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Nichols, Oren Barn FRM.U / SBR.F fVIPG ~ T R A , M A S 3 < FORM A - A R E A Area Letter Form numbers 1n +,h1s Area F7-2,7-3,7-4,7-5,7-6,7-7, MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION F 7-8,7-9,7-10,7-11 80 BOYLSTON STREET, BOSTON, MA 0 2 1 1 6 Town Southborough Name of A r e a (if any) Sudbury Dam H i s t o r i c District Present Use water supply General Date or P e r i o d l894-1940 General Condition good Acreage Sketch Map. Draw a general map o f the area indicating properties within i t . Recorded by Martha Bowers Number each property for w h i c h Individual inventory forms have been completed. Organization Louis Berger & A s s o c i a t e s , Inc. Date February 1984; revised 1989 fmtw In B|gp§g DAM ^^j^HfiMEB 5 bi I1 ; .Stl.^UR&-DAM 1ft ° CHAMBER # 1 VV: SSI yfawmJ^VE DUCT VHEADHOUSE J 30 BRIDGE* , BRIDGE^ UTM REFERENCE USGS QUADRANGLE SCALE MDC - TRA, MASS. FRM.U / SBR.F NATIONAL REGISTER CRITERIA STATEMENT (If a p p l i c a b l e ) The Sudbury Dam Historic District is significant as representing the intersection of three phases in the development of the metropolitan Boston water supply system: construction of Sudbury Res ervoir (1893-98), last and largest in the "additional supply system" begun in 1875; the W e s t o n Aqueduct (D12-1), built in 1901-3 to augment' t h e supply from Sudbury Reservoir to Chestnut Hill anc to supply the northern distribution facility at Spot Pond; and the Hultman Aqueduct, built in 1939-40 to convey water directly from the Wachusett Aqueduct (see Wachusett Aqueduct Historic District) to the W e s t o n and to distribution in the first of a series of bypasses of existing portions of the system. Dominating the district is Sudbury Dam (F7-2), with its 1800-foot earth embankment and 300-foot spillway, the largest dam structure by far built to that time in the w a t e r supply system. The rising granite face of the overfall likely suggested the theme for other construction at the site, b e g i n n i n g with the dam's gate chamber (F7-3). The structure's (see continuation sheet) ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE Describe Important architectural features and e v a l u a t e in t e r m s o f other areas within the c o m m u n i t y . The district covers about 1/4 square m i l e below (and including) Sudbury Dam (F7-2), on Stony Brook. The dam is the dominant feature, consisting of an 1800-foot earthen embankment with a 300-foot, rubble and cut stone spillway near the center, the w h o l e rising some 70 feet above the v a l l e y floor. Below the dam are the structures associated with several phases in the development of the w a t e r supply system. The eastern edge of the area is bounded by U.S. Route 3C across which are located several light industries.. The valley is roughly bisected by a g r a n i t e - lined open channel leading from the spillway to Framingham Reservoir No. 3. The open channel is lined with arborvitae and conifers; and tall m a p l e s line the road that leads from Route 30 t h r o u ^ , the valley to the dam. The Route 30 bridge (F7-5) is a two-arch span of granite-faced concrete, which carries that road over the open channel. The next structures encountered are agroup of three farm structures (F7-9) that were moved from their original location, near the site of the dam, during development of the reservoir. The house, appearing to date from the late 19th century, is a two-story, hipped-roofed frame structure. Behind the house are two gable-roofed outbuildings, of the same general period and frame construction.^ , c %ee c o n t i n u a t i o n sheet) HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE Explain historical importance of a r e a and h o w t h e a r e a relates to the development o f o t h e r areas of t h e c o m m u n i t y . The Sudbury Dam historic district was "developed" in increments betinning about 1894 and achieved its present character in 1940. The features associated with the Sudbury dam and Weston aqueduct were built under the Metropolitan Water Board, with Wheelwright & H a v e n of Boston as architects for the former, and Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge for the latter. Hultman Shaft 4 w a s designed by the engineering staff of the M e t r o p o l i t an District Water Supply Commission, w i t h Densmore, LeClear & Robbins, of Boston, as architects. BIBLIOGRAPHY and/or REFERENCES Metropolitan Water Board Annual Reports, 1897, 1 8 9 8 Metropolitan Water & Sewerage Board Annuel Reports 1904, 1 9 1 5 Metropolitan District Water Supply Commission Annual Reports, 1 9 4 0 - 4 5 . 8/85 FRM.U / SBR.F MDC - TRA, MASS. INVENTORY FORM CONTINUATION SHEET Community: Form No: MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Southborough F Office of the Secretary, Boston Property Name: Sudbury Dam H i s t o r i c District Indicate each item on inventory form which is being continued below. NATIONAL REGISTER CRITERIA STATEMENT: simple, rectangular form, gray grantie exterior and r o u n d - a r c h e d openings were adopted, with variation, in t h e W e s t o n head chamber (F7-7) a n d H u l t m a n Shaft 4 headhouse (F7-8). Together these structures illustrate the c o n t i n u i t y of form and m a t e r i a l s that characterized the m e t r o p o l i t a n water supply system through completion of the Q u a b b i n system in t h e 1 9 4 0 ' s . Contributing features include the s i n g l e - a r c h Section 1 b r i d g e (F7-6), and the d o u b l e - arch Route 30 b r i d g e (F-7-5) . The t w o m o s t recent buildings (F7-10.il), however, a r e singularly intrusive, their forms, scale and m a t e r i a l s assembled without regard to t h e architectural traditions and standards demonstrated in t h e m a j o r structures in t h e d i s t r i c t . The district retains integrity of l o c a t i o n , design, m a t e r i a l s , and w o r k m a n s h i p , and m e e t s National Register criteria A and C . ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE: Northwest of t h e f a r m structures, o n the e a s t side of the d r i v e , a r e t w o n o n - c o n t r i b u t i n g buildings, one c o n t a i n i n g fluoridation facilities, the o t h e r housing laboratory a n d administrative space. Built in 1 9 7 5 a n d 1958, r e s p e c t i v e l y , these are o n e - s t o r y flat-roofed buildings with exterior walls of textured ochre-hued concrete. Near the f o o t of Sudbury Dam, the r o a d crosses the o p e n channel on a single-arch concrete bridge faced with granite. This bridge (called Section 1 b r i d g e (F7-6)) w a s b u i l t in 1 9 0 2 - 3 during construction of the W e s t o n Aqueduct. North of the b r i d g e is a circle, w i t h a s h o r t drive leading east to t h e H u l t m a n Shaft 4 h e a d h o u s e (F7-8), erected in 1940. The r e c t a n g u l a r hipped-roofed building is three bays deep, of concrete construction with coursed gray granite exterior facing. The side w a l l s have very tall, round-arched windows with flush keystones. The c o p p e r entrance frontiepiece at the w e s t end features double doors below a triangular pediment. North of t h e S h a f t 4 h e a d h o u s e is t h e W e s t o n Aqueduct head chamber (F7-7). Built in 1 9 0 3 , t h e b u i l d i n g is square in p l a n , w i t h a concrete substructure a n d superstructure clad with coursed gray granite ashlar.
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