METAMATERIAL ADVANCES FOR RADAR AND COMMUNICATIONS DR. ELI BROOKNER RAYTHEON CO. (RETIRED) E‐MAIL: [email protected] TEL: 781‐862‐7014; CELL: 781‐654‐5550 BOSTON IEEE PHOTONICS-AESS-ED-COMM DISTINGUISHED LECTURE (DL), 11-9-2017 COPYRIGHT © 2017 BY DR. ELI BROOKNER), BEFORE AFTER ARRAYS HAVE SEEN AMAZING ADVANCES MULTIFUNCTION PHASED ARRAYS
METAMATERIALS
11/9/2017 8 8 MATERIAL ON DEMAND
11/9/2017 9 9 METAMATERIALS
MATERIAL WITH MAN MADE PROPERTIES BASED ON SUB‐WAVELENGTH REPEATED STRUCTURE (TECHNOLOGY TODAY, 2012,11/9/2017 ISSUE 1) 10 10 METAMATERIALS CONSTRUCTION
ε< 0 µ < 0 n < 0 (DEROV, J.S., ET AL, AFRL, CAMBRIDGE, ALLERTON, 2008) FATHER OF NEGATIVE INDEX OF REFRACRION
GEORGIEVICH VESELAGO (BORN 13 JUNE 1929 IN UKRAINIAN SSR, USSR) RUSSIAN PHYSICIST; AGE: 88 INSTITUTE: MOSCOW INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY V. G. VESELAGO (1968 (RUSSIAN TEXT 1967)). "THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF SUBSTANCES WITH SIMULTANEOUSLY NEGATIVE VALUES OF Ε AND Μ".SOV. PHYS. USP. 10 (4): 509–514.
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP METAMATERIALS STEALTHING OR CLOAKING
THE SCIENCE OF INVISIBILITY, ULF LEONHARDT, TEDXBRUSSELS; HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=V9D-EBGRO50 DR. ELI WITH PROF. JOHN PENDRY AT RADAR 2014, LILLE, FRANCE PENDRY SHOWED HOW TO ACHIEVE A NEGATIVE INDEX OF REFRACTION USING SPLIT RINGS AND AN ARRAY OF SHORT WIRES (1999)
PENDRY INDICATED THAT WITH NEGATIVE INDEX OF REFRACTION COULD IMAGE BEYOND DIFFRACTION LIMIT OF /2, DOWN TO NMs: COULD IMAGE VIRUSES METAMATERIALS CONSTRUCTION
ε< 0 µ < 0 n < 0 (DEROV, J.S., ET AL, AFRL, CAMBRIDGE, ALLERTON, 2008) 6X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/12) ACHIEVED AT 0.36 μm
SUPERLENS OF 15 nm SILVER FILM WITH NEG ε; Layers of Ag, Cr, Quartz
(NICHOLAS FANG, APP. PHYSICS LET., 2010, UN. ILLINOIS) 29 6X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/12) ACHIEVED AT 0.36 μm
SUPERLENS OF 15 nm SILVER FILMb1 WITH NEG
Ag Cr QUARTZ (NICHOLAS FANG, APP. PHYSICS LET., 2010, UN. ILLINOIS)
40X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/80) ACHIEVED AT 375 MHz
Metalens ‘Superlens’ of 8x8 λ/2 = 40 cm Long Vert. Cu Wires 1.2 cm Apart
(G. LEROSEY, ET AL, PHYSICS REV. LET., 2010, ESPCI PARISTECH) 11/9/2017 32 40X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/80) ACHIEVED AT 375 MHz METALENS ‘SUPERLENS’ OF 8X8 λ/2 = 40 cm LONG VERT. Cu WIRES 1.2 cm APART λ/25
λ/80
(G. LEROSEY, ET AL, PHYSICS REV. LET., 2010, ESPCI PARISTECH) (U. L. ROHDE, ETAL, METAMATERIAL RESONATORS, MICROWAVE J, 12-15-14) CLOAKING
11/9/2017 35 35 CLOAKING AT MICROWAVES USING SPLIT RINGS
DIAMETER 5 CM
DUKE UN. CLOAKING WITH ACOUSTIC METAMATERIAL
OMSOL MULTIPHYSICS, IEEE SPECTRUM, 9/16, PP S13-S15) 1/4 TH SIZE OF TRADITIONAL ANTENNA BANDWIDTH 25X LOWEST FREQUENCY CLAIMED
(From: R, Mangra, Mil. Antennas 2009) FRACTAL METAMATERIAL
(NATHAN COHEN, “WIDEBAND CLOAKING SYSTEM”, US PATENT 8,253,639, 8/28/12 INVISIBILITY CLOAK • CLOAKING OF A MAN HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED BY DR. NATHAN COHEN OF FRACTAL ANTENNA SYSTEMS, INC. ( HTTP://WWW.FRACTENNA.COM ) • DONE OVER 50% BANDWIDTH AT 1 GHz. • USED FRACTAL METAMATERIALS. • METAMATERIALS NOT NEW – GO BACK ALMOST A CENTURY TO MARCONI AND FRANKLIN
(N. COHEN, FRACTALS, VOL. 20, NOS. 3 & 4 2012, 227‐232) WORLD'S FIRST HUMAN INVISIBILITY CLOAK PETER BLOCKING SIGNAL CLOAK
f MHz CLOAK PETER CLOAKED PETER
f MHz DIAGRAMS SHOWING SUCCESSFUL HUMAN INVISIBILITY CLOAK. (TOP) PETER BLOCKS 'DIRECT PATH' & REDUCES INTENSITY BETWEEN TWO μWAVE ANTENNAS (BOTTOM) PETER INSIDE CLOAK, DIVERTS INTENSITY AROUND PETER, & MAKES HIM INVISIBLE OVER 50% BANDWIDTH AT 1 GHz (2012 FRACTAL ANTENNA SYSTEMS, INC. SOURCE: FRACTAL ANTENNA SYSTEMS, INC) COMPARISON OF CLOAKING FRACTAL AND SPLIT RING RESONATORS SURFACES
(NATHAN COHEN, FRACTALS, NOS. 3 & 4 (2012) 227‐232 CLOAKING OF FLAT PLATE USING FRACTALS
(COHEN ,NATHAN, ED CON 2016, BOSTON; SEE ALSO YOU TUBE)
CLOAKING OF FLAT PLATE USING FRACTALS
0
-10
-20
(COHEN ,NATHAN, ED CON 2016, BOSTON; SEE ALSO YOU TUBE) 1) cloaking is not diffraction. It is guided surface waves producing an antipodal traveling wave , enabled with fractal resonators; 2) the process is manifold-agnostic: anything can be cloaked. No fancy a priori manipulation of permeability and permittivity for the cloaked object is needed. The cloak doesn't know or care what it is cloaking, nor its shape.
Nathan Cohen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFxQEUDIAuk&t=281
METAMATERIAL STEALTH 75% ABSORBTION 8-10 GHZ META-SKIN*
*EMBEDS INSIDE SILICONE SHEET ROWS OF SPLIT-RING RESONATORS CONTAINING LIQUID METAL ALLOY GALINSTAN MADE OF GALLIUM, INDIUM, TIN. (PROF. JIMING SONG & ASSOC. PROF. LIANG DONG OF IOWA STATE UN.) META-SKIN ABSORBTION DB ABSORBTION
(SIMING YANG, ET AL, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6, ARTICLE NUMBER: 21921, 2/23/16)51 FRACTAL STEALTH: 90% ABSORBSION 2-20 GHZ 99% ABSORBSION 10-15 GHZ FRACTAL LOOP RESONATORS
DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE
RESISTIVE FILM BACKING (F. YUE‐NONG, ET AL, CHINA PHYS. B VOL. 22, NO. 6, 2013, 067801) WIDEBAND STEALTHING, <1mm THICK 90% ABSORPTION 2‐20 GHZ; 99%, 10‐15 GHZ
(F. YUE‐NONG, ET AL, CHINA PHYS. B VOL. 22, NO. 6, 2013, 067801) STEALTHING VS POLARIZATION ANGLE
TE TM STEALTHING VS INCIDENCE ANGLE
TE TM KYMETA MSA*-T ANTENNA DEMONSTRATED GOAL: LOW COST KU BAND ARRAY FOR SATELLITE INTERNET COM
*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY LOW $ ELECTRONICALLY STEERED METAMATERIAL PASSIVE PHASED ARRAY GROUPS: 1ST INTELLECTUAL VENTURES . APPLICATION: INTERNET-ON-THE-MOVE . USES VOLTAGE CONTROL OF EITHER: – FERRO-ELECTRIC MATERIAL – MEMS – LIQUID CRYSTALS . DEMODED JUNE 2011; PRODUCTION: LATE 2017 . EFFICIENCY AN ISSUE 2ND GROUP: UN. SIENA, ITALY
(K. M. PALMER, METAMATERIAL BREAKTHROUGH, 11/9/2017 57 IEEE SPECTRUM, 1/12, PP 13.14) *
*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY *
*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY (MSA‐T) • Ka BAND • LAPTOP SIZE, LOW‐COST, 1‐3 KGM • INSTANTANEOUS BW = 100 MHZ (HIGH DATA RATE) • OPERATING BW = 1 GHZ • 1‐4 W RF • ELECTRONIC SCAN = ± 65o (NO PHASE SHIFTERS) • POLARIZATION: CIRCULAR, RIGHT OR LEFT • APPLICATIONS: SATELLITE TO: A/C, RAIL, CAR, HOME • COMPANIES: INTELLECTUAL VENTURES & KYMETA • COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT BY 2017 (http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/inventions‐patents/ our‐inventions/msa‐t; click on: download fact sheet) MSA‐T PARAMETERS MSA‐T PARAMETERS
http://www.kymetacorp.com/products/portable‐satellite‐ KYMETA MSA*-T ANTENNA DEMONSTRATED GOAL: LOW COST KU BAND ARRAY FOR SATELLITE INTERNET COM
*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY ANTENNA LEAKY WAVE FEED
(US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014) ANTENNA METAMATERIAL RESONATORS
(US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014) METAMATERIAL RESONATOR PHASE SHIFTER
NATHAN KUNDTZ, MJ, AUGUST, 2014 PARALLEL L/C MAGNITUDE & PHASE
(F. TERMAN, RADIO ENGINEERING, MCGRAW HILL, 1947) CLOSE UP OF KYMETA ANTENNA
(http://www.kymetacorp.com/technology/product‐stack/) CENTER FED CIRCULAR ARRAY ARCHITECTURE
(FROM INTELLECTUAL VENTURES WEB SITE) 69 SATELLITE ANTENNA
(http://www.kymetacorp.com/technology/product‐stack/) KYMETA PARTNERS
SATELLITE KU BAND ANT SATELLITE ANT; LQD XTAL DISPLAY TECH SHIP TERMINALS AROUND WORLD
A/C TERMINALS MARITIME SATEMAMARITIME ATELLITE SATELLITE & A/C MARITIME KA BAND ANTTIME SATELLITE ANT HTTP://WWW.KYMETACORP.COM/COMPANY/ SATELLITE ANT GOOGLE INVESTING $1B IN $10B INTERNET SATELLITE SYSTEM
AIRBUS ZEPHYR 7 DRONES (PSEUDO-SATELLITES) FLY AT 65,000 FT, 14 DAYS WITHOUT REFUELING, 44 LB PAYLOAD, 108 FT WINGSPAN • SMALLER VERSION IN PRODUCTION ALREADY • GOOGLE, NASA, FACEBOOK ALSO PERSUING USE OF DRONES
https://www.wired.com/2016/06/airbus‐new‐drones‐actually‐high‐flying‐pseudo‐satellites/ IRIDIUM 66 SATELLITE TELEPHONE SYSTEM
(IEEE AESS Magazine) IRIDUM Phone PHOTO COURTESY OF RAYTHEON SPACEX FALCON 9 TO LAUNCH 10 IRIDIUM NEXT SATELLITES IN JAN ( FROM VANDENBERG; 10,000 LBS LOAD IRIDIUM NEXT SATELLITES: 66 SATS AT 485 S. MILES, 48 BEAMS, L-BAND ECHODYNE RADARS USING METAMATERIAL ARRAYS MESA-D-DEV K-BAND RADAR: FACILITY/BORDER PROTECTION RANGE >500M FOR MAN TARGET 60o AZ, 40o EL
MESA-DAA K-BAND RADAR: UAV DETECTION & AVOIDANCE RANGE 3KM 60o AZ, 40o EL
(ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) MESA-D-DEV K-BAND RADAR
•WIDE FIELD OF VIEW – ±60° in azimuth and ±40° in elevation •Beam switching speed <1 microsecond •RANGE – +0dBSm objects at >500 m •SIZE – 22 x 7.5 x 2.5 cm including packaging •WEIGHT – 820 grams including packaging •FREQUENCY – K-band •POLARIZATION – horizontal •PLUG AND PLAY – no calibration required •SINGLE DC POWER SUPPLY – +7 to +28V DC •SIMPLE CONTROL INTERFACE – USB Type C •RADAR MODES – short and long range FMCW (ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) Table 2; MESA-DAA K-BAND RADAR (Tentative Specs)
• APPLICATION: Airborne Detect and Avoid (DAA) for small UAS* • RANGE: >3KM • FIELD OF VIEW (FOV): ±60° in azimuth (120° total) and ±40° in elevation. Multiple units combined for greater field of view. • SCANNING SPEED: 1Hz for FOV; To 10Hz for updating locations of previously detected objects. * Unmanned Aircraft Systems
(ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) MESA-X-EUV X-BAND PASSIVE ARRAY:
• FIELD OF VIEW – ±50° in azimuth and ±45° in elevation • Beam Switching Speed: <1 microsecond • SIZE – 2.5 cm (1 in) thick (excl. packaging) • WEIGHT – <1.4 kg (3.1 lb) (excl. packaging) • BROADSIDE GAIN – 19 dBi at 10.15 GHz • POLARIZATION – horizontal • PLUG AND PLAY – no calibration required • SINGLE DC POWER SUPPLY – 12V DC • INTERFACE – serial USB 2.0 • RF IN / RF OUT – SMA coax port to user transceiver • PULSED AND CW COMPATIBLE
(ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) PARC* METAMATERIAL CAR ARRAY
COPYRIGHT2015. PARC, A XEROX COMPANY HTTP://BLOGS.PARC.COM/2015/10/SELF-DRIVING-CARS- NEED-BETTER-DIGITAL-EYES-TO-DETECT-PEDESTRIANS/ *A XEROX COMPANY, NOW METAWAVE RAYTHEON EMPLOYEE BEATS EINSTEIN
EINSTEIN
DR.ELI 88
DR. ELI AND SARAH PALIN ON DANCING WITH THE STARS
Photo Copyright 2007 by Eli Brookner WITH THE ENCOURAGEMENT O CROWD SOME FOX TROT BY DRS. ANNA AND ELI. DR. ELI APPEARS 3 TIMES ON CHRONICLE TV DANCING (From: Dr. R. Shahidain, Mil. Antennas 2009) • 250-505 MHZ; G=5-8.2 DB, VSWR <3 • ~2500 LAYERS; 3.3” THICK (/20 INSTEAD OF /4) • ANISOTROPIC MAGNETIC DIELECTRIC METAMATERIAL ANTENNA • POTENTIAL USES: NGJ* VHF ANTENNA; REPLACE TALL VISIBLE WHIP ANTENNA ON ARMY VEHICLES; VHF A/C FOPEN ANTENNAS • ARMY RESEARCH LAB (ARL); CONTRACTED METAMATERIALS INC.
*NEXT GENERATION JAMMER
(ARL, ABERDEEN, MD, JUNE 4, 2014) TIGHTLY COUPLED DIPOLE ARRAY (TCDA) BANDWIDTH: 1:20 THICKNESS: /40 AT LOWEST FREQ. DUAL POLARIZATION COLOCATED PHASE CENTERS GOOD POLARIZATION IN DIAGONAL PLANE WAIM STRUCTURE
(TECHNOLOGY TODAY, 2014, ISSUE 1) EA-18G (GROWLER) WITH PODS
(IMAGE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS} ON AIRCRAFT CARRIER
(D. MAJUMDAR, “US NAVY NGJ”, FLIGHT GLOBAL, 5/12) AIRBORNE ATTACK WITH NEXT GENERATION JAMMER SUPPORT (NGJ)
EC-130H EA-18G WITH NGJ STANOFF JAMMING (COMM) F-35
MODIFIED ESCORT DECOY JAMMING F-35 JAMMER
NEXT GENERATION JAMMER (NGJ), GAO, 8/13 AEA* SUPPORT OF STRIKE GROUP
*AEA=AIRBORNE ELECTRONIC ATTACK
(T. ANDERSON & K. MATHIASMEIER, “AEA SURVIVABILITY”, AIRCRAFT SURVIVABILITY, SUMMER, 2009) NUMBER OF RADARS VS FREQUENCY NUMBER NUMBER RADARS OF
THREAT FREQUENCY SPECTRUM J. DELISLE, “GaN BASED AESA ENAB;ES NAVY NGJ”, MICROWAVE & RF, 5/30/140 RUSSIAN 2D VHF VOSTOK CAN STOW OR DEPLOY IN 8 MIN
CARLO, DEFENCE TODAY, 2008 RUSSIAN VHF 3D AESA RADAR ACCURACY OF S-BAND
CARLO, DEFENCE TODAY, 2008 RUSSIAN VHF NEBO SVU CAN STOW OR DEPLOY IN 45 MIN
CARLO, DEFENCE TODAY, 2008 RUSSIAN VHF NEBO UE 3D RADAR; DEPLOYED AROUND MOSCOW WITH S-400/SA-21
HIGH ANGULAR & ANGLE RESOLUTION
CARLO, DEFENCE TODAY, 2008 CHINESE UHF JY-26 SKYWATCH DIGITAL AESA 3D LONG RANGE AIR SURVEILLANCE & TACTICAL MISSILE DEFENCE (TMD) RADAR
INSTRUMENTED RANGE: 600-800 KM 50 DB SCV AZ COV: 360o MECH, ± 45o ELECTRONIC MTBCF: >1000 HRS EL COV: 25o AIR BREATHERS, 70o TMD MTTR: 0.5 HR 500 TRACKS/SCAN PRIME POWER: 175 KW
EAST CHINA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING METAMATERIAL GOES COMMERCIAL Used In Our Cell Phones Advantages Of Metamaterial Antennas: • Antennas 5x Smaller, 1/10th λ •WIDEBAND: 0.7 to 2.7 GHz 1 Antenna: GPS, Blue Tooth, WiFi, Wi Max • 2-4 Weeks To Develop; Inexpensive • Lowers Radiation To User LG Electronics’ Bl40 Chocolate Phone (DA,S.,IEEE Spectrum, 9/09; Poilsne, G., “RAYSPAN® Proprietary Metamaterial Antennas”, ww.rayspan,com; KIM, ET AL, IEEE AP-S, ‘09) 11/9/2017 107 UsingUSING EBG ELECTROMAGNETIC 2.5 cm Separation BAND EquivalentGAP (EBG) To 2.5 1 m CM SEPATION1 M Vertically-Polarized Planar Antenna
F = 2.72 GHz Antenna Sizes: 1.12x0.51x0.157 cm;
or λo/10 X λo/22 X λo/70 Isolation: 18 DB without, 42 DB with, An Increase of 24 DB Electronic Bandgap Equivalent to Separating Antennas by 1 m
(COURTESY OF PROF. K. SARABANDI, UN. OF MICHIGAN; THANKS ALSO TO JOSEPH MAIT, ARMY RESEARCH LAB, ADELPHI, MD; SEE K. SARABANDI & Y. J. SONG, “SUBWAVELENGTH TRANSPONDER USING 108 METAMATERIAL ISOLATOR,” IEEE AP TRANS., 7/11, PP 2183-2190) WIDE ANGLE SCAN USING ELECTROMAGNETIC BAND GAP (EBG) MATERIAL . Array w/ Wide Angle Scan & Possibly No Circulator . Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) Material Between Patch Layers Shown To Reduce Mutual Coupling By 8 DB Scanning Range Scanning range in k-space 1 with 5° tilt 0.8 green: simulated infinite 0.6 array 0.4 red: measured finite array 0.2 blue: specification 0 purple: array with EBG -0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 (COUTESY OF DR. C. FULTON; SEE C. FULTON,"DIGITAL ARRAY RADAR“, PHD THESIS, PURDUE UN., 12/10; SEE ALSO FULTON, W. & 109109 CHAPPELL , W., IEEE COMCAS 2008) THIN, LENDS ITSELF TO CONFORMAL ARRAYS.
(C. Renard, et al, Radar 2009, Bordeaux, France) BREAKTHROUGHS: METAMATERIAL MICROWAVE: OPTICAL LENS GPS ANTENNA
• MULTIFUNCTION • THIN, ULTRA-LIGHT • WIDE-BANDWIDTH • WIDEBAND • DUAL • WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE POLARIZATION • CAN ETCH ON DETECTOR • WIDE SCAN ANGLE • HIGHER SNR • CONFORMAL 11/9/2017 111 (RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY, 2012, ISSUE 1) 3‐D METAMATERIALS NOW MADE TO ORDER AT VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS
(J. JISCHER ET AL, IEEE SPECTRUM, 2/14P.35‐.) NANOSTRUCTUAL CERAMICS NANOMATERIALS EXHIBIT NEW PROPERTIES < 10 nm CERAMIC TUBES ARE NOT BRITTLE SPONGELIKE, BUCKLE THEN RECOVER SHAPE SUPER-LIGHT, SUPER-STRONG POTENTIAL USE: BATTERY ELECTRODES FAST CHARGING, LOT OF ENERGY PROF. JULIA GREER, CAL TECH ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IMAGE SHOWS NANO‐LATTICES (K. BOURZAC, MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW, NOV‐DEC, 2014, P. 19) R, L,C COMPONENTS AT OPTICAL FREQUENCIES
ENGHETA, SCIENCE, 2007 METAMATERIAL L & C IN OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE
METATRONIC CIRCUIT ELEMENTS: (A) CAPACITOR AND (B) INDUCTOR USING OPTICAL METATRONIC* LAYER, AND USING WAVEGUIDE METAMATERIAL (C) DIELECTRIC WITH ΕC ACT>0 AND ΕC EFF>0 FOR CAPACITOR, (D) DIELECTRIC WITH ΕL ACT>0 AND ΕL EFF<0 FOR INDUCTOR. *METAMATERIAL-INSPIRED LUMPED CIRCUITRY.
LI & ENGHETA, URSI, 2016 CLOAKING
11/9/2017 116 116 HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP VISIBLE SPECTRUM
(WIKIPEDIA) (WIKIPEDIA) VISIBLE LIGHT CLOAKING OF ARBITRARY SURFACE =730 NM (RED LIGHT) 80 NM CLOAK (1/9TH THICK)
(X. NI*, ET AL, SCIENCE, 18 SEPTEMBER 2015, VOL 349, ISSUE 6254, PP 1310-1314; *UN CAL, BERKELEY, 6254, EMAIL: [email protected])
HOW TO MAKE AN 'INVISIBILITY CLOAK' AT HOME FOR UNDER $100 ROCHESTER UN.
How To Make An 'Invisibility Cloak' At Home For Under $100
(HTTP://WWW.BUSINESSINSIDER.COM/HOW‐TO‐MAKE‐A‐ ROCHESTER‐INVISIBILITY‐CLOAK‐2014‐9)
METAMATERIAL BOOKS
(AFTER S. MACI, UN. SIENA, SIENA, ITALY) METAMATERIALS NOT NEW: USED BY MARCONI & FRANKLIN IN 1919 PATENT HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP 70 nm GOLD AND SILVER PARTICALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jseHPnqXlPY HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP METAMATERIALS CONSTRUCTION
ε< 0 µ < 0 n < 0 (DEROV, J.S., ET AL, AFRL, CAMBRIDGE, ALLERTON, 2008) PERMITTIVITY PERMITTIVITY PERMEABILITY
(SEE: DAVID R. SIMITH, DUKE UN. 4/13; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei0K5_qUoaA) (SEE: DAVID R. SIMITH, DUKE UN. 4/13; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei0K5_qUoaA) METAMATERIAL TYPES I‐BEAM SPLIT ELECTRIC NON‐ RING RESONATOR RESONATOR
H E E RESONATOR ϵ(f)= 2 2 ϵ(f)=1‐c[f/(f‐fr)] 2 μ(f)=1‐c[f/(f‐fr)] 1+(fp/fo) (SEE: DAVID R. SIMITH, DUKE UN. 4/13; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei0K5_qUoaA) (Steven J. Weiss, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, IWEM IV, (International workshop on Electromagnetic Metamaterials) Hyatt Regency Tamaya Resort,Albuquerque, NM, 8, 11, 2010) BROOKNER BREAKTHROUGH REFS: RadarConf 2008, Rome, Breakthroughs, 6/08 Microwave J. (MJ) 1/2008, Breakthrus RadarConf 2007, Boston Military Radar Conf. 10/09, 10/08, 10/07, Breakthrus Radar 2007, Bangalor, India, Breakthrus RF Alliance Conf.: Enabling Multi-antenna & Broadband Systems, Ap 5-6, 2010, Breakthrus IEEE Array-2010, Boston, Breakthrus Microwave J. 1/2013, MIMO ARRAY-2013, Boston, “MIMO” & “Breakthrus”, 10/13 Radar-2014, Lille, France, 10/14 8th Military Radar Summit 2/15, VA, ‘MIMO’; ‘Breakthrus’ Radar-2015, VA, MIMO, 5/15 IET Radar-2015, Breakthrus, 10/15, Hangzhou, CHINA IET Radar-2015, MIMO, 10/15, Hangzhou, CHINA Microwave J. 11/2016, Radar & Phased Array Breakthrus ARRAY-2016, Advances and Breakthrus in Radar and Phased-Arrays Metamaterial Advances for Radar and Communications, IET Radar-20
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TAKE 2 TRANSISTORS …. AND CALL ME IN THE MORNING
Pat Arena 11/9/2017 142 PASSIVE CLOAKING USING DIAMAGNETICS & SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(DIAMAGNETICS, WIKIPEDIA; AND CLOAKING, DOES IT WORK?, MOTICONE & ALU, PHYSICAL REV, 2013) SUPERCONDUCTIVITY & DIAMAGNETICS
(SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, WIKIPEDIA) PASSIVE CLOAKING USING DIAMAGNETICS & SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(DO CLOAKED OBJECTS REALLY SCATTER LESS?, MOTICONE & ALU, PHYSICAL REV, 2013) (DEROV, J.S., ET AL, AFRL, CAMBRIDGE, ALLERTON, 2008) ANTENNA PATTERN FOR SINGLE BEAM
(US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014) FRACTAL METAMATERIAL STEALTHING
• STEALTHING SIMULATION USING THIN (<1 mm) METAMATERIAL ABSORBER (MA) • 90% ABSORPTION FROM 2 TO 20 GHZ • 99% ABSORBSION 10-15 GHZ • POLARIZATION & ANGLE INSENSITIVE • DOES NOT PROVIDE STEALTH FOR BISTATIC RADAR
(F. YUE‐NONG, ET AL, CHINA PHYS. B VOL. 22, NO. 6, 2013, 067801)