METAMATERIAL ADVANCES FOR RADAR AND COMMUNICATIONS DR. ELI BROOKNER RAYTHEON CO. (RETIRED) E‐MAIL: [email protected] TEL: 781‐862‐7014; CELL: 781‐654‐5550 BOSTON IEEE PHOTONICS-AESS-ED-COMM DISTINGUISHED LECTURE (DL), 11-9-2017 COPYRIGHT © 2017 BY DR. ELI BROOKNER), BEFORE AFTER ARRAYS HAVE SEEN AMAZING ADVANCES MULTIFUNCTION PHASED ARRAYS METAMATERIALS 11/9/2017 8 8 MATERIAL ON DEMAND 11/9/2017 9 9 METAMATERIALS MATERIAL WITH MAN MADE PROPERTIES BASED ON SUB‐WAVELENGTH REPEATED STRUCTURE (TECHNOLOGY TODAY, 2012,11/9/2017 ISSUE 1) 10 10 METAMATERIALS CONSTRUCTION ε< 0 µ < 0 n < 0 (DEROV, J.S., ET AL, AFRL, CAMBRIDGE, ALLERTON, 2008) FATHER OF NEGATIVE INDEX OF REFRACRION GEORGIEVICH VESELAGO (BORN 13 JUNE 1929 IN UKRAINIAN SSR, USSR) RUSSIAN PHYSICIST; AGE: 88 INSTITUTE: MOSCOW INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY V. G. VESELAGO (1968 (RUSSIAN TEXT 1967)). "THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF SUBSTANCES WITH SIMULTANEOUSLY NEGATIVE VALUES OF Ε AND Μ".SOV. PHYS. USP. 10 (4): 509–514. HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=JSEHPNQXLP METAMATERIALS STEALTHING OR CLOAKING THE SCIENCE OF INVISIBILITY, ULF LEONHARDT, TEDXBRUSSELS; HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=V9D-EBGRO50 DR. ELI WITH PROF. JOHN PENDRY AT RADAR 2014, LILLE, FRANCE PENDRY SHOWED HOW TO ACHIEVE A NEGATIVE INDEX OF REFRACTION USING SPLIT RINGS AND AN ARRAY OF SHORT WIRES (1999) PENDRY INDICATED THAT WITH NEGATIVE INDEX OF REFRACTION COULD IMAGE BEYOND DIFFRACTION LIMIT OF /2, DOWN TO NMs: COULD IMAGE VIRUSES METAMATERIALS CONSTRUCTION ε< 0 µ < 0 n < 0 (DEROV, J.S., ET AL, AFRL, CAMBRIDGE, ALLERTON, 2008) 6X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/12) ACHIEVED AT 0.36 μm SUPERLENS OF 15 nm SILVER FILM WITH NEG ε; Layers of Ag, Cr, Quartz (NICHOLAS FANG, APP. PHYSICS LET., 2010, UN. ILLINOIS) 29 6X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/12) ACHIEVED AT 0.36 μm SUPERLENS OF 15 nm SILVER FILMb1 WITH NEG Ag Cr QUARTZ (NICHOLAS FANG, APP. PHYSICS LET., 2010, UN. ILLINOIS) 40X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/80) ACHIEVED AT 375 MHz Metalens ‘Superlens’ of 8x8 λ/2 = 40 cm Long Vert. Cu Wires 1.2 cm Apart (G. LEROSEY, ET AL, PHYSICS REV. LET., 2010, ESPCI PARISTECH) 11/9/2017 32 40X DIFFRACTION LIMIT (λ/80) ACHIEVED AT 375 MHz METALENS ‘SUPERLENS’ OF 8X8 λ/2 = 40 cm LONG VERT. Cu WIRES 1.2 cm APART λ/25 λ/80 (G. LEROSEY, ET AL, PHYSICS REV. LET., 2010, ESPCI PARISTECH) (U. L. ROHDE, ETAL, METAMATERIAL RESONATORS, MICROWAVE J, 12-15-14) CLOAKING 11/9/2017 35 35 CLOAKING AT MICROWAVES USING SPLIT RINGS DIAMETER 5 CM DUKE UN. CLOAKING WITH ACOUSTIC METAMATERIAL OMSOL MULTIPHYSICS, IEEE SPECTRUM, 9/16, PP S13-S15) 1/4 TH SIZE OF TRADITIONAL ANTENNA BANDWIDTH 25X LOWEST FREQUENCY CLAIMED (From: R, Mangra, Mil. Antennas 2009) FRACTAL METAMATERIAL (NATHAN COHEN, “WIDEBAND CLOAKING SYSTEM”, US PATENT 8,253,639, 8/28/12 INVISIBILITY CLOAK • CLOAKING OF A MAN HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED BY DR. NATHAN COHEN OF FRACTAL ANTENNA SYSTEMS, INC. ( HTTP://WWW.FRACTENNA.COM ) • DONE OVER 50% BANDWIDTH AT 1 GHz. • USED FRACTAL METAMATERIALS. • METAMATERIALS NOT NEW – GO BACK ALMOST A CENTURY TO MARCONI AND FRANKLIN (N. COHEN, FRACTALS, VOL. 20, NOS. 3 & 4 2012, 227‐232) WORLD'S FIRST HUMAN INVISIBILITY CLOAK PETER BLOCKING SIGNAL CLOAK f MHz CLOAK PETER CLOAKED PETER f MHz DIAGRAMS SHOWING SUCCESSFUL HUMAN INVISIBILITY CLOAK. (TOP) PETER BLOCKS 'DIRECT PATH' & REDUCES INTENSITY BETWEEN TWO μWAVE ANTENNAS (BOTTOM) PETER INSIDE CLOAK, DIVERTS INTENSITY AROUND PETER, & MAKES HIM INVISIBLE OVER 50% BANDWIDTH AT 1 GHz (2012 FRACTAL ANTENNA SYSTEMS, INC. SOURCE: FRACTAL ANTENNA SYSTEMS, INC) COMPARISON OF CLOAKING FRACTAL AND SPLIT RING RESONATORS SURFACES (NATHAN COHEN, FRACTALS, NOS. 3 & 4 (2012) 227‐232 CLOAKING OF FLAT PLATE USING FRACTALS (COHEN ,NATHAN, ED CON 2016, BOSTON; SEE ALSO YOU TUBE) CLOAKING OF FLAT PLATE USING FRACTALS 0 -10 -20 (COHEN ,NATHAN, ED CON 2016, BOSTON; SEE ALSO YOU TUBE) 1) cloaking is not diffraction. It is guided surface waves producing an antipodal traveling wave , enabled with fractal resonators; 2) the process is manifold-agnostic: anything can be cloaked. No fancy a priori manipulation of permeability and permittivity for the cloaked object is needed. The cloak doesn't know or care what it is cloaking, nor its shape. Nathan Cohen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFxQEUDIAuk&t=281 METAMATERIAL STEALTH 75% ABSORBTION 8-10 GHZ META-SKIN* *EMBEDS INSIDE SILICONE SHEET ROWS OF SPLIT-RING RESONATORS CONTAINING LIQUID METAL ALLOY GALINSTAN MADE OF GALLIUM, INDIUM, TIN. (PROF. JIMING SONG & ASSOC. PROF. LIANG DONG OF IOWA STATE UN.) META-SKIN ABSORBTION DB ABSORBTION (SIMING YANG, ET AL, SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6, ARTICLE NUMBER: 21921, 2/23/16)51 FRACTAL STEALTH: 90% ABSORBSION 2-20 GHZ 99% ABSORBSION 10-15 GHZ FRACTAL LOOP RESONATORS DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATE RESISTIVE FILM BACKING (F. YUE‐NONG, ET AL, CHINA PHYS. B VOL. 22, NO. 6, 2013, 067801) WIDEBAND STEALTHING, <1mm THICK 90% ABSORPTION 2‐20 GHZ; 99%, 10‐15 GHZ (F. YUE‐NONG, ET AL, CHINA PHYS. B VOL. 22, NO. 6, 2013, 067801) STEALTHING VS POLARIZATION ANGLE TE TM STEALTHING VS INCIDENCE ANGLE TE TM KYMETA MSA*-T ANTENNA DEMONSTRATED GOAL: LOW COST KU BAND ARRAY FOR SATELLITE INTERNET COM *METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY LOW $ ELECTRONICALLY STEERED METAMATERIAL PASSIVE PHASED ARRAY GROUPS: 1ST INTELLECTUAL VENTURES . APPLICATION: INTERNET-ON-THE-MOVE . USES VOLTAGE CONTROL OF EITHER: – FERRO-ELECTRIC MATERIAL – MEMS – LIQUID CRYSTALS . DEMODED JUNE 2011; PRODUCTION: LATE 2017 . EFFICIENCY AN ISSUE 2ND GROUP: UN. SIENA, ITALY (K. M. PALMER, METAMATERIAL BREAKTHROUGH, 11/9/2017 57 IEEE SPECTRUM, 1/12, PP 13.14) * *METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY * *METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY (MSA‐T) • Ka BAND • LAPTOP SIZE, LOW‐COST, 1‐3 KGM • INSTANTANEOUS BW = 100 MHZ (HIGH DATA RATE) • OPERATING BW = 1 GHZ • 1‐4 W RF • ELECTRONIC SCAN = ± 65o (NO PHASE SHIFTERS) • POLARIZATION: CIRCULAR, RIGHT OR LEFT • APPLICATIONS: SATELLITE TO: A/C, RAIL, CAR, HOME • COMPANIES: INTELLECTUAL VENTURES & KYMETA • COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT BY 2017 (http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/inventions‐patents/ our‐inventions/msa‐t; click on: download fact sheet) MSA‐T PARAMETERS MSA‐T PARAMETERS http://www.kymetacorp.com/products/portable‐satellite‐ KYMETA MSA*-T ANTENNA DEMONSTRATED GOAL: LOW COST KU BAND ARRAY FOR SATELLITE INTERNET COM *METAMATERIAL SURFACE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY ANTENNA LEAKY WAVE FEED (US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014) ANTENNA METAMATERIAL RESONATORS (US PATENT 2014/0266946 A1, SEPT. 8, 2014) METAMATERIAL RESONATOR PHASE SHIFTER NATHAN KUNDTZ, MJ, AUGUST, 2014 PARALLEL L/C MAGNITUDE & PHASE (F. TERMAN, RADIO ENGINEERING, MCGRAW HILL, 1947) CLOSE UP OF KYMETA ANTENNA (http://www.kymetacorp.com/technology/product‐stack/) CENTER FED CIRCULAR ARRAY ARCHITECTURE (FROM INTELLECTUAL VENTURES WEB SITE) 69 SATELLITE ANTENNA (http://www.kymetacorp.com/technology/product‐stack/) KYMETA PARTNERS SATELLITE KU BAND ANT SATELLITE ANT; LQD XTAL DISPLAY TECH SHIP TERMINALS AROUND WORLD A/C TERMINALS MARITIME SATEMAMARITIME ATELLITE SATELLITE & A/C MARITIME KA BAND ANTTIME SATELLITE ANT HTTP://WWW.KYMETACORP.COM/COMPANY/ SATELLITE ANT GOOGLE INVESTING $1B IN $10B INTERNET SATELLITE SYSTEM AIRBUS ZEPHYR 7 DRONES (PSEUDO-SATELLITES) FLY AT 65,000 FT, 14 DAYS WITHOUT REFUELING, 44 LB PAYLOAD, 108 FT WINGSPAN • SMALLER VERSION IN PRODUCTION ALREADY • GOOGLE, NASA, FACEBOOK ALSO PERSUING USE OF DRONES https://www.wired.com/2016/06/airbus‐new‐drones‐actually‐high‐flying‐pseudo‐satellites/ IRIDIUM 66 SATELLITE TELEPHONE SYSTEM (IEEE AESS Magazine) IRIDUM Phone PHOTO COURTESY OF RAYTHEON SPACEX FALCON 9 TO LAUNCH 10 IRIDIUM NEXT SATELLITES IN JAN ( FROM VANDENBERG; 10,000 LBS LOAD IRIDIUM NEXT SATELLITES: 66 SATS AT 485 S. MILES, 48 BEAMS, L-BAND ECHODYNE RADARS USING METAMATERIAL ARRAYS MESA-D-DEV K-BAND RADAR: FACILITY/BORDER PROTECTION RANGE >500M FOR MAN TARGET 60o AZ, 40o EL MESA-DAA K-BAND RADAR: UAV DETECTION & AVOIDANCE RANGE 3KM 60o AZ, 40o EL (ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) MESA-D-DEV K-BAND RADAR •WIDE FIELD OF VIEW – ±60° in azimuth and ±40° in elevation •Beam switching speed <1 microsecond •RANGE – +0dBSm objects at >500 m •SIZE – 22 x 7.5 x 2.5 cm including packaging •WEIGHT – 820 grams including packaging •FREQUENCY – K-band •POLARIZATION – horizontal •PLUG AND PLAY – no calibration required •SINGLE DC POWER SUPPLY – +7 to +28V DC •SIMPLE CONTROL INTERFACE – USB Type C •RADAR MODES – short and long range FMCW (ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) Table 2; MESA-DAA K-BAND RADAR (Tentative Specs) • APPLICATION: Airborne Detect and Avoid (DAA) for small UAS* • RANGE: >3KM • FIELD OF VIEW (FOV): ±60° in azimuth (120° total) and ±40° in elevation. Multiple units combined for greater field of view. • SCANNING SPEED: 1Hz for FOV; To 10Hz for updating locations of previously detected objects. * Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) MESA-X-EUV X-BAND PASSIVE ARRAY: • FIELD OF VIEW – ±50° in azimuth and ±45° in elevation • Beam Switching Speed: <1 microsecond • SIZE – 2.5 cm (1 in) thick (excl. packaging) • WEIGHT – <1.4 kg (3.1 lb) (excl. packaging) • BROADSIDE GAIN – 19 dBi at 10.15 GHz • POLARIZATION – horizontal • PLUG AND PLAY – no calibration required • SINGLE DC POWER SUPPLY – 12V DC • INTERFACE – serial USB 2.0 • RF IN / RF OUT – SMA coax port to user transceiver • PULSED AND CW COMPATIBLE (ECHODYNE WEB PAGE) PARC* METAMATERIAL CAR ARRAY COPYRIGHT2015. PARC, A XEROX COMPANY HTTP://BLOGS.PARC.COM/2015/10/SELF-DRIVING-CARS- NEED-BETTER-DIGITAL-EYES-TO-DETECT-PEDESTRIANS/ *A XEROX COMPANY, NOW METAWAVE RAYTHEON EMPLOYEE BEATS EINSTEIN EINSTEIN DR.ELI 88 DR. ELI AND SARAH PALIN ON DANCING WITH THE STARS Photo Copyright 2007 by Eli Brookner WITH THE ENCOURAGEMENT O CROWD SOME FOX TROT BY DRS. ANNA AND ELI. DR. ELI APPEARS 3 TIMES ON CHRONICLE TV DANCING (From: Dr. R. Shahidain, Mil. Antennas 2009) • 250-505 MHZ; G=5-8.2 DB, VSWR <3 • ~2500 LAYERS; 3.3” THICK (/20 INSTEAD OF /4) • ANISOTROPIC MAGNETIC DIELECTRIC METAMATERIAL ANTENNA • POTENTIAL USES: NGJ* VHF ANTENNA; REPLACE TALL VISIBLE WHIP ANTENNA ON ARMY VEHICLES; VHF A/C FOPEN ANTENNAS • ARMY RESEARCH LAB (ARL); CONTRACTED METAMATERIALS INC.