Tri Prostorna Akcenta U Podgorici Three Architectural Landmarks of Podgorica

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Tri Prostorna Akcenta U Podgorici Three Architectural Landmarks of Podgorica AR 2017.1 Ljubljana TRI PROSTORNA AKCENTA U PODGORICI THREE ARCHITECTURAL LANDMARKS OF PODGORICA Ključne reči Key words Podgorica, prostorni akcenti, Sahat kula, Podgorica, landmarks, Clock Tower, spomenik vojvodi Mirku Petroviću, Duke Mirko Petrovic Memorial, most Milenijum. Millennium Bridge. Sažetak Abstract Rad se bavi analizom tri, karakteristična, This work deals with three distinctive prostorna akcenta u urbanom tkivu landmarks in urban core of Podgorica. Podgorice. Radi se o Sahat kuli (1667) They are: Clock Tower (Sahat Kula, koja se nalazi u dijelu grada poznatom 1667), situated in old town of Podgorica kao Stara varoš, spomen obelježju (1886), (Stara Varoš); Memorial (1886) dedicated posvećenom vojvodi Mirku Petroviću u to Duke Mirko Petrović in new part of novom dijelu Podgorice, poznatom kao Podgorica, also known as Mirko's town; and Mirkova varoš i mostu Milenijum (2005) Millennium Bridge (2005) on Moraca. The na rijeci Morači. Razlog percipiranja ove reason for perceiving this issue is the fact problematike jeste činjenica da Podgorica, that Podgorica, in its urban development, u svom urbanom razvoju, nije imala veći didn't have many facilities representing broj građenih, prostornih akcenata koji bi landmarks, which could be significant parts činili značajne elemente urbane slike. Na of greater urban picture. Having in mind UKD 711.16(497.16) osnovu godina njihove izgradnje , jasno je a period of construction of these sites, it COBISS 1.01 da se radi o značajnoj vremenskoj distanci is clear that a significant temporal distance Prejeto 27.3.2017 u nastajanju navedena tri objekta. Ova in building of these objects is to be dealt činjenica predstavlja dodatnu mogućnost with. This fact represents an additional sagledavanja urbanog razvoja Podgorice. possibility of reviewing Podgorica's urban Po svojoj tipologiji i namjeni Sahat kula i development. According to their typology spomenik vojvodi Mirku Petroviću građeni and purpose, both Clock Tower and su sa namjerom da postanu dominatni Memorial are built in order to be dominant prostorni i simbolički znaci. Most landmarks and symbolic signs. Millennium Milenijum, sobzirom na funkciju, takvu Bridge, considering its function, didn't poziciju nije nosio kao primarni cilj. Svojom have such purpose primarily. However, arhitekturom i dinamičkim osobinama, za it gained such reputation and position kratko vrijeme, on se izborio za poziciju with its architecture and dynamic dominantnog prostornog akcenta u features. Clock Tower, before Millennium Podgorici . Sahat kula je, do izgradnje mosta bridge has been built, represented main Milenijum, predstavljala glavni prostorni landmark of Podgorica. Duke Mirko akcent Podgorice. Spomenik vojvodi Petrovic ‘s Memorial couldn't have such Mirku Petroviću nije mogao ostvariti svoju function, in the first place, because of funkciju, prvenstveno, iz razloga njegovog its short existence (1886-1918). Also, its kratkog trajanja (1886-1918). Takođe objective of a landmark has never been dr. Rifat Alihodžić, vanredni profesor njegova pozicija prostornog akcenta nije accomplished partially because of citizens’ Univerzitet Crne Gore, Arhitektonski fakultet, Podgorica zaživjela i zbog različitog stava žitelja prema divided opinions about this memorial, for [email protected] ovom spomeniku, iz političkih razloga. political reasons. 46 Three architectural landmarks of Podgorica AR 2017.1 1. Značaj prostornih akcenata u je utvrđenje zidano materujalom sa 1. The importance of architectural urbanom kontekstu rimske Duklje (Doclea) koja se nalazi landmarks in urban context uzvodno, na ušću Zete u Moraču, što Prostorni akcenti predstavljaju je dokazano analizom fragmenata u Architectural landmarks present karakteristična obelježja u prostoru. zidovima. Prema drugim podacima distinctive points in space. Facilities, Čine ih različiti objekti koji se, , godina 1474 se uzima za pad representing landmarks, can be uspješno, izdvajaju od mnoštva dotadašnjeg naselja Ribnica i ona od created for various purposes, but they drugih u izgrađenoj cjelini. Mogu tada dobija naziv Podgorica [Brajović, are striking out of surrounding. They nastati ciljano kao što su muzej 2007]. Utvrđena varoš je imala can be created to reach that particular Guggenheim u Bilbau (F.Gehry) sve odlike orijentalnog, urbanog, objective, like Guggenheim museum ili opera u Sidneju (I.Udson) ili se karaktera . Na utvrđenimo zidovima in Bilbao (F. Gehry) or Sydney Opera spontano izboriti za takvu poziciju su se nalazila četiri ulaza: Zetski, House (I. Udson), or they can establish kao što je slučaj sa krivim tornjem u Kučki, Malisorski i Osmanagića kroz such reputation spontaneously, like Pzi ili Ajfelovomm kulom u Parizu koju su vodili glavni putevi u grad. Leaning Tower in Pisa, or Eiffel (Gustave Eiffel). Njihovo izdvajanje Ispred ulaza Zetskog puta u utvrđeni Tower in Paris (Gustave Eiffel). Their može biti proizvedeno nizom grad sazidana je Sahat kula oko koje impressiveness can be achieved by a različitih faktora. Vizuelno izdvojeni, se nalazila tržnica koja je, samim tim, sequence of various factors. Visually nameću se posmatraču i zbog poprimila i ulogu mjesta susreta. eye-catching, imposing to a beholder, svojih karakteristika lako se pamte, they are easily recognized and postajući ishodišne tačke i orijentiri. 2.2. Drugi period urbanog razvoja remembered because of their features, Sa tako obezbijeđenom pozicijom, Podgorice počinje nakon nekoliko so they also have a purpose of starting postaju bitni elementi prostornog godina pošto je, 1879 godine, points and markers. Having such identiteta i urbane strukture na koje crnogorska vojska ušla u tadašnju position, they become important parts se ljudi oslanjaju u shvatanju suštine Podgoricu [Ivanović, 1974]. Po of spatial identity and urban structure urbanog prostora [Lynch, 1972]. naređenju Knjaza 1885 godine, na that people lean upon in order to Prostorni akcenti igraju ulogu nosioca desnoj strani rijeke Ribnice u polju comprehend the core of urban space informacije koja potvrđuje "pravo "Livade" sa Urbanističkog plana, na [Lynch, 1972]. Landmarks often mjesto" i cilj kojom se kristalizuje teren, preneseni su glavni elementi have a role of carrying information prostorna situacija [Cullen, 1971]. novog dijela grada nazvanog Mirkova to confirm "right place" and the Veoma često prostorni akcenti, pored Varoš. Centralni dio Mirkove varoši purpose of crystallizing spatial svoje pozicije i vizuelnih osobenosti bio je prostor današnjeg Trga situation [Cullen, 1971]. Very often, nose elemente vezane za istorijske republike. On je prema urbanističkom landmarks, beside their position and događaje. U tom slučaju takvi objekti planu projektovan kao trg koji je visual qualities, have some elements dobijaju i karakter javnog simbola, što ujedno korišten i kao pijaca jer su se of historical events incorporated. dopunjuje njihov značaj [Schulc, 1963]. nalazili "sa istočne strane betonski In that case, such objects are also Prenoseći određenu informaciju stolovi". U samom njegovom središtu characterized as public symbols, in posmatraču , kroz svoja simbolička i se nalazio spomenik vojvodi Mirku addition to their importance [Schulc, direktna značenja, prostorni akcenti Petroviću koji je izgrađen 1886 godine 1963]. Carrying certain information to profilišu arhitektur kao svojevrstan [Ivanović, 1974 ]. Urbanistički plan je the observer, through their symbolic jezik komunikacije [Joedicke, 2009] . izradio inženjer Vorman,na površini and direct meanings, landmarks 60 ha [Mijović, 1964]. Osnovnu profile architecture as a sort of 2. Kratki istorijat urbanog razvoja koncepciju Vormanovog plana communication system, such as Podgorice činio je središnji trg-pijaca površine language [Joedicke, 2009]. Sa aspekta shvatanja prostornog i 1ha, dok je ostali prostor uslovljen društvenog konteksta, koji su uticali unakrsnim rasporedom pet paralelnih 2. Short history of urban na izgradnju pomenuta tri prostorna ulica sjever-jug i sedam u pravcu istok- development of Podgorica akcenta, neophodno je dati uvid u zapad [Ivanović, 1974]. Vezu između From the point of view of spatial and kratki istorijat razvoja urbane matrice Stare i Nove varoši, preko Ribnice, social context, that affected building Podgorice. Ovim prikazom se pravi činila su dva mosta iz osmanskog of three aforementioned landmarks, jasniji uvid uzročno-posledičnih veza perioda (jedan na ušću Ribnice u it is necessary to give a short review koji su produkovali objekte, predmete Moraču i drugi Tabački). Za vrijeme of development of urban matrix ovog rada. Kneginje Milene podignut je novi of Podgorica. This overview helps 2.1. Prvi predstavlja period vladavine kameni most koji predstavljao glavnu in making a clearer insight of cause Otomanske imperije. Zauzimanje vezu između dvije varoši [Raičević, and effect relations, which produced Podgorice se desilo 1445 godine 1971]. facilities, main subjects of this work. i osnivanje naselja, na današnjem Do drugog svjetskog rata Podgorica 2.1. The first one is a period of mjestu Stare varoši 1466 godine na se razvijala i živjela u logično sraslom Ottoman Empire reign. Podgorica temeljima predhodnih naseobina urbanom tkivu Stare i Mirkove occupation occurred in 1445 and Ribnice [Ivanović, 1974] . Tvrđava varoši gdje je stalno rasla ekonomsku establishing settlements occured in Podgorica (prema jednim podacima) premoć novog dijela grada. Podgorica 1466 in area currently known as Old formirana je 1466 pod nadzorom je teško stradala u drugom svjetskom Town, on the foundations
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