New Journal of Physics The open access journal for physics
www.njp.org
Highlights A showcase of cutting-edge research from 2012 New Journal of Physics
Submitting to New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics strives to publish only papers of the highest scientific quality; both in terms of originality and significance. All research results should make substantial advances within a particular subfieldof physics.
New Journal of Physics The open access journal for physics As a journal serving the whole physics community, article abstracts, introductions www.njp.org and conclusions should be accessible to the non-specialist, stressing any wider implications of the work. The journal does not have a page-length restriction, and Highlights A showcase of cutting-edge research from 2012 letters as well as longer papers meeting our highest standards will be considered for publication.
As an electronic journal that pushes the boundaries of online publication we strongly encourage papers that make use of multimedia in their presentation and are interdisciplinary in their nature.
Would you like to be featured in our 2013 Highlights? If you think that your research has what it takes to be published with us, visit njp.org and click on ‘Submit an article’.
Geographical distribution of full-text downloads in 2012
N. America 22% France 3% China 17% UK 5% Japan 6% Spain 2% India 3% Africa 1% Republic of Korea 4% Russia 1% Australasia 2% Central and S. America 2% Germany 10% Middle East 2% Italy 2% Rest of Asia 8% Rest of Europe 10% New Journal of Physics
Welcome Eberhard Bodenschatz Editor-in-Chief New Journal of Physics (NJP) is now entering its 15th year of publication and remains the highest impact of all ‘gold’ open access journals in general physics, with a 2011 impact factor of 4.177. This is the result of being the pioneer in the open access publishing world. With its continuous improvements and initiatives NJP is attracting the best work in physics. NJP continues to provide researchers with free access to the most cutting edge areas of physics, increasing visibility and ways of disseminating the highest quality research. Although publication standards were increased last year, NJP published more articles than ever before. We are proud to have published more than 100 video abstracts, which were watched almost 50,000 times. Recently, the journal has moved to the most flexible creative commons attribution licence, CC-BY, thereby providing even better visibility for your research. Now you can also use our novel article level metrics to learn about the wider impact of an article beyond traditional citations. The past, current and future success of the journal is due entirely to the fantastic support of authors and readers like you. On behalf of the Institute of Physics and the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellshcaft I would like to thank you for your vital contribution to New Journal of Physics.
From the Publisher Elena Belsole Publisher A big thank you to all authors, readers, our Editorial Board and our partners! We had the pleasure of publishing some excellent papers in 2012, which have been read in all continents across the world and have received more than 1.65 million downloads. It has been a busy and exciting year, making it increasingly difficult to select a collection of highlights. This booklet contains only a small fraction of the enlightening and prestigious papers published in NJP. You can find more online at njp.org. Coming up in 2013 we have some exciting new collections planned, a best video abstract prize and we will be preparing for our 15th anniversary. I hope you will find this collection of interest and that you will choose NJP for your next paper.
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Reasons to submit
1 Make an impact NJP has the highest Impact Factor of all gold open access journals in physics: our 2011 Impact Factor is 4.177 (as listed in 2011 Journal Citation reports, Thomson Reuters 2012)® – up 9% on 2010’s score.
2 Be visible As an open access journal, NJP has worldwide visibility across all fields in physics. In 2012, NJP papers were downloaded more than 1.65 million times by readers all around the world. NJP video abstracts were watched more than 48,000 times.
3 Be fast On average authors receive a first decision within 30 days of submitting their article.
4 Benefit from expertise Every submission to NJP undergoes a pre-review assessment from the Editorial Board and our Board Members offer expert advice at every stage of the review process.
And that’s not all... Take advantage of the other author benefits that NJP offers: •no article length limits •enhanced HTML formatting, including •author-friendly copyright MathJax, mobile views and improved •increased exposure with video export options abstracts – promoted on njp.org •post-publication publicity through and our YouTube channel press releases, social media and •online article usage and citation monthly news highlights metrics
NewJournalofPhysics @NJPhysics
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Contents Welcome 3
Reasons to submit 4
Optics and imaging 6
Soft matter and biophysics 8
Condensed matter 10
Complex networks and statistical physics 12
Surface science and thin films 14
Quantum physics 16
Featured author: Mario Castro 18
NJP and Physics World 19
Quantum optics and lasers 20
Plasma physics 22
Astrophysics and cosmology 24
High energy particle physics 26
Atomic and molecular physics 28
Nanophysics 30
Frequently asked questions 32
Contact us 34
Editorial Board 35
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Optics and imaging Once again it has been a fantastic year for New Journal of Physics (NJP) with an increase in submissions from across all fields, new innovations like online article metrics and a burgeoning collection of video abstracts. NJP has been at the forefront of optics and imaging physics, publishing high-quality research papers that have already made an impact in their W Luis Mochan Universidad Nacional community. Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico Editorial Board They include the first experimental verification of 3D invisibility cloaking, reported by D Rainwater et al (New J. Phys. 14 013054) where a plasmonic metamaterial hid a cylinder from microwaves in free space. Their paper garnered attention from the international media. V Smolyaninova et al (2012 New J. Phys. 14 053029) introduced, with an attractive video abstract, the first realization of an entire array of 2D broadband invisibility cloaks operating in the visible frequency range and capable of hiding 20% of an unlimited area. Such cloaks are promising for non-invasive probing, sensing and communication networks. Y G Ma et al (2012 New J. Phys. 14 025001) designed and demonstrated a new imaging system whose resolution is not limited by the wave nature of light.
This highlights collection only shows a few of the excellent papers that the journal published in 2012, and demonstrates the breadth of high-quality research that NJP publishes in this area, which is why it is a perfect choice for publishing research in this field. Your work will receive the visibility and the recognition that it deserves, with innovative opportunities to present your data that only an online, open access journal like NJP can offer.
RECENT FOCUS ISSUES Perfect Imaging Edited by: Ulf Leonhardt and Juan C Miñano njp.org/perfect-imaging
Terahertz Plasmonics Edited by: Marco Rahm, Tahsin Akalin, Ajay Nahata and Mario Sorolla njp.org/plasmonics
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22,295 Experimental verification of three-dimensional plasmonic cloaking downloads as of January 2013 in free-space D Rainwater, A Kerkhoff, K Melin, J C Soric, G Moreno and A Alù
2012 New J. Phys. 14 013054
VIDEO ABSTRACT Experimental demonstration of a broadband array of invisibility cloaks in the visible frequency range V N Smolyaninova, I I Smolyaninov and H K Ermer
2012 New J. Phys. 14 053029
Subwavelength imaging with materials of in-principle arbitrarily low index contrast Y G Ma, S Sahebdivan, C K Ong, T Tyc and U Leonhardt
2012 New J. Phys. 14 025001
Circuital model for the spherical geodesic waveguide perfect drain Juan C González, Dejan Grabovicˇkic´, Pablo Benítez and Juan C Miñano
2012 New J. Phys. 14 083033
Photorealistic rendering of a graded negative-index metamaterial magnifier Cheng-Wei Qiu, Alireza Akbarzadeh, Tiancheng Han and Aaron J Danner
2012 New J. Phys. 14 033024
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Soft matter and biophysics Cell migration and division, as well as organ growth, rely on cell shape changes and morphological rearrangements in tissues. The field is now ripe for physics to provide new approaches and methods to apprehend these complex phenomena.
Cécile Sykes Institut Indeed, the identification of molecular players has advanced tremendously in the last Curie, Paris, France decade, laying the groundwork for the application of concepts from soft matter physics Editorial Board (editorial co-authored to the study of biological matter at different length scales from molecules to tissues. by Kévin Carvalho) However, biology is not at equilibrium and biological systems constantly transform chemical energy into mechanical work and, conversely, are able to convert mechanical perturbations into chemical signaling. For physicists, the huge challenge is to include these active properties in theoretical and experimental approaches.
In cells, advanced optical tools at the molecular scale allow for visualization of the direct role of locally activated molecules in a physiological context. In a complementary approach, biomimetic systems, which reproduce biological functions in a simplified manner, provide controllable and versatile ways to decipher cellular mechanisms.
Since a key property for cell and tissue reorganization is biological matter’s ability to apply protrusive forces through filaments and contractile forces via molecular motors, the next challenge will be to integrate these properties into generic physical models to understand shape changes in cells and tissues.
RECENT FOCUS ISSUES Soft Mesoscopics: Physics for Biology at a Mesoscopic Scale Edited by: Erwin Frey and Klaus Kroy njp.org/soft-mesoscopics
Physics of Cancer Edited by: Robijn Bruinsma, Jean-François Joanny and Josef A Käs njp.org/physics-of-cancer
Dynamics of Particles in Turbulence Edited by: Mickael Bourgoin and Haitao Xu njp.org/dynamic-particles
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Requirements for contractility in disordered cytoskeletal bundles Martin Lenz, Margaret L Gardel and Aaron R Dinner
2012 New J. Phys. 14 033037
Petal shapes of sympetalous flowers: the interplay between growth, geometry and elasticity Martine Ben Amar, Martin Michael Müller and Miguel Trejo
2012 New J. Phys. 14 085014
Isotropic stress reduces cell proliferation in tumor spheroids Fabien Montel, Morgan Delarue, Jens Elgeti, Danijela Vignjevic, Giovanni Cappello and Jacques Prost
2012 New J. Phys. 14 055008
VIDEO ABSTRACT How gravity and size affect the acceleration statistics of bubbles in turbulence Vivek N Prakash, Yoshiyuki Tagawa, Enrico Calzavarini, Julián Martínez Mercado, Federico Toschi, Detlef Lohse and Chao Sun
2012 New J. Phys. 14 105017
Liquid crystal boojum-colloids M Tasinkevych, N M Silvestre and M M Telo da Gama
2012 New J. Phys. 14 073030
VIDEO ABSTRACT Mesoscale symmetries explain dynamical equivalence of food webs Helge Aufderheide, Lars Rudolf and Thilo Gross
2012 New J. Phys. 14 105014
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Condensed matter ‘Quest for quirky quantum particles may have struck gold’, ‘Elusive Majorana fermions may be lurking in a cold nanowire’, ‘Dutch quantum leap for quantum computers’ – these are some of the headlines that accompanied the reports in April 2012 of a small peak around zero voltage in the conductance of a semiconductor nanowire connected to a Carlo Beenakker Universiteit Leiden, superconductor. Netherlands Editorial Board The peak may be the signature of a particle that is its own antiparticle, a mathematical possibility raised by Ettore Majorana in 1937. It may also have a more mundane interpretation. I expect that we will soon have more certainty, in view of the large number of groups that have joined the search for Majorana fermions in superconductors.
New Journal of Physics has responded promptly to these developments, with a focus issue scheduled for 2013. My own favorite ‘smoking gun signature’ of a Majorana fermion (the half-integer conductance quantization) was first proposed in this journal, and I would be thrilled to see its observation reported here as well. Such a paper would be an obvious candidate for the ‘fast track’ procedure that the editors can offer to exceptional manuscripts.
RECENT FOCUS ISSUES Majorana Fermions in Condensed Matter Edited by: Anton Akhmerov, Liang Fu and Charles M Marcus njp.org/majorana-fermions
Artificial Frustrated Systems Edited by: John Cumings, Laura Jane Heyderman, Christopher Marrows and Robert Stamps njp.org/artificial-frustrated-systems
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VIDEO ABSTRACT Coulomb-assisted braiding of Majorana fermions in a Josephson junction array B van Heck, A R Akhmerov, F Hassler, M Burrello and C W J Beenakker
2012 New J. Phys. 14 035019
Rashbons: properties and their significance Jayantha P Vyasanakere and Vijay B Shenoy
2012 New J. Phys. 14 043041
Over 1000 Melting artificial spin ice downloads as of January 2013 Vassilios Kapaklis, Unnar B Arnalds, Adam Harman-Clarke, Evangelos Th VIDEO Papaioannou, Masoud Karimipour, Panagiotis Korelis, Andrea Taroni, ABSTRACT Peter C W Holdsworth, Steven T Bramwell and Björgvin Hjörvarsson 2012 New J. Phys. 14 035009
Over 1000 Transport in a three-terminal graphene quantum dot in the downloads as of January 2013 multi-level regime Arnhild Jacobsen, Pauline Simonet, Klaus Ensslin and Thomas Ihn
2012 New J. Phys. 14 023052
Over 1000 A topological insulator and helical zero mode in silicene under an downloads as of January 2013 inhomogeneous electric field Motohiko Ezawa
2012 New J. Phys. 14 033003
Dyon condensation in topological Mott insulators Cho Gil Young, Cenke Xu, Joel E Moore and Yong Baek Kim
2012 New J. Phys. 14 115030
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Complex networks and statistical physics New Journal of Physics has become one of the favourite publication vehicles in the field of statistical physics and complex systems, resulting in high-quality publications in this journal. For example, relevant new insight could be obtained for problems as old as the geometry of Janos Kertesz Budapest University percolation fronts by taking into account strong inhomogeneities in of Technology and Economics, Hungary the occupation probability (M T Gastner and B Oborny New J. Phys. 14 Editorial Board 103019).
Networks are also in the focus of current research – with some of the most interesting contributions listed here. K-shell decomposition has turned out to be a very useful tool in analysing network topology as A Garas et al showed by generalizing this to weighted links (New J. Phys. 14 083030). K-M Lee et al (New J. Phys. 14 033027) studied correlated multiplex networks and found significantly different behaviour as a function of the nature of the interaction, while B Kriener et al (New J. Phys. 14 093002) derived the conditions for synchronization and random walk dynamics for pulse-coupled oscillators, which have biological relevance.
Network science is clearly paying off. Its application leads to new insights in diverse fields with truly interdisciplinary examples. H Watanabe et al (New J. Phys. 14 043034) showed empirically (using data of one million Japanese firms), and also by a model, that the sales of companies can be estimated by the network inter-trade structure. D R Amancio et al (New J. Phys. 14 043029) carried out network analysis of texts of books of the last five centuries and were able to identify basic characteristics of literary movements. Other excellent papers in this fascinating field are listed overleaf.
Congratulations for the 4.177 [Impact Factor]! Good authors are encouraged to submit to a journal when the editorial/publishing works as well as it does at NJP. Giorgio Benedek
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VIDEO ABSTRACT Neutral theory of chemical reaction networks Sang Hoon Lee, Sebastian Bernhardsson, Petter Holme, Beom Jun Kim and Petter Minnhagen
2012 New J. Phys. 14 033032
Over 1000 Circadian pattern and burstiness in mobile phone communication downloads as of January 2013 Hang-Hyun Jo, Márton Karsai, János Kertész and Kimmo Kaski
2012 New J. Phys. 14 013055
Correlated multiplexity and connectivity of multiplex random networks Kyu-Min Lee, Jung Yeol Kim, Won-kuk Cho, K-I Goh and I-M Kim
2012 New J. Phys. 14 033027
Over 1000 A two-species continuum model for aeolian sand transport downloads as of January 2013 M Lämmel, D Rings and K Kroy
VIDEO 2012 New J. Phys. 14 093037 ABSTRACT
Evolutionary advantages of adaptive rewarding Attila Szolnoki and Matjaž Perc
2012 New J. Phys. 14 093016
Hierarchical modular structure enhances the robustness of self-organized criticality in neural networks Sheng-Jun Wang and Changsong Zhou
2012 New J. Phys. 14 023005
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Surface science and thin films The physics community is sometimes dazzled, and occasionally bewildered, by the alphabet soup of acronyms for techniques developed over the past several decades to study surfaces and thin films. The 2012 New Journal of Physics Highlights indicate why these techniques are so valuable.
Stephen Kevan University of Oregon Specifically, in addition to allowing detailed characterization of diverse, technologically and Lawrence important interfaces, the techniques have also propelled surface and thin-film physics into Berkeley National Laboratory, USA the mainstream effort to understand phenomena of enduring interest to condensed matter NJP Regional Editor physicists at large: non-adiabatic processes, exotic physics exhibited by low-dimensional for North America materials, kinetics of complex processes and many more. This evolutionary confluence was inevitable: while learning to prepare surfaces and interfaces reproducibly with high perfection has often been difficult, these surfaces are also by definition accessible to diverse experimental probes.
Many of the same tools developed to help verify perfection – electron diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopy, scanned probe microscopy – have subsequently been developed to the point where very subtle yet broadly important phenomena like those listed above can be regularly studied. Equally impressive is the depth at which results from this technique/phenomenon nexus can be modelled, often from nearly first principles. Certainly this is an excellent metric to judge the process of melding surface and thin-film physics into the broader subdiscipline of condensed matter physics.
Did you know? Did you know? In 2012 NJP articles were More than half of our most downloaded more than downloaded papers of all 1.65 million times time were published in 2012
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Non-adiabatic effects during the dissociative adsorption of O2 at Ag(111)? A first-principles divide and conquer study Itziar Goikoetxea, Juan Beltrán, Jörg Meyer, J Iñaki Juaristi, Maite Alducin and Karsten Reuter
2012 New J. Phys. 14 013050
Growth from below: bilayer graphene on copper by chemical vapor deposition Shu Nie, Wei Wu, Shirui Xing, Qingkai Yu, Jiming Bao, Shin-shem Pei and Kevin F McCarty
2012 New J. Phys. 14 093028
Over 1000 Extraordinary epitaxial alignment of graphene islands on Au(111) downloads as of January 2013 Joseph M Wofford, Elena Starodub, Andrew L Walter, Shu Nie, Aaron Bostwick, Norman C Bartelt, Konrad Thürmer, Eli Rotenberg, Kevin F McCarty and Oscar D Dubon
2012 New J. Phys. 14 053008
Thin NaCl films on silver (001): island growth and work function Gregory Cabailh, Claude R Henry and Clemens Barth
2012 New J. Phys. 14 103037
Physisorption of an organometallic platinum complex on silica: an ab initio study Juan Shen, Kaliappan Muthukumar, Harald O Jeschke and Roser Valentí
2012 New J. Phys. 14 073040
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Quantum physics One of the most significant developments in physics in the last two decades was the emergence of quantum information science, which was born by posing, both theoretically and experimentally, the right questions on fundamental features of quantum physics. In turn, these features gave rise to novel possibilities in quantum information processing, such as Caslav Brukner Vienna University, secret quantum key distribution or efficient quantum algorithms, which Austria are classically impossible. Editorial Board
The high interest in this research is exemplified by the recent award of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics to Serge Haroche and David J Wineland ‘for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems’.
In many quantum information procedures and experiments on the foundations of quantum physics the key role is played by entanglement. Typical quantum many-body wave functions are highly entangled making them extremely complex mathematical objects. Now, in the New Journal of Physics Highlights of 2012 Rodríguez-Laguna et al (New J. Phys. 14 053028) invent an elegant two-dimensional pictorial representation technique for many-qubit wavefunctions – coined ‘qubism’ – which allows us to actually see magnetization, correlations, criticality and entanglement of the states. The technique can easily be adapted to help researchers of other fields to deal with highly complex structures, such as DNA or stochastic processes. The beautiful plots that are typically fractal can be seen in the video abstract at http://iopscience.iop.org/1367- 2630/14/5/053028 – a new feature that is available at New Journal of Physics.
RECENT FOCUS ISSUE Quantum Simulation Edited by: Tilman Esslinger, Tobias Schaetz and Chris Monroe njp.org/quantum-simulation
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Driven-dissipative preparation of entangled states in cascaded quantum-optical networks K Stannigel, P Rabl and P Zoller
2012 New J. Phys. 14 063014
Molecular binding in interacting quantum walks Andre Ahlbrecht, Andrea Alberti, Dieter Meschede, Volkher B Scholz, Albert H Werner and Reinhard F Werner
2012 New J. Phys. 14 073050
Quantum magnetism of spin-ladder compounds with trapped-ion crystals A Bermudez, J Almeida, K Ott, H Kaufmann, S Ulm, U Poschinger, F Schmidt-Kaler, A Retzker and M B Plenio
2012 New J. Phys. 14 093042
Locally inaccessible information as a fundamental ingredient to quantum information F F Fanchini, L K Castelano, M F Cornelio and M C de Oliveira
2012 New J. Phys. 14 013027
Beyond Bell’s theorem: correlation scenarios Tobias Fritz
2012 New J. Phys. 14 103001
VIDEO ABSTRACT Qubism: self-similar visualization of many-body wavefunctions Javier Rodríguez-Laguna, Piotr Migdał, Miguel Ibáñez Berganza, Maciej Lewenstein and Germán Sierra
2012 New J. Phys. 14 053028
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Featured author: Mario Castro NJP selects exceptional articles to be press released, and the results can be astonishing. Here Dr Mario Castro talks about his experiences with the article ‘Universality of cauliflower-like fronts: from nanoscale thin films to macroscopic plants New J. Phys. 14 103039’, which was picked up by BBC Radio 4’s Today programme, Discovery News and the Daily Mail. Mario Castro Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid, Q & A Spain How did you feel about the press attention that your paper received? I was really amazed by the attention! We always thought that our work was interesting for a broad audience (beyond material science or statistical physics) but we couldn’t predict the success of the press release. In that sense, I think that the merit is shared with NJP and not only due to the intrinsic merits of our work.
What was the main motivation behind your paper? In our research work we have two main interests. The first is trying to understand specific systems (like the one in the paper, the growth of semiconductor materials); the second is gaining an insight into the generality or universality of theoretical descriptions that are shared in many different fields or scales. I am still amazed at how simple mathematical equations are able to reproduce complex patterns in nature – it makes my personal research not only a matter of discovery but one of personal enjoyment too.
What was your experience of the NJP peer-review process like? In general terms, the referees were constructive and the NJP board member overseeing our paper was willing to evaluate fairly the concerns posed by the referees, but also our response. The process has been pretty fast, which makes the interactions of peer review more attractive (sometimes, when it takes half a year of interactions with the referees your mind is already focused on other problems and that doesn’t help to address the criticisms in a smooth way).
Did you know? This article has received nearly 10,000 downloads so far
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NJP and Physics World Physics World is the membership magazine of the Institute of Physics, one of the largest physical societies in the world. Internationally recognized as a leading physics publication, it provides incisive, global coverage of all topics of interest to physicists. The website – physicsworld.com – provides breaking news, in-depth analysis and multimedia to allow users to engage with others in the international physics community.
Thanks to the ground-breaking nature of research published in NJP, our articles are regularly featured in Physics World or on physicsworld.com. In 2012, four of our papers received a full write-up from the Physics World team.
Isotope separation with a light touch – March 2012 Original article: Magnetically activated and guided isotope separation Mark G Raizen and Bruce Klappauf
Physicists put a new twist on radio – March 2012 Original article: Encoding many channels on the same frequency through radio vorticity: first experimental test Fabrizio Tamburini, Elettra Mari, Anna Sponselli, Bo Thidé, Antonio Bianchini and Filippo Romanato
Cloak-on-a-chip unveiled – May 2012 Original article: Experimental demonstration of a broadband array of invisibility cloaks in the visible frequency range V N Smolyaninova, I I Smolyaninov and H K Ermer
New formula explains the dynamics of fractal growth over time – October 2012 Original article: Universality of cauliflower-like fronts: from nanoscale thin films to macroscopic plants Mario Castro, Rodolfo Cuerno, Matteo Nicoli, Luis Vázquez and Josephus G Buijnsters
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Quantum optics and lasers Professor Florian Marquardt is a full professor (chair) in the physics department of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. In this question-and-answer section he gives his insights on the dynamic field of quantum optics and lasers.
Florian Marquardt Friedrich Alexander Q & A Universitat Erlangen- Nürnberg, Germany In your opinion, what was the biggest research highlight in your field in 2012? Editorial Board There are certainly several contenders, but if I am to name just one achievement, I would point to the first experimental demonstration of a prototypical optical quantum network based on single atoms in optical cavities by the Rempe group. This has realized for the first time an important component in quantum information processing and communication, in a way that had been suggested theoretically 15 years ago.
In your opinion, what are the most important questions being asked by researchers in your field today? I feel there is vigorous activity along various lines. For example, in the domain of classical light propagation, researchers are figuring out how to design metamaterials with desired properties. With respect to quantum optics, people are trying to integrate everything on a chip and to come up with a toolbox of efficient components, like single-photon sources, photon detectors, and nonlinearities for producing squeezed and entangled states. Another set of important questions concerns optical ways to manipulate and read out individual quantum systems, be it single atoms and molecules or solid-state objects (like nitrogen–vacancy centres or excitons in quantum dots).
RECENT FOCUS ISSUES Integrated Quantum Optics Edited by: Jeremy O’Brien, Brian Patton, Masahide Sasaki and Jelena Vuckovic njp.org/quantum-optics
Optomechanics Edited by: Florian Marquardt and Ivan Favero njp.org/optomechanics
Graphene Optics Edited by: Vladimir Fal’ko and Marek Potemski njp.org/graphene-optics
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Over 1000 Quantum interference and manipulation of entanglement in silicon downloads as of January 2013 wire waveguide quantum circuits D Bonneau, E Engin, K Ohira, N Suzuki, H Yoshida, N Iizuka, M Ezaki, C M Natarajan, M G Tanner, R H Hadfield
2012 New J. Phys. 14 045003
Over 1000 Cavity QED with atomic mirrors downloads as of January 2013 D E Chang, L Jiang, A V Gorshkov and H J Kimble
2012 New J. Phys. 14 063003
Opto- and electro-mechanical entanglement improved by modulation A Mari and J Eisert
2012 New J. Phys. 14 075014
Photon–photon scattering in collisions of intense laser pulses B King and C H Keitel
2012 New J. Phys. 14 103002
Over 1000 Gain-assisted extraordinary optical transmission through periodic downloads as of January 2013 arrays of subwavelength apertures R Marani, A D’Orazio, V Petruzzelli, S G Rodrigo, L Martín-Moreno, F J García-Vidal and J Bravo-Abad
2012 New J. Phys. 14 013020
VIDEO ABSTRACT Quantum polarization tomography of bright squeezed light C R Müller, B Stoklasa, C Peuntinger, C Gabriel, J Rˇehácˇek, Z Hradil, A B Klimov, G Leuchs, Ch Marquardt and L L Sánchez-Soto
2012 New J. Phys. 14 085002
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Plasma physics The scope of plasma physics is immense, from microplasmas for medical applications through large fusion research facilities to astronomical scales. New Journal of Physics has published articles from across the field, providing a single venue to see cross-disciplinary opportunities as well as some of the most fascinating results. William Morris Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, UK The past year saw some great advancements in plasma physics with a bright future Editorial Board planned. On the small scale were studies to destroy bacteria such as MRSA and E. coli in ways that sidestep antibiotic resistance issues. At larger scales there are new plans for sustained macroscopic laboratory electron–positron plasmas, for the study of fundamental physics and astrophysics.
Magnetic and inertial fusion research has also seen major facility advances with JET and NIF. Detailed modelling of the micro-turbulence that controls heat transport in tokamaks, and how it both generates and is reduced by sheared plasma flows have been undertaken, and on NIF it has been possible to precision tune the array of 192 high-power lasers to produce multiple shockwaves to optimize pellet compression by the intense laser-plasma x-rays generated inside the ~1 cm hohlraum. These results are challenging models and driving improvements.
We look forward to seeing more work from this exciting and broad field in New Journal of Physics and invite you to read some of the excellent papers published in 2012.
Did you know? Did you know? New Journal of Physics operates New Journal of Physics is associated under a CC-BY licence. This with a number of national physical allows the articles to be shared, societies. Society members receive adapted and made commercial a 5% discount on their article fees use of subject to appropriate Check whether you qualify at njp.org attribution
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Collective energy absorption of ultracold plasmas through electronic edge-modes Andrei Lyubonko, Thomas Pohl and Jan-Michael Rost
2012 New J. Phys. 14 053039
PIC simulation of a thermal anisotropy-driven Weibel instability in a circular rarefaction wave M E Dieckmann, G Sarri, G C Murphy, A Bret, L Romagnani, I Kourakis, M Borghesi, A Ynnerman and L O’C Drury
2012 New J. Phys. 14 023007
Plans for the creation and studies of electron–positron plasmas in a stellarator T Sunn Pedersen, J R Danielson, C Hugenschmidt, G Marx, X Sarasola, F Schauer, L Schweikhard, C M Surko and E Winkler
2012 New J. Phys. 14 035010
Experimental investigation on lane formation in complex plasmas under microgravity conditions C-R Du, K R Sütterlin, K Jiang, C Räth, A V Ivlev, S Khrapak, M Schwabe, H M Thomas, V E Fortov, A M Lipaev, V I Molotkov, O F Petrov, Y Malentschenko, F Yurtschichin, Y Lonchakov and G E Morfill
2012 New J. Phys. 14 073058
Test for bacterial resistance build-up against plasma treatment J L Zimmermann, T Shimizu, H-U Schmidt, Y-F Li, G E Morfill and G Isbary
2012 New J. Phys. 14 073037
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Astrophysics and cosmology This year has been a fascinating one for cosmology, particularly in its connections to particle physics. From observational cosmology, intriguing possible hints of dark matter annihilation from gamma ray lines observed by the Fermi satellite have provided a new impetus to model builders.
Mark Trodden From particle physics, the discovery at the LHC of what is likely to be confirmed as the University of Pennsylvania, Higgs boson also has great importance for cosmology. Many of our most cherished ideas Philadelphia, USA regarding dark matter are tied to the electroweak scale and proposed mechanisms, such Editorial Board as supersymmetry, to stabilize it against quantum corrections – the hierarchy problem.
The Higgs discovery nails down a critical feature of this story, and the results (or lack thereof) of searches for particles associated with the physics responsible for stabilizing the weak scale may simultaneously turn out to be one of the biggest stories in cosmology in the coming years.
The early part of next year will bring its own highly anticipated results, with the first data release from the Planck satellite expected early in the year. Should this reveal evidence for non-Gaussianity in the temperature fluctuations of the CMB, we will have a crucial new clue to the physics of the early Universe.
RECENT FOCUS ISSUES Galaxy Clusters Edited by: Hans Böhringer, August (Gus) Evrard and Joseph Mohr njp.org/galaxy-clusters
The Origin of Matter Edited by: Pasquale Di Bari, Antonio Masiero and Rabindra Mohapatra njp.org/origin-of-matter
Quantum Einstein Gravity Edited by: Jan Ambjorn, Martin Reuter and Frank Saueressig njp.org/quantum-einstein-gravity
24 www.njp.org/highlights-2012 New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics
Analytical theory of Hawking radiation in dispersive media Ulf Leonhardt and Scott Robertson
2012 New J. Phys. 14 053003
Hot gas in galaxy groups: recent observations M Sun
2012 New J. Phys. 14 045004
VIDEO ABSTRACT Matter and antimatter in the universe Laurent Canetti, Marco Drewes and Mikhail Shaposhnikov
2012 New J. Phys. 14 095012
VIDEO ABSTRACT Lensing and x-ray mass estimates of clusters (simulations) E Rasia, M Meneghetti, R Martino, S Borgani, A Bonafede, K Dolag, S Ettori, D Fabjan, C Giocoli, P Mazzotta J Merten, M Radovich and L Tornatore
2012 New J. Phys. 14 055018
Dynamical system analysis of cosmologies with running cosmological constant from quantum Einstein gravity Alfio Bonanno and Sante Carloni
2012 New J. Phys. 14 025008
On relating the genesis of cosmic baryons and dark matter Hooman Davoudiasl and Rabindra N Mohapatra
2012 New J. Phys. 14 095011
www.njp.org/highlights-2012 25 New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics
High energy particle physics 2012 has been an exciting year for particle physics that has offered great insights to one of the major open questions in fundamental physics: the origin of mass. After decades of planning and construction, the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider have made an important discovery by finding a special new particle. Michele Weber Bern University of Applied Sciences, This particle is compatible with the so-called Standard Model Higgs boson and is the Switzerland Editorial Board experimental confirmation of a mechanism giving mass to all elementary particles, and ultimately to the whole Universe. This highlight came among a wealth of other physics results obtained from the LHC, which is really starting to explore the ‘terra incognita’ of the high-energy frontier.
Nevertheless, the Higgs still leaves us in the dark with respect to the masses of a set of special particles, the neutrinos. However, in the same year, another breakthrough has Antonio Ereditato happened with the measurement of the third non-vanishing neutrino mixing angle, through Bern University of a series of accurate neutrino oscillation studies conducted with accelerator and reactor Applied Sciences, Switzerland neutrino experiments: T2K, Double Chooz, Reno and notably Daya-Bay in China. Editorial Board This measurement is directly related to the neutrino masses and ultimately points to the existence of a possible CP violating phase in the lepton sector, similar to the one established for quarks, which could play a role in the understanding of the matter/anti-matter asymmetry in the Universe.
Prospects for the next few years are exciting as well: we expect new results from the dark side of the Universe, namely from experiments trying to identify the source of the still unknown 95% of the whole energy/matter balance of the Universe, the so-called dark matter and dark energy. Stay tuned!
RECENT FOCUS ISSUE Antimatter Physics and Chemistry Edited by: Stephen Buckman, Mike Charlton, Reinhard Krause-Rehberg, Gaetana Laricchia, Cliff Surko, Eberhard Widmann and Yasunori Yamazaki njp.org/antimatter
26 www.njp.org/highlights-2012 New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics
" Search for νμ ντ oscillation with the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam The OPERA Collaboration
2012 New J. Phys. 14 033017
Probing minimal supersymmetry at the LHC with the Higgs boson masses L Maiani, A D Polosa and V Riquer
2012 New J. Phys. 14 073029
Non-Abelian BF theory for 2 + 1 dimensional topological states of matter A Blasi, A Braggio, M Carrega, D Ferraro, N Maggiore and N Magnoli
2012 New J. Phys. 14 013060
Supersymmetric lattice fermions on the triangular lattice: superfrustration and criticality L Huijse, D Mehta, N Moran, K Schoutens and J Vala
2012 New J. Phys. 14 073002
Combining neutrino oscillation experiments with the Feldman–Cousins method A V Waldron, M D Haigh and A Weber
2012 New J. Phys. 14 063037
Quantum simulation of neutrino oscillations with trapped ions C Noh, B M Rodríguez-Lara and D G Angelakis
2012 New J. Phys. 14 033028
www.njp.org/highlights-2012 27 New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics
Atomic and molecular physics Recently, a broad group of atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physicists associated with the National Science Foundation put together their vision for the future of AMO1. Quoting from this document, ‘AMO physics seeks to investigate and understand the fundamental behavior of matter and fields as Nature presents them to us, at the energy and length scales set by Lincoln D Carr Colorado School of electrons, atoms, molecules, and photons and their interactions’. Mines, USA Editorial Board These investigations include the ultracold, ultrafast and ultraprecise. Especially exciting in 2012 was the Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Serge Haroche at the Ecole Normale Supérieure and College de France in Paris, and David J Wineland at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado, ‘for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems’. Extraordinary progress in AMO quantum physics continues in the intersection of macroscopic quantum mechanics and quantum gravity, in quantum simulators in ultracold quantum gases and other systems, and of course in developing quantum information processors in trapped ions and many other contexts.
Other exciting directions include ‘describing complex correlations in atomic-molecular structure and collisions, testing fundamental forces and symmetries using AMO techniques, creating and studying collective and exotic states of matter, exploring matter and fields far away from equilibrium, coherently controlling and imaging AMO systems, and interfacing the worlds of AMO physics and nanoscience’1. I am personally particularly excited about the intersection of ultracold molecules and coherent quantum control: two simultaneous workshops will take place on these topics at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara, California, in spring 2013.
1 K Bartschat, D Blume, C M Caves and I H Deutsch 2011 Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics: Recent Developments and a Vision for the Future, AIP at press http://panda.unm.edu/TAMOP/TAMOP_Report_Final.pdf
RECENT FOCUS ISSUES Bose Condensation Phenomena in Atomic and Solid State Physics Edited by: Iacopo Carusotto, Jörg Schmiedmayer and Luis Viña njp.org/bose-condensation
Strongly Correlated Quantum Fluids: from Ultracold Quantum Gases to QCD Plasmas Edited by: Allan Adams, Lincoln D Carr, Thomas Schaefer, Peter Steinberg and John E Thomas njp.org/quantum-fluids
28 www.njp.org/highlights-2012 New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics
An optical-lattice-based quantum simulator for relativistic field theories and topological insulators Leonardo Mazza, Alejandro Bermudez, Nathan Goldman, Matteo Rizzi, Miguel Angel Martin-Delgado and Maciej Lewenstein
2012 New J. Phys. 14 015007
Discriminating between antihydrogen and mirror-trapped antiprotons in a minimum-B trap C Amole et al
2012 New J. Phys. 14 015010
Over 1000 Using a discrete dipole approximation to predict complete downloads as of January 2013 scattering of complicated metamaterials Patrick T Bowen, Tom Driscoll, Nathan B Kundtz and David R Smith
2012 New J. Phys. 14 033038
Photon-assisted-tunneling toolbox for quantum simulations in ion traps Alejandro Bermudez, Tobias Schaetz and Diego Porras
2012 New J. Phys. 14 053049
VIDEO ABSTRACT Control and manipulation of cold atoms in optical tweezers Cecilia Muldoon, Lukas Brandt, Jian Dong, Dustin Stuart, Edouard Brainis, Matthew Himsworth and Axel Kuhn
2012 New J. Phys. 14 073051
Preparing and probing atomic majorana fermions and topological order in optical lattices C V Kraus, S Diehl, P Zoller, M A Baranov
2012 New J. Phys. 14 113036
www.njp.org/highlights-2012 29 New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics
Nanophysics The relentless drive to explore phenomena at the nanoscale has now suffused almost every aspect of scientific endeavour. Recent progress in nanophysics owes much to the synergy between experimentation – fabrication and characterization – and theory and simulations.
Ping Sheng Many notable developments were reported in 2012, including the detection of Hong Kong University of Science Majorana fermion signatures at the contact region between a semiconducting and & Technology, a superconducting nanowire1, superconducting properties in double-wall carbon Hong Kong nanotubes2, and the spatially resolved mechanical imaging of twin boundaries using Editorial Board contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM)3.
Nanomaterial investigations have bred important emerging research topics, in particular nanoplasmonics and graphene metamaterials. Yet the tremendous progress also raises some urgent issues. As state-of-the-art data capture and processing techniques highlight the limitations of lost electronic phase information, enhancing the electronic dephasing length has become a mounting concern. In addition, predicting the structure and formation pathways of nanomaterials requires inspired research attention as most of the states involved are metastable, so the criterion of minimum free energy no longer applies.
The marvellous breadth and significance of developments in nanophysics are ideally suited to the diverse readership of New Journal of Physics. I hope that the prominence of nanophysics research in the journal continues to grow.
1 Mourik V et al 2012 Science 336 1003 2 Shi W et al 2012 Scientific Reports 2 625 3 Jakob A M et al 2012 New J. Phys. 14 033029
Did you know? Did you know? Our new article-level metrics service NJP is abstracted in allows you to see downloads, citations a number of places, and bookmarking data on your paper including ISI and Scopus straight from the abstract page For the full list visit njp.org
30 www.njp.org/highlights-2012 New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics
Excitonic properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons from exact diagonalization of the Hubbard model Jessica Alfonsi and Moreno Meneghetti
2012 New J. Phys. 14 053047
Modification in electrical transport with a change in geometry from a nanowire to a nanotube of copper: effect of the extra surface M Venkata Kamalakar and A K Raychaudhuri
2012 New J. Phys. 14 043032
Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures Martin Aeschlimann, Michael Bauer, Daniela Bayer, Tobias Brixner, Stefan Cunovic, Alexander Fischer, Pascal Melchior, Walter Pfeiffer, Martin Rohmer, Christian Schneider, Christian Strüber, Philip Tuchscherer and Dmitri V Voronine
2012 New J. Phys. 14 033030
VIDEO ABSTRACT Steady-state negative Wigner functions of nonlinear nanomechanical oscillators S Rips, M Kiffner, I Wilson-Rae and M J Hartmann
2012 New J. Phys. 14 023042
Electromagnetic multipole theory for optical nanomaterials P Grahn, A Shevchenko and M Kaivola
2012 New J. Phys. 14 093033
Over 1000 Nanoscale mechanical surface properties of single crystalline downloads as of January 2013 martensitic Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys A M Jakob, M Müller, B Rauschenbach and S G Mayr
2012 New J. Phys. 14 033029
www.njp.org/highlights-2012 31 New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics
Frequently asked questions What is the editorial scope of New Journal of Physics (NJP)? NJP publishes cutting-edge, original research articles in subject areas extending across the whole of physics. We particularly encourage submissions on interdisciplinary topics where physics forms the central theme.
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32 www.njp.org/highlights-2012 New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics
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Why should I create a video abstract for my article in NJP? 1,500,000 Video abstracts are a great way for you to go beyond the constraints of the written article to explain your research to NJP’s wide audience. Not only that, they also increase readership of your article. Our statistics show that in 2012, articles with a video abstract received more1,000,000 than three times more downloads (on average) than those without. Every video is also uploaded to the NJP YouTube channel for added visibility.
number of downloads 500,000
0 Annual downloads Citation performance2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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1,500,000 4.0
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number of downloads 500,000 1.0
0 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
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4.0 www.njp.org/highlights-2012 33 3.0
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0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics
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34 www.njp.org/highlights-2012 New Journal of Physics New Journal of Physics
Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief Eberhard Bodenschatz Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation, Göttingen, Germany and Cornell University, NY, USA
Regional Editor for Asia Yasuhiko Arakawa University of Tokyo, Japan
Regional Editor for North America Stephen D Kevan University of Oregon, USA
Editorial Board Martin Aeschlimann Technische Universität W Luis Mochan Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Kaiserslautern, Germany Mexico, Mexico Carlo W J Beenakker Leiden University, William Morris Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, UK The Netherlands Miles Padgett University of Glasgow, UK Luis Brey Abalo Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Tomaž Prosen University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Madrid (CSIC), Spain Georg A Raithel University of Michigan, USA Dirk Brockmann Northwestern University, USA Petra Rudolf Groningen University, The Netherlands Cˇaslav Brukner Universität Wien, Austria Terry Rudolph Imperial College, UK Lincoln D Carr Colorado School of Mines, USA Peter Schiffer Pennsylvania State University, USA Cheng Chin University of Chicago, USA Greg Scholes Toronto University, Canada Thomas Elsässer Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Ulrich Schwarz Heidelberg University, Germany Optik, Germany Petra Schwille Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Jerome Faist ETH Zurich, Switzerland Germany Hongjun Gao Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Udo Seifert University of Stuttgart, Germany Francisco J García Vidal Universidad Autónoma de Raymond A Shaw Michigan Technological University, USA Madrid, Spain Ping Sheng Hong Kong University of Science and Sibylle Günter Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Technology, Hong Kong Germany Christine Silberhorn Universität Paderborn, Germany Peter J Hirschfeld University of Florida, USA David J Singh Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA Nigel E Hussey University of Bristol, UK Tarun Souradeep Inter-University Centre for Astronomy Chan Joshi University of California, USA and Astrophysics, India Takaaki Kajita University of Tokyo, Japan Howard A Stone Princeton University, USA Janos Kertesz Technical University of Budapest, Hungary Cecile Sykes Institut Curie-Section de Recherche, France Jacek Kossut Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Joe D Thompson Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA Ulf Leonhardt Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel Michael Thorwart Universität Hamburg, Germany Gerd Leuchs Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany Marc Timme Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Florian Marquardt Erlangen Nürnberg University, Selbstorganisation, Germany Germany Mark Trodden University of Pennsylvania, USA Antonio Masiero Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy Jose W F Valle Universidad de Valencia, Spain Roger G Melko University of Waterloo, Canada Michele Weber University of Bern, Switzerland Gerard J Milburn University of Queensland, Australia Yasunori Yamazaki RIKEN, Japan and University of Anna Minguzzi CNRS, France Tokyo, Japan
www.njp.org/highlights-2012 35 NJP is evolving We won’t just publish your work; we will help you share your research with others in new and innovative ways.
By featuring the people With a NJP video abstract you can: behind the science, •showcase your research video abstracts have •engage with your community the potential to convey •raise your visibility inspiration and •make an impact enthusiasm, and thereby the significance of scientific results, NEW F0R 2013 beyond the concise text the video abstracts competition of articles. Vote for your favourite video abstract from 2012 and Achim Kempf, Waterloo University, be entered into a prize draw for a Kindle Fire. Canada For more information, and to vote, visit njp.org.