ADVANCES FOR RADAR AND COMMUNICATIONS DR. ELI BROOKNER RAYTHEON CO. (RETIRED) E‐MAIL: [email protected] TEL: 781‐862‐7014; CELL: 781‐654‐5550 BOSTON IEEE PHOTONICS-AESS-ED-COMM DISTINGUISHED LECTURE (DL), 11-9-2017 COPYRIGHT © 2017 BY DR. ELI BROOKNER), BEFORE AFTER ARRAYS HAVE SEEN AMAZING ADVANCES MULTIFUNCTION PHASED ARRAYS

METAMATERIALS

11/9/2017 8 8 MATERIAL ON DEMAND

11/9/2017 9 9

MATERIAL WITH MAN MADE PROPERTIES BASED ON SUB‐WAVELENGTH REPEATED STRUCTURE (TECHNOLOGY TODAY, 2012,11/9/2017 ISSUE 1) 10 10 METAMATERIALS CONSTRUCTION

ε< 0 µ < 0 n < 0 (DEROV, J.S., ET AL, AFRL, CAMBRIDGE, ALLERTON, 2008) FATHER OF NEGATIVE INDEX OF REFRACRION

GEORGIEVICH VESELAGO (BORN 13 JUNE 1929 IN UKRAINIAN SSR, USSR) RUSSIAN PHYSICIST; AGE: 88 INSTITUTE: MOSCOW INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY V. G. VESELAGO (1968 (RUSSIAN TEXT 1967)). "THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF SUBSTANCES WITH SIMULTANEOUSLY NEGATIVE VALUES OF Ε AND Μ".SOV. PHYS. USP. 10 (4): 509–514.

HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP

HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP METAMATERIALS STEALTHING OR CLOAKING

THE SCIENCE OF INVISIBILITY, ULF LEONHARDT, TEDXBRUSSELS; HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=V9D-EBGRO50 DR. ELI WITH PROF. AT RADAR 2014, LILLE, FRANCE PENDRY SHOWED HOW TO ACHIEVE A NEGATIVE INDEX OF REFRACTION USING SPLIT RINGS AND AN ARRAY OF SHORT WIRES (1999)

PENDRY INDICATED THAT WITH NEGATIVE INDEX OF REFRACTION COULD IMAGE BEYOND DIFFRACTION LIMIT OF /2, DOWN TO NMs: COULD IMAGE VIRUSES METAMATERIALS CONSTRUCTION

ε< 0 µ < 0 n < 0 (DEROV, J.S., ET AL, AFRL, CAMBRIDGE, ALLERTON, 2008) 6X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/12) ACHIEVED AT 0.36 μm

SUPERLENS OF 15 nm SILVER FILM WITH NEG ε; Layers of Ag, Cr, Quartz

(NICHOLAS FANG, APP. PHYSICS LET., 2010, UN. ILLINOIS) 29 6X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/12) ACHIEVED AT 0.36 μm

SUPERLENS OF 15 nm SILVER FILMb1 WITH NEG 

Ag Cr QUARTZ (NICHOLAS FANG, APP. PHYSICS LET., 2010, UN. ILLINOIS)

40X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/80) ACHIEVED AT 375 MHz

Metalens ‘Superlens’ of 8x8 λ/2 = 40 cm Long Vert. Cu Wires 1.2 cm Apart

(G. LEROSEY, ET AL, PHYSICS REV. LET., 2010, ESPCI PARISTECH) 11/9/2017 32 40X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/80) ACHIEVED AT 375 MHz METALENS ‘SUPERLENS’ OF 8X8 λ/2 = 40 cm LONG VERT. Cu WIRES 1.2 cm APART λ/25

λ/80

(G. LEROSEY, ET AL, PHYSICS REV. LET., 2010, ESPCI PARISTECH) (U. L. ROHDE, ETAL, METAMATERIAL RESONATORS, MICROWAVE J, 12-15-14) CLOAKING

11/9/2017 35 35 CLOAKING AT MICROWAVES USING SPLIT RINGS

DIAMETER 5 CM

DUKE UN. CLOAKING WITH ACOUSTIC METAMATERIAL

OMSOL MULTIPHYSICS, IEEE SPECTRUM, 9/16, PP S13-S15) 1/4 TH SIZE OF TRADITIONAL ANTENNA BANDWIDTH 25X LOWEST FREQUENCY CLAIMED

(From: R, Mangra, Mil. Antennas 2009) FRACTAL METAMATERIAL

(NATHAN COHEN, “WIDEBAND CLOAKING SYSTEM”, US PATENT 8,253,639, 8/28/12 INVISIBILITY CLOAK • CLOAKING OF A MAN HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED BY DR. NATHAN COHEN OF FRACTAL ANTENNA SYSTEMS, INC. ( HTTP://WWW.FRACTENNA.COM ) • DONE OVER 50% BANDWIDTH AT 1 GHz. • USED FRACTAL METAMATERIALS. • METAMATERIALS NOT NEW – GO BACK ALMOST A CENTURY TO MARCONI AND FRANKLIN

(N. COHEN, FRACTALS, VOL. 20, NOS. 3 & 4 2012, 227‐232) WORLD'S FIRST HUMAN INVISIBILITY CLOAK PETER BLOCKING SIGNAL CLOAK

f MHz CLOAK PETER CLOAKED PETER

f MHz DIAGRAMS SHOWING SUCCESSFUL HUMAN INVISIBILITY CLOAK. (TOP) PETER BLOCKS 'DIRECT PATH' & REDUCES INTENSITY BETWEEN TWO μWAVE ANTENNAS (BOTTOM) PETER INSIDE CLOAK, DIVERTS INTENSITY AROUND PETER, & MAKES HIM INVISIBLE OVER 50% BANDWIDTH AT 1 GHz (2012 FRACTAL ANTENNA SYSTEMS, INC. SOURCE: FRACTAL ANTENNA SYSTEMS, INC) COMPARISON OF CLOAKING FRACTAL AND SPLIT RING RESONATORS SURFACES

(NATHAN COHEN, FRACTALS, NOS. 3 & 4 (2012) 227‐232 CLOAKING OF FLAT PLATE USING FRACTALS

(COHEN ,NATHAN, ED CON 2016, BOSTON; SEE ALSO YOU TUBE)

CLOAKING OF FLAT PLATE USING FRACTALS

0

-10

-20

(COHEN ,NATHAN, ED CON 2016, BOSTON; SEE ALSO YOU TUBE) 1) cloaking is not diffraction. It is guided surface waves producing an antipodal traveling wave , enabled with fractal resonators; 2) the process is manifold-agnostic: anything can be cloaked. No fancy a priori manipulation of permeability and permittivity for the cloaked object is needed. The cloak doesn't know or care what it is cloaking, nor its shape.

Nathan Cohen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFxQEUDIAuk&t=281

METAMATERIAL STEALTH 75% ABSORBTION 8-10 GHZ META-SKIN*

*EMBEDS INSIDE SILICONE SHEET ROWS OF SPLIT-RING RESONATORS CONTAINING LIQUID METAL ALLOY GALINSTAN MADE OF GALLIUM, INDIUM, TIN. (PROF. JIMING SONG & ASSOC. PROF. LIANG DONG OF IOWA STATE UN.) META-SKIN ABSORBTION DB ABSORBTION

(SIMING YANG, ET AL, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6, ARTICLE NUMBER: 21921, 2/23/16)51 FRACTAL STEALTH: 90% ABSORBSION 2-20 GHZ 99% ABSORBSION 10-15 GHZ FRACTAL LOOP RESONATORS

DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE

RESISTIVE FILM BACKING (F. YUE‐NONG, ET AL, CHINA PHYS. B VOL. 22, NO. 6, 2013, 067801) WIDEBAND STEALTHING, <1mm THICK 90% ABSORPTION 2‐20 GHZ; 99%, 10‐15 GHZ

(F. YUE‐NONG, ET AL, CHINA PHYS. B VOL. 22, NO. 6, 2013, 067801) STEALTHING VS POLARIZATION ANGLE

TE TM STEALTHING VS INCIDENCE ANGLE

TE TM KYMETA MSA*-T ANTENNA DEMONSTRATED GOAL: LOW COST KU BAND ARRAY FOR SATELLITE INTERNET COM

*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY LOW $ ELECTRONICALLY STEERED METAMATERIAL PASSIVE PHASED ARRAY GROUPS: 1ST INTELLECTUAL VENTURES . APPLICATION: INTERNET-ON-THE-MOVE . USES VOLTAGE CONTROL OF EITHER: – FERRO-ELECTRIC MATERIAL – MEMS – LIQUID CRYSTALS . DEMODED JUNE 2011; PRODUCTION: LATE 2017 . EFFICIENCY AN ISSUE 2ND GROUP: UN. SIENA, ITALY

(K. M. PALMER, METAMATERIAL BREAKTHROUGH, 11/9/2017 57 IEEE SPECTRUM, 1/12, PP 13.14) *

*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY *

*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY (MSA‐T) • Ka BAND • LAPTOP SIZE, LOW‐COST, 1‐3 KGM • INSTANTANEOUS BW = 100 MHZ (HIGH DATA RATE) • OPERATING BW = 1 GHZ • 1‐4 W RF • ELECTRONIC SCAN = ± 65o (NO PHASE SHIFTERS) • POLARIZATION: CIRCULAR, RIGHT OR LEFT • APPLICATIONS: SATELLITE TO: A/C, RAIL, CAR, HOME • COMPANIES: INTELLECTUAL VENTURES & KYMETA • COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT BY 2017 (http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/inventions‐patents/ our‐inventions/msa‐t; click on: download fact sheet) MSA‐T PARAMETERS MSA‐T PARAMETERS

http://www.kymetacorp.com/products/portable‐satellite‐ KYMETA MSA*-T ANTENNA DEMONSTRATED GOAL: LOW COST KU BAND ARRAY FOR SATELLITE INTERNET COM

*METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY ANTENNA LEAKY WAVE FEED

(US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014) ANTENNA METAMATERIAL RESONATORS

(US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014) METAMATERIAL RESONATOR PHASE SHIFTER

NATHAN KUNDTZ, MJ, AUGUST, 2014 PARALLEL L/C MAGNITUDE & PHASE

(F. TERMAN, RADIO ENGINEERING, MCGRAW HILL, 1947) CLOSE UP OF KYMETA ANTENNA

(http://www.kymetacorp.com/technology/product‐stack/) CENTER FED CIRCULAR ARRAY ARCHITECTURE

(FROM INTELLECTUAL VENTURES WEB SITE) 69 SATELLITE ANTENNA

(http://www.kymetacorp.com/technology/product‐stack/) KYMETA PARTNERS

SATELLITE KU BAND ANT SATELLITE ANT; LQD XTAL DISPLAY TECH SHIP TERMINALS AROUND WORLD

A/C TERMINALS MARITIME SATEMAMARITIME ATELLITE SATELLITE & A/C MARITIME KA BAND ANTTIME SATELLITE ANT HTTP://WWW.KYMETACORP.COM/COMPANY/ SATELLITE ANT GOOGLE INVESTING $1B IN $10B INTERNET SATELLITE SYSTEM

AIRBUS ZEPHYR 7 DRONES (PSEUDO-SATELLITES) FLY AT 65,000 FT, 14 DAYS WITHOUT REFUELING, 44 LB PAYLOAD, 108 FT WINGSPAN • SMALLER VERSION IN PRODUCTION ALREADY • GOOGLE, NASA, FACEBOOK ALSO PERSUING USE OF DRONES

https://www.wired.com/2016/06/airbus‐new‐drones‐actually‐high‐flying‐pseudo‐satellites/ IRIDIUM 66 SATELLITE TELEPHONE SYSTEM

(IEEE AESS Magazine) IRIDUM Phone PHOTO COURTESY OF RAYTHEON SPACEX FALCON 9 TO LAUNCH 10 IRIDIUM NEXT SATELLITES IN JAN ( FROM VANDENBERG; 10,000 LBS LOAD IRIDIUM NEXT SATELLITES: 66 SATS AT 485 S. MILES, 48 BEAMS, L-BAND ECHODYNE RADARS USING METAMATERIAL ARRAYS MESA-D-DEV K-BAND RADAR: FACILITY/BORDER PROTECTION RANGE >500M FOR MAN TARGET  60o AZ,  40o EL

MESA-DAA K-BAND RADAR: UAV DETECTION & AVOIDANCE RANGE 3KM  60o AZ,  40o EL

(ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) MESA-D-DEV K-BAND RADAR

•WIDE FIELD OF VIEW – ±60° in azimuth and ±40° in elevation •Beam switching speed <1 microsecond •RANGE – +0dBSm objects at >500 m •SIZE – 22 x 7.5 x 2.5 cm including packaging •WEIGHT – 820 grams including packaging •FREQUENCY – K-band •POLARIZATION – horizontal •PLUG AND PLAY – no calibration required •SINGLE DC POWER SUPPLY – +7 to +28V DC •SIMPLE CONTROL INTERFACE – USB Type C •RADAR MODES – short and long range FMCW (ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) Table 2; MESA-DAA K-BAND RADAR (Tentative Specs)

• APPLICATION: Airborne Detect and Avoid (DAA) for small UAS* • RANGE: >3KM • FIELD OF VIEW (FOV): ±60° in azimuth (120° total) and ±40° in elevation. Multiple units combined for greater field of view. • SCANNING SPEED: 1Hz for FOV; To 10Hz for updating locations of previously detected objects. * Unmanned Aircraft Systems

(ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) MESA-X-EUV X-BAND PASSIVE ARRAY:

• FIELD OF VIEW – ±50° in azimuth and ±45° in elevation • Beam Switching Speed: <1 microsecond • SIZE – 2.5 cm (1 in) thick (excl. packaging) • WEIGHT – <1.4 kg (3.1 lb) (excl. packaging) • BROADSIDE GAIN – 19 dBi at 10.15 GHz • POLARIZATION – horizontal • PLUG AND PLAY – no calibration required • SINGLE DC POWER SUPPLY – 12V DC • INTERFACE – serial USB 2.0 • RF IN / RF OUT – SMA coax port to user transceiver • PULSED AND CW COMPATIBLE

(ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) PARC* METAMATERIAL CAR ARRAY

COPYRIGHT2015. PARC, A XEROX COMPANY HTTP://BLOGS.PARC.COM/2015/10/SELF-DRIVING-CARS- NEED-BETTER-DIGITAL-EYES-TO-DETECT-PEDESTRIANS/ *A XEROX COMPANY, NOW METAWAVE RAYTHEON EMPLOYEE BEATS EINSTEIN

EINSTEIN

DR.ELI 88

DR. ELI AND SARAH PALIN ON DANCING WITH THE STARS

Photo Copyright  2007 by Eli Brookner WITH THE ENCOURAGEMENT O CROWD SOME FOX TROT BY DRS. ANNA AND ELI. DR. ELI APPEARS 3 TIMES ON CHRONICLE TV DANCING (From: Dr. R. Shahidain, Mil. Antennas 2009) • 250-505 MHZ; G=5-8.2 DB, VSWR <3 • ~2500 LAYERS; 3.3” THICK (/20 INSTEAD OF /4) • ANISOTROPIC MAGNETIC DIELECTRIC METAMATERIAL ANTENNA • POTENTIAL USES: NGJ* VHF ANTENNA; REPLACE TALL VISIBLE WHIP ANTENNA ON ARMY VEHICLES; VHF A/C FOPEN ANTENNAS • ARMY RESEARCH LAB (ARL); CONTRACTED METAMATERIALS INC.

*NEXT GENERATION JAMMER

(ARL, ABERDEEN, MD, JUNE 4, 2014) TIGHTLY COUPLED DIPOLE ARRAY (TCDA)  BANDWIDTH: 1:20  THICKNESS: /40 AT LOWEST FREQ.  DUAL POLARIZATION  COLOCATED PHASE CENTERS  GOOD POLARIZATION IN DIAGONAL PLANE  WAIM STRUCTURE

(TECHNOLOGY TODAY, 2014, ISSUE 1) EA-18G (GROWLER) WITH PODS

(IMAGE: WIKIMEDIA COMMONS} ON AIRCRAFT CARRIER

(D. MAJUMDAR, “US NAVY NGJ”, FLIGHT GLOBAL, 5/12) AIRBORNE ATTACK WITH NEXT GENERATION JAMMER SUPPORT (NGJ)

EC-130H EA-18G WITH NGJ STANOFF JAMMING (COMM) F-35

MODIFIED ESCORT DECOY JAMMING F-35 JAMMER

NEXT GENERATION JAMMER (NGJ), GAO, 8/13 AEA* SUPPORT OF STRIKE GROUP

*AEA=AIRBORNE ELECTRONIC ATTACK

(T. ANDERSON & K. MATHIASMEIER, “AEA SURVIVABILITY”, AIRCRAFT SURVIVABILITY, SUMMER, 2009) NUMBER OF RADARS VS FREQUENCY NUMBER NUMBER RADARS OF

THREAT FREQUENCY SPECTRUM J. DELISLE, “GaN BASED AESA ENAB;ES NAVY NGJ”, MICROWAVE & RF, 5/30/140 RUSSIAN 2D VHF VOSTOK CAN STOW OR DEPLOY IN 8 MIN

CARLO, DEFENCE TODAY, 2008 RUSSIAN VHF 3D AESA RADAR ACCURACY OF S-BAND

CARLO, DEFENCE TODAY, 2008 RUSSIAN VHF NEBO SVU CAN STOW OR DEPLOY IN 45 MIN

CARLO, DEFENCE TODAY, 2008 RUSSIAN VHF NEBO UE 3D RADAR; DEPLOYED AROUND MOSCOW WITH S-400/SA-21

HIGH ANGULAR & ANGLE RESOLUTION

CARLO, DEFENCE TODAY, 2008 CHINESE UHF JY-26 SKYWATCH DIGITAL AESA 3D LONG RANGE AIR SURVEILLANCE & TACTICAL MISSILE DEFENCE (TMD) RADAR

INSTRUMENTED RANGE: 600-800 KM 50 DB SCV AZ COV: 360o MECH, ± 45o ELECTRONIC MTBCF: >1000 HRS EL COV: 25o AIR BREATHERS, 70o TMD MTTR: 0.5 HR 500 TRACKS/SCAN PRIME POWER: 175 KW

EAST CHINA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING METAMATERIAL GOES COMMERCIAL Used In Our Cell Phones Advantages Of Metamaterial Antennas: • Antennas 5x Smaller, 1/10th λ •WIDEBAND: 0.7 to 2.7 GHz 1 Antenna: GPS, Blue Tooth, WiFi, Wi Max • 2-4 Weeks To Develop; Inexpensive • Lowers Radiation To User LG Electronics’ Bl40 Chocolate Phone (DA,S.,IEEE Spectrum, 9/09; Poilsne, G., “RAYSPAN® Proprietary Metamaterial Antennas”, ww.rayspan,com; KIM, ET AL, IEEE AP-S, ‘09) 11/9/2017 107 UsingUSING EBG ELECTROMAGNETIC 2.5 cm Separation BAND EquivalentGAP (EBG) To 2.5 1 m CM SEPATION1 M Vertically-Polarized Planar Antenna

F = 2.72 GHz Antenna Sizes: 1.12x0.51x0.157 cm;

or λo/10 X λo/22 X λo/70 Isolation: 18 DB without, 42 DB with, An Increase of 24 DB Electronic Bandgap Equivalent to Separating Antennas by 1 m

(COURTESY OF PROF. K. SARABANDI, UN. OF MICHIGAN; THANKS ALSO TO JOSEPH MAIT, ARMY RESEARCH LAB, ADELPHI, MD; SEE K. SARABANDI & Y. J. SONG, “SUBWAVELENGTH TRANSPONDER USING 108 METAMATERIAL ISOLATOR,” IEEE AP TRANS., 7/11, PP 2183-2190) WIDE ANGLE SCAN USING ELECTROMAGNETIC BAND GAP (EBG) MATERIAL . Array w/ Wide Angle Scan & Possibly No Circulator . Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) Material Between Patch Layers Shown To Reduce Mutual Coupling By 8 DB Scanning Range Scanning range in k-space 1 with 5° tilt 0.8 green: simulated infinite 0.6 array 0.4 red: measured finite array 0.2 blue: specification 0 purple: array with EBG -0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 (COUTESY OF DR. C. FULTON; SEE C. FULTON,"DIGITAL ARRAY RADAR“, PHD THESIS, PURDUE UN., 12/10; SEE ALSO FULTON, W. & 109109 CHAPPELL , W., IEEE COMCAS 2008) THIN, LENDS ITSELF TO CONFORMAL ARRAYS.

(C. Renard, et al, Radar 2009, Bordeaux, France) BREAKTHROUGHS: METAMATERIAL MICROWAVE: OPTICAL LENS GPS ANTENNA

• MULTIFUNCTION • THIN, ULTRA- • WIDE-BANDWIDTH • WIDEBAND • DUAL • WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE POLARIZATION • CAN ETCH ON DETECTOR • WIDE SCAN ANGLE • HIGHER SNR • CONFORMAL 11/9/2017 111 (RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGY TODAY, 2012, ISSUE 1) 3‐D METAMATERIALS NOW MADE TO ORDER AT VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS

(J. JISCHER ET AL, IEEE SPECTRUM, 2/14P.35‐.) NANOSTRUCTUAL CERAMICS  NANOMATERIALS EXHIBIT NEW PROPERTIES  < 10 nm CERAMIC TUBES ARE NOT BRITTLE  SPONGELIKE, BUCKLE THEN RECOVER SHAPE  SUPER-LIGHT, SUPER-STRONG  POTENTIAL USE: BATTERY ELECTRODES FAST CHARGING, LOT OF ENERGY  PROF. JULIA GREER, CAL TECH ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IMAGE SHOWS NANO‐LATTICES (K. BOURZAC, MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW, NOV‐DEC, 2014, P. 19) R, L,C COMPONENTS AT OPTICAL FREQUENCIES

ENGHETA, SCIENCE, 2007 METAMATERIAL L & C IN OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE

METATRONIC CIRCUIT ELEMENTS: (A) CAPACITOR AND (B) INDUCTOR USING OPTICAL METATRONIC* LAYER, AND USING WAVEGUIDE METAMATERIAL (C) DIELECTRIC WITH ΕC ACT>0 AND ΕC EFF>0 FOR CAPACITOR, (D) DIELECTRIC WITH ΕL ACT>0 AND ΕL EFF<0 FOR INDUCTOR. *METAMATERIAL-INSPIRED LUMPED CIRCUITRY.

LI & ENGHETA, URSI, 2016 CLOAKING

11/9/2017 116 116 HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP VISIBLE SPECTRUM

(WIKIPEDIA) (WIKIPEDIA) VISIBLE LIGHT CLOAKING OF ARBITRARY SURFACE =730 NM (RED LIGHT) 80 NM CLOAK (1/9TH  THICK)

(X. NI*, ET AL, SCIENCE, 18 SEPTEMBER 2015, VOL 349, ISSUE 6254, PP 1310-1314; *UN CAL, BERKELEY, 6254, EMAIL: [email protected])

HOW TO MAKE AN 'INVISIBILITY CLOAK' AT HOME FOR UNDER $100 ROCHESTER UN.

How To Make An 'Invisibility Cloak' At Home For Under $100

(HTTP://WWW.BUSINESSINSIDER.COM/HOW‐TO‐MAKE‐A‐ ROCHESTER‐INVISIBILITY‐CLOAK‐2014‐9)

METAMATERIAL BOOKS

(AFTER S. MACI, UN. SIENA, SIENA, ITALY) METAMATERIALS NOT NEW: USED BY MARCONI & FRANKLIN IN 1919 PATENT HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP 70 nm GOLD AND SILVER PARTICALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jseHPnqXlPY HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP METAMATERIALS CONSTRUCTION

ε< 0 µ < 0 n < 0 (DEROV, J.S., ET AL, AFRL, CAMBRIDGE, ALLERTON, 2008) PERMITTIVITY PERMITTIVITY PERMEABILITY

(SEE: DAVID R. SIMITH, DUKE UN. 4/13; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei0K5_qUoaA) (SEE: DAVID R. SIMITH, DUKE UN. 4/13; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei0K5_qUoaA) METAMATERIAL TYPES I‐BEAM SPLIT ELECTRIC NON‐ RING RESONATOR RESONATOR

H E E RESONATOR ϵ(f)= 2 2 ϵ(f)=1‐c[f/(f‐fr)] 2 μ(f)=1‐c[f/(f‐fr)] 1+(fp/fo) (SEE: DAVID R. SIMITH, DUKE UN. 4/13; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei0K5_qUoaA) (Steven J. Weiss, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, IWEM IV, (International workshop on Electromagnetic Metamaterials) Hyatt Regency Tamaya Resort,Albuquerque, NM, 8, 11, 2010) BROOKNER BREAKTHROUGH REFS: RadarConf 2008, Rome, Breakthroughs, 6/08 Microwave J. (MJ) 1/2008, Breakthrus RadarConf 2007, Boston Military Radar Conf. 10/09, 10/08, 10/07, Breakthrus Radar 2007, Bangalor, India, Breakthrus RF Alliance Conf.: Enabling Multi-antenna & Broadband Systems, Ap 5-6, 2010, Breakthrus IEEE Array-2010, Boston, Breakthrus Microwave J. 1/2013, MIMO ARRAY-2013, Boston, “MIMO” & “Breakthrus”, 10/13 Radar-2014, Lille, France, 10/14 8th Military Radar Summit 2/15, VA, ‘MIMO’; ‘Breakthrus’ Radar-2015, VA, MIMO, 5/15 IET Radar-2015, Breakthrus, 10/15, Hangzhou, CHINA IET Radar-2015, MIMO, 10/15, Hangzhou, CHINA Microwave J. 11/2016, Radar & Phased Array Breakthrus ARRAY-2016, Advances and Breakthrus in Radar and Phased-Arrays Metamaterial Advances for Radar and Communications, IET Radar-20

136

11/9/2017 138

TAKE 2 TRANSISTORS …. AND CALL ME IN THE MORNING

Pat Arena 11/9/2017 142 PASSIVE CLOAKING USING DIAMAGNETICS & SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

(DIAMAGNETICS, WIKIPEDIA; AND CLOAKING, DOES IT WORK?, MOTICONE & ALU, PHYSICAL REV, 2013) SUPERCONDUCTIVITY & DIAMAGNETICS

(SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, WIKIPEDIA) PASSIVE CLOAKING USING DIAMAGNETICS & SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

(DO CLOAKED OBJECTS REALLY SCATTER LESS?, MOTICONE & ALU, PHYSICAL REV, 2013) (DEROV, J.S., ET AL, AFRL, CAMBRIDGE, ALLERTON, 2008) ANTENNA PATTERN FOR SINGLE BEAM

(US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014) FRACTAL METAMATERIAL STEALTHING

• STEALTHING SIMULATION USING THIN (<1 mm) METAMATERIAL ABSORBER (MA) • 90% ABSORPTION FROM 2 TO 20 GHZ • 99% ABSORBSION 10-15 GHZ • POLARIZATION & ANGLE INSENSITIVE • DOES NOT PROVIDE STEALTH FOR BISTATIC RADAR

(F. YUE‐NONG, ET AL, CHINA PHYS. B VOL. 22, NO. 6, 2013, 067801)