CHAPTER 6 Toolstone Geography in the Northern Cascades of Washington and Adjacent Areas Robert R. Mierendorf National Park Service (Retired), U. S. Department of Interior, 810 SR 20, Sedro Woolley, WA 98284- 1239 (
[email protected]); Kevin E. Baldwin 1014 151st Ave SE, Bellevue WA 98007 (
[email protected]) Background to the Study of North Cascades Toolstone The northern Cascade Mountain Range, or North 1986). The park and its immediately adjacent lands Cascades, extends 220 km from northeast of the encompass the core area of a distinctive toolstone town of Hope, British Columbia, to Snoqualmie landscape whose rich suite of rock types offered a Pass in Washington State. The geographic center of variety of utilitarian options to pre-contact the North Cascades is within the North Cascades populations. Reflecting for the most part National Park Service Complex (the park) and geographic variation in bedrock lithology, this suite adjacent lands. The park (Figure 6-1) takes in of toolstone types differs from the variety of remote alpine terrain comprising the most heavily toolstone used in the foothill, lower riverine valley, glaciated portion of the range in the convergent and littoral landscapes that surround the North headwaters of the three largest regional rivers - the Cascades. Even within the North Cascades interior, Columbia, the Fraser, and the Skagit. Park lands on the abundance and type of toolstone in the western slopes extend from the border with archaeological assemblages vary significantly Canada, south along the upper Skagit River; park within and between watersheds. land extends east across the Cascade crest to Archaeological evidence indicates that, hardly include the upper end of Lake Chelan.