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Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida: Scorpiones): Annotated Checklist, DELTA Database and Identification Key

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Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida: Scorpiones): Annotated Checklist, DELTA Database and Identification Key J. Ins. Biodivers. Syst. 06(4): 375–474 ISSN: 2423-8112 JOURNAL OF INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATICS Monograph http://jibs.modares.ac.ir http://zoobank.org/References/A8B455B5-1B39-45CC-B6D4-C776FF56AC97 Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida: Scorpiones): Annotated checklist, DELTA database and identification key Hossein Barahoei1 , Shahrokh Navidpour2 , Mansour Aliabadian1,3 , Roohollah Siahsarvie1,4 & Omid Mirshamsi1,3* 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. [email protected] 2 Razi Reference Laboratory of Scorpion Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. [email protected] 3 Research Department of Zoological Innovations (RDZI), Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. [email protected]; [email protected] 4 Rodentology Research Department (RRD), Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. [email protected] ABSTRACT. An updated checklist of the scorpiofauna of Iran is presented. The checklist is based on records of scorpion species which their presence have been confirmed in Iran through field expeditions, examination of scorpion collections, literature review, and personal communications with researchers. According to the presented checklist the scorpion fauna of Iran consists of 68 valid species (41 endemic to Iran) belonging to 19 genera and four families and 6 doubtful reports (belong family Buthidae). Hemiscorpius gaillardi (Vachon, 1974) and Compsobuthus jakesi Kovařík, 2003 reported for the first time from Hormozgan province. Odontobuthus tavighiae Navidpour et al., 2013 collected for the first time from Fars province. Kraepelinia palpator (Birula, Received: 1903) and O. tirgari Mirshamsi et al., 2013 were new records for South Khorasan 21 June, 2020 province fauna. The list is dominated by members of the family Buthidae (58 Accepted: species) with 85.3% of total species. The level of regional endemism exceeds 28 July, 2020 60.3%. A dichotomic identification key to the Iranian species on the basis of a DELTA database has been provided. Published: 19 August, 2020 Subject Editor: Key words: Scorpiones, identification key, valid species, doubtful report, Graeme Lowe fauna, taxonomy, Iran Citation: Barahoei, H., Navidpour, Sh., Aliabadian, M., Siahsarvie, R. & Mirshamsi, O. (2020) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida: Scorpiones): Annotated checklist, DELTA database and identification key. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 6 (4), 375–474. Introduction According to the published works the evolutionary history of scorpions goes back to 430 million years ago (Silurian), they can now be found on all continents except Antarctica (Dunlop, 2010). A total of 2540 species in 21 families have been described, worldwide (https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files). Although the taxonomic studies of scorpions in Iran have been initiated in the early nineteenth century, this taxon has not yet been studied comprehensively in Iran. Therefore, estimating the exact number of species is still Corresponding author: Omid Mirshamsi, E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2020, Barahoei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 376 Scorpions of Iran impossible, given the fact that the taxonomic validity or identification of some recorded species is questionable and should be considered as provisional. Moreover, Iran′s political boundaries include the main part of the Iranian plateau, and it is located in the transition zone of three important zoogeographic regions: Afrotropical, Oriental and western Palearctic regions (Berberian & King, 1981; Zehzad et al., 2002). The geological history, topographic and climatic characteristics of the Iranian plateau have led to the formation of a variety of habitats that accommodate a rich biota. The studies on the scorpions of desert and semi-desert regions of Iran revealed very high species diversity and a significant degree of endemism (Mirshamsi et al., 2011b). The latest published checklists on the scorpions of Iran indicate that there are at least 68 valid species are belonging to four families, which is dominated by the members of family Buthidae (Farzanpay, 1990; Kovařík, 1997a; Mirshamsi et al., 2011b; Karataş & Moradi-Gharkheloo, 2013; Mirshamsi et al., 2013; Navidpour et al., 2013, 2019; Mir et al., 2014; Teruel et al., 2014; Yağmur et al., 2016; Kovařík et al., 2017, 2018, 2019a, 2019b; Fet et al., 2018; Cokendolpher et al., 2019; Kovařík & Navidpour, 2020). There are several publications and checklists are dealing with the scorpions of Iran, these data have never been completely summarized. In the present paper, we provide an updated list for Iranian scorpions. Moreover, taxonomic notes about species and an identification key to the scorpions of Iran based on a DELTA database are presented. Material and methods DELTA database DELTA database was compiled using the data obtained from published works and the examination of different species. DELTA program accessed via http://delta-intkey.com. In order to provide the DELTA database, all valid scorpion species were included. In the final database 90 diagnostic characters were included. Identification key was generated with the help of the DELTA program. Checklist format All published works on the scorpions from Iran were studied and their data including the geographic localities were extracted. Data of some collected material during 2016–2018 were added. Species marked with an asterisk are endemic species. In the case of each species the species name and its authorship, type locality and repository, records in Iran and geographic distribution outside Iran (Fig. 1) were presented. When necessary, comments on species distribution, species status or possible misidentifications were presented. The distribution maps for each species were created using DIVA-GIS 7.5 (Hijmans et al., 2001) using layers depicting political boundaries. Abbreviations of specimen repositories: AMNH: American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. AZMM: Alaşehir Zoological Museum, Manisa, Turkey. BMNH: British Museum of Natural History, London, United Kingdom. FKCP: František Kovařík Collection, Praha, Czech Republic. MCSN: Museo Civico de Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, Genova, Italy. MHNG: Museum d′Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland. Barahoei et al. 377 MNHN: Muséum National d´Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. MZUF: Museo Zoologico La Specola, Sezione del Museo di Storia Naturale, University of Florence, Italy. NHMW: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria. RRLS: Razi Reference Laboratory of Scorpion Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Sepah St., Hejrat Sq., Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran. USNM: United States National Museum, Washington, DC, USA. UZMH: Zoological Museum, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland. ZISP: Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. ZMFUM: Zoological Museum, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. ZMHB: Zoological Museum, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. ZMUH: Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Germany. ZDNU: Zoology Department of Niğde University, Niğde, Turkey. Figure 1. Map of provinces of Iran. Results Totally, 68 valid species listed here alphabetically. I. Family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837 Genus Androctonus Hemprich et Ehrenberg, 1828 378 Scorpions of Iran Androctonus baluchicus (Pocock, 1900) Type locality and repository: Northern Baluchistan (now Pakistan); BMNH. Material examined: Sistan and Baluchistan Province, 1♀: Zabol, Herati village, 3057′ N, 6129′ E, 1580 m a.s.l., 03.IX.2018, E. Mirshekar leg.; 1♀: Niatak Jungle, 3107′ N, 6137′ E, 1582 m a.s.l., 20.IV.2016, Z. Mir leg.; 1♂: Zahedan, Ghargharouk village, 29°57′ N, 60°53′ E, 719 m a.s.l., 02.IV.2016, N. Herati leg. (Fig. 2); ZMFUM. Distribution in Iran: Sistan and Baluchistan province (Habibi, 1971:42; Yağmur et al., 2016:1) (Fig. 5). Distribution outside Iran: Afghanistan, Pakistan (Fet & Lowe, 2000:67; Lourenço, 2005). Comments: One immature sample from Kashan (Esfahan) was recorded as Androctonus amoreuxi baluchicus, by Vachon (1966) this identification doubted by Farzanpay (1990). Other report by Kovařík (1997a:39), was corrected to A. crassicauda by Vignoli et al., (2003:4). Reports of A. amoreuxi by Dehghani et al. (2008:176) from Kerman seem to be misidentifications. Yağmur et al. (2016:1) reported one male sample as A. robustus, which is misidentification. Figure 2. Habitus of male Androctonus baluchicus (Pocock, 1900): A. dorsal view, B. ventral view. Barahoei et al. 379 Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) Type locality and repository: Persia (now Iran), Esfahan province, Kashan; MNHN. Material examined: Hormozgan province, 2♀♀: Bandar Abbas, Chahchakur village, 2716′ N, 5620′ E, 33 m a.s.l., 11.V.2018, Kh. Bornavard leg.; 2♀♀: Sarkhoun village, 2724′ N, 5624′ E, 74 m a.s.l., 12.II. 2018; 1♀: Qeshm, Ghar-e Kharbas, 2654′ N, 5610′ E, -10 m b.s.l., 08.IV.2018; 2♀♀: Bandar-e Moallem, 2640′ N, 5504′ E, -3 m b.s.l., 10.IV.2018, H. Barahoei leg.; Khuzestan province, 1♀: Ahvaz, Ommolgharib village, 3130′ N, 4858′ E, 20 m a.s.l., 24.V.2017, H. Maddahi leg.; 1♂: Ramhormoz, Environmental Station, 3115′ N, 4922′
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