A New Calamite from Colorado
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Subclase Equisetidae ¿Tienes Alguna Duda, Sugerencia O Corrección Acerca De Este Taxón? Envíanosla Y Con Gusto La Atenderemos
subclase Equisetidae ¿Tienes alguna duda, sugerencia o corrección acerca de este taxón? Envíanosla y con gusto la atenderemos. Ver todas las fotos etiquetadas con Equisetidae en Banco de Imagénes » Descripción de WIKIPEDIAES Ver en Wikipedia (español) → Ver Pteridophyta para una introducción a las plantas Equisetos vasculares sin semilla Rango temporal: Devónico-Holoceno PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Los equisetos , llamados Equisetidae en la moderna clasificación de Christenhusz et al. 2011,[1] [2] [3] o también Equisetopsida o Equisetophyta, y en paleobotánica es más común Sphenopsida, son plantas vasculares afines a los helechos que aparecieron en el Devónico, pero que actualmente sobrevive únicamente el género Equisetum, si bien hay representantes de órdenes extintos que se verán en este artículo. Este grupo es monofilético, aun con sus representantes extintos, debido a su morfología distintiva. Son plantas pequeñas, aunque en el pasado una variedad de calamitácea alcanzó los 15 metros durante el pérmico.[4] Índice 1 Filogenia 1.1 Ecología y evolución 2 Taxonomía 2.1 Sinonimia Variedades de Equisetum 2.2 Sistema de Christenhusz et al. 2011 Taxonomía 2.3 Clasificación sensu Smith et al. 2006 2.4 Otras clasificaciones Reino: Plantae 3 Caracteres Viridiplantae 4 Véase también Streptophyta 5 Referencias Streptophytina 6 Bibliografía Embryophyta (sin rango) 7 Enlaces externos Tracheophyta Euphyllophyta Monilophyta Filogenia[editar] Equisetopsida o Sphenopsida Introducción teórica en Filogenia Clase: C.Agardh 1825 / Engler 1924 Equisetidae Los análisis moleculares y genéticos de filogenia solo Subclase: se pueden hacer sobre representantes vivientes, Warm. 1883 como circunscripto según Smith et al. (2006) (ver la Órdenes ficha), al menos Equisetales es monofilético (Pryer et Equisetales (DC. -
Retallack 2021 Coal Balls
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 564 (2021) 110185 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Modern analogs reveal the origin of Carboniferous coal balls Gregory Retallack * Department of Earth Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1272, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Coal balls are calcareous peats with cellular permineralization invaluable for understanding the anatomy of Coal ball Pennsylvanian and Permian fossil plants. Two distinct kinds of coal balls are here recognized in both Holocene Histosol and Pennsylvanian calcareous Histosols. Respirogenic calcite coal balls have arrays of calcite δ18O and δ13C like Carbon isotopes those of desert soil calcic horizons reflecting isotopic composition of CO2 gas from an aerobic microbiome. Permineralization Methanogenic calcite coal balls in contrast have invariant δ18O for a range of δ13C, and formed with anaerobic microbiomes in soil solutions with bicarbonate formed by methane oxidation and sugar fermentation. Respiro genic coal balls are described from Holocene peats in Eight Mile Creek South Australia, and noted from Carboniferous coals near Penistone, Yorkshire. Methanogenic coal balls are described from Carboniferous coals at Berryville (Illinois) and Steubenville (Ohio), Paleocene lignites of Sutton (Alaska), Eocene lignites of Axel Heiberg Island (Nunavut), Pleistocene peats of Konya (Turkey), and Holocene peats of Gramigne di Bando (Italy). Soils and paleosols with coal balls are neither common nor extinct, but were formed by two distinct soil microbiomes. 1. Introduction and Royer, 2019). Although best known from Euramerican coal mea sures of Pennsylvanian age (Greb et al., 1999; Raymond et al., 2012, Coal balls were best defined by Seward (1895, p. -
Pteridofitas Y Gimnospermas”
UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA MANUAL DE PRÁCTICAS DE LABORATORIO “Helechos y Gimnospermas” CICLO 2019 “PTERIDOFITAS Y GIMNOSPERMAS” Pinus ayacahuite var. brachyptera Shaw. PROFESORES DEL CURSO 2019: Biol. Leticia Díaz López Dra. Gabriela Domínguez Vázquez Biol. Rosa Isabel Fuentes Chávez Biol. Federico Hernández Valencia Dr. Juan Carlos Montero Castro Dr. Juan Manuel Ortega Rodríguez Polypodium madrense Mickel Biól. Norma Patricia Reyes Martínez M.C. Patricia Silva Sáenz PRESENTACIÓN. En el plan de estudios de la carrera de biología de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, la materia de Botánica II (pteridofitas y gimnospermas), contempla dentro de sus contenidos el estudio tanto de la morfología, ciclos de vida, las relaciones evolutivas como la taxonomía de estos grupos de vegetales, que representan una gran importancia evolutiva pues corresponden tanto a las primeras plantas vasculares como a las primeras plantas productoras de semillas, por lo que el presente manual constituye una herramienta didáctica útil para el estudiante. En el presente manual se incluyen los aspectos antes mencionados, por lo que las diferentes prácticas intentan que el alumno relacione la morfología con la evolución que han tenido estos grupos de vegetales. Las prácticas incluidas, con excepción de la denominada “Evolución de las plantas vasculares” y la titulada “Herbario”, fueron implementadas originalmente como parte de la materia de Botánica III del plan de estudios de 1976 por el Prof. Biol. José L. Magaña Mendoza; y a partir del semestre marzo – agosto de 1998 y a iniciativa de los profesores Biol. Martha Santoyo Román y M.C. María del Rosario Ortega Murillo se formalizaron y estructuraron en el presente manual, aumentando una primera práctica de evolución de las plantas vasculares y una última práctica de Herbario. -
The Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site: a Review of Recent Research
The Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage site: a review of recent research Melissa Grey¹,²* and Zoe V. Finkel² 1. Joggins Fossil Institute, 100 Main St. Joggins, Nova Scotia B0L 1A0, Canada 2. Environmental Science Program, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G7, Canada *Corresponding author: <[email protected]> Date received: 28 July 2010 ¶ Date accepted 25 May 2011 ABSTRACT The Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site is a Carboniferous coastal section along the shores of the Cumberland Basin, an extension of Chignecto Bay, itself an arm of the Bay of Fundy, with excellent preservation of biota preserved in their environmental context. The Cliffs provide insight into the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) world, the most important interval in Earth’s past for the formation of coal. The site has had a long history of scientific research and, while there have been well over 100 publications in over 150 years of research at the Cliffs, discoveries continue and critical questions remain. Recent research (post-1950) falls under one of three categories: general geol- ogy; paleobiology; and paleoenvironmental reconstruction, and provides a context for future work at the site. While recent research has made large strides in our understanding of the Late Carboniferous, many questions remain to be studied and resolved, and interest in addressing these issues is clearly not waning. Within the World Heritage Site, we suggest that the uppermost formations (Springhill Mines and Ragged Reef), paleosols, floral and trace fossil tax- onomy, and microevolutionary patterns are among the most promising areas for future study. RÉSUMÉ Le site du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO des falaises fossilifères de Joggins est situé sur une partie du littoral qui date du Carbonifère, sur les rives du bassin de Cumberland, qui est une prolongation de la baie de Chignecto, elle-même un bras de la baie de Fundy. -
The Joggins Cliffs of Nova Scotia: B2 the Joggins Cliffs of Nova Scotia: Lyell & Co's "Coal Age Galapagos" J.H
GAC-MAC-CSPG-CSSS Pre-conference Field Trips A1 Contamination in the South Mountain Batholith and Port Mouton Pluton, southern Nova Scotia HALIFAX Building Bridges—across science, through time, around2005 the world D. Barrie Clarke and Saskia Erdmann A2 Salt tectonics and sedimentation in western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia Ian Davison and Chris Jauer A3 Glaciation and landscapes of the Halifax region, Nova Scotia Ralph Stea and John Gosse A4 Structural geology and vein arrays of lode gold deposits, Meguma terrane, Nova Scotia Rick Horne A5 Facies heterogeneity in lacustrine basins: the transtensional Moncton Basin (Mississippian) and extensional Fundy Basin (Triassic-Jurassic), New Brunswick and Nova Scotia David Keighley and David E. Brown A6 Geological setting of intrusion-related gold mineralization in southwestern New Brunswick Kathleen Thorne, Malcolm McLeod, Les Fyffe, and David Lentz A7 The Triassic-Jurassic faunal and floral transition in the Fundy Basin, Nova Scotia Paul Olsen, Jessica Whiteside, and Tim Fedak Post-conference Field Trips B1 Accretion of peri-Gondwanan terranes, northern mainland Nova Scotia Field Trip B2 and southern New Brunswick Sandra Barr, Susan Johnson, Brendan Murphy, Georgia Pe-Piper, David Piper, and Chris White The Joggins Cliffs of Nova Scotia: B2 The Joggins Cliffs of Nova Scotia: Lyell & Co's "Coal Age Galapagos" J.H. Calder, M.R. Gibling, and M.C. Rygel Lyell & Co's "Coal Age Galapagos” B3 Geology and volcanology of the Jurassic North Mountain Basalt, southern Nova Scotia Dan Kontak, Jarda Dostal, -
Plant Evolution
Conquering the land The rise of plants Ordovician Spores Algae (algal mats) Green freshwater algae Bacteria Fungae Bryophytes Moses? Liverworts? Little body fossil evidence Silurian Wenlock Stage 423-428mya Psilophytes Rhyniopsidsa important later in early Devonian Cooksonia Rhynia Branching stems, flattened sporangia at tips No leaves, no roots short 30 cms rhizoids Zosterophylls Early stem group of Lycopodiophytes Ancestors of Class Lycopsida (clubmosses) Prevalent in Devonian Spores at tips and on branches Lycopsids (?) Baragwanathia with microphylls in Australia Zosterophylls Silurian Cooksonia Development of Soil Fungae Bacteria Algae Organic matter Arthropods and annelids Change in erosion Change in CO2 Devonian Devonian Early Devonian simple structure Rhynie Chert (Rhyniophytes) Trimerophytes First with main shoot Give rise to Ferns and Progymnosperms Up to 3m tall Animal life (mainly arthropods) Late Devonian Forests First true wood (lignin) Forest structure develops (stories) Sphenopsids (Calamites) Lycopsids (Lepidodendron) Seed Ferns (Pteridosperm) Progymnosperm Archaeopteris Cladoxylopsid First vertebrates present Upper Devonian Lycopsida 374-360 mya Leaves and roots differentiated Most ancient with living relatives Megaphylls branching in on plane Photosynthetic webbing Shrub size vertical growth limited (weak) Lateral (secondary) growth (woody) Development of roots Homosporous Heterosporous Upper Devonian Calamites (Sphenopsid) Horestail Sphenophyta (Calamites-Annularia) Devonian Archaeopteris Ur. Devonian - Lr. Carboniferous -
The Marattiales and Vegetative Features of the Polypodiids We Now
VI. Ferns I: The Marattiales and Vegetative Features of the Polypodiids We now take up the ferns, order Marattiales - a group of large tropical ferns with primitive features - and subclass Polypodiidae, the leptosporangiate ferns. (See the PPG phylogeny on page 48a: Susan, Dave, and Michael, are authors.) Members of these two groups are spore-dispersed vascular plants with siphonosteles and megaphylls. A. Marattiales, an Order of Eusporangiate Ferns The Marattiales have a well-documented history. They first appear as tree ferns in the coal swamps right in there with Lepidodendron and Calamites. (They will feature in your second critical reading and writing assignment in this capacity!) The living species are prominent in some hot forests, both in tropical America and tropical Asia. They are very like the leptosporangiate ferns (Polypodiids), but they differ in having the common, primitive, thick-walled sporangium, the eusporangium, and in having a distinctive stele and root structure. 1. Living Plants Go with your TA to the greenhouse to view the potted Angiopteris. The largest of the Marattiales, mature Angiopteris plants bear fronds up to 30 feet in length! a.These plants, like all ferns, have megaphylls. These megaphylls are divided into leaflets called pinnae, which are often divided even further. The feather-like design of these leaves is common among the ferns, suggesting that ferns have some sort of narrow definition to the kinds of leaf design they can evolve. b. The leaflets are borne on stem-like axes called rachises, which, as you can see, have swollen bases on some of the plants in the lab. -
Geochemistry, Petrology, and Palynology of the Princess No. 3 Coal, Greenup County, Kentucky
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty Publications Center for Applied Energy Research 12-2020 Geochemistry, Petrology, and Palynology of the Princess No. 3 Coal, Greenup County, Kentucky Madison M. Hood University of Kentucky, [email protected] Cortland F. Eble University of Kentucky, [email protected] James C. Hower University of Kentucky, [email protected] Shifeng Dai China University of Mining and Technology, China Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/caer_facpub Part of the Geology Commons, and the Mining Engineering Commons Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Repository Citation Hood, Madison M.; Eble, Cortland F.; Hower, James C.; and Dai, Shifeng, "Geochemistry, Petrology, and Palynology of the Princess No. 3 Coal, Greenup County, Kentucky" (2020). Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty Publications. 34. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/caer_facpub/34 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Applied Energy Research at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Center for Applied Energy Research Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Geochemistry, Petrology, and Palynology of the Princess No. 3 Coal, Greenup County, Kentucky Digital Object Identifier (DOI) https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00298-0 Notes/Citation Information Published in International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, v. 7, issue 4. © The Author(s) 2020 This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. -
Kentucky Landscapes Through Geologic Time Series XII, 2011 Daniel I
Kentucky Geological Survey James C. Cobb, State Geologist and Director MAP AND CHART 200 UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON Kentucky Landscapes Through Geologic Time Series XII, 2011 Daniel I. Carey Introduction The Ordovician Period Since Kentucky was covered by shallow The MississippianEarly Carboniferous Period 356 Ma Many types of sharks lived in Kentucky during the Mississippian; some had teeth for crinoid We now unders tand that the earth’s crust is broken up into a number of tropical seas du ring most of the Ordovician capturing swimming animals and others had teeth especially adapted for crushing and During most of the Ordovician, Kentucky was covered by shallow, tropical seas Period (Figs. 6–7), the fossils found in Sea Floor eating shellfish such as brachiopods, clams, crinoids, and cephalopods (Fig. 23). plates, some of continental size, and that these plates have been moving— (Fig. 4). Limestones, dolomites, and shales were formed at this time. The oldest rocks Kentucky's Ordovician rocks are marine (sea- Spreading Ridge Siberia centimeters a year—throughout geologic history, driven by the internal heat exposed at the surface in Kentucky are the hard limestones of the Camp Nelson dwelling) invertebrates. Common Ordovician bryozoan crinoid, Culmicrinus horn PANTHALASSIC OCEAN Ural Mts. Kazakstania of the earth. This movement creates our mountain chains, earthquakes, Limestone (Middle Ordovician age) (Fig. 5), found along the Kentucky River gorge in fossils found in Kentucky include sponges (of North China crinoid, corals crinoid, central Kentucky between Boonesboro and Frankfort. Older rocks are present in the Rhopocrinus geologic faults, and volcanoes. The theory of plate tectonics (from the Greek, the phylum Porifera), corals (phylum Cnidaria), cephalopod, PALEO- South China Rhopocrinus subsurface, but can be seen only in drill cuttings and cores acquired from oil and gas North America tektonikos: pertaining to building) attemp ts to describe the process and helps bryozoans, brachiopods (Fig. -
Early Terrestrial Animals, Evolution, and Uncertainty
Evo Edu Outreach (2011) 4:489–501 DOI 10.1007/s12052-011-0357-y ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Early Terrestrial Animals, Evolution, and Uncertainty Russell J. Garwood & Gregory D. Edgecombe Published online: 24 August 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract Early terrestrial ecosystems record a fascinating accurate, the associated online comments section provided transition in the history of life. Animals and plants had unfortunate contrast. The first entry was a typically trivial and previously lived only in the oceans, but, starting approxi- superficial anti-evolutionist’s jibe regarding these arachnids: mately 470 million years ago, began to colonize the “they look just like spiders do today. 300 million years and no previously barren continents. This paper provides an change. […] Kind of hard on the old evolution theory isn’tit?” introduction to this period in life’s history, first presenting When the comment’s author was asked to expand on his background information, before focusing on one animal beliefs, the response was an entirely predictable: “Why do I group, the arthropods. It gives examples of the organisms have to come up with an alternative for your useless theory?” living in early terrestrial communities and then outlines a This altercation encapsulates perfectly a common crea- suite of adaptations necessary for survival in harsh tionist mindset, one based on cursory (and often incorrect) terrestrial environments. Emphasis is placed on the role of observations coupled with complete ignorance (or at best uncertainty in science; this is an integral part of the patchy understanding) of the scientific context framing an scientific process, yet is often seized upon by god-of-the- argument. -
Alethopteris and Neuralethopteris from the Lower Westphalian
Document generated on 10/01/2021 8:14 p.m. Atlantic Geology Journal of the Atlantic Geoscience Society Revue de la Société Géoscientifique de l'Atlantique Alethopteris and Neuralethopteris from the lower Westphalian (Middle Pennsylvanian) of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Maritime Provinces, Canada Carmen Álvarez-Vázquez Volume 56, 2020 Article abstract A systematic revision of Alethopteris and Neuralethopteris from upper URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1069888ar Namurian and lower Westphalian (Middle Pennsylvanian) strata of Nova DOI: https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2020.005 Scotia and New Brunswick, eastern Canada, has demonstrated the presence of eight species: Alethopteris bertrandii, Alethopteris decurrens, Alethopteris cf. See table of contents havlenae, Alethopteris urophylla, Alethopteris cf. valida, Neuralethopteris pocahontas, Neuralethopteris schlehanii and Neuralethopteris smithsii. Restudy of the Canadian material has led to new illustrations, observations and Publisher(s) refined descriptions of these species. Detailed synonymies focus on records from Canada and the United States. As with other groups reviewed in earlier Atlantic Geoscience Society articles in this series, it is clear that insufficient attention has been paid to material reposited in Canadian institutions in the European literature. The ISSN present study emphasizes the similarity of the North American flora with that of western Europe, especially through the synonymies. 0843-5561 (print) 1718-7885 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Álvarez-Vázquez, C. (2020). Alethopteris and Neuralethopteris from the lower Westphalian (Middle Pennsylvanian) of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Maritime Provinces, Canada. Atlantic Geology, 56, 111–145. https://doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2020.005 All Rights Reserved ©, 2020 Atlantic Geology This document is protected by copyright law. -
Fossils, Vascular Cryptogams
PLANT FOSSILS, VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS LEPIDODENDRON & RELATIVES 1.a. Examine the surface of a Lepidodendron stem. Describe the appearance and pattern of leaf scars and leaf bases. 1.b. Now look at a coal ball peel cross section of a Lepidodendron stem. Do you see evidence of a vascular cambium? How old was your stem? 1.c. Find Stigmaria (the organ-genus for Lepidodendron roots). Sketch a root with rootlet scars. The fossil on demonstration shows the boundary of the stele (the endodermis). How does this fossil suggest that the function of the Lepidodendron root was storage? 1.d. Compare the large root section with the coal ball peels of rootlets. 1.e. Find fossils (impressions and coal ball peels) of Lepidodendron (Lepidophylloides) leaves. Sketch the leaf and its leaf base in the space below. Assume the scale that 1cm = 10cm for you drawing. 1.f. Now look at the lycopod strobilus fossils. Sketch one into the space below. Label: sporophyll, microsporangium, megasporangium, and cone axis. CALAMITES & RELATIVES 2.a. Describe a Calamites stem from fossils on demonstration. How does this structure resemble the stems of Equisetum? 2.b. Now investigate coal ball peel sections of Calamite stems (Arthropitys). In what ways do the stem still resemble those of Equisetum? In what important way do the Calamite stems differ from those of Equisetum? 2.c. Astromyelon is the organ-genus for Calamite roots. How do they differ from the Calamite stems? 2.d. Annularia is the organ-genus associated with the leafy branches of Calamites. How do they resemble the leaves of Equsetum and Sphenophyllum? FERNS 3.a.