution 10 P. weberiana 0.98 100 11 1.00 Aculeata group P. aculeata 100 Opuntioideae 100 20 1.00 Maihuenia poeppigii Introduction morphies. The Pereskioideae has tradition- 100 Except for a single, epiphytic species, cacti are ally been comprised of two genera, Pereskia 1.00 naturally restricted to the New World, where and Maihuenia (Philippi ex F. A. C. Weber) Outgroup(s) they represent a spectacular arid land–plant Schumann, the latter being unusual due to radiation. In the majority of cacti, persistent its natural distribution in the extreme south Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships in Pereskia and basal Cactaceae. The cladogram on the left (redrawn from leaves are replaced by spines, and the green suc- of South America and its stem and leaf fea- Butterworth and Wallace 2005) is the strict consensus of six most parsimonious trees for combined chloro- culent stem has become the primary photosyn- tures (for instance, distribution of mucilage- plast rpl16 intron and psbA-trnH intergenic spacer sequence data. Bootstrap support ≥50% are shown above thetic organ. A few genera do retain persistent bearing structures) unknown elsewhere in the branches, decay values are shown below the branches. The cladogram on the right (redrawn from Edwards leaves, however, and these have been treated as the family (Gibson 1977). The Opuntioideae and others 2005) is the Bayesian consensus tree for combined chloroplast trnK/matK, rbcL, and psbA-trnH IGS, the most ancestral-like members of the fam- Burnett includes prickly-pears, chollas, and mitochondrial cox3, and nuclear phyC sequence data. Maximum parsimony bootstrap support ≥50% is shown ily. Spines (developmentally modified leaves) other members that share distinct morpho- above branches, Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown below branches. Shaded boxes denote species groups defined by Leuenberger (1986). are typically borne from areoles (specialized logical and anatomical features, such as the axillary buds that may bear spines, flowers, or presence of glochids (very short, fine, barbed fruit). Flower structure is predominated by re- spines), and seeds with a funicular envelope, A number of studies have attempted to genomes (chloroplast, mitochondrion, nucleus) ceptacular epigyny; however, in the leafy genus usually forming a bony, white aril (Gibson resolve subfamilial phylogenetic relation- for Pereskia and representatives from Opunti- Pereskia Miller there is variation in ovary po- and Nobel 1986). The Cactoideae are mor- ships in Cactaceae. Results of a cpDNA re- oideae, Maihuenioideae, and Cactoideae. The sition from superior to inferior ovaries. phologically variable, from tall, columnar spe- striction-site survey of members of Pereskia maternally inherited genomes (chloroplast and Traditionally most cactus classifications cies to low-growing, globose cacti to epiphytic (Pereskioideae) were summarized by Wal- mitochondrion) did not yield strong support recognized three subfamilies (Barthlott and plants possessing flattened, almost leaf-like lace (1995). These data, supplemented by in their placements’ subfamilies. However, the Hunt 1993; Hunt and Taylor 1986, 1990). stems. There are no obvious morphological or chloroplast sequence data (Butterworth and nuclear component (phytochrome C) and the The Pereskioideae Schumann possess mor- anatomical synapomorphies uniting the Cac- Wallace 2005) suggest that Pereskioideae is maternal data set both yielded a monophy- phological features, such as persistent leaves toideae, except possibly stem succulence and not monophyletic for the following reasons: letic Opuntioideae, which formed the sister and superior to inferior ovaries, that are con- lack of persistent leaves and glochids, the lat- 1) sampled members of Cactoideae are em- group to a clade that included some Pereskia sidered primitive or relictual within the Cac- ter being a derived trait in the Opuntioideae. bedded within Pereskia, and 2) Maihuenia, species, Maihuenia, and Cactoideae. taceae (Boke 1964; Gibson and Nobel 1986). Furthermore, the chloroplast rpoC1 intron is Opuntioideae, and the Cactoideae form an Here we present a summary of the two pre- For these reasons, members of the Pereskioi- missing in all Cactoideae (Wallace and Cota unresolved trichotomy. vious molecular (DNA) phylogenetic studies of deae are considered to be united by shared 1996) with the exception of Blossfeldia (But- Edwards and others (2005) presented a phy- Pereskia (Butterworth and Wallace 2005; Ed- plesiomorphies rather than distinct synapo- terworth 2006). logeny based on sequence data from all three wards and others 2005). We then present, for 48. Butterworth And EdwArds—EArlIest DIVergences In CActAceAE . HASELTONIA 14,.2008. 49 the first time, the analysis of combined DNA paraphyletic, although there were differ- phyC 1.00 Pereskiopsis 1.00 Maternal sequence data used in those studies. ences regarding which other groups were 1.00 Pereskiopsis porteri 1.00 Butterworth CA and Wallace RS 2005. nested within the genus. Butterworth and Published in December, 2005, this study Wallace (2005) placed sampled members of 1.00 Quiabentia verticillata 1.00 0.75 added DNA sequence data from the chlo- the Opuntioideae and Maihuenioideae out- 1.00 Quiabentia zehntneri roplast rpl16 intron and psbA-trnH IGS to side the clade containing Pereskia. However, 1.00 Brasilopuntia brasilensis 1.00 the chloroplast restriction-site data of Wal- the basal polychotomy does not allow infer- 1.00 lace (1995). The strict consensus from max- ences regarding the “ancestral” lineage of the Opuntia dilleni imum-parsimony analysis for the combined Cactaceae. Sampled species of the Cactoideae 1.00 Austrocylindropuntia subulata 0.79 data set (Fig 1) gave greater phylogenetic were placed, phylogenetically within Pereskia, Tephrocactus articulatus P lych- resolution than that of Wallace (1995) and in a sister-group relationship with . 0.71 recovered several key Pereskia clades as out- nidiflora De Candolle. Edwards and oth- Echinocactus platyacanthus 0.77 lined by Leuenberger (1986), including the ers (2005) also demonstrated a paraphyletic 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.75 Cereus fernambucensis Horrida, Zinniiflora, Guamacho, and Gran- Pereskia, although their phylogeny indicated 1.00 1.00 diflora groups. This study also placed several the presence, within Pereskia, of a clade con- Calymmanthium substerile enigmatic taxa with good statistical support: taining members of the Cactoideae, Opun- 1.00 Blossfeldia liliputiana P. aculeata Miller was united with the Horrida tioideae, and Maihuenioideae. Furthermore, 1.00 Maihuenia patagonica group and P. bleo with the Zinniiflora group. according to Edwards and others, the fun- 1.00 Relationships among the various subfamilies damental split in the Cactaceae is between Maihuenia poeppigii remained ambiguous, but importantly, there a lineage of northern Pereskia species and all Pereskia grandifolia var grandifolia 1.00 was no indication that Maihuenia should be other cacti termed the “Caulocacti” (in ref- 0.9 1.00 Pereskia stenantha 1.00 united with Pereskia, and there was moder- erence to the presence of stem stomata and 0.92 ately strong support for sampled Cactoideae delayed bark formation, two traits shared by Pereskia nemorosa 1.00 1.00 being nested within Pereskia. most members of this clade). The caulocacti Pereskia sacharosa 0.99 Edwards E, Nyffeler R, Donoghue MJ include the South American Pereskia species Pereskia aculeata 2005. This study, published in August 2005, and the “core” cacti—Opuntioideae, Cactoi- 1.00 1.00 not only utilized chloroplast trnK/matK, psbA-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Haseltonia Articles and Authors.Xlsx
    ABCDEFG 1 CSSA "HASELTONIA" ARTICLE TITLES #1 1993–#26 2019 AUTHOR(S) R ISSUE(S) PAGES KEY WORD 1 KEY WORD 2 2 A Cactus Database for the State of Baja California, Mexico Resendiz Ruiz, María Elena 2000 7 97-99 BajaCalifornia Database A First Record of Yucca aloifolia L. (Agavaceae/Asparagaceae) Naturalized Smith, Gideon F, Figueiredo, 3 in South Africa with Notes on its uses and Reproductive Biology Estrela & Crouch, Neil R 2012 17 87-93 Yucca Fotinos, Tonya D, Clase, Teodoro, Veloz, Alberto, Jimenez, Francisco, Griffith, M A Minimally Invasive, Automated Procedure for DNA Extraction from Patrick & Wettberg, Eric JB 4 Epidermal Peels of Succulent Cacti (Cactaceae) von 2016 22 46-47 Cacti DNA 5 A Morphological Phylogeny of the Genus Conophytum N.E.Br. (Aizoaceae) Opel, Matthew R 2005 11 53-77 Conophytum 6 A New Account of Echidnopsis Hook. F. (Asclepiadaceae: Stapeliae) Plowes, Darrel CH 1993 1 65-85 Echidnopsis 7 A New Cholla (Cactaceae) from Baja California, Mexico Rebman, Jon P 1998 6 17-21 Cylindropuntia 8 A New Combination in the genus Agave Etter, Julia & Kristen, Martin 2006 12 70 Agave A New Series of the Genus Opuntia Mill. (Opuntieae, Opuntioideae, Oakley, Luis & Kiesling, 9 Cactaceae) from Austral South America Roberto 2016 22 22-30 Opuntia McCoy, Tom & Newton, 10 A New Shrubby Species of Aloe in the Imatong Mountains, Southern Sudan Leonard E 2014 19 64-65 Aloe 11 A New Species of Aloe on the Ethiopia-Sudan Border Newton, Leonard E 2002 9 14-16 Aloe A new species of Ceropegia sect.
    [Show full text]
  • What Did the First Cacti Look Like
    What Did the First Cactus Look like? An Attempt to Reconcile the Morphological and Molecular Evidence Author(s): M. Patrick Griffith Source: Taxon, Vol. 53, No. 2 (May, 2004), pp. 493-499 Published by: International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4135628 . Accessed: 03/12/2014 10:33 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Taxon. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 192.135.179.249 on Wed, 3 Dec 2014 10:33:44 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions TAXON 53 (2) ' May 2004: 493-499 Griffith * The first cactus What did the first cactus look like? An attempt to reconcile the morpholog- ical and molecular evidence M. Patrick Griffith Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 N. College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, U.S.A. michael.patrick. [email protected] THE EXTANT DIVERSITYOF CAC- EARLYHYPOTHESES ON CACTUS TUS FORM EVOLUTION Cacti have fascinated students of naturalhistory for To estimate evolutionaryrelationships many authors many millennia. Evidence exists for use of cacti as food, determinewhich morphological features are primitive or medicine, and ornamentalplants by peoples of the New ancestral versus advanced or derived.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright Notice
    Copyright Notice This electronic reprint is provided by the author(s) to be consulted by fellow scientists. It is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. Further reproduction or distribution of this reprint is restricted by copyright laws. If in doubt about fair use of reprints for research purposes, the user should review the copyright notice contained in the original journal from which this electronic reprint was made. Journal of Vegetation Science 7: 667-680, 1996 © IAVS; Opulus Press Uppsala. Printed in Sweden - Biogeographic patterns of Argentine cacti - 667 Species richness of Argentine cacti: A test of biogeographic hypotheses Mourelle, Cristina & Ezcurra, Exequiel Centro de Ecología, UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-275, 04510 - Mexico, D.F., Mexico; Fax +52 5 6228995; E-mail [email protected] Abstract. Patterns of species richness are described for 50 cacti and (e) pereskioid cacti. Columnar species have columnar, 109 globose and 50 opuntioid cacti species in 318 column-like stems with ribs, formed by an arrangement grid cells (1°×1°) covering Argentina. Biological richness of the areoles in longitudinal rows. These species have hypotheses were tested by regressing 15 environmental parallel vascular bundles, separated by succulent paren- descriptors against species richness in each group. We also chyma, sometimes fusing towards a woody base in the included the collection effort (estimated as the logarithm of the number of herbarium specimens collected in each cell) to adults. We broadly considered as columnar cacti: estimate the possible error induced by underrepresentation in candelabriform arborescent species, unbranched erect certain cells.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
    SYSTEMATICS OF TRIBE TRICHOCEREEAE AND POPULATION GENETICS OF Haageocereus (CACTACEAE) By MÓNICA ARAKAKI MAKISHI A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 © 2008 Mónica Arakaki Makishi 2 To my parents, Bunzo and Cristina, and to my sisters and brother. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to express my deepest appreciation to my advisors, Douglas Soltis and Pamela Soltis, for their consistent support, encouragement and generosity of time. I would also like to thank Norris Williams and Michael Miyamoto, members of my committee, for their guidance, good disposition and positive feedback. Special thanks go to Carlos Ostolaza and Fátima Cáceres, for sharing their knowledge on Peruvian Cactaceae, and for providing essential plant material, confirmation of identifications, and their detailed observations of cacti in the field. I am indebted to the many individuals that have directly or indirectly supported me during the fieldwork: Carlos Ostolaza, Fátima Cáceres, Asunción Cano, Blanca León, José Roque, María La Torre, Richard Aguilar, Nestor Cieza, Olivier Klopfenstein, Martha Vargas, Natalia Calderón, Freddy Peláez, Yammil Ramírez, Eric Rodríguez, Percy Sandoval, and Kenneth Young (Peru); Stephan Beck, Noemí Quispe, Lorena Rey, Rosa Meneses, Alejandro Apaza, Esther Valenzuela, Mónica Zeballos, Freddy Centeno, Alfredo Fuentes, and Ramiro Lopez (Bolivia); María E. Ramírez, Mélica Muñoz, and Raquel Pinto (Chile). I thank the curators and staff of the herbaria B, F, FLAS, LPB, MO, USM, U, TEX, UNSA and ZSS, who kindly loaned specimens or made information available through electronic means. Thanks to Carlos Ostolaza for providing seeds of Haageocereus tenuis, to Graham Charles for seeds of Blossfeldia sucrensis and Acanthocalycium spiniflorum, to Donald Henne for specimens of Haageocereus lanugispinus; and to Bernard Hauser and Kent Vliet for aid with microscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • S2.3 Zimmermann Bloemfontein Talk Jan 2015
    2015/02/15 Opuntioideae:Countries where serious GLOBAL INVASIONS OF OPUNTIOIDEAE: ARE THERE SOLUTIONS FOR THEIR CONTROL invasions have been recorded WITHOUT A CONFLICT OF INTEREST? HELMUTH ZIMMERMANN Genus Countries of introduction and where invasive Austrocylindropuntia Australia, South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Spain Cylindropuntia Australia, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Israel, Spain Kenya, Zimbabwe. Botswana, Namibia. Opuntia Australia, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ethiopia, Yemen, Ghana, Tanzania, Angola, India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mauritius, Hawaii, Canary Islands, Saudi Arabia, Reunion, Spain, Angola, Tephrocactus South Africa. Australia? Cumulopuntia Australia Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica Examples of invasions: Austrocylindropuntia A. subulata South Africa Australia Opuntioideae: Countries where serious Cylindropuntia. C. fulgida var. fulgida invasions have been recorded South Africa Genus Countries of introduction and where invasive Austrocylindropuntia Australia, South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Spain Cylindropuntia Australia, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Israel, Spain Opuntia Australia, South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ethiopia, Yemen, Ghana, Tanzania, Angola, India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mauritius, Hawaii, Canary Islands, Saudi Arabia, Reunion, Spain, Angola. Tephrocactus South Africa. Australia? Cumulopuntia Australia 1 2015/02/15 Cylindropuntia. C. fulgida var. fulgida Cylindropuntia. C. fulgida var. mamillata Zimbabwe Australia Cylindropuntia: C. pallida (Australia) Cylindropuntia: C. pallida : South Africa Cylindropuntia: C. spinosior (Australia) Total number of Opuntioideae that have been listed as invasive at a global level. Genera in the Number of Number of Opuntioideae species invasive species Austrocylindropuntia 11 2 Cylindropuntia 33 8 Opuntia 181 25 Tephrocactus 6 1 Cumulopuntia 20 1 2 2015/02/15 Opuntia: O. stricta var. stricta Opuntia: O. humifusa Ghana (South Africa) Ethiopia Opuntia: O. aurantiaca (South Africa/Australia) Opuntia: O. salmiana (South Africa) Opuntia: O.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Classification and Nomenclature by Norbert Leist and Andrea Jonitz Prof
    ISTA Purity Seminar 15. June 2009 Zürich TlTools for seed identifi cati on species classification and nomenclature by Norbert Leist and Andrea Jonitz Prof. Dr. Norbert Leist Dr. Andrea Jonitz Brahmsstr.25 LTZ Augustenberg 76669 Bad Schönborn Neßlerstr.23 Germany 76227 Karlsruhe [email protected] Germany [email protected] Aquilegia vulgaris, Variation Variation • Variation is everywhere in biological systems. Natural variation at the population level is usualy not continuous, but occurs in discrete units or taxa. Easily the most important taxonomic level is the species because it is often the smallest clearly recognizable and discrete set of populations. • Understanding how species form and how to recognize them have been major challenges to systematists. The variation in one population becomes interrupted, the way to a split into two species strong hairy nearly glabrous Variation on species • Sources of variation: MttiMutation Recombination Independent assortment of the chromosomes Random genetic drift Selection Conservation of species characteristics avoiding gene flow Isolating barriers: temporal (seasonal, diurnal) habitat (wet, dry; calceous, silicious) floral (structural, behavioral eg. adaptations for pollinators) reproductive mode (self fertilisation, agamospery) incompatibility (pollen, seeds) hybrid inviability hybrid floral isolation hybrid sterility hybrid break down Iris germanica Iris sibirica Isolation by habitat Definition of „species“ is not easy A species is the smallest aggregation of populations
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Hybridization of Northern Chihuahuan Desert Region Opuntia (Cactaceae) M
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 20 | Issue 1 Article 6 2001 Experimental Hybridization of Northern Chihuahuan Desert Region Opuntia (Cactaceae) M. Patrick Griffith Sul Ross State University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Griffith, M. Patrick (2001) "Experimental Hybridization of Northern Chihuahuan Desert Region Opuntia (Cactaceae)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 20: Iss. 1, Article 6. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol20/iss1/6 Aliso, 20( IJ, pp. 37-42 © 200 I, by The Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. Claremont. CA 9171 1-3157 EXPERIMENTAL HYBRIDIZATION OF NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT REGION OPUNTIA (CACTACEAE) M. PATRICK GRifFITH Biology Department Sui Ross State University Alpine, Tex. 79832 1 ABSTRACT Possible natural hybridization amo ng II taxa of Opuntia sensu stricto was inve stig ated in the nonhero Chihuahuan Desert region through the use of experimental hybr idization. Established plant s representing specific taxa gro wing in the Sui Ross State University Opuntia garden were used for all experiment s. Reciprocal crosses were made between putative parental taxa of field-observed putative hybrids. and each experimental cross analyzed for fruit and seed set, For each taxon . test s were performed to control for possible apo mictic, autogamous. and ge itonogamous seed set. Several ex­ perimental crosses were found to set seed in amounts expected for natural pollination events. Data gathered from the tests also provided basic information regardin g the breeding systems of the taxa inve stig ated . Data presented here provide support for several hypoth esized hybridization events amo ng Opuntia.
    [Show full text]
  • Pereskia Aculeata Miller and Pereskia Grandifolia Haw) And
    325 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 75, 2019 The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Laura Piazza Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-72-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1975055 Centesimal Evaluation of Two Species of Ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller and Pereskia grandifolia Haw) and Application in Extruded Product a a a b Maria F. F. Carvalho , Leonardo M. M , Maiara P. Mendes , Vanesa Gesser , Claudia C. F. monteirod, Rosane M. Peraltab, Antonio R. G. Monteiroc* a Centre of Agriculture Science, Food Science division. State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av., CEP: 87020-900, Maringá-PR, Brazil. b Biochemistry Department, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av., CEP: 87020-900, Maringá-PR, Brazil. c Food Engineer Department, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av., CEP: 87020-900, Maringá-PR, Brazil. d Department of Design, State University of Maringá, 5790, Colombo Av., CEP: 87020-900, Maringá-PR, Brazil. [email protected] Some vegetables that are rarely used and/or unknown in daily menu, can represent great sources of vital nutrients to maintain the metabolic health of their consumers. Among them is Pereskia spp family, commonly known as ora-pro-nobis, "the flesh of the poor". According to RDC No. 54/2012 (BRASIL, 2012), Ora-pro- nobis can be considered a functional food due to its high protein content (approximately 25%), with high digestibility (80%), 3.35g/100g of calcium, 2.42g/100g of potassium, 1.13g/100g of phosphorus, 0.45g/100g of magnesium and 0.98g/100g of sulphur, leaf (140.36 ppm) and stem (88.75 ppm) iron.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Distribution of Opuntia and Related Plants
    Taxonomy and Distribution of Opuntia and Related Genera Raul Puente Desert Botanical Garden Donald Pinkava Arizona State University Subfamily Opuntioideae Ca. 350 spp. 13-18 genera Very wide distribution (Canada to Patagonia) Morphological consistency Glochids Bony arils Generic Boundaries Britton and Rose, 1919 Anderson, 2001 Hunt, 2006 -- Seven genera -- 15 genera --18 genera Austrocylindropuntia Austrocylindropuntia Grusonia Brasiliopuntia Brasiliopuntia Maihuenia Consolea Consolea Nopalea Cumulopuntia Cumulopuntia Opuntia Cylindropuntia Cylindropuntia Pereskiopsis Grusonia Grusonia Pterocactus Maihueniopsis Corynopuntia Tacinga Miqueliopuntia Micropuntia Opuntia Maihueniopsis Nopalea Miqueliopuntia Pereskiopsis Opuntia Pterocactus Nopalea Quiabentia Pereskiopsis Tacinga Pterocactus Tephrocactus Quiabentia Tunilla Tacinga Tephrocactus Tunilla Classification: Family: Cactaceae Subfamily: Maihuenioideae Pereskioideae Cactoideae Opuntioideae Wallace, 2002 Opuntia Griffith, P. 2002 Nopalea nrITS Consolea Tacinga Brasiliopuntia Tunilla Miqueliopuntia Cylindropuntia Grusonia Opuntioideae Grusonia pulchella Pereskiopsis Austrocylindropuntia Quiabentia 95 Cumulopuntia Tephrocactus Pterocactus Maihueniopsis Cactoideae Maihuenioideae Pereskia aculeata Pereskiodeae Pereskia grandiflora Talinum Portulacaceae Origin and Dispersal Andean Region (Wallace and Dickie, 2002) Cylindropuntia Cylindropuntia tesajo Cylindropuntia thurberi (Engelmann) F. M. Knuth Cylindropuntia cholla (Weber) F. M. Knuth Potential overlapping areas between the Opuntia
    [Show full text]
  • South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wonderful World of Cacti. July 7, 2020
    OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Succulents part 1: The wonderful world of cacti. July 7, 2020 Betzy Rivera. Master Gardener Volunteer OSU Extension – Franklin County OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Succulent plants Are plants with parts that are thickened and fleshy, capacity that helps to retain water in arid climates. Over 25 families have species of succulents. The most representative families are: Crassulaceae, Agavaceae, Aizoaceae, Euphorbiacea and Cactaceae. 2 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION The Cactaceae family is endemic to America and the distribution extends throughout the continent from Canada to Argentina, in addition to the Galapagos Islands and Antilles Most important centers of diversification (Bravo-Hollis & Sánchez-Mejorada, 1978; Hernández & Godínez, 1994; Arias-Montes, 1993; Anderson, 2001; Guzmán et al., 2003; Ortega- Baes & Godínez-Alvarez, 2006 3 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION There is an exception — one of the 1,800 species occurs naturally in Africa, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar Rhipsalis baccifera 4 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION The Cactaceae family includes between ~ 1,800 and 2,000 species whose life forms include climbing, epiphytic, shrubby, upright, creeping or decumbent plants, globose, cylindrical or columnar in shape (Bravo-Hollis & Sánchez-Mejorada, 1978; Hernández & Godínez, 1994; Guzmán et al., 2003). 5 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Cacti are found in a wide variety of environments, however the greatest diversity of forms is found in arid and semi-arid areas, where they play an important role in maintaining the stability of ecosystems (Bravo-Hollis & Sánchez-Mejorada, 1978; Hernández & Godínez, 1994; Guzmán et al., 2003). 6 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION The Cactaceae family are dicotyledonous plants 2 cotyledons Astrophytum myriostigma (common names: Bishop´s cap cactus, bishop’s hat or miter cactus) 7 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION General Anatomy of a Cactus Cactus spines are produced from specialized structures called areoles, a kind of highly reduced branch.
    [Show full text]
  • Gooseberry Flyer.Pub
    ST PE T Barbados Gooseberry ER Please Call AL 553-5236 Photo by ARC-PPRI. Photographs by TNC Hawaii What is it? Why is it a What is MoMISC What can you do? • Barbados gooseberry problem in doing? • Do not grow Barbados (Pereskia aculeata) is gooseberry. Hawaii? • The Molokai/Maui a cactus from the West Invasive Species • If left unchecked, Indies that is invading Committee is a multi- • Learn to identify invasive Barbados gooseberry Hawaii. sector partnership species in the MoMISC can form a dense fighting to protect brochure. canopy that quickly • Gooseberry appears Molokai from invasive smothers out native as an erect woody plants and animals that • Call MoMISC at 553-5236 vegetation under a liana when young, and threaten our if you see Barbados solid blanket of later a thorny vine that environment, economy, gooseberry anywhere on vines. can climb up trees. and quality of life. Molokai. • It forms dense, spiny • The 2-4 inch long, eye- • MoMISC prevents new • Grow native plants thickets and litter shaped leaves are a invasive species from instead of non-native which are miserable dark glossy green. becoming established on plants. Encourage your for hikers and Molokai through friends to do the same. hunters. • It is covered in clusters education and outreach. of long slender spines • Before purchasing a (1-2 inches long). • Plants can spread • MoMISC works with the plant, check if it is through seeds or community to control invasive. You can ask • The flowers are white, various plant parts invasive species on your nursery, call yellowish or pinkish. (leaves, stems, etc).
    [Show full text]