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Los Paisajes Culturales Como Transferencia Del Conocimiento

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Los Paisajes Culturales Como Transferencia Del Conocimiento UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE GEOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA TESIS DOCTORAL Los paisajes culturales como transferencia del conocimiento. Una solución para los retos actuales de la arqueología MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Guillermo-Sven Reher Díez Directoras María Cruz Cardete del Olmo Inés Sastre Prats Madrid 2019 © Guillermo-Sven Reher Díez, 2018 Los paisajes culturales como transferencia del conocimiento. Una solución para los retos actuales de la arqueología Tesis doctoral de Guillermo-Sven Reher Díez Directoras: María Cruz Cardete del Olmo (UCM) Inés Sastre Prats (CSIC) Doctorado de Estudios en el Mundo Antiguo (DEMA) Faculta de Geografía e Historia El objetivo fundamental de esta tesis es analizar el papel social de la arqueología a través de un estudio de transferencia del conocimiento para definir qué enfoques y mecanismos resultan más eficaces y socialmente valiosos para ello. Tras una revisión de las distintas formas en las que se produce el vínculo entre arqueología y sociedad, se parte de un enfoque de investigación-acción que priorice la generación de recursos para el desarrollo social y el avance contra las desigualdades. The endless cycle of idea and action, Endless invention, endless experiment, Brings knowledge of motion, but not of stillness; Knowledge of speech, but not of silence; … Where is the Life we have lost in living? Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information? … The Rock, 1934 (T. S. Eliot; 1888-1965) All have their worth…and each contributes to the worth of the others. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Silmarillion 2 A Lorena. Por las esperanzas que tan largo hemos fiado. Porque finalmente hemos llegado. Y siempre estuviste a mi lado. 3 Agradecimientos Esta tesis existe porque un día, allá por 2002, Javier Sánchez-Palencia y Domingo Plácido me entrevistaron en el porche de la casa de Fina en Las Médulas para conocer porqué quería optar a una beca FPI con ellos. Yo ya llevaba unos años en el mundo de la investigación, de la mano de mi padre, que acogió así a un hijo que estaba haciendo la carrera sin pena ni gloria, y le dio trabajo. Por tanto, ya hacía tiempo que era consciente de lo que quería en la vida. Con mi padre empecé en diciembre de 1997, hace exactamente 20 años, picando datos de padrones, censos y listas de quintos. Con esos proyectos, financiados por la Comunidad de Madrid, fui creciendo como investigador. Aprendí nuevas técnicas y, de la mano de Alberto Sanz, el uso y diseño de bases de datos en Access. Con el tiempo acabé siendo una parte importante, una especie de maestro de las llaves de un banco de datos enorme. Me iba bien, pero también tenía cada vez más claro que ese no era mi futuro. Yo quería dedicarme a la investigación en historia, una carrera que iba terminando en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Así se lo decía a mi padre, a Alberto, a Fernando González Quiñones y a quien me escuchase. “En cuanto me surja una oportunidad me marcho”. Al terminar la licenciatura busqué un programa de doctorado en historia antigua que me interesase. Así llegué a “Poder y sociedad en el mundo antiguo” en 2001, con altas esperanzas por el relumbrón de sus profesores. En efecto, los cursos de doctorado los hice, aprovechando unos más que otros. Recuerdo especialmente a Estela García Fernández, con quien he tenido el placer de trabajar muy posteriormente, y un trabajo sobre la sociedad de la antigua Toulouse que me causó más de una noche en vela. También recuerdo el curso de Julio Mangas, de nuevo otra persona con la que he podido coincidir multitud de veces después. Con él disfruté de unas clases que eran un permanente comentario epigráfico. La epigrafía me gustaba; ya en la licenciatura de la mano de Javier del Hoyo y Alicia Canto me había convertido en un afanado especialista. Así conocí el Archivo Epigráfico de Hispania y la gente allí, que tan importante sería durante mi investigación doctoral. En él, José Luis Gamallo y Charo Hernando, durante un tiempo me hicieron uno de los suyos. 4 Otra de mis aficiones, eran las vías romanas. Desde pequeño me habían fascinado y, cuando oí la llamada de Gonzalo Arias de buscar un nuevo equipo editorial para continuar El Miliario Extravagante, me vi embarcado en un nuevo proyecto con Carlos Caballero y Santiago Palomero. Yo, como socio junior, empecé a editar El Nuevo Miliario, estableciendo así un nombre propio asociado al colectivo de viatores, un grupo friki que me ha dado delicias y quebraderos de cabeza a partes iguales. Pero el curso de doctorado más importante fue, sin duda, el impartido por el grupo del CSIC. De repente se hablaba de mapas, de arqueología, de teoría social, de todo tipo de cosas que mi preparación en historia antigua no me había provisto. Por tanto, cuando en su segundo día de clase anunciaron que tenían 2 becas FPI con sus proyectos, me apunté sin dudarlo. Y de ahí la entrevista en, como no podía ser de otra manera, Las Médulas de la que he hablado primero. El grupo de investigación EST-AP se convirtió en mi casa, aunque no sin problemas en un principio. Al contrario de lo que estaba acostumbrado en la UCM, en el CSIC no se estaba encima de los becarios, ni se trabajaba en un esfuerzo combinado claro y definido. Esto me costó mucho sufrimiento, y algunos rapapolvos merecidos. Pero yo soy fiel, y un buen mandado, y como tal me empecé a hacer útil en las labores de un grupo que estaba en plena efervescencia de proyectos, tesis e iniciativas. Al frente de todo, como punta de lanza, Javier. Javier Sánchez-Palencia es una persona que no pasa desapercibida. A mí me costó tiempo llegar a apreciarlo, pero ahora reconozco la enorme influencia que su filosofía ha tenido sobre esta investigación, y sobre mi persona. Javier es, ante todo, una persona honesta y dedicada a la que le han dado muchos palos, y que no tiene interés en ser un hipócrita. En el proyecto PIF Bierzo RVN me convertí en su gestor de proyectos. Esto me dio la oportunidad de trabajar con él codo con codo, e incluso acompañarle en muchas de sus actividades. Entonces empecé a comprender lo que era la arqueología de verdad, y lo que era ser Javier. Poca gente me ha enseñado más sobre cómo hay que tratar a la gente con dignidad, y así esperarla de los demás. De él, y de la filosofía que sin duda inspiró en el grupo de investigación, de lealtad institucional, de responsabilidad, de estrategia, de trabajo en equipo, de transversalidad. Estos son enseñanzas que no olvidaré nunca. 5 Almudena Orejas seguramente sea la persona que primero me metió, con calzador, en las actividades del equipo. Aún me acuerdo como me propuso organizar y copiar los ficheros de los atlas publicados gracias a los proyectos europeos. Así, de repente, empecé a sentirme como parte de un grupo. De la otra manera hubiera seguido en mis investigaciones, sin rumbo ni meta, hasta acabarse la beca. Y entonces muy buenas. Almudena me salvó de todo eso. En este momento estaba dirigiendo la Acción COST A27, y empezó a reclutarme para echarle una mano con ello. De esta manera me metí en la internacionalización de la investigación del EST-AP. Desde entonces hemos realizado y organizado multitud de cosas, siempre de una manera eficiente y coordinada. Qué duda cabe que Almudena encarna esa filosofía de Javier, con el matiz añadido de su enfoque más decididamente europeísta. No tiene Almudena ese gesto, o esa reacción, que hace que la gente le tenga un cierto temor, como con Javier. Sin embargo, rápidamente te das cuenta de que sigue siendo igual de contundente, justa y decidida. Menos filo, pero igual de mazo. Inés Sastre a menudo fue más asequible tanto para mí como para los otros pingüinos. De ella hablaré especialmente más abajo. María Ruiz del Árbol, cuando no en el exilio berciano, también fue siempre paciente con los jóvenes. Siempre, también hoy, ha pensado en nosotros y se ha esforzado por darnos cabida en diversos proyectos. Evidentemente, también Domingo Plácido, mi primer tutor, y una persona de la que he aprendido a ser crítico, educado y erudito, aun con gente que no está a su altura. Finalmente, todavía guardo en el recuerdo el correo que mandé al grupo tras el fallecimiento de Mª Dolores Fernández-Posse. En aquel correo deseaba que Pachula hubiese seguido estando para ayudarme con mi investigación, y todavía hoy lo deseo. Fue un evento muy traumático para el grupo, y sobre todo para Javier como es natural. El tiempo ha hecho que quede en la distancia, pero no por ello quería dejar de recuperarla aquí porque así lo siento. Tampoco puedo disociar ni esta investigación ni mi existencia en el grupo EST-AP sin hablar del resto de pingüinos. En primer lugar está Pecha. Juan Luis Pecharromán entró poco después de mí, y siempre fue un apoyo enorme. Teníamos la misma edad, gustos parecidos, y una situación en el grupo también pareja, por lo que el apoyo entre nosotros fue clave. Con el tiempo Pecha consiguió consolidarse y formar parte del 6 LabTel, pero siempre fue y es un apoyo fundamental para el grupo, y para mí personalmente. Durante muchos años también compartí despacho con Esteban Moreno, al que desde su jubilación ya no veo, pero que también guardo especial cariño por este hombre bonachón que siempre era amable conmigo. De manera más fugaz, pero también dejando poso, compañeros como Noelia Calzada (de chanclas por el campo zamorano), Laura Paz, Ana Delia (con quien trabajé codo con codo durante bastante tiempo), Antonio Juanes, y José Antonio García Solano (“el Ermitaño”).
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